Planar Dynamic Sound Transducer

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a planar dynamic sound transducer.

[0002] To generate sound, for example in loudspeakers, so-called sound transducers are used as sound sources, which convert electrical voltage into acoustic signals. Conversely, a sound transducer can also convert acoustic signals as alternating sound pressures into electrical signals or electrical voltage, which is implemented, for example, in microphones. This can be done according to different principles. 1. Dynamic transducers

[0003] Electrodynamic loudspeakers, also known as dynamic loudspeakers, are widely used today. They operate on the electrodynamic principle, which involves placing an electrical conductor within a magnetic field. This field can be generated by either a magnetic coil or a permanent magnet. When an electric current is applied to the conductor, the Lorentz force causes it to move, a movement that depends on the direction of the current. This movement is then transmitted, usually via a diaphragm, to the surrounding air, generating sound waves as acoustic signals. Sound waves can also be captured in reverse, as is the case with microphones.

[0004] Dynamic loudspeakers with a conical design are widely used. These consist of the magnet system (also called the magnet assembly), a voice coil, a shaped diaphragm, a suspension, and a housing or chassis. Depending on how the magnetic field is generated, they can be described as electrodynamic cone loudspeakers or permanent magnet cone loudspeakers. In any case, the conical shape of the diaphragm and the cylindrical shape of the voice coil result in a relatively tall design in the direction of sound emission and thus a comparatively large installation space. The components of such dynamic loudspeakers also result in a considerable weight. Sound generation is rather localized or point-source, which does not correspond to natural sound waves.Furthermore, the tight mechanical tolerances required between the coil and the magnet system, as well as the complex construction from the aforementioned and other individual parts, lead to considerable development and manufacturing costs.

[0005] Nevertheless, commercial products still predominantly use transducers based on the established dynamic transducer principle described above, even though dynamic transducers have disadvantages in performance and sound quality that can only be mitigated with great effort.

[0006] For example, the diaphragm can be made flat; however, in this design it is more prone to undesirable natural vibrations or modes and must also be mechanically damped and stiffened, which increases the moving mass, the inertia of which impairs the reproduction of high sound frequencies. Simplifying the magnet system, for example by omitting the pole plate or by positioning the voice coil deeper within the magnet system, results in a less focused, inhomogeneous, and asymmetrical magnetic field with respect to the diaphragm's resting position, leading to lower efficiency and increased nonlinearities and acoustic distortion. Approaches to generate the driving force radially to the diaphragm axis and mechanically redirect it axially (see, for example, WO 2011 / 013223 A1) result in a significantly more complex design, coupled with considerably increased costs for the components and their assembly.

[0007] US Patent 2015 / 256912 A1 presents an example of a dynamic loudspeaker with a flat diaphragm integrated into a larger structure. A trim panel from an automotive interior features an opening into which a flat loudspeaker diaphragm, consisting of a circumferential elastic surround and a rigid diaphragm panel, is inserted. Bridge-shaped struts are mounted on the back of the trim panel, spanning the diaphragm opening. An electromagnetic actuator is mounted centrally on these struts, and its voice coil deflects the diaphragm from its rest position to produce sound. While some progress can be made regarding the overall depth and complexity of the assembly, the aforementioned disadvantages of a flat diaphragm design persist, and a large number of individual components are still required, which must be prefabricated separately and then assembled. 2. Electrostatic transducers

[0008] Another sound conversion principle involves electrostatic systems, which consist of one or two planar electrode grids and a flat, stretched membrane film positioned between them. Using a comparatively high polarization voltage, modulated by the desired signal, electrostatic forces are generated between the membrane and the electrodes, causing the membrane to deflect perpendicular to its surface and producing sound.

[0009] The objectives of a flat design and relatively simple construction, relevant for many applications, are achieved here. Therefore, prior art includes applications of this principle for sound reinforcement in the interior of a car, e.g., in DE102006045385A1. However, during operation, there is a risk that the diaphragm, due to excessive deflection or external air pressure fluctuations, may come into contact with one of the electrodes and adhere to it electrostatically until the polarization voltage is switched off.

[0010] To reduce this risk of interruption, other measures are required, such as additional electrical insulation, multi-layered membrane construction, or high mechanical membrane tension. These increase manufacturing costs and impair acoustic performance (reduced efficiency, mass damping at high vibration frequencies, reduced bass response due to a high fundamental resonance frequency). Furthermore, disadvantages arise from the electrical polarization voltage, which is typically several hundred volts. In the event of a malfunction, this can pose a danger or impairment to people or technical systems. Additionally, parasitic electrical effects in the supply lines lead to a significant voltage drop, which depends on the line length and must be compensated for through technical measures, such as even higher source voltages or complex line designs.Alternatively, the high-voltage source can be positioned in close proximity to the transducer, but this requires additional power supply lines and extra installation space. Therefore, each of these options has significant disadvantages, especially in applications such as the interior of a vehicle. 3. Surface oscillator

[0011] Another approach involves planar oscillators, bending wave transducers, and similar systems. Here, a planar solid is excited to vibrations or bending waves by one or more point actuators, which in turn lead to sound radiation.

[0012] A disadvantage of this approach is that significant design and signal processing measures are required to achieve sufficiently controlled acoustic behavior in the vibrating surface. Excessive or nonlinear resonance must be avoided at the frequencies corresponding to the surface's natural modes, and the sound radiation output should drop off as little as possible between these frequencies. The latter is technically challenging, especially at high frequencies, due to the comparatively large vibrating mass.

[0013] Particularly efficient use of space is achieved when existing surfaces, such as those from screens, furniture, vehicle interior trim, or body panels, are utilized. Examples of this are US 6,181,797 B1 (automobiles) and US 6,332,029 B1 (screens and other applications). However, this multiple use necessitates functional and structural compromises. The shape, assembly, thickness, and material composition, as well as the positioning of the actuators, can generally only be optimized to a very limited extent for acoustic performance, and the required vibrations may be detrimental to the original functions or the longevity of the flat component. Furthermore, long-term aging of the component can significantly impair its vibration characteristics, for example, changes in elasticity (embrittlement or softening), mechanical tolerances, or coupling.Connection with adjacent components. 4. Planar dynamic principle

[0014] Planar dynamic transducers have also been known for some time. These essentially consist of one or two planar magnet arrangements, parallel to or between which a diaphragm with conductive traces applied to it is positioned. When current flows through them, the electrically conductive traces interact with the field of the multipolar magnet arrangements and generate a force acting perpendicular to the plane of the diaphragm. This causes the diaphragm to deflect elastically, generating an air displacement and thus sound pressure.

[0015] This allows planar dynamic transducers to typically be thinner than conical dynamic transducers, although planar dynamic transducers occupy a greater length and width in the diaphragm plane. The larger radiating area of ​​planar dynamic transducers requires less excursion and is therefore subject to less distortion. Furthermore, a comparatively large sound radiation pattern is achieved, which corresponds more closely to the conditions in natural sound fields than the more point source of sound represented by a conical dynamic transducer. Another advantage of planar dynamic transducers is the generally significantly lower mass of the diaphragm and the planar conductive traces, which results in improved radiation characteristics for impulses, transients, and high-frequency components.

[0016] In other words, planar dynamic transducers, also known as orthodynamic or isodynamic transducers, have a flat diaphragm with electrical conductors on it, positioned parallel to and close to a magnet array. The magnet array generates a multipolar magnetic field such that the field lines in the area of ​​the conductors are tangential to the diaphragm and perpendicular to the conductors. When current flows through the conductors, a force normal to the diaphragm is generated, causing it to deflect and produce sound. Such a transducer can be used in loudspeakers and headphones as a sound source, and in reverse operation—that is, by deflecting the diaphragm in response to sound and thereby inducing an alternating current—it can also be used as a microphone.

[0017] In planar dynamic transducers, the magnet arrays typically consist of numerous components, including magnet bars or rings, mounting frames, stiffeners, adhesives, and the like, which must be manufactured and assembled individually. Conventional magnet arrays in planar dynamic transducers, for example, use simple bar magnets with a north pole on one long side and a south pole on the opposite long side. These pre-magnetized bars must be inserted into a mounting with alternating orientations and glued to it, which involves assembly effort and material usage. Additional components such as spacers, contact elements, and the like are usually also required.

[0018] In any case, the final step is the assembly of the aforementioned components into the planar dynamic transducer, which is then mounted in the final product, such as a loudspeaker, headphones, microphone, or similar device. This process involves the use of mounting brackets, frames, screws, and the like, as well as acoustically effective components such as fabrics, resonators, foams, or so-called acoustic metamaterials. 5. Planar dynamic principle with separate magnets

[0019] US Patent 5,901,235 A describes a planar magnetic transducer with diaphragms on which electrical conductors are located, mounted in frames such that spaced-apart magnets are arranged on opposite sides of the central sound-generating surface areas of the diaphragms by means of metallic support grids.

[0020] US Patent 2015 110 339 A1 describes a planar electroacoustic multi-diaphragm transducer with a plurality of diaphragms arranged in one or more diaphragm modules. Each diaphragm module comprises at least one diaphragm, each held taut by a frame.

[0021] US Patent 2018 / 0084346 A1 describes a planar loudspeaker assembly comprising a housing, a first magnet assembly, and a diaphragm. The housing has a receptacle and a bottom wall. The first magnet assembly is located on the bottom wall and is situated within the receptacle. The diaphragm is located within the receptacle and is positioned above the first magnet assembly. The diaphragm comprises a substrate and a planar coil. The planar coil is mounted flat on the substrate.

[0022] US Patent 10,003,876 B2 describes a planar magnetic headphone consisting of a single layer of parallel, elongated magnets spaced apart and resting on a magnet mounting matrix. The mounting matrix can be made of plastic or a permeable metal plate, with the magnets located on the inside (ear-facing) of the plate. On the inside of the magnets is a plastic damping matrix supporting a first continuous disc-shaped damping diaphragm. A serpentine conductive track is mounted on a thin diaphragm located outside the magnets. This track excites the magnets and moves the diaphragm to produce sound according to the current in the conductive track. A second continuous disc-shaped damping diaphragm is located further outside the conductive track and attached to an outer hard plastic cover.

[0023] DE 10 2017 102 159 A1 describes a planar dynamic transducer, which often consists of two opposing magnet arrays, each with several parallel magnet bars, and a diaphragm with a flat coil positioned between them. The plane of the magnet array is parallel to the plane of the diaphragm. The resulting repulsive forces between the two magnet arrays, as well as the connecting elements used to fix the array, can cause stresses, twisting, deflection, and similar issues. Conventionally, the diaphragm is either fixed directly to the magnet mount or to a separate component, such as a support frame. In this case, the mechanical stresses are transferred to the very thin, pre-stressed diaphragm, impairing its flatness and / or the homogeneity of the mechanical stress.In the present planar dynamic transducer, comprising a first planar magnet arrangement, a mounting element, a diaphragm with conductive traces, and at least one diaphragm support frame, the diaphragm support frame is clamped between the magnet arrangement and the mounting element. An elastic decoupling element is located between the diaphragm support frame and the first magnet arrangement and / or between the diaphragm support frame and the mounting element.

[0024] US 2014 / 0270326 A1 describes a planar magnetic transducer with a frame and a primary magnet array consisting of elongated magnets. This array is adjacent to a first surface of a movable section of a thin-film or thin-structure membrane with conductive traces embedded in the membrane, and is separated from the first surface by an air gap. An additional pair of magnet sources is mounted on the frame outside the vibrating region of the membrane and above the plane of the opposite, second surface of the membrane. This additional pair amplifies the magnetic energy near the second surface of the membrane, without any magnet arrays being located directly in front of the second surface of the vibrating region between the additional pair of magnet sources.

