Paint and coating formulations including 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and uses thereof

Abstract

The present technology relates generally to compositions comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In particular, the present technology relates to compositions for paints and coatings that comprise 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

Description

[0001] Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 PAINT AND COATING FORMULATIONS INCLUDING 3-AMINO-3- METHYL-2-BUTANOL AND USES THEREOF CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [1] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 63 / 540,850, filed September 27, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for any and all purposes. TECHNICAL FIELD [2] The present technology relates generally to compositions (also referred to herein as “formulations”) that include 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, including formulations of coatings, paints, and the like. BACKGROUND [3] Many commonly used products, including paints and coatings, are made of compositions using chemicals typically derived from non-renewable raw materials such as petroleum. For example, in addition to the petroleum distillates that are in oil-based paints and petroleum-derived polymers in acrylic paints, the binding resin in paints is also typically derived from petroleum sources. [4] Using non-renewable, petroleum-based raw materials contributes to overreliance on fossil fuels. This reliance on non-renewable petroleum-based raw materials contributes to environmental degradation such as air pollution, water pollution, and global warming. Moreover, these fossil fuels are often supplied from politically unstable parts of the world, often raising humanitarian concerns. [5] Thus, as explained above and in more detail below, there remains a need for compositions for commonly used products such as paints and coatings made with natural, renewable starting materials that offer equivalent or better performance to current products. -1- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 SUMMARY [6] The present disclosure is directed to compositions and formulations comprising 3- amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (also known as 3-amino-3-methylbutan-2-ol; CAS No.: 13325-14- 9), including compositions as well as formulations for paints and coatings. 3-Amino-3- methyl-2-butanol has several advantages, including its improved sustainability profile, demonstrated by its ability to be manufactured as a renewable, biobased compound (i.e., without relying on non-renewable petroleum-based raw materials) alongside its low toxicity (providing a safer alternative with reduced environmental and health impacts) while concurrently providing comparable or superior performance as compared to petroleum based alternatives and superior performance as compared to current renewable alternatives (e.g., NH3). Thus, the presently disclosed technology overcomes common adoption barriers associated with renewable chemicals, such as poor performance and high cost, instead providing a high-performance, cost-effective solution with the potential for incorporating bio- based carbon. [7] In one aspect, the present technology provides a composition including about 30 wt% to about 99.99 wt% 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and about 0.01 wt% to about 70 wt% water and optionally an amino alcohol other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (an “other amino alcohol”). [8] In another aspect, the present technology is directed to compositions for paints and coatings comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. For example, the composition may be a dispersion or emulsion, such as an aqueous dispersion or emulsion. In some embodiments, the composition may include a dispersion of a pigment and / or an additive, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may include an aqueous dispersion of a pigment and / or an additive, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may include a dispersion of a binder and an additive, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2- butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may include an aqueous dispersion of a polymeric binder resin and an additive, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2- butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may include about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt% of the additive. -2- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [9] FIG.1 provides the dispersant demand curves of TiO2(KRONOS 2190, from Kronos) with 0.05 wt% of the corresponding additives (ammonia, NaOH, N,N- dimethylglucamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (“AMP”)), and 3-amino-3-methyl-2- butanol (“AMB”; of the present technology)) and in the presence of a polymeric dispersant (OROTANTM731A ER, from Dow). As shown in FIG.1, AMB requires the least amount of polymeric dispersing agent, namely OROTAN™ 731A ER, (0.23 wt%) to achieve the minimum Krebs viscosity (compared to 0.47 wt% ammonia, 0.70 wt% NaOH, 0.70 wt% N,N-dimethylglucamine, and 0.27% AMP). An optimum (or minimum) concentration of polymeric dispersing agents reduces the hydrophilicity of the dry film leading to an improvement of several parameters such as: water resistance, chemical resistance, stain resistance, washability of the surface, lower microfoaming effect, and / or syneresis formation during storage.

[0010] FIG.2 graphically illustrates the results of adsorption experiments, per the working examples, directly comparing AMB and AMP, of which AMP is known as the benchmark for pigment wetting additive. As illustrated, the results with three organic pigments (PY83 Novoperm® Yellow HR70, PR122 Hostaperm® Pink E, PV 23 Hostaperm® Violet RL from Clariant) and one Carbon black (Mogul L from Cabot) highlight the higher adsorption of AMB compared to AMP; adsorption with TiO2 (Kronos® 3741) was similar for both additives. Without being bound by theory, a higher adsorption level corresponds to a higher natural affinity of the additive toward the pigment surface. In addition, the adsorption level is proportional to the stabilization of the pigment as it can modify the isoelectric point and the Zeta potential of the particles. These properties are linked to pigment wetting efficiency and prevention of particle agglomeration during storage, which is detrimental for the stability and expected performances (dry opacity, color strength, anticorrosion, etc.) of slurries, paints, and coatings.

[0011] FIG.3 is a graph showing the box plots of the average particle size in water based slurries with four anti-corrosive pigments (“ACPs”): zinc phosphate, zinc molybdenum orthophosphate, calcium magnesium orthophosphate, and calcium modified silica gel, per the working examples. As illustrated, it was found that AMB provides the lowest particle size -3- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 across all four ACPs, corresponding to a better deagglomeration and dispersion of ACP pigments.

[0012] FIG.4 provides photographs of the results of anticorrosion testing (after 168 hours of salt spray testing according to ASTM B117-2019), which shows that both AMP and AMB provided outstanding anti-corrosion protection as compared to ammonia and, further, that similar corrosion protection may be achieved with using half of the pigment concentration along with 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (as shown by comparing the results for a concentration of zinc phosphate of 8 wt% to the results for a concentration of zinc phosphate of 4 wt%).

[0013] FIG.5 provides the results of dry opacity testing, showing both initial and dry opacity after 3 months of aging, per the working examples, which shows that both initial and final dry opacity is significantly higher when AMB is used as a wetting agent (or additive instead of a wetting agent).

[0014] FIG.6 graphically illustrates the results of gloss testing per the working examples, particularly illustrating the initial gloss measured at 60° and the resulting gloss after 3 months of aging measured at 60°. Both AMP and AMB provide a much more stable result (as the statistical analysis via box plot representation of the 16 formulations are narrowest) as compared to NaOH, where AMB provides a higher gloss level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following terms are used throughout as defined below.

[0016] As used herein and in the appended claims, singular articles such as “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the elements (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated -4- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the embodiments and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the claims unless otherwise stated. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential.

[0017] As used herein, “about” will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art and will vary to some extent depending upon the context in which it is used. If there are uses of the term which are not clear to persons of ordinary skill in the art, given the context in which it is used, “about” will mean up to plus or minus 10% of the particular term – for example, “about 10 wt%” would be understood to mean “9 wt% to 11 wt%.” It is to be understood that when “about” precedes a term, the term is to be construed as disclosing “about” the term as well as the term without modification by “about” – for example, “about 10 wt%” discloses “9 wt% to 11 wt%” as well as disclosing “10 wt%.”

[0018] The phrase “and / or” as used in the present disclosure will be understood to mean any one of the recited members individually or a combination of any two or more thereof – for example, “A, B, and / or C” would mean “A or B or C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or the combination of A, B, and C.”

[0019] The term "alkyl" refers to a group, whether alone or as part of another group (e.g., in dialkylamino), encompasses straight and branched chain aliphatic groups (i.e., saturated hydrocarbyl chains), and, unless otherwise indicated, has 1-10, alternatively 1-8, or alternatively 1-6 alkyl carbon atoms. Representative alkyl groups include, without limitation, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, and hexyl. Unless otherwise indicated, the alkyl group is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3, e.g., 1 or 2, or even just 1, substituent(s) that are compatible with the compounds, monomers, and polymers described herein. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is unsubstituted.

[0020] The term "alkoxy" refers to a group in which an oxygen attached to a saturated straight or branched chain alkyl group. Unless otherwise indicated, the alkoxy group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, iso- butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy, neopentyloxy, iso-pentyloxy, n-hexyloxy or iso- -5- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 hexyloxy), and in any embodiments, 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In any embodiments, the alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy and tert-butoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxy group is unsubstituted.

[0021] Groups described herein having two or more points of attachment (i.e., divalent, trivalent, or polyvalent) within the compound of the present technology are designated by use of the suffix, “ene.” For example, divalent alkyl groups are alkylene groups, divalent cycloalkyl groups are cycloalkylene groups, and so forth. Substituted groups having a single point of attachment to the compound of the present technology are not referred to using the “ene” designation. Thus, e.g., chloroethyl is not referred to herein as chloroethylene.

