Polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-06-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-15
Smart Images

Figure CN2023098781_12122024_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
POLAR ENCODING SCHEMES FOR CONSTELLATION SHAPING
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communication, including polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .
[0004] In some examples, a wireless device (e.g., a UE or a network entity) may perform constellation shaping on a set of information bits such that high power symbols are transmitted less frequently than low power symbols in an effort to reduce power.SUMMARY
[0005] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping. The method may include a transmitting device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) or a network entity) obtaining a set of information bits (e.g., from its memory or from another component in communication with the device) and inputting the set of information bits as well as a set of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits to a demultiplexer to generate a first set of bits and a second set of bits. The transmitting device may perform constellation shaping on the first set of bits. As part of the constellation shaping, the transmitting device may input the first set of bits into a polar encoder to generate a first set of coded bits.
[0006] Additionally, as part of constellation shaping, the transmitting device may generate a set of shaping bits based on performing a power savings analysis on the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits and generate output bits (e.g., a shaped version of the first set of coded bits) based on the power savings analysis. The transmitting device may input to the output bits and the second set of bits into an error correction encoder and transmit the encoded bits to a receiving device. The receiving device may receive the encoded bits and utilize a polar decoder to obtain the set of information bits. In some cases, introducing the polar encoder may increase robustness and performance of the constellation shaping operation.
[0007] A method for wireless communications at a first device is described. The method may include generating a first set of bits and a second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer, performing a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, where performing the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits may include operations, features, means, or instructions for generating a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, where a code type associated with the first encoder includes polar code, generating a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits, and generating a set of output bits based at least in part on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits, performing an error correction encoding (ECE) operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits, and transmitting the set of encoded bits.
[0008] An apparatus for wireless communications at a first device is described. The apparatus may include at least one processor, at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor, and instructions stored in the at least one memory. The instructions may be executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to generate a first set of bits and a second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer, perform a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, where the instructions to perform the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to generate a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, where a code type associated with the first encoder includes polar code, generate a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits, and generate a set of output bits based at least in part on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits, perform an ECE operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits, and transmit the set of encoded bits.
[0009] Another apparatus for wireless communications at a first device is described. The apparatus may include means for generating a first set of bits and a second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer, means for performing a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, where the means for performing the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits include means for generating a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, where a code type associated with the first encoder includes polar code, means for generating a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits, and means for generating a set of output bits based at least in part on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits, means for performing an ECE operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits, and means for transmitting the set of encoded bits.
[0010] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a first device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to generate a first set of bits and a second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer, perform a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, where the instructions to perform the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits are executable to generate a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, where a code type associated with the first encoder includes polar code, generate a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits, and generate a set of output bits based at least in part on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits, perform an ECE operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits, and transmit the set of encoded bits.
[0011] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, generating the set of output bits may include operations, features, means, or instructions for generating a second set of coded bits based on inputting the set of shaping bits into a second encoder, where a code type associated with the second encoder includes polar code and applying a Boolean function to the second set of coded bits and the first set of coded bits to generate the set of output bits.
[0012] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, generating the second set of coded bits may include operations, features, means, or instructions for mapping the set of shaping bits to a first set of component channels and mapping a third set of bits to a second set of component channels that may be associated with a channel reliability less than a channel reliability associated with the first set of component channels, where a logic value of each bit of the third set of bits includes a zero, and where a length of the third set of bits may be based on a length of the first set of bits.
[0013] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a quantity of component channels included in the first set of component channels and the second set of component channels may be based on a length associated with the polar code.
[0014] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the Boolean function includes an exclusive or (XOR) function.
[0015] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, generating the first set of coded bits may include operations, features, means, or instructions for mapping the first set of bits to a first set of component channels and mapping a third set of bits to a second set of component channels that may be associated with a channel reliability greater than a channel reliability associated the first set of component channels, where a logic value of each bit of the third set of bits includes a zero, and where a length of the third set of bits may be based on a length of the set of shaping bits.
[0016] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a quantity of component channels included in the first set of component channels and the second set of component channels may be based on a length associated with the polar code.
[0017] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for performing a power saving procedure based on the first set of coded bits, where generating the set of shaping bits may be based on the power saving procedure.
[0018] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, performing the power saving procedure may include operations, features, means, or instructions for inputting the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits into a table in a row-first, column-second fashion, where the table includes a quantity of columns that may be based on a length of the first set of coded bits and a quantity of rows that may be based on a modulation order used for communication between the first device and a second device.
[0019] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, performing the power saving procedure may include operations, features, means, or instructions for inputting, after inputting the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits, a set of padding bits into the table, where a length of the set of padding bits may be based on a difference between a length of a combination of the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits and a length of the set of encoded bits.
[0020] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, performing the power saving procedure may include operations, features, means, or instructions for calculating a respective transmit power parameter for each column of the table, where the one or more transmit power parameters include the respective transmit power parameters.
[0021] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, calculating the respective transmit power parameter may include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a first transmit power for a first column based on a logic value of a first bit in a first row of the first column and a logic value of a second bit in a second row of the first column, inverting the logic value of the first bit, and determining a second transmit power for the first column based on the inverted logic value of the first bit and the logic value of the second bit, where the respective transmit power parameter includes a difference between the second transmit power and the first transmit power.
[0022] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first bit corresponds to a most significant bit (MSB) of a symbol.
[0023] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a control message indicating a coding rate associated with the set of shaping bits, where a length of the set of shaping bits may be based on the coding rate.
[0024] A method for wireless communication at a second device is described. The method may include receiving a set of encoded bits, generating a first set of bits based on performing an error correction decoding (ECD) operation on the set of encoded bits, generating a second set of bits and a third set of bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer, performing a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits, where performing the constellation deshaping operation may include operations, features, means, or instructions for generating a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based at least in part on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, where a code type associated with the decoder includes polar code, and generating a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, where the fifth set of bits includes a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits.
[0025] An apparatus for wireless communication at a second device is described. The apparatus may include at least one processor, at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor, and instructions stored in the at least one memory. The instructions may be executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to receive a set of encoded bits, generate a first set of bits based on performing an ECD operation on the set of encoded bits, generate a second set of bits and a third set of bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer, perform a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits, where the instructions to perform the constellation deshaping operation are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to generate a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based at least in part on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, where a code type associated with the decoder includes polar code, and generate a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, where the fifth set of bits includes a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits.
[0026] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a second device is described. The apparatus may include means for receiving a set of encoded bits, means for generating a first set of bits based on performing an ECD operation on the set of encoded bits, means for generating a second set of bits and a third set of bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer, means for performing a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits, where the means for performing the constellation deshaping operation include means for generating a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based at least in part on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, where a code type associated with the decoder includes polar code, and means for generating a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, where the fifth set of bits includes a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits.
[0027] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a second device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive a set of encoded bits, generate a first set of bits based on performing an ECD operation on the set of encoded bits, generate a second set of bits and a third set of bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer, perform a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits, where the instructions to perform the constellation deshaping operation are executable to generate a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based at least in part on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, where a code type associated with the decoder includes polar code, and generate a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, where the fifth set of bits includes a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits.
[0028] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a length of the fifth set of bits based at least in part on a difference between a length of the first set of bits and a length of the set of shaping bits, where the length of the first set of bits may be based on a first coding rate used by a second decoder to perform the ECD operation.
[0029] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining the length of the set of shaping bits based on a second coding rate associated with the set of shaping bits and a length associated with the polar code.
[0030] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the length associated with the polar code may be a multiple of a quantity of resource elements (REs) allocated for the set of encoded bits.
[0031] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a first control message indicating a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, where the MCS table includes an indication of a set of multiple coding rates, the set of multiple coding rates including the first coding rate and the second coding rate and transmitting a second control message including a first index and a second index to the MCS table that identifies the first coding rate and the second coding rate, respectively.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] FIGs. 1 and 2 show examples of a wireless communications system that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 3 shows an example of a transmitter component diagram that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 4 shows an example of a receiver component diagram that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIGs. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a UE that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system including a network entity that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIGs. 11 through 14 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] In some examples, a wireless device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) or a network entity) may utilize constellation shaping. Constellation shaping may allow the wireless device to manipulate information bits such that symbols associated with a high transmission power are transmitted less frequently than symbols associated with a low transmission power. One type of constellation shaping may be probabilistic amplitude shaping. During probabilistic amplitude shaping, the wireless device may input information bits into a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) generator and the LLR generator may determine a potential power savings after bit-masking most significant bits (MSBs) of the information bits. Further, the LLR generator together with a shaping decoder may generate shaping bits that indicate whether or not a bit-mask was applied to the MSBs.
