SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OCCUPANT PROTECTION IN CASE OF VEHICLE WINDSHIELD CRASHES

Abstract

The present invention discloses a system (100) for occupant protection in the event of windshield impacts in a vehicle, comprising a first set of sensors (102) and a control unit (116). Based on sensor data, the control unit (116) detects potential hazards approaching or penetrating the front or rear windshield. Depending on a specific detected circumstance, the control unit (116) initiates active safety measures, passive safety measures, or activates a warning unit (126). The first set of sensors (102) includes a camera unit (104), radar sensors (106), and glass breakage detectors (108). The system (100) provides enhanced occupant protection through automatic responses to windshield impacts and potential collisions.

Description

AREA OF INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to safety systems for vehicles, in particular to a system for occupant protection that protects the occupants from windshield impacts during driving. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Vehicle safety systems have evolved considerably over the years, with a primary focus on protecting occupants in various types of collisions. Typical safety systems include airbags, seat belts, crumple zones, and reinforced compartments for occupants. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have also been developed to help prevent accidents by alerting the driver to potential hazards or intervening automatically in emergency situations. Despite these advances, however, certain scenarios remain where existing safety systems cannot provide sufficient protection for a vehicle's occupants. One such scenario is windshield impacts, which pose a significant risk to vehicle occupants. While driving on highways or other roads, vehicles can be exposed to potential hazards, such as...by objects falling from trucks or other sources. These objects could be steel bars or other heavy materials that can strike the windshield with considerable force.

[0003] The impact of such objects on the windshield can have serious consequences for the occupants, including injuries from shattered glass or even the object penetrating the vehicle's interior. Current vehicle safety systems are primarily designed for more common types of collisions, such as frontal, side, or rear impacts. These systems often rely on sensors that detect sudden deceleration or changes in vehicle dynamics to trigger protective measures.

[0004] Existing vehicle safety systems primarily focus on detecting and mitigating impacts to the front, rear, and sides of the vehicle. These systems typically rely on sensors mounted in bumpers, side panels, and other strategic locations to detect collisions and trigger appropriate safety measures. However, these conventional sensors are not optimized to specifically detect impacts to the windshield. Therefore, there is a gap in safety measures to protect occupants from windshield impacts, leaving them at risk of potential injury in such scenarios. Traditional approaches to windshield impact protection have primarily focused on improving the strength and durability of the windshield glass itself.Laminated safety glass (VSG), which consists of two layers of glass with a plastic interlayer, has become widely used to reduce the risk of splintering and to ensure a certain level of puncture resistance.

[0005] While this approach has improved occupant safety to some extent, it does not address the broader problem of detecting and responding to potential windshield impacts before they occur. Therefore, the aforementioned problems must be solved. SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0006] A primary object of the present invention is to provide a system for occupant protection in the event of windshield impacts of a vehicle, which increases safety in scenarios where conventional sensors are unable to detect localized impacts.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for occupant protection in the event of windshield impacts of the vehicle, which increases safety through advanced detection and automatic reaction mechanisms.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to offer a method for protecting occupants in the event of windshield impacts, in which data from several sensors are used to detect potential hazards and initiate appropriate safety measures.

[0009] Another objective of the present invention is to increase the safety of the occupants by detecting possible windshield impacts in real time and reacting to them in order to reduce the risk of injury in accidents. SUMMARY

[0010] The present invention discloses a system for occupant protection in the event of a windshield impact in a vehicle, comprising a first set of sensors and a control unit. The control unit includes a processor configured to execute one or more commands to determine, based on data received from the first set of sensors, whether a potential hazard is approaching the front or rear windshield or whether the at least one potential hazard is penetrating the front windshield. The control unit then implements an active or passive safety measure or warns the user accordingly. The first set of sensors includes at least one camera unit and at least one radar sensor configured to monitor a front or rear side area of ​​the vehicle while it is in motion.Additionally, the first set of sensors includes one or more glass breakage detection sensors mounted on the front windshield to detect glass breakage. These glass breakage sensors include low-frequency sensors to detect the initial bending of the glass before breakage and high-frequency sensors to detect the sound generated by the glass breaking.

[0011] The control unit is configured to execute the active safety function when a potential hazard approaches the windshield. This active safety operation involves the simultaneous activation of an automatic emergency braking system to reduce the vehicle's speed to a controlled stop and a Pre-Safe system to tighten the seatbelt around an occupant to a first, predefined safety level. The control unit uses data from the camera unit and radar sensor to determine whether the potential hazard is approaching the windshield. If the potential hazard breaches the windshield, the control unit initiates the passive safety operation by activating the automatic emergency braking system and a Pre-Safe system to tighten the seatbelt to a second, predefined safety level.The second predefined safety level offers higher seatbelt tension than the first. Based on data from the camera unit, radar sensor, and glass breakage detection sensors, the control unit determines whether the potential hazard will damage the front windshield. The control unit is configured to also include a parking warning function by activating a warning unit when the potential hazard approaches the rear windshield. The control unit determines whether the potential hazard is approaching the rear windshield based on data from the camera unit and radar sensor.