[0022] In general, “substituted” refers to an alkyl group, as defined above in which one or more bonds to a hydrogen atom contained therein are replaced by a bond to non-hydrogen or non-carbon atoms. Substituted groups also include groups in which one or more bonds to a carbon(s) or hydrogen(s) atom are replaced by one or more bonds, including double or triple bonds, to a heteroatom. In some embodiments, a substituted group is substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents. Examples of substituent groups include, but are not limited to, hydroxyl, amino, thiol, nitro, halo, ester, amido, carbonyl, or carboxylic acid. Unless otherwise indicated, the foregoing substituent groups are not themselves further substituted.

[0023] Unless stated otherwise, all the molecular weight (i.e., molar mass) data, number- average molecular weight data Mn or weight-average molecular weight data Mw stated in the present description are molar masses, which can be determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

[0024] As used herein, “binder” refers to the film forming component of a coating. To form the films, a polymeric binder (i.e., polymer) may be coalesced. Coalescence refers to the process where first the solvent (e.g., water) evaporates causing the polymeric binders to be drawn together and then fused into irreversibly bound networked structures, so that the coating cannot redissolve in the original carrier solvent. Polymeric binder resin is a type of “binder.”

[0025] As used herein, “water-reducible polymeric binder” (i.e., water-reducible binder) refers to a hydrophobic resin that has been modified to contain acidic groups such that the -6- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 binder is soluble in water with at least partial neutralization. As used herein, “water- dispersible polymeric binder” (i.e., water-dispersible binder) refers to resins with acidic groups that could be dispersed in a continuous aqueous medium with at least partial neutralization.

[0026] As used herein, “substantially free” refers to less than about 2 wt% of the specified component based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition may include less than about 1 wt%, less than about 0.5 wt%, or less than about 0.1 wt% of the specified component. In some embodiments, the composition may free of detectable amounts of the component. Compositions Comprising 3-Amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (“AMB”)

[0027] In an aspect, the present technology provides a composition including about 30 wt% to about 99.99 wt% 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, about 0.01 wt% to about 70 wt% water, and optionally an amino alcohol other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (an “other amino alcohol”). In any embodiments, the compositions may include 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol in an amount of about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 65 wt%, about 70 wt%, about 75 wt%, about 80 wt%, about 85 wt%, about 90 wt%, about 95 wt%, about 96 wt%, about 97 wt%, about 98 wt%, about 99 wt%, about 99.5 wt%, about 99.9 wt%, about 99.95 wt%, about 99.99 wt%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. For example, the composition may include 85 wt% to 95 wt% 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In any embodiments, the compositions may include at least about 90 wt% 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

[0028] In any embodiments the compositions may include 0.01 wt% to about 70 wt% water. Such compositions may be solutions at room temperature, e.g., a homogenous solution. In any embodiments, the compositions may include about 0.01 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 9 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 11 wt%, about 12 wt%, about 13 wt%, about 14 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 16 wt%, about 17 wt%, about 18 wt%, about 19 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 21 wt%, about 22 wt%, about 23 wt%, about 24 wt%, about 25 wt% water, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about -7- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 65 wt%, about 70 wt%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. Thus in any embodiment herein, the compositions may include 5 wt% to 15 wt% water or about 10 wt% water. The water may be tap water, deionized water, distilled water, reverse osmosis (R.O.) water, or any combination thereof, including, e.g., double distilled water. In any embodiment herein, the purity and water content may be adjusted depending on the desired physical properties and end-use application.

[0029] In any embodiment herein, water and / or an other amino alcohol may be included in the compositions including 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, e.g., to improve handling and / or modify performance characteristics. For example, addition of water to the compositions including 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol may increase the flash point, reduce the freezing point, and / or reduce the viscosity of the composition. Exemplary other amino alcohols that may be included in compositions of any embodiment herein include, but are not limited to, 2- aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino- 1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbutan-2-ol, or a combination of any two or more thereof. The composition of any embodiment herein may include an other amino alcohol (e.g., 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3- (ethylamino)-3-methylbutan-2-ol, or a combination of any two or more thereof) in amount of at least about 0.01 wt%, at least about 0.02 wt%, at least about 0.03 wt%, at least about 0.04 wt%, at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.06 wt%, at least about 0.07 wt%, at least about 0.08 wt%, at least about 0.09 wt%, at least about 0.1 wt%, at least about 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.5 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 1 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 2 wt%, at least about 2.5 wt%, at least about 3 wt%, at least about 3.5 wt%, at least about 4 wt%, at least about 4.5 wt%, at least about 5 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. The composition of any embodiment herein may include an other amino alcohol (e.g., 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2- methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3- methylbutan-2-ol, or a combination of any two or more thereof) in amount of not more than -8- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 about 0.01 wt%, not more than about 0.02 wt%, not more than about 0.03 wt%, not more than about 0.04 wt%, not more than about 0.05 wt%, not more than about 0.06 wt%, not more than about 0.07 wt%, not more than about 0.08 wt%, not more than about 0.09 wt%, not more than about 0.1 wt%, not more than about 0.25 wt%, not more than about 0.5 wt%, not more than about 0.75 wt%, not more than about 1 wt%, not more than about 1.5 wt%, not more than about 2 wt%, not more than about 2.5 wt%, not more than about 3 wt%, not more than about 3.5 wt%, not more than about 4 wt%, not more than about 4.5 wt%, not more than about 5 wt%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values.

[0030] In any embodiment herein, the composition may include less than about 2 wt% secondary amine (e.g., 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbutan-2-ol, 2-(butylamino)ethanol, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine (also referred to as 1-(2-hydroxypropylamino)propan-2- ol), and / or dicycohexylamine). Thus, in any embodiment herein, the composition may include an amount of secondary amine that is less than about 2 wt%, less than about 1.5 wt%, less than about 1 wt%, less than about 0.5 wt% secondary amine, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. For example, in any embodiment herein, the composition may include less than about 0.5 wt% secondary amine.

[0031] In any embodiment herein, the composition may exhibit a biobased content of the 3- amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24 of 0% to 100%. For example, such ranges of biobased content of the 3- amino-3-methyl-2-butanol in compositions of the present technology may be provided by using purely petroleum-based 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (i.e., with 0% biobased content), using 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol produced in part with biobased starting materials, using combinations of purely petroleum-based 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and 3-amino-3-methyl- 2-butanol produced in part or in whole with biobased starting materials, or¾for a biobased content of the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol of 100%¾using 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol produced in whole with biobased starting materials. Thus, in any embodiment herein, the composition may exhibit a biobased content of the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24) of 0%, at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about -9- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, about 100%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. For example, the composition of any embodiment herein may exhibit a biobased content of the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24 of at least about 10%, or may exhibit a biobased content of the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24 of at least about 25%. Accordingly, a composition of any aspect and / or embodiment herein may include a renewable, biobased compound (i.e., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol) that exhibits low toxicity while concurrently providing comparable or superior performance as compared to petroleum based alternatives and superior performance as compared to current renewable alternatives (e.g., NH3).

[0032] In another aspect, the present technology provides methods of making any of the disclosed compositions. The methods include combining 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol with a purity of at least 95 wt% with sufficient water to provide the stated composition, e.g., as a solution. In any embodiments, the methods may further include mixing the combined 3- amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and water until a homogenous solution is obtained.

[0033] Racemic 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol may be separated into (R)-3-amino-3-methyl-2- butanol and (S)-3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol by methods known in the art, including chiral chromatography or diastereomeric salt recrystallization. Diastereomeric salt recrystallization involves neutralizing a chiral amino alcohol using an optically active acid. The resulting diastereomers are separated by crystallization and neutralized to recover the optically enriched amino alcohol. The crystallization process may be repeated to achieve optical purity of 99% or higher. Compositions Comprising 3-Amino-3-methyl-2-butanol for Paints and Coatings

[0034] In one aspect, the present technology provides compositions (e.g., paints, coatings, etc.) comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. The composition may be a coating (e.g., paint), such as an aqueous based coating. The composition may include a dispersion of a pigment and / or an additive, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may include an aqueous dispersion of a pigment and / or -10- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 an additive, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. The composition may include a dispersion of a binder and an additive, wherein the additive comprises 3- amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may include an aqueous dispersion of a polymeric binder resin and an additive, wherein the additive comprises 3- amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

[0035] Compositions of the present technology may include a wide range of amounts of the additive described herein (i.e., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol). For example, the compositions may include about 0.005 wt% to about 15 wt% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol based on the total weight of the composition, e.g., about 0.05 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 2 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.05 wt% to about 0.3 wt%. Thus, the compositions may include 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol in an amount of about 0.005 wt%, about 0.01 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.15 wt%, about 0.2 wt%, about 0.3 wt%, about 0.4 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 0.75 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 1.5 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 9 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 11 wt%, about 12 wt%, about 13 wt%, about 14 wt%, about 15 wt%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. In some embodiments, the compositions may include from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the additive based on the total weight of the composition.