[0025] As is known from relevant material data sheets, the typically used neodymium (Nd₂Fe₁₄B) magnetic rods (this also applies analogously to other designs such as rings, etc.) require a very high magnetic field strength H, e.g., 2,400 kA / m, to be fully magnetized or polarized, or even to the point of saturation, due to their high coercive field strength, which is associated with the desired high energy density. Such field strengths, even if only required in pulses, can only be generated by magnetizing devices (electromagnets in the form of solenoids or other shaped coils) whose dimensions significantly exceed those of the component to be magnetized.

[0026] Combined with the requirement that the magnetic bars must be arranged with alternating polarity, it follows that the magnetic bars must be individually magnetized before assembly. During assembly or positioning in a mounting fixture or injection mold, the magnetic bars are therefore in a magnetized state and thus, depending on their relative position to each other and to other ferromagnetic components or tools, exert considerable mechanical repulsive or attractive forces. For example, the force between two magnetic bars made of the common neodymium alloy "N45," each measuring 2 x 4 x 40 mm, is approximately 40 N at contact, and already 10 N at a distance of 2 mm.

[0027] To partially address this problem, US Patent 2005 / 036646 A1, Figures 42 to 44, depict support grids with pins or ribs projecting perpendicular to the surface. These impede lateral movement of the magnetic rods due to repulsive / attractive forces until the adhesive between the magnetic rods and the support grid has cured. In particular, a constant attractive force exists between planarly adjacent, parallel magnetic rods, which typically have alternating polarity. This force must be countered appropriately to maintain the desired position and spacing between the magnetic rods. However, as additional magnetic rods are added, they exert forces in the opposite direction, which can lift the already positioned rods out of place or twist them (especially if they rest on non-magnetic material) unless further measures are taken for temporary fixation.

[0028] Another problem lies in the high brittleness and fragility, as well as the very low elasticity, of the magnetic rods due to their powder metallurgy manufacturing process. This often leads to the rods breaking and splintering in the event of an uncontrolled collision or other increased force, resulting in material waste and endangering people and equipment from flying fragments or crushing injuries. All of the aforementioned properties of the magnetic rods result in considerable effort during their storage, removal, manipulation, positioning, and temporary fixation until they are finally secured in their final position, for example, by clamping or bonding to a support element or by plastic overmolding.

[0029] Additional effort and costs arise with planar dynamic sound transducers according to the state of the art due to the multi-part construction consisting of a support system for the magnet rods, a support system for the membrane film, electrical connections, mechanical interfaces to the housing and other components, protective grille and baffle or housing.

[0030] WO 03 / 094571 A2 describes in Figures 15-27 to 15-29 and the accompanying description an assembly method in which magnetic bars (15-2704, 15-2904) are positioned in the cavity of an injection mold and fixed there by spring pins (15-2900). How these potentially conflicting steps (positioning, fixing, and the subsequent closing of the injection mold) are to be carried out is not explained in detail, despite comprehensive manufacturing process descriptions elsewhere in WO 03 / 094571 A2. The need for fixing described here further illustrates the problem of magnetic attraction forces discussed above.

[0031] Additionally, the cavity wall, which is not described in more detail, could be made of ferromagnetic steel; the resulting attractive forces to the wall would then support the temporary fixation of the magnetic rods, but at the same time pose the risk of material breakage of the magnetic rods during insertion due to too rapid an impact on the cavity wall and would also make demolding the assembly much more difficult, whereby the magnetic rods could be broken out of the plastic if they adhere more strongly (magnetically) to the cavity wall or the ejectors than to the adjacent plastic parts.

[0032] In the next step, the magnetic rods of WO 03 / 094571 A2 are assembled into a module by overmolding them with a suitable plastic, thereby permanently fixing their relative position and simultaneously forming an acoustically open support grid (15-2600). The magnetic rods also have internal slots (15-2800) which are filled with the plasticized material to achieve a positive fit. This again indicates that the material bond between the plastic and the typically smooth (e.g., nickel-plated) and unheated surface of the magnetic rods is insufficient, comparable to the desired low adhesion between the plastic and the cavity wall.

[0033] The additional mechanical processing step required to create the slots in the brittle magnetic bars is generally very costly, due in part to the necessary slow processing speed and / or the increased scrap rate. The significant cost of mechanically processing the magnetic bars is also demonstrated by the statement in WO 03 / 094571 A2, which states that the alignment of the magnetic bars on the cavity wall shown in Fig. 15-29 is advantageous in order to compensate for larger thickness tolerances that may arise during the manufacturing of the magnetic bars in order to save costs. 6. Planar dynamic principle with magnetic disk

[0034] To simplify the design and manufacturing processes, planar dynamic transducers are known that use a grid or perforated disc made of a continuous hard magnetic material. While this does incur investment costs for a casting tool, it also simplifies assembly, as only a single, usually unmagnetized and therefore easy-to-handle magnetic component is required. The subsequent magnetization step ensures the reproducible relative and absolute positioning of the magnetic poles.

[0035] In the prior art, however, this grid has exclusively magnetic functions, therefore it always requires a separate support to provide the mechanical coupling to the other components.

[0036] JP 2008 113365 A shows such a sound transducer with a perforated magnetic disk (22a, 22b) held by carrier grids (24a, 24b). The sound transducer here consists of seven components, plus components for electrical and mechanical contacting.

[0037] US Patent 3,674,946A describes a planar dynamic transducer that uses an elastic, prefabricated, and multipole magnetized magnetic material ("Plastiform," e.g., type 1037), which is perforated and cut by stamping and similar processes. This material consists of barium ferrite bonded in rubber with a low energy product of only about 1.1 MGOe. This comparatively weak magnetic material was chosen because it is very easy to process, assemble, and adapt to the shape of a non-planar support grid, for example, through magnetic attraction between the magnetic material and the support grid. However, the magnetic field thus provided for driving the transducer is considerably weaker than that of other materials available at the time of filing US Patent 3,674,946A, and considerably weaker again than that of modern neodymium magnets, which have an energy product of up to 52 MGOe.Due to the high elasticity of the magnetic material, the use of supporting structures and other assembly components is essential.

[0038] In a later patent application by the same inventor (US 4,471,173 A), in addition to the aforementioned elastic magnetic material, stronger rare-earth materials such as samarium-cobalt are also mentioned, as well as the production of a perforated magnetic disk by unspecified forming ("molded to the shape illustrated") or die-cutting. This magnetic disk represents an alternative to the individual magnetic strips used in the other illustrations of US 4,471,173 A and thus also requires a separate support grid and other discrete components.

[0039] Another variation of an acoustically opened magnetic disk is described in US 10,455,343 B2. The magnetic disk 14 shown there is manufactured in one piece, has exclusively magnetic functionality, and is supplemented by a support grid 16, a membrane support ring 12, and other components. Although the magnetic disk 14 can be made of "any ferromagnetic material," the specification of a required or preferred energy product of the material between 34 and 45 MGOe limits the material selection to anisotropic, all-metallic rare-earth magnets, in particular sintered neodymium magnets (Nd₂Fe₁₄B), which are commercially available in material grades with energy products between 30 and 52 MGOe. The low geometric complexity of the magnetic disk, which allows for its manufacture by machining sintered neodymium material, as well as the features shown in Fig. 1A and Fig. 16, further restrict the material selection.The homogeneous, surface-normal magnetization evident in Figure 4B indicates this anisotropic material. The alternative magnet materials ferrite, AlNiCo, plastic-bonded neodymium (usually isotropic), and sintered samarium-cobalt only achieve maximum values ​​of 5, 9, 12, and 33 MGOe, respectively, and are therefore not very suitable for transducers according to US 10,455,343 B2.

[0040] US Patent 3,898,598 A describes a dynamic electroacoustic transducer with two slotted disks of permanent magnets arranged parallel to each other at a distance to generate a multitude of aligned magnetic fields of alternating polarity in a gap between them. A main diaphragm with a flat coil is held flat by two auxiliary diaphragms sandwiching it together and arranged parallel to the disks in the gap, with the magnetic fields intersecting the different parts of the coil perpendicularly. Two annular elastic holders clamp the circumferential edges of the main and auxiliary diaphragms between them to provide the necessary rigidity to the main diaphragm. Alternatively, a tension ring attached to the annular elastic holder can provide the necessary rigidity to the main diaphragm.

[0041] JP 2010-268045 A addresses the problem of providing a thin acoustic electromechanical transducer that is easier to assemble than previous designs and features an improved design. To this end, a planar loudspeaker is proposed as the thin acoustic electromechanical transducer. It comprises a pair of covers as its housing, and four pins and similar components are incorporated within the housing. The pins are held in place by fitting both ends into corresponding holes provided in the permanent magnet plates. They act as a positioning tool for positioning a vibrating diaphragm and corresponding buffer elements during assembly of the planar loudspeaker and as a displacement control device for controlling the direction of displacement of the vibrating diaphragm after assembly. Furthermore, the pin is integrated into the housing, thus maintaining the overall design, including the flatness of the housing.

[0042] However, a disadvantage remains that such planar dynamic transducers still consist of additional components such as contact clamps, diaphragm rings, spacer rings, screws and the like, which cause corresponding manufacturing effort, tolerance chains and costs.

[0043] German patent DE 10 2017 122 660 A1 describes a planar dynamic transducer containing a magnetic plate with elongated air gaps oriented perpendicular to the conductor. The magnetic plate is multipolar magnetized on one side, such that on the side facing the diaphragm and the conductor, it has at least one north pole and one south pole on both sides along each air gap. This generates the strongest deflection force on the diaphragm directly beneath the magnetic bars, where the acoustic damping is also greatest. Furthermore, the width of the air gaps in the magnetic plate can be freely chosen, as it is independent of the width or spacing of the conductor tracks.

[0044] Nevertheless, the often numerous individual parts and assembly steps of planar dynamic transducers lead to a corresponding manufacturing and assembly effort, a variety of materials that hinders repairability and recycling (including the frequent use of adhesives), and quality problems due to cumulative tolerance chains of the individual components. This results in considerable material and labor costs for the production of this type of transducer, which impede rational production in high volumes and at low unit costs.

[0045] One object of the present invention is to provide a planar dynamic transducer of the type described above, the manufacture and, in particular, the assembly of which can be simplified. Additionally or alternatively, the acoustic and / or electrical properties are to be improved. This should be achieved as simply, cost-effectively, compactly, and / or with as little weight as possible. At the very least, an alternative to known planar dynamic transducers should be provided.

[0046] The object of the invention is achieved by a planar dynamic sound transducer, a magnet arrangement, a receiver, a microphone, and a loudspeaker with the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

[0047] Thus, the present invention relates to a planar dynamic sound transducer with at least one magnet arrangement having a plurality of magnetic poles and at least one acoustic opening, and with a diaphragm having at least one conductive track, wherein the magnet arrangement has an inner region comprising the magnetic poles and a peripheral region surrounding the inner region and connecting its elements, wherein the inner region of the magnet arrangement is offset perpendicular to the horizontal relative to the conductive track of the diaphragm and is arranged horizontally at least overlapping the conductive track of the diaphragm. Such planar dynamic sound transducers are known, for example, from US 3,674,946 A, as described above.

[0048] The planar dynamic transducer according to the invention is characterized in that the edge region of the magnet arrangement further comprises at least one mechanical, acoustic, and / or electrical function of the planar dynamic transducer. A mechanical function can be understood as a mechanical connection, and in particular a support or attachment, of the edge region of the magnet arrangement to, in particular, the diaphragm, which can be done directly or indirectly. A mechanical function can also be a spacing or contact, or lack thereof, perpendicular to the horizontal between the edge region of the magnet arrangement and the diaphragm. An acoustic function can be understood as an influence on the acoustic sound generation or sound detection. An electrical function can be understood as an electrical contact, in particular, of the conductor track of the diaphragm. Further mechanical, acoustic, and / or electrical functions can be understood as...or electrical functions of the planar dynamic sound transducer, which are made possible by the edge area of ​​the magnet arrangement, are not excluded by this.

