Maximum power reduction

Abstract

A disclosure of this specification provides a UE configured to operate in a wireless system, the UE comprising a transceiver, a processor operably connectable to the transceiver, wherein the processer is configured to: determining a maximum output power, based on an MPR; transmitting a S-SSB via RB allocation on contiguous carrier in a band for CA, based on the maximum output power, wherein power class of the UE is power class 3, wherein the RB allocation belongs to one among Inner, Outer1 and Outer2, wherein the value of the MPR is based on the RB allocation.

Description

MAXIMUM POWER REDUCTION

[0001] The present disclosure relates to mobile communication.

[0002] 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim to reduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand and improve coverage and system capacity. The 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequency band, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate power consumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.

[0003] Work has started in International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP to develop requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems. 3GPP has to identify and develop the technology components needed for successfully standardizing the new RAT timely satisfying both the urgent market needs, and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITU Radio communication sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Further, the NR should be able to use any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be made available for wireless communications even in a more distant future.

[0004] The NR targets a single technical framework addressing all usage scenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), etc. The NR shall be inherently forward compatible.

[0005] In 5G NR, the terminal may apply maximum output power requirements (or, requirements) to determine the transmit power. For example, the maximum output power requirement may be a Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) value.

[0006] The power class refers to the maximum power for all transmission bandwidths within the channel bandwidth of the NR carrier, measured in one subframe (1 ms) period.

[0007] The MPR value for S-SSB for a power class 3 CA UE is required.

[0008] MPR for S-SSB power class 3 CA UE is proposed.

[0009] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0010] FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0011] FIG. 3 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0012] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0013] FIG. 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0014] FIG. 6 is a wireless communication system.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates structure of a radio frame used in NR.

[0016] FIG. 8 shows an example of subframe types in NR.

[0017] FIGS. 9 and 10 show an example of a method of limiting the transmission power of the UE.

[0018] FIG. 11 show an example of PSCCH / PSSCH multiplexing.

[0019] FIG. 12 show an example of S-SSB structure.

[0020] FIG. 13 show an example of the S-SSB MPR simulation results for the SL contiguous CA scenarios.

[0021] FIG. 14 show an example of the S-SSB MPR simulation results for the SL contiguous CA scenarios.

[0022] FIG. 15 is a flow chart showing an example of a procedure of a UE according to the present disclosure.

[0023] The following techniques, apparatuses, and systems may be applied to a variety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of the multiple access systems include a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) system, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) system, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system, a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system, and a Multi Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) system. CDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is a part of a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA in downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in uplink (UL). Evolution of 3GPP LTE includes LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-A Pro, and / or 5G New Radio (NR).

[0024] For convenience of description, implementations of the present disclosure are mainly described in regards to a 3GPP based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0025] For terms and technologies which are not specifically described among the terms of and technologies employed in the present disclosure, the wireless communication standard documents published before the present disclosure may be referenced.

[0026] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0027] In the present disclosure, slash ( / ) or comma (,) may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C".

[0028] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". In addition, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as same as "at least one of A and B".

[0029] In addition, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0030] Also, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". In detail, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when shown as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0031] Technical features that are separately described in one drawing in the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0032] Although not limited thereto, various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0033] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to drawings. The same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or functional blocks unless otherwise indicated.

[0034] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0035] The 5G usage scenarios shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios which are not shown in FIG. 1.

[0036] Three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) a category of enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), (2) a category of massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and (3) a category of Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC).

[0037] Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, Base Stations (BSs) 200, and a network 300. Although FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system 1, the implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system, and can be applied to the future communication system beyond the 5G system.

[0038] The BSs 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device may operate as a BS / network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0039] The wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices performing communication using Radio Access Technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices 100a to 100f may include, without being limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an eXtended Reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device 100f, and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. The vehicles may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter.

[0040] In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be called User Equipments (UEs). A UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a Portable Multimedia Player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate Personal Computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle having an autonomous traveling function, a connected car, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environment device, a device related to a 5G service, or a device related to a fourth industrial revolution field.

[0041] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a beyond-5G network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs 200 / network 300. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) / Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0042] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c may be established between the wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless device 100a to 100f and BS 200 and / or between BSs 200. Herein, the wireless communication / connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or Device-to-Device (D2D) communication) 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB)), etc. The wireless devices 100a to 100f and the BSs 200 / the wireless devices 100a to 100f may transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other through the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c may transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / de-mapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting / receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0043] NR supports multiples numerologies (and / or multiple Sub-Carrier Spacings (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if SCS is 15 kHz, wide area can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. If SCS is 60 kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0044] The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range, i.e., Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2). The numerical value of the frequency range may be changed. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6 GHz range", FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range," and may be referred to as millimeter Wave (mmW).

[0045] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0046] As mentioned above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410MHz to 7125MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bands may be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0047] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0048] Here, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology, may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and be called by various names such as enhanced MTC (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of the various specifications, such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN which take into account low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate Personal Area Networks (PANs) associated with small / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4 and may be called various names.

[0049] FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0050] In FIG. 2, The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be implemented in various forms according to use cases / services. For example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to at least one of {the wireless device 100a to 100f and the BS 200}, {the wireless device 100a to 100f and the wireless device 100a to 100f} and / or {the BS 200 and the BS 200} of FIG. 1. The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be configured by various elements, devices / parts, and / or modules.

[0051] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 106, at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 101, and / or one or more antennas 108.

[0052] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor, such a processor 102, and at least one memory, such as a memory 104. Additional and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be placed outside of the processing chip 101.

[0053] The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process information within the memory 104 to generate first information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive radio signals including second information / signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104.

[0054] The memory 104 may be operably connectable to the processor 102. The memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 104 may store a firmware and / or a software code 105 which implements codes, commands, and / or a set of commands that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.

[0055] Herein, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0056] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 206, at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 201, and / or one or more antennas 208.

[0057] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor, such a processor 202, and at least one memory, such as a memory 204. Additional and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be placed outside of the processing chip 201.

[0058] The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process information within the memory 204 to generate third information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204.

[0059] The memory 204 may be operably connectable to the processor 202. The memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 204 may store a firmware and / or a software code 205 which implements codes, commands, and / or a set of commands that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.

[0060] Herein, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit. In the present disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0061] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as Physical (PHY) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs), one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs), messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.

[0062] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an Application Processor (AP), an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), and a memory control processor.

[0063] The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by Random Access Memory (RAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drive, register, cash memory, computer-readable storage medium, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior and / or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.

[0064] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0065] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208. Additionally and / or alternatively, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include one or more antennas 108 and 208. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be adapted to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, the one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0066] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can up-convert OFDM baseband signals to OFDM signals by their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at the carrier frequency. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signals into OFDM baseband signals by their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202.

[0067] Although not shown in FIG. 2, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include additional components. The additional components 140 may be variously configured according to types of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an Input / Output (I / O) device (e.g., audio I / O port, video I / O port), a driving device, and a computing device. The additional components 140 may be coupled to the one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies, such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0068] In the implementations of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in Uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in Downlink (DL). In the implementations of the present disclosure, a BS may operate as a receiving device in UL and as a transmitting device in DL. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as the UE, and the second wireless device 200 acts as the BS. For example, the processor(s) 102 connected to, mounted on or launched in the first wireless device 100 may be adapted to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 106 to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The processor(s) 202 connected to, mounted on or launched in the second wireless device 200 may be adapted to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 206 to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

[0069] In the present disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a node B (NB), an eNode B (eNB), or a gNB.

[0070] FIG. 3 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 3, a UE 100 may correspond to the first wireless device 100 of FIG. 2.

[0072] A UE 100 includes a processor 102, a memory 104, a transceiver 106, one or more antennas 108, a power management module 141, a battery 142, a display 143, a keypad 144, a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card 145, a speaker 146, and a microphone 147.

[0073] The processor 102 may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The processor 102 may be adapted to control one or more other components of the UE 100 to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. Layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 102. The processor 102 may include ASIC, other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The processor 102 may be an application processor. The processor 102 may include at least one of DSP, CPU, GPU, a modem (modulator and demodulator). An example of the processor 102 may be found in SNAPDRAGONTMseries of processors made by Qualcomm®, EXYNOSTMseries of processors made by Samsung®, A series of processors made by Apple®, HELIOTMseries of processors made by MediaTek®, ATOMTMseries of processors made by Intel®or a corresponding next generation processor.