[0036] Compositions of the present technology may or may not include water. The water may be used as a solvent and / or as a thinner when preparing and / or applying the coating composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may include at least about 20 wt% water, at least about 25 wt% water, at least about 30 wt% water, at least about 35 wt% water, at least about 40 wt% water, at least about 45 wt% water, at least about 50 wt% water, at least about 55 wt% water, at least about 60 wt% water, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. In some embodiments, the compositions may include about 20 wt% to about 99 wt% water, about 35 wt% to about 97 wt%, about 45 wt% to about 95 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 95 wt%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. In some embodiments, the compositions may include about 20 wt% to about 80 wt% water.

[0037] In any embodiment herein, the composition may further include an amino alcohol other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (an “other amino alcohol”), where exemplary other -11- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 amino alcohols that may be included in a composition according to any embodiment herein include, but are not limited to, 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2- amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3- (ethylamino)-3-methylbutan-2-ol, or a combination of any two or more thereof. The composition of any embodiment herein may include an other amino alcohol (e.g., 2- aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino- 1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbutan-2-ol, or a combination of any two or more thereof) in amount of at least about 0.01 wt%, at least about 0.02 wt%, at least about 0.03 wt%, at least about 0.04 wt%, at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.06 wt%, at least about 0.07 wt%, at least about 0.08 wt%, at least about 0.09 wt%, at least about 0.1 wt%, at least about 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.5 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 1 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 2 wt%, at least about 2.5 wt%, at least about 3 wt%, at least about 3.5 wt%, at least about 4 wt%, at least about 4.5 wt%, at least about 5 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. The composition of any embodiment herein may include an other amino alcohol (e.g., 2- aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino- 1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbutan-2-ol, or a combination of any two or more thereof) in amount of not more than about 0.01 wt%, not more than about 0.02 wt%, not more than about 0.03 wt%, not more than about 0.04 wt%, not more than about 0.05 wt%, not more than about 0.06 wt%, not more than about 0.07 wt%, not more than about 0.08 wt%, not more than about 0.09 wt%, not more than about 0.1 wt%, not more than about 0.25 wt%, not more than about 0.5 wt%, not more than about 0.75 wt%, not more than about 1 wt%, not more than about 1.5 wt%, not more than about 2 wt%, not more than about 2.5 wt%, not more than about 3 wt%, not more than about 3.5 wt%, not more than about 4 wt%, not more than about 4.5 wt%, not more than about 5 wt%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values.

[0038] As discussed previously herein, in any embodiment herein the composition may exhibit a biobased content of the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24 of 0% to 100%¾thus, in any -12- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 embodiment herein, the composition may exhibit a biobased content of the 3-amino-3- methyl-2-butanol (as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24) of 0%, at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, about 100%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. For example, the composition of any embodiment herein may exhibit a biobased content of the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24 of at least about 10%, or may exhibit a biobased content of the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24 of at least about 25%. Binders

[0039] In some embodiments, a composition as described herein (e.g., a paint or a coating) comprises a binder (e.g., a polymeric binder resin and / or an inorganic binder). At times, the polymeric binder resin may be a water-reducible polymeric binder, a water-dispersible polymer, or an emulsion polymer. Binders include polymers (e.g., polymeric binder resins) such as a polyacrylate, polyvinyl versatate, polyethylene-vinyl acetate, polyester (e.g., polyester polyols and polyester polymers with one or more olefins), or a combination of two or more thereof as well as inorganic binders such as lithium silicate and / or potassium silicate and / or a combination of silicon dioxide with lithium silicate and / or potassium silicate. The polyacrylate may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. Monomers that may be used for such polymers include but are not limited to acrylic acid and methacrylic acid (i.e., (meth)acrylic acid), butyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, and diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate. Additionally, monomers such as vinyl silane, vinyl acetate and styrene may be used in such polymers. Exemplary copolymers of polyacrylate include polyvinyl acrylate, polyvinyl versatate- acrylate, polystyrenyl acrylate, or a combination of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, the binder may be a latex binder. In some embodiments, the binder may be an alkyd binder. In some embodiments, the composition may be an invert emulsion where the composition comprises an alkyd binder. The binders provided herein may be used -13- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 individually in the compositions, may be used in combination as a simple blend, or may be used as a hybrid type copolymer.

[0040] Examples of commercially available polymeric binder resins that may be used include EVOQUE™ 1133, EVOQUE™ 1180, EVOQUE™ 3150, RHOPLEX™ 585, RHOPLEX™ 800h, RHOPLEX™ AC-264, RHOPLEX™ 464, RHOPLEX™ 261LF, RHOPLEX™ AC- 337N, RHOPLEX™ AC-347, RHOPLEX™ AC-2235M, RHOPLEX™ 2438C, RHOPLEX™ 2500, RHOPLEX™ 2508, RHOPLEX™ EC-3814, RHOPLEX™ EZ CLEAN™ 1500, RHOPLEX™ HG-95P, RHOPLEX™ HG-98B, RHOPLEX™ HG-706, RHOPLEX™ ML-200, RHOPLEX™ ML-400, RHOPLEX™ MV-23LO, RHOPLEX™ PR- 33, RHOPLEX™ PR-409, RHOPLEX™ SG-10AF, RHOPLEX™ SG-10M, RHOPLEX™ SG-20, RHOPLEX™ SG-30, RHOPLEX™ VSR-50, RHOPLEX™ VSR-1049LOE, RHOPLEX™ VSR-1050, RHOPLEX™ VSR-1050LOE, RHOPLEX™ VSR-2015, ROVACE™ 10, ROVACE™ 9100AF, ROVACE™ 9900, JSPJ-100, JSPJ-200, JSPJ-300, and JSPJ-400.

[0041] The amount of the binder in the formulations of the present technology can be those conventionally used in paint and coating formulations, which can vary widely due to the desired gloss / sheen range, and also the solids concentration, of a specific paint formulation. For example, the compositions of the present technology may include from about 10 wt% to about 80 wt% binder (e.g., polymeric binder resin and / or inorganic binder) based on the total weight of the composition, including from about 15 wt% to about 65 wt%, or from about 40 wt% to about 60 wt%. Thus, in any embodiment herein, the composition may include about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 65 wt%, about 70 wt%, about 75 wt%, or about 80 wt%, of the binder, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 20 wt% to about 60 wt% binder based on the total weight of the composition.

[0042] In some embodiments, the polymeric binder resins used herein include acid functional groups such as carboxyl, sulfonyl, phosphonyl, and / or phosphoric acid groups. In some embodiments, the acid functional groups are carboxyl groups. In some embodiments, the polymeric binders may have acid values of about 2 to about 200 mg KOH / g. In some -14- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 embodiments, the polymeric binders may have acid values of about 5 to about 150 mg KOH / g or about 10 to about 100 mg KOH / g. The additive (i.e., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol) may neutralize at least about 20% of the acid functional groups on the polymeric binder resin (e.g., at least about 30%, at least about 40%, or at least about 50%). In some embodiments, the additive neutralizes about 20% to about 100% of the acid functional groups on the polymeric binder (e.g., about 30% to about 90% or about 40% to about 80%). In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the additive to the acid functional groups on the polymeric binder may be about 1:5 to about 5:1 (e.g., about 1:4 to about 2:1, about 1:3 to about 2:1, or about 1:2 to about 1:1).

[0043] The binders of the present technology may be prepared by way of a wide range of processes. For example, the binders may be prepared in organic phase or in melt and then converted into water, the polymeric binder resin could also be prepared by emulsion polymerizations, or any other method known to those of skill in the art. Pigments

[0044] In some embodiments, a composition as described herein (e.g., a paint or a coating) comprises a pigment. Pigments may be included to provide hiding power and the desired color to the final coated material and / or may be used to provide bulk to the paint or coating, and / or to provide anticorrosive properties (e.g., zinc phosphate). All color and / or special effect-giving pigments of organic or inorganic type used in paints and coatings are suitable for use. In some embodiments, a composition as described herein comprises a pigment selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO2), calcium carbonate, silica (SiO2), kaolin, and barium sulfate. In some embodiments, a composition as described herein comprises titanium dioxide and a colorant.