[0042] Using the shaping bits, a shaping encoder may manipulate or shape the information bits such that the probability of transmitting high transmit power symbols is less than transmitting low transmit power symbols. However, the assumption for the LLR generator is very ideal and may not work properly with the shaping encoder. Further, a receiving device may receive shaping bits as well as information bits. Currently, the shaping bits are not considered in determining the transport block (TB) size. As such, a new method for determining TB size may be beneficial at the receiving device.
[0043] As described herein, the wireless device may utilize a polar encoder prior to LLR generation to ensure that the constellation shaping operation aligns with the shaping encoder. During constellation shaping, the wireless device may split the information bits into a first set of bits (e.g., MSBs) and a second set of bits (e.g., remaining information bits) . The wireless device may input the first set of bits into a first encoder that utilizes polar code and has a length that is based on a number coded bits from an error correction encoder and a modulation order utilized by the wireless device. At the first encoder, the wireless device may map the first set of bits to the lowest reliability channels and a third set of bits (e.g., bits with a logic value of zero) to the remaining reliability channels. Output from the first encoder may be a first set of coded bits.
[0044] Further, the wireless device may input the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits into an LLR generator. The LLR generator may determine the potential power savings after bit-masking the first set of coded bits. Further, the LLR generator together with a first decoder may generate shaping bits that indicate whether or not a bit-mask should be applied to the first set of coded bits and the shaping bits may be input into a second encoder which utilizes polar code and has a same length as the first encoder. Output from the second encoder may be output bits which may then be input into an exclusive or (XOR) function (e.g., XOR logical function or gate) together with the first set of coded bits to generate a second set of coded bits. The wireless device may then perform error correction encoding (ECE) on a combination of the second set of coded bits and the second set of bits and transmit the encoded bits to a receiving device. The receiving device may perform a similar procedure in order to receive the information bits.
[0045] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Additional aspects are described in the context of a receiver component diagram, a transmitter component diagram, and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping.
[0046] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0047] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0048] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0049] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0050] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via a core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) , one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0051] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0052] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0053] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165, or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0054] In wireless communications systems (e.g., wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140) . The one or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120) . IAB nodes 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by DUs 165 of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of an IAB node 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB nodes 104 may include DUs 165 that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB nodes 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0055] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB nodes 104, DUs 165, CUs 160, RUs 170, RIC 175, SMO 180) .
[0056] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.
[0057] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0058] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., an access link) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105) .
[0059] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element (RE) may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each RE may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of REs (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0060] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0061] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0062] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0063] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.
[0064] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, the overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.
[0065] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0066] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0067] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115) . In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.
[0068] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0069] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0070] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0071] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0072] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0073] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0074] As described herein, a transmitting device (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) may utilize polar encoder during constellation shaping. In some examples, the transmitting device may read a set of information bits from its memory and input the set of information bits as well as a set of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits in a demultiplexer to generate a first set of bits and a second set of bits. Further, the transmitting device may perform constellation shaping on the first set of bits. As part of the constellation shaping, the transmitting device may input the first set of bits into a polar encoder to generate a first set of coded bits.
[0075] Additionally, as part of constellation shaping, the transmitting device may generate a set of shaping bits based on performing a power savings analysis on the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits and generate output bits (e.g., a shaped version of the first set of coded bits) based on the power savings analysis. Lastly, the transmitting device may input to the output bits and the second set of bits into an error correction encoder and transmit the encoded bits to a receiving device. The receiving device may receive the encoded bits and utilize a polar decoder to obtain the set of information bits. In some cases, introducing the polar encoder may increase robustness and performance of the constellation shaping operation.
[0076] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communications system 200 may support aspects of a wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include wireless devices 205 which may be examples of UEs 115 or network entities 105 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0077] In some examples, the wireless communications system 200 may support a wireless device 205-a and a wireless device 205-b. The wireless device 205-a and the wireless device 205-b may be examples of a UE or a network entity. In the example of FIG. 2, the wireless device 205-a may include a transmitting device and the wireless device 205-b may include a receiving device. In such example, the wireless device 205-a may include one or more components configured to transmit signaling to the wireless device 205-b and the wireless device 205-b may include one or more components configured to receive the signaling from the wireless device 205-a.
[0078] In order to transmit the signaling to the wireless device 205-b, the wireless device 205-a may perform one or more operations. For example, the wireless device 205-a may perform constellation shaping. Constellation shaping may allow the wireless device 205-a to manipulate information bits such that lower power symbols are transmitted at a higher probability than higher power symbols. One example of constellation shaping may be geometric shaping. During geometric shaping, constellation points may be distributed non-uniformly (e.g., in one dimension or two dimensions) . For example, more constellation points may be located in areas where the amplitude is small and fewer constellation points may be gathered where the amplitude is high. In geometric shaping, searching via numeric or any other heuristic or machine learning approach may be performed. In some examples, geometric shaping may result in high demodulation complexity at the receiver side. Further, geometric shaping may be associated with a lower gain when compared to other types of constellation shaping (e.g., probabilistic shaping) .
[0079] Another type of constellation shaping may be probabilistic shaping. During probabilistic shaping, a distribution mapper may be applied to the information bits. The distribution mapper may convert the information bits into symbols with a desired distribution. In some examples, the desired distribution may be a distribution that produces a desired signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (e.g., a tunable SNR specific symbol distribution) or a desired transmit power. For example, the distribution may be a Maxwell-Boltzman distribution. Probabilistic shaping may result in less demodulation complexity at the receiver side than other types of constellation shaping (e.g., geometric shaping) . However, unlike other types of constellation shaping, probabilistic shaping may require a new component (e.g., the distribution mapper) to be introduced into the wireless devices 205-a as well as the wireless device 205-b.
[0080] Yet another type of constellation shaping may be probabilistic amplitude shaping. In some examples, each symbol may include two or more bits. The first bit of the two or more bits may be known as the MSB and may contribute to the transmit power more so than other bits of the two or more bits. For example, the transmit power may be lower if a logic value of the MSB is 0 than when the logic value of the MSB is 1.Using probabilistic amplitude shaping, a probability of the MSB may be changed such that more 0s are transmitted than 1s. To change the probability of a certain logic value of the MSBs, a bit-mask may be applied to the MSBs via an extra channel decoder (e.g., a channel decoder included in a shaping encoder of the wireless device 205-a) . But prior to applying the bit-mask, the wireless device 205-a may perform a power savings procedure and input the information bits into an log-likelihood ratio (LLR) generator. The LLR generator may determine the potential power savings after bit-masking (or bit flipping) the MSBs of the information bits (e.g., a portion of the information bits) and from this, the wireless device 205-a may determine whether bit-masking the MSBs will result in transmit power savings.
[0081] As one example, a set of information bits may include a first subset of information bits (100101) and a second subset of information bits (110100) . The first subset of information bits may be the MSBs of the set of information bits (or u0) and the second subset of information bits may be the other information bits (or u1) . Each bit of the first subset of information bits may correspond with a bit of the second subset of information bits and each pair may correspond to a different symbol. In such example, the pairs of information bits inputted into the LLR generator may be (11) , (01) , (00) , (11) , (00) , and (10) .
[0082] Once inputted into the LLR generator, the LLR generator may apply a bit-mask to the MSBs (or u0) resulting in the following pairs of bits: (01) , (11) , (10) , (01) , (10) , and (00) , as displayed in Table 1 and represented by symbol index 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The transmit power of a symbol may be 1, 9, 25, or 49 (e.g., depending on the amplitude of the symbol) , with 1 being the lowest transmit power and 49 being the highest transmit power. The LLR generator may determine the LLR (or power savings) of each pair of bits. For example, the original transmit power of the symbol with symbol index 1 may be 25 and after bit-masking, the transmit power of the symbol with symbol index 1 may be 9 resulting in an LLR (power savings delta) of -16. The resulting LLR for the pairs as displayed in Table 1 may be -16, 16, 48, -16, 48, and -48.
[0083] Table 1. LLR Generator.