[0012] Furthermore, the system includes a second set of sensors configured to monitor the vehicle's performance during a pre-accident event. This second set of sensors includes sensors for monitoring vehicle behavior. Based on the data from the vehicle behavior monitoring sensors, the control unit determines whether a subsequent collision has occurred and activates the airbag control unit to deploy the airbags to protect the occupants. The system also includes a speed monitoring unit that continuously monitors the vehicle's speed. The control unit is configured to perform one of the safety operations if the vehicle speed exceeds a predefined value. The safety operation includes an active safety operation, a passive safety operation, or an alarm.The control unit is also configured to deactivate the Pre-Safe system or the Pre-Crash system when the vehicle is stationary.

[0013] The present invention discloses a method for protecting occupants during windshield impacts of a vehicle. The method comprises determining whether a potential hazard is approaching the front or rear windshield, or whether the potential hazard is penetrating the front windshield, based on data received from a first set of sensors. The method then comprises performing at least one active safety operation, one passive safety operation, or alerting a user.

[0014] The preceding sections were given as a general introduction and are not intended to limit the scope of the following claims. The described embodiments, along with further advantages, are best understood by reference to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ENCLOSED DRAWINGS

[0015] The above and further features and advantages of the present invention will become clear when considering the following detailed description of embodiments thereof, particularly when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and wherein: Fig. Figure 1 shows an exemplary blocking of a system for occupant protection in the event of a windshield impact of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for carrying out an active safety procedure for occupant protection after detecting a potential hazard approaching a front windscreen, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 3a is a flowchart illustrating a method for carrying out a passive safety procedure for occupant protection after a potential hazard has damaged the front windscreen, according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 3b is a flowchart showing a method for detecting a subsequent collision of a vehicle and activating a control unit for the airbag according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for activating a warning unit when a potential hazard approaches a rear windshield, in accordance with an implementation of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a block diagram that represents one or more modules of a control unit. Fig. 1 shows a safety procedure for occupant protection according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Specific reference is made to embodiments of the present invention. Identical or similar elements and elements with identical or similar functions are identified in the descriptions by the same reference numerals. The embodiments described here with reference to the drawings serve to explain, illustrate, and provide a general understanding of the present invention. These embodiments are not to be interpreted as limiting the present invention.

[0017] Aspects of the present invention are best understood by reference to the figure and the description contained herein. All aspects described herein will be better appreciated and understood when considered in conjunction with the following description and the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the following descriptions, while indicating preferred aspects and numerous specific details thereof, are given for illustration and not for limitation. Many changes and modifications can be made within the scope of this description without departing from the spirit and scope of the description, and the present invention includes all such modifications.

[0018] A broad framework of the principles is presented by describing various embodiments of this invention with reference to exemplary aspects illustrated in various drawings. For the sake of clarity and simplicity, each aspect comprises only a few embodiments. Different embodiments from various aspects can be combined or implemented separately to construct a customized method according to application requirements. Many different combinations and subcombinations of some representative methods shown within the scope of this invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art but are not explicitly shown or described, should not be considered excluded.

[0019] The present invention discloses a system for occupant protection in the event of a vehicle windshield impact. The system comprises a first set of sensors and a control unit. The control unit includes a processor configured to execute commands to determine whether a potential hazard is approaching a front windshield or a rear windshield, or whether the potential hazard is about to breach the front windshield, based on data received from the first set of sensors. The control unit is further configured to perform an active safety operation, a passive safety operation, or to alert a user. The system of the present invention enhances occupant safety by detecting and responding to potential windshield impacts in real time, thereby reducing the risk of injury in accidents.The first set of sensors includes at least one camera unit and at least one radar sensor configured to monitor the front or rear side area of ​​the vehicle while it is in motion. This first set of sensors also includes one or more glass breakage detection sensors mounted on the front windshield and configured to detect glass breakage. This first group of sensors provides continuous monitoring of the front and rear areas of the vehicle, enabling early detection of potential hazards and the execution of the safety procedure. The glass breakage detection sensors in the occupant protection system include both low-frequency and high-frequency sensors.The low-frequency sensors are configured to detect an initial low-frequency bending of the windshield prior to breakage, while the high-frequency sensors are configured to detect high-frequency noises generated by glass breakage. The camera unit captures visual data, while the radar sensor provides additional information about the distance and speed of approaching objects. This dual-sensor approach increases the accuracy and reliability of hazard detection. The glass breakage detection sensors enable early warning of potential breakage and immediate detection of actual breakage, allowing the system to respond quickly and appropriately to windshield impacts.