[0045] “Colorants,” as used herein, include dyes, pigments, and pre-dispersions, among others. Colorants are pigments that provide color. Colorants include red, white, blue, black, and yellow. As used herein, “pigment” refers to finely ground, insoluble material suspended in a medium, which changes the color of reflected or transmitted light through wavelength- selective absorption. Pigments typically possess high tinting strength properties and are stable in solid form at ambient temperatures. Pigments can be natural or synthetic products. -15- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 While multiple pigments may be present in end-use paints or coatings, it is also possible to use only white pigment, such as titanium oxide, perhaps in combination with extender pigments. Any other desired pigments of various colors (including more white pigment) can optionally be included in the compositions. Examples include colors such as yellow, magenta, and cyan. As a black coloring agent, carbon black, and a coloring agent toned to black using the yellow / magenta / cyan coloring agents. Colorants may be used singly, in a mixture, or as a solid solution. In various embodiments, pigments may be provided in the form of raw pigments, treated pigments, pre-milled pigments, pigment powders, pigment presscakes, pigment masterbatches, recycled pigment, and solid or liquid pigment pre- dispersions. As used herein, a raw pigment is a pigment particle that has had no wet treatments applied to its surface, such as to deposit various coatings on the surface. Raw pigment and treated pigment are further discussed in PCT Publication No. WO 2005 / 095277 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No.20060078485, the relevant portions of which are incorporated herein by reference. In contrast, a treated pigment may have undergone wet treatment, such as to provide metal oxide coatings on the particle surfaces. Examples of metal oxide coatings include alumina, silica, and zirconia. Recycled pigment may also be used as the starting pigment particles, where recycled pigment is pigment after wet treatment of insufficient quality to be sold as coated pigment. Exemplary colorant particles include, but are not limited to, pigments such as yellow coloring agent, compounds typified by a condensed azo compound, an isoindolynone compound, an anthraquinone compound, an azometal complex methine compound, and an allylamide compound as pigments may be used. As a magenta coloring agent, a condensed azo compound, a diketopyrrolopyrrole compound, anthraquinone, a quinacridone compound, a base dye lake compound, a naphthol compound, a benzimidazolone compound, a thioindigo compound, and a perylene compound may be used. As a cyan coloring agent, a copper phthalocyanine compound and its derivative, an anthraquinone compound, a base dye lake compound, and the like may be used.

[0046] Additional examples of pigments can include, but are not limited to, titanium dioxide, kaolin clay, calcined kaolin clay, carbon black, iron oxide black, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide red, iron oxide brown, organic red pigments, including quinacridone red and metallized and non-metallized azo reds (e.g., lithols, lithol rubine, toluidine red, naphthol red), phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, mono- or di-arylide yellow, benzimidazolone -16- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 yellow, heterocyclic yellow, quinacridone magenta, quinacridone violet, and the like, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the pigment is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, clay, silica, diatomaceous silica, calcium carbonate, talc, zinc oxide, mica, red oxide, hansa yellow, phthalo blue, and yellow ochre.

[0047] In some embodiments, the pigment may be a special effect pigment. Examples of special effect pigments are metal pigments, for example, from aluminum or copper, interference pigments, such as, for example, aluminum coated with titanium dioxide, coated mica, graphite effect pigments and iron oxide laminae. Some special effect pigment may be inhibitor and / or extender pigments. Inhibitors, such as rust inhibitors, are pigments that have little to no corrosive action. For example, metal pigments are commonly used to protect metallic surfaces from corrosion. Nonlimiting exemplary inhibitor pigments include zinc, chromate, phosphate, and borate based pigments. Extender pigments are typically added to paints and coatings to reduce the cost of formulations. They may also be used to modify the viscosity, sedimentation stability, and / or film strength. Commonly, extender pigments appear white and possess a refractive index similar to commonly used binders. Nonlimiting exemplary extender pigments include clay, silica, and mica.

[0048] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present technology may include from 0 wt% or from about 5 wt% to about 75 wt% pigment based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may include 0 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 75 wt% of pigment, or any range including and / or in- between any two of these values. In some embodiments, the compositions may include from about 10 wt% to about 75 wt%, or from about 55 wt% to about 75 wt% pigment based on the total weight of the composition. Other ingredients

[0049] The compositions described herein (e.g., the paint or coating compositions), in addition to comprising an additive (e.g., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol), a binder, and / or a pigment, and water, may also include one or more cosolvents and / or other ingredients. -17- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764

[0050] The carrier is the solvent in which composition materials are dissolved, dispersed, and / or suspended. In the compositions of the present technology, the carrier is water, although other water-based solutions such as water-alcohol mixtures and the like may be used. The aqueous carrier generally makes up the balance of the composition, after all the other ingredients have been accounted for. In some embodiments, the composition may include a cosolvent such as an organic solvent. For example, the cosolvent may be an alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol), glycol ether such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and / or propylene glycol (e.g., propylene glycol C1-C4alkyl ether, C1-C4alkoxyethanol such as butoxyethanol), a heterocycle such as a lactone or a lactam (e.g., N- methyl-2-pyrrolidone), glycerin, or a combination thereof. Cosolvents are sometimes present in the composition to aid in film formation, to resist freezing, and / or enhance brushing properties, such as by increasing open time. Open time is the time that a coating remains workable after it has been applied to a substrate. Open time allows for rebrushing or "melting in" of the newly applied coating at the lap, without causing brush marks, loss of gloss, or lap lines in the final dried coating. A lap is an area on a substrate where additional coating is applied onto a portion of a previously coated, but still wet, adjacent substrate area. In some embodiments, the compositions may include no more than about 15 wt% cosolvent (e.g., 1- 15 wt%), based on total composition. Alternatively, the compositions may include no more than about 10 wt% cosolvent or no more than about 5 wt% cosolvent (e.g., 1-10 or 1-5 wt%).

[0051] In some embodiments, a composition as described herein may comprise one or more other ingredients. For example, the composition may further include a dispersing agent. The dispersing agent may be present at an effective amount, e.g., about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt% of the composition. Thus, the amount of dispersing agent in the composition may be about 0.01 wt%, about 0.02 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.075 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.2 wt%, about 0.3 wt%, about 0.4 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 0.6 wt%, about 0.7 wt%, about 0.8 wt%, about 0.9 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 1.5 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 9 wt%, about 10 wt%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. Dispersing agents are soluble materials whose physicochemical adsorption to the surface of pigment particles stabilizes the dispersion of the pigment particles against reagglomeration. Illustrative dispersing agents -18- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 include, but are not limited to, salts of polyacrylic acids or modified polyacrylic acids, and polyphosphate salts such as sodium hexametaphosphate.

[0052] Other ingredients may be included in the compositions including, but not limited to, coalescents, leveling agents and surfactants, thickeners (e.g., cross-linked polycarboxylic acid or polyurethanes), rheology modifiers (e.g., highly disperse silicic acid or polymeric urea compounds), corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, wetting agents, dispersants, biocides, flow control agents based on (meth)acrylic homopolymers or silicon oils, or combinations of two or more thereof. Such ingredients may provide specific properties to the composition and / or the film, such as mildew resistance, defoaming, light stability, and / or good flow and leveling during application. For example, the compositions may include one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of leveling agents, surfactants, thickeners, rheology modifiers, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, co-dispersants, additional neutralizer(s), dyes, fragrances, and biocides. Such ingredients may be added in the usual amounts familiar to the person skilled in the art. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present technology may include from about 0 wt% to about 75 wt% one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of leveling agents, surfactants, thickeners, rheology modifiers, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, co-dispersants, additional neutralizer(s), and biocides, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may include 0 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 75 wt%, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these amounts of one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of leveling agents, surfactants, thickeners, rheology modifiers, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, co-dispersants, additional neutralizer(s), and biocides.

[0053] Leveling agents may be added to change the surface tension and improve wetting. Leveling agents are a subset of surfactants used to ensure that a composition flows out over and completely wets the surface being coated. Reduced contact angles between the composition and the surface lead to better flow leveling, and better surface wetting allows for better adhesion of the composition and the physically coalesced and / or chemically cured film. Surfactants are also important as grinding aids for pigment grinding operations. In some -19- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 embodiments, the compositions of the present technology may include from about 0 wt% to about 7 wt% surfactants (e.g., leveling agents) based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may include 0 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt%, of surfactants (e.g., leveling agents), or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values.