[0084] The results of the LLR generator (e.g., -16, 16, 48, -16, 48, -48) may be input into a shaping encoder of the wireless device 205-a (e.g., a decoder of the shaping encoder) and the shaping encoder may output a set of shaping bits and a set of output bits. The set of shaping bits may indicate whether the bit-masking was applied to the MSB and the output bits may be used to shape the information bits (e.g., may be used to apply the bit-mask to the MSBs or u0) . In some examples, a number of shaping bits may depend on a code rate of the decoder of the shaping encoder (e.g., s=u0*R, where R is the code rate) and a number of the output bits may be equal to u0. The wireless device 205-a may determine the code rate of the decoder from an modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table configured at the wireless device 205-a.
[0085] Further, the shaping encoder may apply a Boolean function (e.g., XOR Boolean operation) to the information bits (or u0) and the output bits to generate the shaped information bits. Performing probabilistic amplitude shaping may result in less latency and demodulation complexity when compared to other types of constellation shaping (e.g., geometric shaping or probabilistic shaping) . Further, a wireless device 205-a does not require a distribution mapper to perform probabilistic amplitude shaping.
[0086] However, assumptions for the LLR generator and the shaping encoder may be very ideal. First, it is assumed that the first subset of information bits is equal to one codeword of the block code utilized by the shaping encoder and that a length of the output bits will be equal to a length the first subset of information bits such that the XOR operation may be performed. But, in some cases, the first subset of information bits may not be equal to one codeword of the block code utilized by the shaping encoder resulting in a difference between the length of the output bits and a length of the first subset of information bits. This mismatch in length may disrupt the XOR operation and may not result in shaped information bits that minimize transmit power. Second, another assumption may be that the decoder of the shaping encoder correctly decodes the first subset of information bits. If the decoder of the shaping encoder does not decode the first subset of information bits correctly, the length of output bits may be mismatched with the length of the first subset of information bits, among other issues.
[0087] In some examples, the wireless devices 205 may include one or more polar encoders 230 or one or more polar decoders 235. A polar encoder 230 may utilize polar code to encode a set of bits and a polar decoder 235 may utilize polar code to decode a set of encoded bits. Polar code may be an example of linear block error correcting code that achieves channel capacity. Further, polar code may have an associated length and dimension. The length of the polar code may define a number of component channels (or bit channels) used for polar coding and the dimension may represent a number of bits included in the set of bits.
[0088] Each component channel may have an associated reliability. The reliability of a component channel may refer to an erasure probability of the component channel or a probability that an encoded bit will be successfully decoded after transmission. The component channels used for polar coding may have different reliabilities. For example, a first component channel used for polar coding may correspond to a first reliability and a second component channel used for polar coding may correspond to a second reliability, where the first reliability is higher than the second reliability. In some examples, the polar encoder 230 may receive the set of bits and map each bit of the set of bits to a component channel. Each component channel of the polar encoder 230 may perform one or more encoding operations (e.g., XOR operations) on the bits. In some examples, encoding a bit in one component channel may depend on bits input into the one or more other component channels.
[0089] As described herein, the wireless device 205-a may utilize polar coding during constellation shaping for transmission of data 215 to the wireless device 205-b. In some examples, the wireless device 205-a may transmit data 215 to the wireless device 205-b. Prior to transmitting the data 215, the wireless device 205-a may transmit control information 220 to the wireless device 205-b. The control information 220 may include scheduling information regarding the transmission of the data 215. For example, the control information 220 may include a resource allocation for the data 215. As an example, the resource allocation may indicate time and frequency resources (e.g., REs 225) that the wireless device 205-b may utilize to receive the data 215 from the wireless device 205-a.
[0090] To prepare the data transmission, the wireless device 205-a may perform one or more operations. First, the wireless device 205-a may retrieve (or read) a set of information bits from its memory and input the set of information bits into a CRC generator. Using the CRC generator, the wireless device 205-a may generate a first set of bits with a length of B that includes the set of information bits as well as a set of CRC bits generated based on the set of information bits. Further, the wireless device 205-amay input the first set of bits into a demultiplexer. The demultiplexer may separate the first set of bits into a first subset of bits with a length of U (or b0, ..., bU-1) and a second subset of bits with a length of B-U (or bU, ..., bB-1) . In some examples, the first subset of bits may be high reliability bits (or MSBs) .
[0091] After separating the bits, the wireless device 205-a may perform constellation shaping on the first subset of bits. Constellation shaping may include the wireless device 205-a inputting the first subset of bits into a polar encoder 230. A length of the polar code utilized by the first polar encoder may be equal to H and the wireless device 205-a may determine a value for H using Equation 1. In Equation 1, E may be equal to a total number of bits included in data 215 (e.g., a number of encoded bits after ECE is performed) and Qm may be equal to a modulation order utilized by the wireless device 205-a to communicate with the wireless device 205-b. H=2*E / Qm (1)
[0092] The length of the polar code may define a number of component channels used for polar coding. As such, a number of components channels utilized by the polar encoder 230 may be equal to H. During polar encoding, the polar encoder 230 may input the first subset of bits into the lowest reliability component channels of the H component channels and input bits of a logic value of zero into the highest reliability component channel of the H component channels. In some examples, a number of bits with the logic value of zero may be equal to S and the wireless device 205-a may determine S using Equation 2. In Equation 2, Rs may equal to a shaping coding rate 210 (e.g., coding rate utilize by a decoder of the shaping encoder of the wireless device 205-a) . Output from the polar encoder 230 may be a first set of coded bits (or c0, ..., cH-1) and a length of coded bits may be equal to H. S=floor (Rs*H) (2)
[0093] Further, the wireless device 205-a may perform a power savings procedure using the LLR generator. The LLR generator may determine the potential power savings after bit-masking (or bit flipping) the first set of coded bits (or the MSBs) . In some examples, the LLR generator may be an example of a table that includes a number of rows and a number of columns. The number of rows may depend on the modulation order (or Qm) . For example, the number of rows may be determined using Equation 3. The number of columns, on the other hand, may be equal to H. Thus, a total number of bits that may be input into the table may be equal to E. Each column of the table may represent a symbol and each row of a column may represent a bit in that respective column or symbol. #number of rows=Qm / 2 (3)
[0094] The wireless device 205-a may input the first set of coded bits and the second subset of bits into the LLR generator. As shown in Table 2, the first set of coded bits (e.g., represented by c0, ..., cH-1) may be input into the first row (e.g., row index 0) of the LLR generator and the second subset of bits (e.g., represented by bU, ..., bB-1) may be input into the LLR generator in a row-first, column-second fashion (e.g., row index 1 followed by row index 2 and so on) until no more bits of the second subset of bits remain. After inputting the first set of coded bits and the second subset of bits into the LLR generator, a portion of the rows and columns of the LLR generator may be unfilled. Specifically, the LLR generator may include E- (B+S) empty spots. In each of the empty spots of the LLR generator, the wireless device 205-amay input a padding bit with a value of X.
[0095] Table 2. LLR Generator.
[0096] Further, the LLR generator may calculate the LLR (or power savings) for each column or symbol. When calculating the LLRs of the columns, the sign bits of the columns may be ignored. Table 3 illustrates an example of calculating LLR for a column (e.g., column index 0 of Table 2) of the LLR generator that does not include a padding bit with a value of x. In the example of Table 3, a set of information bits input into the LLR generator may be (101) . Once input into the LLR generator, the LLR generator may apply a bit-mask to the MSB of the set of information bits resulting in the following set of information bits: (001) . The transmit power of a symbol 101 may be 49 and a transmit power of a symbol 001 may be 1. Thus, the resulting LLR (power savings delta) for the column may be -48.
[0097] Table 3. LLR Calculation Example.
[0098] Table 4 illustrates an example of calculating LLR for a column of the LLR generator when the column includes a padding bit with a value of x. As shown in Table 4, a set of information bits input into the LLR generator may be (10x) . Once input into the LLR generator, the LLR generator may apply a bit-mask to the MSB of the set of information bits resulting in the following set of information bits: (00x) . When calculating LLR, both a logic value of 0 and 1 may be considered for x. For example, the transmit power of a symbol 101 may be 49 and a transmit power of a symbol 001 may be 1 resulting in a first LLR (power savings delta) of -48. Further, a transmit power of a symbol 100 may be 49 and a transmit power of 000 may be 1 resulting in a second LLR (power savings delta) of -48. The resulting LLR for the column may be the average of the first LLR and the second LLR. Thus, the resulting LLR for the column may be -48.
[0099] Table 4. LLR Calculation Example.
