Mixture of agriculturally active compounds and spray adjuvants

Abstract

Aspects of the invention include low-foaming, non-ionic adjuvants that promote quick wetting, uniform product distribution, and a reduction in spray drift when mixtures including the adjuvants and active compounds are applied to surfaces. Further properties and advantages of the inventive adjuvants include conditioning the water used in creating tank mixes enabling good results when using hard water and / or water with elevated levels of cations such as calcium, magnesium and iron and elevated pHs. The adjuvants disclosed herein help buffer the pH of tank mixes to create and maintain level of acidity that increase the efficacy of certain agriculturally active compounds such as herbicides. In some mixtures, the adjuvants also help to enlarge droplet size and / or density, helping to reduce spray drift and helping the spray to reach portions of plants or soils shaded by the canopies of one or more plants.

Description

Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 MIXTURE OF AGRICULTURALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND SPRAY ADJUVANTS RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.63 / 471,884 filed on June 8, 2023, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Mixes of compounds such as agriculturally actives and adjuvants for spray formulations and method of making and using the same. BACKGROUND

[0003] A common practice in modern commercial agriculture is the application of agriculturally active compound to soil and / or to plants. Spraying the actives is one very common method of applying the actives to the soil and / or to plants. While spraying is an especially efficient method of administering actives it not without its own set of challenges. These challenges include uniformity of application, ease of application, and the ability to control the directionality of the sprayed compounds.

[0004] One particular challenge of spraying actives is oftentimes referred to as, ‘spray-drift’ the tendency of certain actives to ‘drift’ from their intended application locus to other areas. This problem is especially important when treating areas constituting the boundary between different plants or between different farms. Spray-drift is of special concerning when using especially potent actives and / or by the close proximity of especially vulnerable plants and / or fields. Some aspects of the instant disclosure mitigate at least some of the problems of spraying at least some agriculturally active ingredients. SUMMARY

[0005] Aspects of the invention include low-foaming, non-ionic adjuvants that promote quick wetting, uniform product distribution, and a reduction in spray drift when mixtures including the adjuvants and active compounds are applied to surfaces. Further properties and advantages of the inventive adjuvants include conditioning the water used in creating tank mixes enabling goodAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 results when using hard water and / or water with elevated levels of cations such as calcium, magnesium and iron and elevated pHs. The adjuvants disclosed herein help buffer the pH of tank mixes to create and maintain level of acidity that increase the efficacy of certain agriculturally active compounds such as herbicides. In some mixtures, the adjuvants also help to enlarge droplet size and / or density, helping to reduce spray drift and helping the spray to reach portions of plants or soils shaded by the canopies of one or more plants.

[0006] Embodiment 1: A spray adjuvant comprising an effective amount of at least one non- ionic surfactant, an effective amount of at least one humectant, an effective amount of at least one wetting agent, an effective amount of at least one anti-foaming agent, an effective amount of at least one anionic detergent, an effective amount of at least one chelating agent, and an effective amount of at least one polyprotic acid.

[0007] Embodiment 2: A spray adjuvant according to embodiment 1, wherein: ^ the at least one non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: comacide monoethanolamine, cocamide diethanolamine, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, amine oxides; and sulfoxides; ^ the at least one humectant is selected from the group consisting of: urea, hyaluronic acid, salicylic acid, glycolic acid; propylene glycol, glycerin, and sorbitol; ^ the at least one wetting agent selected from the group consisting of: silicone polymers, agar, and triton; ^ the at least one anti-foaming agent is selected from the group consisting of: an alcohol, an oil, a silicone, a silicon derivatives such as polydimehtylsiloxanes, a stearate, an ether and a glycol; ^ the at least one anionic detergent is selected from the group consisting of: ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium myreth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, sodium stearte, sodium lauryl sulfate, α olefin sulfonate, and ammonium laureth sulfate; ^ the at least one polyprotic acid is selected from the group consisting of: phosphoric acid, oxalic acid; and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; and ^ the at least one chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of: 2,2’-bipyridyl; dimercaptopropanol; ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid; EDTA ethylenedioxy-diethylene- dinitrilo-tetraacetic acid; EGTA; ethylene glycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N,Nˊ, Nˊ-Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 tetraacetic acid; ionophores nitrilotriacetic acid; NTA ortho-phenanthroline; salicyclic acid; triethanolamine; TEA, 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1- diphosphonic acid, and the like.

[0008] Embodiment 3: A spray adjuvant, comprising C-12 to C-13 ethoxylated alcohol, glycerin, polydimethylsiloxane, coconut amide, sodium lauryl ether sulphate, 1- hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, propylene glycol, phosphoric acid.

[0009] Embodiment 4: The spray adjuvant according to embodiments 1-3, comprising: about 205.0 g / kg to about 215.5 g / kg C-12 to C-13 ethoxylated alcohol; about 10.4 g / kg to about 11.9 g / kg glycerin; about 3.19 g / kg to about 3.22 g / kg polydimethylsiloxane; about 47.4 g / kg to about 59.3 g / kg coconut amide; about 26.6 g / kg to about 32.5 g / kg sodium lauryl ether sulphate; about 29.25 g / kg to about 35.75 g / kg 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid; about 20.0 g / kg to about 25.0 g / kg propylene glycol; about 219.3 g / kg to about 268.0 g / kg phosphoric acid.

[0010] Embodiment 5: The spray adjuvants according to embodiments 1-4, further including water.

[0011] Embodiment 6: The spray adjuvants according to embodiments 1-5, wherein the adjuvant includes between about 19 to about 24 % of a linear alcohol ethoxylate.

[0012] Embodiment 7: An active mixture, including: a portion of at least one of the spray adjuvants according to embodiments 1-6, and an agriculturally effective amount of at least one agriculturally active compound selected from the group consisting of: a herbicide, a fungicide, a miticide, a acaricide, a pesticide, a bio-stimulant, and a fertilizer.

[0013] Embodiment 8: The active mixture according to embodiment 7, further including one or more additives selected from the group consisting of: a second spray adjuvant, a water conditioner, a bactericide, a pH indicator, a buffer, and a chelator.

[0014] Embodiment 9: An active mixture, including any of the spray adjuvants according to embodiments 1-6, wherein the agriculturally active compound is a herbicide.

[0015] Embodiment 10: The active mixture according to embodiment 1-9, wherein the active mixture further includes a diluent and the diluent is a dilution water.

[0016] Embodiment 11: The active mixture according to embodiment 10, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture includes about 200 mg / L or more of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+and / or Fe3+.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0017] Embodiment 12: The active mixtures according to embodiments 10-11, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture includes about 10 to 2000 mg / L of at least one salt.

[0018] Embodiment 13: The active mixtures according to embodiments 10-11, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture includes about 100 to 300 mg / L of at least one salt.

[0019] Embodiment 14: The active mixtures according to embodiments 11-13, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture includes about 150 to 200 mg / L of at least one salt.

[0020] Embodiment 15: The active mixture according to embodiment 14, wherein the at least one salt includes at least one sodium salt.

[0021] Embodiment 16: The active mixtures according to embodiments 10-15, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture has a pH of about 8.5 or less.

[0022] Embodiment 17: The active mixtures according to embodiments 10-15, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture has a pH of about 8.0 or less.

[0023] Embodiment 18: The active mixtures according to embodiments 10-15, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture has a pH of about 7.0 or less.

[0024] Embodiment 19: The active mixtures according to embodiments 10-15, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture has a pH of between about 5.0 and about 6.0 or less.

[0025] Embodiment 20: The active mixtures according to embodiments 10-19, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture includes about 25 wt. % of the active mixture or less than about 25 wt. % of the active mixture.

[0026] Embodiment 21: The active mixtures according to embodiments 10-20, the dilution water includes about 12 wt. % of the active mixture or less of the active mixture.

[0027] Embodiment 22: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-21, wherein the active mixture has a pH of about 7.0 or less.

[0028] Embodiment 23: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-21, wherein the active mixture has a pH of about 6.0 or less.

[0029] Embodiment 24: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-21, wherein the active mixture has a pH of between about 4.0 and about 6.0.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0030] Embodiment 25: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-24, wherein the amount of the adjuvant in the active mixture is between about190 ml to about 290 ml per 100 gallons of the active mixture.

[0031] Embodiment 26: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-24, wherein the amount of the adjuvant in the active mixture is between about 0.02% v. / v. and about 0.1% v. / v. of the mixture.

[0032] Embodiment 27: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-24, wherein the amount of the adjuvant in the active mixture is about 0.05% v. / v. of the mixture.

[0033] Embodiment 28: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-24, wherein the amount of the adjuvant in the active mixture is about 0.075 % v. / v. of the mixture.

[0034] Embodiment 29: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide that inhibits carotenoid biosynthesis.

[0035] Embodiment 30: The active mixtures according to embodiment 9-29, wherein the herbicide is pyridinecarboxamide.

[0036] Embodiment 31: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is diflufenican (N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]pyridine-3- carboxamide).

[0037] Embodiment 32: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]pyridine-3-carboxamide is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver at an amount of between about 0.05 l / ha to about 0.12 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0038] Embodiment 33: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide characterized as a synthetic auxin.

[0039] Embodiment 34: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is derivative of o-anisic acid.

[0040] Embodiment 35: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is a BAPMA salt of dicamba (3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid).

[0041] Embodiment 36: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is a BAPMA salt of 3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.4 l / ha to about 0.9 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0042] Embodiment 37: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Fluroxypyr (4-Amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy] acetic acid) or a salt thereof.

[0043] Embodiment 38: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 4-Amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy]acetic acid and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.17 l / ha to about 0.22 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0044] Embodiment 39: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide that inhibits the enzyme acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.

[0045] Embodiment 40: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is the herbicide Pinoxaden ([8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-1,2,4,5- tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate) or a salt thereof.

[0046] Embodiment 41: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is [8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2- d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.04 l / ha to about 0.08 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0047] Embodiment 42: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide that inhibits lipid synthesis.

[0048] Embodiment 43: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Fenoxaprop p-ethyl (ethyl (2R)-(+)-2-[4-(6-chlorobenzoxazol-2- yloxy)phenoxy]propionate), or a salt thereof.

[0049] Embodiment 44: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is ethyl (2R)-(+)-2-[4-(6-chlorobenzoxazol-2-yloxy)phenoxy]propionate, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.02 l / ha to about 0.05 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0050] Embodiment 45: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyrvat dioxygenase inhibitor.

[0051] Embodiment 46: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Pyrasulfotole (5-hydroxyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)[2- (methylsulfonyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] methanone) or a salt thereof.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0052] Embodiment 47: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 5-hydroxyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)[2- (methylsulfonyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanone and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.015 l / ha to about 0.032 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0053] Embodiment 48: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits photosystem II.

[0054] Embodiment 49: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Bromoxynil octanoate (2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenyl) octanoate) or a salt thereof.

[0055] Embodiment 50: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28 wherein the herbicide is 2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenyl) octanoate or a salt thereof, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.10 l / ha to about 0.15 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0056] Embodiment 51: The active mixtures according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Bromoxynil heptanoate ((2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenyl) heptanoate) or a salt thereof.

[0057] Embodiment 52: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenyl) heptanoate, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.10 l / ha to about 0.14 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0058] Embodiment 53: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is a fungicide, and the fungicide inhibits 14-alpha demethylase.

[0059] Embodiment 54: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is a triazole fungicide.

[0060] Embodiment 55: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the fungicide is Propiconazole (1-[ [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]- 1,2,4-triazole) or a salt thereof.

