Methods, apparatus, and systems for power saving
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing network power saving solutions are difficult to manage, maintain, and scale across different operators and vendors, and are often specific to individual networks, limiting their applicability and efficiency.
A method and system for power saving in communication networks that involves monitoring for an indication of an operating mode with different power consumption levels at communication devices, and controlling the operation of these devices based on detected indications, allowing for more manageable and scalable power saving techniques.
The proposed solution enables efficient power management in communication networks, allowing for seamless worldwide coverage while meeting carbon neutrality goals, and facilitating power consumption management in integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial scenarios.
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Figure CN2023143233_20032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEMS FOR POWER SAVING
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0002] The present application is related to, and claims priority to, United States provisional patent application Serial No. 63 / 582,561, entitled “Method, Apparatus, and System for Power Saving” , filed on September 14, 2023, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure relates, generally, to wireless communication and, in particular embodiments, to a method, apparatus, and system for power saving.BACKGROUND
[0004] Network power saving is expected to become an important feature in the context of present communication systems and / or future 6G systems and in the scenario of integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial systems.
[0005] Some network power saving solutions are network-specific implementation solutions, which are difficult to be managed, maintained and scaled throughout the network, among different operators and vendors.
[0006] It is generally desirable to provide more manageable and scalable techniques for power savings in communication systems.SUMMARY
[0007] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a method involves receiving, at a communication device in a communication network, information associated with monitoring for an indication of an operating mode in which the communication device is to operate. The operating mode is one of multiple operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the communication device. Such a method may also involve monitoring for the indication at the communication device, and operating, at the communication device, in the operating mode responsive to detecting the indication.
[0008] Another method involves transmitting, to a first communication device from a second communication device in a communication network, information associated with monitoring at the first communication device for an indication of an operating mode in which the first communication device is to operate; and transmitting the indication to the first communication device from the second communication device to control operation at the first communication device to operate in the operating mode of the indication. The operating mode is one of multiple operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the first communication device.
[0009] An apparatus may include a receiver, and a controller that is coupled to the receiver. The receiver is for receiving, at a communication device in a communication network, information associated with monitoring for an indication of an operating mode in which the communication device is to operate. The operating mode is one of multiple operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the communication device. The controller is for monitoring for the indication at the communication device, and for controlling operation at the communication device in the operating mode responsive to detecting the indication.
[0010] In another embodiment, an apparatus includes a transmitter, and a controller that is coupled to the transmitter. The transmitter is for transmitting, to a first communication device from a second communication device in a communication network, information associated with monitoring at the first communication device for an indication of an operating mode in which the first communication device is to operate, and for transmitting the indication to the first communication device from the second communication device to control operation at the first communication device in the operating mode of the indication. The controller is for providing the information and the indication to the transmitter. As in other embodiments, the operating mode is one of multiple operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the first communication device.
[0011] In other apparatus embodiments, an apparatus may include a processor configured to cause the apparatus to perform any of the methods as disclosed herein.
[0012] An apparatus may include a processor coupled with a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that stores programming for execution by the processor, to perform any of the methods disclosed herein.
[0013] A storage medium need not necessarily or only be implemented in or in conjunction with such an apparatus. A computer program product, for example, may be or include a non-transitory computer readable medium storing programming for execution by a processor.
[0014] Programming stored by a computer readable storage medium may include instructions to, or to cause a processor to, perform, implement, support, or enable any of the methods disclosed herein.
[0015] A system is also disclosed, and may include a first communication device and a second communication device. The first communication device for receiving information associated with monitoring for an indication of an operating mode in which the first communication device is to operate; monitoring for the indication; and operating in the operating mode responsive to detecting the indication. The operating mode is one of multiple operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the first communication device. The second communication device is for transmitting, to the first communication device: the information associated with the monitoring; and the indication.
[0016] Other embodiments are also possible. For example, one or more integrated circuits, which may also be referred to as a chip or a chipset, may implement features disclosed herein. These may also be considered examples of apparatus as disclosed herein.
[0017] The present disclosure encompasses these and other aspects or embodiments.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] For a more complete understanding of the present embodiments, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0019] Fig. 1 is a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system.
[0020] Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustration of the example communication system in Fig. 1.
[0021] Fig. 3 illustrates an example electronic device and examples of base stations.
[0022] Fig. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device.
[0023] Fig. 5 illustrates an example of an integrated TN / NTN.
[0024] Fig. 6 illustrates another example of an integrated TN / NTN.
[0025] Fig. 7 illustrates a further example of an integrated TN / NTN.
[0026] Fig. 8 illustrates downward and upward links between T-TRPs and an NT-TRP.
[0027] Fig. 9 is a state diagram illustrating power consumption states and transitions according to an example.
[0028] Fig. 10 illustrates an example of information in a power saving raster.
[0029] Fig. 11 illustrates another example of information in a power saving raster.
[0030] Fig. 12 illustrates a further example of information in a power saving raster.
[0031] Fig. 13 illustrates an example TN-NTN system and Beam Angular Information.
[0032] Fig. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating more general example methods according to examples.
[0033] Fig. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus in which embodiments may be implemented.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] For illustrative purposes, specific example embodiments will now be explained in greater detail in conjunction with the figures.
[0035] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0036] Referring to Fig. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 (which may be the wireless system in Fig. 1) comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (for example sixth generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (for example 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electric device (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also the communication system 100 comprises a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0037] The uplink messages / data transmitted between the central device (the network node 170 for example) and the sensing device (ED 180 for example) could be carried in higher layer signaling, such as RRC signaling, or MAC layer signaling. Or, they could be carried in physical layer signaling, such as UCI. Or they could be carried in the combination of the higher layer signaling and the physical signaling. It could be noted that the message in the present disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message. The downlink messages / data transmitted between the central device and the ED 110 could be carried in higher layer signaling, such as RRC signaling, or MAC layer signaling. Or, they could be carried in physical layer signaling, such as UCI. Or they could be carried in the combination of the higher layer signaling and the physical signaling. It could be noted that the message in the present disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0038] Custom network power savings implementations can be considered where an operator performs power saving manually based on heuristics, traffic load management and balancing.
[0039] Fig. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast, unicast, and so on. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, between its constituent elements. The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications (such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, and so on. ) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in what may be considered a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. Compared to conventional communication networks, the heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.
[0040] The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system. In the example shown in Fig. 2, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , radio access networks (RANs) 120a, 120b, a non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RANs 120a, 120b include respective base stations (BSs) 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes an access node 172, which may be generically referred to as a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172. As may be surmised on the basis of similarity in reference numerals, the non-terrestrial communication network 120c may be considered to be a radio access network, with operational aspects in common with the RANs 120a, 120b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c may include at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device, wherein the at least one non-terrestrial network device works as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device works as a radio access network node, which communicates with the ED via the non-terrestrial network device.
[0041] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any T-TRP 170a, 170b and NT-TRP 172, the Internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with T-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0042] The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , space division multiple access (SDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA, also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDMA, DFT-s-OFDMA) in the air interfaces 190a and 190b. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize other higher dimension signal spaces, which may involve a combination of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.
[0043] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the ED 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0044] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0045] Fig. 3 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and a base station 170a, 170b and / or 172. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, and so on. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, and so on.
[0046] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, and so on. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (communication module, modem, or chip for example) or comprising the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also shown in FIG. 3, a NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (that is, established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (that is, released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0047] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, as a transceiver for example. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0048] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processing unit (s) (aprocessor 210 for example) . Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0049] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the Internet 150 in FIG. 1) . The input / output devices or interfaces permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and / or for network interface communications. Suitable structures include, for example, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and so on.
[0050] The ED 110 includes the processor 210 for performing operations including those operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170; those operations related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170; and those operations related to processing sidelink transmission to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (by detecting and / or decoding the signaling for example) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the NT-TRP 172 and / or by the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, for example beam angle information (BAI) , received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (initial access for example) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and so on. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, for example using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or from the T-TRP 170.
[0051] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0052] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (for example in the memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or a hardware accelerator such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) or an artificial intelligence (AI) accelerator.
[0053] The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a base band unit (BBU) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be a macro BS, a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the forgoing devices or refer to apparatus (acommunication module, a modem, or a chip for example) in the forgoing devices.
[0054] In some embodiments, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remote from the equipment that houses the antennas 256 for the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions for example.
[0055] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to the NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding for example) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (initial access for example) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and so on. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, BAI for example, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy the NT-TRP 172, and so on. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, for example to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Signaling may be transmitted in a physical layer control channel, for example a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , in which case the signaling may be known as dynamic signaling. Signaling transmitted in a downlink physical layer control channel may be known as Downlink Control Information (DCI) . Signaling transmitted in an uplink physical layer control channel may be known as Uplink Control Information (UCI) . Signaling transmitted in a sidelink physical layer control channel may be known as Sidelink Control Information (SCI) . Signaling may be included in a higher-layer (for example higher than physical layer) packet transmitted in a physical layer data channel, for example in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in which case the signaling may be known as higher-layer signaling, static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher-layer signaling may also refer to Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol signaling or Media Access Control –Control Element (MAC-CE) signaling.