[0020] The occupant protection system's control unit is configured to initiate the active safety procedure when a potential hazard approaches the windshield. This active procedure involves the simultaneous activation of an automatic emergency braking system to reduce the vehicle's speed to a controlled stop and a Pre-Safe system to tighten a seatbelt around an occupant to an initial, predefined safety level. The control unit determines the approach to the potential hazard based on data from the camera unit and radar sensor, thus enabling proactive safety measures before an impact occurs. For example, if an object is detected near the windshield, the occupant protection system is configured to put the vehicle into an automatic mode, brake to a stop, and alert emergency services.The automatic response when an object approaches the windshield helps minimize the risk of collision and ensures that help is summoned quickly in the event of a serious impact. The system's ability to take control of the vehicle in hazardous situations can be particularly beneficial when the driver's vision or ability to steer the vehicle is impaired. If a potential hazard were to breach the windshield, the control unit is configured to execute the passive safety function. This passive safety procedure involves the simultaneous activation of the automatic emergency braking system to reduce the vehicle's speed to a controlled stop and the pre-crash system to tighten the seatbelt around the occupant to a second, predefined level of safety.In the event of an impact with the windshield, for example, the vehicle automatically brakes and the pre-crash system is activated to tighten the seat belts. Additionally, the control unit alerts an airbag ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The control unit determines the windshield fracture using data from the camera unit, radar sensor, and glass breakage sensors, thus enabling a rapid response to protect the occupants after the impact. The occupant protection system has two predefined safety levels for seat belt tightening. At the first predefined safety level, the belt is tightened to a predefined degree, while at the second predefined safety level, the belt is tightened to a second predefined degree that exceeds the first.A graduated approach to seatbelt tensioning allows for an appropriate response based on the severity of a detected threat, striking a balance between occupant comfort and maximum occupant protection in the event of a collision. If a collision occurs after the initial impact, the airbags are deployed to protect the occupants. This real-time response ensures that the occupants are protected throughout the entire impact process, from the initial hazard detection to any subsequent collisions.

[0021] When a potential hazard approaches the rear windshield, the control unit is configured to activate a warning system. The control unit determines the approach of the potential hazard to the rear windshield based on data from the camera unit and radar sensor. Accordingly, the system ensures that the occupants are alerted to potential threats from behind, allowing them to take appropriate action or prepare for a possible collision.

[0022] The occupant protection system also includes a second set of sensors configured to monitor vehicle behavior during a pre-collision event. This second set comprises one or more vehicle behavior sensors that provide data on factors such as yaw rate, pitch, pressure pipe measurements, vehicle deceleration, and potential rollover. The control unit uses this vehicle behavior data, along with information from the camera unit, radar sensor, and glass breakage sensors, to detect whether a subsequent collision is imminent. If so, the control unit activates an airbag control unit, which triggers the deployment of the airbags to protect the occupants. The system also includes a speed monitoring unit for continuously monitoring the vehicle's speed.The control unit is configured to execute one of the safety operations when the vehicle's speed exceeds a predefined value. The safety operation can be an active safety operation, a passive safety operation, or a warning, depending on a specific detected circumstance. This ensures that appropriate safety measures are taken when the vehicle travels at higher speeds, where the risk and potential severity of an impact are greater.To avoid unnecessary activation of the safety systems, the control unit is configured to deactivate the Pre-Safe system and the Pre-Crash system when the vehicle is stationary, which helps to save energy and reduce wear and tear on the safety systems when they are not needed, while ensuring that they are ready to be activated immediately when the vehicle is in motion.

[0023] The present invention further discloses a method for protecting vehicle occupants in the event of a windshield impact, wherein, based on data received from a first set of sensors, it is determined whether a potential hazard is approaching a windshield or a rear window, or whether the potential hazard is penetrating the windshield. The method then comprises implementing an active safety measure, a passive safety measure, or alerting a user. The method provides a systematic approach to improving occupant safety in the event of a windshield impact.

[0024] Fig. Figure 1 shows an exemplary blocking mechanism for components of a system 100 for occupant protection in the event of a vehicle windshield impact. The system 100 comprises a first set of sensors 102, a control unit 116 with a processor 118, a second set of sensors 110, and a speed monitoring unit 114. The first set of sensors 102 includes at least one camera unit 104, at least one radar sensor 106, and one or more glass breakage detection sensors 108. The camera unit 104 and the radar sensor 106 are configured to monitor a front side area or a rear side area of ​​a vehicle while it is in motion. In some embodiments, the camera unit 104 and the radar sensor 106 are arranged at the front of the vehicle to monitor the front side area.In some embodiments, the camera unit 104 and the radar sensor 106 for monitoring the rear side area of ​​the vehicle are positioned on a rear tailgate. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art can determine the positioning of the camera unit 104 and the radar sensor 106 for monitoring the front and rear side areas of the vehicle without deviating from the scope of the present invention. The one or more glass breakage detection sensors 108 are arranged on the front windshield. In some embodiments, the one or more glass breakage detection sensors 108 are arranged on the rear windshield.

[0025] The one or more glass breakage detection sensors 108 are configured to detect glass breakage in the front windshield. The one or more glass breakage detection sensors 108 comprise one or more low-frequency glass breakage detection sensors and one or more high-frequency glass breakage detection sensors. The one or more low-frequency glass breakage detection sensors are configured to detect an initial low-frequency bending of the front windshield glass before it breaks. Early detection of glass breakage is crucial for initiating preventative measures before the glass actually shatters. The low-frequency glass breakage detection sensors are calibrated to detect minute vibrations and bending of the glass that occur when an object impacts the windshield but does not immediately cause breakage.The early warning system provides the vehicle's safety systems with valuable milliseconds to activate. The high-frequency glass breakage detection sensor(s) are configured to detect the high-frequency noise produced when glass breaks. These sensors are calibrated to recognize the characteristic acoustic signature of shattering glass. By detecting this high-frequency noise, the system can immediately confirm that the windshield has been damaged and initiate appropriate safety measures. The combination of low- and high-frequency detection provides a robust and reliable glass breakage detection system.