[0054] Thickeners may be used to obtain the desired degree of viscosity needed for the proper formulation and application of the composition. One general type of thickener is referred to in the art by the term "associative." Associative thickeners are so called because the mechanism by which they thicken is believed to involve hydrophobic associations between the hydrophobic moieties in the thickener molecules and / or between the hydrophobic moieties in the thickener molecules and other hydrophobic surfaces. One type of commonly used associative thickener has a polymeric backbone constructed from one or more blocks of polymerized oxyalkylene units, typically polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide, with hydrophobic groups attached to or within the backbone. Another type of commonly used associative thickener utilizes a cellulosic backbone with hydrophobic groups attached to the backbone. Both of these types of associative thickeners can be characterized as polyether thickeners as they both have backbones comprising ether linkages. Known polyether associative thickeners are non-ionic thickeners, and their thickening efficiencies in aqueous systems are substantially independent of pH. Other thickeners may also be included in the compositions such as those described in U.S. Patent No.7,741,402, which is herein incorporated by reference. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present technology may include from about 0 wt% to about 7 wt% surfactants (e.g., leveling agents) based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may include 0 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt%, of thickeners, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values.

[0055] Rheology modifiers may be added to thicken the compositions and to increase its yield stress, thus allowing for the formation of a stable suspension of pigments in resin upon mixing. Rheology modifiers are also added to optimize the application properties of the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present technology may include -20- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 from about 0 wt% to about 7 wt% rheology modifiers based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may include 0 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt% of rheology modifiers, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values. Pigment dispersants are added to create a stable dispersion of the pigment. Pigment dispersants function by directly interacting with pigment particles both mechanically and electrostatically. Rheology modifiers function by increasing the yield stress of the water- resin system.

[0056] Corrosion inhibitors and flash rust inhibitors can suppress the migration of colored corrosion products from the surface of coated metal objects (e.g., exposed nail heads in drywall) to the surface of the coating. Also, rust inhibitors may be added to prevent corrosion of iron alloy cans during coating storage. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present technology may include from about 0 wt% to about 20 wt% corrosion inhibitors or flash rust inhibitors based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may include 0 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt% of corrosion inhibitors and / or flash rust inhibitors, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values.

[0057] Biocides (including registered biocides) and mildewcides may be added to control microbial growth in the compositions and / or in the film. Microbes can colonize leading to filamentous growths, bad odors and the selective consumption of functional coating ingredients. Some biocides can be added solely to control microbes during storage of the composition (so called in-can biocides) while other biocides are added to impart biostability to the coalesced / cured film (so called dry film biocides). Some biocides can prevent both in- can and dry film biological growth. Typical biocides include isothiazolinones, such as 5- chloro-2-methyl-4-isothizolin-3-one; benzoisothiazolinones; triazines, such as hexahydro- 1,3,5-tris-2-hydroxyethyl-s-triazine; 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride (DOWICIL® 75); sodium pyrithione; zinc pyrithione; gluteraldehyde; bronopol; and phenolics. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present technology may include from about 0 wt% to about 2 wt% biocides or mildewcides based on the total weight of the -21- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may include 0 wt%, about 0.001 wt%, about 0.005 wt%, about 0.01 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 1.5 wt%, about 2 wt% of biocides (including registered biocides) or mildewcides, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values.

[0058] Defoamers are special types of surfactants that have the effect of decreasing the foaminess of an agitated coating compositions, when it is manufactured, when it is shaken or stirred, and when it is applied to a surface. Defoamers are commercially available under a number of tradenames such as, for example, FOAMASTER®, ADVANTAGE® 1512, and BYK® 1650. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present technology may include from about 0 wt% to about 6 wt% defoamers based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may include 0 wt%, about 0.001 wt%, about 0.01 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt% of defoamers, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values.

[0059] In some embodiments, the present compositions may include fillers. Nonlimiting examples of fillers are silicon dioxide, barium sulfate, talcum, calcium carbonate, aluminum silicate and magnesium silicate. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present technology may include from about 0 wt% to about 15 wt% fillers based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may include 0 wt% or any of about 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 wt%, or 15 wt% of fillers, or any range including and / or in-between any two of these values.

[0060] In some embodiments, the composition may be substantially free of low molecular weight surfactants. In some embodiments, the composition does not contain low molecular weight surfactants. -22- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 Methods and Use of the Composition

[0061] In accordance with any of the foregoing embodiments, also provided herein is a method comprising adding to a composition (the composition including an aqueous dispersion, the aqueous dispersion including a pigment and / or a binder) an effective amount of the additive described herein (i.e., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol) to raise the pH of the composition, stabilize the dispersion of the pigment in the composition, and / or at least partially neutralize any acidic compounds in the composition. “At least partially neutralize” will be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art as meaning at least some non-zero amount of the acidic compounds are neutralized but may or may not include neutralization of all acidic compounds. In some embodiments, the pH of the composition may be raised to about 7 to about 13 or about 7 to about 10. For example, when a biocide is included / to be included in the composition, the pH may be raised to about 8.5 to about 9.0 when a biocide is included / to be included in the composition; for example, when an inorganic binder is included / to be included in the composition, the pH may be raised to about 10.5 to about 11.5. In some embodiments, the composition is stable for at least about 1 month, at least about 2 months, at least about 3 months, at least about 6 months, at least about 12 months, or at least about 24 months. In some embodiments, the additive neutralizes at least about 20% of the acid functional groups on the polymeric binder (e.g., at least about 30%, at least about 40%, or at least about 50%). In some embodiments, the additive neutralizes about 20% to about 100% of the acid functional groups on the polymeric binder (e.g., about 30% to about 90% or about 40% to about 80%.

[0062] Any embodiments of the compositions described herein may be film forming compositions. The films derived from the compositions may have any thickness; for example, such films may have a thickness in the range of from 0.1 micrometer (“μm”) to 10 millimeters (“mm”); or in the alternative, from 1 μm to 1000 μm; or in the alternative, from 5 μm to 500 μm; or in the alternative, from 10 to 100 μm; or in the alternative, from 10 μm to 80 μm; or in the alternative, from 10 to 50 μm.

[0063] In some embodiments, the composition described herein is a coating. In some embodiments, the composition described herein is a latex paint. Accordingly, the present -23- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 technology provides a coating comprising the dried composition (e.g., a dried layer or coating on a substrate) according to any one of the embodiments described herein.

[0064] The paints and / or coatings provided herein can be used for example, in different coating applications such as residential and / or industrial coating applications, architectural coating applications, automotive coating applications, outdoor furniture coating applications, exteriors and interiors of houses, and other buildings.

[0065] The compositions as described herein may be applied by means of conventional application methods, for example, by rolling, brushing, dipping, or spraying onto any desired uncoated or pre-coated substrate. The surface of such structures to be coated with the compositions may comprise concrete, wood, metal, plastic, glass, drywall, or the like. Once applied, drying / coalescing may then proceed at ambient temperature or elevated temperatures (e.g., about 25 °C to about 300 °C including about 50 °C to about 180 °C) depending on the composition.

[0066] Accordingly, the present technology provides a coating that includes the physically coalesced composition. In some embodiments, the composition may be physically coalesced at temperatures ranging from about 0 °C to about 300 °C. In some embodiments, the composition may be physically coalesced at temperatures of at least about 5 °C. In some embodiments, the temperatures may be at least about 10 °C. In some embodiments, the temperatures may be at least about 15 °C. For example, the composition may be physically coalesced at about room temperature. In some embodiments, the composition may be physically coalesced after about 60 minutes, after about 5 hours, after about 10 hours, after about 15 hours, or after about 1 day. For example, the composition may be physically coalesced after about 60 minutes to about 1 week, about 5 hours to about 12 days, about 10 hours to about 10 days, or about 1 day to about 7 days. Methods of Manufacturing the Paint and Coating Compositions

[0067] The compositions described herein may be manufactured by conventional paint and coating manufacturing techniques, which are well known to those skilled in the art. Typically, the compositions are manufactured by a two-step process. First, a dispersion phase, commonly referred to as the grind phase, is prepared by mixing the dry pigments with -24- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 other grind phase components, including most other solid powder formulation materials, under high shear agitation to provide a high viscosity and high solids mixture. This part of the process is designed to effectively wet and dis-agglomerate the dry pigments to a finely dispersed state.