[0100] Upon determining the LLR for each column, the LLR generator may output an LLR sequence (or r0, ..., rH-1) . In some examples, the LLR sequence may indicate whether or not transmit power savings can be achieved by inverting a bit of the first set of coded bits for each column of the LLR generator. The wireless device 205-a may input the sequence into the decoder of the shaping encoder and the decoder may output a set of shaping bits. In some examples, a length of the set of shaping bits (or e0, ..., eS-1) may depend on a coding rate of the shaping decoder (or Rs) as shown in Equation 2. Further, a code type for the decoder may be polar code.
[0101] The wireless device 205-a may then input the set of shaping bits into a second polar encoder. A length of the polar code utilized by the second polar encoder may be equal to H. The length of the polar code may define a number of component channels used for polar coding. As such, a number of components carrier utilized by the second polar encoder may be equal to H. During polar encoding, the second polar encoder may input the set of shaping bits into the highest reliability component channels of the H component channels and input bits of a logic value of zero into the lowest reliability component channel of the H component channels. In some examples, a number of bits with the logic value of zero may be equal to U. Output from the polar encoder may be a second set of coded bits (or f0, ..., fH-1) and a length of the second set of coded bits may be equal to H.
[0102] Further, the wireless device 205-a may apply a Boolean function to the first set of coded bits and the second set of coded bits to generate a set of output bits. The set of output bits may be a version of the first set of coded bits (e.g., a shaped version) that is associated with less transmission power. Additionally, the wireless device 205-a may perform ECE on the set of output bits and the second subset of bits such that errors (e.g., errors resulting from transmitting the data 215 from the wireless device 205-a to the wireless device 205-b) may be detected and potentially corrected. To perform ECE, the wireless device 205-a may input the set of output bits and the second subset of bits in an error correction encoder (e.g., FEC encoder) and generate a set of parity bits based on the set of output bits and the second subset of bits. The set of output bits, the second subset bits, and the parity bits may be collectivity known as the data 215. Lastly, the wireless device 205-a may transmit the data 215 to the wireless device 205-b using the REs 225 indicated in the control information 220.
[0103] The wireless device 205-b may receive the data 215 using the REs 225 and decode the data 215 in order to retrieve the set of information bits. In some examples, in order to decode the data 215, the wireless device 205-b may determine a TB size or a size of the set of information bits (or B) . To determine the TB size, the wireless device 205-b may retrieve a size of the sequence input in the error correction encoder (e.g., a size of the combination of the set of output bits and the second subset of bits or K) . The wireless device 205-b may retrieve the size of the input sequence of the error correction encoder based on the MCS level and a number of PRBs allocated for the data 215. An MCS index may be provided to the wireless device 205-b in the control information 220 and the wireless device 205-b may utilize the MCS index along with a pre-configured MCS table to determine the MCS level.
[0104] Once the wireless device 205-b knows the size of the input sequence to the error correction encoder, the wireless device 205-b may determine H using Equation 4. In Equation 4, NRE may be equal to the number of REs 225 allocated for the data 215. Further, the wireless device 205-b may calculate a size of the set of shaping bits (or S) using Equation 2. The shaping coding rate 210 or Rs in Equation 2 may be provided to the wireless device 205-b in the control information 220. Lastly, the wireless device 205-b may determine the TB size (or B) using Equation 5. Using the knowledge of the TB size along with the polar decoder 235, the wireless device 205-b may decode the data 215 and obtain the set of information bit from the wireless device 205-a. H=2*NRE (4) B=K-S (5)
[0105] FIG. 3 shows an example of a transmitter component diagram 300 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the transmitter component diagram 300 may be implemented by aspects of a wireless communications system 100 and a wireless communications system 200. For example, the transmitter component diagram 300 may be implemented by a network entity, a UE 115, or a wireless device 205 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2.
[0106] In some examples, data may arrive at a transmitting device and the data may include a set of information bits 305. After the data arrives at the transmitting device, the transmitting device may input the set of information bits 305 into a CRC encoder 310. Using the CRC encoder 310, the transmitting device may append CRC bits to the set of information bits 305 for the purpose of detecting accidental changes or errors to the set of information bits 305 in a communication channel. The combination of the set of information bits 305 and the CRC bits may be represented by b0, ..., bB-1, where B is equal to a summation of a number of bits included in the set of information bits and a number of bits included in the CRC bits.
[0107] After going through the CRC encoder 310, the transmitting device may input the set of information bits 305 with the attached CRC bits (e.g., b0, ..., bB-1) into a demultiplexer 315. Using the demultiplexer 315, the transmitting device may split the set of information bits 305 with the attached CRC bits into a first set of bits and a second set of bits. The first set of bits may be high reliability bits or MSBs and may be represented by b0, ..., bU-1. The second set of bits may be the remaining bits and may be represented by bU, ..., bB-1.
[0108] Next, the first set of bits may flow to a polar encoder 320-a. The polar encoder 320-a may utilize a polar code of length H to encode the first set of bits. In some examples, H may depend on modulation order utilized by the transmitting device and a number of bits output from a ECE 325 as illustrated in Equation 1 of FIG. 2. During polar encoding, the first set of bits may be mapped to the lowest reliability channels and bits with a logic value of zero may be mapped to the remaining channels (or the highest reliability channels) . A number of bits with a logic value of zero may be equal to S. S may represent a number of shaping bits output from a decoder utilized during constellation shaping (e.g., polar decoder 330) . Output from the polar encoder 320-a may be a first set of coded bits which may be represented by c0, ..., cH-1.
[0109] Further, the transmitting device may perform a power savings analysis on the first set of coded bits and input the first set of coded bits as well as the second set of bits into an LLR generator 335. As described in FIG. 2, the LLR generator 335 may calculate the potential power savings that may result from bit flipping the first set of coded bits and generate an LLR sequence represented by r0, ..., rH-1. The transmitting device may input the LLR sequence into a polar decoder 330 and the polar decoder 330 may utilize polar code to generate a set of shaping bits represented by e0, ... eS-1. A coding rate of the polar decoder 330 may determine a number of bits included in the set of shaping bits as illustrated in Equation 2 of FIG. 2.
[0110] Further, the transmitting device may input the set of shaping bits into a polar encoder 320-b. The polar encoder 320-b may utilize a polar code of length H to encode the set of shaping bits. During polar encoding, the set of shaping bits may be mapped to the highest reliability channels and bits with a logic value of zero may be mapped to the remaining channels (or the lowest reliability channels) . A number of bits with a logic value of zero may be equal to U. Output from the polar encoder 320-b may be a second set of coded bits which may be represented by f0, ..., fH-1. Further, the transmitting device may apply a Boolean function to the second set of coded bits and the first set of coded bits to generate a set of output bits represented by g0, ..., gH-1. In some examples, the Boolean function may be an example of an XOR function. As described herein, performing polar encoding may ensure that the inputs (e.g., the first set of coded bits and the second set of coded bits) of the Boolean function are of the same size (e.g., H) resulting in a more robust constellation shaping procedure.
[0111] After applying the Boolean function, the transmitting device may perform ECE 325 on the second set of bits and the output bits to generate encoded bits 340. During ECE 325, a set of parity bits may be generated based on the second set of bits and the output bits and appended to the second set of bits and the output bits. The set of parity bits may allow a device receiving the encoded bits 340 to identify errors in the received data and potentially correct the errors if detected. After performing ECE 325, the transmitting device may transmit the encoded bits 340 to a receiving device.
[0112] FIG. 4 shows an example of a receiver component diagram 400 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the receiver component diagram 400 may be implemented by aspects of a wireless communications system 100 and a wireless communications system 200. For example, the receiver component diagram 400 may be implemented by a network entity 105, a UE 115, or a wireless device 205 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2.
[0113] In some examples, a receiving device may receive encoded bits 430 from a transmitting device using a set of REs. Upon receiving the encoded bits 430, the receiving device may perform error correction decoding (ECD) 425 on the encoded bits 430 to generate a first set of bits. Performing ECD 425 may include generating a set of parity bits based on the received encoded bits 430 and comparing the generated parity bits to the parity bits included in the encoded bits 430 to identify errors and potentially correct the errors if detected.
[0114] After performing ECD 425, the receiving device may input the first set of bits into a demultiplexer 415. The demultiplexer 415 may separate the first set of bits into a second set of bits and a third set of bits. The second set of bits may be the shaped bits (or g0, ..., gH-1) and the third set of bits may be the unshaped bits (or bU, ..., bB-1) . Further, the receiving device may input the second set of bits into a polar decoder 420. The receiving device may determine the coding rate of the polar decoder 420 based on control information. For example, prior to receiving the encoded bits 430, the receiving device may receive control information (e.g., downlink control information (DCI) ) including an MCS table index. The MCS table index may correspond to an MCS table that identifies the coding rate for the polar decoder 420. In some examples, the receiving device may be configured with the MCS table via RRC signaling.
