A suspended fixed bed reactor for solid particulate catalysis
By controlling the Reynolds number and using a filter structure in the suspended fixed-bed reactor, the problems of swelling, clogging, and mechanical loss of solid particulate catalysts in traditional fixed-bed reactors are solved, achieving efficient and stable operation of the catalyst, improving conversion rate, and reducing production costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG RBL CHEM CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-14
AI Technical Summary
Solid particulate catalysts in traditional fixed-bed reactors suffer from swelling and clogging, severe mechanical loss, and uneven mass transfer, leading to increased production costs and reduced conversion rates.
A suspended fixed-bed reactor is used, and the catalyst is maintained at 50°C by a Reynolds number control unit.
It extends the catalyst's operating cycle, increases conversion rate, reduces production costs, prevents material short-circuiting and mechanical wear, and improves reaction efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224485929U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of chemical catalytic reaction equipment technology, specifically to a suspended fixed-bed reaction device for solid particle catalysis. Background Technology
[0002] Solid particulate catalysts (with a particle size of 0.2-3 mm, such as sulfonic acid resin catalysts) are widely used in the synthesis of fine chemicals and green chemical processes such as esterification, hydrolysis, and alkylation due to their high catalytic activity, easy separation and recovery, and environmental friendliness. However, the application of solid particulate catalysts in traditional fixed-bed reactors suffers from three major drawbacks: First, swelling and clogging occur. Significant swelling, with a volume expansion of approximately 20%-50%, occurs in polar solvents (such as water and alcohols), leading to a sharp increase in bed pressure drop. Second, severe mechanical wear occurs. The brittle nature of these catalysts makes them prone to breakage under the impact of high-velocity materials. Mechanical wear of catalyst particles not only causes loss of active components but also shortens service life due to fine powder clogging of pipelines, significantly increasing production costs. Third, uneven mass transfer efficiency occurs. Overly dense packing can lead to "short circuits" in the bed, resulting in insufficient contact between reactants and catalysts, with local hot spots and dead zones coexisting. This uneven mass transfer directly reduces the conversion rate and selectivity of the target product.
[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of reaction device to achieve efficient and stable operation of solid particulate catalysts and effectively solve the problems of swelling and blockage, mechanical loss and uneven mass transfer in the application of solid particulate catalysts. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the problems existing in the background technology, this utility model proposes a suspended fixed-bed reactor for solid particle catalysis, which solves the problem of swelling and clogging in the application of solid particle catalysts, extends the operating cycle, and the suspension state promotes full contact between the catalyst and the fluid, prevents material short-circuiting, improves the conversion rate, thereby suppressing mechanical wear and reducing production costs.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following solution:
[0006] A suspended fixed-bed reactor for solid particle catalysis includes a reactor, a solid particle catalyst layer, a Reynolds number control unit, and a filter structure. The solid particle catalyst layer is filled in the reactor, and its filling volume occupies 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the effective volume of the reactor's reaction zone. The Reynolds number control unit is connected to the reactor and is used to control the Reynolds number of the operating fluid in the reactor within a range greater than 50 and less than 300, so that the solid particle catalyst layer is in a dynamically suspended state during the reaction. The filter structure is detachably installed at the top and bottom of the reactor's reaction zone.
[0007] Optionally, the reactor is a vertical cylindrical structure with a length-diameter ratio of 4:1 to 6:1. The reactor includes a reaction body with a solid particle catalyst layer arranged inside, an upper seal body and a lower seal body that are connected to the top and bottom of the reaction body respectively.
[0008] Optionally, an outlet and a nitrogen purging port are provided at the top of the upper seal body, and a feed inlet is provided at the bottom of the lower seal body. A feed valve is provided at the feed inlet.
[0009] Optionally, the two filter screen structures are respectively located at the bottom of the upper seal body and the top of the lower seal body. A conical fluid distributor is provided inside the lower seal body between the filter screen structure and the feed inlet.
[0010] Optionally, the filter screen structure is detachably connected to the upper seal body and the lower seal body through a clamp. The filter screen structure includes pressure rings arranged opposite to each other up and down, and a metal filter screen is fixed between the two pressure rings by bolts.
