Method and apparatus for prach transmission
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies face challenges in efficiently determining resources for multiple Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmissions, particularly in contention-based random access, where collisions can occur and require subsequent contention resolution.
A method implemented at a terminal device to determine a first association between candidate PRACH occasions (ROs) and synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), and then select ROs based on a determined RO selection criterion, allowing for flexible frequency resource allocation for multiple PRACH transmissions with or without network configuration of frequency hopping offset.
This solution enables the terminal device to flexibly determine frequency resources for multiple PRACH transmissions, reducing the risk of collisions and improving the efficiency of random access procedures.
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Figure CN2024105348_23012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRACH TRANSMISSION
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION (S)
[0002] This application claims priority to PCT Application No. PCT / CN2023 / 107537, filed on July 14, 2023 and entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRACH TRANSMISSION" , which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] Embodiments of the represent disclosure relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to a method, device, apparatus and computer readable storage medium for physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission.BACKGROUND
[0004] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate better understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0005] The access of a terminal device to the network may include two forms. In a first form, access is contention-based random access (CBRA) , with an inherent risk of collision. A second form is contention-free random access (CFRA) . In contention-based random access, a preamble sequence is randomly chosen by a terminal device, which may result in more than one terminal device simultaneously transmitting the same physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble and requiring a subsequent contention resolution process. In some cases, e.g., for handovers, a network device may prevent contention by allocating a dedicated PRACH preamble to a terminal device (contention free) .SUMMARY
[0006] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0007] One of the objects of the disclosure is to provide an improved solution for determining resources for multiple PRACH transmissions. According to this solution, the terminal device can flexibly determine frequency resources of ROs for multiple PRACH transmissions, with or without network configuration of frequency hopping offset.
[0008] According to a first aspect of the disclosure, a method implemented at a terminal device is provided. The method comprises determining a first association between candidate physical random access channel occasions (ROs) and synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , the candidate ROs being configured for a set of a plurality of PRACH transmissions and allocated at frequency resources and time instances; determining a RO selection criterion based at least in part on the first association; selecting, according to the RO selection criterion, a plurality of ROs associated with a selected SSB of the terminal device from the candidate ROs, the plurality of selected ROs being located at different frequency resources; and performing a plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs.
[0009] In some embodiments, the RO selection criterion is determined further based on a transmission configuration on the plurality of PRACH transmissions, the transmission configuration indicates that the plurality of PRACH transmissions at different frequency resources over time are enabled.
[0010] In some embodiments, determining the RO selection criterion comprises at least one of the following: in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB are different over time, determining a first RO selection criterion; in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that a same set of frequency resources of candidate ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, determining a second RO selection criterion for the first association; in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that a same number of frequency resources of candidate ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances and the set of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB are different over time, determining a third RO selection criterion; and in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that different numbers of ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, determining a fourth RO selection criterion.
[0011] In some embodiments, the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the first RO selection criterion by determining a plurality of consecutive time instances for the plurality of PRACH transmission, at least one candidate RO associated with the selected SSB being allocated a time instance for a PRACH transmission; and selecting, from frequency resources of the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, a plurality of frequency resources at the plurality of determined time instances, respectively, for the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB.
[0012] In some embodiments, the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the second RO selection criterion by determining a first frequency resource of a first RO associated with the selected SSB at a first time instance for a first PRACH transmission; and determining a second frequency resource of a second RO associated with the selected SSB at a second time instance for a second PRACH transmission according to a first relationship, the first relationship being related to the first frequency resource, a frequency offset relative to the first frequency resource, and a value for a mod function.
[0013] In some embodiments, selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the second RO selection criterion further by in accordance with a determination that the frequency offset is not configured, determining the second frequency resource of the second RO to be different from the first frequency resource.
[0014] In some embodiments, the first relationship is related to: a frequency index of the first frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association, a frequency offset between the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association, and a total number of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association at a time instance.
[0015] In some embodiments, the first relationship is related to: a frequency index of the first frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance, a frequency offset between the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance, and a total number of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance.
[0016] In some embodiments, the frequency offset is configured by a network device or derived by the terminal device.
[0017] In some embodiments, a start RO at a start time instance for a start PRACH transmission of the plurality of PRACH transmissions is configured by a network device or derived by the terminal device.
[0018] In some embodiments, the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the third RO selection criterion by: in accordance with a determination that a frequency offset is not configured, determining a reference frequency offset, and selecting, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB at different time instances based on the reference frequency offset, wherein among the plurality of selected ROs, two selected ROs at adjacent time instances have the reference frequency offset; and in accordance with a determination that a frequency offset is configured, selecting, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, the plurality of ROs based on the reference frequency offset and the configured frequency offset, wherein the configured frequency offset is applied relative to the reference frequency offset.
[0019] In some embodiments, determining the reference frequency offset comprises: determining, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, a RO at a time instance for a start PRACH transmission of the plurality of PRACH transmissions; and determining a reference frequency offset based on a frequency offset between the determined RO and a reference RO associated with the selected SSB at the start time instance.
[0020] In some embodiments, the reference RO is a RO with at lowest frequency resource among candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB.
[0021] In some embodiments, the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the fourth RO selection criterion by at least one of the following: selecting a first number of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance and skipping time instances with a different number of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, selecting a second number of ROs associated with the selected SSB at each of the plurality of time instances according to a predetermined selection rule, the second number being a minimum number among the different numbers of ROs associated with the selected SSB, or selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to a RO list, the RO list indicating a RO associated with the selected SSB to be selected at a time instance.
[0022] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: in accordance with a determination that the first association indicates that different numbers of ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, determining that the plurality of PRACH transmissions are not to be performed.
[0023] In some embodiments, performing the plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs comprises: performing the plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs using a plurality of transmit beams.
[0024] In some embodiments, the plurality of transmit beams are switched between respective PRACH transmissions of the plurality of PRACH transmissions.
[0025] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: determining an index of a transmit beam and a frequency index of a frequency resource at which the transmit beam is used according to a second relationship, wherein the second relationship is related to a frequency offset, the number of frequency resources of selected ROs at a time instance.
[0026] In some embodiments, the plurality of transmit beams are switched between respective frequency resources of the plurality of selected ROs.
[0027] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: determining the number of PRACH transmissions based on the number of transmit beams and the number of frequency resources of ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance; or determining the number of transmit beams based on the number of PRACH transmissions and the number of frequency resources of ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance.
[0028] According to a second aspect of the disclosure, a terminal device is provided. The terminal device comprises: a processor and a memory, said memory containing instructions executable by said processor whereby said terminal device is operative to determine a first association between candidate physical random access channel occasions (ROs) and synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , the candidate ROs being configured for a set of a plurality of PRACH transmissions and allocated at frequency resources and time instances; determine a RO selection criterion based at least in part on the first association; select, according to the RO selection criterion, a plurality of ROs associated with a selected SSB of the terminal device from the candidate ROs, the plurality of selected ROs being located at different frequency resources; and perform a plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs.
[0029] According to a third aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method implemented in a communication system including at least one communication device. The method may comprise steps of the method according to the above first aspect.
[0030] According to a fourth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a communication system including at least one communication device according to the above second aspect.
[0031] According to a fifth aspect of the disclosure, a computer readable storage medium is provided. The computer readable storage medium may comprise instructions, which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the above first aspect.
[0032] According to a sixth aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises a processing module that is configured to determine a first association between candidate physical random access channel occasions (ROs) and synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , the candidate ROs being configured for a set of a plurality of PRACH transmissions and allocated at frequency resources and time instances; determine a RO selection criterion based at least in part on the first association; select, according to the RO selection criterion, a plurality of ROs associated with a selected SSB of the terminal device from the candidate ROs, the plurality of selected ROs being located at different frequency resources. The apparatus also comprises a transceiver module that is configured to perform a plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs.
[0033] According to a seventh aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises means for determining a first association between candidate physical random access channel occasions (ROs) and synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , the candidate ROs being configured for a set of a plurality of PRACH transmissions and allocated at frequency resources and time instances; means for determining a RO selection criterion based at least in part on the first association; means for selecting, according to the RO selection criterion, a plurality of ROs associated with a selected SSB of the terminal device from the candidate ROs, the plurality of selected ROs being located at different frequency resources; and means for performing a plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] These and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which are to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
[0035] FIG. 1 shows a communication system in which embodiments of the disclosure can be implemented;
[0036] FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate example associations between physical random access channel occasions (ROs) and synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) in accordance with some embodiments;
[0037] FIGS. 3A-3C illustrate example associations between ROs and SSBs in accordance with some other embodiments;
[0038] FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate example associations between ROs and SSBs in accordance with some further embodiments;
[0039] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart for a method implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate examples of transmit beam switching in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0041] FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate examples of transmit beam switching in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an apparatus suitable for use in practicing some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 9A shows a block diagram showing a terminal device suitable for use in practicing some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 9B shows a block diagram showing a network device suitable for use in practicing some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIG. 10 shows an example of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a host in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0047] FIG. 12 shows a communication diagram of a host communicating via a network node with a user equipment (UE) over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.
[0048] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0049] For the purpose of explanation, details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments disclosed. It is apparent, however, to those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be implemented without these specific details or with an equivalent arrangement.
[0050] Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments, however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.
[0051] Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and / or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a / an / the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and / or where it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
[0052] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the disclosure.
[0053] As used herein, the terms “first” , “second” and so forth refer to different elements. The singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components and the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on” . The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment” . The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment” . Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below. The term “one or more elements” used is to be read as “only one element” or “a plurality of elements” . The term “at least element” used is to be read as “only one element” or “more than one element” .