[0026] In some embodiments, the camera unit 104 uses different camera types, including visible light cameras, infrared cameras, or multispectral imaging systems. The various camera types enable effective monitoring under different lighting and weather conditions and ensure consistent system performance. The camera unit 104 can also incorporate advanced image processing algorithms to enhance object detection and tracking capabilities. The radar sensor 106 can be implemented using various radar technologies, such as pulse-Doppler radar, frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, or phased-array radar. Each of these radar types offers specific advantages in terms of range, resolution, and the ability to detect moving objects, allowing the system 100 to be optimized for different vehicle types and operating conditions.The 108 series glass breakage detection sensors can be based on various sensor technologies, including piezoelectric, acoustic, or optical sensors. These different sensor types allow for the detection of both the physical deformation of the glass and the acoustic signature of the breakage, creating redundancy and increasing the reliability of breakage detection.

[0027] The control unit 116 contains a processor 118. The processor 118 is configured to execute one or more instructions to determine, based on data received from the first group of sensors 102, whether at least one potential hazard is approaching at least one of the front windshields or the rear windshields of the vehicle, or whether the at least one potential hazard is penetrating the front windshield. The control unit 116 is further configured to execute at least one active safety operation, one passive safety operation, or a warning to a user.

[0028] In some embodiments, the control unit 116 comprises a hardware processor 118 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a hardware processor core, an artificial intelligence (AI) processor, or any combination thereof), main memory, and static memory, some or all of which can communicate with each other via an intermediate connection (e.g., a bus). Furthermore, the control unit 116 can be implemented in the form of one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, state machines, logic circuits, and / or any devices that manipulate signals based on operating instructions. For example, the control unit 116 is communicatively coupled with the first set of sensors 102, the second set of sensors 110, the speed monitoring unit 114, and the airbag control unit 128.The Control Unit 116 can be integrated with a variety of web applications, platforms, and systems that involve at least one database management system over a network. It is understood that the data may reside in an external container or database that can be communicatively coupled with the user device, such as Google Drive or OneDrive. The Control Unit 116 may additionally include a storage device (e.g., a drive, a network interface device). The Control Unit 116 may include a built-in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a control unit for output, such as a serial (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB)), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.) connection. The device may contain a machine-readable, non-volatile medium on which one or more sets of data structures or instructions (e.g., commands, instructions, etc.) are written.The machine-readable medium may include instructions stored in software that embody or utilize one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions may also reside wholly or at least partially in main memory, static memory, or the hardware processor while being executed by the control unit 116. The machine-readable medium may comprise any medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the control unit 116, causing the control unit 116 to perform one or more of the tasks disclosed herein. For example, the machine-readable medium includes machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that can be used to perform the tasks. Non-limiting examples of machine-readable media may include solid-state storage, as well as optical and magnetic media.Specific examples of machine-readable media can include non-volatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices, magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical disks, and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

[0029] The second set of sensors 110 is configured to monitor the vehicle's performance during a pre-accident event. This second set of sensors 110 includes vehicle behavior monitoring sensors 112, which monitor the vehicle's behavior and stability during the event. The control unit 116 is configured to detect a subsequent collision of the vehicle based on data from the camera 104, the radar sensor 106, the glass breakage detection sensors 108, and the vehicle behavior monitoring sensors 112, and to activate the airbag control unit 128 to deploy the airbag to protect the occupants.

[0030] The System 100 can be adapted for various vehicle types, including occupants of cars, SUVs, trucks, and buses. The System 100 can be tailored to the specific needs and characteristics of different vehicle types, taking into account factors such as vehicle size, weight, typical speed ranges, and intended use.

[0031] According to the invention, all the elements described above contribute to enabling a method for performing the active safety operation, the passive safety operation, and the user modification, as described below in conjunction with Fig. 1 is described.

[0032] Fig. Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for executing the active safety process for occupant protection following the detection of a potential hazard approaching the windshield. The windshield impact protection procedure comprises a series of steps configured to detect, assess, and respond to potential hazards that may impact the vehicle's windshield. The procedure utilizes advanced sensor technology and sophisticated algorithms to enable a rapid and appropriate response to protect the occupants. The procedure begins with continuous monitoring of the vehicle's front area using a combination of sensors, including cameras and radar.

[0033] In step 202, the vehicle's speed is monitored using the speed monitoring unit 114. The speed monitoring unit 114 is configured to measure the vehicle's speed and provide real-time data to the control unit 116. The speed monitoring unit 114 can be a digital or analog device. It can use various technologies, such as radar (radio detection and ranging), lidar (light detection and ranging), or GPS (global positioning system), to determine the vehicle's speed. The speed monitoring unit 114 continuously monitors the vehicle's speed and enables the control unit 116 to implement safety measures if the speed exceeds a predefined value.If the vehicle's speed exceeds the predefined speed level 202A, the procedure continues with step 204. Otherwise, the procedure returns to step 202. In an exemplary embodiment, the predefined speed level is 15 kilometers per hour (km / h). If the vehicle speed exceeds 15 km / h, the procedure continues with the subsequent steps to implement safety measures.