[0068] The second step of the paint / coating manufacturing process is commonly referred to as the letdown or thindown phase, because the viscous grind is diluted with the remaining formulation components, which are generally less viscous than the grind mix. Typically, the binder, any predispersed pigments, and any other paint / coating ingredients that only require mixing and perhaps moderate shear, are incorporated during the letdown phase. The letdown phase may be done either by sequentially adding the letdown components into a vessel containing the grind mix, or by adding the grind mix into a vessel containing a premix of the binder and other letdown components, followed by sequential addition of the final letdown components. In either case, constant agitation is needed, although application of high shear is not required. For a clear coating without pigments, the grinding step may be excluded.

[0069] The additive (e.g., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol) may be added to the composition at one or more of three different places in the manufacturing process: to the pigment dispersion (grinding), to the binder dispersion (letdown), and / or in a final addition to the composition. The additive (e.g., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol) may be added to one or more other components and then the combination added during the manufacturing process.

[0070] In another aspect the present technology contemplates a process for preparing a coating layer, which includes: 1) applying a coating layer from a composition provided herein; and 2) drying / coalescing the coating layer. Optionally, the applied coating layer may be flashed off to remove water and organic solvent, if present.

[0071] Unless otherwise indicated, numeric ranges, for instance as in "from 2 to 10," are inclusive of the numbers defining the range (e.g., 2 and 10).

[0072] Unless otherwise indicated, ratios, percentages, parts, and the like are by weight. -25- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764

[0073] The examples herein are provided to illustrate advantages of the present technology and to further assist a person of ordinary skill in the art with preparing or using the compositions of the present technology. The examples herein are also presented in order to more fully illustrate the present technology. The examples should in no way be construed as limiting the scope of the present technology, as defined by the appended claims. The examples can include or incorporate any of the variations, aspects or aspects of the present technology described above. The variations, aspects or aspects described above may also further each include or incorporate the variations of any or all other variations, aspects or aspects of the present technology. EXAMPLES General Information

[0074] The IUPAC names and abbreviations of the compounds tested herein are provided below. -26- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 Example 1. Synthesis of Renewable Biobased 3-Amino-3-methyl-2-butanol Synthesis of renewable biobased 2-nitropropane (2NP).

[0075] Titanium silicalite-1 (5.0 g, TS-1, ACS Material), bio-based acetone (29 g, 0.5 mol, MilliporeSigma), and 10% aqueous ammonia (170.3 g, 1.0 mol) were charged into a 3-neck flask equipped with a condenser. The mixture was heated to 60 to 65 °C and then 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide (145.7 g, 1.5 mol) was added dropwise over a 2-hour period while maintaining the internal temperature of the reaction mixture below 70 °C. After addition of hydrogen peroxide, the mixture was kept at 65 °C for 2-4 hours until all intermediate oxime reacted according to GC. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. 2NP was separated from the aqueous layer using a separatory funnel and then dried using anhydrous sodium sulfate. The isolated yield of 2NP was 75% with purity of 97%. Synthesis of renewable biobased 3-nitro-3-methyl-2-butanol (NMB) and renewable biobased 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (AMB).

[0076] 2-Nitropropane (1 mol, 97%, from previous step) and bio-acetaldehyde (1 mol, 99%, MilliporeSigma) were added to triethylamine (0.02 mol, MilliporeSigma) in methanol while maintaining the temperature below 50 °C. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. GC-FID analysis indicated 91% conversion of 2NP to NMB. The reaction mixture was then fed into a stainless steel reactor containing Raney Nickel (10 wt%) and methanol with 650 psi hydrogen at 50-80 °C. Upon complete reaction, the mixture was separated from the catalyst and distilled at ambient pressure. The fraction containing the desired product was collected at 158-162 °C and recovered as a colorless liquid. The isolated yield was 70% and the purity was 96% according to GC-FID analysis (capillary column: 30 m fused silica, (5%-phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane bonded-phase column with a 0.25 mm inner -27- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 diameter and 1.0 μm film thickness; carrier gas flow rate: 1 mL / min helium; gas chromatograph: Agilent model 7890, Series II). Example 2. Purification and Dilution of 3-Amino-3-methyl-2-butanol

[0077] A portion of the product from Example 1 was crystallized from diethyl ether to provide a purity of 99.6%. Dilutions were prepared by mixing AMB with deionized water at 40 °C. The resulting solutions were cooled until the samples solidified. Table 1 below shows melting point data for AMB samples at different purity levels and dilutions. Sample 1 is the distilled product from Example 1. Sample 2 is Sample 1 plus water. Sample 3 is the crystallized form of the product from Example 1. Sample 4 is Sample 3 plus water. Higher levels of impurities and water provided lower melting points. Table 1. Properties of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol at different purities and moisture content

[0078] The isolated product may be diluted with water to 90% activity by weight to improve stability. Example 3. Dispersant Demand of 3-Amino-3-methyl-2-butanol for Paint Coatings

[0079] To a 250 mL container, 137.7 g of deionized water (31 wt%) and wetting agent (0.05 wt% ammonia, NaOH, Genamin Gluco 50, AMP, or AMB) was added. The container was rotated on a dispersing machine at 800 revolutions per minute (rpm) and Kronos® 2190 titanium dioxide was added (69 wt%). The dispersing machine was increased to 1200 rpm for 5 minutes and the Krebs viscosity was measured. Every 5 minutes, the polymeric dispersing agent (OROTAN™ 731A ER) was added in 0.04 wt% increments (relative to the wt% of Kronos® 2190 TiO2) and the Krebs viscosity was measured (in Krebs Units; “KU”). -28- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 Table 2 below summarizes the results of these experiments, which are further illustrated in FIG.1. -29- 4861-1103-4596.24670-196901:.oN.tkD.yttA (3ytin 3141414 4 38 5si 1 1 1omcasineV G ) U K( PytM is A04733 5 70 8 0 5 0oh1 1312111 7 5 6 5 6c t siiw V tnegA g)nis%t 040. 800. 201. 601. 002. 302. 702. 103. 503. 903. 304. 704. 105. 505. 905. 0072..069.2rewep(54-ls30bi 11aD -1T6844670-1969 01:.oN.tkD.ytt1A6757575-13- 5575472. 208. 001..16954-3011-1684 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764

[0080] As shown in FIG.1 and Table 2, AMB requires the least amount of polymeric dispersing agent, namely OROTAN™ 731A ER, (0.23 wt%) to achieve the minimum Krebs viscosity (compared to 0.47 wt% ammonia, 0.70 wt% NaOH, 0.70 wt% N,N- Dimethylglucamine, and 0.27% AMP). An optimum (or minimum) concentration of polymeric dispersing agents reduces the hydrophilicity of the dry film leading to an improvement of several parameters such as: water resistance, chemical resistance, stain resistance, washability of the surface, lower microfoaming effect, and / or syneresis formation during storage, Example 4. Adsorption of Additive at the Pigment Surface

[0081] The natural affinity of an additive toward the pigment surface is a key element of a wetting agent. The modification of the interface between the pigment and water, thanks to a strong adsorption, is one of the drivers of pigment wetting efficiency. It can modify the hydrophilicity of the pigment surface or change the isoelectric point for a better stability.

[0082] The protocol consists of the following steps: -32- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764

[0083] The direct comparison of AMB and AMP, of which AMP is known as the benchmark for pigment wetting additive, is shown in FIG.2. Results with three organic pigments (PY83 Novoperm® Yellow HR70, PR122 Hostaperm® Pink E, PV 23 Hostaperm® Violet RL from Clariant) and one Carbon black (Mogul L from Cabot) highlight the higher adsorption of AMB compared to AMP. Adsorption with TiO2 (Kronos® 3741) is similar for both additives. Example 5. Particle Size Evaluation of Water Based Anti-Corrosion Pigment Slurries

[0084] Water based slurries of four anti-corrosive pigments (“ACPs”)¾zinc phosphate, zinc molybdenum orthophosphate, calcium magnesium orthophosphate, and calcium modified silica gel¾were prepared using the following protocol: • A solution containing water, 20 wt% of the ACP and 0.2% of the wetting agent have been prepared (NH3, AMP, and AMB). • The solution has been dispersed during 20 minutes with a dispersion disk • Mean of particle size was determined with a Mastersizer 3000 from Malvern instrument

[0085] FIG.3 shows the box plots of the average particle size with all four ACPs. AMB provides the lowest particle size, corresponding to a better deagglomeration and dispersion of ACP pigments. -33- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 Example 6. Anti-corrosion Properties

[0086] A set of water based pigmented anti-corrosive paints has been prepared using Zinc phosphate as the ACP (anti-corrosive pigment), with a composition given in the following Table 3. Table 3.