[0074] The memory 104 is operatively coupled with the processor 102 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 102. The memory 104 may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The modules can be stored in the memory 104 and executed by the processor 102. The memory 104 can be implemented within the processor 102 or external to the processor 102 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 102 via various means as is known in the art.

[0075] The transceiver 106 is operatively coupled with the processor 102, and transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 106 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver 106 controls the one or more antennas 108 to transmit and / or receive a radio signal.

[0076] The power management module 141 manages power for the processor 102 and / or the transceiver 106. The battery 142 supplies power to the power management module 141.

[0077] The display 143 outputs results processed by the processor 102. The keypad 144 receives inputs to be used by the processor 102. The keypad 144 may be shown on the display 143.

[0078] The SIM card 145 is an　integrated circuit　that is intended to　securely store the　International Mobile Subscriber Identity　(IMSI) number and its related　key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on　mobile telephony　devices (such as　mobile phones　and　computers). It is also possible to store contact information on many SIM cards.

[0079] The speaker 146 outputs sound-related results processed by the processor 102. The microphone 147 receives sound-related inputs to be used by the processor 102.

[0080] <6G System General>

[0081] A 6G (wireless communication) system has purposes such as (i) very high data rate per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) decrease in energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capacity. The vision of the 6G system may include four aspects such as "intelligent connectivity", "deep connectivity", "holographic connectivity" and "ubiquitous connectivity", and the 6G system may satisfy the requirements shown in Table 3 below. That is, Table 3 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0082] Per device peak data rate1 TbpsE2E latency1 msMaximum spectral efficiency100bps / HzMobility supportUp to 1000km / hrSatellite integrationFullyAIFullyAutonomous vehicleFullyXRFullyHaptic CommunicationFully

[0083] The 6G system may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion and enhanced data security.

[0084] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0085] The 6G system will have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than a 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, which is the key feature of 5G, will become more important technology by providing end-to-end latency less than 1 ms in 6G communication. At this time, the 6G system may have much better volumetric spectrum efficiency unlike frequently used domain spectrum efficiency. The 6G system may provide advanced battery technology for energy harvesting and very long battery life and thus mobile devices may not need to be separately charged in the 6G system. In addition, in 6G, new network characteristics may be as follows.

[0086] - Satellites integrated network: To provide a global mobile group, 6G will be integrated with satellite. Integrating terrestrial waves, satellites and public networks as one wireless communication system may be very important for 6G.

[0087] - Connected intelligence: Unlike the wireless communication systems of previous generations, 6G is innovative and wireless evolution may be updated from "connected things" to "connected intelligence". AI may be applied in each step (or each signal processing procedure which will be described below) of a communication procedure.

[0088] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: A 6G wireless network may transfer power in order to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0089] - Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low earth orbit satellites will establish super 3D connection in 6G ubiquitous.

[0090] In the new network characteristics of 6G, several general requirements may be as follows.

[0091] - Small cell networks: The idea of a small cell network was introduced in order to improve received signal quality as a result of throughput, energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency improvement in a cellular system. As a result, the small cell network is an essential feature for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB) communication systems. Accordingly, the 6G communication system also employs the characteristics of the small cell network.

[0092] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of the 6G communication system. A multi-tier network composed of heterogeneous networks improves overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0093] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connection is characterized by a high-capacity backhaul network in order to support high-capacity traffic. A high-speed optical fiber and free space optical (FSO) system may be a possible solution for this problem.

[0094] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based service) through communication is one of the functions of the 6G wireless communication system. Accordingly, the radar system will be integrated with the 6G network.

[0095] - Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important functions which are the bases of a design process in a 5GB network in order to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability.

[0096] <Core implementation technology of 6G system>

[0097] Artificial Intelligence

[0098] Technology which is most important in the 6G system and will be newly introduced is AI. AI was not involved in the 4G system. A 5G system will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will support AI for full automation. Advance in machine learning will create a more intelligent network for real-time communication in 6G. When AI is introduced to communication, real-time data transmission may be simplified and improved. AI may determine a method of performing complicated target tasks using countless analysis. That is, AI may increase efficiency and reduce processing delay.

[0099] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection or resource scheduling may be immediately performed by using AI. AI may play an important role even in M2M, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communication. In addition, AI may be rapid communication in a brain computer interface (BCI). An AI based communication system may be supported by meta materials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent recognition radios, self-maintaining wireless networks and machine learning.

[0100] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with a wireless communication system in the application layer or the network layer, but deep learning have been focused on the wireless resource management and allocation field. However, such studies are gradually developed to the MAC layer and the physical layer, and, particularly, attempts to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission are emerging. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying a signal processing and communication mechanism based on an AI driver rather than a traditional communication framework in a fundamental signal processing and communication mechanism. For example, channel coding and decoding based on deep learning, signal estimation and detection based on deep learning, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanisms based on deep learning, resource scheduling and allocation based on AI, etc. may be included.

[0101] Machine learning may be used for channel estimation and channel tracking and may be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of DL. In addition, machine learning may be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, etc. in the MIMO system.

[0102] Machine learning refers to a series of operations to train a machine in order to create a machine which can perform tasks which cannot be performed or are difficult to be performed by people. Machine learning requires data and learning models. In machine learning, data learning methods may be roughly divided into three methods, that is, supervised learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning.

[0103] Neural network learning is to minimize output error. Neural network learning refers to a process of repeatedly inputting training data to a neural network, calculating the error of the output and target of the neural network for the training data, backpropagating the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to an input layer in order to reduce the error and updating the weight of each node of the neural network.

[0104] Supervised learning may use training data labeled with a correct answer and the unsupervised learning may use training data which is not labeled with a correct answer. That is, for example, in case of supervised learning for data classification, training data may be labeled with a category. The labeled training data may be input to the neural network, and the output (category) of the neural network may be compared with the label of the training data, thereby calculating the error. The calculated error is backpropagated from the neural network backward (that is, from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weight of each node of each layer of the neural network may be updated according to backpropagation. Change in updated connection weight of each node may be determined according to the learning rate. Calculation of the neural network for input data and backpropagation of the error may configure a learning cycle (epoch). The learning data is differently applicable according to the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early phase of learning of the neural network, a high learning rate may be used to increase efficiency such that the neural network rapidly ensures a certain level of performance and, in the late phase of learning, a low learning rate may be used to increase accuracy.

[0105] The learning method may vary according to the feature of data. For example, for the purpose of accurately predicting data transmitted from a transmitter in a receiver in a communication system, learning may be performed using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0106] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and may be regarded as the most basic linear model. However, a paradigm of machine learning using a neural network structure having high complexity, such as artificial neural networks, as a learning model is referred to as deep learning.

[0107] Neural network cores used as a learning method may roughly include a deep neural network (DNN) method, a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) method, a recurrent Boltzmman machine (RNN) method and a spiking neural networks (SNN). Such a learning model is applicable.

[0108] THz (Terahertz) Communication

[0109] A data rate may increase by increasing bandwidth. This may be performed by using sub-TH communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves which are known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally indicates a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a corresponding wavelength in a range of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. A band range of 100 GHz to 300 GHz (sub THz band) is regarded as a main part of the THz band for cellular communication. When the sub-THz band is added to the mmWave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity increases. 300 GHz to 3 THz of the defined THz band is in a far infrared (IR) frequency band. A band of 300 GHz to 3 THz is a part of an optical band but is at the border of the optical band and is just behind an RF band. Accordingly, the band of 300 GHz to 3 THz has similarity with RF.

[0110] FIG. 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0111] The main characteristics of THz communication include (i) bandwidth widely available to support a very high data rate and (ii) high path loss occurring at a high frequency (a high directional antenna is indispensable). A narrow beam width generated in the high directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of a THz signal allows a larger number of antenna elements to be integrated with a device and BS operating in this band. Therefore, an advanced adaptive arrangement technology capable of overcoming a range limitation may be used.

[0112] Large-scale MIMO

[0113] One of core technologies for improving spectrum efficiency is MIMO technology. When MIMO technology is improved, spectrum efficiency is also improved. Accordingly, massive MIMO technology will be important in the 6G system. Since MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beam generation and management technology suitable for the THz band should be significantly considered such that data signals are transmitted through one or more paths.