[0011] Optionally, the clamp is a slotted quick-opening flange, the pressure ring is a perforated plate with a thickness of 1 - 5 mm, and the metal filter screen is a titanium alloy sintered mesh with 80 - 200 meshes.
[0012] Optionally, the reaction body is connected with a temperature control mechanism. The temperature control mechanism includes cooling coils, a jacket heat exchange layer and a temperature sensor. The cooling coils are evenly distributed in parallel on the inner wall of the reaction body, and a refrigerant is passed through the cooling coils; the jacket heat exchange layer is sleeved outside the reaction body, and the cooling coils and the jacket heat exchange layer are respectively electrically connected to the temperature sensor.
[0013] Optionally, visual inspection glasses are provided on both sides of the reaction body. The feed valve, the visual inspection glasses and the temperature sensor are respectively electrically connected to a PID interlock control system.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: In this solution, the filling amount of the catalyst layer accounts for 1 / 3 - 1 / 2 of the effective volume, reserving a deformation space for the swelling of the solid particle catalyst, and avoiding the densification of the bed layer caused by particle extrusion; under the flow state with a Reynolds number design of (50 < Re < 300), the catalyst particles are suspended by the fluid drag force, and the swelling volume is dynamically absorbed by the flow field, ensuring that the solid particle catalyst is slightly disturbed but not collided and broken, effectively solving the problem of swelling blockage in the application of the solid particle catalyst, extending the operation cycle, and moreover, the suspended state promotes the full contact between the catalyst and the fluid, preventing material short-circuiting and improving the conversion rate. On the other hand, the Reynolds number control unit makes the catalyst in a quasi-suspended state, reducing the breakage rate and the mechanical wear of the catalyst particles. Moreover, the filter screen structures arranged above and below the reaction zone can intercept the broken particles of the catalyst, preventing secondary wear, suppressing mechanical loss, and reducing the production cost.
[0015] In addition, the interlocking design of the cooling coil and jacket heat exchange layer of the temperature control mechanism reduces the probability of over-temperature runaway. Moreover, through the synergistic effect of the PID interlocking control system, the feed valve and the visual sight glass, when carbonization signs are detected, the feed can be automatically cut off through the feed valve, and the built-in cooling coil can be activated through the temperature sensor to inject refrigerant, thus preventing overheating. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the suspended fixed-bed reaction device of this utility model;
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the filter structure in an embodiment of the present invention, where a is a top view of the filter structure and b is a side view of the filter structure.
[0018] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Reactor body; 2. Upper seal; 3. Lower seal; 4. Solid particle catalyst layer; 5. Outlet; 6. Nitrogen purging port; 7. Inlet; 8. Filter structure; 9. Conical fluid distributor; 10. Cooling coil; 11. Jacketed heat exchange layer; 12. Visual inspection mirror; 13. Pressure ring; 14. Metal filter. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make this utility model clearer and more understandable, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, provides an optional detailed explanation of this utility model. It should be understood that the given embodiments are merely one implementation method and do not represent all embodiments.
[0020] Combination Figure 1-2 This embodiment provides a suspended fixed-bed reactor for solid particle catalysis, including a reactor, a solid particle catalyst layer 4, a Reynolds number control unit, and a filter structure 8. The solid particle catalyst layer 4 is filled in the reactor, and its filling volume occupies 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the effective volume of the reactor reaction zone. The Reynolds number control unit is connected to the reactor and is used to control the Reynolds number of the operating fluid in the reactor within a range greater than 50 and less than 300, so that the solid particle catalyst layer 4 is in a dynamic suspended state during the reaction. The filter structure 8 is detachably disposed at the top and bottom of the reactor reaction zone.