[0049] In any case, this, individually or in combination, can improve or expand the mechanical, acoustic, and / or electrical properties of the planar dynamic transducer, which can correspondingly improve the quality of the planar dynamic transducer as well as a corresponding product such as a receiver, especially headphones, a microphone, a loudspeaker, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, the manufacturing and, in particular, the assembly effort can be reduced by having more functions performed by a single component in the form of the magnet array or its edge area, or by having the same functions performed by fewer components, thereby saving the need to manufacture and assemble additional components.Additionally or alternatively, certain design options, such as the electrical contacting of a delicate conductor track of the membrane by means of the magnet arrangement, as described in more detail below, can be made possible in the first place.

[0050] In any case, the edge region of the magnet arrangement can serve not only to connect or mechanically hold together the inner region or its elements, such as its magnetic poles, as previously known, but according to the invention, the edge region of the magnet arrangement can be sufficiently large, particularly in the radial direction or horizontally, to enable further mechanical, acoustic, and / or electrical functions and properties as described above. The design of the edge region of the magnet arrangement can be specifically tailored to enable the corresponding functions and, in particular, to implement them as effectively as possible.

[0051] Preferably, the inner region of the magnet arrangement can be positioned perpendicular to the horizontal relative to the conductor track of the membrane and coincident horizontally with the conductor track of the membrane. This can increase the efficiency of the interaction between the magnetic poles of the magnet arrangement and the conductor track of the membrane. For this purpose, the acoustic opening of the magnet arrangement can, in particular, be aligned coincidentally with the conductor track of the membrane.

[0052] According to the invention, the inner region and the outer region of the magnet arrangement are formed integrally from a single magnetic body, and at least the inner region of the magnet arrangement comprises a hard magnetic material, preferably consisting of such a material. A hard magnetic material is understood to be a permanent magnetic material, which thus possesses a constant magnetic field and maintains it permanently. For example, alloys of iron, cobalt, nickel, or certain ferrites, or even rare earth elements, can be used to form the hard magnetic inner region of the magnet body and thus the magnetic poles of the magnet arrangement.

[0053] In other words, according to the invention, additional magnetic elements as separate components, which are previously applied to a grid or the like to form a previously known magnetic arrangement together with the grid, can be dispensed with. Instead, according to the invention, the magnetic arrangement or its magnetic body can be designed both as a mechanically stable element, in particular with an edge region possessing additional mechanical, acoustic, and / or electrical functions as described above, and as a permanent magnetic element in order to combine these properties and thus avoid at least two components at this point in the planar dynamic transducer. This can simplify assembly accordingly. Furthermore, weight and / or installation space, especially in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal, can be saved.

[0054] This can be achieved by incorporating at least the inner region of the magnet arrangement with a sufficient amount of hard magnetic material to achieve the desired interaction with the conductor track, and additionally by incorporating an additional, preferably non-magnetic, material to complete the magnet arrangement or its inner region and to form the outer region of the magnet arrangement. This can potentially reduce the manufacturing costs of the magnet arrangement if the hard magnetic material is more expensive than the additional material. Alternatively, however, the magnet arrangement or its magnetic body can consist entirely of the hard magnetic material, at least in its inner region, which can simplify manufacturing and potentially reduce costs. This can preferably also apply to the outer region.

[0055] The magnetic assembly is manufactured in one piece, i.e., integrally or monolithically. This can be achieved by milling, compression molding, or stamping, but also by primary forming processes such as injection molding, die casting, metal powder injection molding, 3D printing, and the like. This can also make manufacturing more cost-effective, especially when using only a single material. However, one-piece manufacturing can also be achieved using at least two different materials in a two-component process, for example, by injection molding, so that, as mentioned previously, at least two different materials can be used in combination. For example, the interior can be partially or completely made of a hard magnetic material.This consists of the core, while the outer area can be made of a non-magnetic material, which can save on hard magnetic material and thus keep the manufacturing costs of the magnet arrangement low.

[0056] It is particularly advantageous to make at least the inner region of the magnet arrangement, and especially precisely or only the inner region, hard magnetic, preferably using hard magnetic particles, for example made of neodymium-iron-boron, which are embedded in a plastic material such as polyamide, in particular polyamide 6 or 12. Precisely arranging or concentrating the hard magnetic particles, for example by means of a two-component injection molding process, or only in the inner region of the magnet arrangement, allows the use of such hard magnetic particles exactly where the magnetic field is required, in order to keep the amount of hard magnetic material and thus the costs as low as possible. The outer region of the magnet arrangement can then be made free of the hard magnetic material, in order to save on the costs of the hard magnetic material there.

[0057] According to a further aspect of the invention, the outer region of the magnet arrangement is made of a different material than the inner region of the magnet arrangement, preferably a material with a lower specific gravity and / or a material with lower or no magnetization and / or an elastic material. This allows the corresponding aspects described previously and subsequently to be implemented in practice. According to a further aspect of the invention, the inner region of the magnet arrangement is formed in a first process step from a first material, and the outer region of the magnet arrangement is formed in a second process step from a second, different material. This can be done, for example, as a two-component injection molding process (2K injection molding). The designations of the first and second materials are not to be understood in the order of their use.

[0058] For example, in the first step of an entire injection molding process, a structural grid is formed from the non- or weakly magnetic material component, which, through its shape and material properties such as added short glass or carbon fibers, corresponds to the expected mechanical stresses and has the desired acoustic properties such as transparency or acoustic resistance.

[0059] After the grid has sufficiently solidified, in the second step a component of the injection mold is shifted to create a new cavity inside. This cavity largely corresponds to the grid structure in the horizontal plane and is located on the side of the previously produced grid facing the membrane. This new cavity can then be filled with the magnetic material component, which forms a relatively thin layer on the previously produced grid and bonds to it through surface plasticization.

[0060] In this way, the thickness, and therefore the amount, of the required magnetic material component is reduced to the minimum necessary for generating the magnetic field. Since the strength of the magnetizing field decreases exponentially with distance from the planar magnetizing device in single-sided multi-pole magnetization, a material thickness of, for example, 30% of the magnetic pole spacing is sufficient. With a pole spacing (between the center lines of adjacent north and south pole strips) of 5 mm, the thickness of the magnetic material component can therefore be 1.5 mm.The edge area and other associated elements (such as walls for forming acoustic channels or a loudspeaker housing), which have lower mechanical requirements and are manufactured within the same overall injection molding process, can be produced together with the structural grid in the first step from the same non- or weakly magnetic material component, or they can be produced in a third step from a third material component, which, for example, consists only of the polymer matrix without additives.

[0061] In a third or fourth step, after moving individual tool elements, a section made of an elastic material can be added, for example a circumferential sealing ring or elements for vibration decoupling, whereby a material-bonded connection between the elastic material and the adjacent, already manufactured section is achieved through suitable material selection or material pairing and suitable process parameters.

[0062] If possible surrounding or adjacent components such as enclosure parts or cladding were not manufactured in one of the previously described steps, they can also consist of fiber composites, pressed fiber material, foamed plastic or metal, or similar materials, which are placed in a corresponding tool cavity and are wholly or partially penetrated by the molten mass introduced in another step, or bond with it in the boundary area through surface plasticization.

[0063] The selection and sequence of the described sub-steps can be adapted to the specific design, material selection and other requirements without deviating from the basic idea of ​​the invention.

[0064] All previously described embodiments of the magnetic grid according to the invention can also be manufactured using other manufacturing processes, in particular additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing, laser sintering, stereolithography, etc., or powder metallurgy processes such as laser melting, metal powder injection molding, etc., without deviating from the basic concept of the invention. In this process, further components, such as a housing rear panel (which forms a hollow body and therefore cannot be manufactured as a whole in a single injection molding operation), can be produced in the same printing process. Likewise, the assembly or integration of the transducer according to the invention into larger assemblies, structures, devices, housings, vehicles, etc., is possible.All common joining techniques such as screw connections, snap connections, welding, soldering, gluing, shrinking, but also overmolding and similar processes are applicable without deviating from the basic idea of ​​the invention.

[0065] According to a further aspect of the invention, the edge region, preferably and sections of the interior, of the magnet arrangement were formed in a first process step from a first material, and the remaining interior region of the magnet arrangement was subsequently formed in a second process step from a second, different material. Preferably, in a first process step, the edge region of the magnet arrangement and, more preferably, parts of the interior region, in particular webs, extending the edge region inwards, were formed from a first, slightly or non-magnetic, and mechanically relatively stiff and / or solid material, and in a further process step, further parts of the interior region of the magnet arrangement, in particular webs, were formed from a second material with hard magnetic properties. This can represent an alternative implementation method.

[0066] According to a further aspect of the invention, the edge region comprises at least a portion of an elastic material. Preferably, in a third process step, the edge region was formed in sections from a third, different elastic material. Preferably, in a further, preferably third, process step, the edge region of the magnet arrangement was supplemented by one or more sections made of a preferably elastic material. This allows the edge region to be formed at least partially or in sections elastically. This can be achieved within the framework of the multi-stage manufacturing process, in particular the injection molding process, by using a suitable material.

[0067] According to a further aspect of the invention, the outer region of the magnet arrangement is designed to be higher perpendicular to the horizontal than the inner region of the magnet arrangement. Thus, the membrane can rest directly against the outer region of the magnet arrangement perpendicular to the horizontal and be connected to it by bonding, ultrasonic welding, clamping, or other joining methods. This allows the outer region of the magnet arrangement itself to create the necessary or typical distance perpendicular to the horizontal between the magnetic poles of the inner region of the magnet arrangement and the conductor track of the membrane, which is required for the membrane's ability to vibrate and thus for sound generation. Consequently, an additional component as a receiving element or support element can be omitted, which can reduce manufacturing effort. This would previously have required an additional element or component, which would have served as a support element, receiving element, or...The supporting element serves to support, receive, or carry the membrane or membrane film, e.g., by gluing it on, and its function can additionally be taken over by the raised edge area of ​​the magnet arrangement according to the invention. This could also be an element or component that, as a "loose" element without connection or gluing, creates the distance perpendicular to the horizontal between the magnet arrangement and the membrane, so that its function can also be additionally taken over by the raised edge area of ​​the magnet arrangement according to the invention.

[0068] If the membrane is positioned perpendicular to the horizontal between the magnet assembly and a protective grid, a spacer element can be arranged between the membrane and the protective grid as a separate element, component, or part to achieve the necessary distance for the membrane's vibration deflection. Alternatively, the edge of the protective grid can be raised perpendicular to the horizontal towards the membrane, as previously described for the edge of the magnet assembly, to achieve the required distance without an additional spacer element as a separate element, component, or part.

[0069] According to a further aspect of the invention, the conductor track of the membrane is electrically connected at at least one end, preferably at both ends, to a contact element of the edge region of the magnet arrangement, and the magnet arrangement, preferably the edge region of the magnet arrangement, has, preferably each, an external contact element which is configured to be electrically contacted, preferably soldered, from outside the magnet arrangement. In this way, electrical contact can be made to the typically very delicate membrane or its conductor track by means of corresponding electrically conductive contacts of the magnet arrangement, which itself is typically significantly more massive and stable than the membrane. This can, on the one hand, compensate for the comparatively thin orThe delicate design of the diaphragm must be achieved while still allowing for electrical contact of the diaphragm's conductive track, for example, through comparatively robust electrical contact elements and, in particular, solder joints. A magnetic arrangement can serve as the electrical bridge between the diaphragm's conductive track and the electrically contactable connection elements or solder joints from outside the planar dynamic transducer. The electrically conductive connection between the end or both ends of the conductive track can be established, in particular, via contact surfaces and, if necessary, additionally with electrically conductive adhesive at this point.