[0061] Embodiment 56: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the fungicide is 1-[ [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazole, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.121 l / ha to about 0.24 l / ha of the fungicide to the surface.

[0062] Embodiment 57: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits the production of acetolactate synthase.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0063] Embodiment 58: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is imazamox (5-(methoxymethyl)-2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2- yl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid) or a salt thereof.

[0064] Embodiment 59: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 5-(methoxymethyl)-2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine-3- carboxylic acid, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.2 l / ha to about 0.5 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0065] Embodiment 60: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and categorized as a thiadiazine.

[0066] Embodiment 61: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is bentazon [sodium 3-(1-methylethyl)-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4 (3H)-one 2,2- dioxide] or a salt thereof.

[0067] Embodiment 62: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is [sodium 3-(1-methylethyl)-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4 (3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.5 l / ha and about 1.2 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0068] Embodiment 63: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, categorized as a cyclohexanedione.

[0069] Embodiment 64: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Clethodim (2-[(E)-N-[(E)-3-chloroprop-2-enoxy]-C-ethylcarbonimidoyl]-5-(2- ethylsulfanylpropyl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one) or a salt thereof.

[0070] Embodiment 65: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2-[(E)-N-[(E)-3-chloroprop-2-enoxy]-C-ethylcarbonimidoyl]-5-(2- ethylsulfanylpropyl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one or a salt thereof, is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.077 l / ha to about 0.15 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0071] Embodiment 66: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is a nitrophenyl ether selective herbicide.

[0072] Embodiment 67: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Lactofen (ethyl O-[5-(2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-2-nitrobenzoyl]-DL- lactate) or a salt thereof.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0073] Embodiment 68: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is ethyl O-[5-(2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-2-nitrobenzoyl]-DL-lactate, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.15 l / ha to about 0.23 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0074] Embodiment 69: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase.

[0075] Embodiment 70: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Fomesafen (5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N- (methylsulfonyl)-2- nitrobenzamide) or a salt thereof.

[0076] Embodiment 71: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N- (methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 1.05 l / ha to about 2.1 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0077] Embodiment 72: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase.

[0078] Embodiment 73: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is Carfentrazone, (2-chloro-3-[2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4- triazol-1-yl]-4-fluorophenyl]propanoic acid) or a salt thereof.

[0079] Embodiment 74: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2-chloro-3-[2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4- fluorophenyl]propanoic acid, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.015 l / ha to about 0.05 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0080] Embodiment 75: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide is a synthetic analogue of auxin.

[0081] Embodiment 76: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2,4-D, (4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy acid or a salt thereof.

[0082] Embodiment 77: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 1.0 l / ha to about 2.0 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0083] Embodiment 78: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0084] Embodiment 79: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Flumioxazin, (2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1, 4-benzoxazin-6- yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole1,3(2H)-dione) or a salt thereof.

[0085] Embodiment 80: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1, 4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7- tetrahydro-1H-isoindole1,3(2H)-dione, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.4 kg / ha to about 1.0 kg / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0086] Embodiment 81: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits electron transfer.

[0087] Embodiment 82: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is the herbicide Paraquat, (1,1′-dimethyl[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium) or a salt thereof.

[0088] Embodiment 83: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 1,1′-dimethyl[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.55 l / ha to about 1.2 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0089] Embodiment 84: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits glutamine synthetase.

[0090] Embodiment 85: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is the herbicide Glufosinate, (2-Amino-4-[hydroxy(methylphosphonoyl)] butanoic acid) or a salt thereof.

[0091] Embodiment 86: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2-Amino-4-[hydroxy(methylphosphonoyl)]butanoic acid) ammonium salt, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.4 l / ha to about 0.9 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0092] Embodiment 87: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits Protoporphyrinogen oxidase.

[0093] Embodiment 88: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is the herbicide Saflufenacil, (2-Chloro-4-fluoro-5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4- (trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl]-N-[methyl(propan-2-yl)sulfamoyl]benzamide) or a salt thereof.

[0094] Embodiment 89: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2-Chloro-4-fluoro-5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 1(2H)-yl]-N-[methyl(propan-2-yl)sulfamoyl]benzamide, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.005 to about 0.009 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0095] Embodiment 90: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is 2-Amino-4-[hydroxy(methylphosphonoyl)]butanoic acid or a salt thereof.

[0096] Embodiment 91: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3- phosphate synthase.

[0097] Embodiment 92: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is the herbicide Glyphosate, (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine), or a salt thereof.

[0098] Embodiment 93: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, or a salt thereof, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.8 l / ha to about 2.0 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

[0099] Embodiment 94: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits glutamine synthetase.

[0100] Embodiment 95: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is 2-Amino-4-[hydroxy(methylphosphonoyl)]butanoic acid or a salt thereof.

[0101] Embodiment 96: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide is a synthetic auxin.

[0102] Embodiment 97: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is a phenoxy herbicide.

[0103] Embodiment 98: The active mixture according to embodiments 9-28, wherein the active is an insecticide.

[0104] Embodiment 99: A method of treating a surface, including the steps of: creating a mixture of at least on active ingredient and SSA according to any of claims 9- 98; and applying the mixture to at least one surface.

[0105] Embodiment 100: The method according to embodiment 99, wherein the at least one surface is selected from the group consisting of: a field, a crop, and a plant.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0106] Embodiment 101: The method according to embodiment 125, wherein the field is a fallow field.

[0107] Embodiment 102: The method according to embodiment 101, wherein the field is included substantially of undesirable plants.

[0108] Embodiment 103: The method according to embodiment 101, wherein the field is being prepared for cultivation.

[0109] Embodiment 104: The method according to embodiment 101, wherein the field is being prepared for construction.

[0110] Embodiment 105: The method according to embodiment 101, wherein the crop is selected from the group consisting of: soybeans, corn, wheat, potatoes, beans, and vegetables.

[0111] Embodiment 106: The method according to embodiment 101, wherein the plant is an undesirable plant.

[0112] Embodiment 107: The method according to embodiment 101, wherein the plant is a desirable plant selected from the group consisting of: legumes, grains, vegetables, fruits, tree nuts, tuberous plants, and ornamental plants.

[0113] Embodiment 108: The method according to embodiments 99-107, wherein at least 5 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

[0114] Embodiment 109: The method according to embodiments 99-107, wherein at least 10 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

[0115] Embodiment 110: The method according to embodiments 99-107, wherein at least 15 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

[0116] Embodiment 111: The method according to embodiments 99-107, wherein at least 20 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

[0117] Embodiment 112: The method according to embodiments 99-107, wherein at least 25 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

[0118] Embodiment 113: The method according to embodiments 99-107, wherein more than 25 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

[0119] Embodiment 114: The methods according to embodiments 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a spray boom.

[0120] Embodiment 115: The methods according to embodiments 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using an airplane.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0121] Embodiment 116: The methods according to embodiments 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a helicopter.

[0122] Embodiment 117: The methods according to embodiments 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a drone.

[0123] Embodiment 118: The methods according to embodiments 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a handheld sprayer.

[0124] Embodiment 119: The methods according to embodiments 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a drench.

[0125] Embodiment 120: The methods according to embodiments 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a backpack sprayer.

[0126] Embodiment 121: The methods according to embodiments 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a sprayer mounted on a trailer.

[0127] Embodiment 122: The methods according to embodiments 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a sprayer incorporated into a tractor or truck or pulled or pushed by a tractor or a truck.

[0128] Embodiment 123: The methods according to embodiments 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a sprayer carried or pushed or pulled manually.

[0129] Embodiment 124: The compounds, active mixtures and / or methods of any of the embodiments 1-123 comprising one or more of the agriculturally active compounds selected from the list consisting of: 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine, S-metolachlor and mesotrione.

[0130] Embodiment 125: The compounds, active mixtures and / or methods of any of the embodiments 1-124 for treating corn. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0131] The above-mentioned aspects of exemplary embodiments will become more apparent and will be better understood by reference to the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0132] FIG.1A depicts a field sprayed with sodium methylamine (proprietary BAPMA) salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and a manufacturer recommended adjuvant at a rate of 20 gallons per acre.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0133] FIG.1B depicts a field sprayed with a mixture of sodium methylamine (proprietary BAPMA) salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and the sequestering spray adjuvant at a rate of 15 gallons per acre.

[0134] FIG.2A depicts a field sprayed with a mixture of herbicides and the adjuvant MSO.

[0135] FIG.2B depicts a field sprayed with a mixture of herbicides and the sequestering spray adjuvant. DESCRIPTION

[0136] The embodiments described below are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed in the following detailed description. Rather, the embodiments are chosen and described so that others skilled in the art may appreciate and understand the principles and practices of this disclosure.

[0137] As used in the following, the terms “have,” “comprise” or “include” or any arbitrary grammatical variations thereof are generally open-ended terms. Thus, these terms may both refer to a situation in which, besides the feature introduced by these terms, no further features happen to be present in the entity described in this context and to a situation in which one or more further features are present. As an example, the expressions “A has B,” “A comprises B” and “A includes B” may both refer to a situation in which, besides B, no other element is present in A (i.e., a situation in which A solely and exclusively consists of B) and to a situation in which, besides B, one or more further elements are present in entity A, such as element C, elements C and D or even further elements.

[0138] Further, it shall be noted that the terms “at least one,” “one or more” or similar expressions indicating that a feature or element may be present once or more than once typically will be used only once, if at all, when introducing the respective feature or element. In the following, in most cases, when referring to the respective feature or element, the expressions “at least one” or “one or more” will not be repeated, non-withstanding the fact that the respective feature or element may be present once or more than once. It shall also be understood for purposes of this disclosure and appended claims that, regardless of whether the phrases “one orAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 more” or “at least one” precede an element or feature appearing in this disclosure or claims, such element or feature shall not receive a singular interpretation unless it is made explicit herein.

[0139] Further, as used in the following, the terms “preferably,” “more preferably,” “particularly,” “more particularly,” “specifically,” “more specifically” or similar terms are used in conjunction with optional features, without restricting alternative possibilities. Thus, features introduced by these terms are optional features and are not intended to restrict the scope of the claims in any way. The invention may, as the skilled person will recognize, be performed by using alternative features. Similarly, features introduced by “in an embodiment of the invention” or similar expressions are intended to be optional features, without any restriction regarding alternative embodiments of the invention, without any restrictions regarding the scope of the invention and without any restriction regarding the possibility of combining the features introduced in such way with other optional or non-optional features of the invention.

[0140] Unless stated otherwise or clearly implied otherwise the term ‘about’ wt. %, encompasses a range of values of plus and minus 10 percent of the stated value; for example, the term ‘about x.0 wt. %’, incudes all of the values of 0.9 wt. %, to 1.1 wt. %, inclusive of 0.9 wt. %, and 1.1 wt. %.

[0141] Unless stated otherwise or clearly implied otherwise all terms used in are to be given their usual and customary meanings to one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0142] The term “humectant” as used herein is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning. The term “humectant” specifically may refer, without limitation, to compounds that aid in the retention of water. Some humectants can be included in certain formulations to help to sequester free water and / or other polar liquids.

[0143] The term “non-ionic surfactant” as used herein is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning. The term “non-ionic surfactant” specifically may refer, without limitation, to surface active agents that possess both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties, wherein the hydrophilic moiety is non-ionic.

[0144] The term “silicon organic polymers” as used herein is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art and is not to be limitedAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 to a special or customized meaning. The term “silicon organic polymers” specifically may refer, without limitation, to macromolecules comprising repeating units of one or more different types of monomers and include silicon.

[0145] Anionic detergents include synthetic detergents that do not ionize in water.