[0114] Hologram Beamforming

[0115] Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit radio signals in a specific direction. This is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology has several advantages, such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and rejection, and high network efficiency. Hologram Beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because this uses a software-defined antenna. HBF will be a very effective approach for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0116] Optical wireless technology

[0117] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared light (IR), or ultraviolet light (UV) to transmit signals. OWC that operates in the visible light band (e.g., 390 to 750 nm) is commonly referred to as visible light communication (VLC). VLC implementations may utilize light-emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal communications networks, and vehicular networks.

[0118] VLC has the following advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is free / unlicensed and can provide a wide range of bandwidth (THz-level bandwidth). Second, VLC rarely causes significant interference to other electromagnetic devices; therefore, VLC can be applied in sensitive electromagnetic interference applications such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC has strengths in communications security and privacy. The transmission medium of VLC-based networks, i.e., visible light, cannot penetrate walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, which can protect users' privacy and sensitive information. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0119] Free-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space, such as air, outer space, and vacuum, to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSOs can operate in the near-infrared frequencies (750-1600 nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10 Gbit / s), offering a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0120] These OWC technologies are planned for 6G communications, in addition to RF-based communications for any possible device-to-access network. These networks will access network-to-backhaul / fronthaul network connections. OWC technology has already been in use since 4G communication systems, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and FSO communication based on optical bands are already well-known technologies. Communication based on optical wireless technology can provide very high data rates, low latency, and secure communication.

[0121] LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) can also be utilized for ultra-high resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications based on the optical band. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to shine a light on an object, and the reflected light is detected by a light sensor to measure distance. LiDAR can be used for fully automated driving of cars.

[0122] FSO Backhaul Network

[0123] The characteristics of the transmitter and receiver of the FSO system are similar to those of an optical fiber network. Accordingly, data transmission of the FSO system similar to that of the optical fiber system. Accordingly, FSO may be a good technology for providing backhaul connection in the 6G system along with the optical fiber network. When FSO is used, very long-distance communication is possible even at a distance of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports mass backhaul connections for remote and non-remote areas such as sea, space, underwater and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connections.

[0124] NTN: Non-Terrestrial Networks

[0125] The 6G system will integrate terrestrial and aerial networks to support vertically expanding user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding a new dimension in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity quite different from traditional 2D networks. NR considers Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) as one way to do this. An NTN is a network or network segment that uses RF resources aboard a satellite (or UAS platform). There are two common scenarios for NTNs that provide access to user equipment: transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of an NTN

[0126] - One or more sat-gateways connecting the NTN to a public data network

[0127] - GEO satellites are fed by one or multiple sat-gateways deployed across the satellite target coverage (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one sat-gateway.

[0128] - Non-GEO satellites that are continuously served by one or multiple satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between successively serviced satellite gateways with a time duration sufficient to allow mobility anchoring and handover to proceed.

[0129] - The feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0130] - The service link or radio link between the user equipment and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0131] - Satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. Satellite (or UAS platform) generated beam A satellite (or UAS platform) generates multiple beams for a given service area, typically based on its field of view. The footprint of a beam is typically elliptical. The field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum angle of attack.

[0132] - Transparent payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged.

[0133] - Regenerative payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. This is effectively the same as carrying all or part of the base station functions (e.g., gNB) on board a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0134] - Optionally, for satellite deployments, an inter-satellite link (ISL). This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the optical band.

[0135] - The user equipment is serviced by the satellite (or UAS platform) within the targeted coverage area.

[0136] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional, or local services.

[0137] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide service in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires proper orbital inclination, sufficient beams generated, and links between satellites.

[0138] Quantum Communication

[0139] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that can overcome the limitations of conventional communication, such as security and ultra-fast computation, by applying quantum mechanical properties to the field of communication. Quantum communication provides a means of generating, transmitting, processing, and storing information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0s and 1s according to binary bit information used in conventional communication technologies, or is difficult to express. In conventional communication technologies, wavelengths or amplitudes are used to transmit information between the sender and receiver, but in quantum communication, photons, the smallest unit of light, are used to transmit information between the sender and receiver. In particular, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be used for the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), so quantum communication has the characteristic of being able to communicate with perfect security. Quantum communication may also enable ultrafast communication using quantum entanglement under certain conditions.

[0140] Cell-free Communication

[0141] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial for 6G systems. As a result, users will be able to seamlessly move from one network to another without having to create any manual configurations on their devices. The best network is automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communications. Currently, the movement of users from one cell to another causes too many handovers in dense networks, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and ping-pong effects. 6G cell-free communications will overcome all of these and provide better QoS.

[0142] Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which multiple geographically distributed antennas (APs) cooperatively serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and a CPU." A single terminal is served by a set of multiple APs, called an AP cluster. There are several ways to form AP clusters, among which the method of organizing AP clusters with APs that can significantly contribute to improving the reception performance of a terminal is called the terminal-centric clustering method, and the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. This device-centric AP clustering technique ensures that the device is always at the center of the AP cluster and is therefore immune to inter-cluster interference that can occur when a device is located at the boundary of an AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies and different heterogeneous radios in the device.

[0143] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0144] WIET uses the same field and wave as a wireless communication system. In particular, a sensor and a smartphone will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery charging wireless systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communication.

[0145] Integration of Wireless Communication and Sensing

[0146] An autonomous wireless network is a function for continuously detecting a dynamically changing environment state and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.

[0147] Integrated Access and Backhaul Network

[0148] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network is connected by optical fiber and backhaul connection such as FSO network. To cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be a tight integration between the access and backhaul networks.

[0149] Big Data Analysis

[0150] Big data analysis is a complex process for analyzing various large data sets or big data. This process finds information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer disposition to ensure complete data management. Big data is collected from various sources such as video, social networks, images and sensors. This technology is widely used for processing massive data in the 6G system.

[0151] Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurface

[0152] There has been a large body of research that considers the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with the transmitter and receiver. The radio environment created by this approach is referred to as a Smart Radio Environment (SRE) or Intelligent Radio Environment (IRE) to emphasize its fundamental difference from past design and optimization criteria. Various terms have been proposed for reconfigurable intelligent antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) technologies to enable SRE, including Reconfigurable Metasurfaces, Smart Large Intelligent Surfaces (SLIS), Large Intelligent Surfaces (LIS), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), and Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS).

[0153] In the case of THz band signals, there are many shadowed areas caused by obstacles due to the strong straightness of the signal, and RIS technology is important to expand the communication area by installing RIS near these shadowed areas to enhance communication stability and provide additional value-added services. RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that can alter the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. Although RIS can be seen as an extension of massive MIMO, it has a different array structure and operating mechanism than massive MIMO. RIS has the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, i.e., it only passively reflects signals without using active RF chains. Furthermore, each of the passive reflectors in the RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, which can be advantageous for the wireless communication channel. By properly adjusting the phase shift through the RIS controller, the reflected signals can be gathered at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

[0154] In addition to reflecting radio signals, there are also RISs that can tune transmission and refractive properties, and these RISs are often used for outdoor to indoor (O2I) applications. Recently, STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS), which provides transmission at the same time as reflection, has also been actively researched.

[0155] Metaverse

[0156] Metaverse is a combination of the words "meta" meaning virtual, transcendent, and "universe" meaning space. Generally speaking, the term is used to describe a three-dimensional virtual space in which social and economic activities are the same as in the real world.

[0157] Extended Reality (XR), a key technology that enables the metaverse, is the fusion of the virtual and the real, which can extend the experience of reality and provide a unique immersive experience. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0158] Autonomous Driving (Self-driving)

[0159] For fully autonomous driving, vehicles need to communicate with each other to alert each other to dangerous situations, or with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as the location of parking information and signal change times. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), a key element in building an autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share information with various elements on the road, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), in order to drive autonomously.

[0160] In order to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low latency technologies are essential. In addition, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond delivering warnings and guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in the operation of the vehicle and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations, and the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received will be enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0161] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

[0162] An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or drone will be an important factor in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, a high-speed data wireless connection is provided using UAV technology. A base station entity is installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain features, which are not found in fixed base station infrastructures, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and mobility-controlled degrees of freedom. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes services cannot be provided in volatile environments. The UAV can easily handle this situation. The UAV will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communications. This technology facilitates the three basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC and mMTC. The UAV can also serve a number of purposes, such as network connectivity improvement, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0163] Block-chain

[0164] A blockchain will be important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. The blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, and distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node duplicates and stores the same copy of the ledger. The blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This may exist without being managed by a centralized institution or server. Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. The blocks are connected to each other and protected using encryption. The blockchain completely complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability and scalability. Accordingly, the blockchain technology provides several functions such as interoperability between devices, high-capacity data traceability, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

[0165] FIG. 6 is a wireless communication system.