[0034] In step 204, the procedure includes determining, using the control unit 116, whether at least one potential hazard is approaching the vehicle's front windshield, based on data received from the at least one camera unit 104 and the at least one radar sensor 106. The control unit 116 is a central processing component of the system that receives input from various sensors and components, including the camera unit 104, the radar sensor 106, and the speed monitoring unit 114. The control unit 116 processes the received data and makes decisions based on predefined algorithms or rules. The camera unit 104 and the radar sensor 106 are used for continuous monitoring of the area in front of the vehicle. The camera unit 104 captures visual data that is processed by the control unit 116 to detect potential hazards.The radar sensor 106, in turn, detects objects and their distance from the vehicle via radio waves. Based on the trajectory, speed, and characteristics of the detected objects, the control unit 116 determines the probability that the potential hazard is approaching the windshield.

[0035] When the control unit 116 detects in step 206 that the potential hazard is approaching the windshield but has not yet made contact, the control unit 116 initiates the active safety operation. The active safety operation comprises a series of actions aimed at reducing the risk of injury to the vehicle's occupants in advance of an accident. The active safety function is applied before an accident occurs or a potential hazard impacts the windshield. The active safety function helps to take measures to prevent potential damage to the front windshield. For example, the camera unit 104 detects any unusual movement (e.g., a pole sliding out of the front of the vehicle), and the radar sensor 106 detects any movement in the front area of ​​the vehicle. The camera unit 104 and the radar sensor 106 send a signal to the control unit 116.To prevent the front windshield from breaking and the vehicle and occupants from being further damaged by the potential danger, the active safety function is activated.

[0036] In step 208A, the procedure includes activating the automatic emergency braking system 120, thereby minimizing the potential impact of the detected hazard. The automatic emergency braking system 120 is configured to automatically apply the vehicle's brakes when a potential collision is detected. The system can significantly reduce the vehicle's speed or even bring it to a complete stop, thus minimizing the impact of the potential collision. In some embodiments, the automatic emergency braking system 120 can utilize various braking technologies, such as hydraulic brakes, regenerative braking in electric vehicles, or a combination of both.

[0037] In step 208B, the procedure involves activating a Pre-Safe System 122 to tighten the seat belt around the occupant to the first predefined safety level. The Pre-Safe System 122 is configured to prepare the vehicle and its occupants for a potential collision. It can automatically tighten the seat belts around the occupants to the first predefined safety level, ensuring they are securely restrained. The Pre-Safe System 122 is configured to prevent forward movement of the occupants under dynamic driving conditions and to secure them in their seats. In this way, the Pre-Safe System 122 achieves optimal energy reduction and thus minimizes the impact of an accident.

[0038] Step 210 of the procedure involves deactivating the Pre-Safe system 122 when the vehicle is stationary, using the control unit 116. Once the vehicle has come to a complete stop, the Pre-Safe system 122 is deactivated. This is to ensure that the system does not unnecessarily tighten the seat belts when there is no longer a risk of collision. The control unit 116 manages this process and ensures that the Pre-Safe system 122 is deactivated at the correct time.

[0039] Fig. Figure 3a is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for implementing the passive safety procedure for occupant protection following the breakage of the front windshield by a potential hazard. In step 302, the speed monitoring unit 114 is configured to continuously monitor the vehicle's speed and provide real-time speed data to the control unit 116. The speed data can help estimate the impact energy of an object striking the windshield, which is crucial for determining the necessary response measures. The speed monitoring unit 114 continuously monitors the vehicle's speed so that the control unit 116 can take safety measures if the speed exceeds the predefined speed level. In some embodiments, the predefined speed level is 15 km / h.If the vehicle speed exceeds 15 km / h, the procedure proceeds to step 304.

[0040] In step 304A, the control unit 116 determines whether at least one potential hazard will collide with the vehicle's front windshield, based on data received from at least one camera unit 104 and at least one radar sensor 106. The camera unit 104 and the radar sensor 106 are configured to continuously monitor the front of the vehicle and detect potential hazards, such as steel bars that could strike the windshield. The control unit 116 processes the data from the camera unit 104 and the radar sensor 106, identifies potential hazards, and initiates appropriate safety measures. The continuous monitoring of the vehicle's front using the camera unit 104 and the radar sensor 106 provides a comprehensive picture of the vehicle's front.The camera unit 104 provides visual data by capturing images and videos of objects approaching the vehicle's front windshield. This visual information is particularly useful for identifying the type and characteristics of potential hazards. The radar sensor 106 complements the camera data by providing accurate measurements of the distance, speed, and trajectory of approaching objects.

[0041] In step 304B, the procedure involves determining whether the potential hazard will break the windshield using the control unit 116, based on data received from the one or more glass breakage detection sensors 108 attached to the windshield. The one or more glass breakage detection sensors 108 use dual technology to detect glass breakage by sensing low-frequency bending noises prior to breakage and high-frequency noises upon breakage. The glass breakage detection sensors 108 attached to the windshield continuously monitor for any signs of impact or breakage. The glass breakage detection sensors 108 are configured to detect both the initial bending of the glass upon impact and the high-frequency noise produced when the glass breaks.Thanks to this dual detection approach, the 116 control unit can react to potential hazards even before the windshield actually breaks, and it can react immediately if a breakage occurs. This allows a windshield impact to be detected instantly and a rapid response initiated.