[0056] The scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170. The scheduler 253 may schedule uplink, downlink, sidelink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (for example “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0057] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0058] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, for example in the memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a hardware accelerator (aGPU or AI accelerator for example) , or an ASIC.
[0059] Although the NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example, the NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form, such as satellites and high altitude platforms, including international mobile telecommunication base stations and unmanned aerial vehicles, for example. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (MIMO precoding for example) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (BAI for example) received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 for example. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0060] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or part of the receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0061] The processor 276, the processing components of the transmitter 272, and the processing components of the receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, for example in the memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276, the processing components of the transmitter 272, and the processing components of the receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a hardware accelerator (aGPU or AI accelerator for example) , or an ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, through coordinated multipoint transmissions for example.
[0062] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0063] Any or all of the EDs 110 and BS 170 may be sensing nodes in the system 100. Sensing nodes are network entities that perform sensing by transmitting and receiving sensing signals. Some sensing nodes are communication equipment that perform both communications and sensing. However, it is possible that some sensing nodes do not perform communications, and are instead dedicated to sensing. The sensing agent 174 is an example of a sensing node that is dedicated to sensing. Unlike the EDs 110 and BS 170, the sensing agent 174 does not transmit or receive communication signals. However, the sensing agent 174 may communicate configuration information, sensing information, signaling information, or other information within the communication system 100. The sensing agent 174 may be in communication with the core network 130 to communicate information with the rest of the communication system 100. By way of example, the sensing agent 174 may determine the location of the ED 110a, and transmit this information to the base station 170a via the core network 130. Although only one sensing agent 174 is shown in Fig. 2, any number of sensing agents may be implemented in the communication system 100. In some embodiments, one or more sensing agents may be implemented at one or more of the RANs 120.
[0064] A sensing node may combine sensing-based techniques with reference signal-based techniques to enhance UE pose determination. This type of sensing node may also be known as a sensing management function (SMF) . In some networks, the SMF may also be known as a location management function (LMF) . The SMF may be implemented as a physically independent entity located at the core network 130 with connection to the multiple BSs 170. In other aspects of the present application, the SMF may be implemented as a logical entity co-located inside a BS 170 through logic carried out by the processor 260.
[0065] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to Fig. 4. Fig. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device or apparatus, such as in the ED 110, in the T-TRP 170, or in the NT-TRP 172.
[0066] Such units or modules may also or instead be units or modules in the ED 180.
[0067] For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or by a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or by a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be a circuit such as an integrated circuit. Examples of an integrated circuit includes a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be logical such as a logical function performed by a circuit, by a portion of an integrated circuit, or by software instructions executed by a processor. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, the modules may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0068] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, the T-TRP 170, and the NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0069] Network power saving is expected to become an important feature in the context of future 6G systems and in the scenario of integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial systems.
[0070] In existing cellular systems such as 4G long term evolution (LTE) or 5th generation (5G) new radio (NR) , the user equipment (UE) , for example the EDs 110 shown above, can be configured with discontinuous reception (DRX) and discontinuous transmission (DTX) in order to save power. When the UE is operating in DRX mode, the UE may not receive any physical layer signals / channels (that is, detect and measure physical signals such as reference signals (RSs) nor detect and decode messages carried in physical layer channels such as physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) / physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) ) . Similarly when the UE is operating in DTX mode, the UE may not transmit any physical layer signals / channels (that is, do any signal processing related to generating an uplink signal or uplink channel such as physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) / physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) ) . Such techniques allow the UE to save power by not being continuously turned ON.
[0071] In 5G NR Rel-18, a study item was introduced on the topic of network power savings, where various techniques were investigated in order to achieve power savings at the network side.
[0072] The first technique that was investigated is that of “simplified” synchronization signal and physical broadcast (SS / PBCH) blocks, which is referred as SSBs, where the simplification consists in transmitting for example only the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , or only the secondary synchronization signal (SSS) . Other variants consisted in transmitted SS / PBCH blocks with much longer periodicities than those periodicities currently supported by 5G NR.
[0073] The second technique that was investigated is that of so-called “cell-DRX” and “cell-DTX” . These are effectively the mirrors of the UE DRX / DTX modes, where the cell-DRX is a mode where the corresponding TRP (s) may not receive any physical layer signals / channels. Similarly the cell-DTX is a mode where the corresponding TRP (s) may not transmit any physical layer signals / channels.
[0074] The third technique that was investigated is that of so-called “bandwidth part (BWP) adaptation” . This is done by the cell switching to a BWP that has a shorter bandwidth and thus reducing the amount of power needed to transmit over larger bandwidths. This can be done by configuring UEs with multiple BWPs and simply indicating BWP switching using, for example, downlink control information (DCI) to switch from one BWP to another BWP.
[0075] Most network power saving solutions in the prior art are network-specific implementation solutions (for example custom network power savings implementations) . Custom network power savings implementations can be considered where an operator performs power saving manually based on heuristics, traffic load management and balancing.
[0076] The possible disadvantage of custom network power savings implementation is that these methods are customer-specific and therefore difficult to be managed, maintained and scaled. This is because operators would be required to have all of their equipment from one network vendor only. With standardized mechanisms, network power saving algorithms and implementations will be easier to be managed and in particular scaled up because these solutions can work in multi-vendor scenarios which are far more typical.
[0077] Non-terrestrial communication system has larger coverage than terrestrial communication system. For example, an NT-TRP may cover a place including where many T-TRPs cover. In some cases, the T-TRP may not need to provide services to UEs because the NT-TRP could do it at the same time when the NT-TRP covers the area where the T-TRP covers. Thus, the T-TRP could reduce power consumption, for example to sleep for network power saving.
[0078] The network power saving in the present disclosure could be done based on a power saving indication sent from the NT-TRP to the T-TRP. The power saving indication may assist the T-TRP to determine whether to sleep for power saving, or to stay awake to serve the UEs.
[0079] In addition, the T-TRP may wake up periodically to monitor further power saving indication for later operations, for example for determining whether to continue to sleep or totally wakeup to serve the UEs. As non-terrestrial TRPs are moving along their orbit, if terrestrial TRPs go to sleep for a long time, then when the terrestrial TRPs are monitoring the power saving indication, they need to re-acquire synchronization with the non-terrestrial TRP in order to assist with the monitoring of power saving indications.
[0080] Thus embodiments the present disclosure may help to achieve seamless worldwide coverage as well as meeting carbon neutrality goals and managing power consumption in integrated TN / NTN scenarios and use-cases.
[0081] Please note that in the context of this disclosure, non-terrestrial TRPs may be devices such as satellites, high altitude platform systems (HAPS) , balloons, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , or drones, and terrestrial TRPs may be devices such as base-stations.
[0082] System Architecture or Scenario to which the present disclosure is applicable
[0083] The present disclosure is aimed at terrestrial TRPs such as base-stations and non-terrestrial TRPs such as drones, balloons, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) , satellites, and any such devices that support radio access technologies such as 5G NR, future 6G systems. In the context of this disclosure, we will use the terms “power consumption” and “power saving” inter-changeably in describing certain features.
[0084] One scenario is that terrestrial TRPs are communicating with non-terrestrial TRPs that are part of a satellite constellation. A satellite constellation may be constituted of a plurality of satellite orbits such that Earth is always provided with wireless coverage from the satellites, and each satellite orbit may have a plurality of satellites in it. Terrestrial TRPs may be connected to the core network (CN) through terrestrial gateways while satellite constellations may be connected to the CN through non-terrestrial gateways. This is shown in Fig. 5.
[0085] In the example shown in Fig. 5, the terrestrial TRPs 510, 512, 514, 530, 532, 534 are communicating with non-terrestrial TRPs 550, 552, 554 that are part of a satellite constellation. The terrestrial TRPs 510, 512, 514, 530, 532, 534 are connected to the CN 560 through terrestrial network gateways 562, 564, while satellite constellations are connected to the CN through non-terrestrial network gateways, one of which is shown at 566. The T-TRPs 510, 512, 514, 530, 532, 534 provide network service within respective coverage areas 520, 522, 524, 540, 542, 544.
[0086] Other scenarios may be envisioned where the satellite constellation effectively acts as the gateway for terrestrial TRPs on the ground. Satellites in the satellite constellation communicate with the core network through gateways located on the ground using a wireless link, while the gateways on the ground use a wired link (for example a fiber optical link) to communicate with the core network. Terrestrial TRPs communicate with satellites using a wireless link and satellites communicate between each-other using free space optical links (using lasers for example) . This is shown in Fig. 6.
[0087] In the example shown in Fig. 6, the NT-TRPs 650, 652, 654 communicate with the CN 660 through an NTN gateway 666 using a wireless link, the T-TRPs 610, 612, 614, 630, 632, 634 communicate with the NT-TRPs using a wireless link, and the NT-TRPs may communicate with each other using free space optical links. The T-TRPs 610, 612, 614, 630, 632, 634 provide network service within respective coverage areas 620, 622, 624, 640, 642, 644.