[0146] Wetting agents include compounds, added to liquids to reduce the surface tension of the liquid. The effect of some wetting agents added to some liquids or mixtures of some liquids increases the liquid’s ability to spread over a surface and / or to penetrate a surface.

[0147] Anti-microbial agents include compounds that inhibit and / or slow the growth of microbial organisms. These compounds demonstrate anti-microbial activity in a concentration dependent manner. They may be present in amounts that eliminate or control microbial growth in the spray adjuvant concentrate but are diluted once sprayed such that they do not have a significant detrimental impact on beneficial microbes in the environment.

[0148] Chelating agents are compounds that tightly bind to metal ions. Different chelating agents may have different affinities for different metals, the bind constant may be dependent upon factors such a pH.

[0149] Anti-foaming agents, sometimes referred to as defoamers, include compounds that hinder the formation of foam in liquid compositions.

[0150] Polyprotic acids include acids that can donate more than one proton per molecule of the acid.

[0151] Days After Application is abbreviated “DAA”.

[0152] Area Under the Disease Progress Curve is abbreviated “AUDPC”.

[0153] The term “phenological stages” as used herein is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning. The term “phenological stages” specifically may refer, without limitation, to stages denoted as Z6.5, Z7.1, Z7.5, Z8.7, Harvest.

[0154] The term “control percentages” as used herein is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning. The term “control percentages” specifically may refer, withoutAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 limitation, to the measured number of dead pests divided by the total number of dead and live pests.

[0155] The term “absolute control” as used herein is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning. The term “absolute control” specifically may refer, without limitation, to the active being used without mixing with any adjuvant.

[0156] European Weed Research Society Scale is abbreviated “EWRSC”.

[0157] The Weed Science Society of America is abbreviated as “WSSA”.

[0158] The term “End of Cycle Disease” or “ECD” as used herein is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning. The term “End of Cycle Disease” or “ECD” specifically may refer, without limitation, to diseases that are prone to manifest at or near harvest time.

[0159] It is understood, that many of the compounds recited herein may exhibit one or more of the properties recited herein and therefore could be properly listed one or more of the categories or groups recited herein. Accordingly, a listings go ingredient should be read as an aid to the reader and to a limiting definition of how or why any given compound acts or is thought to act in any given formulation or mixture.

[0160] By way of explanation and not of limitation, some aspects of the spray adjuvants disclosed herein are thought to exhibit one of more of the following properties.

[0161] Some aspects of the invention comprise adjuvant formulations that help to create a suspension of emulsifiable liquids in mixtures that include for example agriculturally active compounds and that aid in spraying these suspensions. At least in part because of these properties some of the spray adjuvants can be used to apply foliar fertilizers and / or bio-stimulants to the surfaces of plants. These formulations may possess anti-evaporative properties that increase the efficacy of the agriculturally active compounds mixed with the spray adjuvants.

[0162] Some aspects of the invention comprise liquid adjuvant formulations that act to slow the evaporation of volatile compounds from the mixture that include an effective amount of the spray adjuvants. The anti-evaporative properties of mixture that include these spray adjuvantsAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 reduces losses of volatile agriculturally actives such as some fungicides and insecticides. These anti-evaporative properties also help to reduce the drift of these mixtures when the mixtures are spayed especially, under conditions that promote evaporation.

[0163] Some aspects of the invention comprise adjuvant formulations that when added to spray mixtures act to reduce the surface tension of the spray droplets. Spraying droplets that exhibit reduced surface tension help to spread the mixture evenly and efficiently over the surface to which the mixture is applied. This helps to achieve a uniform coating of the mixture on the surface to which the mixture is applied.

[0164] Some aspects of the invention comprise adjuvant formulations that when added to spray mixtures improve the wetting properties of the mixture. Mixture with improved wetting properties to increase the efficiency of that agriculturally active compounds in the mixture and help to effect a more uniform distribution of the applied product.

[0165] Some aspects of the invention comprise adjuvant formulations that when added to spray mixtures promotes the curtain effect during spraying of the mixture. This effect may be due in part to the formation of a fine mist of regularly distributed small drops.

[0166] Some aspects of the invention comprise adjuvant formulations that help to reduce or even prevent the corrosion of tanks and other metallic surfaces that may be in contact with the spray mixture.

[0167] Some aspects of the invention comprise adjuvant formulations that when added to spray mixtures help to reduce foaming of the mixture. This property helps to maintain a uniform mixture helping to keep various components of the mixture in suspension, helping to regulate dosing of the active compounds in the mixture, and reducing losses of components in the mixtures due to spillage.

[0168] By way of explanation and not limitation, adjuvants are added to mixtures that include active compounds to alter the chemical and / or physical properties of the mixtures. For most adjuvants there is a practical limit to the amount of the adjuvant that can be added to the mixture, e.g., for most adjuvants, past a particular threshold level, adding additional adjuvants to a given mixture may no long have a useful impact on the properties of the mixture, i.e., if 1 ml is good, that does not mean 10 ml is better.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0169] At least in part, because adjuvants act to alter the properties of mixtures, unless explicitly stated or clearly implied otherwise, the amount of adjuvant in a given mixture may be given in units such as the amount of adjuvant per amount of the mixture, e.g., v / v.

[0170] Representative units include but are not limited to volume of adjuvant per volume of mixture, for example, mL of adjuvant per l of mixture or g of adjuvant per l or kg of mixture. When appropriate, the relationship between the amount of an adjuvant in a mixture may be expressed as percent of the mixture, one such example if one Liter (l) of adjuvant per liter of mixture may be express and the percentage of adjuvant in the mixture.

[0171] By way of explanation and not limitation, agriculturally active compounds are applied to surfaces. Such surfaces include acres (or hectares) of: crops, trees, shrubs, brush, weeds, and / or fields, and the like. Depending upon local convention in agricultural the surface areas are commonly expressed in either acres (ac) or hectares (ha). 1 acre consist of about 43,560 square feet. 1 ha consists of 10,000 square meters (10,000 m2). Those skilled in the art will generally recognize that 1 acre is equivalent in surface area to about 0.405 hectares, or alternatively that 1 hectare contains about 2.47 acres.

[0172] Agriculturally active compounds include but are not limited to pesticides, such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, miticides, and the like. Especially when used for commercial purposes agriculturally active compounds are delivered to end users as concentrates. Generally, concentrated actives are diluted before they are used. In many situations at least one of the diluents is water. The properties of the water may vary from place to place and even under some conditions seasonally. Diluent water properties that may have an impact on the efficacy and or stability of the active include, pH, dissolved ions e.g., cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Fe3+, and / or other ionic species present in the local water supply.

[0173] Unless noted otherwise the term “hardwater” as used herein refers to water that has about 300 ppm or more of in total cations, including but not limited to Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+.

[0174] Unless noted otherwise the term “soft water” as used herein refers to water that has about 100 ppm or less in total cations, including but not limited to Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+.

[0175] Unless noted otherwise the term “water of medium hardness” may include total ions between about 100 ppm and about 300 ppm, for example about 200 ppm in total of cations, including but not limited to Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0176] The term “carrier volume” as used herein is a broad term and is to be given its ordinary and customary meaning to a person of ordinary skill in the art and is not to be limited to a special or customized meaning. The term “carrier volume” refers to the volume of active per 1 GPA. For example, the expression “125 ml / carrier volume” means 125 ml of active / 1 GPA.

[0177] The amount of an agriculturally active compound required to effect plant growth, health and / or control is to an extent dependent upon the amount of the active that contacts the treated surface. Generally, the amount of an agriculturally active compound in a mixture applied to surface is expressed in units of active per units of mixture applied to a given surface area. The amount of a mixture that includes an agriculturally active compound either alone or mixed with a diluent and / or other additive such as adjuvants may be expressed in units of gallons per acre or liters per hectare or some combination of imperial and metric system units. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that treating a surface with 5 gal per acre of mixture that included 1 gallon of an active per 5 gallons of the mixture is substantially equivalent to treating the same surface with 10 gallons of a mixture that includes one-half of a gallon of active per 5 gallons of the mixture.

[0178] Sprays adjuvants of the disclosure may perform one or more useful functions when mixed with agriculturally active compounds in the appropriate amounts and under the appropriate conditions. These improved functions and / or properties include those listed in the following disclosure, but are not limited to the listed functions and / or properties.

[0179] The disclosed spray adjuvant may act to sequester at least some of the salts dissolved in the water used to make a mixture that includes the disclosed spray adjuvant and one or more agriculturally active compounds.

[0180] The disclosed spray adjuvant may act to chelate at least some of the cations dissolved in the water used to make a mixture that includes the disclosed spray adjuvant and one or more agriculturally active compounds.

[0181] The disclosed spray adjuvants may change and / or buffer the pH of mixtures that include the disclosed spray adjuvant and one or more agriculturally active compounds. This property is especially important when making mixtures of actives whose activity and / or stability are impacted by pH. By way of non-limiting example, many widely used herbicides exhibit higher activity when they are applied as part of a mixture that has a pH in the range of about 5.0 to about 6.0, or from about 6.0 to about 7.0.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0182] The disclosed spray adjuvants when added to a mixture may act to reduce the surface tension of the mixture. A reduced surface tension can aid in the even distribution of the mixture and the actives therein to a given treated surface, for example, the leaf of a plant.

[0183] The disclosed spray adjuvants may act to reduce foaming in tank mixes. Under some circumstances when loading a tank, the disclosed spray adjuvant may be added to the tank when about one quarter of the contents of the final mixture are in the tank. This can help to reduce foaming and the associated risk of losing active or deploying the active under unsafe or unsatisfactory conditions.

[0184] The disclosed spray adjuvants are effective at relatively low levels providing the benefits of being able to use less of the spray adjuvant per surface area. Mixtures that include the disclosed spray adjuvant may provide effective treatment with a smaller volume of said mixture. The ability to apply fewer GPA to a given surface can reduce secondary problems with spraying, such as spray drift.

[0185] Further, the disclosed spray adjuvants act to reduce spray drift by other mechanisms, such as altering the size and mass of droplets of a sprayed mixture.

[0186] Generally, and in many of the examples provided herein, the disclosed spray adjuvants are added to mixtures of agriculturally active compounds which will be used in accordance with their approved uses and methods of use. For most agriculturally active compounds, this information can be found on government approved labels. EXAMPLES Example 1. Method Making the Sequestering Spray Adjuvant (“SSA”)

[0187] To create the adjuvant SSA, the following compounds are added to a tank: ^ about 205.0 g / kg to about 215.5 g / kg C-12 to C-13 ethoxylated alcohol; ^ about 10.4 g / kg to about 11.9 g / kg glycerin; ^ about 3.19 g / kg to about 3.22 g / kg polydimethylsiloxane; ^ about 47.4 g / kg to about 59.3 g / kg coconut amide; ^ about 26.6 g / kg to about 32.5 g / kg sodium lauryl ether sulphate; ^ about 29.25 g / kg to about 35.75 g / kg 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid;Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 ^ about 20.0 g / kg to about 25.0 g / kg propylene glycol; and ^ about 219.3 g / kg to about 268.0 g / kg phosphoric acid. Example 2. Creating mixtures of one or more agriculturally active compounds and one or more adjuvants, e.g., SSA.

[0188] A portion of the inventive SSA, as described in Example 1, may be mixed with an agriculturally active ingredient to form an active mixture. The amount of the concentrated agriculturally active ingredient in the active mixture may be in conformity with the manufacture's label instructions. The active mixture may comprise at least one agriculturally active ingredient and at least one adjuvant, for example, SSA. The mixture of at least one active and at least one adjuvant may be mixed, for example by agitation, homogenization, aeration and the like to form an active mixture. The active mixture may be continuously or intermediately mixed as necessary to maintain a substantially uniform active mixture. Mixtures of actives and adjuvants may be in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, suspo-emulsions and / or inverse emulsions.