[0042] If, in step 306, the control unit 116 determines, based on data from the camera unit 104, the radar sensor 106, and the glass breakage detection sensors 108, that the potential hazard will collide with or damage the front windshield, the control unit 116 initiates the passive safety operation. The passive safety operation comprises a series of actions aimed at reducing the risk of injury to the vehicle occupants prior to an accident.

[0043] In step 308A, when the control unit 116 detects an actual impact on the windshield, the procedure performs the passive safety operation by activating the automatic emergency braking system 120 to reduce the vehicle's speed to a controlled stop. The procedure for performing the emergency braking involves automatically switching from manual to automatic mode, and the emergency braking is then carried out automatically. Simultaneously, the control unit 116 sends a signal to an SOS system to alert the emergency services. The procedure may also include a change in the airbag control unit 128 to prepare for possible deployment. In the event of a subsequent impact, the airbags are deployed to protect the occupants.

[0044] In step 308B, the Pre-Crash System 124 is activated to tighten the seat belt around the occupant to the second predefined safety level. The Pre-Crash System 124 secures the vehicle occupants and minimizes potential injuries. Pre-Crash System 124 tightens the seat belts to a higher tension level, thereby restraining the occupants to the maximum extent. This increased tension is crucial for maintaining the occupants' position and minimizing the risk of injury from secondary impacts or vehicle instability following windshield breakage. The belt tension in passive safety mode is higher than in active safety mode. The second predefined safety level provides a higher belt tension than the first predefined safety level.

[0045] In step 310, after the vehicle has come to a controlled stop, the pre-crash system 124 is deactivated while the vehicle is stationary using the control unit 116. This ensures that the safety measures are only active during the required periods, thus optimizing the system's efficiency.

[0046] Fig. Figure 3b is a flowchart illustrating a method for detecting a subsequent collision of the vehicle and activating the airbag control unit 128 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step 306B, the method includes determining whether the subsequent collision of the vehicle is detected based on data received from the camera unit 104, the radar sensor 106, the one or more glass breakage detection sensors 108, and the vehicle behavior monitoring sensors. The camera unit 104 is responsible for continuously monitoring the front of the vehicle and detecting potential hazards, such as steel objects approaching the windshield. The radar sensor 106 supports the monitoring process and provides additional data on potential hazards.The vehicle's behavior is continuously monitored using additional sensors that record parameters such as yaw rate, pitch, roll, and acceleration. This vehicle behavior data is used to assess the vehicle's stability and predict potential loss-of-control scenarios. If the control unit 116 detects that the vehicle is at risk of losing stability or that a secondary collision is likely, it can take additional measures, such as activating the stability control systems or preparing the airbag systems for deployment. The sensors include vehicle behavior monitoring sensors that record parameters such as yaw rate (typically up to ±300 degrees per second), pitch (up to ±45 degrees), potential rollover situations, vehicle deceleration, and so on.In some embodiments, the sensors for monitoring vehicle behavior include, among others, pressure sensors, accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers, which can be mounted at one or more locations on the vehicle.

[0047] When the collision is detected, the procedure in step 308C includes activating the airbag control unit 128 with the aid of the control unit 116 to deploy the airbags. In some embodiments, the airbags are deployed within 20-30 milliseconds to protect occupants. In some embodiments, the airbag control unit 128 is configured to manage various types of airbags, including front airbags, side airbags, curtain airbags, and knee airbags. Based on the specific characteristics of the impact event, the airbag control unit 128 can determine which airbags should be deployed to optimize occupant protection while minimizing the risk of injury from the airbag deployment itself.

[0048] Fig. Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for activating a warning unit when a potential hazard approaches the rear windshield. In step 402, the procedure involves monitoring the vehicle's speed using the Speed ​​Monitoring Unit 114. The Speed ​​Monitoring Unit 114 is configured to continuously track the vehicle's speed and provide speed data used to assess the potential impact energy of an object striking the windshield.

[0049] In step 404, the control unit 116 uses data received from the camera unit 104 and the radar sensor 106 to determine whether at least one potential hazard is approaching the rear windshield of the vehicle. The camera unit 104 is configured to continuously monitor the rear of the vehicle and detect potential hazards approaching the rear windshield. The radar sensor 106, on the other hand, is configured to detect the presence and speed of objects in the vehicle's path, thus providing additional data used to assess the threat level of approaching hazards.

[0050] In step 406, when the potential hazard approaching the rear windshield is detected, the control unit 116 activates the warning unit 126. The warning unit 126 can be a visual or audible warning system configured to warn the driver and occupants of the impending danger. This warning can prompt the vehicle occupants to take the necessary protective measures when the vehicle is parked.

[0051] Fig. 5 is a block diagram that represents one or more modules of the control unit 116. Fig.Figure 1 shows how to perform a safety operation for occupant protection. The control unit 116 comprises an image processing module 502, a communication module 504, and an object risk calculation (ORC) module 506. The image processing module 502 uses an integrated sensor fusion algorithm module 502A, a data interpretation module 502B, and a decision-making module 502C to analyze data from the camera sensor 104 and the radar sensor 106. The integrated sensor fusion algorithm module combines data from the camera unit 104 and the radar sensor 106 to create a more accurate and robust representation of the vehicle's surroundings. The integrated sensor fusion algorithm module uses a sensor fusion algorithm to integrate the data from the camera sensor 104 and the radar sensor 106 to compensate for the limitations of each sensor and obtain a unified view of the front or rear of the vehicle.The integrated algorithm module for sensor fusion can use Kalman filters and deep learning models for fusing sensor data.