[0088] Other scenarios may be envisioned where the non-terrestrial TRPs communicate with terrestrial TRPs through the core network. Non-terrestrial TRPs may first communicate with non-terrestrial gateways, which then communicate with the CN. The CN may then relay the messages from non-terrestrial TRPs to terrestrial TRPs via dedicated terrestrial Gateways. This is shown in Fig. 7.
[0089] In the example shown in Fig. 7, the NT-TRPs 750, 752, 754 communicate with the T-TRPs 710, 712, 714, 730, 732, 734 through the CN 760. The NT-TRPs first communicate with NTN gateways, one of which is shown at 766, which then communicate with the CN 760. The CN 760 may then relay messages from the NT-TRPs 750, 752, 754 to the T-TRPs 710, 712, 714, 730, 732, 734 via dedicated TN gateways 762, 764.
[0090] The examples shown in Fig. 5-7 may be implemented in the same or substantially the same way. All of the examples include NT-TRPs, T-TRPs, a core network, and an NTN gateway, and these elements may be implemented in substantially the same way but be configured to operate differently in each example as described above. Similarly, the examples in Figs. 5 and 7 also include TN gateways, and these elements may be implemented in substantially the same way but be configured to operate differently in each of these two examples as described above.
[0091] Other network implementations are possible. The present disclosure is not in any way limited to these or any other particular network implementations.
[0092] There may be a bi-directional wireless link between terrestrial TRPs and non-terrestrial TRPs, allowing such TRPs to communicate with each-other. The link from the non-terrestrial TRP to the terrestrial TRP is referred to herein as the downward link. The link from the terrestrial TRP to the non-terrestrial TRP is referred to herein as the upward link. Fig. 8 shows a detailed example.
[0093] In Fig. 8, there are three T-TRPs 802, 804, 806 that provide network service within respective coverage areas 812, 814, 816, and an NT-TRP 820 provides network service within a coverage area 822. Downward links and upward links are also illustrated in Fig. 8.
[0094] In the present disclosure, non-terrestrial TRPs may transmit signaling carrying power consumption configuration to the terrestrial TRPs. Power consumption configuration is provided by a non-terrestrial TRP to terrestrial TRPs on the ground using common or dedicated signaling mechanisms. Given that non-terrestrial TRPs within a satellite constellation are constantly in movement within an orbit, power consumption configuration and / or command may be sent by different non-terrestrial TRPs at different times. Subject to traffic events happening within the coverage area of a terrestrial TRP, the terrestrial TRP may send a traffic-event report to the non-terrestrial TRP. In this disclosure, the word "indication" in reference to the command, and regarding the "configuration" could be "content of the indication" . For example, in the configuration, a set of power modes (for example, {power mode 1, power mode 2, …, power mode n} ) may be configured, and in the indication, one power mode in the set is activated. For another example, a set of power modes and corresponding value used in the indication may be configured, for example, the set of power modes may be {power mode 1, power mode 2, power mode 3} , the corresponding value in the indication is {00, 01, 10} . Please note that the name used in the present disclosure shall not limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0095] Terrestrial TRPs may operate in different power modes for different power consumption level. For example, there may be three power modes shown as follows:
[0096] 1) Deep Sleep power mode
[0097] 2) On mode
[0098] 3) Full Power
[0099] The Deep Sleep power mode is the mode where the terrestrial TRP may perform no communication or sensing functions towards devices (such as EDs) within its coverage area, the terrestrial TRP may be no longer transmitting any kind of physical layer signal or channel towards any device (for example UEs, cars, Internet of Things type of devices, robots, and so on) , the terrestrial TRP may also no longer detecting and measuring any physical layer signals transmitted by any device (for example UEs, cars, Internet of Things type of devices, robots, and so on) or detecting and decoding any physical layer channels transmitted by any device (for example UEs, cars, Internet of Things type of devices, robots, and so on) . This allows the terrestrial TRP to significantly reduce its power consumption in order to meet carbon neutrality goals or energy consumption goals, for example. In the Deep Sleep power mode, the terrestrial TRP may perform monitoring power consumption (PC) indication (s) (or referred as wake-up indication (s) ) from one or more non-terrestrial TRPs. In some examples, terrestrial TRPs in Deep Sleep power mode may only perform the function of monitoring wake-up indications transmitted from other devices, for example, terrestrial TRPs do not transmit any signal / channel nor receive any signal / channel towards UEs, cars, robots and other such IoT devices on the ground as terrestrial TRPs only perform basic function necessary for further receiving the power consumption indications, such as NT-TRP searching and synchronization.
[0100] It is noted that the “Deep Sleep” mode may also be called “Sleep” mode, “Low power” mode, “Extreme low power” mode, “Idle” mode or other such denominations. That is, the name used in the present disclosure shall not limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0101] The ON mode (also referred as TRP ON mode) is a mode where the terrestrial TRP performs communication and / or sensing functions towards devices (such as EDs) within its coverage area. In this power mode, the terrestrial TRP is expected to perform communication and / or sensing functions that may be capped up to a certain amount of power consumption. The cap in terms of power consumption may result in a cap in terms of the terrestrial TRP’s transmit power. The cap in terms of the terrestrial TRP’s transmit power has a direct correlation with the size of the coverage area of the terrestrial TRP. In some examples, the power consumption of the terrestrial TRP may be lower-bounded in terms of power consumption (characterized by, for example, an integer value describing the power consumption) in order to ensure that communication and / or sensing functions performed by the terrestrial TRP are performed such that basic requirements in terms of, for example, reference signal received power (RSRP) are met by devices within the coverage area. In some examples, the power consumption of the terrestrial TRP may be lower-bounded and upper-bounded in terms of power consumption (both characterized by, for example, an integer value describing the power consumption) in order to ensure that communication and / or sensing functions performed by the terrestrial TRP are performed such that basic requirements in terms of, for example, RSRP are met by devices within the coverage area. One motivation for upper-bounding power consumption at the terrestrial TRP may be the need to respect limitations in terms of power consumption that the operator is trying to enforce in terms of meeting carbon neutrality goals or sustainability goals. One motivation for lower-bounding power consumption at the terrestrial TRP may be the need to provide basic services to devices within the coverage area that meet certain requirements (for example the RSRP is above some threshold) . While in TRP ON mode, the terrestrial TRP is also monitoring for PC Indication (s) from one or more non-terrestrial TRPs.
[0102] The Full Power (also referred as TRP Full Power) is a mode where the terrestrial TRP performs communications and / or sensing functions towards devices within its coverage area. In this power mode, the terrestrial TRP is expected to perform communication and / or sensing functions that are not capped in terms of power consumption (that is, maximum power consumption) . Effectively: this means that the terrestrial TRP is operating without any restrictions or caps in terms of power consumption and the operator is not enforcing any type of cap or restriction in terms of power consumption in order to meet carbon neutrality goals or sustainability goals. While in TRP Full Power mode, the terrestrial TRP is also monitoring for PC indication (s) from one or more non-terrestrial TRPs.
[0103] Embodiment 1 -TRP Power Consumption state machine
[0104] Based on above three basic power modes, which were described in the paragraphs above, the corresponding TRP power consumption state machine may be illustrated as in Fig. 9.
[0105] As shown in Fig. 9, the terrestrial TRP can transit from any one state within {Deep Sleep Mode; TRP ON Mode; TRP Full Power Mode} based on PC indications. PC indications may be inter-changeably referred to as Power Saving (PS) indications.
[0106] Fig. 9 illustrates three power consumption states by way of example as the Deep Sleep Mode at 902, the TRP ON mode at 904, and the TRP Full Power mode at 906. State transitions between these modes based on PC indications (or equivalently PS indications) are shown at 910, 912, 920, 922, 930, 932.
[0107] PS indications may be transmitted in the form of embedded bits within binary sequences transmitted by non-terrestrial TRPs and received and detected by terrestrial TRPs. One example is that of a synchronization signal, whose sequence is based on a Gold sequence and some additional bits are embedded in the Gold sequence in order to enable the power consumption / power saving function. Another example is that of channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) whose sequence is based on a Gold sequence and some additional bits are embedded in the Gold sequence in order to enable the power consumption / power saving function.
[0108] PS indications may be transmitted in the form of physical layer control information with specific field (s) dedicated to the function of power consumption / power saving, these specific field (s) have a given bitwidth and different values taken by the specific field (s) will have different meaning and the terrestrial TRP will adapt its behavior in accordance with the content of the control information. One example of the control information is downlink control information (DCI) including a “Power Consumption” field. In one detailed example, the field is of size 2-bits where “00” means Deep Sleep mode, “01” means TRP ON at 50%power consumption mode, “10” means TRP ON at 75%power consumption mode and “11” means TRP at Full Power mode. In another detailed example, the field is of size 2-bits where “00” means Deep Sleep mode, “01” means TRP ON at 50%power consumption mode, “10” means TRP at Full Power mode and “11” is reserved. In another detailed example, the field is of size 2-bits where “00” means Deep Sleep mode, “01” means TRP ON at 50%power consumption mode, “10” means TRP at Full Power mode and “11” means keep in the current mode. 50%or 75%is an example threshold for the power consumption, which means that the power consumption could be up to 50%or 75%of the maximum power consumption. Please note that the threshold (for example, 50%or 75%) could be predefined in the system or configured by the NT-TRP or another network node. Please also not that the threshold may be an absolute value of power consumption, for example 50%may be replaced by 20dBm, and so on.