[0115] The output of the polar decoder 420 may be a set of shaping bits (or e0, ... eS-1) and a fourth set of bits (or b0, ..., bU-1) . The receiving device may discard the set of shaping bits and input the third set of bits and the fourth set of bits into a concatenator 435. The concatenator 435 may combine the third set of bits and the fourth set of bits creating a fifth set of bits which may be represented by b0, ..., bB-1. Further, the transmitting device may input the fifth set of bits into a CRC decoder 410 and perform a CRC check. During the CRC check, the receiving device may analyze the CRC bits of the fifth set of bits (e.g., CRC bits appended during transmission) to determine whether the set of information bits 405 included in the fifth set of bits includes any errors. If there are no errors, the set of information bits 405 may be successfully received by the receiving device.
[0116] In some examples, the receiving device may determine the TB size of the data transmission. To determine the TB size, the receiving device may determine a size of the input sequence of an error correction encoder at the transmitting device (or K) . Further, as described in FIG. 2, upon determining K, the receiving device may utilize Equations 2, 4, and 5 to determine the TB size of the data transmission.
[0117] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow 500 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow 500 may be implemented by aspects of a wireless communications system 100, a wireless communications system 200, a transmitter component diagram 300, and a receiver component diagram 400. For example, the process flow 500 may be implemented by wireless devices 505 which may be an example of UEs 115, network entities 105, or wireless devices 205 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. Alternative examples of the following may be implemented, where some steps are performed in a different order than described or are not performed at all. In some cases, steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or further steps may be added.
[0118] At 510, the wireless device 505-a may generate a first set of bits and a second set of bits. In some examples, the wireless device 505-a may generate the first set of bits and the second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits in a demultiplexer. The first set of bits may correspond to MSBs (or the bits to be shaped) and the second set of bits may correspond to the remaining bits.
[0119] Further, the wireless device 505-a may perform constellation shaping on the first set of bits. As part of constellation shaping and at 515, the wireless device 505-amay generate a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder. A code type utilized by the first encoder may be polar code. In some examples, the first encoder may map the first set of bits to a first set of components channels and map a third set of bits to a second set of component channels that is a higher reliability than the first set of component channels. A logic value of each bit of the third set of bits may be zero and a size of the third set of bits may be based on a size of a set of shaping bit. In addition, a quantity of component channels included in the first set of component channel and the second set of component channels may be based on a length of the polar code.
[0120] Further, as another part of constellation shaping and at 520, the wireless device 505-a may generate a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits. In some examples, to determine the transmit power parameters, the wireless device 505-a may perform a power savings procedure. The power savings procedure may include the wireless device 505-a inputting the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits into a table in a row-first, column-second fashion. A number of columns of the table may be based on a length of the first set of coded bits and a quantity of rows of the table may be based on a modulation order used by the wireless device 505-a. Once the wireless device 505-a inputs the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits into the table, the wireless device 505-a may fill the remaining rows and columns of the table with a set of padding bits. Each padding bit of the set of padding bits may have value of X.
[0121] For each column of the table, the wireless device 505-a may calculate a respective transmit power parameter. In one example, to calculate a transmit power parameter of a first column of the table, the wireless device 505-a may determine a first transmit power for a first column based on a logic value of the first bit in the first row of the first column (e.g., MSB of a symbol corresponding to the first column) and a logic value of a second bit in a second row of the first column. Further, the wireless device may invert the logic value of the first bit and determine a second transmit power for the first column based on the inverted logic value of the first bits and the logic value of the second bit. The transmit power parameter for the first column may be a difference between the second transmit power and the first transmit power.
[0122] Additionally, as part of constellation shaping and at 525, the wireless device 505-a may generate a set of output bits based on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits. In some examples, generating the set of output bits may include generating a second set of coded bits based on inputting the set of shaping bits into a second encoder and applying a Boolean function (e.g., an XOR operation) to the second set of coded bits and the first set of coded bits. A code type associated with the second encoder may be polar code. In some examples, the second encoder may map the set of shaping bits to a first set of components channels and map a fourth set of bits to a second set of component channels that is a lower reliability than the first set of component channels. A logic value of each bit of the fourth set of bits may be zero and a size of the third set of bits may be based on a size of the first set of bits. In addition, a quantity of component channels included in the first set of component channel and the second set of component channels may be based on a length of the polar code and a length of the polar code may be based on the first set of coded bits.
[0123] At 530, the wireless device 505-a may perform ECE on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits and transmit the set of encoded bits to the wireless device 505-b at 535.
[0124] The wireless device 505-b may receive the set of encoded bits and perform similar operations as the wireless device 505-a to decode the set of encoded bits. For example, at 540, the wireless device 505-b may perform ECD on the set of encoded bits and generate a first set of bits. Further, at 545, the wireless device 505-b may input the first set of bits into a demultiplexer and generate a second set of bits and third set of bits and perform constellation deshaping on the second set of bits at 545.
[0125] As a part of constellation deshaping, the wireless device 505-b may generate a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder that utilizes polar code. In some examples, prior to receiving the set of encoded bits at 535, the wireless device 505-b may receive a first control signal that indicates an MCS table that includes a set of coding rates. The set of coding rate may include a first coding rate associated with the decoder and a second coding rate associated with a second decoder used to perform ECD. Further, the wireless device 505-b may receive a second control message including a first index and a second index to the MCS that identifies the first coding scheme and the second coding scheme respectively.
[0126] Further, the wireless device 505-b may generate a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator. The first set of bits may include a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits. In some examples, the wireless device 505-b may determine a length of the fifth set of bits or a TB size. The length of fifth set of bits may be a difference between a length of the first set of bits and a length of the set of shaping bits. The wireless device 505-b may determine the length of the set of shaping bits based on the first coding rate and a length of the set of first set of bits based on the first coding rate and a length of the polar code. The length of the polar code may be multiple of a quantity of a REs allocated for the set of encoded bits. After generating the fifth set of bits, the wireless device 505-b may perform a CRC check on the fifth set of bits and obtain the set of information bits.
[0127] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, and the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0128] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0129] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0130] The communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0131] In some examples, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0132] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0133] In some examples, the communications manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0134] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications at a first device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a first set of bits and a second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits. In some examples, to perform the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, the communications manager 620 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, where a code type associated with the first encoder includes polar code, generating a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits, and generating a set of output bits based on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing an ECE operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the set of encoded bits.
[0135] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620 may support wireless communication at a second device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of encoded bits. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a first set of bits based on performing an ECD operation on the set of encoded bits. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a second set of bits and a third set of bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits. In some examples, to perform the constellation deshaping operation, the communications manager 620 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, where a code type associated with the decoder includes polar code. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, where the fifth set of bits includes a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits.
[0136] By including or configuring the communications manager 620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 605 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing and more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0137] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605, a UE 115, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one or more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, and the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0138] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0139] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0140] The device 705, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a demultiplexer component 725, a constellation shaping component 730, an error correction component 735, a data transceiver 740, a constellation deshaping component 745, a concatenator component 750, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0141] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications at a first device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The demultiplexer component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a first set of bits and a second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer. The constellation shaping component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits. In some examples, to perform the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, the constellation shaping component 730 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, where a code type associated with the first encoder includes polar code, the constellation shaping component 730 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits, and the constellation shaping component 730 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a set of output bits based on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits. The error correction component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing an ECE operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits. The data transceiver 740 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the set of encoded bits.
[0142] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communication at a second device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The data transceiver 740 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of encoded bits. The error correction component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a first set of bits based on performing an ECD operation on the set of encoded bits. The demultiplexer component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a second set of bits and a third set of bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer. The constellation deshaping component 745 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits. In some examples, to perform the constellation deshaping operation, the constellation deshaping component 745 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, where a code type associated with the decoder includes polar code. The concatenator component 750 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, where the fifth set of bits includes a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits.
[0143] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 820 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620, a communications manager 720, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a demultiplexer component 825, a constellation shaping component 830, an error correction component 835, a data transceiver 840, a constellation deshaping component 845, a concatenator component 850, a coding rate component 855, a TB size component 860, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) which may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0144] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications at a first device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The demultiplexer component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a first set of bits and a second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer. The constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits. In some examples, to perform the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, the constellation shaping component 830 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, where a code type associated with the first encoder includes polar code, the constellation shaping component 830 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits, and the constellation shaping component 830 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a set of output bits based on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits. The error correction component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing an ECE operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits. The data transceiver 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the set of encoded bits.