[0052] The data evaluation module detects, classifies, and tracks object 504C to ensure occupant protection in the event of a windshield impact. The data interpretation module processes sensor fusion data obtained from the integrated sensor fusion algorithm module to identify potential hazards approaching the front or rear windshield. Using one or more algorithms, the data evaluation module detects objects approaching the front or rear windshield, classifies these objects (such as vehicles, pedestrians, debris, etc.), and tracks the trajectories of the classified objects over time to predict the collision risk and time to collision (TTC).

[0053] The decision-making module determines, based on data received from the data interpretation module, whether the detected object poses a potential hazard to the vehicle. The data received from the data evaluation module can include, among other things, classification data, an object trajectory 504B, and a relative velocity 504A of the object. The relative velocity 504A refers to the speed of the detected object (e.g., another vehicle or an obstacle) relative to the speed of a target vehicle. The object trajectory 504B refers to the path or movement of the object relative to the vehicle. If the decision-making module determines that the detected object is a potential hazard, it transmits the classification data, the object trajectory, and the object's relative velocity to the ORC module 506 via the communication module 504.In some embodiments, the 504 communication module is a FlexRay bus. The FlexRay bus serves as a high-speed communication network within the vehicle, enabling fast and reliable data transmission between different system components. Its deterministic and fault-tolerant protocol ensures that critical information is transmitted with minimal latency, which is essential for real-time decision-making in safety-critical applications.

[0054] The ORC module 506 comprises a 506A module for proximity analysis and collision time measurement, a 506B module for collision risk assessment, and a 506C module for monitoring sensor thresholds. The ORC module 506 also receives glass breakage data from the 108 glass breakage detection sensors. The proximity analysis and collision time module determines the approach and time to collision based on the object's trajectory and relative velocity. The collision risk assessment module can use probabilistic models, decision trees, or machine learning techniques to evaluate the probability and severity of potential collisions or other hazardous situations based on the object's trajectory, relative velocity, and glass breakage data. The collision risk assessment module can classify the risks as high, medium, or low.The sensor threshold monitoring module monitors the vehicle's internal systems to ensure that safety thresholds are not exceeded. Based on the analysis from the proximity analysis and collision time measurement module and the collision risk assessment module, the ORC module 506 performs at least one active or passive safety action or changes the user's behavior. In an exemplary embodiment, the ORC module 506 activates the automatic emergency braking system 120 to reduce the vehicle's speed to a controlled stop and the Pre-Safe system 122 to tighten the seat belt around the occupant to the first predefined safety level when the distance to the detected object is small and the time to collision is long.In another exemplary embodiment, in the event of a collision with the front windshield, the ORC module 506 activates the automatic emergency braking system 120 to reduce the speed of the vehicle to a controlled stop, and the pre-crash system 124 to tighten the seat belt around the occupant to the second predefined safety level.

[0055] After the collision, the sensor threshold monitoring module compares the values ​​of the second sensor set 110 and the satellite sensor with a predetermined safety threshold and activates the control unit 128 for the airbags if the sensor values ​​exceed the predetermined safety threshold in order to trigger the airbags.

[0056] In another exemplary embodiment, the ORC module 506 activates the warning unit 126 when the potential hazard approaches the rear windshield and the collision risk is assessed as high. The warning unit 126 can be a visual or audible system that warns the driver and occupants of the impending danger.

[0057] The present invention offers several advantages over conventional vehicle safety systems. First, the system 100 provides a more comprehensive approach to occupant protection by addressing the specific risks associated with windshield impacts. Unlike conventional systems, which primarily focus on frontal, side, or rear collisions, the system 100 is configured to detect and respond to hazards that can directly impact the windshield. This is particularly important because windshield impacts can occur unexpectedly, and conventional impact sensors may not be triggered. Second, the system enables more accurate and timely detection of potential hazards through the use of multiple sensor types, including the camera unit 104, the radar sensor 106, and special glass breakage detection sensors 108.The multi-sensor approach can detect hazards that single-sensor systems might miss, thereby reducing the risk of injury in windshield impacts. Thirdly, the system's ability to distinguish between approaching hazards and actual windshield breakage allows for a graduated response. This means the system can take up to 100 preventative measures when a hazard is detected, such as braking the vehicle and pretensioning the seat belts, while simultaneously being able to intensify its response if an impact occurs. This graduated approach can help minimize the severity of injuries in the event of an actual impact, thus reducing the risk of serious injury. The potential applications of this system for occupant protection are numerous and varied.In urban environments, where debris from construction sites or unsecured loads from other vehicles pose a risk to windshields, System 100 can provide crucial protection. On highways, where high speeds increase the potential severity of windshield impacts, the system's rapid response can significantly reduce the risk of injury. In areas prone to hail or rockfall, System 100 can warn the driver of potential hazards and activate protective measures before an impact occurs. The system is particularly beneficial for commercial vehicles such as vans or buses that travel on the road for extended periods and are therefore at higher risk of windshield collisions.