[0109] PS indications may be transmitted in the form of medium access control control elements (MAC-CE) commands with specific field (s) dedicated to the function of power consumption / power saving. These specific field (s) have a given bitwidth and different values taken by the specific field (s) will have different meaning and the terrestrial TRP will adapt its behavior in accordance with the MAC CE. One example of Power Consumption MAC-CE is shown in the below Table 1:
[0110] Table 1: Example of Power Consumption MAC-CE
[0111] The Power Consumption MAC-CE command may include a PS Deep Sleep bit, which is used to indicate if the terrestrial TRP should go to Deep Sleep, or if the terrestrial TRP should go to TRP ON Mode or TRP Full Power Mode, or if the terrestrial TRP should keep in the current Mode.
[0112] Table 1 provides an example in which a PS indication includes other information in addition to just a PS command. The PS Deep Sleep bit may indicate whether the TRP is to transition to or remain in Deep Sleep mode, in which case the PS command value need not be read or applied. Although the PS Deep Sleep bit is in addition to the PS command in this example, there is a potential advantage that the PS command need not be read by a receiving device that is to enter or remain in Deep Sleep mode.
[0113] PS indications may be transmitted in the form of radio resource control (RRC) message with specific field (s) dedicated to the function of power consumption / power saving. These fields indicate to the terrestrial TRP which power mode it is supposed to be operating in and / or what power consumption it is supposed to be operating at.
[0114] In some examples, some aspects of the Deep Sleep Mode may be configurable. In a first example: when a terrestrial TRP is in Deep Sleep Mode, it is only periodically monitoring for Wake-Up indications (commands) , where such Wake-Up indications are assumed to be PC indications indicating the terrestrial TRP to go to TRP ON Mode or to TRP Full Power Mode. There are specific time instances where the terrestrial TRP monitors for Wake-Up indications, and if it doesn’t detect any Wake-Up indications then the terrestrial TRP goes back to sleep until the next Wake-Up indications monitoring occasion. In a second example: when a terrestrial TRP is in Deep Sleep Mode, the terrestrial TRP sleeps for a given time duration which is configured by, for example, the non-terrestrial TRP, and once the given time duration has elapsed, the terrestrial TRP goes to either TRP ON or TRP Full Power Mode. Other behaviors may be contemplated.
[0115] The following embodiments are detailed examples for the PS indication. For example, embodiment 2, 3, and 4 shows where the T-TRPs find PS indications. The PS indications can be provided in various ways (SSBs, MIB, SIB, DCI, RRC, and so on) .
[0116] Embodiment 2 -Power Saving Raster for SS / PBCH blocks carrying PS Indications
[0117] Terrestrial TRPs operating in the Deep Sleep mode are expected to monitor for Power Consumption indications (or equivalently Power Saving indications) . Terrestrial TRPs monitor PS indications from non-terrestrial TRPs in the downward link. Terrestrial TRPs are not expected to know where to find PS indications unless that information is made available somehow.
[0118] In order to assist terrestrial TRPs with finding PS indications while a terrestrial TRP is in Deep Sleep mode, a power saving raster is devised in order to assist terrestrial TRPs with their function of PS indication monitoring. The power saving raster may be expressed as a table which contains entries indicating the frequency position / location where terrestrial TRPs can expect to find PS indications transmitted by non-terrestrial TRPs.
[0119] In a first example, PS indications are embedded within physical layer signals such as primary synchronization signals (PSS) or secondary synchronization signals (SSS) . Non-terrestrial TRPs are transmitting SS / PBCH blocks towards terrestrial TRPs located on the ground. SS / PBCH blocks have a center frequency and they are transmitted with a given periodicity, for example every 10 seconds in pre-determined time locations. As an example: PS indications in SS / PBCH block locations can be sent in slot 0 and slot 6 in every 1000 frames (Assuming that one radio frame has a duration of 10 milli-seconds) . The PS raster is assumed to have integer values indicating a given frequency position. The following Table 2 is an example of a PS raster with 4 entries:
[0120] Table 2: Example of PS Raster
[0121] The above PS raster effectively indicates to terrestrial TRPs that SS / PBCH blocks embedding PS indication bits within the synchronization signal sequences can be found in any of the center frequencies in {10.01; 10.11; 10.21; 10.31} GHz. The mapping between the frequency position (denoted as “A” in the table above) and the center frequency value of a SS / PBCH block carrying a PS indication (denoted as “fSSB” in the table above) is given as:
[0122] fSSB = A *10 MHz + B
[0123] where A is a unit-less integer number and B is an integer number in units of MHz. In the above example, A denotes the frequency position of the SS / PBCH block and B represents an offset in the frequency domain and is assumed to be equal to 10 GHz. The visualization of the information in the PS raster above is further shown in Fig. 10.
[0124] Please note that 10MHz shown in the above formula could be another value, for example 20MHz.
[0125] Embodiments are also not limited to B = 10 GHz.
[0126] Fig. 10 also illustrates a PS raster more generally, and is not limited to any particular frequency position / location or offset. The example in Fig. 10 is a four-frequency PS raster, consistent with Table 2 but not limited to particular frequency values, indicating four frequencies that can be scanned for SS / PBCH blocks carrying PS commands.
[0127] In a second example, PS indications are included in the master information block (MIB) carried in the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) . Non-terrestrial TRPs are transmitting SS / PBCH blocks towards terrestrial TRPs located on the ground. SS / PBCH blocks have a center frequency and they are transmitted with a given periodicity, for example every 5 seconds in pre-determined time locations. As an example: assuming a slot size of 1 milli-second (for example, the subcarrier space is 15KHz) and a set of 1000 radio frames (10 seconds) , PS indications in SS / PBCH block locations can be sent in the first slot of the first radio frame and the first slot of the five-hundredth radio frame, where we assume that a radio frame is made of 10 tens and therefore has a duration of 10 milli-seconds and 1000 radio frames corresponding to a duration of 10 seconds. In this example, the PS indications are effectively transmitted every 5 seconds.
[0128] The master information block (MIB) may include a field called “PS indication” . The “PS indication” field has a 2-bit bitwidth and may take values within {00; 01; 10; 11} , where “00” means that the terrestrial TRP should enter Deep Sleep mode, “01” means that the terrestrial TRP should enter TRP ON at 50%power consumption mode, “10” means that the terrestrial TRP should enter TRP ON at 75%power consumption mode and “11” means the terrestrial TRP should enter TRP at Full Power mode. More details have been shown above and will not mentioned again. Other examples can be contemplated where the “PS indication” field has a 1-bit bitwidth where “0” means the terrestrial TRP should enter Deep Sleep mode and “1” means the terrestrial TRP should enter TRP at Full Power mode. Other examples can be contemplated where the “PS indication” field has a n-bit bitwidth (where n is an integer value larger than 2) where different values correspond to different TRP power modes with different power consumption regimes. In this context, Power Consumption regimes should be understood as the power consumption operating within an upper bound and a lower bound for the power consumption. An example of a MIB carrying the “PS indication” with a bitwidth of 2 is shown below using abstract syntax notation one ASN. 1 (the PS indication is shown in bold as “psCommand” as an example) :
[0129] In some examples, the MIB carrying the field called “PS indication” is meant for a given group of terrestrial TRPs on the ground. Different terrestrial TRPs that belong to the network of an operator may be organized into logical groups. These logical groups may constitute for instance what we call a “cell” , in the sense that within the geographic area where these terrestrial TRPs belonging to the same group are located, all the UEs are able to detect physical layer signals which are generated based on the same physical layer cell identity (PCI) . The MIB may include a field called “TRP Group ID” which is set to a value which indicates which group of TRPs the PS indication is intended for. In a first example: if a terrestrial TRP detects and decodes a MIB carrying a “PS indication” but with a “TRP Group ID” that is different than the one that the terrestrial TRP is configured with, then the terrestrial TRP doesn’t apply the PS indication (for example, ignore the indication) . In a second example: if a terrestrial TRP detects and decodes a MIB carrying a “PS indication” and with a “TRP Group ID” that is the same as the one that the terrestrial TRP is configured with, then the terrestrial TRP applies the PS indication. An example of a MIB carrying the “TRP Group ID” with a bitwidth of 10 is shown below using ASN. 1 (the TRP Group ID is shown in bold) :
[0130] In some examples, the MIB carrying the field called “PS indication” is meant for an individual terrestrial TRP on the ground. Individual terrestrial TRPs that belong to the network of an operator may have unique identities or identifiers which are known to the non-terrestrial TRP transmitting the MIB. The MIB may include a field called “TRP ID” which is set to a value which indicates which terrestrial TRP the PS indication is intended for. In a first example: if a terrestrial TRP detects and decodes a MIB carrying a “PS indication” but with a “TRP ID” that is different than the one that the terrestrial TRP is configured with, then the terrestrial TRP doesn’t apply the PS indication. In a second example: if a terrestrial TRP detects and decodes a MIB carrying a “PS indication” and with a “TRP ID” that is the same as the one that the terrestrial TRP is configured with, then the terrestrial TRP applies the PS indication. An example of a MIB carrying the “TRP ID” with a bitwidth of 10 is shown below using ASN. 1 (the TRP ID is shown in bold) :
[0131] The above examples of transmitting PS indications can be understood as examples where the non-terrestrial TRP is effectively “paging” terrestrial TRPs on the ground and attempting to reach a given terrestrial TRP or a plurality of terrestrial TRPs.