[0166] As can be seen with reference to FIG. 6, a wireless communication system includes at least one base station (BS). The BS is divided into gNodeB (or gNB) 20a and eNodeB (or eNB) 20b. The gNB (20a) supports 5th generation mobile communication. The eNB (20b) supports 4th generation mobile communication, that is, long term evolution (LTE).

[0167] Each base station 20a and 20b provides communication services for a specific geographic area (generally referred to as a cell) 20-1, 20-2, and 20-3. A cell can be further divided into multiple areas (referred to as sectors).

[0168] The UE usually belongs to one cell, and the cell to which the UE belongs is called a serving cell. A base station that provides communication services to a serving cell is called a serving BS. Since the wireless communication system is a cellular system, there are other cells adjacent to the serving cell. Other cells adjacent to the serving cell are called neighboring cells. A base station that provides communication services to a neighboring cell is called a neighboring base station (neighbor BS). The serving cell and neighboring cells are determined relatively based on the UE.

[0169] Hereinafter, downlink refers to communication from the base station 20 to the UE 10, and uplink refers to communication from the UE 10 to the base station 20. In the downlink, the transmitter may be part of the base station 20 and the receiver may be part of the UE 10. In the uplink, the transmitter may be part of the UE 10 and the receiver may be part of the base station 20.

[0170] Meanwhile, wireless communication systems can be broadly divided into FDD (frequency division duplex) and TDD (time division duplex) methods. According to the FDD method, uplink transmission and downlink transmission occur while occupying different frequency bands. According to the TDD method, uplink transmission and downlink transmission occupy the same frequency band and occur at different times. The channel response of the TDD method is substantially reciprocal. This means that in a given frequency region, the downlink channel response and the uplink channel response are almost identical. Therefore, in a wireless communication system based on TDD, there is an advantage that the downlink channel response can be obtained from the uplink channel response. In the TDD method, uplink transmission and downlink transmission are time-divided over the entire frequency band, so downlink transmission by the base station and uplink transmission by the UE cannot be performed simultaneously. In a TDD system in which uplink transmission and downlink transmission are separated on a subframe basis, uplink transmission and downlink transmission are performed in different subframes.

[0171] <Operating Band>

[0172] An operating band in NR is as follows.

[0173] Table 4 shows examples of operating bands on FR1. Operating bands shown in Table 4 is a reframing operating band that is transitioned from an operating band of LTE / LTE-A. This operating band may be referred to as FR1 operating band.

[0174] NR operating bandUplink (UL) operating bandDownlink (DL) operating bandDuplex modeFUL_low- FUL_highFDL_low- FDL_highn11920 MHz - 1980 MHz2110 MHz - 2170 MHzFDDn21850 MHz - 1910 MHz1930 MHz - 1990 MHzFDDn31710 MHz - 1785 MHz1805 MHz - 1880 MHzFDDn5824 MHz - 849 MHz869 MHz - 894 MHzFDDn72500 MHz - 2570 MHz2620 MHz - 2690 MHzFDDn8880 MHz - 915 MHz925 MHz - 960 MHzFDDn12699 MHz - 716 MHz729 MHz - 746 MHzFDDn13777 MHz - 787 MHz746 MHz - 756 MHzFDDn14788 MHz - 798 MHz758 MHz - 768 MHzFDDn18815 MHz - 830 MHz860 MHz - 875 MHzFDDn20832 MHz - 862 MHz791 MHz - 821 MHzFDDn251850 MHz - 1915 MHz1930 MHz - 1995 MHzFDDn26814 MHz - 849 MHz859 MHz - 894 MHzFDDn28703 MHz - 748 MHz758 MHz - 803 MHzFDDn29N / A717 MHz - 728 MHzSDLn302305 MHz - 2315 MHz2350 MHz - 2360 MHzFDDn342010 MHz - 2025 MHz2010 MHz - 2025 MHzTDDn382570 MHz - 2620 MHz2570 MHz - 2620 MHzTDDn391880 MHz - 1920 MHz1880 MHz - 1920 MHzTDDn402300 MHz - 2400 MHz2300 MHz - 2400 MHzTDDn412496 MHz - 2690 MHz2496 MHz - 2690 MHzTDDn465150 MHz - 5925 MHz5150 MHz - 5925 MHzTDDn475855 MHz - 5925 MHz5855 MHz - 5925 MHzTDDn483550 MHz - 3700 MHz3550 MHz - 3700 MHzTDDn501432 MHz - 1517 MHz1432 MHz - 1517 MHzTDDn511427 MHz - 1432 MHz1427 MHz - 1432 MHzTDDn532483.5 MHz - 2495 MHz2483.5 MHz - 2495 MHzTDDn651920 MHz - 2010 MHz2110 MHz - 2200 MHzFDDn661710 MHz - 1780 MHz2110 MHz - 2200 MHzFDDn701695 MHz - 1710 MHz1995 MHz - 2300 MHzFDDn71663 MHz - 698 MHz617 MHz - 652 MHzFDDn741427 MHz - 1470 MHz1475 MHz - 1518 MHzFDDn75N / A1432 MHz - 1517 MHzSDLn76N / A1427 MHz - 1432 MHzSDLn773300 MHz - 4200 MHz3300 MHz - 4200 MHzTDDn783300 MHz - 3800 MHz3300 MHz - 3800 MHzTDDn794400 MHz - 5000 MHz4400 MHz - 5000 MHzTDDn801710 MHz - 1785 MHzN / ASULn81880 MHz - 915 MHzN / ASULn82832 MHz - 862 MHzN / ASULn83703 MHz - 748 MHzN / ASULn841920 MHz - 1980 MHzN / ASULn861710 MHz - 1780 MHzN / ASULn89824 MHz - 849 MHzN / ASULn902496 MHz - 2690 MHz2496 MHz - 2690 MHzTDDn91832 MHz - 862 MHz1427 MHz - 1432 MHzFDDn92832 MHz - 862 MHz1432 MHz - 1517 MHzFDDn93880 MHz - 915 MHz1427 MHz - 1432 MHzFDDn94880 MHz - 915 MHz1432 MHz - 1517 MHzFDDn952010 MHz - 2025 MHzN / ASULn965925 MHz - 7125 MHz5925 MHz - 7125 MHzTDDn972300 MHz - 2400 MHzN / ASULn981880 MHz - 1920 MHzN / ASUL

[0175] Table 5 shows examples of operating bands on FR2. The following table shows operating bands defined on a high frequency. This operating band is referred to as FR2 operating band.

[0176] NR operating bandUplink (UL) operating bandDownlink (DL) operating bandDuplex modeFUL_low- FUL_highFDL_low- FDL_highn25726500 MHz - 29500 MHz26500 MHz - 29500 MHzTDDn25824250 MHz - 27500 MHz24250 MHz - 27500 MHzTDDn25939500 MHz - 43500 MHz39500 MHz - 43500 MHzTDDn26037000 MHz - 40000 MHz37000 MHz - 40000 MHzTDDn26127500 MHz - 283500 MHz27500 MHz - 283500 MHzTDD

[0177] FIG. 7 illustrates structure of a radio frame used in NR.

[0178] In NR, uplink and downlink transmission consists of frames. A radio frame has a length of 10ms and is defined as two 5ms half-frames (Half-Frame, HF). A half-frame is defined as 5 1ms subframes (Subframe, SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on SCS (Subcarrier Spacing). Each slot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to CP (cyclic prefix). When CP is usually used, each slot includes 14 symbols. When the extended CP is used, each slot includes 12 symbols. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or a CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or a DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

[0179] FIG. 8 shows an example of subframe types in NR.

[0180] The TTI (transmission time interval) shown in FIG. 8 may be referred to as a subframe or a slot for NR (or new RAT). The subframe (or slot) of FIG. 8 may be used in a TDD system of NR (or new RAT) to minimize data transmission delay. As shown in FIG. 8, a subframe (or slot) includes 14 symbols, like the current subframe. The front symbol of the subframe (or slot) may be used for the DL control channel, and the rear symbol of the subframe (or slot) may be used for the UL control channel. The remaining symbols may be used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission. According to this subframe (or slot) structure, downlink transmission and uplink transmission may be sequentially performed in one subframe (or slot). Accordingly, downlink data may be received within a subframe (or slot), and uplink acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) may be transmitted within the subframe (or slot).

[0181] The structure of such a subframe (or slot) may be referred to as a self-contained subframe (or slot).