[0189] A method creating a mixture of SSA and one or more active compound is to: a) mix, preferably with agitation, a measured amount of clean water and the adjuvant, for example, SSA. b) If compounds of differing physical form are to be mixed together in, for example, a single tank, the order of addition of the compounds is generally as follows: i) dispersible granules ii) wettable powders iii) microencapsulated compounds iv) concentrated suspensions v) suspo-emulsions vi) emulsion concentrates or emulsifiable concentrates, and vii)concentrated solutions. c) The mixes may be kept agitated by, for example, the use of a propeller and / or a recirculating pump until the mixture is deployed, for example, by spraying.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Example 3. Treatment of Wheat Crops using the herbicide diflufenican, mixed with different adjuvants including SSA.

[0190] To evaluate weed control in a wheat crop treated with the herbicide diflufenican (N- (2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]pyridine-3-carboxamide)(50% CS), about 66 cc per acre of the herbicide may be mixed with either 7 GPA and 10 GPA of SSA. As a positive control a different portion of the wheat crop may be treated with the same herbicide formulated with either 10 to 12 GPA of MSO. The water used in the mixtures may have a pH of 8, may be high in Na+, and may have a hardness of 200 mg / l (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+). Ambient parameters at the time of application may be: wind speed of between about 6 to about 10 MPH, a temperature of about 67°F (19 °C). A PATRIOT CASE® sprayer may be used to make 3 repetitions of the treatments. The mixture of chemicals may be used to control grasses and broad leaf weeds without residual control for rape weed.

[0191] The addition of SSA is expected to show better weed control, than that observed with the adjuvant MSO. Rapeseed bank in the soil may be controlled by adding 40 cc / acre of diflufenican (50% CS) at burn down and as a residual herbicide. At baseline, a faster burn is expected to occur using mixtures comprising 10 GPA vs.7 GPA of SSA, but by 26 DAA no differences are expected between crops treated with the herbicide and either 7 GPA or 10 GPA of SSA. Example 4. Treatment of Soybeans with ENGENIA®, mixed with different adjuvants including SSA.

[0192] Weed control may be tested using ENGENIA® (a sodium methylamine salt (proprietary BAPMA) of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid). Dicamba-tolerant soybeans may be treated with mixtures of ENGENIA® and either 15 GPA or 20 GPA SSA. For comparison, a control group of dicamba-tolerant soybeans may be treated with mixtures of ENGENIA® and about 20 GPA of other available adjuvants, see, e.g., ENGENIA® label for recommended adjuvants.

[0193] All test treatments may include the same active mixed with one or more of the following adjuvants: 15 GPA SSA, 15 GPA adjuvants recommended by ENGENIA® label, 20 GPA SSA and 20 GPA adjuvants recommended by label. Mixtures may be prepared using waterAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 with the following properties: pH 8, high in Na+, and moderate hardness about 200 mg / l (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+). The mixtures may be applied using, for example, a PATRIOT CASE® Sprayer, 2 repetitions.

[0194] At the time of the evaluation, 21 DAA, flowered soybeans would be expected to exhibit good weed control without good total interrow coverage. The 15 GPA treatments with SSA are expected to reach 100% of control. See FIG 1B. It is possible that the furrow fails to close because the soybeans are planted with a planter generally used to plant corn, resulting in a space of about 30 inches between rows. Results expected at harvest and weed control after harvest are expected to favor treatments that include SSA, compare FIG.1A with FIG.1B. Example 5. Treatment of barley with one or more herbicides mixed with different adjuvants, e.g., SSA.

[0195] Treating barely with herbicides is often more complicated than treating wheat crops with herbicides. Treatment of barley may include the addition of STARANE® (Fluroxypyr ([(4- Amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy]acetic acid) 48%), a hormonal selective that controls broadleaf. Barley crops are often treated with active “cocktails” such as, e.g., a combination of the actives sold under the trade names AXIAL® BOLD and HUSKIE FX®. AXIAL® BOLD includes Pinoxaden ([8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-1,2,4,5- tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate) and Fenoxaprop p- ethyl (ethyl (2R)-(+)-2-[4-(6-chlorobenzoxazol-2-yloxy)phenoxy]propionate)). HUSKIE FX® includes 2.79% Pyrasulfotole ((5-hydroxyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)[2- (methylsulfonyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanone), 11.02 % bromoxynil octanoate ((2,6-dibromo-4- cyanophenyl) octanoate), 10.66 % bromoxynil heptanoate ((2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenyl) heptanoate) and 0.02% fluroxypyr. The active “cocktail” may be used to combat rye grass that is resistant to glyphosate and that survives the burn down treatment.

[0196] SSA may be tested for efficacy with barley crops by applying a cocktail of actives, similar to the cocktail described above, with SSA and comparing the results against the same cocktail mixed with alternative adjuvants. Mixtures may include the same agrochemicals and one of the following adjuvants: 7 GPA SSA, 10 GPA SSA, or 10 GPA MSO. Water used to make the mixture has the following properties: pH: 8, a high level of sodium Na+, and medium hardnessAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 about 200 mg / l (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+). Mixtures may be applied using a PATRIOT CASE® Sprayer making 4 repetitions.

[0197] An evaluation of efficacy may be performed 30 DAA. It is expected that good weed control will be observed with good interrow coverage. Just after the spraying, a faster burn is expected at 10 GPA of SSA against 7 GPA of SSA. No differences are expected between 7 and 10 GPA of SSA at 30 DAA. Control with mixtures comprising SSA are expected to perform better than the mixtures made with 10 GPA MSO. One of skill in the art will appreciate that less crop damage is expected with treatments that apply fewer GPA. Thus, a treatment with 7 GPA of SSA is advantageous over the other treatments.

[0198] Because these are post-emergence treatments, the pest control regime may include the use of the curative compound TILT® the fungicide (41.8 % propiconazole (1-[ [2-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazole)). Both wheat and barley often require a second application of fungicides. Example 6. Treatment of pinto bean plants with one or more herbicides mixed with different adjuvants, e.g., SSA.

[0199] Weed control may be tested in pinto bean crops, a non-roundup resistant crop where multiple selective herbicides (5 herbicides in total) are often used. The use of combinations of herbicides is known to cause greater damage when the multiple herbicides are applied in mixtures that include the adjuvant MSO.

[0200] The ‘cocktail’ of herbicides used to control broadleaf and grass in pinto bean crops may include, e.g., VARISTO®, RAPTOR®, BASAGRAN®, SELECT® and REFLEX®. VARISTO® from BASF includes dicamba (3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and mesotrione (2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione)). RAPTOR® (Imazamox) (IMI) includes 5-(methoxymethyl)-2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2- yl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid) + bentazon (5-(methoxymethyl)-2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yl- 1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid. BASAGRAN®, bentazon from BASF includes 3- (Propan-2-yl)-2λ6,1,3-benzothiadiazine-2,2,4(1H,3H)-trione) focuses on broadleaf (Chenopodium sp). SELECT® (Clethodim (2-[(E)-N-[(E)-3-chloroprop-2-enoxy]-C-ethylcarbonimidoyl]-5-(2- ethylsulfanylpropyl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one)) focuses on grasses. REFLEX® (22.8%Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Fomesafen (5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N- (methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide)) focuses on post-emergent Amaranthus sp.

[0201] It is generally not advisable to lower the GPA of selective herbicides because selective herbicides generally require more contact with weeds than do broad spectrum herbicides. For this example, the same actives may be used in each treatment and mixed with either 20 GPA of SSA, or 20 GPA of MSO.

[0202] The water used to make the mixture has the following properties: pH: 8, a high level of sodium Na+, and medium hardness about 200 mg / l (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+). Mixtures may applied using PATRIOT CASE® Sprayer making 4 repetitions.

[0203] Results may be evaluated at 21 DAA. About 100% weed control is expected in the mixture comprising SSA. It is also expected that the treatment comprising SSA will not cause crop damage or injury, whereas MSO is known to cause crop damage in pinto beans. Examples of an experiment performed approximately according to this example can be seen in FIGS.2A (treated with herbicide cocktail and MSO mixture) and 2B (treated with herbicide cocktail and SSA mixture). Referring to FIGS.2A and 2B in pinto beans, a herbicide cocktail mixed with SSA exhibited better weed control and less crop damage than the same herbicide cocktail mixed with MSO. Example 7. Control of the post-emergence of Amaranthus hybridus “Colorado” using the herbicides Fomesafen or Lactofen mixed with different adjuvants e.g., SSA.

[0204] The performance of SSA as an adjuvant used with Fomesafen (5-[2-Chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide) and Lactofen (Ethyl O-[5-(2- chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-2-nitrobenzoyl]-DL-lactate) may be tested for the post- emergence control of Amaranthus hybridus (“Colorado”) in peanut crops. Fomesafen and Lactofen are protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors are primarily contact-type, postemergence, broadleaf-weed herbicides.

[0205] The tests may be carried out in a 1-kilometer field. A randomized complete block design with three repetitions may be used. The field may be divided into plots that are 3 meters wide by 10 meters long. The test may be carried out on wheat stubble without subsequent sowing. At the time of application, the field may have Colorado weeds measuring, e.g., 5 to 20Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 centimeters in height. The herbicides and adjuvants to be used for the test are described in Table 1. Applications may be carried out with a tractor-mounted constant pressure sprayer equipped with 5 nozzles at 0.4 meters and CH 80020 nozzles delivering a flow rate of 80 liters per hectare at a pressure of 3.5 bars. Before planting, the field may be burned down using 1500 cc / ha of 54% glyphosate. Table 1. Treatments performed and the corresponding doses. N° Active Ingredient Dose Adjuvant Dose

[0206] 3 visual control evaluations may be conducted at 7, 15 and 30 days DAA. Observations may be made for Colorado in two different growth stages: (1) rosette diameters of about 5 cm and heights of about 10 cm; and (2) rosette diameters of about 10 cm and heights of about 20 cm. Using an analysis of variance, the effects of the treatments may be assessed. Treatment means may be compared using the DGC test, with a significance level of p<0.05.

[0207] Results are expected to show that the control of Colorado is elevated in stage 1 (rosettes about 5 cm and height about 10 cm). Differences in the effectiveness of different treatments may be observed at 7 and 30 DAA (p 0.0010 and p 0.0445), but are not expected in observations at 15 DAA (p 0.8379). An average of all of the treatments at 7 DAA is expected to show 69% control, with values ranging from about 60 to 78% control. T5, T6, T7 and T8 are expected to show similar control and better control than treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4. 15 DAA, the control is expected to increase slightly compared to 7 DAA. The average for 15 DAA is aboutAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 76%, with values between 73 and 78%. In the third and last evaluation (30 DAA) the control is expected to decrease and show an average control of about 61%. Re-growth may be observed.

[0208] The control of Colorado in stage 2 (rosettes about 10 cm and height about 20 cm) may also be studied. Here differences are expected between treatments evaluated at 7 and 30 days DAA (p 0.0053 and p<0.0001), but no differences are expected in an evaluation at 15 DAA (p 0.7151).

[0209] In the evaluation for stage 2 Colorado, all averages are expected to be lower than for Colorado at stage 1. At 7 DAA, control is expected to average 61%, with values ranging from 50 to 68% control. At 15 days the control is expected to increase very slightly to an average of 65% control, with values between 60 and 70%. In the third evaluation (30 days) the controls are expected to show negative evolution and fall 11% compared to the 15 DAA evaluation, averaging 54%, with values between 40 and 65%. T5, T6, T7 and T8 are expected to show similar control and better control than treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4.