[0132] Embodiment 3 -Power Saving Raster for PS CORESET -Power Saving Control Information
[0133] In this embodiment, terrestrial TRPs operating in the Deep Sleep mode are expected to monitor for PC indications that are transmitted in the form of Control Information transmitted in a physical layer control channel in the Downward link. These Control Information may be mapped on a control resource set (CORESET) that occupy some time and frequency resources on a given frequency band. The CORESET may be further divided into search spaces, where control information for power saving may be potentially mapped to. For the remainder of this document, control information for power saving are referred to as “Power Saving Control Information (PSCI) ” or “PSCI (also called PSCI format) ” .
[0134] In order to assist terrestrial TRPs with finding PSCI while a terrestrial TRP is in Deep Sleep mode, a Power Saving raster is devised in order to assist terrestrial TRPs with their function of PSCI format monitoring. The Power Saving raster may be expressed as a table which contains entries indicating the frequency position where terrestrial TRPs can expect to find PS CORESETs (that is, the CORESETs for PSCI) . Additionally, terrestrial TRPs are also provided with information regarding search spaces within PS CORESETs, such that terrestrial TRPs have some knowledge about the size of a given search spaces (for example in number of time / frequency resource element or so-called “control channel element” ) and the location of a given search space. Search spaces within the PS CORESET may have a pre-determined configuration, for example each search space may have a pre-determined number of control channel elements (CCEs) . Depending on the pre-determined number of CCEs, the location of each search space within the PS CORESET may also be pre-determined. In the context of this disclosure, the pre-determined configuration should be understood as the NT-TRP (s) and / or network elements within the core network having determined the configuration for aspects related to search spaces within the PS CORESET, such as the number of control channel elements within the search spaces of the PS CORESET and / or the location each search space within the PS CORESET, before providing the configuration of those Search Spaces to terrestrial TRPs using, for example, non-access stratum (NAS) layers or using some other protocol layer to provide this configuration.
[0135] In a first example, the Power Saving raster contains entries indicating the position of the lowest frequency subcarrier of the PS CORESET. We assume that the PS CORESET has a fixed and pre-defined bandwidth, which can be numbered in units of for example Hz, in number of Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers or in number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) where one PRB is made of an integer number of OFDM subcarriers. One PRB may be made of twelve OFDM subcarriers in the frequency domain, however other numbers and configurations can be contemplated. The PS CORESET may have a fixed and pre-defined time duration, which can be numbered in units of for example seconds, in mill-seconds, in micro-seconds, in nano-seconds, in number of OFDM symbols or in an integer number of groups of OFDM symbols. One PRB may be made of fourteen OFDM symbols in the time domain. In the context of this embodiment, it is assumed that the PS CORESET has a bandwidth of 5 MHz and has a time duration of 3 OFDM symbols. The PS raster is assumed to have integer values indicating a given frequency position / location. Table 3 is an example of a PS raster with 3 entries:
[0136] Table 3: Example PS Raster
[0137] The above PS raster effectively indicates to terrestrial TRPs that PSCI can be found in search spaces inside PS CORESETs whose lowest subcarrier frequencies are located at {20.05; 20.55; 21.05} GHz. The mapping between the frequency position (denoted as “A” in the table above) and the center frequency value of a SS / PBCH block carrying a PS command (denoted as “fPS” in the table above) is given as:
[0138] fPS-CORESET = A *50 MHz + B
[0139] where A is a unit-less integer number and B is an integer number in units of MHz. In the above example, A denotes the lowest frequency position of the PS CORESET and B represents an offset in the frequency domain and is assumed to be equal to 20 GHz. The visualization of the information in the PS raster above is further shown in Fig. 11.
[0140] 50MHz shown in the above formula could be another value, and embodiments are also not limited to B = 20 GHz. Fig. 11 also illustrates a PS raster more generally, and is not limited to any particular frequency position / location or offset. The example in Fig. 11 is a three-frequency PS raster, consistent with Table 3 but not limited to particular frequency values, indicating three frequencies in search spaces within PS CORESETs that can be scanned to monitor for PC commands.
[0141] PSCI (also called PSCS format) may include one or more fields for the purpose of power saving. In one example, a PSCI format may include one field called “PS Power Mode” , which may be a two-bit field which is set to “00” to indicate to the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest that it needs to go to Deep Sleep mode, respectively it is set to “01” to indicate to the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest that it needs to go to TRP ON mode, respectively it is set to “10” to indicate to the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest that it needs to go to TRP Full Power mode, respectively it is set to “11” to indicate to the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest that it should stay in its current mode of operation.
[0142] The PSCI format may include one field called “Tx Power” , which may be a n-bit field where n is an integer number that is higher than 1 and the n-bit field is used to indicate quantized values of Transmit Power that the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest is (are) expected to operate at. It should be noted that the presence of the “Tx Power” field is conditional on the “PS Power Mode” field being set to “01” otherwise the PSCI format would be considered as invalid by the terrestrial TRP.
[0143] The PSCI format may include one field called “Functions” , which may be a n-bit field where n is an integer number that is higher than 1 and the n-bit field is used to indicate which functions the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest is (are) expected to be running to support the UEs under their coverage area. In a first example, the “Functions” field may be a bitmap where each individual bit corresponds to a given wireless communication function, let’s assume in this example that a terrestrial TRP is running the functions of {System Information transmission; Paging; Radio Resource Management; Radio Link Monitoring; Beam Management; CSI feedback; Data Transmission} . In one example, the ordering of the functions follows the above, meaning the most significant bit (MSB) corresponds to System Information transmission and the least significant bit (LSB) corresponds to Data transmission. The “Functions” field may be set to the value “1110000” which instructs the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest to run the functions of System Information transmission, Paging and Radio Resource Management, but not the functions of Radio Link Monitoring, Beam Management, CSI feedback and Data transmission. Other examples may use quantized values where the quantized value may indicate a certain combination of functions which are running and other functions that are not running.
[0144] Embodiment 4 -Power Saving Raster for PS BWP -SIB
[0145] In this embodiment, terrestrial TRPs operating in the Deep Sleep mode are expected to monitor for Power Consumption commands (or equivalently Power Saving commands) that are transmitted in the form of System Information Block (SIB) messages transmitted in a physical layer data channel in the Downward link. These SIB messages may be mapped on a PS Bandwidth Part (BWP) that occupies some time and frequency resources on a given frequency band. Each PS BWP may further include some resources for a PS CORESET, such that a control channel carrying a control information may schedule a data channel carrying a PS SIB indication (that is, PS indications in SIB) .
[0146] In order to assist terrestrial TRPs with finding PS SIB indication while a terrestrial TRP is in Deep Sleep mode, a Power Saving raster is devised in order to assist terrestrial TRPs with their function of PS SIB indication monitoring. The Power Saving raster is a table which contains entries indicating the frequency position where terrestrial TRPs can expect to find PS BWPs. Additionally, terrestrial TRPs are also provided with information regarding PS CORESETs, such that terrestrial TRPs have some knowledge about where the Control Information message scheduling a data channel carrying a PS SIB command may be located. It should be understood that in the context of this embodiment, for a terrestrial TRP to monitor for PS SIB commands implies that the terrestrial TRP is also monitoring control channel transmissions which transmits Control Information that schedule a data channel transmission carrying the PS SIB indication. In some examples, we may assume that the data channel transmission carries more than one PS SIB indication.
[0147] In a first example, the Power Saving raster contains entries indicating the position of the lowest frequency subcarrier of the PS BWP. We assume that the PS BWP has a fixed and pre-defined bandwidth, which can be numbered in units of for example Hz, in number of OFDM subcarriers or in number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) where one PRB is made of an integer number of OFDM subcarriers. One PRB is made of twelve OFDM subcarriers in the frequency domain, however other numbers and configurations can be contemplated. It is assumed that the PS CORESET has a fixed and pre-defined time duration, which can be numbered in units of for example seconds, in mill-seconds, in micro-seconds, in nano-seconds, in number of OFDM symbols or in an integer number of groups of OFDM symbols. One PRB is made of fourteen OFDM symbols in the time domain. In the context of this embodiment, we assume that the PS BWP has a bandwidth of 10 MHz and has a time duration of 14 OFDM symbols. The PS raster is assumed to have integer values indicating a given frequency position / location. Table 4 is an example of a PS raster with 2 entries:
[0148] Table 4: Example PS Raster
[0149] The above PS raster effectively indicates to terrestrial TRPs that PSCI formats can be found in search spaces inside PS CORESETs whose lowest subcarrier frequencies are located at {20.2; 24.2} GHz. The mapping between the frequency position (denoted as “A” in the table above) and the center frequency value of a SS / PBCH block carrying a PS command (denoted as “fPS-BWP” in the table above) is given as:
[0150] fPS-BWP = A *200 MHz + B
[0151] where A is a unit-less integer number and B is an integer number in units of MHz. In the above example, A denotes the lowest frequency position of the PS BWP and B represents an offset in the frequency domain and is assumed to be equal to 20 GHz. The visualization of the information in the PS raster above is further shown in Fig. 12.