[0182] Specifically, the first N symbols in a slot may be used to transmit DL control channel (hereinafter, DL control region), and the last M symbols in a slot may be used to transmit UL control channel (hereinafter, UL control region). N and M are each an integer greater than or equal to 0. A resource region (hereinafter, referred to as a data region) between the DL control region and the UL control region may be used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission. For example, the PDCCH may be transmitted in the DL control region and the PDSCH may be transmitted in the DL data region. The PUCCH may be transmitted in the UL control region, and the PUSCH may be transmitted in the UL data region.

[0183] When the structure of such subframe (or slot) is used, the time it takes to retransmit data in which a reception error occurs is reduced, so that the final data transmission latency can be minimized. In such a self-contained subframe (or slot) structure, a time gap, from the transmission mode to the reception mode or from the reception mode to the transmission mode, may be required in a transition process. To this, some OFDM symbols when switching from DL to UL in the subframe structure may be set as a guard period (GP).

[0184] <Support of Various Numerologies>

[0185] The numerologies may be defined by a length of cycle prefix (CP) and a subcarrier spacing. One cell may provide a plurality of numerology to a UE. When an index of a numerology is represented by μ, a subcarrier spacing and a corresponding CP length may be expressed as shown in the following table.

[0186] Mf=2μ15 [kHz]CP015Normal130Normal260Normal, Extended3120Normal4240Normal

[0187] In the case of a normal CP, when an index of a numerology is expressed by μ, the number of OLDM symbols per slot Nslotsymb, the number of slots per frame Nframe,μslot, and the number of slots per subframe Nsubframe,μslotare expressed as shown in the following table.

[0188] μNslotsymbNframe,μslotNsubframe,μslot0141011142022144043148084141601651432032

[0189] In the case of an extended CP, when an index of a numerology is represented by μ, the number of OLDM symbols per slot Nslotsymb, the number of slots per frame Nframe,μslot, and the number of slots per subframe Nsubframe,μslotare expressed as shown in the following table.

[0190] μNslotsymbNframe,μslotNsubframe,μslot212404

[0191] <Maximum output power>

[0192] The UE power class (PC) in Table 9 defines the maximum output power for all transmission bandwidths within the channel bandwidth of the NR carrier unless otherwise specified. The measurement period may be at least one subframe (1 ms).

[0193] NRbandClass 1 (dBm)Tolerance (dB)Class 2 (dBm)Tolerance (dB)Class 3 (dBm)Tolerance (dB)n123±2n223±23n323±23n523±2n723±23n823±23n1223±23n1431+2 / -323±23n1823±2n2023±23n2523±23n2623±23n2823+2 / -2.5n3023±2n3423±2n3823±2n3923±2n4023±2n4126+2 / -3323±23n4823+2 / -3n5023±2n5123±2n5323±2n6523±2n6623±2n7023±2n7123+2 / -2.5n7423±2n7726+2 / -323+2 / -3n7826+2 / -323+2 / -3n7926+2 / -323+2 / -3n8023±2n8123±2n8223±2n8323±2 / -2.5n8423±2n8623±2n8923±2n9123±23, 4n9223±23, 4n9323±23, 4n9423±23, 4n9523±2NOTE 1: A power class is the specified maximum UE power without taking tolerance into account.NOTE 2: Power class 3 is the default power class unless otherwise specified.NOTE 3: Referring to the transmission bandwidth bounded within FUL_lowand FUL_low+ 4 MHz or FUL_high- 4 MHz and FUL_high, the maximum output power requirement is relaxed by reducing the lower tolerance limit by 1.5 dB.NOTE 4: The maximum output power requirement is relaxed by reducing the lower tolerance limit by 0.3dB.

[0194] The case where the UE supports a power class different from the basic UE power class for the band, and the supported power class activates a higher maximum output power than the basic power class is as follows.

[0195] - If there is no UE capability maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 field and the ratio of uplink symbols transmitted in a specific evaluation period is greater than 50% (the exact evaluation cycle is more than one radio frame); or

[0196] -If there is no UE capability maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 field and the ratio of uplink symbols transmitted in a specific evaluation period is greater than the defined maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 (the exact evaluation cycle is 1 or more radio frames); or

[0197] -If a defined IE P-Max is provided and set to maximum output power below the default power class

[0198] - All requirements for the basic power class must be applied to the supported power class and the transmit power must be set.

[0199] -Otherwise, the defined IE P-Max is not provided or set to a value higher than the maximum output power of the default power class, and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a specific evaluation period is less than or equal to maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1. or

[0200] - If no defined IE P-Max is provided or is set to a value higher than the maximum output power of the default power class and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a particular evaluation period is equal to 50 % or if maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 is not present. (Exact evaluation period is one or more radio frames):

[0201] - All requirements for supported power classes must be applied and transmit power must be set.

[0202] <Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) and allowed Additional MPR (A-MPR)>

[0203] FIGS. 9 and 10 show an example of a method of limiting the transmission power of theUE.

[0204] Referring to FIG. 9a, the UE 100 may perform transmission with limited transmission power. For example, the UE 100 may perform uplink transmission to the base station through reduced transmission power.

[0205] When the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value of the signal transmitted from the UE 100 increases, in order to limit the transmission power, the UE 100 applies a maximum output power reduction (MPR) value to the transmission power. By doing so, it is possible to reduce the linearity of the power amplifier PA inside the transceiver of the UE 100.

[0206] Referring to FIG. 9b, a base station (BS) may request the UE 100 to apply A-MPR by transmitting a network signal (NS) to the UE 100. In order not to affect adjacent bands, etc., an operation related to A-MPR may be performed. Unlike the MPR described above, the operation related to the A-MPR is an operation in which the base station additionally performs power reduction by transmitting the NS to the UE 100 operating in a specific operating band. That is, when the UE to which MPR is applied receives the NS, the UE may additionally apply A-MPR to determine transmission power.

[0207] The present specification is concerned with the transmission power of a terminal for Sidelink CA communications.

[0208] The present specification may propose the maximum transmit power reduction (MPR) performance requirements, which is the maximum allowable power back off value for S-SSB transmission, to satisfy the spectrum mask specifications (ACLR, SEM, SE, In-band emission) and EVM specifications when the power class of the terminal is power class 3 (23 dBm).

[0209] In 3GPP, the operating band for SL communication may be defined as table 10.

[0210] V2X operating bandsidelink (SL) transmission operating bandFUL_low- FUL_highsidelink (SL) reception operating bandFDL_low- FDL_highDuplex Modeinterfacen142788 MHz - 798 MHz788 MHz - 798 MHzHDPC5n3812570 MHz - 2620 MHz2570 MHz - 2620 MHzHDPC5n475855 MHz - 5925 MHz5855 MHz - 5925 MHzHDPC5n794400 MHz - 5000 MHz4400 MHz - 5000 MHzHDPC5Note 1: When this band is used for V2X SL service, the band is exclusively used for NR V2X in particular regions.Note 2: When this band is used for public safety service, the NR band is operated with both in-coverage scenarios and out-of-coverage scenarios.

[0211] SL contiguous CA communication may be defined in operating band n48.

[0212] 15 kHz, 30 kHz and 60 kHz of SCS (subcarrier space) may be applied.

[0213] Describes maximum output power (MOP).

[0214] The SL CA terminal may be able to inform the NW of its power class information per band or per band combination (in case of CA, DC) and transmit with the corresponding maximum output power. The power class of the SL CA terminal may be power class 3 (23 dBm).

[0215] In general, the terminal may be capable of changing the MOP to equal or less than 23 dBm if the corresponding MOP is greater than 23 dBm, in order to meet the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) specification in FR1, which is the specification that the transmitted power of the terminal shall not cause harm to human health or affect medical equipment.

[0216] This power class 3 SL CA terminal may not need to perform to reduce any additional MOP to meet the SAR specification.

[0217] Example of Standard scenario with MOP applied may be follows:

[0218] - SL contiguous CA UE MOP in 2 CCs(component carriers) of FR1 band (n47)

[0219] Power class 3 SL CA terminals may meet the spectrum mask standards (ACLR, SEM, SE, In-band emission) and EVM standards when transmitting signals. For this purpose, the maximum transmission power of 23 dBm may be reduced by 'X' dB for transmission. The X may be MPR (maximum transmit power reduction).

[0220] The ACLR may be Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio. The SEM may be Spectrum Emission Mask). The SE may be Spurious Emission. The In-band emission may be General in-band emission, Carrier leakage, I / Q image. The EVM may be Error Vector Magnitude.