[0210] Between the first and third evaluations, regrowth is expected to decrease by 20% on average. On average in all evaluations, SSA mixed control performance with Lactofen is expected to show better control than mixtures of SSA and Fomesafen. For this trial, no differences are expected between the dose of 50 cc / ha vs.75 cc / ha in either of the two active ingredients tested (PPO). The evaluation after 14 days of exposure to PPO herbicides as a desiccant action determines if the weed is effectively controlled or if the weed with grow back. Regarding phytotoxicity, on average Lactofen is 5% more phytotoxic than Fomesafen. All the active ingredients in the tests show that as the phenological stage of Amaranthus hybridus progresses, it is more difficult to control with herbicides such as Lactofen and Fomesafen, which act as desiccants.

[0211] Further, no crop damage is expected with the use of SSA. One of skill in the art would expect, e.g., around 20% crop damage with use of Fomesafen and Lactofen with the widely used adjuvant MSO. Example 8. Test the control of glyphosate resistant Lolium in fallow soybean fields using the herbicide clethodim, mixed with different adjuvants e.g., SSA.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0212] Testing the effectiveness of adjuvants combined with clethodim (2-[(E)-N-[(E)-3- chloroprop-2-enoxy]-C-ethylcarbonimidoyl]-5-(2-ethylsulfanylpropyl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en- 1-one) for the control of a glyphosate-resistant Lolium variant in fallow soybean fields. The addition of adjuvants may play an important role in the effectiveness of herbicide treatments. The objective is to evaluate the performance of different adjuvants mixed with clethodim for the control of Lolium spp. Four complete random blocks were used for the experiment, with plots 3 m wide and 10 m long. Treatments were applied to the blocks according to the details of Table 2. Table 2. Evaluated Treatments and Block Pattern N° Treatment Code 1 Control SampleIV

[0213] This example may be carried out on a typical, Argiudol (USDA-Soil Taxonomy V. 2010) soil, predominant Laprida series (Lpd), within mapping unit Lpd16 as, for example, shown in Table 3.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 3. General description of the soil for use with this example. General Description series Taxonomic

[0214] e o ow ng env ronmenta cond t ons are su tab e or per orm ng t s examp e: approximately 10.9-12km h-1wind speed, approximately 46.7%-54.1% relative humidity and temperature of approximately 12.5 °C.

[0215] A precision experimental sprayer may be used with a constant pressure of 2 bars generated by compressed CO2. The equipment was provided with flat spray nozzles (TEEJET® 80015), gauged to deliver a constant volume of 126 L ha-1.

[0216] Based on visual inspection of the control field compared to the treated fields, the level of weed control may be evaluated at 15, 30, and 50 DAA. The data may be subjected to analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference test (5%) to compare mean results.

[0217] The results of an experiment performed approximately according to this example are summarized in Table 4. The highest levels of control were reached at 50 DAA for all treatments. Treatment 7 demonstrated the greatest control effectiveness throughout the three evaluation instances. However, at the time of the final evaluation treatment 7 did not differ significantly from treatments 3, 5, 6, and 8. Treatment 2 was slower, exhibiting less final control than all treatments.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 4. Percentage of control of Lolium spp. achieved by each treatment. Different letters indicate significantly different values for results presented in the same column (p<0.05). NºTreatment Control (%) 15 DAA 30 DAA 50 DAAExample 9. Testing the control of Amaranthus spp. (pigweed), Eleusin indica, Urochloa trichopus, and volunteer corn, using herbicides mixed with different adjuvants, including, e.g., SSA.

[0218] This example may be conducted in 4 locations with varying annual and perennial grass weeds. For each site, two types of application conditions may be evaluated, good climate conditions (easy to control weeds) and bad climate conditions (difficult to control weeds). Table 5. Table listing herbicides that may be used to test for the control of specific weeds. Site Weed to Control Dose herbicides / ha 1 A f Eh l Eh l 2 hl 2 hl 4Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0219] Treatments may be applied with CO2backpack sprayer, equipped with 4 anti-drift flat fan nozzles with air induction (AITJ110015) spaced at 50 cm (working width = 3 m), and gauged to provide a flow rate of 100 L ha-1at a pressure of 30 psi.3 treatment applications may be made.

[0220] The experimental unit may be a plot 4 m wide by 8 m long, consisting of a test area (2 m wide) and a control area. The experimental units may be assigned a treatment in a completely randomized block design. Table 6. Treatment schedule—mixtures of herbicides and various additives, including e.g., SSA. Treatment Dose / ha (ml) 0 Ch i l t l l* Sequestering correctors are also referred to as water conditioners and may include, but are not limited to chelators and buffers. ** For all 4 sites, treatments may be formulated with water from the same source.

[0221] The results of an experiment performed approximately according to this example are shown in Tables 7- 18. Results are shown separately for each weed in good and bad climate conditions.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 TABLE 7. Climate conditions for Amaranthus ssp. Environmental Conditions Weed to Control Temperature HumidityTable 8. Control effectiveness (percentage of control compared to a control sample, where 0% is no control and 100% is total control) for Amaranthus ssp. under good climate conditions. Treatment 7 DAA 14 DAA 21 DAAAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 9. Control effectiveness (percentage of control compared to a control sample, where 0% is no control and 100% is total control) for Amaranthus ssp. under bad climate conditions. Treatment 7DAA 14 DAA 21 DAA 0 Chemical control sample 30% 35% 35%p g g te conditions, best control was achieved at 21 DAA using treatments 14 and 15. Table 10. Climate conditions for Eleusine. Environmental ConditionsAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 11. Control effectiveness (percentage of control compared to a control sample, where 0% is no control and 100% is total control) for Eleusine under good climate conditions. Treatment 7 DAA 14 DAA 21 DAAAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 12. Control effectiveness (percentage of control compared to a control sample, where 0% is no control and 100% is total control) for Eleusine under bad climate conditions. Treatment 7 DAA 14 DAA 21 DAA 0 Chemical control sample 20% 25% 40%

[0223] Comparing the control of Eleusine under good climate conditions and bad climate conditions, best control was achieved at 21 DAA using treatments 14 and 15. Under good climate conditions only, treatment 13 achieved control similar to treatments 14 and 15. Table 13. Climate conditions for Urochlao. Environmental ConditionsAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 14. Control effectiveness (percentage of control compared to a control sample, where 0% is no control and 100% is total control) for Urochlao under good climate conditions. Treatment 7 DAA 14 DAA 21 DAA 0 Chemical control sample 40% 50% 50%Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 15. Control effectiveness (percentage of control compared to a control sample, where 0% is no control and 100% is total control) for Urochlao under bad climate conditions. Treatment 7 DAA 14 DAA 21 DAA 0 Chemical control sample 30% 40% 40%

[0224] Comparing the control of Urochlao under good climate conditions and bad climate conditions, SSA performs approximately as well as all other additives at 21 DAA. Table 16. Climate conditions for volunteer corn. Environmental ConditionsAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 17. Control effectiveness (percentage of control compared to a control sample, where 0% is no control and 100% is total control) for volunteer corn under good climate conditions. Treatment 7 DAA 14 DAA 21 DAA 0 Chemical control sample 50% 50% 50%Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 18. Control effectiveness (percentage of control compared to a control sample, where 0% is no control and 100% is total control) for volunteer corn under bad climate conditions. Treatment 7 DAA 14 DAA 21 DAA 0 Chemical control sample 30% 35% 40%

[0225] Comparing the control of volunteer corn under good climate conditions and bad climate conditions, SSA performs approximately as well as all other additives at 21 DAA. Example 10. Test actives mixed with different adjuvants e.g., SSA for the control of glyphosate resistant Echinochloa colona, in young lemon plants.

[0226] A graminicide may be tested on young lemon plants using active mixtures that include an adjuvant for the control of glyphosate-resistant Echinochloa colona. Assessment of the efficacy of SSA may be performed at two dosages for the management of glyphosate-resistant Echinochloa colona on young lemon plants. A randomized block design with three repetitions of 24 m2micro-plots (4 m wide by 6 m long with two lemon plants) may be used.

[0227] Assessments may be conducted at 15, 21 and 32 DAA utilizing a percentage scale with values ranging from 0 to 100 to represent the herbicidal effect of a treatment. A score of 0 denotesAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 complete loss of control, while a value of 100 denotes complete control. Based on the descriptive reference scale proposed by ALAM, six indices or percentage ranges are used: bad (0-40), regular (41-60), sufficient (61-70), good (71-80), very good (81-90), and excellent (91-100). The analysis of variance of the data obtained may be carried out at a significance level of 0.05, and the comparison of means may be carried out using Fisher’s LSD method.

[0228] Lemon Verna grafted on Poncirus trifoliata (Flying Dragon), 2-year-old plants. The dominant pest in the trial is glyphosate-resistant Echinochloa colona that is 25 to 30 cm, tall. A backpack sprayer with CO2 propellant may be used to apply each treatment. The CO2 backpack sprayer may have 4 XR 11002 nozzles spaced at a distance of about 50cm between each nozzle. Each nozzle may operate at an unload rate of about 155L / ha. At the time of the application the temperature may be about 29.7 °C, the relativity humidity may be about 66%, the wind speed may be about 2.2-4.1 km / h. At the time of the first application the temperatures may be in a range defined by: max temperature about 35.3 ºC, with the average max temperature being 28.9 ºC, an average minimum temperature at 18.4 ºC and a minimum temperature of 12.8 ºC. The first application may take place after a rainfall of about 211.5 mm over 8 days. The second application when the temperatures are in a range that may be defined by: a max temperature of about 34.1 ºC, with an average max temperature of about 29 ºC, an average minimum temperature of about 17.9 ºC and a minimum temperature of about 16.4 ºC. At the time of the second application, there may be rainfall of about 103 mm over 9 days.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 19. Shows the effect of different herbicide mixtures on Echinochloa colona at 15, 21 and 32 DAA in an experiment conducted approximately according to this example. Different letters indicate significant differences between means, according to Fisher’s LSD test (p≤ 0.05). Treatment Herbicidal effect on Echinochloa colona 15DAA 21DAA 32DAA

[0229] In three readings carried out 15, 21 and 32 DAA, treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 show better control of glyphosate-resistant Echinochloa colona than treatment T1 (Clethodim without the addition of mineral oil or adjuvant). At the final reading (32 DAA), T5 (SSA 75 cc / 100 l water) and T3 (Clethodim with MSO 250 cc / 100 l water) had the highest control (90%), slightly better than T2 (89%), considered a classic treatment for grass control (Clethodim with mineral oil or methylated soybean oil at 1%). SSA works as well as MSO with significantly less adjuvant required. Example 11. Control of Conyza using herbicides mixed with different adjuvant including e.g., SSA.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0230] In another example, the effectiveness of SSA may be compared to MSO in controlling emergence of Conyza sp. (black branch) in fallow fields. A randomized complete block design with three repetitions may be used. The plots may be 3 meters wide by 10 meters long.