[0087] Anti-corrosion properties have been tested according to 168 hours of Salt spray test using ASTM B117-2019 with the following testing conditions: • 5% by weight of analytical grade NaCl in 95% by weight of Type IV water • pH of collected salt solution: 7.03 ~ 7.16 • 3 mil dry film thickness on steel panels w / vertical scribe • Incline 15°~20° from vertical in slotted holder -34- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764

[0088] Results are illustrated in the photographs in FIG.4, which show that both AMP and AMB provided outstanding anti-corrosion protection as compared to ammonia. Further notable is that similar corrosion protection may be achieved with using half of the pigment concentration along with 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, as shown by comparing the results for a concentration of zinc phosphate of 8 wt% to the results for a concentration of zinc phosphate of 4 wt%. Example 7. Decorative Paint Evaluation

[0089] The principle of this evaluation is to set up a DoE (Design of Experiment) 25-1with 5 variables for each neutralizer / additive, and compare statistically the results of the sum of the data. Table 4 below shows the DoE generated for each evaluated additive (i.e., NaOH, AMB, or AMP), containing the 16 runs of the DoE plus a control (center point of the DoE with AMP, which is a common run for all products). The 5 parameters of the DoE are: • Additive concentration: the original dosage point was selected to be 0.12 wt% and half of this dosage in order to challenge the efficiency of the additive. • Dispersing agent concentration: the low level corresponds to a concentration slightly above the minimum determined by a dispersant demand curve, and the high level of 0.1% correspond to the typical recommendation of the supplier. • TiO2 concentration: two levels for the determination of the potential TiO2 reduction based on the better dispersing efficiency. • Binder concentration: two levels for the determination of the potential binder reduction based on the better latex stabilization. • Dispersing time: the low level is 7 minutes which is the faster dispersion time according to our experience with our disperser, and the high level of 20 minutes is ensuring a full dispersion of pigments. Table 4. -35- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764

[0090] The base formulation selected for this investigation is described in the following Table 5. Table 5. Water 171.83 grams Dowsil® 108F 1.42 grams Natrosol® 250 MHBR 3.64 grams Dispersion time 10 min. Dispersion speed 800 rpm, then 500 rpm Orotan® 731 0.3 grams or 1.0 grams Proxel® BZ plus 1.00 grams ADDITIVE 0.6 grams or 1.2 grams Dispersion time 5 min. Dispersion speed 500 rpm, then 1000 rpm -36- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 Kronos® 2190 165 grams or 170 grams Durcal® 5 85.00 grams Finntalc® M15 10.00 grams Dispersion time 7 min. or 20 min. Dispersion speed 1800 rpm, then 800 rpm Primal® SF-016 430 grams or 440 grams Dispersion time 5 min. Dispersion speed 800 rpm Dowsil® 108F 0.61 grams Aquaflow® NHS 300 7.01 grams Aquafflow® NLS 220E 27.53 grams Water 79.78 grams Disperstion time ^5 min. Dispersion speed 800 rpm Total 1000 grams

[0091] All the formulations have been prepared with a Dispermat AE. A dispersing disk has been used. For a 1 L bowl: 65 mm f (blade size). Ingredients have been incorporated step by step, dispersion time and speed of the motor are indicated in previous Table. Several properties of each paint have been measured initially, and during 3 months, including the pH, viscosity (ICI, Brookfield with two speeds), gloss (20°, 60°, 85° angles), Spectrocolorimetric test (L*a*b*, and contrast ratio), the dry film hardness, and the wet scrub resistance.

[0092] Analysis of the dry opacity

[0093] Dry opacity (or Contrast ratio) was measured by first drawing down coatings onto Leneta opacity charts using a 150 micrometer wet film thickness applicator. Coatings were dried overnight before measuring L-reflectance using Spectrophotomètre CM-5 Konica Minolta calibrated once per day the values are averages of three measurements across the drawdown surface over the white and black areas. Dry opacity is calculated by dividing the L-reflectance measured over black by the L-reflectance measured over white, multiplied by 100. -37- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764

[0094] The initial dry opacity and the evolution of the dry opacity after 3 months of aging of all 16 formulations carried out by using the aforementioned design of experiment methodology is shown in the graph provided in FIG.5. Both initial and final dry opacity is significantly higher when AMB is used as a wetting agent.

[0095] Analysis of the gloss

[0096] Gloss measurements were made using a BYK Gardner Tri-Gloss Meter calibrated once per day. Drawdowns were performed using a 150 micrometers wet film thickness applicator using an automatic applicator device as Elcometer 4340. A drying step is systematically implemented during 24 hours at 23°RH. The 20°, 60° and 85° gloss values have been measured. The initial gloss measured at 60° and the evolution of the gloss with aging is shown in FIG.6. Both AMP and AMB provide a much more stable result (as the statistical analysis via box plot representation of the 16 formulations are narrowest) as compared to NaOH, where AMB provides a higher gloss level. EQUIVALENTS

[0097] While certain embodiments have been illustrated and described, a person with ordinary skill in the art, after reading the foregoing specification, can effect changes, substitutions of equivalents and other types of alterations to the compositions of the present technology as set forth herein. Each aspect and embodiment described above can also have included or incorporated therewith such variations or aspects as disclosed regarding any or all of the other aspects and embodiments.

[0098] The present technology is also not to be limited in terms of the particular aspects described herein, which are intended as single illustrations of individual aspects of the present technology. Many modifications and variations of this present technology can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods within the scope of the present technology, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. It is to be understood that this present technology is not limited to particular methods, reagents, compounds, or compositions, which can, of course, vary. It is -38- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only, and is not intended to be limiting. Thus, it is intended that the specification be considered as exemplary only with the breadth, scope and spirit of the present technology indicated only by the appended claims, definitions therein and any equivalents thereof.

[0099] The embodiments, illustratively described herein may suitably be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or limitations, not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, for example, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” etc. shall be read expansively and without limitation. Additionally, the terms and expressions employed herein have been used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the claimed technology. Additionally, the phrase “consisting essentially of” will be understood to include those elements specifically recited and those additional elements that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed technology. The phrase “consisting of” excludes any element not specified.

[0100] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group. Each of the narrower species and subgeneric groupings falling within the generic disclosure also form part of the technology. This includes the generic description of the technology with a proviso or negative limitation removing any subject matter from the genus, regardless of whether or not the excised material is specifically recited herein.

[0101] As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, particularly in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to,” -39- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” and the like, include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member.

[0102] All publications, patent applications, issued patents, and other documents (for example, journals, articles and / or textbooks) referred to in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication, patent application, issued patent, or other document was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety. Definitions that are contained in text incorporated by reference are excluded to the extent that they contradict definitions in this disclosure.