[0221] The corresponding maximum allowable 'X' value shall be specified as the maximum transmit power reduction (MPR).

[0222] For basic parameters, the simulation assumptions in TR38.785 (Rel-17 enhanced NR sidelink) may be reused. Other constraints for PSCCH / PSSCH / PSFCH / S-SSB may be assumed based on current RAN1’s agreement.

[0223] - Center frequency may be 5.9GHz.

[0224] - Bandwidth per CC may be 10 / 20 / 30 / 40MHz.

[0225] - Bandwidth of aggregated CBW may be 10+10MHz / 20+40MHz / 30+40MHz / 20+30MHz / 10+30MHz / 20+20MHz.

[0226] - Maximum output power for aggregated CBW may be 23dBm.

[0227] - Numerology may be 15 kHz / 30kHz / 60kHz. The numerology may mean SCS (subcarrier spacing)

[0228] - Modulation per CC may be QPSK / 16QAM / 64QAM / 256QAM.

[0229] - Waveform may be CP-OFDM.

[0230] - Carrier leakage may be 25dBc.

[0231] - IQ image may be 34dBc.

[0232] - CIM3 may be 60dBc.

[0233] - PA calibration may be PA calibrated to deliver 30dBc ACLR for a fully allocated RBs in 20MHz QPSK DFT- S-OFDM waveform at 1 dB MPR.

[0234] This is based to share PA between LTE V2X and NR V2X at 5.9GHz as worst case.

[0235] EVM and impairments may be as table 11.

[0236] ModulationSystemEVMPA onlyImagePA+imageQPSK17.5%10%28dB10.0%16QAM12.5%8%28dB8.0%64QAM8%4%28dB5.65%256QAM3.5%1.8%34dB2.69%

[0237] For IBE and impairment exceptions, IBE mask from TS38.101-1 v18.2.0 Table 6.4.2.3-1 may be reused.

[0238] ACLR may be 30dBc for PC3 UE with NR BW.

[0239] SEM may be according to 38.101-1 v18.2.0 clause 6.5.2.2.

[0240] For SL in single CC operation, the simultaneous transmission of PSCCH and PSSCH in the same sub-frame may be supported and the following constraints may be assumed:

[0241] - Allowed sub-channel sizes: Support {10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100} PRBs for possible sub-channel size.

[0242] - Allowed LCRBallocation: 10,12,15,20,24,25,30,36,40,45,48,50,60,70,72,75,80,84,90,96,100,105,108,110,120,130,132,135,140,144,150,156,160,165,168,170,175,180,190,192,195,200,204,210,216

[0243] - Regarding PSCCH / PSSCH multiplexing: FIG. 11

[0244] - PSCCH size: 10RB*3 Symbols

[0245] - PSD offset of X dB between PSCCH and PSSCH: 0dB

[0246] - Modulation for PSFCH: QPSK

[0247] - PSFCH : ZC sequence

[0248] - Structure of Slot: Baseline is to follow RAN1 agreements

[0249] - Modulation for PSBCH: QPSK

[0250] - S-PSS: M-sequence

[0251] - S-SSS: Golden-sequence

[0252] - S-SSB structure : FIG.12

[0253] - related to RB allocation, RBstart: All the possible cases

[0254] - related to RB allocation, LCRB: 11 RB

[0255] FIG. 11 show an example of PSCCH / PSSCH multiplexing.

[0256] FIG. 12 show an example of S-SSB structure.

[0257] The allowed MPR for the maximum output power for NR V2X physical channels on S-SSB transmission may be specified in Table 12 for power class 3 and power class 2.

[0258] Table 12 shows Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) for S-SSB transmission for power class 3 and power class 2 NR V2X.

[0259] ChannelMPRS-SSB(dB)Outer RB allocationsInner RB allocationsS-SSB≤ 6.0≤ 2.5

[0260] For specify valid RB allocation ranges for Outer and Inner RB allocations, NRB, RBStart,Low, RBStart,High, LCRBmay be defined as below.

[0261] NRBmay be the maximum number of RBs for a given Channel bandwidth and sub-carrier spacing as follows(Ts 38.101-1 V18.2.0):

[0262] - when SCS is 15 kHz and channel bandwidth is 3 MHz, NRBmay be 15.

[0263] - when SCS is 15 kHz and channel bandwidth is 5 MHz, NRBmay be 25.

[0264] - when SCS is 15 kHz and channel bandwidth is 10 MHz, NRBmay be 52.

[0265] - when SCS is 15 kHz and channel bandwidth is 15 MHz, NRBmay be 79.

[0266] - when SCS is 15 kHz and channel bandwidth is 20 MHz, NRBmay be 106.

[0267] - when SCS is 15 kHz and channel bandwidth is 25 MHz, NRBmay be 133.

[0268] - when SCS is 15 kHz and channel bandwidth is 30 MHz, NRBmay be 160.

[0269] - when SCS is 15 kHz and channel bandwidth is 35 MHz, NRBmay be 188.

[0270] - when SCS is 15 kHz and channel bandwidth is 40 MHz, NRBmay be 216.

[0271] - when SCS is 15 kHz and channel bandwidth is 45 MHz, NRBmay be 242.

[0272] - when SCS is 15 kHz and channel bandwidth is 50 MHz, NRBmay be 270.

[0273] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 5 MHz, NRBmay be 11.

[0274] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 10 MHz, NRBmay be 24.

[0275] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 15 MHz, NRBmay be 38.

[0276] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 20 MHz, NRBmay be 51.

[0277] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 25 MHz, NRBmay be 65.

[0278] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 30 MHz, NRBmay be 78.

[0279] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 35 MHz, NRBmay be 92.

[0280] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 40 MHz, NRBmay be 106.

[0281] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 45 MHz, NRBmay be 119.

[0282] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 50 MHz, NRBmay be 133.

[0283] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 60 MHz, NRBmay be 162.

[0284] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 70 MHz, NRBmay be 189.

[0285] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 80 MHz, NRBmay be 217.

[0286] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 90 MHz, NRBmay be 245.

[0287] - when SCS is 30 kHz and channel bandwidth is 100 MHz, NRBmay be 273.

[0288] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 10 MHz, NRBmay be 11.

[0289] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 15 MHz, NRBmay be 18.

[0290] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 20 MHz, NRBmay be 24.

[0291] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 25 MHz, NRBmay be 31.

[0292] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 30 MHz, NRBmay be 38.

[0293] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 35 MHz, NRBmay be 44.

[0294] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 40 MHz, NRBmay be 51.

[0295] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 45 MHz, NRBmay be 58.

[0296] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 50 MHz, NRBmay be 65.

[0297] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 60 MHz, NRBmay be 79.

[0298] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 70 MHz, NRBmay be 93.

[0299] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 80 MHz, NRBmay be 107.

[0300] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 90 MHz, NRBmay be 121.

[0301] - when SCS is 60 kHz and channel bandwidth is 100 MHz, NRBmay be 135.

[0302] RBStart,Lowmay be as follows:

[0303] - RBStart,Low= max(1, floor(LCRB / 2))

[0304] The max() indicates the largest value of all arguments and floor(x) is the greatest integer less than or equal to x.

[0305] RBStart,Highmay be as follows:

[0306] - RBStart,High= NRB- RBStart,Low- LCRB

[0307] The RB allocation may be an Inner RB allocation if the following conditions are met:

[0308] - RBStart,Low≤ RBStart≤ RBStart,High, and

[0309] - LCRB≤ ceil(NRB / 2)

[0310] The ceil(x) may be the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

[0311] The RB allocation may be an Outer RB allocation for all other allocations which are not an Inner RB allocation.

[0312] 1. MPR values For S-SSB MPR of SL contiguous CA

[0313] (1) RB allocation and simulation

[0314] The following test scenarios are considered as Table 13 for SL contiguous CA.