[0231] At the time of application, black branch with a rosette diameter of 10 to 30 cm may be present in the field. A preliminary treatment of 2500 cc / ha of glyphosate (54%) and 800 cc 2,4D (70%) may be applied. 10 days after the preliminary treatment, treatments with different adjuvants may be applied. The treatments are described in Table 1. Applications may be performed with a continuous backpack CO2 sprayer, equipped with 5 nozzles at 0.4 meters and CH 80020, nozzles delivering about 80 liters per hectare at a pressure of about 3.05 bars. Table 20. Treatments to be performed and the corresponding doses of agriculturally active compounds.Nº ActiveDose Adjuvant Dose In redient / h T / h )[hydroxy(methylphosphonoyl)]butanoic acid) ammonium salt) *** Saflufenacil (2-Chloro-4-fluoro-5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6- dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl]-N-[methyl(propan-2-yl)sulfamoyl]benzamide)

[0232] Three visual control evaluations may be carried out, at 7, 15 and 30 DAA. Using an analysis of variance, the effects of the treatments may be assessed. The mean control between samples may be compared using the DGC test, with a significance level of p<0.05.

[0233] In an experiment conducted approximately according to this example, differences were observed between treatments in the evaluations at 15 and 30 DAA (p<0.0001 for both), but not for the evaluation at 7 DAA (p 0.1058). When averaging all treatments, at 7 DAA the controls averaged 74%, with values ranging from 70 to 80% control. There were no observed differences between treatments. At 15 days, the controls increased by 14% on average compared to the previous evaluation. The average for this evaluation was 98%, with values between about 93 andAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 100%. As part of the third and final evaluation (30 days), the controls rose to 99% average control, with values ranging from 95 to 100% control. Treatments were observed with total controls. Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9 appeared statistically different from treatments 7 and 9.

[0234] In the same experiment conducted approximately according to this example, evaluations at 15 and 30 DAA on the control of Conyza sp. showed significant differences between treatments. Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9, paraquat performed better on average at 7 days than all other treatments; similar levels of control are noted at 28 days. Averaging all SSA vs MSO treatments, no statistical differences were evident. Thus, SSA produces the same results as MSO with less water and less chemicals. Example 12. Control of Borreria using herbicides mixed with different adjuvants including e.g., SSA

[0235] This example may be performed using a soybean crop. At the time of implementing the trials, the weeds present may be Borreria eryngiodes, Cynara cardunculus, and Chloris elata with a coverage of 40%. At the time of application Borreria eryngiodes may be in bloom.

[0236] The entire field may be about 5 m × 7 m, and the experiment may be conducted using a fully randomized block design with three repetitions per treatment. There may be a paired control zone of about one meter separating each plot. Each plot may have a surface area of four square meters.

[0237] Test treatments may be applied with a CO2backpack sprayer, with 6 tips at about 0.52 cm, with a 8002 flat spray at a volume of about 120 l / ha. The application may be carried out in early evening at a temperature of about 25°C, a relative humidity of about 56% and a wind speed of about 2 km / h.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 20. Formulations and assigned treatment number. Treatment Mixture Dose No[ ] e percen age o con ro o orrer a eryng o es may e eva ua e . e eva uations may be carried out at 5, 12, 21 and 30 DAA. The data may be analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons between treatments using the DGC test.

[0239] Table 21 presents average control values for each treatment, together with the F values and significance for the ANOVA conducted to determine the percentage of control of Borreria eryngiodes throughout the four evaluation days in an experiment performed approximately according to this example. The analysis of variance was significant in all evaluation days, showing differences between treatments. Table 21. Days after application (DAA)Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0240] As can be seen in table 21, treatment 2 (herbicides without adjuvants) showed less control than the other treatments on all evaluation days, but not more than 80%. However, there were no appreciable variations amongst the remaining treatments. Thus, significantly lower amounts of SSA provide essentially the same control as higher amounts of ammonium sulphate.

[0241] Example 13. Wind Tunnel Estimates of Spray Efficiency with SSA, Other Spray Adjuvants and Various Herbicides

[0242] It is possible to use wind-tunnel studies to characterize herbicide drift for various adjuvant / herbicide combinations. The impact of carrier volume, nozzle selection, and various herbicide spray solutions on downwind spray deposition can be measured under controlled conditions.

[0243] Measurement Equipment: All herbicide / adjuvant mixtures may be administered in a low-speed wind tunnel that contains working sections of about 1.2 m wide, about 1.2 m high, and about 15 m long. The wind tunnel may use an axial fan to generate airflow up to about 6.71 m / s and move air from the fan into an expansion chamber in front of the tunnel. The wind tunnel may ensure controlled conditions for accurate analysis.

[0244] Measurement Procedure: The spray plume of a single nozzle may be oriented perpendicular to the wind flow, simulating the worst-case scenario where displacement is the greatest with a transverse spray height of 51 cm (20 inches).

[0245] Repetitions: The nozzle-by-mixture combination (including spray solution by carrier volume) may be repeated three times. Each repetition may encompass a uniform 4.0 second, 3.3 second, and 2.7 second duration of continuous application using previously determined nozzles and pressure combinations. The test can be regulated by a digital pre-calibrated auto shut-off timer switch for 15, 12, and 10 GPA, respectively.

[0246] Distance and Wind Velocity: Mylar cards may be used as spray deposition collectors. Spray deposition collectors may be placed at downwind distances of 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 m from the spray nozzle and 51 cm lower than the nozzle. The wind velocity in the wind tunnel may be set at 15 MPH.

[0247] The following treatments may be tested according to this example: ^ Glyphosate, 32 fl oz ac-1^ Glyphosate + ammonium-sulfate, 17 lbs per 100 gal-1Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 ^ Glyphosate + ammonium-sulfate + MSO 1% v v-1^ Glyphosate + SSA 0.05% v v-1[referred to in tables and figures as SSA (low)] ^ Glyphosate + SSA 0.075% v v-1[referred to in tables and figures as SSA (high)] ^ Glufosinate 32 fl oz ac-1[referred to in tables and figures as Glufosinate] ^ Glufosinate + ammonium-sulfate, 3 lbs ac-1^ Glufosinate + ammonium-sulfate + Intact 0.5% v v-1^ Glufosinate + ammonium-sulfate + MSO 1% v v-1^ Glufosinate + SSA 0.05% v v-1^ Glufosinate + SSA 0.075% v v-1^ 2,4-D, 32 fl oz ac-1[referred to in tables as 2,4-D (choline)] ^ 2,4-D + Intact (a spray adjuvant including a mixture of polyethylene, choline chloride and guar gum (43.1%) about 43.1%) 0.5% v v-1^ 2,4-D + SSA 0.05% v v-1^ 2,4-D + SSA 0.075% v v-1^ 2,4-D ester, 32 fl oz ac-1 [referred to in tables as 2,4-D (LV4)] ^ 2,4-D ester + Intact 0.5% v v-1^ 2,4-D ester + SSA 0.05% v v-1^ 2,4-D ester + SSA 0.075% v v-1^ ENGENIA® 12.8 fl oz ac-1[referred to in tables as Dicamba] ^ ENGENIA® + Intact 0.5% v v-1^ ENGENIA® + SSA 0.05 v v-1^ ENGENIA® + SSA 0.075 v v-1)

[0248] All treatments may be mixed at sprayers at 10, 12, and 15 GPA (93.5, 112.2, and 140.3 L ha-1). To enable detection by fluorimetry after spraying, 1 g L-1of 1,3,6,8-pyrene tetra sulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (PTSA) fluorescent tracer may be added to each treatment.

[0249] Treatments may be tested at 15 MPH with 20” nozzle spacing. All calculations may be fixed and adjusted for travelling speed and pressures.

[0250] Operational parameters may be adjusted to achieve the targeted output for any given treatment.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0251] Data Collection and Analysis: The mylar cards may be gathered once the application is completed. Each card may be placed into a prelabeled plastic bag. The bags may be stored inside a dark container to protect against potential photodegradation of the tracer. The extent of spray deposition for each herbicide solution tested may be determined using fluorometric analysis.

[0252] The deposition data (µg / cm2), which covers each combination of nozzle and herbicide solution (i.e., different herbicide solutions and carrier volume within a specific nozzle type), may be analyzed using a four-parameter model per spray carrier volume that is significant for every test solution. The model selection function “mselect” tool in R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) is used to compare models as the best-fit model based on Akaike’s information criterion.

[0253] For this analysis, either (1) a symmetric log-logistic model or (2) a Weibull model may be used to model the data. The four-parameter log-logistic function may be used to analyze data collected for mixes that include glyphosate and dicamba (equation 1). The four-parameter Weibull (type 2) may be used analyze data collected for mixes that include to glufosinate, 2,4-D (choline), and 2,4-D (LV4) (equation 2). ^ Equation 1: Glyphosate and dicamba: y = c + {d – c / 1 + exp [ b (log x – log e)]} ^ Equation 2: Glufosinate, 2,4-D (choline), and 2,4-D (LV4): y=c+(d−c)

[0254] For comparative analysis, spray deposition outcomes may be evaluated within each nozzle (that delivered a specific spray volume). The absence of any spray additive or any chosen adjuvant can serve as the comparison standard. To pinpoint details like the inflection point-slope (b), low-asymptote fixed to 0 (c), high-asymptote (d), and the distance to achieve 50% and 95% application spray deposition (e).