[0058] In summary, this occupant protection system represents a significant advancement in vehicle safety technology. By specifically addressing the risks associated with windshield impacts, it fills a crucial gap in existing safety systems. The multi-sensor approach, the graduated response capabilities, and the integration with other vehicle safety systems make the present invention a versatile and effective solution for improving occupant safety across a wide range of vehicles and driving conditions. The embodiments of the present invention described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting. Other embodiments are possible, and modifications to the embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.As such, these embodiments are merely an illustration of the inventive concepts contained herein. REFERENCE MARK LIST 100 System 102 First group of sensors 104 camera units 106 Radar sensor 108 glass breakage detection sensors 110 Second set of sensors 112 sensors for monitoring vehicle behavior 114 Speed ​​monitoring unit 116 Control unit 118 processor 120 Automatic emergency braking system 122 Pre-safe System 124 Pre-Crash System 126 Warning unit 128 Airbag control unit

Claims

[1] System (100) for occupant protection in the event of a vehicle windscreen impact, the system (100) comprising: a first group of sensors (102); and a control unit (116) comprising a processor (118) configured to execute one or more instructions to: to determine, on the basis of data received from the first set of sensors (102), whether at least one potential hazard is approaching from at least one front windscreen or rear windscreen of the vehicle, or whether at least one potential hazard is penetrating the front windscreen; and to implement at least one active or passive security measure or a change in user behavior. [2] System (100) according to claim 1, wherein the first set of sensors (102) comprises: at least one camera unit (104) and at least one radar sensor (106) configured to monitor at least one front side area or one rear side area of ​​a vehicle while it is in motion; and one or more glass breakage detection sensors (108) arranged on the front windshield and configured to detect glass breakage of the front windshield, wherein the one or more glass breakage detection sensors (108) comprise one or more low-frequency glass breakage detection sensors and one or more high-frequency glass breakage detection sensors, wherein the one or more low-frequency glass breakage detection sensors are configured to detect an initial low-frequency bending of a glass of the front windscreen prior to breakage, and the one or more high-frequency glass breakage detection sensors are configured to detect a high-frequency noise generated upon glass breakage. [3] System (100) according to claim 2, wherein the control unit is configured such that it: Performing the active safety operation by simultaneously activating an automatic emergency braking system (120) to reduce a vehicle's speed to a controlled stop and a Pre-Safe system (122) to tighten a seat belt around an occupant to a first predefined safety level when at least one potential hazard approaches the windshield, wherein the control unit (116) determines, on the basis of data from the at least one camera unit (104) and the at least one radar sensor (106), whether the at least one potential hazard is approaching the front windscreen. [4] System (100) according to claim 2, wherein the control unit (116) is configured such that it: Performing the passive safety operation by simultaneously activating an automatic emergency braking system (120) to reduce a vehicle's speed to a controlled stop and a pre-crash system (124) to tighten a seat belt around an occupant to a second predefined safety level when at least one potential hazard breaks the windshield, wherein the control unit (116) determines, on the basis of data from the at least one camera unit (104), the at least one radar sensor (106) and the one or more glass breakage detection sensors (108), whether the at least one potential hazard will break the front windscreen. [5] System (100) according to claim 3, wherein the first predefined safety level provides for a tightening of the safety belt at a first predefined tension level, and a second predefined safety level provides for a tightening of the safety belt at a second predefined tension level, wherein the second predefined tension level is greater than the first predefined tension level. [6] System (100) according to claim 2, wherein the control unit (116) is configured to activate a warning unit (126) when the at least one potential hazard approaches the rear windshield, wherein the control unit (116) determines whether the at least one potential hazard is approaching the rear windshield based on data from the at least one camera unit (104) and the at least one radar sensor (106). [7] System (100) according to claim 1, further comprising a second set of sensors (110) configured to monitor the vehicle's performance during an event prior to an accident, wherein the second set of sensors (110) comprises one or more sensors (112) for monitoring vehicle behavior, wherein the control unit (116) is configured to determine a subsequent collision of the vehicle based on data received from the at least one camera unit (104), the at least one radar sensor (106), the one or more glass breakage detection sensors (108) and the second set of sensors (110), and activates an airbag control unit (128), thereby causing the deployment of airbags to protect the occupants. [8] System (100) according to claim 1 further comprises a speed monitoring unit (114) configured to continuously monitor the speed of the vehicle, wherein the control unit (116) is configured to perform a safety operation when the speed of the vehicle exceeds a predefined speed level, wherein the safety operation is an active safety operation, a passive safety operation or an alarm. [9] System (100) according to claim 1, wherein the control unit (116) is configured to deactivate the Pre-Safe system (122) and the Pre-Safe system (124) when the vehicle is stationary. [10] Method for protecting occupants in the event of a vehicle windshield impact, the method comprising: Determine whether at least one potential hazard is approaching at least one of the vehicle's windshields or whether the at least one potential hazard breaks through the windshield, based on data received from a first set of sensors (102); and Implementation of at least one active or passive security measure or the modification of a user.

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