[0145] In some examples, to support generating the set of output bits, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a second set of coded bits based on inputting the set of shaping bits into a second encoder, where a code type associated with the second encoder includes polar code. In some examples, to support generating the set of output bits, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying a Boolean function to the second set of coded bits and the first set of coded bits to generate the set of output bits.
[0146] In some examples, to support generating the second set of coded bits, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping the set of shaping bits to a first set of component channels. In some examples, to support generating the second set of coded bits, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping a third set of bits to a second set of component channels that is associated with a channel reliability less than a channel reliability associated with the first set of component channels, where a logic value of each bit of the third set of bits includes a zero, and where a length of the third set of bits is based on a length of the first set of bits.
[0147] In some examples, a quantity of component channels included in the first set of component channels and the second set of component channels is based on a length associated with the polar code. In some examples, the Boolean function includes an XOR function.
[0148] In some examples, to support generating the first set of coded bits, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping the first set of bits to a first set of component channels. In some examples, to support generating the first set of coded bits, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping a third set of bits to a second set of component channels that is associated with a channel reliability greater than a channel reliability associated the first set of component channels, where a logic value of each bit of the third set of bits includes a zero, and where a length of the third set of bits is based on a length of the set of shaping bits.
[0149] In some examples, a quantity of component channels included in the first set of component channels and the second set of component channels is based on a length associated with the polar code. In some examples, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a power saving procedure based on the first set of coded bits, where generating the set of shaping bits is based on the power saving procedure.
[0150] In some examples, to support performing the power saving procedure, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits into a table in a row-first, column-second fashion, where the table includes a quantity of columns that is based on a length of the first set of coded bits and a quantity of rows that is based on a modulation order used for communication between the first device and a second device.
[0151] In some examples, to support performing the power saving procedure, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting, after inputting the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits, a set of padding bits into the table, where a length of the set of padding bits is based on a difference between a length of a combination of the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits and a length of the set of encoded bits.
[0152] In some examples, to support performing the power saving procedure, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for calculating a respective transmit power parameter for each column of the table, where the one or more transmit power parameters include the respective transmit power parameters.
[0153] In some examples, to support calculating the respective transmit power parameter, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a first transmit power for a first column based on a logic value of a first bit in a first row of the first column and a logic value of a second bit in a second row of the first column. In some examples, to support calculating the respective transmit power parameter, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inverting the logic value of the first bit. In some examples, to support calculating the respective transmit power parameter, the constellation shaping component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a second transmit power for the first column based on the inverted logic value of the first bit and the logic value of the second bit, where the respective transmit power parameter includes a difference between the second transmit power and the first transmit power.
[0154] In some examples, the first bit corresponds to a MSB of a symbol. In some examples, the coding rate component 855 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a control message indicating a coding rate associated with the set of shaping bits, where a length of the set of shaping bits is based on the coding rate.
[0155] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communication at a second device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the data transceiver 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of encoded bits. In some examples, the error correction component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a first set of bits based on performing an ECD operation on the set of encoded bits. In some examples, the demultiplexer component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a second set of bits and a third set of bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer. The constellation deshaping component 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits. In some examples, to perform the constellation deshaping operation, the constellation deshaping component 845 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, where a code type associated with the decoder includes polar code. The concatenator component 850 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, where the fifth set of bits includes a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits.
[0156] In some examples, the TB size component 860 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a length of the fifth set of bits based on a difference between a length of the first set of bits and a length of the set of shaping bits, where the length of the first set of bits is based on a first coding rate used by a second decoder to perform the ECD operation.
[0157] In some examples, the TB size component 860 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining the length of the set of shaping bits based on a second coding rate associated with the set of shaping bits and a length associated with the polar code. In some examples, the length associated with the polar code is a multiple of a quantity of REs allocated for the set of encoded bits.
[0158] In some examples, the coding rate component 855 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first control message indicating a MCS table, where the MCS table includes an indication of a set of multiple coding rates, the set of multiple coding rates including the first coding rate and the second coding rate. In some examples, the coding rate component 855 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a second control message including a first index and a second index to the MCS table that identifies the first coding rate and the second coding rate, respectively.
[0159] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include the components of a device 605, a device 705, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller 910, a transceiver 915, an antenna 925, at least one memory 930, code 935, and at least one processor 940. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945) .
[0160] The I / O controller 910 may manage input and output signals for the device 905. The I / O controller 910 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the I / O controller 910 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 940. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 905 via the I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 910.
[0161] In some cases, the device 905 may include a single antenna 925. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna 925, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 915 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 925, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 915 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 925. The transceiver 915, or the transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925, may be an example of a transmitter 615, a transmitter 715, a receiver 610, a receiver 710, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0162] The at least one memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 935 including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 940, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 930 may contain, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0163] The at least one processor 940 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 940. The at least one processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 930) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 940 and at least one memory 930 coupled with or to the at least one processor 940, the at least one processor 940 and at least one memory 930 configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 930 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0164] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications at a first device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a first set of bits and a second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits. In some examples, to perform the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, the communications manager 920 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, where a code type associated with the first encoder includes polar code, generating a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits, and generating a set of output bits based on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing an ECE operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the set of encoded bits.
[0165] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communication at a second device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of encoded bits. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a first set of bits based on performing an ECD operation on the set of encoded bits. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a second set of bits and a third set of bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits. In some examples, to perform the constellation deshaping operation, the communications manager 920 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, where a code type associated with the decoder includes polar code. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, where the fifth set of bits includes a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits.
[0166] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and improved coordination between devices.
[0167] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 915, the one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 940, the at least one memory 930, the code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 940 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping as described herein, or the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0168] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of or include the components of a device 605, a device 705, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1005 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1020, a transceiver 1010, an antenna 1015, at least one memory 1025, code 1030, and at least one processor 1035. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1040) .
[0169] The transceiver 1010 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1010 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1010 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1005 may include one or more antennas 1015, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1010 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1015, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1015, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1015 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1015 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010, or the transceiver 1010 and the one or more antennas 1015, or the transceiver 1010 and the one or more antennas 1015 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1035, the at least one memory 1025, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1005. In some examples, the transceiver 1010 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., a communication link 125, a backhaul communication link 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0170] The at least one memory 1025 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1025 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1030 including instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1035, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1030 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1030 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1035 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1025 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1035 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1025 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0171] The at least one processor 1035 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1035 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1035. The at least one processor 1035 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1025) to cause the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping) . For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include at least one processor 1035 and at least one memory 1025 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1035, the at least one processor 1035 and the at least one memory 1025 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1035 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1030) to perform the functions of the device 1005. The at least one processor 1035 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1005 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1025) . In some implementations, the at least one processor 1035 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the device 1005) . For example, a processing system of the device 1005 may refer to a system including the various other components or subcomponents of the device 1005, such as the at least one processor 1035, or the transceiver 1010, or the communications manager 1020, or other components or combinations of components of the device 1005. The processing system of the device 1005 may interface with other components of the device 1005, and may process information received from other components (such as inputs or signals) or output information to other components. For example, a chip or modem of the device 1005 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces to output information, or to obtain information, or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information, or a same interface configured to output information and to obtain information, among other implementations. In some implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the device 1005 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. Additionally, or alternatively, in some implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the device 1005 may obtain information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that a first interface also may obtain information or signal inputs, and a second interface also may output information or signal outputs.
[0172] In some examples, a bus 1040 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1040 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1005, or between different components of the device 1005 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1005 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1020, the transceiver 1010, the at least one memory 1025, the code 1030, and the at least one processor 1035 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0173] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1020 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may manage communications with other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other network entities 105. In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0174] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications at a first device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a first set of bits and a second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits. In some examples, to perform the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, the communications manager 1020 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, where a code type associated with the first encoder includes polar code, generating a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits, and generating a set of output bits based on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing an ECE operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the set of encoded bits.
[0175] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication at a second device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of encoded bits. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a first set of bits based on performing an ECD operation on the set of encoded bits. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a second set of bits and a third set of bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits. In some examples, to perform the constellation deshaping operation, the communications manager 1020 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, where a code type associated with the decoder includes polar code. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, where the fifth set of bits includes a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits.
[0176] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and improved coordination between devices.