[0103] The present technology may include, but is not limited to, the features and combinations of features recited in the following lettered paragraphs, it being understood that the following paragraphs should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the claims as appended hereto or mandating that all such features must necessarily be included in such claims: A. A composition comprising a dispersion of a pigment and an additive, a binder and the additive, or a combination of the pigment, the binder, and the additive, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. B. The composition of Paragraph A, wherein the composition comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 15 wt% of the additive. C. The composition of Paragraph A or Paragraph B, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 2 wt% of the additive. D. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-C, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the additive. -40- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 E. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-D, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 0.3 wt% of the additive. F. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-E, further comprising a neutralizing agent other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. G. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-F, wherein the composition comprises about 10 wt% to about 80 wt% binder. H. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-G, wherein the composition comprises about 15 wt% to about 65 wt% polymeric binder resin. I. The composition of Paragraph H, wherein the polymeric binder resin is selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylate, polyvinyl versatate, polyethylene-vinyl acetate, polyester, or a combination of two or more thereof. J. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-I, wherein the additive is present as a racemic mixture. K. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-J, wherein the additive is purified such that one enantiomer is present at levels greater than 75%. L. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-K, wherein the additive is purified such that one enantiomer is present at levels greater than 90%. M. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-L, wherein the additive is purified such that one enantiomer is present at levels greater than 95%. N. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-M, wherein the additive is purified such that one enantiomer is present at levels greater than 99%. O. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-N, further comprising about 10 wt% to about 75 wt% pigment. P. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-O, wherein the composition comprises about 55 wt% to about 75 wt% pigment. -41- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 Q. The composition of Paragraph O or Paragraph P, wherein the pigment comprises a colorant. R. The composition of any one of Paragraphs O-Q, wherein the pigment comprises titanium dioxide. S. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-R, further comprising a dispersing agent. T. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-S, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 wt% to 10 wt% dispersing agent. U. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-T, further comprising one or more of a cosolvent, coalescent, leveling agent, thickener, rheology modifier, corrosion inhibitor, defoamer, wetting agent, dispersant, biocide, flow control agent based on (meth)acrylic homopolymers or silicon oils, or a combination of any two or more thereof. V. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-U, wherein the dispersion is an aqueous dispersion of the pigment and the additive, the binder and the additive, or the combination of the pigment, the binder, and the additive, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. W. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-V, wherein the composition is a coating. X. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-W, wherein the composition is a latex paint. Y. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-X, wherein the composition further comprises an an amino alcohol other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (an “other amino alcohol”). Z. The composition of Paragraph Y, wherein the other amino alcohol is 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1- -42- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbutan-2-ol, or a combination of any two or more thereof. AA. The composition of Paragraph Y or Paragraph Z, wherein the composition comprises at least about 0.01 wt% of the other amino alcohol. AB. The composition of any one of Paragraphs Y-AA, wherein the composition comprises 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbutan-2-ol in addition to 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. AC. The composition of any one of Paragraphs A-AB, wherein the composition exhibits a biobased content of the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol of at least about 10% as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24. AD. A coating comprising the dried composition of any one of Paragraphs A-AC. AE. A method comprising adding to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion comprising a pigment an effective amount of an additive to raise the pH of the composition, stabilize the dispersion of the pigment in the composition, and / or at least partially neutralize any acidic compounds in the composition, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. AF. A method comprising adding to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion comprising a pigment and / or binder an effective amount of an additive to raise the pH of the composition, stabilize the dispersion of the pigment in the composition, and / or at least partially neutralize any acidic compounds in the composition, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. AG. A composition comprising about 30 wt% to about 99.99 wt% 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol; about 0.01 wt% to about 70 wt% water; and optionally an amino alcohol other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (an “other amino alcohol”). AH. The composition of Paragraph AG, comprising about 0.01 wt% to about 60 wt% of the other amino alcohol. -43- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 AI. The composition of Paragraph AH, comprising not more than 1 wt% of the other amino alcohol. AJ. The composition of any one of Paragraphs AG-AI, comprising about 70 wt% to about 95 wt% 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and about 5 wt% to about 30 wt% water. AK. The composition of any one of Paragraphs AG-AJ, comprising about 90 wt% 3-amino- 3-methyl-2-butanol, about 10 wt% water, and less than 1 wt% of the other amino alcohol. AL. The composition of any one of Paragraphs AG-AK, wherein the composition comprises less than 2 wt% secondary amine. AM. The composition of any one of Paragraphs AG-AL, wherein the composition further comprises not more than 5 wt% of the other amino alcohol. AN. The composition of any one of Paragraphs AG-AM, wherein the other amino alcohol is 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbutan- 2-ol, or a combination of any two or more thereof. AO. The composition of any one of Paragraphs AG-AN, wherein the composition comprises at least about 0.01 wt% of the other amino alcohol. AP. The composition of any one of Paragraphs AG-AO, wherein the composition comprises 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbutan-2-ol in addition to 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. AQ. The composition of any one of Paragraphs AG-AP, wherein the composition exhibits a biobased content of the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol of at least about 10% as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24. AR. A method of making a composition of any one of Paragraphs AG-AQ, the method comprising combining 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol with a purity of at least 95 wt% with sufficient water to provide the composition. -44- 4861-1103-4596.2 Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 AS. The method of Paragraph AR, wherein the method further comprises mixing the combined 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and water until a homogenous solution is obtained.

[0104] Other embodiments are set forth in the following claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. -45- 4861-1103-4596.2

Claims

Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A composition comprising a dispersion of a pigment and an additive, a binder and the additive, or a combination of the pigment, the binder, and the additive, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

2. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 15 wt% of the additive.

3. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 2 wt% of the additive.

4. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the additive.

5. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 0.3 wt% of the additive.

6. The composition of Claim 1, further comprising a neutralizing agent other than 3-amino- 3-methyl-2-butanol.

7. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 10 wt% to about 80 wt% binder.

8. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 15 wt% to about 65 wt% polymeric binder resin.

9. The composition of Claim 8, wherein the polymeric binder resin is selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylate, polyvinyl versatate, polyethylene-vinyl acetate, polyester, or a combination of two or more thereof.

10. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the additive is present as a racemic mixture. -46- 4861-1103-4596.2Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 11. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the additive is purified such that one enantiomer is present at levels greater than 75%.

12. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the additive is purified such that one enantiomer is present at levels greater than 90%.

13. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the additive is purified such that one enantiomer is present at levels greater than 95%.

14. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the additive is purified such that one enantiomer is present at levels greater than 99%.

15. The composition of Claim 1, further comprising about 10 wt% to about 75 wt% pigment.

16. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 55 wt% to about 75 wt% pigment.

17. The composition of Claim 15, wherein the pigment comprises a colorant.

18. The composition of Claim 15, wherein the pigment comprises titanium dioxide.

19. The composition of Claim 1, further comprising a dispersing agent.

20. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 wt% to 10 wt% dispersing agent.

21. The composition of Claim 1, further comprising one or more of a cosolvent, coalescent, leveling agent, thickener, rheology modifier, corrosion inhibitor, defoamer, wetting agent, dispersant, biocide, flow control agent based on (meth)acrylic homopolymers or silicon oils, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

22. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the dispersion is an aqueous dispersion of a pigment and an additive, a binder and the additive, or a combination of the pigment, the binder, and the additive, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. -47- 4861-1103-4596.2Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 23. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition is a coating.

24. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition is a latex paint.

25. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an amino alcohol other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (an “other amino alcohol”).

26. The composition of Claim 25, wherein the other amino alcohol is 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1- butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbutan-2-ol, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

27. The composition of Claim 25, wherein the composition comprises at least about 0.01 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

28. The composition of Claim 25, wherein the composition comprises 3-(ethylamino)-3- methylbutan-2-ol in addition to 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

29. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition exhibits a biobased content of the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol of at least about 10% as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24.

30. A coating comprising the dried composition of any one of Claims 1-29.

31. A method comprising adding to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion comprising a pigment an effective amount of an additive to raise the pH of the composition, stabilize the dispersion of the pigment in the composition, and / or at least partially neutralize any acidic compounds in the composition, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

32. A method comprising adding to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion comprising a pigment and / or binder an effective amount of an additive to raise the pH of the composition, stabilize the dispersion of the pigment in the composition, and / or at least partially neutralize any acidic compounds in the composition, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. -48- 4861-1103-4596.2Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 33. A composition comprising about 30 wt% to about 99.99 wt% 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol; about 0.01 wt% to about 70 wt% water; and optionally an amino alcohol other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (an “other amino alcohol”).

34. The composition of Claim 33, comprising about 0.01 wt% to about 60 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

35. The composition of Claim 34, comprising not more than 1 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

36. The composition of Claim 33, comprising about 70 wt% to about 95 wt% 3-amino-3- methyl-2-butanol and about 5 wt% to about 30 wt% water.

37. The composition of Claim 33, comprising about 90 wt% 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, about 10 wt% water, and less than 1 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

38. The composition of Claim 33, wherein the composition comprises less than 2 wt% secondary amine.

39. The composition of Claim 33, wherein the composition further comprises not more than 5 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

40. The composition of Claim 34, wherein the other amino alcohol is 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1- butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbutan-2-ol, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

41. The composition of Claim 33, wherein the composition comprises at least about 0.01 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

42. The composition of Claim 40, wherein the composition comprises 3-(ethylamino)-3- methylbutan-2-ol in addition to 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. -49- 4861-1103-4596.2Atty. Dkt. No.: 109691-0764 43. The composition of Claim 33, wherein the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol exhibits a biobased content of at least about 10% as determined using radiocarbon analysis in accordance with ASTM D6866-24.

44. A method of making a composition of any one of Claims 33-43, the method comprising combining 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol with a purity of at least 95 wt% with sufficient water to provide the composition.

45. The method of Claim 43, wherein the method further comprises mixing the combined 3- amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and water until a homogenous solution is obtained. -50- 4861-1103-4596.2

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