[0255] Calculated parameters based on results from an experiment conducted approximately according to this example are displayed in Tables 22-26.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 22. Model Parameters GPA Solution b d e50e95Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE µg / cm2m m 10 Glyphosate 1.99 ± 0.25 1.45 ± 0.19 1.59 ± 0.26 6.98 ± 0.47 10 Glyphosate + AMS 1.97 ± 0.28 1.5 ± 0.28 1.39 ± 0.30 6.21 ± 0.43 10Glyphosate + AMS+MSO 2.31 ± 0.49 0.59 ± 0.08 2.17 ± 0.35 7.77 ± 1.2510Glyphosate + SSA(low) ± 0.27 1.32 ± 0.18 1.59 ± 0.27 6.74 ± 0.4910Glyphosate + SSA(high) 2.28 ± 0.32 1.27 ± 0.15 1.66 ± 0.23 6.02 ± 0.4412 Glyphosate 2.16 ± 0.27 1.48 ± 0.14 1.92 ± 0.22 7.53 ± 0.63 12 Glyphosate + AMS 1.87 ± 0.25 1.71 ± 0.28 1.5 ± 0.31 7.29 ± 0.54 12Glyphosate + AMS+MSO 2.46 ± 0.47 0.73 ± 0.07 2.49 ± 0.28 8.25 ± 1.3412Glyphosate + SSA(low) 2.34 ± 0.32 1.34 ± 0.13 1.89 ± 0.21 6.64 ± 0.5912Glyphosate + SSA(high) 1.65 ± 0.28 1.31 ± 0.25 1.61 ± 0.44 9.6 ± 1.0515 Glyphosate 2.23 ± 0.27 1.37 ± 0.10 2.31 ± 0.20 8.64 ± 0.86 15 Glyphosate + AMS 1.8 ± 0.28 1.61 ± 0.30 1.52 ± 0.36 7.81 ± 0.67 15Glyphosate + AMS+MSO 1.94 ± 0.42 0.86 ± 0.14 2.02 ± 0.45 9.24 ± 1.5515Glyphosate + SSA(low)± 0.33 1.15 ± 0.13 2.11 ± 0.30 8.91 ± 1.1615Glyphosate + SSA(high) 1.86 ± 0.30 1.19 ± 0.15 2.02 ± 0.35 9.83 ± 1.24Model parameters inflection point-slope (b), low-asymptote fixed to 0 (c), high-asymptote (d), and the distance (m) to achieve 50% and 95% application spray deposition (e).Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 23. Model Parameters GPA Solution b d e50e95Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE µg / cm2m m 10 Dicamba 1.98 ± 0.27 3.1 ± 1.49 0.79 ± 0.33 3.47 ± 0.80 10 Dicamba + Intact 2.3 ± 0.49 1.85 ± 1.50 0.79 ± 0.48 2.85 ± 1.00 10Dicamba + SSA(low) 2.06 ± 0.24 2.24 ± 0.59 1.01 ± 0.26 4.2 ± 0.4310Dicamba + SSA(high) 1.89 ± 0.23 2.31 ± 0.76 0.9 ± 0.30 4.28 ± 0.6412 Dicamba 2.05 ± 0.33 1.7 ± 0.32 1.48 ± 0.33 6.22 ± 0.49 12 Dicamba + Intact 2.31 ± 0.68 1.43 ± 0.69 1.19 ± 0.55 4.25 ± 0.59 12Dicamba + SSA(low) 2.01 ± 0.39 1.56 ± 0.38 1.4 ± 0.39 6.05 ± 0.5412Dicamba + SSA(high) 1.89 ± 0.36 2.24 ± 0.85 1.08 ± 0.44 5.12 ± 0.7315 Dicamba 2.01 ± 0.19 2.56 ± 0.28 1.52 ± 0.20 6.58 ± 0.32 15 Dicamba + Intact 1.99 ± 0.34 2.13 ± 0.69 1.12 ± 0.38 4.94 ± 0.57 15Dicamba + SSA(low) 1.93 ± 0.21 2.92 ± 0.46 1.3 ± 0.24 5.97 ± 0.3115Dicamba + SSA(high) 1.89 ± 0.24 3.19 ± 0.76 1.11 ± 0.29 5.25 ± 0.44Model parameters inflection point-slope (b), low-asymptote 0 (c), high-asymptote (d), and the distance (m) to achieve 50% and 95% application spray deposition (e).Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 24. Model Parameters GPA Solution b d e50e95Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE µg / cm2m m 10 Glufosinate -2 ± 0.35 1.86 ± 0.12 2.01 ± 0.19 8.86 ± 1.78 10 Glufosinate + AMS -2.5 ± 0.52 1.64 ± 0.10 1.95 ± 0.16 6.39 ± 1.30 10Glufosinate + AMS+Intact -2.45 ± 0.54 1.47 ± 0.10 1.99 ± 0.17 6.69 ± 1.4910Glufosinate + AMS+MSO -1.99 ± 0.87 0.82 ± 0.17 1.79 ± 0.55 7.98 ± 3.5110Glufosinate + SSA(low)- ± 0.38 1.97 ± 0.11 1.93 ± 0.16 7.3 ± 1.3010Glufosinate + SSA(high) -3.15 ± 0.68 1.29 ± 0.08 2.6 ± 0.16 6.67 ± 1.2912 Glufosinate -2.36 ± 0.57 1.36 ± 0.11 2.59 ± 0.25 9.11 ± 2.55 12 Glufosinate + AMS -1.79 ± 0.42 1.85 ± 0.24 1.82 ± 0.36 9.53 ± 2.41 12Glufosinate + AMS+Intact -1.74 ± 0.51 1.18 ± 0.14 2.3 ± 0.43 12.64 ± 5.1712Glufosinate + AMS+MSO -1.64 ± 0.78 0.89 ± 0.26 1.87 ± 0.83 11.42 ± 6.3812Glufosinate + SSA(low)± 0.93 1.14 ± 0.09 3.05 ± 0.26 9.58 ± 3.1312Glufosinate + SSA(high) -1.76 ± 0.55 1.52 ± 0.29 1.77 ± 0.49 8.51 ± 2.7815 Glufosinate -2.07 ± 0.27 2.58 ± 0.13 1.93 ± 0.14 8.12 ± 1.16 15 Glufosinate + AMS -1.97 ± 0.30 1.94 ± 0.11 2.15 ± 0.18 9.74 ± 1.85 15Glufosinate + AMS+Intact -1.79 ± 0.33 2.29 ± 0.29 1.66 ± 0.29 8.71 ± 1.4715Glufosinate + AMS+MSO -1.71 ± 0.59 0.95 ± 0.16 2.01 ± 0.51 11.38 ± 4.9015Glufosinate + SSA(low)± 0.28 2.05 ± 0.19 1.93 ± 0.28 11.69 ± 2.3815Glufosinate + SSA(high) -2.12 ± 0.40 1.28 ± 0.08 2.98 ± 0.25 12.08 ± 3.06Model parameters inflection point-slope (b), low-asymptote fixed to 0 (c), high-asymptote (d), and the distance (m) to achieve 50% and 95% application spray deposition (e).Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 25. Model Parameters GPA Solution b d e50e95Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE µg / cm2m m 10 2,4-D (choline) -1.85 ± 0.26 0.45 ± 0.03 2.14 ± 0.19 10.65 ± 1.89 102,4-D (choline) +Intact -1.96 ± 0.20 0.9 ± 0.06 1.63 ± 0.15 7.39 ± 0.65102,4-D (choline) +SSA (low) -1.89 ± 0.25 0.6 ± 0.04 1.81 ± 0.18 8.69 ± 1.19102,4-D (choline) +SSA (high)-2.01 ± 0.28 0.71 ± 0.06 1.63 ± 0.19 7.12 ± 0.83 12 2,4-D (choline) -1.7 ± 0.21 0.69 ± 0.06 1.78 ± 0.22 10.15 ± 1.37 122,4-D (choline) +Intact -1.79 ± 0.16 1.22 ± 0.09 1.58 ± 0.15 8.28 ± 0.62122,4-D (choline) +SSA (low)± 0.25 0.55 ± 0.03 2.14 ± 0.16 9.93 ± 1.58122,4-D (choline) +SSA (high) -1.76 ± 0.23 0.67 ± 0.05 1.8 ± 0.21 9.73 ± 1.3515 2,4-D (choline) -1.59 ± 0.22 0.84 ± 0.11 1.56 ± 0.30 10.13 ± 1.28 152,4-D (choline) +Intact -1.76 ± 0.16 1.37 ± 0.10 1.58 ± 0.16 8.56 ± 0.65152,4-D (choline) +SSA (low) -1.65 ± 0.23 0.72 ± 0.06 1.81 ± 0.25 10.92 ± 1.67152,4-D (choline) +SSA (high)-1.69 ± 0.21 0.66 ± 0.04 2.04 ± 0.21 11.84 ± 1.92 Model parameters inflection point-slope (b), low-asymptote fixed to 0 (c), high-asymptote (d), and the distance (m) to achieve 50% and 95% application spray deposition (e).Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 Table 26. Model Parameters GPA Solution b d e50e95Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE µg / cm2m m 10 2,4-D (LV) -1.52 ± 0.23 0.66 ± 0.09 1.65 ± 0.34 11.62 ± 1.81 10 2,4-D (LV) + Intact -1.68 ± 0.20 1.36 ± 0.27 1.23 ± 0.28 7.23 ± 0.56 102,4-D (LV) + SSA(low) -1.7 ± 0.26 0.66 ± 0.09 1.62 ± 0.29 9.35 ± 1.36102,4-D (LV) + SSA(high) -1.62 ± 0.26 0.76 ± 0.15 1.43 ± 0.36 8.89 ± 1.1012 2,4-D (LV) -1.7 ± 0.41 0.7 ± 0.11 1.76 ± 0.42 10.13 ± 2.60 12 2,4-D (LV) + Intact -3.65 ± 0.32 1.6 ± 0.04 2.15 ± 0.05 4.85 ± 0.33 122,4-D (LV) + SSA(low) -1.82 ± 0.37 0.81 ± 0.10 1.79 ± 0.31 9.18 ± 1.98122,4-D (LV) + SSA(high) -1.83 ± 0.41 0.8 ± 0.12 1.71 ± 0.35 8.71 ± 1.9215-1.52 ± 0.20 0.73 ± 0.08 1.73 ± 0.28 12.18 ± 1.76 15 + -1.78 ± 0.18 0.98 ± 0.06 1.75 ± 0.16 9.26 ± 0.95 152,4-D (LV) + SSA(low) -1.52 ± 0.21 0.74 ± 0.09 1.66 ± 0.30 11.77 ± 1.65152,4-D (LV) + SSA(high) -1.67 ± 0.22 0.64 ± 0.05 1.95 ± 0.22 11.54 ± 1.87Model parameters: inflection point-slope (b), low-asymptote fixed to 0 (c), high-asymptote (d), and the distance (m) to achieve 50% and 95% application spray deposition (e).

[0256] Based on the data above, one of skill in the art may conclude that mixtures including glyphosate respond differently based on the spray carrier volume. At 10 GPA, mixtures that included SSA outperformed mixtures that included AMS and MSO.

[0257] Based on the data above, one of skill in the art may conclude that, for mixtures including glufosinate sprayed at 10 GPA, AMS and MSO tended to increase drift. SSA achieved 95% spray deposition, indicating an increased rate with a slight decrease in potential of drift. Results at 12 GPA indicate that as the rate increased, drift mitigation benefited.

[0258] In data for experiments including 2,4-D at 10GPA, Intact improved drift mitigation. However, for choline salts of 2,4-D, SSA had similar performance. At 12 GPA (including choline and LV) and at15 GPA with choline, Intact had superior performance.

[0259] For dicamba, Intact, as expected, exhibited better drift mitigation. As you increase the rate, SSA decreases downwind drift.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016

[0260] While exemplary embodiments have been disclosed hereinabove, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Instead, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.

Claims

Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 CLAIMS 1. A spray adjuvant, comprising: an effective amount of at least one non-ionic surfactant; an effective amount of at least one humectant; an effective amount of at least one wetting agent; an effective amount of at least one anti-foaming agent; an effective amount of at least one anionic detergent; an effective amount of at least one chelating agent; and an effective amount of at least one polyprotic acid.

2. The spray adjuvant according to claim 1, wherein: the at least one non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: comacide monoethanolamine, cocamide diethanolamine, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, amine oxides; and sulfoxides; the at least one humectant is selected from the group consisting of; urea, hyaluronic acid, salicylic acid; glycolic acid; propylene glycol; glycerin; and sorbitol; the at least one wetting agent selected from the group consisting of; silicone polymers; agar, and triton; the at least one anti-foaming agent is selected from the group consisting of: an alcohol, an oil, a silicone, a silicon derivatives such as polydimehtylsiloxanes, a stearate, an ether and a glycol; the at least one anionic detergent is selected from the group consisting of: ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium myreth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, sodium stearte, sodium lauryl sulfate, α olefin sulfonate, and ammonium laureth sulfate; and the at least one polyprotic acid is selected from the group consisting of: phosphoric acid, oxalic acid; and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; and the at least one chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of: 2,2’-bipyridyl; dimercaptopropanol; ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid; EDTA ethylenedioxy-diethylene-dinitrilo- tetraacetic acid; EGTA; ethylene glycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N,Nˊ, Nˊ-tetraacetic acid;Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 ionophores nitrilotriacetic acid; NTA ortho-phenanthroline; salicyclic acid; triethanolamine; TEA, and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1- diphosphonic acid.

3. A spray adjuvant, comprising: C-12 to C-13 ethoxylated alcohol; glycerin; polydimethylsiloxane; coconut amide; lauryl ether sulphate; 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid; propylene glycol; and phosphoric acid.

4. A spray adjuvant according to claims 1-3, comprising: about 205.0 g / kg to 215.5 g / kg of C-12 to C-13 ethoxylated alcohol; about 10.4 g / kg, to about 11.9 g / kg glycerin; about 3.19 g / kg, to about 3.22 g / kg polydimethylsiloxane; about 47.4 g / kg, to about 59.3 g / kg coconut amide; about 26.6 g / kg to about 32.5 g / kg sodium lauryl ether sulphate; about 29.25 g / kg, to about 35.7 g / kg 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid; about 20.0 g / kg to about 25.0 g / kg propylene glycol; and about 219.3 g / kg, to about 268.0 g / kg, phosphoric acid.