[0315] Aggregated CBWScenarioCC1CC2Inner / Outer1 / Outer2 RB allocationSCS10MHz + 10MHz111RB011RB41Outer215211RB1811RB22Outer215311RB2011RB22Outer115411RB3311RB17Outer115511RB3511RB7Inner15611RB4111RB0Inner1520MHz + 30MHz711RB011RB67Outer230811RB1511RB32Outer230911RB1511RB30Outer1301011RB3311RB7Outer1301111RB3411RB7Inner301211RB4011RB0Inner3020MHz + 40MHz1311RB011RB95Outer2301411RB411RB30Outer2301511RB1511RB30Outer1301611RB3311RB7Outer1301711RB3411RB7Inner301811RB4011RB0Inner3030MHz + 40MHz1911RB011RB95Outer2302011RB411RB30Outer2302111RB1511RB30Outer1302211RB4711RB7Outer1302311RB4811RB7Inner302411RB6711RB0Inner3020MHz + 20MHz2511RB011RB40Outer2302611RB411RB30Outer2302711RB2811RB7Outer1302811RB3311RB7Outer1302911RB3411RB0Inner303011RB4011RB0Inner3010MHz + 30MHz3111RB011RB67Outer2303211RB711RB32Outer2303311RB711RB31Outer1303411RB1311RB1Outer1303511RB1311RB0Inner30

[0316] For CA bandwidth classes B (CA band class where the aggregate CBW of two CCs is greater than or equal to 20MHz and less than or equal to 100MHz) with non-contiguous RB allocation, the following parameters may be defined to specify valid RB allocation ranges for Inner, Outer1 and Outer2 RB allocations:

[0317] - Non-Contiguous RB allocation may be defined as RBStart1+ LCRB1< NRB1, orRBStart2> 0, when both uplink CCs are activated and allocated with RB(s).

[0318] The RBStart1, LCRB1, and NRB1may be for CC1. The RBStart2, LCRB2, and NRB2may be for CC2. CC1 may be the component carrier with lower frequency.

[0319] In contiguous CA, a non-contiguous RB allocation may be a non-contiguous Inner RB allocation if the following conditions are met: in the specification, as to proposed MPR values, Inner, Outer1 and Outer 2 RB allocation may be as follows:

[0320] - RBStart,Low≤ RBStart_CA≤ RBStart,Highand NRB_alloc≤ ceil((BWChannel_CA / 3 - BWgap) / 0.18MHz),

[0321] - NRB_alloc= (NRB1- RBStart1)* 2^μ1+ (RBStart2+ LCRB2) * 2^μ2,

[0322] - RBStart_CA= RBStart1*2^m1

[0323] - RBStart,Low= max(1, floor(NRB_alloc+ (BWgap- BWGB,low) / 0.18MHz))

[0324] - RBStart,High= floor((BWChannel_CA- 2 * BWgap- BWGB,low) / 0.18MHz - 2 * NRB_alloc)

[0325] - BWGB,low=Foffset,low- (NRB1*12+1)·SCS1 / 2

[0326] The BWgapmay be the bandwidth of the gap between NRB1and NRB2possible allocations of CC1 and CC2 respectively.

[0327] The μ1and μ2may be related with SCS. In case of SCS = 15 kHz, The μ1and μ2may be 0. In case of SCS = 30 kHz, The μ1and μ2may be 1. In case of SCS = 60 kHz, The μ1and μ2may be 2.

[0328] BWGBmay be max(GBChannel,low, GBChannel,high).

[0329] Foffset,lowmay be Frequency offset from FC,lowto the lower UE RF Bandwidth edge, or from FC,block, lowto the lower sub-block edge.

[0330] The floor(x) may be the greatest integer less than or equal to x. The ceil(x) may be the smallest integer greater than or equal to the x,

[0331] In contiguous CA, a non-contiguous RB allocation may be a non-contiguous outer 1 RB allocation if the following conditions are met:

[0332] - RBStart,Low≤ RBStart_CA≤ RBStart,Highand NRB_alloc≤ ceil((3* BWChannel_CA / 5 - BWgap) / 0.18MHz)

[0333] - RBStart,Low= max(1, 2 * NRB_alloc- floor( (BWChannel_CA- 2 * BWgap+ BWGB,low) / 0.18MHz)),

[0334] - RBStart,High= floor((2 * BWChannel_CA- 3 * BWgap- BWGB,low) / 0.18MHz - 3 * NRB_alloc)

[0335] - NRB_alloc ,RBStart_CA ,BWgapand BWGB,loware as defined for the Inner region.

[0336] In contiguous CA, a non-contiguous allocation may be an Outer 2 allocation if it is neither a non-contiguous Inner allocation nor an Outer 1 allocation.

[0337] The RB allocation described above may be applied to the MPR values in section 1-(2).

[0338] The UE (=power class 3 UE) may transmit S-SSB via RB allocation on contiguous carrier in band(s) for CA, based on the configured maximum output power.

[0339] FIG. 13 show an example of the S-SSB MPR simulation results for the SL contiguous CA scenarios.

[0340] FIG. 14 show an example of the S-SSB MPR simulation results for the SL contiguous CA scenarios.

[0341] (2) MPR values

[0342] MPR for S-SSB transmission on contiguous carriers in intra-band for PC3 may be proposed as belows.

[0343] MPR for S-SSB transmission via contiguous carriers in intra-band for PC3 may be proposed as belows.

[0344] The maximum value of simulation results for SL Contiguous CA considering Inner, Outer1, and Outer 2 RB allocation ranges may be as follows:

[0345] - when RB allocation is Inner RB allocation, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 1.70 (dB)

[0346] - when RB allocation is Outer1 RB allocation, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 6.20 (dB)

[0347] - when RB allocation is Outer2 RB allocation, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 10.21 (dB)

[0348] When considering implementation margin, the maximum value of simulation results for SL Contiguous CA (SSB MPR for SL Contiguous CA= MPR for S-SSB transmission on contiguous carriers in intra-band for PC3) may be proposed as follows:

[0349] - when RB allocation is Inner RB allocation, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 3.5 (dB)

[0350] - when RB allocation is Outer1 RB allocation, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 9.0 (dB)

[0351] - when RB allocation is Outer2 RB allocation, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 13.0 (dB)

[0352] Or, when considering implementation margin, the maximum value of simulation results for SL Contiguous CA (SSB MPR for SL Contiguous CA) may be proposed as follows:

[0353] - when RB allocation is Inner RB allocation and modulation is QPSK and CP-OFDM, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 3.0 (dB)

[0354] - when RB allocation is Outer1 RB allocation and modulation is QPSK and CP-OFDM, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 8.5 (dB)

[0355] - when RB allocation is Outer2 RB allocation and modulation is QPSK and CP-OFDM, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 12.5 (dB)

[0356] Or, when considering implementation margin, the maximum value of simulation results for SL Contiguous CA (SSB MPR for SL Contiguous CA) may be proposed as follows:

[0357] - when RB allocation is Inner RB allocation and modulation is QPSK and CP-OFDM, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 3.0 (dB)

[0358] - when RB allocation is Outer1 RB allocation and modulation is QPSK and CP-OFDM, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 8.0 (dB)

[0359] - when RB allocation is Outer2 RB allocation and modulation is QPSK and CP-OFDM, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 13.0 (dB)

[0360] Or, when considering implementation margin, the maximum value of simulation results for SL Contiguous CA (SSB MPR for SL Contiguous CA) may be proposed as follows:

[0361] - when RB allocation is Inner RB allocation and modulation is QPSK and CP-OFDM, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 4.0 (dB)

[0362] - when RB allocation is Outer1 RB allocation and modulation is QPSK and CP-OFDM, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 9.0 (dB)

[0363] - when RB allocation is Outer2 RB allocation and modulation is QPSK and CP-OFDM, MPR for bandwidth class B may be 13.0 (dB)

[0364] Additional implementation margins A may be applied to The MPR value proposed above.

[0365] The A may be -3.0, -2.9, ..., 0, 0.1, 0.2, ... 2.9, 3.0.

[0366] The A may be -3.0, -2.9, -2.8, -2.7, -2.6, -2.5, -2.4, -2.3, -2.2, -2.1, -2.0, -1.9, -1.8, -1.7, -1.6, -1.5, -1.4, -1.3, -1.2, -1.1, -1.0, -0.9, -0.8, -0.7, -0.6, -0.5, -0.4, -0.3, -0.2, -0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0.

[0367] The MPR values proposed above may correspond to the case 'A=0'.

[0368] The SL CA power class 3 MPR may be applied to operating band, n47 as one example. Other bands may be not precluded for this MPR when SL contiguous CA is configured with power class 3.

[0369] 2. Configured Transmitted Power

[0370] Power class 3 SL CA terminals shall set the configured maximum transmitted power when transmitting signals, taking into account the power specified by the network (e.g., PEMAX), MPR, and A-MPR (additional MPR) that meets the power regulation for unlicensed bands by country.