[0070] According to a further aspect of the invention, the planar dynamic transducer has at least one support element arranged perpendicular to the horizontal between the edge region of the magnet arrangement and the diaphragm, and which distances the inner region of the magnet arrangement from the diaphragm by means of a hollow inner region. This allows, alternatively, the necessary or usual distance perpendicular to the horizontal between the magnetic poles of the inner region of the magnet arrangement and the conductor track of the diaphragm to be established, although this requires an additional component as a support element or as a receiving element, but simplifies the design of the magnet arrangement.

[0071] According to a further aspect of the invention, the conductor track of the membrane is electrically connected at at least one end, preferably at both ends, to a contact element of the support element, and the support element has, preferably, an external contact element configured to be electrically contacted, preferably soldered, from outside the magnet arrangement. This allows the previously described properties and advantages to be implemented alternatively if a support element is provided perpendicular to the horizontal to achieve the necessary distance perpendicular to the horizontal between the magnetic poles of the magnet arrangement and the conductor track of the membrane, without having to raise the edges of the magnet arrangement.This can enable the implementation of the previously described aspect of electrical contacting in this case as well, whereby the electrical contacting can then take place from outside the planar dynamic transducer on the support element.

[0072] According to a further aspect of the invention, the acoustic opening of the magnet arrangement follows the path of the membrane conductor track at least substantially, preferably completely. In other words, the acoustic opening of the magnet arrangement and the membrane conductor track overlap at least substantially, preferably completely, when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal. In this way, unequal magnetic poles are provided on both sides of each conductor track segment and parallel to it. The field lines running between these magnetic poles are optimally aligned tangentially to the conductor track by this arrangement and exhibit a nearly constant density over the entire length of the conductor track. As a result, the magnetic material used can be utilized optimally, and a particularly uniform driving force is achieved across the membrane surface.

[0073] According to a further aspect of the invention, the acoustic opening of the magnet assembly and the conductor track of the diaphragm extend essentially elongated and parallel to each other in the direction of the greatest extent of the magnet assembly. For this purpose, at least the acoustic opening of the magnet assembly and the conductor track of the diaphragm can be rectangular or oval with an elongated horizontal dimension. The rectangular or oval shape represents preferred options for the overall shape of the magnet assembly and thus also of the entire planar dynamic transducer, in order to achieve a preferred or greatest extent. In any case, this allows the number of parallel conductor track segments and the number of connecting pieces (curves) to be kept to a minimum, which can simplify the manufacture of the magnet assembly.This also allows the number of conductor track sections to be kept low, as these contribute relatively little to driving the planar dynamic transducer near the edge of the magnet arrangement, but increase the length of the conductor track and thus its electrical resistance, since the electrical current and therefore the driving force can decrease during operation with the length of the conductor track and thus also with the increased value of the electrical resistance of the conductor track.

[0074] According to a further aspect of the invention, the edge region of the magnet arrangement has at least one guide pin, preferably a pair of guide pins, and the diaphragm, preferably a support element and / or a spacer element and / or a protective grille, has at least one through-opening, preferably a pair of through-openings, for the guide pin of the magnet arrangement. This allows the edge region of the magnet arrangement to perform an additional mechanical function, facilitating assembly by means of the guide pins and improving the fit or alignment of the magnet arrangement and diaphragm, and optionally also other elements or components of the planar dynamic transducer, by allowing the diaphragm and optionally other elements, components, or parts to be placed on the guide pin(s) and thus guided and positioned in a defined manner relative to the magnet arrangement.This can be achieved in particular by using a pair of guide pins. However, more than two guide pins can also be used, which, despite the increased effort, can correspondingly improve the guidance.

[0075] Preferably, after assembly of the diaphragm or other transducer components, the ends of the guide pins can be reshaped by applying force and / or heat to fix the diaphragm or other components in place. This can ensure a permanent hold while being simple and cost-effective. The more guide pins used, the more effective this can be; however, the number of guide pins should be limited to minimize effort. For example, using four to eight guide pins can represent a compromise between effort and effectiveness.

[0076] In any case, when using multiple guide pins, it is advantageous to distribute them as evenly as possible around the circumference of the planar dynamic transducer. This can benefit both guidance and stability.

[0077] Alternatively, if the membrane is arranged perpendicular to the horizontal between the magnet assembly and a protective grid, this can also be implemented by arranging the guide pin(s) at the edge of the protective grid, and in particular by forming them integrally there, and by having one or more corresponding through-openings at the edge of the magnet assembly. This allows the same effect to be achieved with the same technical means, which only need to be arranged in reverse with regard to the magnet assembly and the protective grid.

[0078] According to a further aspect of the invention, the edge region of the magnet arrangement has at least one receptacle, preferably a plurality of receptacles, for receiving a fastening element, preferably a screw, and the diaphragm, preferably a support element and / or a spacer element and / or a protective grille, has at least one through-opening, preferably a plurality of through-openings, for the fastening element. This can enable a correspondingly simple and durable mechanical connection. Screws can be used for this purpose, which can be particularly easy and non-destructive to replace elements, to repair the planar dynamic transducer, or to separate its individual parts and return them to the material cycle (recycling). For this purpose, such a receptacle can also be formed as an internal thread or provided with a threaded insert.

[0079] According to a further aspect of the invention, the edge region of the magnet arrangement has at least one snap hook, preferably a plurality of snap hooks, for gripping the diaphragm, preferably a spacer element or a protective grille, wherein preferably a snap hook head facing away from the magnet arrangement is magnetically formed. In other words, this allows a snap, latch, or clamping connection to be provided for holding and positioning the elements or components of the planar dynamic transducer, which can be implemented simply and cost-effectively. In particular, this allows the holding function to be combined with the positioning function in one element or in one step, which can be especially simple and cost-effective.

[0080] Preferably, the snap hook, particularly at its upper end perpendicular to the horizontal, can be magnetically designed to allow the magnetic attachment of other components, such as ear pads of headphones. This can enable additional functions in a simple, cost-effective, and / or space-saving manner.

[0081] According to a further aspect of the invention, the edge region has at least one, preferably horizontal, cavity, preferably several, preferably horizontal, cavities, which is open, preferably to at least one acoustic opening, particularly preferably to several acoustic openings, wherein the length of the cavity and / or the distance between two openings of the cavity is selected such that at least one sound frequency, the wavelength of which is in a predetermined ratio to the length of the cavity and / or the distance between two openings of the cavity, experiences resonance and / or reflection.

[0082] According to a further aspect of the invention, the interior area, preferably at least one magnetic bridge, more preferably several magnetic bridges, and most preferably all magnetic bridges, of the interior has at least one, preferably horizontal, cavity, or more preferably several, preferably horizontal, cavities, which is open, preferably to at least one acoustic opening, and more preferably to several acoustic openings, wherein the length of the cavity and / or the distance between two openings of the cavity is selected such that at least one sound frequency, whose wavelength is in a predetermined ratio to the length of the cavity and / or the distance between two openings of the cavity, experiences resonance and / or reflection.

[0083] Thus, cavities can be introduced into the interior and / or edge region of the magnet assembly, preferably horizontally and / or parallel to the greatest extent of the magnet assembly, e.g., by means of slides in an injection mold, by mechanical post-processing, or by appropriate additive manufacturing processes such as laser sintering, 3D printing, etc. These cavities can be provided with openings at selected positions through which sound waves can enter and exit. At certain sound frequencies, whose wavelength is in a specific ratio to the cavity length or the opening spacing, resonances and / or reflections can occur, which can superimpose themselves on the regular sound radiation of the planar dynamic transducer. This superposition can be constructive or destructive, depending on the phase relationship of the resonances and / or reflections.Thus, at these frequencies, an amplification or a weakening of the sound emitted to the outside can occur.

[0084] This allows for an acoustically effective shaping of the magnet array. This can be achieved using only the outer area of ​​the magnet array, or only the inner area. However, both areas of the magnet array can also be used in combination. In any case, the design can be optimized for maximum absorption and destructive interference to minimize the sound emitted to the outside. Alternatively, the design can also be such that, for example, in closed-back headphones, unwanted reflections and standing waves from the rear of the housing can be reduced. Alternatively, high frequencies, which are radiated by the diaphragm at reduced sound pressure due to its mass damping, can be amplified by resonator effects, thus creating a uniform, linear sound impression up to high frequencies.

[0085] According to a further aspect of the invention, the interior is designed to be acoustically more transparent in certain sections, particularly for high sound frequencies, and acoustically less transparent in the remaining sections, particularly for high sound frequencies. In other words, this relates to the structure of the interior and provides for a shaping of the open areas in a partial area of ​​the interior such that they exhibit acoustic transparency, particularly for high sound frequencies, while in the remaining area of ​​the grille, the open areas are shaped in such a way that they are acoustically less transparent or not transparent at all, particularly for high sound frequencies. This results in a reduced size of the sound opening, which leads to a reduction in the directivity of the sound radiation, determined by the ratio between the size of the outwardly radiating area and the signal frequency.

[0086] According to a further aspect of the invention, the planar dynamic transducer features a mirror-symmetrical pair of magnet arrangements surrounding the diaphragm perpendicular to the horizontal. This allows for a bilateral arrangement of magnets relative to the diaphragm, which can expand the design possibilities of the planar dynamic transducer. Implementing this by means of two mirror-symmetrical magnet arrangements, which are identical and compatible with each other, can enable the reuse of the same component and thus keep manufacturing costs low.

[0087] In other words, both magnet arrangements can preferably be largely identical and symmetrical along a main axis. Both magnet arrangements can preferably be mechanically reinforced by their shape and / or by embedding or connecting them with stiffening elements.

[0088] According to a further aspect of the invention, the magnet arrangement has at least one further inner region which has magnetic poles and is surrounded by the outer region.

[0089] In other words, the edge area is shaped to include one or more additional internal areas containing magnetic material and an optional receptacle for a membrane film with conductive traces. These additional internal areas can be located next to the first internal area or surround it completely or partially. By attaching a membrane film with conductive traces, these internal areas can be operated as further independent transducers. These can differ from each other and / or from the first transducer, for example, in size, grid structure, diaphragm excursion, etc., and are thus suitable, for example, for reproducing different frequency ranges. For this purpose, the different transducers can be driven with their own electrical signals containing only the relevant signal frequencies. These signals can, for example,generated by digital signal processing and subsequent digital-to-analog conversion and amplification, or by passive components such as capacitors or passive filter networks.

[0090] The advantage is that the individual transducers can be dimensioned and optimized for the reproduction of their respective frequency range. For example, significantly larger diaphragm areas and excursions are typically required for low signal frequencies, while high signal frequencies can be reproduced by a lighter diaphragm with a smaller surface area. This also prevents a sharp increase in the directivity of the sound radiation at high frequencies.

[0091] Particularly small versions of the first or an additional grid area and the associated diaphragm are also suitable for use as an electrodynamic microphone.

[0092] The various sound transducers mentioned above can also be similarly or identically shaped and driven by different signals, such as those generated through digital signal processing like beamforming or wave field synthesis, which are then converted to digital-to-analog and amplified. This allows for, for example, a controllable directionality of the sound radiation or the simulation of arbitrarily shaped acoustic wavefronts. In this way, a locally limited sound reinforcement or a virtual acoustic environment can be created.

[0093] According to a further aspect of the invention, the magnet arrangement has at least one further inner region which is free of magnetic poles and is surrounded by the edge region. This further inner region can also be referred to as a second inner region, to distinguish it from the previously considered inner region, which is the first inner region.

[0094] In other words, the outer area is shaped to include one or more additional internal areas without magnetic material and with an optional recess for a membrane. These additional internal areas can be located next to the first internal area or surround it completely or partially. These internal areas can be operated as passive radiators by attaching a membrane. They can differ from each other and / or from the first transducer, for example, in size, grid structure, membrane excursion, etc., and, in conjunction with the coupled air volumes, exhibit corresponding first-order resonance frequencies. To adjust this resonance frequency and, for example, achieve a desired low value, the preload and mass of the membrane can be varied, for example, by varying the membrane thickness or by mechanical structuring (corrugation, embossing, etc.).The passive radiator(s) can be acoustically coupled to the active transducer(s) via shared air volumes separated from the surroundings. This coupling occurs either through the membrane foil or through additional materials with mass that are permanently bonded to the membrane foil, for example, by gluing, laminating, overmolding, or similar processes. At their rear, the passive radiator(s) can be strongly acoustically coupled to the active transducer(s), causing them to resonate at specific signal frequencies, resulting in a phase shift. This generates additional sound radiation at certain frequencies, which largely overlaps with the sound radiation of the active transducer(s), thus increasing the overall sound energy output at these frequencies, for example, in the bass range.