[0054] As used herein, the term “terminal device” / “communication device” may be any device intended for accessing services via an access network and configured to communicate over the access network. For instance, the terminal device / communication device may be, but is not limited to: mobile phone, smart phone, sensor device, meter, vehicle, household appliance, medical appliance, media player, camera, or any type of consumer electronic, for instance, but not limited to, television, radio, lighting arrangement, tablet computer, laptop, or PC. The terminal device / communication device may be a portable, pocket storable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile device, enabled to communicate voice and / or data, via a wireless or wireline connection. The term “terminal device” may be referred to as a mobile station (MT) . Alternatively, the term “terminal device” may be referred to as a user equipment (UE) . The terms “terminal device” and “UE” can be used interchangeably hereinafter.
[0055] The term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0056] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication system 100 in which embodiments of the disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication system 100 includes a network device 120. The communication system 100 also includes a terminal device 110-1, a terminal device 110-2, ..., a terminal device 110-N (collectively referred to as “terminal device (s) 110” ) , where N is an integer number. The terminal device 110 is currently served by a cell 101.
[0057] It can be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication system 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional terminal devices may be located in the cell 101, and one or more additional cells may be deployed in the communication system 100.
[0058] In some embodiments, a channel from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a channel from the terminal device 110 to the network device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In the DL, the network device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the terminal device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In the UL, the terminal device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the network device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) . In some embodiments, device-to-device (D2D) or sidelink (SL) communication may be conducted between terminal devices 110. A direct link may be established between the terminal devices 110 for the D2D or SL communication. The direct link may also be referred to as a SL or D2D link. In the D2D or SL communication, a terminal device 110 may act as a TX device (or a transmitter) , and one or more terminal devices 110 may act as a TX device (s) (or a receiver (s) ) .
[0059] Communications in the communication system 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0060] The access of a terminal device to the network may include two forms. In a first form, access is contention-based random access (CBRA) , with an inherent risk of collision. A second form is contention-free random access (CFRA) . In contention-based random access, a preamble sequence is randomly chosen by a terminal device, which may result in more than one terminal device simultaneously transmitting the same physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble and requiring a subsequent contention resolution process. In some cases, e.g., for handovers, a network device may prevent contention by allocating a dedicated PRACH preamble to a terminal device (contention free) .
[0061] A terminal device is provided a number N of synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) blocks associated with one PRACH occasion (RO) and a number R of contention-based preambles per SS / PBCH block per valid PRACH occasion, e.g., by ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB. If N<1, one SS / PBCH block is mapped to 1 / N consecutive valid PRACH occasions and R contention based preambles with consecutive indexes associated with the SS / PBCH block per valid PRACH occasion start from preamble index 0. If N≥1, R contention based preambles with consecutive indexes associated with SS / PBCH block n, 0≤n≤N-1, per valid PRACH occasion start from preamble index where is provided by totalNumberOfRA-Preambles and is an integer multiple of N.
[0062] An association period, starting from frame 0, for mapping SS / PBCH block indexes to PRACH occasions is the smallest value in the set determined by the PRACH configuration period according to Table 8.1-1 (provided below) such that SS / PBCH block indexes are mapped at least once to the PRACH occasions within the association period, where a UE obtains from the value of ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 or in ServingCellConfigCommon. If after an integer number of SS / PBCH block indexes to PRACH occasions mapping cycles within the association period there is a set of PRACH occasions or PRACH preambles that are not mapped to SS / PBCH block indexes, no SS / PBCH block indexes are mapped to the set of PRACH occasions or PRACH preambles. An association pattern period includes one or more association periods and is determined so that a pattern between PRACH occasions and SS / PBCH block indexes repeats at most every 160 msec. PRACH occasions not associated with SS / PBCH block indexes after an integer number of association periods, if any, are not used for PRACH transmissions.
[0063] The PRACH occasions are mapped consecutively per corresponding SS / PBCH block index. The indexing of the PRACH occasion indicated by the mask index value is reset per mapping cycle of consecutive PRACH occasions per SS / PBCH block index. The UE selects for a PRACH transmission the PRACH occasion indicated by PRACH mask index value for the indicated SS / PBCH block index in the first available mapping cycle.
[0064] For the indicated preamble index, the ordering of the PRACH occasions is:
[0065] - First, in increasing order of frequency resource indexes for frequency multiplexed PRACH occasions,
[0066] - Second, in increasing order of time resource indexes for time multiplexed PRACH occasions within a PRACH slot,
[0067] - Third, in increasing order of indexes for PRACH slots.
[0068] Table 8.1-1: Mapping between PRACH configuration period and SS / PBCH block to PRACH occasion association period
[0069] Multiple PRACH transmissions are supported for repetition. It is agreed that for multiple PRACH transmissions with same beam, at least ROs located at different time instances may be utilized for the transmissions. However, it needs to further study whether / how the starting RB of ROs may be different at different time instances for multiple PRACH transmissions. In addition, it needs to further study whether / how multiple PRACH transmissions located in the same time instance, e.g., for UEs with multiple transmit (Tx) chains.
[0070] It is agreed to support {2, 4, 8} for the number of multiple PRACH transmissions with same Tx beams. It is also agreed that for multiple PRACH transmissions with same Tx beam, gNB may configure one or multiple values for the number of multiple PRACH transmissions. If multiple values are configured, PRACH resources differentiation between multiple PRACH transmissions with different number of multiple PRACH transmissions is supported.
[0071] It is agreed that multiple PRACH transmissions within one RACH attempt are only performed within one RO group. The number of valid ROs in the RO group is equal to one of the configured number (s) of multiple PRACH transmissions. Note that if only one value is configured for multiple PRACH transmissions, then the number of valid ROs in the RO group is equal to this value. Also note that if multiple values are configured for multiple PRACH transmissions, for each value, the number of valid ROs in the RO group is equal to the corresponding number of multiple PRACH transmissions. Further note that valid RO (s) refers to what is defined in existing specification.
[0072] It is agreed that a set of RO group (s) for a configured number of multiple PRACH transmissions is determined / configured within a time period X, starting from frame 0. The determined / configured set of RO groups repeats every time period X. The time period X is K SSB-to-RO association pattern periods. It needs to further study whether / how to introduce SSB-to-RO group mapping, and to further study if K is configured by the network or determined based on some rule.
[0073] It is agreed that for RO group determination for multiple PRACH transmissions, the following parameters are considered.
[0074] ● The candidate number of multiple PRACH transmissions, e.g. {2, 4, 8} , is / are explicitly configured.
[0075] - The number of ROs within one RO group can be implicitly determined accordingly.
[0076] - Default value (s) is / are not precluded
[0077] ● The number of SSB-to-RO association pattern periods K within the time period X, down select from the following options.
[0078] - Option 1: K is explicitly configured.
[0079] - Option 2: K is implicitly determined
[0080] - Option 3: K is a fixed value for all number of multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0081] ● Determination of starting RO for each RO group for each value of the number of multiple PRACH transmissions, down select from the following options.
[0082] - Option 1: Index / indices of the starting RO (s) of the RO group (s) is / are explicitly indicated.
[0083] ◆ FFS: whether other parameters configured by gNB to allow density control and / or RO group (s) position alignment for multiple configured numbers;
[0084] ◆ FFS: whether only the starting RO of the first RO group is explicitly indicated, and the starting ROs of the other RO groups are implicitly determined.
[0085] ◆ FFS: other ROs for each RO group.
[0086] - Option 2: The time start position and the frequency start position of the first valid RO for each RO group are implicitly determined.
[0087] ◆ FFS: other ROs for each RO group
[0088] ◆ FFS: whether other parameters configured by gNB to allow density control and / or RO group (s) position alignment for multiple configured numbers
[0089] ● FFS: The frequency hopping offset, if frequency hopping is supported.
[0090] ● FFS: RO group specific preamble if multiple PRACH transmissions with different numbers are transmitted with separate preamble on shared ROs
[0091] ● FFS: Time span of the RO group
[0092] ● All other legacy parameters for single PRACH transmission can be reused, if applicable.
[0093] One open issue of Rel-18 multiple PRACH transmissions is whether / how to support the different starting RB of ROs (PRACH occasions) at different time instances for multiple PRACH transmissions. Different from PUSCH frequency hopping, the ROs associated with a selected SSB / CSI-RS may locate in different frequency resources at different time instances, which increases the difficulty of gNB configuration / UE determination of PRACH frequency-domain hopping.
[0094] In particular, in NR up to Rel-17, the number of SSBs associated with one PRACH is configured by ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB. If N<1, one SS / PBCH block index is mapped to 1 / N consecutive valid PRACH occasions. The number of frequency-division multiplexed (FDMed) ROs are configured by msg1-FDM, which may be {one, two, four, eight} . The number of SSB is configured by gNB, and the maximum number supported by NR is 64, maxNrofSSBs-r16.
[0095] Take an example of 4 FDMed ROs. FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate example associations 210, 220, 230 between ROs and SSBs when N>1 with the configurations of different numbers of SSBs. FIGS. 3A-3C illustrate example associations 310, 320, 330 between ROs and SSBs when N=1 with the configurations of different numbers of SSBs. FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate example associations 410, 420, 430 between ROs and SSBs when N<1 with the configurations of different numbers of SSBs. In FIGS. 2A-2C, FIGS. 3A-3C and FIGS. 4A-4C, ROs associated with SSB#1 are marked grey.
[0096] The following symbols are defined:
[0097] N: the number of SSBs associated with one PRACH;
[0098] S: number of SSBs in the network;
[0099] F: the number of FDMed ROs.
[0100] ROs are needed for an SSB-RO mapping cycle (mapping of ROs to all SSBs once) . It can be observed that,
[0101] - if there are more ROs than needed for an SSB-RO mapping cycle at a time instance. Denote m being
[0102] ○ If m is an integer number, larger than 1, there are m mapping cycles at a time instance. In FIG. 2A, m=2. Multiple PRACH transmissions can hop across n frequency resources.
[0103] ○ If n is not an integer number, like in FIG. 3A. It is difficult to configure one of RO#0 and RO#3 as the first RO, while RO#6 as the second RO.