[0177] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1010, the one or more antennas 1015 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1020 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1010, one or more of the at least one processor 1035, one or more of the at least one memory 1025, the code 1030, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1035, the at least one memory 1025, the code 1030, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 1030 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1035 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping as described herein, or the at least one processor 1035 and the at least one memory 1025 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0178] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0179] At 1105, the method may include generating a first set of bits and a second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer. The operations of block 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a demultiplexer component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0180] At 1110, the method may include performing a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits. In some examples, performing the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits may include generating a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, where a code type associated with the first encoder includes polar code, generating a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits, and generating a set of output bits based on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits. The operations of block 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a constellation shaping component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0181] At 1115, the method may include performing an ECE operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits. The operations of block 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by an error correction component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0182] At 1120, the method may include transmitting the set of encoded bits. The operations of block 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a data transceiver 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0183] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0184] At 1205, the method may include generating a first set of bits and a second set of bits based on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer. The operations of block 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a demultiplexer component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0185] At 1210, the method may include performing a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits. In some examples, performing the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits may include generating a first set of coded bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, where a code type associated with the first encoder includes polar code, performing a power saving procedure based on the first set of coded bits, generating a set of shaping bits based on the second set of bits, one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits, and the power saving procedure, and generating a set of output bits based on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits. The operations of block 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a constellation shaping component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0186] At 1215, the method may include performing an ECE operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits. The operations of block 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by an error correction component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0187] At 1220, the method may include transmitting the set of encoded bits. The operations of block 1220 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by a data transceiver 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0188] FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0189] At 1305, the method may include receiving a set of encoded bits. The operations of block 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a data transceiver 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0190] At 1310, the method may include generating a first set of bits based on performing an ECD operation on the set of encoded bits. The operations of block 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by an error correction component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0191] At 1315, the method may include generating a second set of bits and a third set of bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer. The operations of block 1315 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by a demultiplexer component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0192] At 1320, the method may include performing a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits. In some examples, performing the constellation deshaping operation may include generating a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, where a code type associated with the decoder includes polar code. The operations of block 1320 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1320 may be performed by a constellation deshaping component 845 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0193] At 1325, the method may include generating a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, where the fifth set of bits includes a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits. The operations of block 1325 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1325 may be performed by a concatenator component 850 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0194] FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports polar encoding schemes for constellation shaping in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0195] At 1405, the method may include determining a length of a fifth set of bits based on a difference between a length of the first set of bits and a length of a set of shaping bits, where the length of the first set of bits is based on a first coding rate used by a second decoder to perform an ECD operation. The operations of block 1405 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by a TB size component 860 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0196] At 1410, the method may include receiving a set of encoded bits. The operations of block 1410 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a data transceiver 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0197] At 1415, the method may include generating the first set of bits based on performing the ECD operation on the set of encoded bits. The operations of block 1415 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed by an error correction component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0198] At 1420, the method may include generating a second set of bits and a third set of bits based on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer. The operations of block 1420 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed by a demultiplexer component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0199] At 1425, the method may include performing a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits. In some examples, performing the constellation deshaping operation may include generating a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, where a code type associated with the decoder includes polar code. The operations of block 1425 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1425 may be performed by a constellation deshaping component 845 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0200] At 1430, the method may include generating a fifth set of bits based on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, where the fifth set of bits includes a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits. The operations of block 1430 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1430 may be performed by a concatenator component 850 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0201] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0202] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a first device, comprising: generating a first set of bits and a second set of bits based at least in part on inputting a set of information bits and a set of CRC bits into a demultiplexer; performing a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, wherein performing the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits comprises: generating a first set of coded bits based at least in part on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, wherein a code type associated with the first encoder comprises polar code; generating a set of shaping bits based at least in part on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits; and generating a set of output bits based at least in part on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits; performing an ECE operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits; and transmitting the set of encoded bits.
[0203] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein generating the set of output bits comprises: generating a second set of coded bits based at least in part on inputting the set of shaping bits into a second encoder, wherein a code type associated with the second encoder comprises polar code; and applying a Boolean function to the second set of coded bits and the first set of coded bits to generate the set of output bits.
[0204] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, wherein generating the second set of coded bits comprises: mapping the set of shaping bits to a first set of component channels; and mapping a third set of bits to a second set of component channels that is associated with a channel reliability less than a channel reliability associated with the first set of component channels, wherein a logic value of each bit of the third set of bits comprises a zero, and wherein a length of the third set of bits is based at least in part on a length of the first set of bits.
[0205] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein a quantity of component channels included in the first set of component channels and the second set of component channels is based at least in part on a length associated with the polar code.
[0206] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 2 through 4, wherein the Boolean function comprises an XOR function.
[0207] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein generating the first set of coded bits comprises: mapping the first set of bits to a first set of component channels; and mapping a third set of bits to a second set of component channels that is associated with a channel reliability greater than a channel reliability associated the first set of component channels, wherein a logic value of each bit of the third set of bits comprises a zero, and wherein a length of the third set of bits is based at least in part on a length of the set of shaping bits.
[0208] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, wherein a quantity of component channels included in the first set of component channels and the second set of component channels is based at least in part on a length associated with the polar code.
[0209] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, further comprising: performing a power saving procedure based at least in part on the first set of coded bits, wherein generating the set of shaping bits is based at least in part on the power saving procedure.
[0210] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, wherein performing the power saving procedure comprises: inputting the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits into a table in a row-first, column-second fashion, wherein the table comprises a quantity of columns that is based on a length of the first set of coded bits and a quantity of rows that is based on a modulation order used for communication between the first device and a second device.
[0211] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein performing the power saving procedure comprises: inputting, after inputting the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits, a set of padding bits into the table, wherein a length of the set of padding bits is based at least in part on a difference between a length of a combination of the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits and a length of the set of encoded bits.
[0212] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 9 through 10, wherein performing the power saving procedure comprises: calculating a respective transmit power parameter for each column of the table, wherein the one or more transmit power parameters comprise the respective transmit power parameters.
[0213] Aspect 12: The method of aspect 11, wherein calculating the respective transmit power parameter comprises: determining a first transmit power for a first column based at least in part on a logic value of a first bit in a first row of the first column and a logic value of a second bit in a second row of the first column; inverting the logic value of the first bit; and determining a second transmit power for the first column based at least in part on the inverted logic value of the first bit and the logic value of the second bit, wherein the respective transmit power parameter comprises a difference between the second transmit power and the first transmit power.
[0214] Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12, wherein the first bit corresponds to a MSB of a symbol.
[0215] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 1 through 13, further comprising: receiving a control message indicating a coding rate associated with the set of shaping bits, wherein a length of the set of shaping bits is based at least in part on the coding rate.
[0216] Aspect 15: A method for wireless communication at a second device, comprising: receiving a set of encoded bits; generating a first set of bits based at least in part on performing an ECD operation on the set of encoded bits; generating a second set of bits and a third set of bits based at least in part on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer; performing a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits, wherein performing the constellation deshaping operation comprises: generating a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based at least in part on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, wherein a code type associated with the decoder comprises polar code; and generating a fifth set of bits based at least in part on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, wherein the fifth set of bits comprises a set of CRC bits and a set of information bits.
[0217] Aspect 16: The method of aspect 15, further comprising: determining a length of the fifth set of bits based at least in part on a difference between a length of the first set of bits and a length of the set of shaping bits, wherein the length of the first set of bits is based at least in part on a first coding rate used by a second decoder to perform the ECD operation.
[0218] Aspect 17: The method of aspect 16, further comprising: determining the length of the set of shaping bits based at least in part on a second coding rate associated with the set of shaping bits and a length associated with the polar code.
[0219] Aspect 18: The method of aspect 17, wherein the length associated with the polar code is a multiple of a quantity of REs allocated for the set of encoded bits.
[0220] Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 17 through 18, further comprising: receiving a first control message indicating a MCS table, wherein the MCS table comprises an indication of a plurality of coding rates, the plurality of coding rates comprising the first coding rate and the second coding rate; and transmitting a second control message comprising a first index and a second index to the MCS table that identifies the first coding rate and the second coding rate, respectively.
[0221] Aspect 20: An apparatus for wireless communications at a first device, comprising at least one processor; at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor; and instructions stored in the at least one memory and executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0222] Aspect 21: An apparatus for wireless communications at a first device, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0223] Aspect 22: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a first device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
[0224] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication at a second device, comprising at least one processor; at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor; and instructions stored in the at least one memory and executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 19.