[0095] According to a further aspect of the invention, the edge region of the magnet arrangement has at least one additional wall, which extends substantially outside the horizontal and acoustically separates the inner region of the magnet arrangement from the further inner region. The additional second wall can, in particular, extend substantially perpendicular to the horizontal or away from the edge region, which can be considered to extend horizontally. In any case, a structural and / or acoustic separation can be achieved by means of the additional wall.

[0096] According to another aspect of the invention, the edge region of the magnet arrangement is designed as a sound baffle.

[0097] In other words, the edge area is shaped to function as a baffle, largely preventing an acoustic short circuit between the front and back of the diaphragm in the relevant frequency range and thus improving the reproduction of low audio frequencies (e.g., bass tones). For this purpose, the edge area can be enlarged to such an extent that the sound generated on the back has a sufficiently long path to travel. This ensures that at the desired listening point, at the lowest relevant signal frequency, the sound generated on the front only interferes minimally with the sound generated on the front, reducing the phase difference between these two sound waves from the original 180° to less than 140° (a maximum amplitude reduction of approximately 3 dB due to destructive interference). Additional functional features such as cutouts, holes, hooks, bolts, struts, etc., can be created in the same manufacturing process.They serve for assembly and spacing against other components and structures.

[0098] Alternatively, the edge area can also be shaped to form the front and / or side walls of a loudspeaker enclosure and has features such as holes, threads, snap hooks, etc., for attaching one or more components that form the side and / or rear walls. In this way, a fully or partially enclosed loudspeaker enclosure can be created. This prevents or reduces acoustic short circuits, even with significantly smaller dimensions than those required for the baffle mentioned above.

[0099] The edge area, extended to form the baffle or loudspeaker housing part, can also be incorporated into other components, such as a flat enclosure, bodywork or cladding component (e.g., an enclosure part of a screen or a light), an outer surface of a piece of furniture or a ceiling suspension, or an interior trim of an automobile, and manufactured wholly or partially together with it in the same injection molding process, in the interest of efficient and integrated manufacturing.

[0100] Additionally, the edge region can have further walls, preferably extending substantially perpendicular to the diaphragm plane, between the drive area and the outer edge of the edge region. These further walls, possibly in conjunction with the separate rear wall, can form an acoustic channel of defined length that guides sound energy from the rear of the diaphragm to a sound outlet located in one of the outer housing walls. Thus, depending on the length and cross-sectional area of ​​the channel, an acoustic detour similar to that of the baffle described above is formed, but with significantly smaller dimensions than those required for the aforementioned baffle.

[0101] Or a resonance system is formed, consisting of the air in the channel (moving mass) and the air outside the channel in the closed housing (acoustic spring), which causes increased sound radiation at the resonance frequency.

[0102] The acoustic channel can have a constant or variable shape and / or cross-sectional area along its length, and it can be straight, curved, or angled; accordingly, a horn, an inverted horn, or a so-called transmission line is formed. These additional walls can also, possibly in conjunction with the separate rear wall, subdivide the enclosure volume to provide each active transducer with its own independent air volume, for example, when more than one active transducer is present.

[0103] According to a further aspect of the invention, the edge region of the magnet arrangement has at least one wall extending substantially outside the horizontal, which encloses at least one interior region, at least partially. In other words, parts of the edge region of the magnet arrangement can be designed as one or more walls extending substantially outside the horizontal, which partially or completely enclose at least one interior region. Optionally, this wall can also be designed as a rear wall of an enclosure, for example, connected by a film hinge.

[0104] This allows a wall or a partition to be formed for the lateral boundary, preferably as a single piece with the edge area, which can increase design flexibility. This can also increase the stability of the magnetic arrangement.

[0105] According to a further aspect of the invention, the magnet arrangement, together with a rear wall, forms an enclosure for the planar dynamic sound transducer. This allows for the creation of an enclosed or enclosed space.

[0106] Providing the back wall, preferably by means of a film hinge, connected to the wall of the edge area of ​​the magnet arrangement, preferably formed in one piece, can simplify assembly and manufacturing.

[0107] According to a further aspect of the invention, the edge region of the magnet arrangement has at least one wall extending substantially outside the horizontal plane, which forms at least one acoustic channel configured to communicate acoustically with the air volume above the interior space and with the surrounding atmosphere. In other words, the edge region of the magnet arrangement has one or more additional walls extending substantially outside the horizontal plane, forming one or more acoustic channels that communicate acoustically with the air volume above the interior space or with the air volume above one or more optional additional interior spaces and with the surrounding atmosphere. This can increase the design possibilities.

[0108] According to a further aspect of the invention, the edge region of the magnet arrangement comprises at least one surface element, preferably extending substantially horizontally and preferably forming a single piece. In other words, the edge region of the magnet arrangement can have one or more further surface elements, which can serve for mounting or integration into larger assemblies, devices, or vehicles. This can facilitate the mounting of the planar dynamic transducer.

[0109] The present invention also relates to a magnet arrangement for use in a planar dynamic transducer as described above. This allows a magnet arrangement to be provided as a component or assembly in order to implement a planar dynamic transducer according to the invention as described above and to utilize its properties and advantages.

[0110] The present invention also relates to a receiver, preferably headphones, with at least one planar dynamic transducer as described above. This allows the properties and advantages of a planar dynamic transducer according to the invention, as described above, to be implemented and utilized in a receiver, and in particular headphones.

[0111] The present invention also relates to a microphone with at least one planar dynamic transducer as described above. This allows the properties and advantages of a planar dynamic transducer according to the invention, as described above, to be implemented and utilized in a microphone.

[0112] The present invention also relates to a loudspeaker with at least one planar dynamic transducer as described above. This allows the properties and advantages of a planar dynamic transducer according to the invention, as described above, to be implemented and utilized in a loudspeaker.

[0113] The present invention relates to a loudspeaker-microphone combination with at least one planar dynamic transducer as described above, wherein at least the inner region with an associated first diaphragm is configured as a loudspeaker and at least the further inner region with an associated further diaphragm is configured as a microphone. This can represent an advantageous way of implementing or utilizing the corresponding properties and advantages.

[0114] In other words, the present invention relates to a magnetic arrangement, which can also be referred to as a magnetic grid or magnetic system. The magnetic arrangement can be manufactured in one piece (monolithically) with suitable sound transmission openings, e.g., by milling, injection molding, die casting, metal powder injection molding, compression molding, 3D printing, or similar processes, and can consist of a suitable material such as a plastic matrix (e.g., polyamide 6 or 12), which can be filled at least or exactly in its interior with hard magnetic particles such as neodymium-iron-boron. The degree of filling of the hard magnetic particles in the surrounding material can be as high as possible for high efficiency of the sound transducer, but can be adjusted depending on the requirements of the part geometry and the manufacturing process.When using anisotropic particles, a suitable magnetic field can be applied during primary forming, or in a subsequent step, to mechanically align the magnetic particles, e.g. by permanent or electromagnets in the injection mold.

[0115] Aspects of the invention may include, in particular, the following, additionally or alternatively: A planar dynamic sound transducer with a multipole magnetized grid made of a material containing hard magnetic material, essentially consisting of one to four individual parts, and a substantially planar membrane film positioned essentially parallel to and in close proximity to the grid, with conductive traces located thereon, which, when current flows, generate a force essentially normal to the surface by interaction with the magnetic field of the grid, wherein the magnetic grid has additional specific properties or shapes and / or elements or features beyond the provision of the magnetic field directly required for sound generation, which are conducive to the performance, quality and / or assembly of the sound transducer and / or the product.

[0116] The special feature of this aspect according to the invention can be seen in the design and structure of the magnetic grid for improving the properties and / or performance as a sound transducer or for increasing functionality in order to achieve greater benefits, better quality, and lower costs. Specific features are explained below.

[0117] The magnetic arrangement or magnetic grid may have additional mechanical and / or magnetic features such as assembly holes, pins, recesses, snap hooks, distance steps, support steps, magnetic poles outside the movable membrane area, etc., which may enable the positioning, alignment, spacing and / or attachment of further components or elements such as a membrane film, a protective grille, an acoustic damping material, a housing, an ear pad, a second mirrored magnetic grid, etc.

[0118] The planar dynamic transducer and the associated product can, as previously described in general terms, include additional components besides the magnetic grid that can or must be positioned and fixed relative to one another. The magnetic grid can have various elements or features that facilitate these purposes or replace some components or accessories. Examples include: a. Guide pins: These can be made of the same base material as the magnetic grid and thus form a natural unit with it, i.e., be integrally formed, or they can be permanently attached to the magnetic grid during its manufacture, e.g., by injection molding or 3D printing, for example, by placing them as an insert in the mold and overmolding them with the malleable magnetic material, thereby forming a fixed unit with it. One or more such pins can make it possible to "thread" or position the other components using corresponding holes or recesses. Conversely, such pins can also be connected to another component and inserted into corresponding holes in the magnetic grid. A combination is also possible, i.e.,For example, the magnetic grid can have a guide pin on one side and a bore on the symmetrically opposite side. A second, identical magnetic grid, rotated 180°, can then be connected to the first and aligned via both pins to create a symmetrical drive system with two opposing magnetic grids. b. Snap hooks: These can be barbs that are slightly deformed during assembly to spring back to their original shape behind the joining partner, creating a positive fit that secures the components without requiring any further steps or aids such as adhesives, screws, rivets, etc. Snap hooks can also have a guiding and alignment function, similar to the guide pins described in point a.During the initial forming of the magnetic grid, snap hooks and similar functions can be molded from the base material and form a natural unit with the magnetic grid, or separate hooks, e.g., made of spring steel, can be used and connected to the magnetic grid during initial forming (e.g., overmolded). c. Spacers and support steps: Some components, such as the membrane film, can be positioned and fixed at a defined distance from the magnetic grid. For this purpose, the magnetic grid can have a circumferential step of appropriate height that establishes this distance and can also serve as the direct support for the membrane film by gluing, clamping, or other methods. A similar approach can be implemented for other components, such as protective grilles, dust covers, seals, acoustic damping elements, etc. d. Holes: If the various components are connected to each other or to a housing, etc., using screws...To connect the magnetic elements, a conventional mounting frame can be used to hold the magnet arrangement and which has holes. According to the invention, the magnetic grid can contain these holes, which can be either through holes for screws or threaded holes (optionally with threaded inserts or press-fit nuts) for metric or self-tapping screws. This reduces or eliminates additional work, tolerance risks, and costs associated with the conventional assembly of, for example, ten magnetic rods and a mounting frame. Additional magnetic poles: Due to the manufacturing method of the magnetic grid used here, hard magnetic material is also available outside the actual drive area (near the conductor tracks) and can be magnetized if required.These additional magnetic poles can be used to attract, position, and fix other permanent or electromagnets or ferromagnetic components. Examples include steel protective grilles or ear pads with integrated steel support rings or integrated individual magnets. These components can be removed and reattached without tools or auxiliary materials, which can be particularly advantageous for the end user. These magnetic poles do not need to be located at the level of the drive area but can also be situated on elevated areas such as the top of the snap hooks or guide pins, or the outer surface of the magnetic grille, to provide this functionality where it is needed.

[0119] The magnetic arrangement or magnetic grid can have the same functionality as before, but with reduced overall weight and / or cost, by using lighter and / or more cost-effective materials or elements that are firmly attached to or enclosed by the magnetic grid and thus locally replace the hard magnetic material.