[0104] - if there are just enough ROs at a time instance for a mapping cycle
[0105] ○ If N≥1, ROs associated with the same SSB locate at the same frequency resources at different time. Multiple PRACH transmissions with different frequency-domain ROs is not possible, as shown in FIG. 2B and FIG. 3B.
[0106] ○ If N<1, ROs associated with an SSB are of the same 1 / N frequency-domain ROs at different times, as shown in FIG. 4C. Multiple PRACH transmissions with different frequency resources is possible among the 1 / N FD-ROs.
[0107] - if there are fewer ROs than needed for one SSB-RO mapping cycle at a time instance. Denote t being
[0108] ○ If t is an integer number, larger than 1, one mapping cycle spans t time-domain ROs. In FIG. 4B, t=2. If N < 1, multiple PRACH transmissions can hop across 1 / N frequency resources.
[0109] ○ If t is not an integer number, like in FIG. 2C, FIG. 3C and FIG. 4A. Multiple PRACH transmissions at different frequency resources is still possible, though it can’t be easily configured with a frequency domain offset.
[0110] In a summary, ROs (PRACH occasions) for multiple PRACH transmissions with different starting RB at different time instances could be the result of SSB-RO mapping and / or configured frequency hopping offset. If it is agreed to support different starting RB of ROs (PRACH occasions) at different time instances for multiple PRACH transmissions, it needs to consider how to support it in different scenarios.
[0111] Some embodiments of the disclosure provide an improved for UE determination of frequency resources with or without network configuration of frequency hopping offset are provided.
[0112] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0113] Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which shows a flow chart for a method 500 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 500 may be implemented at a terminal device (e.g., UE) . For the purpose of illustration, the method 500 is described with reference to the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0114] At block 510, the terminal device 110 determines a first association between candidate physical random access channel occasions (ROs) and synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) . The candidate ROs in the first association are allocated at frequency resources and time instances. The candidate ROs are configured for a set of a plurality of PRACH transmissions, for example, a set of multiple PRACH transmissions for a plurality of PRACH attempts. In each PRACH attempt, a plurality of PRACH transmissions are to be performed. In some example, the candidate ROs in the first association may be all ROs configured for multiple PRACH transmissions and for all SSB / CSI-RS.
[0115] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may be provided with a plurality of SSBs or CSI-RSs and thus may determine the first association by mapping candidate ROs to all the provided SSB / CSI-RS. In the examples shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, there may be 4 SSBs, 8 SSBs, and 12 SSBs in the associations 210, 220, and 230, respectively; in the examples shown in FIGS. 3A-3C, there may be 3 SSBs, 4 SSBs, and 6 SSBs in the associations 310, 320, and 330, respectively; in the examples shown in FIGS. 4A-4C, there may be 3 SSBs, 4 SSBs, and 2 SSBs in the associations 410, 420, and 440, respectively. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may be provided with one SSB / CSI-RS and it may also determine the first association by mapping the candidate ROs to the SSB / CSI-RS.
[0116] In some embodiments, the first associations may be determined based on the number of SSBs associated with one PRACH (N) , the number of SSBs in the network (S) and the number of FDMed ROs (F) . Some example associations are shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, FIGS. 3A-3C, and FIGS. 4A-4C.
[0117] At block 520, the terminal device 110 determines a RO selection criterion based at least in part on the first association. In some embodiments, the RO selection criterion may be determined further based on a transmission configuration on the plurality of PRACH transmissions which indicates that the plurality of PRACH transmissions at different frequency resources over time are enabled. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be apply to multiple PRACH transmissions where ROs associated with a selected SSB located different frequency resource over time are selected.
[0118] At block 530, the terminal device 110 selects, according to the RO selection criterion, a plurality of ROs associated with a selected SSB of the terminal device 110 from the candidate ROs, the plurality of selected ROs being located at different frequency resources. The terminal device 110 has the flexibility to select any SSB. A selected SSB may be the one that is selected by the terminal device 110 for random access.
[0119] At block 540, the terminal device 110 performs a plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs. The plurality of selected ROs are selected for a PRACH attempt and the plurality of PRACH transmission are performed for a PRACH attempt.
[0120] For a RACH attempt, the terminal device 110 may select an SSB or CSI-RS and then determines RO (s) associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS for PRACH transmission (s) . For a particular number of multiple PRACH transmissions, one of {2, 4, 8} , a UE determines multiple ROs with preamble (s) configured for the number of multiple PRACH transmissions. A common sense is that a UE should not transmit in ROs without a preamble configured for its particular number of PRACH transmissions. For the sake of brevity, the term “ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS” is mostly used in the present disclosure, which refers to ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS and with preamble (s) configured for the determined number of PRACH transmissions.
[0121] For a selected SSB / CSI-RS, its associated ROs with preamble (s) configured for the determined number of multiple PRACH transmissions as discussed in different scenarios in above may be categorized into the following cases. For a selected SSB / CSI-RS,
[0122] 1) Case 1, the same set of consecutive or non-consecutive frequency-domain ROs occur at different time instances, e.g., FIG. 2A, FIG. 4B and FIG. 4C;
[0123] 2) Case 2, there is only one RO at a time, which frequency resource changes over time, e.g., FIG. 2C and FIG. 3C;
[0124] 3) Case 3, there are the same number of frequency-domain ROs at different time instances, which corresponding frequency resources change over time, e.g., FIG. 4A;
[0125] 4) Case 4, there are different numbers of ROs at different time instances, e.g., FIG. 3A;
[0126] 5) Case 5, there is only one RO at a time, which frequency resource is the same over time, e.g., FIG. 2B and FIG. 3B.
[0127] The multiple PRACH transmissions with different frequency resources over time can’t be supported in Case 5. RO selection criterion at the terminal device 110 in other cases are discussed as follows. Note that the list of cases may not be an exhaustive list, but some of the following methods may be applicable in other cases.
[0128] Depending on different cases for the first association, the terminal device 110 may determine the RO selection criterion according to at least one of the following manners.
[0129] In an embodiment, in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB are different over time, the terminal device 110 may determine a first RO selection criterion.
[0130] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the first association indicates that a same set of frequency resources of candidate ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, the terminal device 110 may determine a second RO selection criterion for the first association.
[0131] In some embodiments, in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that a same number of frequency resources of candidate ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances and the set of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB are different over time, the terminal device 110 may determine a third RO selection criterion.
[0132] In some embodiments, in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that different numbers of ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, the terminal device 110 may determine a fourth RO selection criterion.
[0133] The different RO selection criteria (the first, second, third, and fourth RO selection criteria) will be discussed in detail below. In the following, a time-domain RO may sometimes be referred to as a time instance (or a time resource) when a RO is allocated in the time domain, a frequency-domain RO may sometimes referred to as a frequency resource where a RO is allocated in the frequency domain. A RO may be defined as or comprise a frequency resource and a time instance.
[0134] In some embodiments, if multiple PRACH transmissions with different frequency resources over time is supported and configured, the terminal device 110 may apply the first RO selection criterion, to select consecutive time-domain ROs associated with a selected SSB / CSI-RS for the multiple PRACH transmissions, namely the UE transmits multiple PRACH transmissions at time-domain ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS, without skipping a time-domain RO.
[0135] More specifically, in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB are different over time and then the first RO selection criterion is used by the terminal device 110, the terminal device 110 may determine a plurality of consecutive time instances for the plurality of PRACH transmission, at least one candidate RO associated with the selected SSB being allocated a time instance for a PRACH transmission. The terminal device 110 may select, from frequency resources of the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, a plurality of frequency resources at the plurality of determined time instances, respectively, for the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB.
[0136] The terminal device 110 has to determine both a time resource and a frequency resource for each of the multiple PRACH transmissions. With the first RO selection criterion, the terminal device 110 may determine time instances for the multiple PRACH transmissions first and then the corresponding frequency resources.
[0137] Otherwise, in some embodiments, if multiple PRACH transmissions with different frequency resources over time is not supported, the terminal device 110 may determine, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, a start RO at a start time instance for a start PRACH transmission of the plurality of PRACH transmissions; and select at least one further RO at at least one further time instance from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB. For example, based on the RO for the first PRACH transmission, the terminal device 110 may determine the time instances for the remaining PRACH transmissions which have the same frequency resource as that of the first PRACH.
[0138] The first RO selection criterion may be applicable to Case 1, 2, 3, and 4. Especially for Case 2, since there is only one RO at a time, and frequency resource changes over time, the determined time instances definitely determine corresponding frequency resources.
[0139] Generally, PUSCH frequency hopping is supported for PUSCH repetitions with a frequency offset configured by a network device within the UL bandwidth part. Note that RBstart and RBoffset are the RB index within
[0140] A similar approach may be applied to multiple PRACH transmissions. More specifically, in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that a same set of frequency resources of candidate ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances and thus the second RO selection criterion is used for the first association, the terminal device 110 may determine a first frequency resource of a first RO associated with the selected SSB at a first time instance for a first PRACH transmission. In some embodiments, the first PRACH transmission may be the start PRACH transmission among the multiple PRACH transmissions to be performed. In some embodiments, a start RO at a start time instance for a start PRACH transmission of the plurality of PRACH transmissions is configured by a network device or derived by the terminal device. The terminal device 110 may determine a second frequency resource of a second RO associated with the selected SSB at a second time instance for a second PRACH transmission according to a first relationship, the first relationship being related to the first frequency resource ROstart, a frequency offset ROoffset relative to the first frequency resource, and a value F for a mod function.
[0141] In some embodiments, the first relationship is related to: a frequency index of the first frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association, a frequency offset between the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association, and a total number of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association at a time instance.
[0142] In some embodiments, the first relationship is related to: a frequency index of the first frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance, a frequency offset between the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance, and a total number of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance.
[0143] With two frequency hops for the multiple PRACH transmissions, the associated RO for the ith PRACH transmission may be represented in the following equation which indicates the first relationship, with a frequency offset ROoffset, the RO of the first PRACH transmission ROstart, and the number of frequency-domain ROs F, in the granularity of physical resource block (PRB) or RO. However, a difference from PUSCH frequency hopping is that sometimes not all frequency-domain ROs are associated with the selected SSB.