[0371] SL CA UE PCMAX(Configured transmitted maximum power) will be described in FR1 NR band (e.g., n47).

[0372] The total configured maximum output power PCMAXmay be set within the following bounds:

[0373] - PCMAX_L≤ PCMAX≤ PCMAX_H

[0374] - PCMAX_L= MIN{10 log10Σ pEMAX,c, PEMAX, CA, PPowerClass,SL-CA- MAX(MPR, A-MPR) + ΔTIB,c, P-MPR), PRegulatory}

[0375] - PCMAX_H= MIN{10 log10ΣpEMAX,c, PEMAX, CA, PPowerClass,SL-CA, PRegulatory}

[0376] The PCMAX,cmay be calculated under the assumption that the transmit power is increased by the same amount in dB on all component carriers.

[0377] -pEMAX,cmay be the linear value of PEMAX,cwhich is given by IE sl-maxTransPower ;

[0378] - PPowerClass,SL-CAmay be the maximum UE power (23dBm) without taking into account the tolerance;

[0379] - MPR and A-MPR;

[0380] -ΔTIB,c= 0;

[0381] - P-MPR may be the power management term for the UE;

[0382] - PRegulatory= 10 - Gpost connectordBm, when SL UE is within the protected zone of CEN DSRC tolling system and operating in Band n47; PRegulatory= 33 - Gpost connectordBm otherwise.

[0383] - PEMAX, CAmay be the value indicated by sl-NR-FR1 or by sl-UE-FR1 whichever is the smallest if both are present

[0384] NOTE: The supported post antenna connector gain Gpost connectordeclared by the UE following the principle described in annex I in TS36.101 v18.2.0.

[0385] The MPR may be as one example in section 1-(2) when SL contiguous CA is configured with simultaneous S-SSB transmission.

[0386] If a single CC is activated, MPR requirement of a single carrier may apply, for example, the S-SSB MPR requirement of PC3 NR V2X UE in TS 38.101-1 v18.2.0.

[0387] The UE may determine the maximum output power, based on the MPR value. The MPR value may be one among proposed MPR values. For example, The MPR value may be MPR value of one among MPR values proposed in section 1-(2). The MPR value may be the proposed MPR value in the present specification.

[0388] The MPR value may vary depending on RB allocation.

[0389] The UE (=power class 3 UE) may transmit S-SSB on band(s) for CA, based on the configured maximum output power.

[0390] The UE (=power class 3 UE) may transmit S-SSB via RB allocation on contiguous carrier in band(s) for CA, based on the configured maximum output power.

[0391] The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0392] FIG. 15 is a flow chart showing an example of a procedure of a UE according to the present disclosure.

[0393] 1. The UE may determine a maximum output power, based on an MPR (Maximum Power Reduction).

[0394] 1. The UE may transmit a S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block) via RB (Resource block) allocation on contiguous carrier in a band for CA, based on the maximum output power.

[0395] Power class of the UE may be power class 3.

[0396] The RB allocation may belong to one among Inner, Outer1 and Outer2.

[0397] The value of the MPR may be based on the RB allocation.

[0398] The value of the MPR may be 3.5 dB, based on the RB allocation belonging to the Inner.

[0399] The value of the MPR may be 9.0 dB, based on the RB allocation belonging to the Outer1.

[0400] The value of the MPR may be 13.0 dB, based on the RB allocation belonging to the Outer2.

[0401] The band may be in FR1 (Frequency Range 1).

[0402] The band may be a NR band n47.

[0403] Hereinafter, an apparatus in mobile communication, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.

[0404] For example, an apparatus may include a processor, a transceiver, and a memory.

[0405] For example, the processor may be configured to be coupled operably with the memory and the processor.

[0406] The processor may be configured to: determining a maximum output power, based on an MPR; transmitting a S-SSB via RB allocation on contiguous carrier in a band for CA, based on the maximum output power, wherein power class of the UE is power class 3, wherein the RB allocation belongs to one among Inner, Outer1 and Outer2, wherein the value of the MPR is based on the RB allocation.

[0407] Hereinafter, a processor in mobile communication, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.

[0408] The processor may be configured to: determining a maximum output power, based on an MPR; transmitting a S-SSB via RB allocation on contiguous carrier in a band for CA, based on the maximum output power, wherein power class of the UE is power class 3, wherein the RB allocation belongs to one among Inner, Outer1 and Outer2, wherein the value of the MPR is based on the RB allocation.

[0409] Hereinafter, a non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored thereon a plurality of instructions in a wireless communication system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.

[0410] According to some embodiment of the present disclosure, the technical features of the present disclosure could be embodied directly in hardware, in a software executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. For example, a method performed by a wireless device in a wireless communication may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, a software may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other storage medium.

[0411] Some example of storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. For other example, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components.

[0412] The computer-readable medium may include a tangible and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

[0413] For example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or any other medium that can be used to store instructions or data structures. Non-transitory computer-readable media may also include combinations of the above.

[0414] In addition, the method described herein may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0415] According to some embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored thereon a plurality of instructions. The stored a plurality of instructions may be executed by a processor of a UE.

[0416] The stored a plurality of instructions may cause the UE to: determining a maximum output power, based on an MPR; transmitting a S-SSB via RB allocation on contiguous carrier in a band for CA, based on the maximum output power, wherein power class of the UE is power class 3, wherein the RB allocation belongs to one among Inner, Outer1 and Outer2, wherein the value of the MPR is based on the RB allocation.

[0417] The present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.

[0418] For example, communications can be performed using the devices disclosed herein by applying the proposed MPR.

[0419] Effects obtained through specific examples of the present specification are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from this specification. Accordingly, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that may be understood or derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0420] Claims in the present disclosure can be combined in a various way. For instance, technical features in method claims of the present disclosure can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, and technical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1.A UE (User Equipment) configured to operate in a wireless system, the UE comprising:a transceiver,a processor operably connectable to the transceiver,wherein the processer is configured to:determining a maximum output power, based on an MPR (Maximum Power Reduction);transmitting a S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block) via RB (Resource block) allocation on contiguous carrier in a band for CA, based on the maximum output power,wherein power class of the UE is power class 3,wherein the RB allocation belongs to one among Inner, Outer1 and Outer2,wherein the value of the MPR is based on the RB allocation.2.The UE of claim 1,wherein the value of the MPR is 3.5 dB, based on the RB allocation belonging to the Inner.3.The UE of claim 1,wherein the value of the MPR is 9.0 dB, based on the RB allocation belonging to the Outer1.4.The UE of claim 1,wherein the value of the MPR is 13.0 dB, based on the RB allocation belonging to the Outer2.5.The UE of claim 1,wherein the band is in FR1 (Frequency Range 1).6.The UE of claim 1,wherein the band is a NR band n47.7.A method performed by a UE (User Equipment) comprising:determining a maximum output power, based on an MPR (Maximum Power Reduction);transmitting a S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block) via RB (Resource block) allocation on contiguous carrier in a band for CA, based on the maximum output power,wherein power class of the UE is power class 3,wherein the RB allocation belongs to one among Inner, Outer1 and Outer2,wherein the value of the MPR is based on the RB allocation.8.The method of claim 7,wherein the value of the MPR is 3.5 dB, based on the RB allocation belonging to the Inner.9.The method of claim 7,wherein the value of the MPR is 9.0 dB, based on the RB allocation belonging to the Outer1.10.The method of claim 7,wherein the value of the MPR is 13.0 dB, based on the RB allocation belonging to the Outer2.11.The method of claim 7,wherein the band is in FR1 (Frequency Range 1).12.The method of claim 7,wherein the band is a NR band n47.13.At least one computer readable medium (CRM) storing instructions that, based on being executed by at least one processor, perform operations comprising:determining a maximum output power, based on an MPR (Maximum Power Reduction);transmitting a S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block) via RB (Resource block) allocation on contiguous carrier in a band for CA, based on the maximum output power,wherein power class of A UE (User Equipment) including the CRM is power class 3,wherein the RB allocation belongs to one among Inner, Outer1 and Outer2,wherein the value of the MPR is based on the RB allocation.14.An apparatus in mobile communication, the apparatus comprising:a processor; anda memory coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determining a maximum output power, based on an MPR (Maximum Power Reduction);transmitting a S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block) via RB (Resource block) allocation on contiguous carrier in a band for CA, based on the maximum output power,wherein power class of the apparatus is power class 3,wherein the RB allocation belongs to one among Inner, Outer1 and Outer2,wherein the value of the MPR is based on the RB allocation.

Images