[0152] 200MHz shown in the above formula could be another value, and embodiments are also not limited to B = 20 GHz. Fig. 12 also illustrates a PS raster more generally, and is not limited to any particular frequency position / location or offset. The example in Fig. 12 is a two-frequency PS raster, consistent with Table 4 but not limited to particular frequency values, indicating two frequencies within PS BWPs that can be scanned to monitor for PC commands.
[0153] PS SIB messages may include one or more fields for the purpose of power saving. In one example, the PS SIB message may include one field called “PS Power Mode” , which may be a two-bit field which is set to “00” to indicate to the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest that it needs to go to Deep Sleep mode, respectively it is set to “01” to indicate to the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest that it needs to go to TRP ON mode, respectively it is set to “10” to indicate to the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest that it needs to go to TRP Full Power mode, respectively it is set to “11” to indicate to the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest that it should stay in its current mode of operation. In another example, the field “PS Power Mode” is an enumeration that can take one or more values in {deepSleep, trpOn, trpFullPower} , where deepSleep indicates Deep Sleep mode, trpOn indicates TRP ON mode and trpFullPower indicates TRP Full Power mode.
[0154] The PS SIB message may include one field called “Tx Power” , which may be the “Tx Power” may take integer values within {-30; 60} where the unit of the integer value is in the decibel domain. It should be noted that the presence of the “Tx Power” field is conditional on the “PS Power Mode” field being set to trpOn otherwise the PS SIB message would be considered as invalid by the terrestrial TRP.
[0155] The PS SIB message may include one field called “Functions” , which may be a n-bit field where n is an integer number that is higher than 1 and the n-bit field is used to indicate which functions the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest is (are) expected to be running to support the UEs under their coverage area. In a first example, the “Functions” field may be a bitmap where each individual bit corresponds to a given wireless communication function. In this example, a terrestrial TRP is running the functions of {System Information transmission; Paging; Radio Resource Management; Radio Link Monitoring; Beam Management; CSI feedback; Data Transmission} . The ordering of the functions may follow the above, meaning the most significant bit (MSB) corresponds to System Information transmission and the least significant bit (LSB) corresponds to Data transmission. The “Functions” field may be set to the value “1110000” which instructs the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest to run the functions of System Information transmission, Paging and Radio Resource Management, but not the functions of Radio Link Monitoring, Beam Management, CSI feedback and Data transmission. Other examples may use quantized values where the quantized value may indicate a certain combination of functions which are running and other functions that are not running. In another example, the field “Functions” is an enumeration that can take one or more values in {si, paging, rrm, rlm, bm, csi, dataTx} , where si indicates the function of System Information reception, paging indicates Paging reception, rrm indicates Radio Resource Management, rlm indicates Radio Link Monitoring, bm indicates Beam Management, csi indicates CSI feedback and dataTx indicates data transmission.
[0156] The PS SIB message may include a field called “TRP ID” which is set to a value which indicates which terrestrial TRP the PS command is intended for. In a first example: if a terrestrial TRP detects and decodes a PS SIB carrying a “TRP ID” that is different than the one that the terrestrial TRP is configured with, then the terrestrial TRP doesn’t apply the PS command. In a second example: if a terrestrial TRP detects and decodes a PS SIB carrying a “TRP ID” that is the same as the one that the terrestrial TRP is configured with, then the terrestrial TRP applies the PS command. In another example, the field “TRP ID” may be an integer value that can take values within {0; 1000000} .
[0157] The PS SIB message may include a field called “TRP Group ID” which is set to a value which indicates which terrestrial TRP group the PS command is intended for. In a first example: if a terrestrial TRP detects and decodes a PS SIB carrying a “TRP Group ID” that is different than the one that the terrestrial TRP is configured with, then the terrestrial TRP doesn’t apply the PS command. In a second example: if a terrestrial TRP detects and decodes a PS SIB carrying a “TRP Group ID” that is the same as the one that the terrestrial TRP is configured with, then the terrestrial TRP applies the PS command. In another example, the field “TRP Group ID” may be an integer value that can take values within {0; 10000} .
[0158] An example of the PS SIB is provided below using Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN. 1) :
[0159] Although this example includes both trpId and trpGroupId, more generally either or both of these fields may be provided, depending on network implementation for example. In embodiments in which TRPs have globally unique IDs, trpId alone is sufficient to identify a TRP. In other embodiments, TRPs may reuse IDs but belong to different groups, in which case trpId and trpGroupId may be included. The following is another example, in which trpId and trpGroupId are labelled as “OPTIONAL” , to illustrate that a PS SIB may contain either or both fields, depending on the network implementation for example.
[0160] The PS SIB field may be included in the MIB, such that all fields in a PS SIB would be found in the MIB.
[0161] Please note that in present disclosure, PS raster is predefined in the system, the T-TRPs may store PS raster in their own memory.
[0162] Embodiment 5 -Default Beam Angular Information Range
[0163] In this embodiment, terrestrial TRPs operating in the Deep Sleep mode are expected to monitor for Power Consumption commands (or equivalently Power Saving commands) . Non-terrestrial TRPs such as satellites typically operate within the scope of a so-called constellation made of multiple orbits. Within each orbit, there may be multiple non-terrestrial TRPs and different non-terrestrial TRPs will be seen at different times by the terrestrial TRPs.
[0164] Orbits are typically “static” in the sense that they are designed and chosen such that worldwide coverage can be provided in a seamless manner and also such that non-terrestrial TRPs don’t collide with each-other. Typically, there will be at least one orbit which be providing coverage to a group of terrestrial TRPs on the ground and terrestrial TRPs can be provided with a range of default Beam Angular Information (BAI) values in order to assist terrestrial TRPs.
[0165] The default Beam Angular Information (BAI) informs terrestrial TRPs on the ground about where to steer their Rx / Tx beams to monitor for PS commands. Steering their Rx / Tx beams in the direction indicated within the default BAI range allows the terrestrial TRPs to steer their Rx / Tx beams in positions where the satellite orbit is located, which allows to reduce beam sweeping efforts. This is shown in Fig. 13.
[0166] In Fig. 13, the TN-NTN system includes three T-TRPs 1302, 1304, 1306 that provide network service within respective coverage areas 1312, 1314, 1316, and three NT-TRPs 1320, 1322, 1324 on a satellite orbit.
[0167] The default BAI range information may be provided to terrestrial TRPs in the form of a table or a codebook. Each entry within the BAI range corresponds to a quantized value where the quantized value corresponds to a given Azimuth / Zenith range. Using Zenith angles as an example, Fig. 13 is an example of a default BAI range that may be provided to terrestrial TRPs in the form of a codebook:
[0168] Table 5: codebook
[0169] Using the codebook in above Table 5 and Fig. 13 as an example, every terrestrial TRP is using the value of 3 for the default Zenith BAI, which corresponds to the range of {-5; 0} degrees. This effectively means that the terrestrial TRPs are always steering their Rx / Tx beams with the Zenith angle range of {-5; 0} . The default BAI range may be provided to terrestrial TRPs using, for example, Non-Access Stratum configuration which is then communicated to lower layers of the terrestrial TRPs. Other means of configuration can be contemplated. The default BAI range may be provided to terrestrial TRPs also using, for example, Non-Access Stratum means of configuration. The default BAI may also be explicitly captured in a specification document and terrestrial TRPs are simply provided with a default entry corresponding to one of the entries in the table which is stored in the TRP’s memory.
[0170] In the context of this embodiment, the concept of “Default Beam Angular Information range” should be understood as an “angular range” . Using the example of the codebook, each code (or bit value) corresponds to an angular range of 5 degrees. For instance: if a terrestrial TRP is provided with the code “011” then the instruction means that angular range for the beam in the Zenith direction should be between -5 degrees and 0 degrees. It should be noted that multiple such codebooks may exist and each codebook uses a different angular range, for example 2 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 45 degrees, and so on. However it is anticipated that there would be at least one “default” angular range which is chosen as a default because the angular range allows for good performance in terms of wireless communications and keeps beam sweeping reasonably small. One example assumption is that the angular range in the Zenith BAI table / codebook corresponds to the Rx / Tx beam’s half power beam width. Other examples or definitions of the angular range may be contemplated.
[0171] In some examples, there may be multiple “Default BAI ranges” , in which case terrestrial TRPs may be provided with a codebook index, which identifies one codebook out of the multiple codebooks. This allows the terrestrial TRP to know which is the “active” codebook being used for deriving the default BAI.