[0144] For the sake of brevity, the following terms are used.
[0145] - absolute RO: an RO among all ROs associated with any SSB / CSI-RS and configured for multiple PRACH transmissions at a time instance; and
[0146] - relative RO: an RO among all ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS and configured for multiple PRACH transmissions at a time instance.
[0147] In some embodiments, if the frequency resource of one of the multiple PRACH transmissions other than the first PRACH may be derived based on the frequency resource of the first PRACH transmission, denoted by ROstart, an RO offset, denoted by ROoffset, and / or the number of frequency-domain ROs, denoted by F, it is to be predetermined:
[0148] 1) ROstart indicates the absolute frequency-domain RO among ROs associated with any SSB / CSI-RS at a time instance or a relative frequency-domain RO among those associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time instance,
[0149] 2) ROoffset is the frequency domain distance between two absolute ROs at different hops or the frequency domain distance between two relative ROs at different hops, and
[0150] 3) F for the mod function is the total number of frequency-domain ROs associated with any SSB / CSI-RS at a time instance or the number of ROs associated with one SSB / CSI-RS at a time.
[0151] In some embodiments, the frequency resource determination nay be by one or more of the following:
[0152] - Option 1, absolute values of ROstart, ROoffset, and F, with regard to ROs associated with any selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time; and
[0153] - Option 2, relative values of ROstart, ROoffset, and F, with regard to ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time.
[0154] For the examples in FIG. 2A, FIG. 4B, and FIG. 4C, Option 2 may lead to a configuration of a relative offset of one RO and a mod function of two ROs. Option 1 may work, for the example, in FIG. 2A, with an absolute offset of two ROs with a mod function of four ROs. But Option 1 doesn’t work for the other two examples, since a mod function of four ROs would lead to the terminal device 110 uses ROs associated with other SSB / CSI-RS.
[0155] In some embodiments, the frequency offset ROoffset may be configured by the network device 120 or implicitly derived by the terminal device 110.
[0156] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the frequency offset is not configured, determining the second frequency resource of the second RO to be different from the first frequency resource. For example, if different frequency resources for multiple PRACH transmissions is enabled / configured, and there are only two frequency resources associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time, the terminal device 110 may determine frequency resources for the multiple PRACH transmissions despite an absence of frequency offset configuration.
[0157] For example, in the three examples above in FIG. 2A, FIG. 4B, and FIG. 4C, there are two ROs associated with one SSB at a time, the terminal device 110 may determine the only one frequency-domain RO for the second PRACH, which is different from that of the first PRACH transmission.
[0158] In Case 3, different frequency-domain RO (s) associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at different time instances are the result of SSB-RO mapping, where an SSB-RO mapping cycle requires a non-integer times of FDMed ROs.
[0159] In some embodiments, if the first association indicates that a same number of frequency resources of candidate ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances and the set of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB are different over time, the third RO selection criterion is used. The RO selection according to the third RO selection criterion is provided here.
[0160] In some embodiments, if a frequency offset is not configured, the terminal device 110 may determine a reference frequency offset, and select, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB at different time instances based on the reference frequency offset, wherein among the plurality of selected ROs, two selected ROs at adjacent time instances have the reference frequency offset. In some embodiments, the reference frequency offset may be determined by determining, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, a RO at a time instance for a start PRACH transmission of the plurality of PRACH transmissions; and determining a reference frequency offset based on a frequency offset between the determined RO and a reference RO associated with the selected SSB at the start time instance. In some embodiments, the reference RO may be a RO with at lowest frequency resource among candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB.
[0161] If a frequency offset is configured, the terminal device 110 may additionally apply the configured frequency offset, to select, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, the plurality of ROs based on the reference frequency offset and the configured frequency offset. In this case, the configured frequency offset is applied relative to the reference frequency offset. In some embodiments, the sum of has the reference frequency offset and the configured frequency offset may be used with the mod function, e.g., (reference offset+configured offset) mod #RO associated with the selected SSB at a time. For example, the configured frequency offset may be applied additionally to the odd-indexed PRACH, and thus the configured frequency offset will not be applied to PRACH#0, 2, 4 of the terminal device, while PRACH#1, 3, 5 will be applied with the configured frequency offset.
[0162] More specifically, if the number of ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS is the same at different time instances, and they locate in different sets of frequency resources over time,
[0163] - if a frequency offset is not configured, the terminal device 110 may determine the same relative frequency-domain RO among the multiple consecutive frequency-domain ROs at different time instances. In a variant embodiment, in the abovementioned case, the terminal device 110 determines a frequency offset (or a frequency distance) of the frequency-domain RO for the first PRACH transmission relative to the lowest RO among those associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at the first time instance and applies the frequency distance to the lowest RO associated with the SSB / CSI-RS at latter time instances for the remaining PRACH transmissions.
[0164] - if a frequency offset is configured, the offset is applied additionally within the consecutive frequency-domain ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS.
[0165] For the example of FIG. 4A, there are two frequency-domain ROs associated with SSB#1 at a time instance. Assume that the terminal device 110 selects the one with lower frequency resource at the first time instance. Without a frequency offset, the terminal device 110 may always select the lower frequency resource RO of the two at other time instances; with a frequency offset of 1 RO, it selects the higher frequency RO at the second time instance.
[0166] In Case 4, there are different numbers of ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at different time instances. For example, in FIG. 3A, there are two ROs associated with SSB#1 at the first time instance and only one at the latter two time instances.
[0167] In some embodiments, at least if the first association indicates that different numbers of ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, and thus the fourth RO selection criterion is used, the terminal device 110 may select a first number of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance and skipping time instances with a different number of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB. As such, associated ROs at one or more time instances may be skipped as the number of associate ROs at that RO (s) is not the same as the selected first number of ROs. For example, if there is two RO associated with the selected SSB at time instance 1, one RO associated with the selected SSB at time instance 2 and time instance 3, respectively, then the terminal device 110 may select one RO associated with the selected SSB for PRACH transmissions at time instance 2 and time instance 3. The two ROs associated with the selected SSB at time instance 1 may be skipped.
[0168] In some embodiments, alternatively, or in addition, the terminal device 110 may select a second number of ROs associated with the selected SSB at each of the plurality of time instances according to a predetermined selection rule, the second number being a minimum number among the different numbers of ROs associated with the selected SSB. In some embodiments, alternatively, or in addition, the terminal device 110 may select the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to a RO list, the RO list indicating a RO associated with the selected SSB to be selected at a time instance.
[0169] In some embodiments, if the first association indicates that different numbers of ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, the terminal device 110 may determine that the plurality of PRACH transmissions are not to be performed. For example, the configuration for determining the first association may be considered as an error configuration.
[0170] More specifically, if there are different numbers of ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at different time instances, one or more of the following may be used.
[0171] - It may be predetermined that this is an error configuration.
[0172] - The terminal device 110 is not expected to transmit multiple PRACHs at the time instances, where there are different numbers of frequency-domain ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at different time instances. In other words, the terminal device 110 may skip some time-domain ROs which are associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS, so that the same number of ROs are associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at the time instances where the terminal device 110 transmits multiple PRACHs.
[0173] For the example of FIG. 3A, it is assumed that SSB#1 is selected. Since the number of ROs associated with SSB#1 is one or two at different time instances, there are two possibilities: 1) the terminal device 110 chooses time instances where the number of ROs associated with SSB#1 is always one. e.g., chooses RO#6 and RO#9 for two PRACH transmissions; 2) the terminal device 110 chooses time instances where the number of ROs associated with SSB#1 is always two, so that after UE skipping time instances with only one RO associated with SSB#1, the case falls back to the one shown in FIG. 2A.
[0174] - Denote K as the minimum number of ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS across different time instances. If at a time instance there are more than K ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS, K ROs are determined, e.g., by a predetermined rule of K lowest frequency-domain ROs, or configured by the network device 120 for the terminal device 110 to transmit PRACH, and ROs other than the K determined ROs at the time instance are not used. Therefore, it falls back to Case 2 or Case 3.
[0175] For the example of FIG. 3A, the number of ROs associated with SSB#1 is one or two at different time instances, therefore K=1. Between the two ROs associated with SSB#1 at the first time instance, the RO with the lower frequency is selected.
[0176] - A list of ROs for the multiple PRACH transmissions may be configured. For the same example, for SSB#1, frequency starting position may be configured as 0 for RO#0, RO#6, RO#9 or configured as 3 for RO#3, RO#6, RO#9.
[0177] In some embodiments, the plurality of PRACH transmissions may be performed by the terminal device 110 on the plurality of selected ROs using a same transmit (Tx) beam. In some embodiment, the terminal device 110 may perform the plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs using a plurality of Tx beams. As the plurality of selected ROs are allocated at different frequency resources, then the plurality of transmit beams may be used at the different frequency resources.
[0178] According to the following conclusion, multiple PRACH transmissions with different Tx beams and beam indication for the following UL transmission would not be supported in Rel-18 but is being proposed for Rel-19 coverage enhancement.
[0179] With different Tx beams, the terminal device 110 may alternate a beam for each PRACH transmission (beam sweeping) or change its beam after several consecutive PRACH transmissions.
[0180] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may switch the plurality of transmit beams between respective PRACH transmissions of the plurality of PRACH transmissions. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may switch the plurality of transmit beams between respective frequency resources of the plurality of selected ROs. Specifically, for each frequency resource, one or more of the following Tx beam to RO mapping may be applied:
[0181] - Option 1, from the first PRACH to the last one in time, the terminal device 110 switches its Tx beam after each PRACH transmission. This is the same as when there is no change of frequency resources.
[0182] - Option 2, for each frequency resource, the terminal device 110 transmits PRACHs with all its Tx beams. In other words, PRACHs transmitted with one Tx beam locate in all frequency resources.