5. The spray adjuvant according to claim 1-4, further including water.

6. The spray adjuvants according to claims 1-5, wherein the adjuvant includes between about 19 to about 24 % of a linear alcohol ethoxylate.

7. An active mixture, comprising: a portion of at least one of the spray adjuvants according to claims 1-6, andAttorney Docket No.33259-0016 an agriculturally effective amount of at least one agriculturally active compound selected from the group consisting of: a herbicide, a fungicide, a miticide, a acaricide, a pesticide, a bio-stimulant, and a fertilizer.

8. The active mixture according to claim 7, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of: a second spray adjuvant, a water conditioner, a bactericide, a pH indicator, a buffer, and a chelator.

9. An active mixture, comprising any of the adjuvants according to claims 1-8, wherein the agriculturally active compound is a herbicide.

10. The active mixture according to claim 1-9, wherein the active mixture further includes a diluent and the diluent is a dilution water.

11. The active mixture according to claim 10, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture includes about 200 mg / L or more of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+and / or Fe3+.

12. The active mixtures according to claims 10-11, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture includes about 10 to 2000 mg / L of at least one salt.

13. The active mixtures according to claims 10-11, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture includes about 100 to 300 mg / L of at least one salt.

14. The active mixtures according to claims 11-13, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture includes about 150 to 200 mg / L of at least one salt.

15. The active mixture according to claim 14, wherein the at least one salt includes at least one sodium salt.

16. The active mixtures according to claims 10-15, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture has a pH of about 8.5 or less.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 17. The active mixtures according to claims 10-15, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture has a pH of about 8.0 or less.

18. The active mixtures according to claims 10-15, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture has a pH of about 7.0 or less.

19. The active mixtures according to claims 10-15, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture has a pH of between about 5.0 and about 6.0 or less.

20. The active mixtures according to claims 10-19, wherein the dilution water used to dilute the active mixture comprises about 25 wt. % of the active mixture or less than about 25 wt. % of the active mixture.

21. The active mixtures according to claims 10-20, the dilution water comprises about 12 wt. % of the active mixture or less of the active mixture.

22. The active mixtures according to claims 9-21, wherein the active mixture has a pH of about 7.0 or less.

23. The active mixtures according to claims 9-21, wherein the active mixture has a pH of about 6.0 or less.

24. The active mixtures according to claims 9-21, wherein the active mixture has a pH of between about 5.0 and about 6.

0.

25. The active mixtures according to claims 9-24, wherein the amount of the spray adjuvant in the active mixture is between about 190 ml to about 290 ml per 100 gallons of the active mixture.

26. The active mixtures according to claims 9-24, wherein the amount of the adjuvant in the active mixture is between about 0.02% v. / v. and about 0.01% v. / v. of the mixture.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 27. The active mixtures according to claims 9-24, wherein the amount of the adjuvant in the active mixture is about 0.05% v. / v. of the mixture.

28. The active mixtures according to claims 9-24, wherein the amount of the adjuvant in the active mixture is about 0.075 % v. / v. of the mixture.

29. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide that inhibits carotenoid biosynthesis.

30. The active mixtures according to claim 9-29, wherein the herbicide is pyridinecarboxamide.

31. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is diflufenican (N- (2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]pyridine-3-carboxamide).

32. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide N-(2,4- difluorophenyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]pyridine-3-carboxamide is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver at an amount of between about 0.05 l / ha to about 0.12 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

33. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide characterized as a synthetic auxin.

34. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is derivative of o- anisic acid.

35. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is a BAPMA salt of dicamba (3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid).Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 36. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is a BAPMA salt of 3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.4 l / ha to about 0.9 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

37. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Fluroxypyr (4- Amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy] acetic acid) or a salt thereof.

38. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 4-Amino-3,5- dichloro-6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy]acetic acid and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.17 l / ha to about 0.22 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

39. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide that inhibits the enzyme acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.

40. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is the herbicide Pinoxaden ([8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2- d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate) or a salt thereof.

41. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is [8-(2,6-diethyl-4- methylphenyl)-7-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-d][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl] 2,2- dimethylpropanoate and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.04 l / ha to about 0.08 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

42. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide that inhibits lipid synthesis.

43. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Fenoxaprop p-ethyl (ethyl (2R)-(+)-2-[4-(6-chlorobenzoxazol-2-yloxy)phenoxy]propionate), or a salt thereof.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 44. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is ethyl (2R)-(+)-2- [4-(6-chlorobenzoxazol-2-yloxy)phenoxy]propionate, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.02 l / ha to about 0.05 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

45. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyrvat dioxygenase inhibitor.

46. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Pyrasulfotole (5- hydroxyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)[2- (methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] methanone) or a salt thereof.

47. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 5-hydroxyl-1,3- dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)[2- (methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanone and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.015 l / ha to about 0.032 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

48. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits photosystem II.

49. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Bromoxynil octanoate (2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenyl) octanoate) or a salt thereof.

50. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28 wherein the herbicide is 2,6-dibromo-4- cyanophenyl) octanoate or a salt thereof, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.10 l / ha to about 0.15 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

51. The active mixtures according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Bromoxynil heptanoate ((2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenyl) heptanoate) or a salt thereof.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 52. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2,6-dibromo-4- cyanophenyl) heptanoate, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.10 l / ha to about 0.14 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

53. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is a fungicide, and the fungicide inhibits 14-alpha demethylase.

54. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is a triazole fungicide.

55. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the fungicide is Propiconazole (1-[ [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazole) or a salt thereof.

56. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the fungicide is 1-[ [2-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazole, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.121 l / ha to about 0.24 l / ha of the fungicide to the surface.

57. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits the production of acetolactate synthase.

58. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is imazamox (5- (methoxymethyl)-2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid) or a salt thereof.

59. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 5-(methoxymethyl)- 2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.2 l / ha to about 0.5 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

60. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and categorized as a thiadiazine.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 61. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is bentazon [sodium 3- (1-methylethyl)-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4 (3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] or a salt thereof.

62. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is [sodium 3-(1- methylethyl)-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4 (3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.5 l / ha and about 1.2 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

63. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, categorized as a cyclohexanedione.

64. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Clethodim (2-[(E)- N-[(E)-3-chloroprop-2-enoxy]-C-ethylcarbonimidoyl]-5-(2-ethylsulfanylpropyl)-3- hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one) or a salt thereof.

65. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2-[(E)-N-[(E)-3- chloroprop-2-enoxy]-C-ethylcarbonimidoyl]-5-(2-ethylsulfanylpropyl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en- 1-one or a salt thereof, is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.077 l / ha to about 0.15 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

66. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is a nitrophenyl ether selective herbicide.

67. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Lactofen (ethyl O- [5-(2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-2-nitrobenzoyl]-DL-lactate) or a salt thereof.

68. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is ethyl O-[5-(2- chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-2-nitrobenzoyl]-DL-lactate, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.15 l / ha to about 0.23 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 69. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase.

70. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Fomesafen (5-[2- chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N- (methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide) or a salt thereof.

71. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 5-[2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N- (methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 1.05 l / ha to about 2.1 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

72. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase.

73. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is Carfentrazone, (2- chloro-3-[2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4- fluorophenyl]propanoic acid) or a salt thereof.

74. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2-chloro-3-[2- chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluorophenyl]propanoic acid, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.015 l / ha to about 0.05 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

75. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide is a synthetic analogue of auxin.

76. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2,4-D, (4-(2,4- dichlorophenoxy acid or a salt thereof.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 77. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2,4- dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 1.0 l / ha to about 2.0 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

78. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase.

79. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is Flumioxazin, (2-[7- fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1, 4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H- isoindole1,3(2H)-dione) or a salt thereof.

80. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2-[7-fluoro-3,4- dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1, 4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole1,3(2H)- dione, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.4 kg / ha to about 1.0 kg / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

81. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits electron transfer.

82. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is the herbicide Paraquat, (1,1′-dimethyl[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium) or a salt thereof.

83. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 1,1′-dimethyl[4,4′- bipyridine]-1,1′-diium, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.55 l / ha to about 1.2 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

84. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits glutamine synthetase.

85. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is the herbicide Glufosinate, (2-Amino-4-[hydroxy(methylphosphonoyl)] butanoic acid) or a salt thereof.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 86. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2-Amino-4- [hydroxy(methylphosphonoyl)]butanoic acid) ammonium salt, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.4 l / ha to about 0.9 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

87. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits Protoporphyrinogen oxidase.

88. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is the herbicide Saflufenacil, (2-Chloro-4-fluoro-5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6- dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl]-N-[methyl(propan-2-yl)sulfamoyl]benzamide) or a salt thereof.

89. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the herbicide is 2-Chloro-4-fluoro- 5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl]-N-[methyl(propan-2- yl)sulfamoyl]benzamide, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.005 to about 0.009 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.

90. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is 2-Amino-4- [hydroxy(methylphosphonoyl)]butanoic acid or a salt thereof.

91. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase.

92. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is the herbicide Glyphosate, (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine), or a salt thereof.

93. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is N- (phosphonomethyl)glycine, or a salt thereof, and is present in the mixture in an amount sufficient to deliver between about 0.8 l / ha to about 2.0 l / ha of the herbicide to the surface.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 94. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide inhibits glutamine synthetase.

95. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is 2-Amino-4- [hydroxy(methylphosphonoyl)]butanoic acid or a salt thereof.

96. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an herbicide, and the herbicide is a synthetic auxin.

97. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is a phenoxy herbicide.

98. The active mixture according to claims 9-28, wherein the active is an insecticide.

99. A method of treating a surface, comprising the steps of: creating a mixture of at least on active ingredient and SSA according to any of claims 9- 98; and applying the mixture to at least one surface.

100. The method according to claim 99, wherein the at least one surface is selected from the group consisting of: a field, a crop, and a plant.

101. The method according to claim 125, wherein the field is a fallow field.

102. The method according to claim 101, wherein the field is comprised substantially of undesirable plants.

103. The method according to claim 101, wherein the field is being prepared for cultivation.

104. The method according to claim 101, wherein the field is being prepared for construction.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 105. The method according to claim 101, wherein the crop is selected from the group consisting of: soybeans, corn, wheat, potatoes, beans, and vegetables.

106. The method according to claim 101, wherein the plant is an undesirable plant.

107. The method according to claim 101, wherein the plant is a desirable plant selected from the group consisting of: legumes, grains, vegetables, fruits, tree nuts, tuberous plants, and ornamental plants.

108. The method according to claims 99-107, wherein at least 5 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

109. The method according to claims 99-107, wherein at least 10 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

110. The method according to claims 99-107, wherein at least 15 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

111. The method according to claims 99-107, wherein at least 20 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

112. The method according to claims 99-107, wherein at least 25 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

113. The method according to claims 99-107, wherein more than 25 GPA of SSA is added to the surface.

114. The methods according to claims 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a spray boom.Attorney Docket No.33259-0016 115. The methods according to claims 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using an airplane.

116. The methods according to claims 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a helicopter.

117. The methods according to claims 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a drone.

118. The methods according to claims 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a handheld sprayer.

119. The methods according to claims 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a drench.

120. The methods according to claims 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a backpack sprayer.

121. The methods according to claims 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a sprayer mounted on a trailer.

122. The methods according to claims 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a sprayer incorporated into a tractor or truck or pulled or pushed by a tractor or a truck.

123. The methods according to claims 99-113, wherein the mixture is applied to one or more surfaces using a sprayer carried or pushed or pulled manually.

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