[0172] In an alternative example, the default BAI may indicate angular directions in which the Rx / Tx beam should be directed, and the Table 6 below shows an example as follows:
[0173] Table 6
[0174] It should be noted that the above example is no longer a “range” as discussed and introduced in the earlier example. This example covers the exact angle of the boresight of the Rx / Tx beam generated by the terrestrial TRP in the Zenith domain, however the terrestrial TRP may generate its Rx / Tx beam with any beamwidth it chooses. That is, the half power beam-width may be any value that the terrestrial TRP may decide.
[0175] In some embodiments, the Power Saving commands are transmitted in the form of Paging messages, where the terrestrial TRP (s) of interest monitor for control channels from non-terrestrial TRPs carrying Control Information that schedule data channels carrying one or more Paging messages. Paging messages may also be referred to as “Paging records” . Each Paging message may include a TRP identity, uniquely identifying the terrestrial TRP for which the Paging message is intended for, the TRP identity may be an integer value higher than zero; the Paging message may include a TRP group identity, uniquely identifying a group of terrestrial TRPs for which the Paging message is intended for, the TRP group identity may be an integer value higher than zero; the Paging message may include a Paging cause, indicating that the Paging message is for the function of Power Saving or Power Consumption, the Paging cause can be a text value saying, for example, “PowerSaving” ; the Paging message may include a PS command, indicating the type of the power command, the power mode the terrestrial TRP or group of terrestrial TRPs should go towards and other fields which were described in earlier embodiments. In one example, the unique identification of a terrestrial TRP within a group of terrestrial TRPs may be understood as the terrestrial TRP having a unique identifier within the group. In another example, the unique identification of a terrestrial TRP within a group of terrestrial TRPs may be understood as the terrestrial TRP having a unique identifier within the entire network of terrestrial TRPs.
[0176] In some embodiments, the terrestrial TRPs may indicate its capability in terms of Power Consumption or Power Saving to the non-terrestrial TRPs. The capability may be reported directly to the non-terrestrial TRP via the Upward Link or via the Core Network. The capability may indicate which how much time the terrestrial TRP would need in order to apply the Power Saving command.
[0177] In some embodiments, the terrestrial TRPs may indicate its capability in terms of applying a Power Saving command to the non-terrestrial TRP. The Power Saving command application time capability may be described as a time interval in, for example, seconds, milli-seconds, micro-seconds, nano-seconds, or some other unit of time. Upon reception of a Power Saving command from a non-terrestrial TRP, the terrestrial TRP may start a timer and apply the Power Saving command. The terrestrial TRP is expected to have fully applied the Power Saving command by the Power Saving command application time has elapsed.
[0178] In some embodiments, the terrestrial TRPs may be provided with a default BAI range for the Azimuth angle and the Zenith angle. The default BAI for the Azimuth domain may be similarly provided to the terrestrial TRP through Non-Access Stratum, together with the default BAI for the Zenith domain.
[0179] In some embodiments, the Power Saving raster may be interpreted as a predefined time and / or frequency locations. The previous embodiments showed a plurality of frequency locations for, for example, SS / PBCH blocks carrying PS commands, PS CORESETs where PS commands are mapped, PS BWPs where PS commands are mapped.
[0180] In some embodiments, the terrestrial TRP that is in “Deep Sleep” mode may remain in this mode for a given duration of time. This given duration of time may be defined as a “Sleeping cycle” . After the “sleeping cycle” has elapsed, the terrestrial TRP is expected to wake up again and transition to any one of {TRP ON; TRP Full Power} modes.
[0181] In summary, the present disclosure could address at least one of two specific problems:
[0182] 1) Managing to achieve seamless worldwide coverage as well as meeting carbon neutrality goals
[0183] 2) Managing power consumption in integrated TN / NTN scenarios and use-cases.
[0184] As non-terrestrial TRPs are moving along their orbit, if terrestrial TRPs go to sleep for a long time, then when the terrestrial TRPs are monitoring for Power Saving commands they need to re-acquire synchronization with the non-terrestrial TRP in order to assist with the monitoring of Power Saving commands.
[0185] The present disclosure discloses methods for power modes for terrestrial TRPs for the function of Power Saving at the network side:
[0186] 1) TRP power modes, where terrestrial TRPs can be in any one of {TRP Full Power; TRP ON; Deep Sleep} modes.
[0187] 2) Deep sleep mode for terrestrial TRPs, where the deep sleep mode is the mode where terrestrial TRPs perform no Communication or Sensing functions towards UEs on the ground, the terrestrial TRP monitors for Power Saving commands, which are effectively Wake-Up commands.
[0188] 3) Default Beam Angular Information (BAI) for terrestrial TRPs, where the default BAI is a quantized Azimuth and / or Zenith beam angular indication for terrestrial TRPs to steer their transmit / receive beam corresponding to the indicated BAI.
[0189] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement the method of the present disclosure.
[0190] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement the method of the present disclosure.
[0191] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus / chipset system comprising means to implement the method implemented by a device of the present disclosure.
[0192] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a system comprising at least two different devices or apparatus of at least two different devices.
[0193] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus / chipset system comprising at least one processor executing instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method implemented by a device of the present disclosure.
[0194] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0195] Please note that the different embodiments may be implemented separately or combined. Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one of the Figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the Figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
[0196] Although this disclosure has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
[0197] Overview
[0198] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described herein and shown in the drawings by way of example. Fig. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating more general example methods according to embodiments.
[0199] At the left, 1400 in Fig. 14 illustrates operations or features that may be provided or supported at a communication device that may operate in different operating modes that are associated with different levels of power consumption. At the right, 1450 illustrates operations or features that may be provided or supported at a communication device that manages or controls such operating modes. For ease of reference, in the following description of Fig. 14, a communication device that may operate in such different operating modes may be referred to as a first communication device, and a communication device that manages or controls such operating modes may be referred to as a second communication device. Embodiments may involve either or both of such devices.
[0200] With reference first to 1400, the receiving at 1404 represents receiving monitoring information at a communication device in a communication network. Monitoring information refers to information that is associated with monitoring for an indication of an operating mode in which the communication device is to operate. The operating mode is one of multiple operating modes in which the communication device is able to operate, and the multiple operating modes are associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the communication device.
[0201] Monitoring for the indication, at the communication device, is shown at 1406, and at 1408 Fig. 14 illustrates operating the communication device in the operating mode, responsive to detecting the indication during the monitoring at 1406.
[0202] The present disclosure refers primarily to “monitoring” for an indication and operating a communication device in an operating mode responsive to “detecting” the indication. These features may be referred to in different ways, such as “scanning” or “checking” instead of “monitoring” , and / or “receiving” instead of “detecting” , for example. Similarly, “responsive to” is intended to convey a notion of cause or causality, and may also be referred to in other terms, such as “as a result of” or “caused by” , for example.
[0203] Some embodiments may also involve receiving, at the communication device, a configuration of the operating modes for the communication device. This is illustrated as an optional operation at 1402. Operating modes need not necessarily be configured for the communication device, and may be an implementation detail.
[0204] The operating modes may include, for example, a first power mode with an associated first power consumption level, a second power mode with an associated second power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level, and a third power mode with an associated third power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level and lower than the second power consumption level. With reference to Fig. 9 as an example, the Deep Sleep Mode is one example of such a first power mode, the TRP Full Power mode is one example of such a second power mode, and the TRP ON mode is one example of such a third power mode. Another three-mode example provided above includes a Deep Sleep power mode, and On mode, and a Full Power mode. More or fewer operating modes, with the same, similar, or different names, may be provided in other embodiments.
[0205] Any or all of the operating modes may have upper and / or lower power bounds, which may also be referred to as power limits or power thresholds, for example. Although there may be one or more operating modes associated with reduced power consumption levels relative to a higher power consumption level of one or more other operating modes, power consumption may be lower-bounded in an operating mode associated with reduced power consumption. In the above example, the first power consumption level and the third power consumption level are reduced relative to the second power consumption level. The first power consumption level or the third power consumption level (or both) may be lower-bounded, based on requirements to be met during operation of the communication device in the first power mode and / or the third power mode. Lower-bounded power consumption may be useful to ensure that basic or minimum functional requirements or services for an operating mode can be met. Power consumption may also or instead be upper-bounded, based on limitations in terms of power consumption that a network operator is trying to enforce in terms of meeting carbon neutrality goals or sustainability goals, for example.
[0206] Operating modes may be managed at the communication device in any of various ways, and in some embodiments the operating modes are managed in a state machine. An example of a state machine, including states that correspond to respective operating modes and transition conditions for transitioning between those states, is shown in Fig. 9. In the example shown in Fig. 5, the terrestrial TRP can transit from any one state within {Deep Sleep Mode; TRP ON Mode; TRP Full Power Mode} based on PC indications (or equivalently PS indications) . Such modes and transitions, and operating modes and transitions more generally, are not in any way limited to these particular modes or transitions, or to modes or transitions for TRPs or any other type of communication device.