[0183] FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate examples 610, 620 of transmit beam switching in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, illustrations of Option 1 with two Tx beams and four Tx beams are shown in FIGS. 6A-6B. PRACHs transmitted with one beam always locate in the same frequency resources.
[0184] FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate examples 710, 720 of transmit beam switching in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. Option 2 is shown in FIGS. 7A-7B, where PRACHs transmitted with one beam are in different frequency resources. In order for the network device 120 to identify a strongest beam for the subsequent UL transmissions, one method is to allow PRACHs transmitted with each UL Tx beam to use the same set of frequency resources. Then Option 2 may meet the requirement. Option 1, as illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6B, would confuse the network device 120 that beam 1 outperforms beam 2 is due to better directivity or frequency selectivity.
[0185] In some embodiments, for Option 1, the terminal device 110 may determine an index of a transmit beam and a frequency index of a frequency resource at which the transmit beam is used according to a second relationship, wherein the second relationship is related to a frequency offset, the number of frequency resources of selected ROs at a time instance.
[0186] For Option 1, if the terminal device 110 transmits multiple PRACHs with different Tx beams and with different frequency resources, the terminal device 110 may determine the TX beam index and frequency position index based on a network configuration and equation for multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0187] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may configure a frequency offset H. The frequency domain resource at the same time is F, the second relationship between the beam index #k and the frequency domain position f is as following equation. f= mod ( (k-1) *H, F) . For example, in the above tables of FIGS. 6A-6B, configure H=2, beam 2 using mod ( (2-1) *2, 2) =1 frequency ROs in the picture, beam 3 using mod ( (3-1) *2, 2) =0 frequency ROs in the fig.
[0188] In some embodiments, if the terminal device 110 transmits multiple PRACHs with different Tx beams and with different frequency resources, it may determine the number of PRACH transmissions based on the number of transmit beams and the number of frequency resources of ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance; or determine the number of transmit beams based on the number of PRACH transmissions and the number of frequency resources of ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance.
[0189] For example, the terminal device 110 may determine the number of PRACH transmissions and the number of its Tx beams according to one or more of the following equations.
[0190] the number of PRACH transmissions = the number of its Tx beams *the number of frequency-domain ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time (Equation 1)
[0191] the number of its Tx beams = the number of PRACH transmissions / the number of frequency-domain ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time (Equation 2)
[0192] If there is only one frequency-domain RO associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time, the equation means the number of PRACH transmissions equals the number of Tx beams, namely there is a one-to-one mapping between Tx beam and PRACH transmissions. If there are two frequency-domain ROs associated with the same SSB at a time, as illustrated in FIG. 2A, FIG. 4B and FIG. 4C, according to Equation 1, the terminal device 110 would transmit two PRACH transmissions with a Tx beam, one at a frequency-domain RO.
[0193] If the legacy rule for UE determination of the number of multiple PRACH transmissions with the same Tx beam based on SSB RSRP is reused for multiple PRACH transmissions with different beams, the terminal device 110 may determine the number of its Tx beams based on Equation 2 and the determined number of PRACH transmissions. For example, if 8 PRACH transmissions are determined, with two frequency resources, the terminal device 110 will transmit them with four Tx beams. If the legacy rule is not applicable, the number of Tx beams will determine the number of PRACH transmissions. For example, the terminal device 110 with two Tx beams may transmit four PRACH transmissions on two frequency resources.
[0194] FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an apparatus 800 suitable for use in practicing some embodiments of the disclosure. For example, any one of communication devices described above, including the terminal devices and the base station, may be implemented through the apparatus 800. As shown, the apparatus 800 may include a processor 810, a memory 820 that stores a program, and optionally a communication interface 830 for communicating data with other external devices through wired and / or wireless communication.
[0195] The program includes program instructions that, when executed by the processor 810, enable the apparatus 800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed above. That is, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented at least in part by computer software executable by the processor 810, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0196] The memory 820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, flash memories, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memories and removable memories. The processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general-purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multi-core processor architectures, as non-limiting examples.
[0197] FIG. 9A shows a block diagram showing an apparatus 900 suitable for use in practicing some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the apparatus 900 may be the terminal device 110 or the network device 90 shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 9A, the apparatus 900 may include a transceiver module 910 that is configured to receive, from a network device, a first indication indicating system information to be changed. The transceiver module 910 may also be configured to receive, via a broadcast signaling from the network device, the system information indicated to be changed by the first indication. The system information may include a first measurement configuration. The apparatus 900 may also include a processing module 920 that is configured to update an existing measurement configuration based on the first measurement configuration. The transceiver module 910 and the processing module 920 may also be configured to perform the method described with reference to FIG. 5.
[0198] FIG. 9B shows a block diagram showing an apparatus 901 suitable for use in practicing some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the apparatus 901 may be the network device 90 shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 9B, the apparatus 901 may include a transceiver module 911 that is configured to transmit, to at least one terminal device, a first indication indicating system information to be changed. The transceiver module 911 may also be configured to transmit, via a broadcast signaling to the at least one terminal device, the system information indicated to be changed by the first indication. The system information comprises a first measurement configuration that is used to update an existing measurement configuration at the at least one terminal device. The network device 901 may also include other modules, for example, a processing module 921. The modules in the apparatus 901 (for example, the transceiver module 911 and the processing module 921) may also be configured to perform the method related to the network device.
[0199] FIG. 10 shows an example of a communication system 3100 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0200] In the example, the communication system 3100 includes a telecommunication network 3102 that includes an access network 3104, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network 3106, which includes one or more core network nodes 3108. The access network 3104 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 3110a and 3110b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 3110) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access node or non-3GPP access point. The network nodes 3110 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE) , such as by connecting UEs 3112a, 3112b, 3112c, and 3112d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 3112) to the core network 3106 over one or more wireless connections.
[0201] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 3100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 3100 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0202] The UEs 3112 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 3110 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 3110 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 3112 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 3102 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 3102.
[0203] In the depicted example, the core network 3106 connects the network nodes 3110 to one or more hosts, such as host 3116. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 3106 includes one more core network node (e.g., core network node 3108) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 3108. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0204] The host 3116 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 3104 and / or the telecommunication network 3102 and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host 3116 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0205] As a whole, the communication system 3100 of FIG. 10 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
[0206] In some examples, the telecommunication network 3102 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 3102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 3102. For example, the telecommunications network 3102 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0207] In some examples, the UEs 3112 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 3104 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 3104. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e., being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0208] In the example, the hub 3114 communicates with the access network 3104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 3112c and / or 3112d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 3110b) . In some examples, the hub 3114 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 3114 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 3106 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 3114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 3110, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 3114. As another example, the hub 3114 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 3114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 3114 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 3114 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 3114 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular in if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0209] The hub 3114 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 3110b. The hub 3114 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 3114 and UEs (e.g., UE 3112c and / or 3112d) , and between the hub 3114 and the core network 3106. In other examples, the hub 3114 is connected to the core network 3106 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 3114 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 3104 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 3110 while still connected via the hub 3114 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 3114 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 3110b. In other embodiments, the hub 3114 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 3110b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0210] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a host 3200, which may be an embodiment of the host 3116 of FIG. 10, in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, the host 3200 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and / or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm. The host 3200 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.
[0211] The host 3200 includes processing circuitry 3202 that is operatively coupled via a bus 3204 to an input / output interface 3206, a network interface 3208, a power source 3210, and a memory 3212. Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host 3200.
[0212] The memory 3212 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs 3214 and data 3216, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host 3200 or data generated by the host 3200 for a UE. Embodiments of the host 3200 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown. The host application programs 3214 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC) , High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) , Advanced Video Coding (AVC) , MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) , MPEG, G. 711) , including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems) . The host application programs 3214 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host 3200 may select and / or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE. The host application programs 3214 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) , Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) , Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) , etc.
[0213] FIG. 12 shows a communication diagram of a host 3302 communicating via a network node 3304 with a UE 3306 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments. Example implementations, in accordance with various embodiments, of the UE (such as a UE 3112a of FIG. 10) , network node (such as network node 3110a of FIG. 10) , and host (such as host 3116 of FIG. 10 and / or host 3200 of FIG. 11) discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0214] Like host 3200, embodiments of host 3302 include hardware, such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory. The host 3302 also includes software, which is stored in or accessible by the host 3302 and executable by the processing circuitry. The software includes a host application that may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as the UE 3306 connecting via an over-the-top (OTT) connection 3350 extending between the UE 3306 and host 3302. In providing the service to the remote user, a host application may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection 3350.
[0215] The network node 3304 includes hardware enabling it to communicate with the host 3302 and UE 3306. The connection 3360 may be direct or pass through a core network (like core network 3106 of FIG. 10) and / or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks. For example, an intermediate network may be a backbone network or the Internet.
[0216] The UE 3306 includes hardware and software, which is stored in or accessible by UE 3306 and executable by the UE’s processing circuitry. The software includes a client application, such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE 3306 with the support of the host 3302. In the host 3302, an executing host application may communicate with the executing client application via the OTT connection 3350 terminating at the UE 3306 and host 3302. In providing the service to the user, the UE's client application may receive request data from the host's host application and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection 3350 may transfer both the request data and the user data. The UE's client application may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides to the host application through the OTT connection 3350.
[0217] The OTT connection 3350 may extend via a connection 3360 between the host 3302 and the network node 3304 and via a wireless connection 3370 between the network node 3304 and the UE 3306 to provide the connection between the host 3302 and the UE 3306. The connection 3360 and wireless connection 3370, over which the OTT connection 3350 may be provided, have been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host 3302 and the UE 3306 via the network node 3304, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.