[0021] In this embodiment, the filling amount of the catalyst layer accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the effective volume, reserving deformation space for the swelling of the solid particle catalyst, and avoiding the densification of the bed layer caused by particle extrusion; under the flow regime with a Reynolds number design of (50 < Re < 300), the catalyst particles are suspended by the fluid drag force, and the swelling volume is dynamically absorbed by the flow field, ensuring that the solid particle catalyst is slightly disturbed but not collided and broken, effectively solving the problem of swelling blockage in the application of solid particle catalysts, prolonging the operation cycle, and moreover, the suspended state promotes the full contact between the catalyst and the fluid, preventing material short-circuiting and improving the conversion rate. On the other hand, the Reynolds number control unit makes the catalyst in a quasi-suspended state, reducing the breakage rate and the mechanical wear of the catalyst particles. Moreover, the filter screen structures 8 arranged above and below the reaction zone can intercept the broken catalyst particles, prevent secondary wear, inhibit mechanical loss, and reduce the production cost.
[0022] Specifically, the reactor is a vertical cylindrical structure with a length-to-diameter ratio of 4:1 to 6:1, and the material can be selected from 304 or 316L stainless steel. The reactor includes a reaction main body 1 with the solid particle catalyst layer 4 arranged inside, an upper seal body 2 and a lower seal body 3 respectively connected to the top and bottom of the reaction main body 1. An outlet 5 and a nitrogen purge port 6 are provided at the top of the upper seal body 2, and a feed inlet 7 is provided at the bottom of the lower seal body 3. The nitrogen purge port 6 is used to clean the catalyst bed layer.
[0023] Two of the filter screen structures 8 are respectively located at the bottom of the upper seal body 2 and the top of the lower seal body 3. A conical fluid distributor 9 is provided in the lower seal body 3 between the filter screen structure 8 and the feed inlet 7. Here, the conical fluid distributor 9 is a porous conical distribution plate, which is located near the feed inlet 7 and can attenuate the inlet flow rate to ensure uniform flow rate. The filter screen structure 8 located at the bottom of the upper seal body 2 mainly prevents the spillage of broken particles, and the filter screen structure 8 located at the top of the lower seal body 3 plays a role of bottom support.
[0024] Specifically, the filter screen structure 8 is detachably connected to the upper seal body 2 and the lower seal body 3 through a clamp. The filter screen structure 8 includes pressure rings 13 arranged opposite to each other up and down, and a metal filter screen 14 is fixed between the two pressure rings 13 by bolts. The clamp is a slotted quick-opening flange, the pressure ring 13 is a hole plate with a thickness of 1 - 5 mm, and the metal filter screen 14 is a titanium alloy sintered mesh with 80 - 200 meshes.
[0025] Specifically, the reaction body 1 is connected to a temperature control mechanism, which includes a cooling coil 10, a jacketed heat exchange layer 11, and a temperature sensor. The cooling coil 10 is evenly distributed parallel to the inner wall of the reaction body 1, and a refrigerant, such as liquid nitrogen, flows through it for emergency cooling. The jacketed heat exchange layer 11 is fitted over the reaction body 1, and heat transfer oil can flow through it. The cooling coil 10 and the jacketed heat exchange layer 11 are electrically connected to the temperature sensor.
[0026] Specifically, the reaction body 1 is equipped with visual sight glasses 12 on both sides. These sight glasses 12 are pressure-resistant up to 3.0 MPa and provide high-definition monitoring to analyze the catalyst suspension height and particle integrity in real time. The feed valve, visual sight glasses 12, and temperature sensor are electrically connected to a PID interlocking control system. When the sight glass detects abnormal bubbles or localized blackening (signs of carbonization), the feed valve can be automatically shut off, and the built-in cooling coil 10 can be activated via the temperature sensor to inject refrigerant, preventing overheating. The PID temperature control accuracy is ±0.5℃.
[0027] The effects of the suspended fixed-bed reaction device provided by this utility model are further illustrated below through Examples 1 and 2.