[0225] Aspect 24: An apparatus for wireless communication at a second device, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 15 through 19.
[0226] Aspect 25: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a second device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 19.
[0227] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0228] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0229] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0230] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0231] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0232] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0233] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0234] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0235] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0236] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.
[0237] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0238] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communications at a first device, comprising:at least one processor;at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor; andinstructions stored in the at least one memory and executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:generate a first set of bits and a second set of bits based at least in part on inputting a set of information bits and a set of cyclic redundancy check bits into a demultiplexer;perform a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, wherein the instructions to perform the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:generate a first set of coded bits based at least in part on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, wherein a code type associated with the first encoder comprises polar code;generate a set of shaping bits based at least in part on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits; andgenerate a set of output bits based at least in part on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits;perform an error correction encoding operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits; andtransmit the set of encoded bits.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions to generate the set of output bits are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:generate a second set of coded bits based at least in part on inputting the set of shaping bits into a second encoder, wherein a code type associated with the second encoder comprises polar code; andapply a Boolean function to the second set of coded bits and the first set of coded bits to generate the set of output bits.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions to generate the second set of coded bits are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:map the set of shaping bits to a first set of component channels; andmap a third set of bits to a second set of component channels that is associated with a channel reliability less than a channel reliability associated with the first set of component channels, wherein a logic value of each bit of the third set of bits comprises a zero, and wherein a length of the third set of bits is based at least in part on a length of the first set of bits.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein a quantity of component channels included in the first set of component channels and the second set of component channels is based at least in part on a length associated with the polar code.5.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the Boolean function comprises an XOR function.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions to generate the first set of coded bits are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:map the first set of bits to a first set of component channels; andmap a third set of bits to a second set of component channels that is associated with a channel reliability greater than a channel reliability associated the first set of component channels, wherein a logic value of each bit of the third set of bits comprises a zero, and wherein a length of the third set of bits is based at least in part on a length of the set of shaping bits.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein a quantity of component channels included in the first set of component channels and the second set of component channels is based at least in part on a length associated with the polar code.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:perform a power saving procedure based at least in part on the first set of coded bits, wherein generating the set of shaping bits is based at least in part on the power saving procedure.9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the instructions to perform the power saving procedure are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:input the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits into a table in a row-first, column-second fashion, wherein the table comprises a quantity of columns that is based on a length of the first set of coded bits and a quantity of rows that is based on a modulation order used for communication between the first device and a second device.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the instructions to perform the power saving procedure are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:input, after inputting the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits, a set of padding bits into the table, wherein a length of the set of padding bits is based at least in part on a difference between a length of a combination of the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits and a length of the set of encoded bits.11.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the instructions to perform the power saving procedure are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:calculate a respective transmit power parameter for each column of the table, wherein the one or more transmit power parameters comprise the respective transmit power parameters.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions to calculate the respective transmit power parameter are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:determine a first transmit power for a first column based at least in part on a logic value of a first bit in a first row of the first column and a logic value of a second bit in a second row of the first column;invert the logic value of the first bit; anddetermine a second transmit power for the first column based at least in part on the inverted logic value of the first bit and the logic value of the second bit, wherein the respective transmit power parameter comprises a difference between the second transmit power and the first transmit power.13.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first bit corresponds to a most significant bit of a symbol.14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:receive a control message indicating a coding rate associated with the set of shaping bits, wherein a length of the set of shaping bits is based at least in part on the coding rate.15.An apparatus for wireless communication at a second device, comprising:at least one processor;at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor; andinstructions stored in the at least one memory and executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:receive a set of encoded bits;generate a first set of bits based at least in part on performing an error correction decoding operation on the set of encoded bits;generate a second set of bits and a third set of bits based at least in part on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer;perform a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits, wherein the instructions to perform the constellation deshaping operation are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:generate a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based at least in part on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, wherein a code type associated with the decoder comprises polar code; andgenerate a fifth set of bits based at least in part on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, wherein the fifth set of bits comprises a set of cyclic redundancy check bits and a set of information bits.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:determine a length of the fifth set of bits based at least in part on a difference between a length of the first set of bits and a length of the set of shaping bits, wherein the length of the first set of bits is based at least in part on a first coding rate used by a second decoder to perform the error correction decoding operation.17.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:determine the length of the set of shaping bits based at least in part on a second coding rate associated with the set of shaping bits and a length associated with the polar code.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the length associated with the polar code is a multiple of a quantity of resource elements allocated for the set of encoded bits.19.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to:receive a first control message indicating a modulation and coding scheme table, wherein the modulation and coding scheme table comprises an indication of a plurality of coding rates, the plurality of coding rates comprising the first coding rate and the second coding rate; andtransmit a second control message comprising a first index and a second index to the modulation and coding scheme table that identifies the first coding rate and the second coding rate, respectively.20.A method for wireless communications at a first device, comprising:generating a first set of bits and a second set of bits based at least in part on inputting a set of information bits and a set of cyclic redundancy check bits into a demultiplexer;performing a constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits, wherein performing the constellation shaping operation on the first set of bits comprises:generating a first set of coded bits based at least in part on inputting the first set of bits into a first encoder, wherein a code type associated with the first encoder comprises polar code;generating a set of shaping bits based at least in part on the second set of bits and one or more transmit power parameters associated with the first set of coded bits; andgenerating a set of output bits based at least in part on the first set of coded bits and the set of shaping bits;performing an error correction encoding operation on the set of output bits and the second set of bits to generate a set of encoded bits; andtransmitting the set of encoded bits.21.The method of claim 20, wherein generating the set of output bits comprises:generating a second set of coded bits based at least in part on inputting the set of shaping bits into a second encoder, wherein a code type associated with the second encoder comprises polar code; andapplying a Boolean function to the second set of coded bits and the first set of coded bits to generate the set of output bits.22.The method of claim 21, wherein generating the second set of coded bits comprises:mapping the set of shaping bits to a first set of component channels; andmapping a third set of bits to a second set of component channels that is associated with a channel reliability less than a channel reliability associated with the first set of component channels, wherein a logic value of each bit of the third set of bits comprises a zero, and wherein a length of the third set of bits is based at least in part on a length of the first set of bits.23.The method of claim 20, wherein generating the first set of coded bits comprises:mapping the first set of bits to a first set of component channels; andmapping a third set of bits to a second set of component channels that is associated with a channel reliability greater than a channel reliability associated the first set of component channels, wherein a logic value of each bit of the third set of bits comprises a zero, and wherein a length of the third set of bits is based at least in part on a length of the set of shaping bits.24.The method of claim 20, further comprising:performing a power saving procedure based at least in part on the first set of coded bits, wherein generating the set of shaping bits is based at least in part on the power saving procedure.25.The method of claim 24, wherein performing the power saving procedure comprises:inputting the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits into a table in a row-first, column-second fashion, wherein the table comprises a quantity of columns that is based on a length of the first set of coded bits and a quantity of rows that is based on a modulation order used for communication between the first device and a second device.26.The method of claim 25, wherein performing the power saving procedure comprises:inputting, after inputting the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits, a set of padding bits into the table, wherein a length of the set of padding bits is based at least in part on a difference between a length of a combination of the first set of coded bits and the second set of bits and a length of the set of encoded bits.27.The method of claim 20, further comprising:receiving a control message indicating a coding rate associated with the set of shaping bits, wherein a length of the set of shaping bits is based at least in part on the coding rate.28.A method for wireless communication at a second device, comprising:receiving a set of encoded bits;generating a first set of bits based at least in part on performing an error correction decoding operation on the set of encoded bits;generating a second set of bits and a third set of bits based at least in part on inputting the first set of bits into a demultiplexer;performing a constellation deshaping operation on the second set of bits, wherein performing the constellation deshaping operation comprises:generating a set of shaping bits and a fourth set of bits based at least in part on inputting the second set of bits into a decoder, wherein a code type associated with the decoder comprises polar code; andgenerating a fifth set of bits based at least in part on inputting the fourth set of bits and the third set of bits into a concatenator, wherein the fifth set of bits comprises a set of cyclic redundancy check bits and a set of information bits.29.The method of claim 28, further comprising:determining a length of the fifth set of bits based at least in part on a difference between a length of the first set of bits and a length of the set of shaping bits, wherein the length of the first set of bits is based at least in part on a first coding rate used by a second decoder to perform the error correction decoding operation.30.The method of claim 29, further comprising:determining the length of the set of shaping bits based at least in part on a second coding rate associated with the set of shaping bits and a length associated with the polar code.