[0218] As an example of transmitting data via the OTT connection 3350, in step 3308, the host 3302 provides user data, which may be performed by executing a host application. In some embodiments, the user data is associated with a particular human user interacting with the UE 3306. In other embodiments, the user data is associated with a UE 3306 that shares data with the host 3302 without explicit human interaction. In step 3310, the host 3302 initiates a transmission carrying the user data towards the UE 3306. The host 3302 may initiate the transmission responsive to a request transmitted by the UE 3306. The request may be caused by human interaction with the UE 3306 or by operation of the client application executing on the UE 3306. The transmission may pass via the network node 3304, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. Accordingly, in step 3312, the network node 3304 transmits to the UE 3306 the user data that was carried in the transmission that the host 3302 initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 3314, the UE 3306 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executed on the UE 3306 associated with the host application executed by the host 3302.
[0219] In some examples, the UE 3306 executes a client application which provides user data to the host 3302. The user data may be provided in reaction or response to the data received from the host 3302. Accordingly, in step 3316, the UE 3306 may provide user data, which may be performed by executing the client application. In providing the user data, the client application may further consider user input received from the user via an input / output interface of the UE 3306. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE 3306 initiates, in step 3318, transmission of the user data towards the host 3302 via the network node 3304. In step 3320, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the network node 3304 receives user data from the UE 3306 and initiates transmission of the received user data towards the host 3302. In step 3322, the host 3302 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the UE 3306.
[0220] One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE 3306 using the OTT connection 3350, in which the wireless connection 3370 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve the data rate and thereby provide benefits such as relaxed restriction on file size, improved content resolution, and better responsiveness.
[0221] In an example scenario, factory status information may be collected and analyzed by the host 3302. As another example, the host 3302 may process audio and video data which may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating maps. As another example, the host 3302 may collect and analyze real-time data to assist in controlling vehicle congestion (e.g., controlling traffic lights) . As another example, the host 3302 may store surveillance video uploaded by a UE. As another example, the host 3302 may store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR or AR which it may broadcast, multicast or unicast to UEs. As other examples, the host 3302 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time critical electrical load to balance power generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams etc. from data collected from remote devices) , or any other function of collecting, retrieving, storing, analyzing and / or transmitting data.
[0222] In some examples, a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 3350 between the host 3302 and UE 3306, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and / or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection may be implemented in software and hardware of the host 3302 and / or UE 3306. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT connection 3350 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of the OTT connection 3350 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not directly alter the operation of the network node 3304. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like, by the host 3302. The measurements may be implemented in that software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection 3350 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.
[0223] In an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method implemented in a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE) . The method may comprise providing user data for the UE. The method may further comprise initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the network node. The network node may perform the following operations to transmit the user data from the host to the UE. The network node may schedule, for a first terminal device whose capability of whether supporting FDM of a first physical channel for transmitting traffic data and a second physical channel for transmitting control information is unknown to the network node, one or more transmissions each using the first physical channel that is multiplexed with the second physical channel in an FDM manner. The network node may perform the one or more transmissions to the first terminal device, based on the scheduling. The network node may receive, from the first terminal device, one or more reception feedbacks on the one or more transmissions. The network node may determine whether the first terminal device supports FDM of the first and second physical channels, based on the one or more reception feedbacks.
[0224] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the method may further comprise, at the network node, transmitting the user data provided by the host for the UE.
[0225] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the user data may be provided at the host by executing a host application that interacts with a client application executing on the UE. The client application may be associated with the host application.
[0226] In another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service. The host may comprise processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a network node in a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE) . The network node may have a communication interface and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry of the network node may be configured to perform the following operations to transmit the user data from the host to the UE. The processing circuitry of the network node may be configured to schedule, for a first terminal device whose capability of whether supporting FDM of a first physical channel for transmitting traffic data and a second physical channel for transmitting control information is unknown to the network node, one or more transmissions each using the first physical channel that is multiplexed with the second physical channel in an FDM manner. The processing circuitry of the network node may be configured to perform the one or more transmissions to the first terminal device, based on the scheduling. The processing circuitry of the network node may be configured to receive, from the first terminal device, one or more reception feedbacks on the one or more transmissions. The processing circuitry of the network node may be configured to determine whether the first terminal device supports FDM of the first and second physical channels, based on the one or more reception feedbacks.
[0227] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the processing circuitry of the host may be configured to execute a host application that provides the user data. The UE may comprise processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to receive the transmission of user data from the host.
[0228] In yet another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a communication system configured to provide an over-the-top service. The communication system may comprise a host. The host may comprise processing circuitry configured to provide user data for a user equipment (UE) . The user data may be associated with the over-the-top service. The host may further comprise a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data toward a cellular network node for transmission to the UE. The network node may have a communication interface and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry of the network node may be configured to perform the following operations to transmit the user data from the host to the UE. The processing circuitry of the network node may be configured to schedule, for a first terminal device whose capability of whether supporting FDM of a first physical channel for transmitting traffic data and a second physical channel for transmitting control information is unknown to the network node, one or more transmissions each using the first physical channel that is multiplexed with the second physical channel in an FDM manner. The processing circuitry of the network node may be configured to perform the one or more transmissions to the first terminal device, based on the scheduling. The processing circuitry of the network node may be configured to receive, from the first terminal device, one or more reception feedbacks on the one or more transmissions. The processing circuitry of the network node may be configured to determine whether the first terminal device supports FDM of the first and second physical channels, based on the one or more reception feedbacks.
[0229] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the communication system may further comprise the network node; and / or the user equipment.
[0230] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the processing circuitry of the host may be configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data. The host application may be configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE. The client application may be associated with the host application.
[0231] According to an aspect of the disclosure, a method implemented at a terminal device is provided. The method comprises determining a first association between candidate physical random access channel occasions (ROs) and synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , the candidate ROs being configured for a set of a plurality of PRACH transmissions and allocated at frequency resources and time instances; determining a RO selection criterion based at least in part on the first association; selecting, according to the RO selection criterion, a plurality of ROs associated with a selected SSB of the terminal device from the candidate ROs, the plurality of selected ROs being located at different frequency resources; and performing a plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs.
[0232] In some embodiments, the RO selection criterion is determined further based on a transmission configuration on the plurality of PRACH transmissions, the transmission configuration indicates that the plurality of PRACH transmissions at different frequency resources over time are enabled.
[0233] In some embodiments, determining the RO selection criterion comprises at least one of the following: in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB are different over time, determining a first RO selection criterion; in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that a same set of frequency resources of candidate ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, determining a second RO selection criterion for the first association; in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that a same number of frequency resources of candidate ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances and the set of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB are different over time, determining a third RO selection criterion; and in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that different numbers of ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, determining a fourth RO selection criterion.
[0234] In some embodiments, the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the first RO selection criterion by determining a plurality of consecutive time instances for the plurality of PRACH transmission, at least one candidate RO associated with the selected SSB being allocated a time instance for a PRACH transmission; and selecting, from frequency resources of the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, a plurality of frequency resources at the plurality of determined time instances, respectively, for the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB.
[0235] In some embodiments, the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the second RO selection criterion by determining a first frequency resource of a first RO associated with the selected SSB at a first time instance for a first PRACH transmission; and determining a second frequency resource of a second RO associated with the selected SSB at a second time instance for a second PRACH transmission according to a first relationship, the first relationship being related to the first frequency resource, a frequency offset relative to the first frequency resource, and a value for a mod function.
[0236] In some embodiments, selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the second RO selection criterion further by in accordance with a determination that the frequency offset is not configured, determining the second frequency resource of the second RO to be different from the first frequency resource.
[0237] In some embodiments, the first relationship is related to: a frequency index of the first frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association, a frequency offset between the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association, and a total number of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association at a time instance.
[0238] In some embodiments, the first relationship is related to: a frequency index of the first frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance, a frequency offset between the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance, and a total number of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance.
[0239] In some embodiments, the frequency offset is configured by a network device or derived by the terminal device.
[0240] In some embodiments, a start RO at a start time instance for a start PRACH transmission of the plurality of PRACH transmissions is configured by a network device or derived by the terminal device.
[0241] In some embodiments, the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the third RO selection criterion by: in accordance with a determination that a frequency offset is not configured, determining a reference frequency offset, and selecting, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB at different time instances based on the reference frequency offset, wherein among the plurality of selected ROs, two selected ROs at adjacent time instances have the reference frequency offset; and in accordance with a determination that a frequency offset is configured, selecting, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, the plurality of ROs based on the reference frequency offset and the configured frequency offset, wherein the configured frequency offset is applied relative to the reference frequency offset.
[0242] In some embodiments, determining the reference frequency offset comprises: determining, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, a RO at a time instance for a start PRACH transmission of the plurality of PRACH transmissions; and determining a reference frequency offset based on a frequency offset between the determined RO and a reference RO associated with the selected SSB at the start time instance.
[0243] In some embodiments, the reference RO is a RO with at lowest frequency resource among candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB.
[0244] In some embodiments, the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the fourth RO selection criterion by at least one of the following: selecting a first number of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance and skipping time instances with a different number of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, selecting a second number of ROs associated with the selected SSB at each of the plurality of time instances according to a predetermined selection rule, the second number being a minimum number among the different numbers of ROs associated with the selected SSB, or selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to a RO list, the RO list indicating a RO associated with the selected SSB to be selected at a time instance.
[0245] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: in accordance with a determination that the first association indicates that different numbers of ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, determining that the plurality of PRACH transmissions are not to be performed.
[0246] In some embodiments, performing the plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs comprises: performing the plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs using a plurality of transmit beams.
[0247] In some embodiments, the plurality of transmit beams are switched between respective PRACH transmissions of the plurality of PRACH transmissions.
[0248] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: determining an index of a transmit beam and a frequency index of a frequency resource at which the transmit beam is used according to a second relationship, wherein the second relationship is related to a frequency offset, the number of frequency resources of selected ROs at a time instance.
[0249] In some embodiments, the plurality of transmit beams are switched between respective frequency resources of the plurality of selected ROs.
[0250] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: determining the number of PRACH transmissions based on the number of transmit beams and the number of frequency resources of ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance; or determining the number of transmit beams based on the number of PRACH transmissions and the number of frequency resources of ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance.