[0028] Example 1
[0029] Example 1 uses the suspended fixed-bed reactor provided by this invention for the continuous synthesis of ethyl acetate. The reactor is Φ300×1500 mm and filled with Amberlyst-15 resin to 40% of its volume. The metal filter 14 is made of 120-mesh titanium alloy. The cooling coil 10 is purged with liquid nitrogen, and the jacket heat exchange layer is purged with heat transfer oil. Acetic acid and ethanol are fed from the bottom inlet 7 of the lower sealing body 3. The flow rate is controlled by the conical fluid distributor 9 at 1.5 cm / s. The reaction results are as follows: the conversion rate is 99.2%, the catalyst suspension height is stable at 70% of the cylinder, and the catalyst breakage rate is <2% after 100 hours of operation.
[0030] Example 2
[0031] Example 2 uses the suspended fixed-bed reactor provided by this invention for the continuous synthesis of butyl acetate. The reactor has a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 1000 mm. It is filled with Amberlyst-15 resin to 40% of the working volume. The metal filter 14 has a specification of 120 mesh. Acetic acid and butanol are fed from the bottom feed port 7 of the lower sealing body 3. The flow rate is controlled by the conical fluid distributor 9 at 1.2 cm / s. The reaction results are as follows: the catalyst suspension height is stable at 80% of the bed, the esterification rate is >98%, and the annual catalyst wear rate is <3%.
[0032] The specific embodiments of this utility model have been described in detail above with reference to the figures, but this utility model is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this utility model, and these variations still fall within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A suspended fixed-bed reaction device for solid particle catalysis, characterized in that: The reactor includes a solid particulate catalyst layer (4), a Reynolds number control unit, and a filter structure (8). The solid particulate catalyst layer (4) is filled in the reactor, and its filling volume accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the effective volume of the reactor reaction zone. The Reynolds number control unit is connected to the reactor and is used to control the Reynolds number of the operating fluid in the reactor to a range greater than 50 and less than 300, so that the solid particulate catalyst layer (4) is in a dynamic suspension state during the reaction. The filter structure (8) is detachably set at the top and bottom of the reactor reaction zone.
2. The suspended fixed-bed reaction device for solid particle catalysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor is a vertical cylindrical structure with a length-to-diameter ratio of 4:1 to 6:
1. The reactor includes a reaction body (1) with the solid particle catalyst layer (4) inside, an upper sealing body (2) and a lower sealing body (3) connected to the top and bottom of the reaction body (1).
3. A suspended fixed-bed reaction device for solid particle catalysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper sealing body (2) is provided with a discharge port (5) and a nitrogen purging port (6) at the top, and the lower sealing body (3) is provided with a feed port (7) at the bottom, and a feed valve is provided at the feed port (7).
4. A suspended fixed-bed reaction device for solid particle catalysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two filter structures (8) are located at the bottom of the upper sealing body (2) and the top of the lower sealing body (3), respectively. A conical fluid distributor (9) is provided in the lower sealing body (3) between the filter structure (8) and the feed inlet (7).
5. A suspended fixed-bed reaction device for solid particle catalysis according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filter structure (8) is detachably connected to the upper sealing body (2) and the lower sealing body (3) by clamps. The filter structure (8) includes pressure rings (13) arranged opposite to each other, and a metal filter screen (14) is fixed between the two pressure rings (13) by bolts.
6. A suspended fixed-bed reaction device for solid particle catalysis according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamp is a slotted quick-opening flange, the pressure ring (13) is a 1-5mm perforated plate, and the metal filter screen (14) is an 80-200 mesh titanium alloy sintered mesh.
7. A suspended fixed-bed reaction device for solid particle catalysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reaction body (1) is connected to a temperature control mechanism, which includes a cooling coil (10), a jacketed heat exchange layer (11), and a temperature sensor. The cooling coil (10) is evenly distributed in parallel on the inner wall of the reaction body (1), and a refrigerant is circulated inside the cooling coil (10). The jacketed heat exchange layer (11) is sleeved on the outside of the reaction body (1), and the cooling coil (10) and the jacketed heat exchange layer (11) are electrically connected to the temperature sensor.
8. A suspended fixed-bed reaction device for solid particle catalysis according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reaction body (1) is provided with visual sights (12) on both sides, and the feed valve, visual sights (12) and temperature sensor are electrically connected to a PID interlocking control system.