[0120] This aspect of the invention is based on the understanding that hard magnetic materials, such as neodymium-iron-boron, have a relatively high density and are typically associated with relatively high raw material costs. Therefore, in areas where magnetic functionality is not required, this material can be replaced by other materials that have lower costs and / or density. In the case where the hard magnetic material is used as a filler in a plastic matrix, the same type of plastic, but without the filler, can be used, particularly in the non-magnetic areas, thus enabling a good metallurgical bond between the areas. Other plastics, foamed materials, wood, and many others are also suitable.The non-magnetic areas, provided they are in a plastic state, can either be printed or injection molded together with the other areas using 2K manufacturing, or they can be manufactured upstream and placed as an insert in the mold or on the printing form and integrated and firmly bonded to the hard magnetic area during the initial forming process.

[0121] The magnetic arrangement or magnetic grid can have features and / or integrated elements for the electrical contacting of the conductor tracks located on the membrane film, e.g. contact surfaces, solder pads, bond pads, solder tabs, etc.

[0122] This aspect of the invention is based on the understanding that electrical contact between the conductor track and the leads can be challenging, as the conductor track and membrane film can often be very thin and temperature-sensitive, making soldering or bonding impossible. A solution according to the invention can consist of pressing flat metallic parts onto the ends of the conductor track, optionally combined with a conductive adhesive. These contact parts, or the open ends of the conductor tracks themselves, optionally with a sufficiently large area and / or thickness, can in turn allow a soldered connection with the leads and can, for example, be integrated as inserts into the magnetic grid to enable stable and easy-to-manufacture contact.This contacting method can be particularly advantageous when dealing with a symmetrical transducer like the one described earlier, consisting only of two magnetic grids and the diaphragm with its conductive track. If necessary, some surfaces of the contact parts can be electrically insulated, for example by a coating, to prevent an electrical short circuit through the magnetic material.

[0123] The magnetic arrangement or magnetic grid can be mechanically reinforced and / or stiffened by its shape and / or by elements that are firmly connected to or enclosed by the magnetic arrangement or magnetic grid in order to achieve greater robustness for demanding applications and / or to be able to permanently withstand the repulsive forces in a symmetrical design consisting of two mirrored magnetic grids arranged in close proximity to each other.

[0124] Thus, the magnet arrangement or magnetic grid for the core functionality of providing a magnetic field in the drive area can be made relatively thin, e.g., approximately 1 mm thick. However, in this design, the stability and / or strength of the magnet arrangement or magnetic grid may be compromised, as the hard magnetic material can be brittle and fragile, especially when significant forces act upon it. Dynamic forces can arise during use through collisions or drops, while static forces can occur, particularly with a symmetrical design consisting of two repelling magnetic grids. To increase the stability of the magnet arrangement or magnetic grid, it can be reinforced by suitable structural stiffeners, braces, etc. Alternatively or additionally, further components or materials can be incorporated into the magnet arrangement or grid.can be integrated into the magnetic grid, e.g. inserts, 2K injection molding, carbon fibers, steel rods, metal sheets, etc.

[0125] The magnetic arrangement or magnetic grid can be essentially symmetrical about at least one axis to allow the use of a second identical magnetic grid for a symmetrical setup consisting of two mirrored magnetic grids. For a symmetrical setup of two opposing magnetic grids, it can be advantageous to use the same magnetic grid twice. To enable the necessary 180° rotation, it can be advantageous for the magnetic grid to possess at least one axis of symmetry, apart from certain features as described above.

[0126] The magnet arrangement or magnetic grid can have acoustic properties that influence or shape the sound field, sound pressure, particle velocity or sound flux in the vicinity of the transducer in a frequency- or amplitude-dependent manner, or influence the vibration behavior of the membrane foil or other elements in order to reduce or deliberately shape nonlinear distortions or frequency-dependent amplitude fluctuations in the generated sound signal.

[0127] The magnetic array or grid can be designed for complete acoustic transparency in its grid structure, i.e., the degree of openness and / or the shape of the openings. Alternatively, it can have a defined acoustic resistance to dampen unwanted vibration modes and nonlinear distortions of the diaphragm. Or it can have areas that generate acoustic resonance, thereby amplifying or attenuating specific sound frequencies. Multiple sound paths with different path lengths and / or resonance frequencies can be implemented within the same magnetic grid to influence different frequency ranges. Furthermore, (additional) areas of the magnetic grid can be made of a different material, e.g., a porous and thus acoustically absorbing material, preferably either as an insert or via two-component manufacturing, to influence the sound flow or, for example,To reduce unwanted reflections and modes. In this way, the various dimensions of sound (sound pressure, velocity, flux, radiation) can be shaped to ultimately achieve a specific sound quality and signature.

[0128] The magnet arrangement or magnetic grid can consist of an elastic material in areas adjacent to the higher-level assembly (e.g. housing), which provides acoustic sealing and decoupling of structure-borne sound and compensation of mechanical tolerances.

[0129] This aspect of the invention is based on the understanding that elastic elements, such as foam or silicone gaskets, are often inserted between the transducer and the housing. These elements can be integrated into the magnetic grille as inserts or via two-component manufacturing, as mentioned previously, to eliminate the corresponding assembly step. The objective can be, on the one hand, sealing to prevent an acoustic short circuit between the front and back of the transducer, and on the other hand, mechanical decoupling to reduce the transmission and audibility of structure-borne noise from the housing, cables, or other components to the transducer. Likewise, compensation for potential mechanical tolerances—that is, variations in mechanical dimensions and properties during series production—can be achieved through varying degrees of deformation of the elastic material.

[0130] The magnetic arrangement or magnetic grid, i.e., the arrangement and shape of bridges and recesses, can essentially map the course of the conductor tracks on the membrane film and especially in the area of ​​the connecting pieces, bends, etc. directly or inversely, in order to focus the permanent magnetic field as best as possible and uniformly on all sections of the conductor tracks.

[0131] This aspect of the invention is based on the understanding that conventional implementations use magnetic rods that run parallel to the conductor tracks. The freedom of shape of the monolithic magnetic grid according to the invention allows it to precisely follow the curves or connections between the parallel conductor track segments, either directly or inversely, and thus generate a constant magnetic field and therefore a homogeneous driving force across the entire membrane surface.

[0132] The conductor tracks and the corresponding magnetic poles of the grid can run in the direction of the transducer's longest dimension (e.g., the semi-long axis of an ellipse) to minimize the number of parallel conductor track segments and connecting pieces (turns). Building on the previous point, it can also be advantageous for the parallel conductor track segments and the corresponding grid structure to run in the direction of the transducer's longest dimension to minimize the number and length of turns or connecting pieces. This simplifies grid manufacturing and minimizes the number of conductor track segments that contribute little to driving the transducer at the edges but increase conductor length and electrical resistance, potentially reducing the electrical current and thus the driving force.

[0133] Overall, the invention, due to its aspects and features, requires a comparatively very small number of individual parts. Accordingly, the assembly and quality assurance effort can also be very low, enabling economical production at or below the cost level of conventional dynamic or moving-coil transducers. Furthermore, this makes the significantly improved sound quality of a planar dynamic transducer accessible to a considerably larger customer base.

[0134] Several exemplary embodiments and further advantages of the invention are shown and explained in more detail below in purely schematic terms in connection with the following figures. These figures show: Figure 1 is a perspective schematic exploded view of a planar dynamic transducer according to a first embodiment, viewed from an oblique top view; Figure 2 is a perspective schematic exploded view of a planar dynamic transducer according to a second embodiment, viewed from an oblique top view; Figure 3 is a perspective schematic view of a magnet arrangement of a planar dynamic transducer according to a third embodiment, viewed from an oblique top view; Figure 4 shows the Figure 3Figure 5 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement of a planar dynamic transducer according to a fourth embodiment from a top-down view; Figure 6 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement of a planar dynamic transducer according to a fifth embodiment from a bottom-down view; Figure 7 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement of a planar dynamic transducer according to a sixth embodiment from a top-down view; Figure 8 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement of a planar dynamic transducer according to a seventh embodiment from a top-down view; Figure 9 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement of a planar dynamic transducer according to an eighth embodiment from a top-down view;Figure 10 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement of a planar dynamic transducer according to a ninth embodiment, viewed from an oblique angle above; Figure 11 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement of a planar dynamic transducer according to a tenth embodiment, viewed from an oblique angle above; Figure 12 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement of a planar dynamic transducer according to an eleventh embodiment, viewed from an oblique angle above; Figure 13 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement of a planar dynamic transducer according to a twelfth embodiment, viewed from an oblique angle above; and Figure 14 shows the representation of the ; Figure 13 from a low angle.

[0135] The figures above are viewed in Cartesian coordinates. A longitudinal direction X extends, which can also be called depth X or length X. Perpendicular to the longitudinal direction X extends a transverse direction Y, which can also be called width Y. Perpendicular to both the longitudinal direction X and the transverse direction Y extends a vertical direction Z, which can also be called height Z and corresponds to the direction of gravity. The longitudinal direction X and the transverse direction Y together form the horizontal X,Y, which can also be called the horizontal plane X,Y.

[0136] A planar dynamic sound transducer 0 exhibits, according to the first embodiment of the Figure 1Viewed from bottom to top in the vertical direction Z or perpendicular to the horizontal X, Y, the assembly comprises a magnet arrangement 1, a diaphragm 2, a spacer element 3, and a protective grille 4, which, in their assembled state (not shown), are held together by fasteners 5 in the form of screws 5. The screws 5 can be removed non-destructively for repair or disassembly. The planar dynamic transducer 0, or its corresponding elements, components, or parts, are essentially flat or planar in the horizontal X, Y and extend in an oval shape with the longitudinal direction X as the preferred direction of extension.

[0137] The magnetic arrangement 1, which can also be referred to as a magnetic grid 1, is formed in one piece, i.e., integrally or from a single piece, as a magnetic body 1. The magnetic arrangement 1 has an inner region 11, which in the first embodiment is designed as a depression 11 opposite an edge region 14. In this inner region 11, magnetic struts 12 with magnetic poles and acoustic openings 13 are formed, which run parallel to the magnetic struts 12 in the longitudinal direction X and surround the magnetic struts 12 at one end each, while being spaced apart from each other in the transverse direction Y. The magnetic struts 12 are connected to each other at opposite ends via the aforementioned edge region 14.

[0138] The membrane 2, which is designed as a relatively thin membrane film 2, preferably less than 10 µm thick, is also formed in one piece by a membrane body 20 made of a flexible material. A conductive track 21 made of electrically conductive material is applied to the membrane 2, which runs congruently with the acoustic openings 13 of the magnet arrangement 1. Accordingly, longitudinal sections 21a of the conductive track 21 run parallel to the acoustic openings 13 in the longitudinal direction X, and curves 21b of the conductive track 21 encircle the open ends of the magnetic struts 12 in the transverse direction Y.

[0139] The spacer element 3, which can also be referred to as the first ring 3, has a spacer element body 30, which is also formed in one piece. The spacer element 3 has an oval inner area 31 as a material-free through-opening in the vertical direction Z or perpendicular to the horizontal X, Y, so that the spacer element body 30 encloses the hollow inner area 31 in an oval shape.

[0140] The protective grille 4 encloses the planar dynamic sound transducer 0 in the vertical direction Z or perpendicular to the horizontal X, Y according to the representation of the Figure 1 upwards. The protective grille 4 is also formed as a single piece, forming the protective grille body 40. In the inner area (not labelled), the protective grille body 40 has a plurality of acoustic openings 41, each circular and evenly distributed, and surrounded by the protective grille body 40.

[0141] According to the invention, the edge region 14 has further mechanical, acoustic and electrical functions. This allows the functional scope of the planar dynamic sound transducer 0 to be extended, its properties or quality to be improved and / or its manufacture and in particular its assembly to be simplified.