[0251] In general, the various exemplary embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0252] As such, it should be appreciated that at least some aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit chips and modules. It should thus be appreciated that the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be realized in an apparatus that is embodied as an integrated circuit, where the integrated circuit may comprise circuitry (as well as possibly firmware) for embodying at least one or more of a data processor, a digital signal processor, baseband circuitry and radio frequency circuitry that are configurable so as to operate in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
[0253] It should be appreciated that at least some aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure may be embodied in computer-executable instructions, such as in one or more program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types when executed by a processor in a computer or other device. The computer executable instructions may be stored on a computer readable medium such as a hard disk, optical disk, removable storage media, solid state memory, RAM, etc. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the function of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. In addition, the function may be embodied in whole or in part in firmware or hardware equivalents such as integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , and the like.
[0254] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment” , “an embodiment” and so on, indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0255] It should be understood that, although the terms “first” , “second” and so on may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.
[0256] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. The terms “connect” , “connects” , “connecting” and / or “connected” used herein cover the direct and / or indirect connection between two elements. It should be noted that two blocks shown in succession in the above figures may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
[0257] The present disclosure includes any novel feature or combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or any generalization thereof. Various modifications and adaptations to the foregoing exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, any and all modifications will still fall within the scope of the non-Limiting and exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
[0258] Hereinafter, the solution will be further described as follows.
[0259] Brief Summary of the Proposed Solution
[0260] In the present disclosure, some methods of UE determination of frequency resources with or without gNB configuration of frequency hopping offset are provided.
[0261] Detailed Description and Figures
[0262] Detailed Description and Figure (s) of Examples of the Proposed Solution
[0263] For a RACH attempt, a UE selects an SSB / CSI-RS and then determines RO (s) associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS for PRACH transmission (s) . For a particular number of multiple PRACH transmissions, one of {2, 4, 8} , a UE determines multiple ROs with preamble (s) configured for the number of multiple PRACH transmissions. A common sense is that a UE should not transmit in ROs without a preamble configured for its particular number of PRACH transmissions. For the sake of brevity, the term “ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS” is mostly used in the present disclosure, which refers to ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS and with preamble (s) configured for the determined number of PRACH transmissions.
[0264] Different frequency-domain ROs for multiple PRACH transmissions
[0265] For a selected SSB / CSI-RS, its associated ROs with preamble (s) configured for the determined number of multiple PRACH transmissions as discussed in different scenarios in section 2.3 can be categorized into the following cases. For a selected SSB / CSI-RS,
[0266] Case 1, the same set of consecutive or non-consecutive frequency-domain ROs occur at different time instances, e.g., FIG. 2A, FIG. 4B and FIG. 4C;
[0267] Case 2, there is only one RO at a time, which frequency resource changes over time, e.g., FIG. 2C and FIG. 3C;
[0268] Case 3, there are the same number of frequency-domain ROs at different time instances, which corresponding frequency resources change over time, e.g., FIG. 4A;
[0269] Case 4, there are different numbers of ROs at different time instances, e.g., FIG. 3A;
[0270] Case 5, there is only one RO at a time, which frequency resource is the same over time, e.g., FIG. 2B and FIG. 3B.
[0271] Multiple PRACH transmissions with different frequency resources over time can’t be supported in Case 5. Other cases are discussed as follows. Note that the list of cases may not be an exhaustive list, but some of the following methods can be applicable in other cases.
[0272] Embodiment 1, if multiple PRACH transmissions with different frequency resources over time is supported and configured, a UE selects consecutive time-domain ROs associated with a selected SSB / CSI-RS for the multiple PRACH transmissions, namely the UE transmits multiple PRACH transmissions at time-domain ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS, without skipping a time-domain RO.
[0273] A UE has to determine both a time resource and a frequency resource for each of the multiple PRACH transmissions. With Embodiment 1, a UE determines time instances for the multiple PRACH transmissions first and then the corresponding frequency resources. Otherwise, if multiple PRACH transmissions with different frequency resources over time is not supported, based on the RO for the first PRACH transmission, a UE can determine the time instances for the remaining PRACH transmissions which have the same frequency resource as that of the first PRACH. Embodiment 1 can be applicable to Case 1, 2, 3, and 4. Especially for Case 2, since there is only one RO at a time, and frequency resource changes over time, the determined time instances definitely determine corresponding frequency resources.
[0274] PUSCH frequency hopping is supported for PUSCH repetitions with a frequency offset configured by gNB within the UL bandwidth part. Note that RBstart and RBoffset are the RB index within
[0275] A similar approach can be applied to multiple PRACH transmissions. With two frequency hops for the multiple PRACH transmissions, the ith PRACH transmission’s RO can be represented in the following equation, with a frequency offset ROoffset, the RO of the first PRACH transmission ROstart, and the number of frequency-domain ROs F, in the granularity of PRB or RO. However, a difference from PUSCH frequency hopping is that sometimes not all frequency-domain ROs are associated with the selected SSB.
[0276] For the sake of brevity, the following terms are used.
[0277] - absolute RO: an RO among all ROs associated with any SSB / CSI-RS and configured for multiple PRACH transmissions at a time instance; and
[0278] - relative RO: an RO among all ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS and configured for multiple PRACH transmissions at a time instance.
[0279] Embodiment 2, if the frequency resource of one of the multiple PRACH transmissions other than the first PRACH can be derived based on the frequency resource of the first PRACH transmission, denoted by ROstart, an RO offset, denoted by ROoffset, and / or the number of frequency-domain ROs, denoted by F, it is to be predetermined
[0280] 1) ROstart indicates the absolute frequency-domain RO among ROs associated with any SSB / CSI-RS at a time instance or a relative frequency-domain RO among those associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time instance,
[0281] 2) ROoffset is the frequency domain distance between two absolute ROs at different hops or the frequency domain distance between two relative ROs at different hops,
[0282] 3) F for the function mod is the total number of frequency-domain ROs associated with any SSB / CSI-RS at a time instance or the number of ROs associated with one SSB / CSI-RS at a time.
[0283] A sub-embodiment of Embodiment 2, the frequency resource determination can be by one or more of the following:
[0284] - Option 1, absolute values of ROstart, ROoffset, and F, with regard to ROs associated with any selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time;
[0285] - Option 2, relative values of ROstart, ROoffset, and F, with regard to ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time.
[0286] For the examples in FIG. 2A, FIG. 4B, and FIG. 4C, Option 2 can lead to a configuration of a relative offset of 1 RO and a mod function of 2 ROs. Option 1 can work for the example in FIG. 2A with an absolute offset of 2 ROs with a mod function of 4 ROs. But Option 1 doesn’t work for the other two examples, since a mod function of 4 ROs would lead to a UE uses ROs associated with other SSB / CSI-RS.
[0287] Another sub-embodiment of Embodiment 2, the frequency offset can be configured by gNB or implicitly derived by UE.
[0288] In an alternative or additional embodiment to embodiment 2, if different frequency resources for multiple PRACH transmissions is enabled / configured, and there are only two frequency resources associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time, a UE can determine frequency resources for the multiple PRACH transmissions despite an absence of frequency offset configuration.
[0289] For example, in the three examples above, there are two ROs associated with one SSB at a time, a UE can determine the only one frequency-domain RO for the second PRACH, which is different from that of the first PRACH transmission.
[0290] In Case 3, different frequency-domain RO (s) associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at different time instances are the result of SSB-RO mapping, where an SSB-RO mapping cycle requires a non-integer times of FDMed ROs.
[0291] Embodiment 3, if the number of ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS is the same at different time instances, and they locate in different sets of frequency resources over time,
[0292] - if a frequency offset is not configured, a UE can determine the same relative frequency-domain RO among the multiple consecutive frequency-domain ROs at different time instances. In a variant embodiment, in the abovementioned case, a UE determines a frequency distance of the frequency-domain RO for the first PRACH transmission relative to the lowest RO among those associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at the first time instance and applies the frequency distance to the lowest RO associated with the SSB / CSI-RS at latter time instances for the remaining PRACH transmissions.
[0293] - if a frequency offset is configured, the offset is applied additionally within the consecutive frequency-domain ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS.
[0294] For the example of FIG. 4A, there are two frequency-domain ROs associated with SSB#1 at a time instance. Assume that a UE selects the one with lower frequency resource at the first time instance. Without a frequency offset, it always selects the lower frequency resource RO of the two at other time instances; with a frequency offset of 1 RO, it selects the higher frequency RO at the second time instance.
[0295] In Case 4, there are different numbers of ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at different time instances. For example, in FIG. 3A, there are two ROs associated with SSB#1 at the first time instance and only one at the latter two time instances.
[0296] Embodiment 4, if there are different numbers of ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at different time instances, one or more of the following can be used.
[0297] - It can be predetermined that this is an error configuration.
[0298] - A UE is not expected to transmit multiple PRACHs at the time instances, where there are different numbers of frequency-domain ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at different time instances. In other words, a UE may skip some time-domain ROs which are associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS, so that the same number of ROs are associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at the time instances where a UE transmits multiple PRACHs.
[0299] For the example of FIG. 3A, let’s assume SSB#1 is selected. Since the number of ROs associated with SSB#1 is one or two at different time instances, there are two possibilities. 1) a UE chooses time instances where the number of ROs associated with SSB#1 is always one. E. g., RO#6 and RO#9 are chosen for two PRACH transmissions. 2) a UE chooses time instances where the number of ROs associated with SSB#1 is always two, so that after UE skipping time instances with only one RO associated with SSB#1, the case falls back to the one shown in FIG. 2A.
[0300] - Denote K as the minimum number of ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS across different time instances. If at a time instance there are more than K ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS, K ROs are determined, e.g., by a predetermined rule of K lowest frequency-domain ROs, or configured by gNB for UE to transmit PRACH, and ROs other than the K determined ROs at the time instance are not used. Therefore, it falls back to Case 2 or Case 3.
[0301] For the example of FIG. 3A, the number of ROs associated with SSB#1 is 1 or two at different time instances, therefore K=1. Between the two ROs associated with SSB#1 at the first time instance, the RO with lower frequency is selected.
[0302] - A list of ROs for the multiple PRACH transmissions can be configured. For the same example, for SSB#1, frequency starting position can be configured as 0 for RO#0, RO#6, RO#9 or configured as 3 for RO#3, RO#6, RO#9.
[0303] Different frequency-domain ROs for multiple PRACH transmissions with different Tx beams
[0304] According to the following conclusion, multiple PRACH transmissions with different Tx beams and beam indication for the following UL transmission would not be supported in Rel-18 but is being proposed for Rel-19 coverage enhancement.
[0305] With different Tx beams, a UE may alternate beam for each PRACH transmission (beam sweeping) or change its beam after several consecutive PRACH transmissions.
[0306] Embodiment 1, for each frequency resource, one or more of the following Tx beam to RO mapping can be applied.
[0307] - Option 1, from the first PRACH to the last one in time, a UE switches its Tx beam after each PRACH transmission. This is the same as when there is no change of frequency resources.
[0308] - Option 2, for each frequency resource, a UE transmits PRACHs with all its Tx beams. In other words, PRACHs transmitted with one Tx beam locate in all frequency resources.
[0309] For example, illustrations of Option 1 with two Tx beams and four Tx beams are shown in FIGS. 6A-6B. PRACHs transmitted with one beam always locate in the same frequency resources. Option 2 is shown in FIGS. 7A-7B, where PRACHs transmitted with one beam are in different frequency resources. In order for gNB to identify a strongest beam for the subsequent UL transmissions, one method is to allow PRACHs transmitted with each UL Tx beam to use the same set of frequency resources. Then Option 2 can meet the requirement. Option 1, as illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6B, would confuse gNB that beam 1 outperforms beam 2 is due to better directivity or frequency selectivity.
[0310] A sub-Embodiment of embodiment 1, for option 1, if a UE transmits multiple PRACHs with different Tx beams and with different frequency resources. UE determine the TX beam index and frequency position index based on gNB configuration and equation for multiple PRACH transmissions.
[0311] Network configure frequency offset H. The frequency domain resource at the same time is F, the relationship between the beam index #k and the frequency domain position f is as following equation. f=mod ( (k-1) *H, F) . For example, in the above table of FIGS. 6A-6B, configure H=2, beam 2 using mod ( (2-1) *2, 2) =1 frequency ROs in the picture, beam 3 using mod ( (3-1) *2, 2) =0 frequency ROs in the fig.
[0312] Embodiment 2, if a UE transmits multiple PRACHs with different Tx beams and with different frequency resources, it can determine the number of PRACH transmissions and the number of its Tx beams according to one or more of the following equations.
[0313] the number of PRACH transmissions = the number of its Tx beams *the number of frequency-domain ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time (Equation 1)
[0314] the number of its Tx beams = the number of PRACH transmissions / the number of frequency-domain ROs associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time (Equation 2)
[0315] If there is only one frequency-domain RO associated with the selected SSB / CSI-RS at a time, the equation means the number of PRACH transmissions equals the number of Tx beams, namely there is a one-to-one mapping between Tx beam and PRACH transmissions. If there are two frequency-domain ROs associated with the same SSB at a time, as illustrated in FIG. 2A, FIG. 4B and FIG. 4C, according to Equation 1, a UE would transmit two PRACH transmissions with a Tx beam, one at a frequency-domain RO.
[0316] If the legacy rule for UE determination of the number of multiple PRACH transmissions with the same Tx beam based on SSB RSRP is reused for multiple PRACH transmissions with different beams, a UE can determine the number of its Tx beams based on Equation 2 and the determined number of PRACH transmissions. For example, if 8 PRACH transmissions are determined, with two frequency resources, a UE will transmit them with four Tx beams. If the legacy rule is not applicable, the number of Tx beams will determine the number of PRACH transmissions. For example, a UE with two Tx beams can transmit four PRACH transmissions on two frequency resources.
Claims
1.A method (500) implemented at a terminal device, comprising:determining (510) a first association between candidate physical random access channel (PRACH) occasions (ROs) and synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , the candidate ROs being configured for a set of a plurality of PRACH transmissions and allocated at frequency resources and time instances;determining (520) a RO selection criterion based at least in part on the first association;selecting (530) , according to the RO selection criterion, a plurality of ROs associated with a selected SSB of the terminal device from the candidate ROs, the plurality of selected ROs being located at different frequency resources; andperforming (540) a plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the RO selection criterion is determined further based on a transmission configuration on the plurality of PRACH transmissions, the transmission configuration indicates that the plurality of PRACH transmissions at different frequency resources over time are enabled.3.The method of claim 1, wherein determining the RO selection criterion comprises at least one of the following:in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB are different over time, determining a first RO selection criterion;in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that a same set of frequency resources of candidate ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, determining a second RO selection criterion for the first association;in accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that a same number of frequency resources of candidate ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances and the set of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB are different over time, determining a third RO selection criterion; andin accordance with at least a determination that the first association indicates that different numbers of ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, determining a fourth RO selection criterion.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the first RO selection criterion bydetermining a plurality of consecutive time instances for the plurality of PRACH transmission, at least one candidate RO associated with the selected SSB being allocated a time instance for a PRACH transmission; andselecting, from frequency resources of the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, a plurality of frequency resources at the plurality of determined time instances, respectively, for the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB.5.The method of claim 3, wherein the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the second RO selection criterion bydetermining a first frequency resource of a first RO associated with the selected SSB at a first time instance for a first PRACH transmission; anddetermining a second frequency resource of a second RO associated with the selected SSB at a second time instance for a second PRACH transmission according to a first relationship, the first relationship being related to the first frequency resource, a frequency offset relative to the first frequency resource, and a value for a mod function.6.The method of claim 5, wherein selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the second RO selection criterion further byin accordance with a determination that the frequency offset is not configured, determining the second frequency resource of the second RO to be different from the first frequency resource.7.The method of claim 5, wherein the first relationship is related to:a frequency index of the first frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association,a frequency offset between the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association, anda total number of frequency resources of the candidate ROs in the first association at a time instance.8.The method of claim 5, wherein the first relationship is related to:a frequency index of the first frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance,a frequency offset between the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource among frequency indices of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance, anda total number of frequency resources of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance.9.The method of claim 5, wherein the frequency offset is configured by a network device or derived by the terminal device.10.The method of claim 5, wherein a start RO at a start time instance for a start PRACH transmission of the plurality of PRACH transmissions is configured by a network device or derived by the terminal device.11.The method of claim 3, wherein the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the third RO selection criterion byin accordance with a determination that a frequency offset is not configured,determining a reference frequency offset, andselecting, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB at different time instances based on the reference frequency offset, wherein among the plurality of selected ROs, two selected ROs at adjacent time instances have the reference frequency offset; andin accordance with a determination that a frequency offset is configured,selecting, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, the plurality of ROs based on the reference frequency offset and the configured frequency offset, wherein the configured frequency offset is applied relative to the reference frequency offset.12.The method of claim 11, wherein determining the reference frequency offset comprises:determining, from the candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB, a RO at a time instance for a start PRACH transmission of the plurality of PRACH transmissions; anddetermining a reference frequency offset based on a frequency offset between the determined RO and a reference RO associated with the selected SSB at the start time instance.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the reference RO is a RO with at lowest frequency resource among candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB.14.The method of claim 3, wherein the selecting comprises: selecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to the fourth RO selection criterion by at least one of the following:selecting a first number of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance and skipping time instances with a different number of candidate ROs associated with the selected SSB,selecting a second number of ROs associated with the selected SSB at each of the plurality of time instances according to a predetermined selection rule, the second number being a minimum number among the different numbers of ROs associated with the selected SSB, orselecting the plurality of ROs associated with the selected SSB according to a RO list, the RO list indicating a RO associated with the selected SSB to be selected at a time instance.15.The method of claim 1, further comprising:in accordance with a determination that the first association indicates that different numbers of ROs are associated with the selected SSB at a plurality of time instances, determining that the plurality of PRACH transmissions are not to be performed.16.The method of claim 1, wherein performing the plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs comprises:performing the plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs using a plurality of transmit beams.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the plurality of transmit beams are switched between respective PRACH transmissions of the plurality of PRACH transmissions.18.The method of claim 17, further comprising:determining an index of a transmit beam and a frequency index of a frequency resource at which the transmit beam is used according to a second relationship, wherein the second relationship is related to a frequency offset, the number of frequency resources of selected ROs at a time instance.19.The method of claim 16, wherein the plurality of transmit beams are switched between respective frequency resources of the plurality of selected ROs.20.The method of claim 16, further comprising:determining the number of PRACH transmissions based on the number of transmit beams and the number of frequency resources of ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance; ordetermining the number of transmit beams based on the number of PRACH transmissions and the number of frequency resources of ROs associated with the selected SSB at a time instance.21.A terminal device (800) comprising:at least one processor (810) ; andat least one memory (820) , the at least one memory (820) containing instructions executable by the at least one processor (810) , whereby the terminal device (800) is operative to:determine a first association between candidate physical random access channel (PRACH) occasions (ROs) and synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , the candidate ROs being configured for a set of a plurality of PRACH transmissions and allocated at frequency resources and time instances;determine a RO selection criterion based at least in part on the first association;select, according to the RO selection criterion, a plurality of ROs associated with a selected SSB of the terminal device from the candidate ROs, the plurality of selected ROs being located at different frequency resources; andperform a plurality of PRACH transmissions on the plurality of selected ROs.22.The terminal device (800) of claim 21, wherein the terminal device (800) is operative to perform the method according to any of claims 2 to 20.23.A communication system (100) , comprising:at least one terminal device (110) that is operative to perform the method according to any of claims 1-20; andat least one network device (120) .24.A computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of claims 1-20.