[0142] As a mechanical function of the planar dynamic sound transducer 0, the invention improves the retention of the elements, components, or parts by providing the edge region 14 of the magnet assembly 1 with several uniformly distributed receptacles 15 in the circumferential direction in the form of bores 15 with internal threads, each of which can receive the corresponding external threads of the screws 5. This allows for simple and secure assembly. The diaphragm 2 has corresponding through-holes 22 for fasteners 5 or screws 5, the spacer element 3 has corresponding through-holes 32 for fasteners 5 or screws 5, and the protective grille 4 has corresponding through-holes 42 for fasteners 5 or screws 5, which are congruent with each other in the assembled state, so that the screws 5 can reach the receptacles 15 of the edge region 14 of the magnet assembly 1.This can allow for easy assembly with a secure hold.

[0143] To align the mounting 15 of the edge region 14 of the magnet assembly 1 as simply, quickly, and reliably as possible with the through-openings 22 for fasteners 5 or screws 5 of the membrane 2, with the through-openings 32 for fasteners 5 or screws 5 of the spacer element 3, and with the through-openings 42 for fasteners 5 or screws 5 of the protective grille 4, the edge region 15 of the magnet assembly 1 further comprises a pair of guide pins 16 in the form of guide pins 16, which are diametrically opposed to each other. The membrane 2 has a corresponding pair of through-openings 23 for guide pins 16 of the magnet assembly 1. Similarly, the spacer element 3 also has a pair of through-openings 33 for guide pins 16 of the magnet assembly 1. This applies accordingly to the protective grid 4, which in turn has a pair of through-openings 43 for guide pins 16 of the magnet arrangement 1.

[0144] These through-holes 23, 33, 43 for guide pins 16 of the magnet assembly 1 are also arranged correspondingly to each other, so that the membrane 2, the spacer element 3 and finally the protective grille 4 can be positioned and held sequentially or jointly with each other and in alignment by means of the guide pins 16 of the magnet assembly 1, so that the screws 5 can then be screwed in as described above. This can further simplify assembly and in particular the positioning and alignment of the components.

[0145] According to the invention, the electrical function of the planar dynamic sound transducer 0 enables contacting of the conductor track 21 of the diaphragm 2 at the edge region 14 of the magnet arrangement 1. For this purpose, the two conductor track ends 21c are formed as contact points 21c of the conductor track 21 and are connected in the vertical direction Z or perpendicular to the horizontal X, Y downwards by means of an electrically conductive adhesive to a corresponding contact element 17 or to a corresponding contact surface 17 for conductor tracks 21 of the diaphragm 2, so that an electrical connection exists at these two points between the diaphragm 2 and the magnet arrangement 1.Through the magnetic body 10, the two contact surfaces 17 for conductor tracks 21 of the membrane 2 of the magnet arrangement 1 are electrically connected to the outer contact elements 18 of the magnetic body 1 in the form of outer contact pins 18, which point radially outwards from the edge area 14 of the magnet arrangement 1.

[0146] The two outer contact pins 18 of the edge region 14 of the magnet arrangement 1 are sufficiently robust to allow electrical contact from outside the planar dynamic transducer 0 by soldering them. This enables the conductive track 21 of the diaphragm 2 to be electrically powered and thus operate the planar dynamic transducer 0. Direct external electrical contact of the conductive track ends 21c of the diaphragm 2 is therefore unnecessary, allowing the conductive track 21 of the diaphragm 2, and consequently the diaphragm 2 itself, to be made comparatively thin and delicate, yet still electrically contactable.

[0147] In any case, the magnetic body 10 of the magnetic assembly 1 can be manufactured in one piece, for example using a two-component injection molding process (2K injection molding), such that the interior contains a plastic material, such as a polyamide, in which permanent magnetic or hard magnetic particles, such as neodymium-iron-boron, are embedded. Using the 2K process, this interior area 11 of the magnetic body 1 is surrounded in one piece by the same plastic material, so that the outer area 14 of the magnetic body 1 is free of hard magnetic particles. This allows the desired magnetic properties of the magnetic assembly 1 to be achieved in its interior area 11. At the same time, the manufacturing costs of the magnetic assembly 1 can be kept low with regard to the material of the magnetic body 10, since the hard magnetic particles in the outer area 14 of the magnetic body 1 can be eliminated.

[0148] The planar dynamic transducer 1 of the second embodiment of the Figure 2 This essentially corresponds to the planar dynamic transducer 1 of the first embodiment of the Figure 1 .

[0149] However, the holding of the elements, components or parts of the planar dynamic sound transducer 1 of the second embodiment of the Figure 2 This results in four snap hooks 19 being integrally formed on the edge of the magnetic arrangement 10 at the edge region 14 of the magnetic body 10. These snap hooks can also be referred to as locking hooks 19 and extend upwards in the vertical direction Z or perpendicular to the horizontal X, Y. The hook elements (not labeled) of the snap hooks 19 project radially inwards, with the upper surfaces (not labeled) of the hook elements being inclined inwards. The four snap hooks 19 are positioned at the four corners of the oval surface of the magnetic arrangement 1.

[0150] The edge region 14 of the magnet arrangement 1 is flat or planar with the inner region 11, so that the distance between the magnet arrangement 1 in the vertical direction Z or perpendicular to the horizontal X, Y upwards to the membrane 2 is achieved by an additional element, component, or part in the form of a one-piece support element 6. The support element 6 can also be referred to as a receiving element 6, since it receives the membrane 2, or as a second ring 6. The support element 6 also has an oval inner region 61 as a material-free through-opening in the vertical direction Z or perpendicular to the horizontal X, Y, so that the support element body 60 encloses the hollow inner region 61 in an oval shape.

[0151] The assembly of the elements, components or parts of the planar dynamic sound transducer 1 of the second embodiment of the Figure 2The assembly proceeds as follows: first, the support element 6 is pressed onto the magnet arrangement 1 from above, causing the snap hooks 19 to bend radially outwards under spring tension, allowing the support element body 60 to pass between them. This is then repeated successively for the membrane 2, the spacer element 3, and the protective grille 4, which is then gripped from above by the radially inwardly projecting hook elements in the vertical direction Z or perpendicular to the horizontal X, Y, and thus held in place. This allows assembly without additional fasteners 5 or screws 5, which simplifies assembly and saves on material costs.

[0152] A secure hold in the vertical direction Z or perpendicular to the horizontal X, Y can be achieved, if necessary, by making the support element 6 and / or the spacer element 3 from an elastic material in order to exert a certain force from the inside or from below against the hook elements of the snap hooks 19 in the vertical direction Z or perpendicular to the horizontal X, Y. This also allows manufacturing tolerances of these elements, components, or parts in the vertical direction Z or perpendicular to the horizontal X, Y to be compensated for.

[0153] A simple and reliable positioning of the elements, components or parts of the planar dynamic sound transducer 1 of the second embodiment of the Figure 2This can be achieved through the oval shape of the contour of the elements, components, or parts, which corresponds to the arrangement of the snap hooks 19 and thus allows assembly as described above only in two mirror-symmetrical configurations. The design of the elements, components, or parts of the planar dynamic transducer 1 can be carried out accordingly.

[0154] Additionally, the upper ends of the snap hooks 19, which can be referred to as snap hook heads 19a or locking hook heads 19a, can be permanently magnetic on their upper side, so that other elements, components or parts of the product in which the planar dynamic transducer 1 is used or installed are magnetically connected to the planar dynamic transducer 1 of the second embodiment of the Figure 2The components can be detachably connected. This can simplify the assembly of the product and / or create further usage possibilities.

[0155] In any case, the following can be said with regard to the first embodiment of the planar dynamic sound transducer 1: Figure 1 The described possibilities for electrically contacting the conductor track 21 of the membrane 2 can also be used in the second embodiment, in that the support element 6 now has a pair of contact elements 62 or contact surfaces 62 for conductor tracks 21 of the membrane film 2 and a pair of external contact elements 63 or external contact pins 63. This allows the corresponding electrical function to be implemented and used in the second embodiment as described above.

[0156] As an acoustic function, the magnet arrangement 1 or the magnetic grid 1 can be designed with regard to the specific shape and arrangement of the acoustic openings 13 and the magnetic struts 12 or their magnetic poles such that the sound field, the sound pressure, the particle velocity, or the sound flux in the vicinity of the planar dynamic transducer 1 can be influenced, shaped in a frequency- or amplitude-dependent manner, or the vibration behavior of the membrane foil 2 or other elements can be influenced in order to reduce or deliberately shape nonlinear distortions or frequency-dependent amplitude fluctuations in the generated sound signal. For this purpose, the grid structure of the magnetic struts 12 of the magnet arrangement 1 can be designed for full acoustic transparency with regard to the degree of opening and / or the shape of the acoustic openings 13.Alternatively, the acoustic openings 13 of the magnet arrangement 1 can also have a defined acoustic resistance in order to dampen unwanted vibration modes and nonlinear distortions of the diaphragm 2. Or the acoustic openings 13 of the magnet arrangement 1 can have areas that generate resonances and / or reflections, thereby amplifying or attenuating certain sound frequencies.

[0157] According to the representations of Figures 3 and 4This can be implemented, for example, by providing 11 horizontal cavities 12a of the magnetic struts 12 in the inner region and 14 horizontal cavities 14a of the outer region 14 in the longitudinal direction X or parallel to the longitudinal direction X as the greatest extent of the planar dynamic sound transducer 1. The horizontal cavities 12a of the magnetic struts 12 can also extend in the transverse direction Y. In any case, sound from the acoustic openings 13 of the magnet arrangement can enter the cavities 12a, 14a through the horizontal cavities 12a of the magnetic struts 12 in the longitudinal direction X, through the horizontal cavities 12a of the magnetic struts 12 in the transverse direction Y, and through the horizontal cavities 14a of the outer region 14 in the longitudinal direction X, or vice versa. These cavities 12a, 14a are provided with openings at selected positions through which sound can enter and exit.

[0158] In this way, as an acoustic function of the magnet arrangement 1, and in particular its edge region 14 and / or interior 11, resonances and / or reflections can occur at certain sound frequencies whose wavelength is in a specific ratio to the respective cavity length or opening distance. These resonances and / or reflections superimpose on the regular sound radiation of the planar dynamic transducer 1. Depending on the phase of the resonances and the spatial arrangement, this superposition can be constructive or destructive. Thus, at these frequencies, the sound emitted to the outside is either amplified or attenuated.

[0159] Figure 5 Figure 1 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement 1 of a planar dynamic sound transducer 0 according to a fourth embodiment from an oblique top view. Figure 5Figure 1 represents a perspective view of a magnet arrangement 1, the edge region 14 of which has been shaped into a baffle 10a, which largely prevents an acoustic short circuit between the front and back of the diaphragm in the relevant frequency range. Figure 11 denotes the inner region with a grid structure, formed from magnetic struts 12 which are materially bonded to non-magnetic struts 12b.

[0160] Figure 6 Figure 1 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement 1 of a planar dynamic sound transducer 0 according to a fifth embodiment from a slant below. Figure 6Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a magnet arrangement 1, the edge region 14 of which has been formed into a front housing shell, which has a circumferential side wall 14b and bores 15 that can accommodate, for example, screws, with which the front housing shell can be connected to a rear housing shell 7 to obtain a closed housing.

[0161] Figure 7 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement 1 of a planar dynamic sound transducer 0 according to a sixth embodiment from an oblique top view. Figure 7Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a magnet arrangement 1, the edge region 14 of which has been formed into a front housing shell. This shell has a circumferential side wall 14b and bores 15 that can, for example, accommodate screws. These screws allow the front housing wall to be connected to a rear housing wall or shell (not shown) to form a closed housing. A further wall 14c, in conjunction with the rear housing wall (not shown), forms an acoustic channel of defined length. This channel directs sound energy from the rear of the diaphragm through a first opening 14d to a sound outlet 14e. In doing so, it delays the sound energy due to the sound propagation time and / or generates standing waves, thereby influencing the radiated sound energy of the overall system depending on the excitation frequency. Here, 14f denotes a raised contact surface for a diaphragm.

[0162] Figure 8Figure 1 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement 1 of a planar dynamic sound transducer 0 according to a seventh embodiment from an oblique top view. Figure 8 Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a magnet arrangement 1, the edge region 14 of which has been formed into a front housing shell. This shell has a circumferential side wall 14b and bores 15 that can, for example, accommodate screws, which can be used to connect the front housing wall or shell (not shown) to a rear housing wall or shell to form a closed housing. Two further walls 14c, in conjunction with the rear housing wall (not shown), form an acoustic channel of defined length, which encloses an acoustic mass for a resonance system between a first opening 14d and a sound outlet 14e.

[0163] Figure 9Figure 1 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement 1 of a planar dynamic sound transducer 0 according to an eighth embodiment from an oblique top view. Figure 9Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a magnet arrangement 1, the edge region 14 of which has been formed into a front housing shell. This shell has a circumferential side wall 14b and bores 15 that can, for example, accommodate screws by which the front housing wall or shell (not shown) can be connected to a rear housing wall or shell (not shown) to form a closed housing. The edge region 14 contains an additional inner region 11a, which is smaller than the first inner region 11, as well as an additional raised support surface 14h for an additional diaphragm. Due to its reduced dimensions, the additional transducer thus formed is better suited for reproducing higher sound frequencies than the transducer formed by the first inner region 11, the diaphragm support 14f, and the associated first diaphragm.

[0164] Figure 10shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement 1 of a planar dynamic sound transducer 0 according to a ninth embodiment from an oblique top view. Figure 10 shows the magnet arrangement 1 from Figure 9 , which, in conjunction with a rear housing wall (not shown), forms a housing with an enclosed air volume. The latter is divided into two separate air volumes by the additional wall 14i, which are assigned to the first internal area 11 and the additional internal area 11a, respectively.

[0165] Figure 11Figure 1 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement 1 of a planar dynamic transducer 0 according to a tenth embodiment, viewed from an oblique angle above. The interior area 11 is formed from several material components processed in the same manufacturing process, such as an injection molding process. In particular, the magnetic struts 12 in the Z-direction are only as thick as necessary to provide a unidirectional multipolar magnetic field. The magnetic struts 12 are mechanically supported or carried by further struts 12b made of non-magnetic material, which are approximately congruent horizontally and adjacent vertically.

[0166] Figure 12Figure 1 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement 1 of a planar dynamic transducer 0 according to an eleventh embodiment, viewed from an oblique angle above. 14 denotes the edge region, which simultaneously provides an increased contact surface 14f for a diaphragm. 11 denotes the inner region with a grid structure, wherein outer openings or slots 13a have a smaller width than inner openings or slots 13b in order to concentrate the sound radiation onto the inner openings and to approximate the area sound source into a line or point sound source.

[0167] Figure 13 Figure 1 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of a magnet arrangement 1 of a planar dynamic sound transducer 0 according to a twelfth embodiment from an oblique top view. Figure 14 shows the representation of Figure 13 from a low angle. Figure 13 (top) Figure 14 (Underside) show the magnet arrangement 1 from Figure 9, with a different shape of the acoustic channel formed by the side wall 14b and the further wall 14c. The edge region 14 continues outside the side wall 14b and thus seamlessly transitions into a surface 14g, which is part of a larger structure and is only simplified here as a circular, flat disc. However, it can be shaped almost arbitrarily and, for example, form the back panel of a screen housing or a light fixture, an outer surface of a piece of furniture or a suspended ceiling, or a covering surface of a door, roof, dashboard, parcel shelf, footwell, or seat of a vehicle. Further covering, e.g., by applying films, covering fabrics, or upholstery foam, is possible, but should be designed to be largely acoustically transparent in the area of ​​the sound outlets.This integration into a continuous, larger structure necessitates that the sound outlet 14e lies essentially in the plane of the inner area 11 and thus emits sound outwards in the same direction as the sound transducer. This applies accordingly when using a delay channel as in . Figure 9 depicted. REFERENCE MARK LIST (Part of the description)

[0168] XLelongation; Depth; Length Ycross; Width Zvertical; Height X, YHorizontal; Horizontal plane planar dynamic transducer 1 Magnet arrangement; magnetic grid; magnetic system 10 Magnetic body 10a Baffle 11 Interior; depression 11a Additional interior 12 Magnetic struts 12a (horizontal) cavities of the interior 11 orof the magnetic bridges 12 12b non-magnetic bridges 13 acoustic openings of the magnet arrangement 1 13a acoustic openings of smaller width of the magnet arrangement 1 13ba acoustic openings of larger width of the magnet arrangement 1 14 edge area 14a (horizontal) cavities of the edge area 14 14b lateral wall of the edge area 14 14c further wall (acoustic channel) of the edge area 14 14 first opening (acoustic channel) of the edge area 14 14e sound outlet (acoustic channel) of the edge area 14 14fer raised support surface for membrane of the edge area 14 14g area (part of larger structure) of the edge area 14 14h additional raised support surface for additional membrane of the edge area 14 14i additional wall (separation of air volumes) of the Edge area 14 15 Receptacles for fasteners 5; bores with internal thread 16 Guide pins; guide pins 17 Contact elements or contact surfaces for conductor tracks 21 of the membrane 2 18 Outer contact elements orOuter contact pins 19 Snap hooks; Detent hooks 19a Snap hook head; Detent hook head 2 Membrane; Membrane film 20 Membrane body 21 Conductor track 21a Longitudinal sections of the conductor track 21 21b Curves of the conductor track 21 21c Conductor track ends; Contact points of the conductor track 21 22 Through openings for fasteners 5 23 Through openings for guide pins 16 of the magnet assembly 1 . 3 Spacer element; first ring 30 Spacer element body 31 Hollow interior 32 Through openings for fasteners 5 33 Through openings for guide pins 16 of the magnet arrangement 1 4 Protective grille 40 Protective grille body 41 Acoustic openings of the protective grille 4 42 Through openings for fasteners 5 43 Through openings for guide pins 16 of the magnet assembly 1 5 Fasteners; screws 6 Support element; receiving element; second ring 60 Support element body 61 Hollow inner area 62 Contact elements or contact surfaces for conductor tracks 21 of the membrane 2 63 Outer contact elements or outer contact pins 7 rear case shell

Claims

1. A planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) comprising at least one magnet arrangement (1) comprising a plurality of magnetic poles and comprising at least one acoustic aperture (13) and comprising a diaphragm (2) comprising at least one conductor track (21), wherein the magnet arrangement (1) has an inner region (11), which has the magnetic poles, and an edge region (14), which surrounds the inner region (11) and connects the elements thereof to one another, wherein the inner region (11) of the magnet arrangement (1) is arranged in a manner offset from the conductor track (21) of the diaphragm (2) perpendicular to the horizontal (X, Y) and in a manner at least overlapping, preferably congruent with, the conductor track (21) of the diaphragm (2) in the horizontal (X, Y), wherein the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) furthermore has at least one mechanical, acoustic and / or electrical function of the planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0), characterized in that the inner region (11) of the magnet arrangement (1) and the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) are formed monolithically by a magnet body (10) and at least the inner region (11) of the magnet arrangement (1), preferably precisely the inner region (11) of the magnet arrangement (1), has a hard magnetic material, preferably consists thereof.

2. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to claim 1, wherein the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) is formed from a different material than the inner region (11) of the magnet arrangement (1), preferably from a material with a lower specific weight and / or from a material with a lower or no magnetization and / or from an elastic material.

3. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner region (11) of the magnet arrangement (1) was formed from a first material in a first method step and the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) was subsequently formed from a second, different material in a second method step.

4. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the edge region (14), preferably and portions of the inner region (11), of the magnet arrangement (1) was formed from a first material in a first method step and the, preferably remaining, inner region (11) of the magnet arrangement (1) was subsequently formed from a second, different material in a second method step.

5. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the edge region (14) has an elastic material at least in portions, preferably was formed in portions from a third, different elastic material in a third method step.

6. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) is higher perpendicular to the horizontal (X, Y) than the inner region (11) of the magnet arrangement (1) is, wherein preferably the diaphragm (2) is in direct contact with the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1).

7. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising at least one support element (6), which is arranged between the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) and the diaphragm (2) perpendicular to the horizontal (X, Y) and spaces the inner region (11) of the magnet arrangement (1) from the diaphragm (2) by means of a hollow inner region (61).

8. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) has at least one guide tenon (16), preferably a pair of guide tenons (16), and the diaphragm (2), preferably and a support element (6) and / or a spacer element (3) and / or a protective grid (4), has at least one through-opening (23), preferably a pair of through-openings (23), for the guide tenon (16) of the magnet arrangement (1).

9. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) has at least one receptacle (15), preferably a plurality of receptacles (15), for receiving a fastening means (5), preferably a screw (5), and wherein the diaphragm (2), preferably and a support element (6) and / or a spacer element (3) and / or a protective grid (4), has at least one through-opening (22), preferably a plurality of through-openings (22), for the fastening means (5).

10. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) has at least one snap hook (19), preferably a plurality of snap hooks (19), for engaging around the diaphragm (2), preferably or a spacer element (3) or a protective grid (4), wherein preferably a snap hook head (19a) facing away from the magnet arrangement (1) is magnetically formed.

11. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the edge region (14) has at least one, preferably horizontal, cavity (14a), preferably a plurality of, preferably horizontal, cavities (14a), which is open, preferably to at least one acoustic aperture (13), particularly preferably to a plurality of acoustic apertures (13), wherein the length of the cavity (14a) and / or the distance between two apertures of the cavity (14a) is selected such that at least one acoustic frequency the wavelength of which is in a predetermined ratio to the length of the cavity (14a) and / or to the distance between two apertures of the cavity (14a) undergoes resonance and / or reflection.

12. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the inner region (11), preferably at least one magnetic extension (12), particularly preferably a plurality of magnetic extensions (12), most particularly preferably all magnetic extensions (12), of the inner region (11), has at least one, preferably horizontal, cavity (12a), preferably a plurality of, preferably horizontal, cavities (12a), which is open, preferably to at least one acoustic aperture (13), particularly preferably to a plurality of acoustic apertures (13), wherein the length of the cavity (12a) and / or the distance between two apertures of the cavity (12a) is selected such that at least one acoustic frequency the wavelength of which is in a predetermined ratio to the length of the cavity (12a) and / or to the distance between two apertures of the cavity (12a) undergoes resonance and / or reflection.

13. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the inner region (11) is acoustically more transparent in portions, in particular for high acoustic frequencies, and acoustically less transparent elsewhere, in particular for high acoustic frequencies, and / or comprising a mirror-symmetrical pair of magnet arrangements (1) surrounding the diaphragm (2) perpendicular to the horizontal (X, Y), and / or wherein the magnet arrangement (1) has at least one further inner region (11a), which has magnetic poles and is surrounded by the edge region (14). wherein preferably the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) has at least one additional wall (14f) which extends substantially outside the horizontal (X, Y) and acoustically separates the inner region (11) of the magnet arrangement (1) from the further inner region (11a).

14. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the magnet arrangement (1) has at least one further inner region (11) which is free of magnetic poles and is surrounded by the edge region (14), and / or wherein the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) is formed as a baffle (10c), and / or wherein the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) has at least one wall (14b) which extends substantially outside the horizontal (X, Y) and encloses at least one inner region (11, 11a) at least in portions.

15. The planar-dynamic acoustic transducer (0) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the edge region (14) of the magnet arrangement (1) has at least one wall (14c) which extends substantially outside the horizontal (X, Y) and forms at least one acoustic channel, which is designed to communicate acoustically with the air volume above the inner region (11) and with the surrounding atmosphere.