[0207] An indication of operating mode may be received (and transmitted by another communication device) in any of various forms. For example, in some embodiments the indication may be transmitted (and received) in the form of embedded bits within a binary sequence, as described at least above in the context of PS indications as an example. An indication may be transmitted (and received) in the form of physical layer control information with specific field (s) dedicated to the function of power consumption / power saving, again as described least above in the context of PS indications as an example.
[0208] These examples in respect of PS indications, and other examples herein, are also illustrative of embodiments in which an indication may be a value, of a number of values respectively associated with the operating modes, to indicate the operating mode in which the communication device is to operate. A 2-bit PS command value as described herein is another example of an indication in the form of a value that indicates one of multiple operating modes in which a communication device is to operate.
[0209] An operating mode indication may be carried in a control information field, and Table 1 above provides one example in which the indication includes a first field (PS Deep Sleep bit) to indicate whether the communication device is to operate in a first operating mode (Deep Sleep mode) of the multiple operating modes, and a second field (PS command) for a value associated with a second operating mode of the multiple operating modes where the communication device is not to operate in that first operating mode. Table 1 is in the context of an indication that is transmitted (and received) in the form of a MAC-CE command with specific field (s) dedicated to the function of power consumption / power saving. An indication may be consistent with the Power Consumption MAC-CE shown in Table 1 in some embodiments. Table 1 is an example only. Possible variations include the following, for example:
[0210] different ordering of one or more fields;
[0211] different sizes of one or more fields;
[0212] more fields than shown;
[0213] fewer fields than shown.
[0214] Other features related to modes or indications described herein may also or instead be provided in some embodiments. Embodiment 1 above, for example, includes other features that may be provided in respect of modes. Embodiment 1 also includes other features of PS indications or PC commands, which are examples of indications. Features disclosed in the context of PS indications or PC commands may be extended more generally to indications of operating modes.
[0215] Several embodiments that are disclosed at least above relate to rasters. Raster embodiments may be referred to generally as embodiments in which information associated with monitoring (for an indication) is consistent with a raster of frequencies for monitoring at a communication device. A power saving raster may be expressed as a table which contains entries indicating the frequency position / location where a communication device can expect to find indications transmitted other communication devices. The above-referenced information associated with monitoring may thus be in the form of entries of a raster table, with the entries indicating frequencies for monitoring at a communication device. Here, and elsewhere herein, monitoring information consistent with a raster table need not necessarily be or include the raster table entries. For example, monitoring information may be in the form of a table index or pointer (or more than one table index or pointer) to an entry (or more than one entry) in a table that has been stored or is otherwise available at a receiving communication device. A raster table entry can then be obtained based on the (or each) index or pointer. In some embodiments, there may be multiple raster tables, and monitoring information may include a table indicator or identifier to indicate which of the multiple tables is to be used, and a table index or pointer to identify the (or each) table entry in that table that is to be used. The multiple raster tables in this latter example may be of the same type or different types.
[0216] Table 2 above is an example of a PS raster in the form of a table with entries indicating frequencies for monitoring. Other embodiments may include different entries and / or different numbers of entries, in a similar or different order than shown.
[0217] The example PS raster in Table 2 indicates that SS / PBCH blocks embedding PS indication bits within the synchronization signal sequences can be found in any of the center frequencies in {10.01; 10.11; 10.21; 10.31} GHz. This example may also be described as being based on or indicative of a mapping between the frequency position (denoted as “A” in Table 2) and the center frequency value of a SS / PBCH block carrying a PS indication (denoted as “fSSB” ) . The mapping is consistent with the above formula:
[0218] fSSB = A *10 MHz + B,
[0219] which is an illustrative example. Embodiments are not limited to only this formula. For example, center frequencies may be spaced apart by other than multiples of 10 MHz, and / or an offset frequency may be different from 10 GHz, and / or a formula or mapping may be different.
[0220] In some embodiments, information associated with monitoring may include a parameter, or more generally one or more parameters such as A and / or B in the above example, of a formula from which the frequencies for monitoring are obtainable.
[0221] MIB and SIB examples in Embodiment 2 above are illustrative of embodiments in which the frequencies for monitoring at a communication device include center frequency values of an SS / PBCH block. These examples are provided for PS indications, but apply more generally to indications of operating mode.
[0222] A MIB may be carried in the PBCH, and may and include a field to carry an indication, and the PS indication field referenced in Embodiment 2 above is one example of such a field. Embodiment 2 also provides examples of values of an indication field in a MIB, and an example of a MIB carrying a PS indication (labelled “psCommand” ) in a 2-bit wide field as well. The MIB example above also includes other information, as would be expected in a MIB. The contents of a MIB may be implementation-dependent. For example, any one or more of the following may be different from the example shown: name, size, location within a MIB, number (s) of other MIB fields, type (s) of other MIB fields.
[0223] A MIB may also include a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the communication device. For example, a MIB may be meant for a group of TRPs as described at least above, or more generally for a group of communication devices. A MIB carrying a field for an operating mode indication may also include a field for a value that indicates a group of devices for which the indication is intended and to which the indication is to apply. Embodiment 2 above provides an example of a 10-bit wide field trpGroupId. This example is provided for TRPs, but may be extended to other types of communication device. A MIB example is also provided in Embodiment 2, and other embodiments may include similar or different MIB fields, in a similar or different order.
[0224] A MIB may be meant for an individual communication device, such as one TRP as also described at least above. Another example of a field to indicate whether an operating mode indication applies to a communication device is a field to carry an individual device identifier, such as trpId in an example provided above in Embodiment 2. As noted for other examples, this example in Embodiment 2 is provided for TRPs but may be extended to other types of communication device, and other embodiments may include similar or different MIB fields, in a similar or different order.
[0225] An Embodiment 3 above relates to CORESETs, and accordingly in some embodiments the frequencies for monitoring may include frequency values associated with CORESETs. The information associated with monitoring in such embodiments may further include search space information regarding search spaces within the CORESETs. For example, terrestrial TRPs (or more generally communication devices) operating in a reduced power operating mode such as the Deep Sleep mode described by way of example herein, may be expected to monitor for operating mode indications that are transmitted in the form of Control Information transmitted in a physical layer control channel and mapped on a CORESET. The CORESET may be further divided into search spaces, to which such control information for power saving may be potentially mapped.
[0226] In one CORESET embodiment, a power saving raster may be expressed as a table that includes entries indicating the frequency position where PS CORESETs may be found, and communication devices are provided with monitoring information that includes search space information such as information about the size of a given search space and the location of a given search space. Search spaces within a PS CORESET may have a pre-determined configuration, and the location of each search space within the PS CORESET may also be pre-determined as described at least above.
[0227] A raster in a CORESET embodiment may include entries indicating the position of the lowest frequency subcarrier of a PS CORESET, and an example is provided above in Table 3. The example PS raster in Table 3 indicates that control information can be found in the search spaces inside PS CORESETs whose lowest subcarrier frequencies are located at {20.05; 20.55; 21.05} GHz. This example may also be described as being based on or indicative of a mapping between the frequency position (denoted as “A” in Table 3) and the center frequency value of an SS / PBCH block carrying a PS indication (denoted as “fPS” ) . The mapping is consistent with the above formula:
[0228] fPS-CORESET = A *50 MHz + B,
[0229] which is an illustrative example. CORESET embodiments are not limited to only this formula. For example, center frequencies may be spaced apart by other than multiples of 50 MHz, and / or an offset frequency may be different from 20 GHz, and / or a formula or mapping may be different.
[0230] As also described at least above, in some embodiments, information associated with monitoring may include one or more parameters of a formula from which the frequencies for monitoring are obtainable, such as A and / or B in the above example.
[0231] Regarding the indication, the PSCI format examples in Embodiment 3 are illustrative of indication examples in the context of TRPs, but these examples may be extended more generally to communication devices that may or may not be TRPs. An indication may include, for example, any one or more of the following:
[0232] a field for operating mode (including the above examples for “PS Power Mode” but for communication devices more generally, and not specific to TRPs) ;
[0233] a field for transmit power (including the above examples for “Tx Power” but for communication devices more generally, and not specific to TRPs) ;
[0234] a field for one or more functions, to indicate functions that are (and / or are not) to be run in the operating mode (including the above examples for “Functions” but again for communication devices more generally, and not specific to TRPs) .
[0235] Another raster example relates to BWPs, in which case the frequencies for monitoring may include frequency values associated with BWPs. As disclosed at least above in Embodiment 4, for example, indications such as PC commands (or equivalently PS commands) may be transmitted (and received) in the form of SIB messages in a physical layer data channel. These SIB messages may be mapped on a PS BWP that occupies time and frequency resources on a given frequency band, and each PS BWP may further include resources for a PS CORESET, such that a control channel carrying control information may schedule a data channel carrying a PS SIB indication.
[0236] In some embodiments, the information associated with monitoring may include frequency values associated with CORESETs, within such BWPs, to monitor for control information, such as a message, that schedules a data channel to carry the indication. In the context of a SIB indication, a SIB carried in the data channel may include a field to carry the indication, and in some embodiments the SIB may also include a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the receiving communication device.
[0237] Examples that are disclosed in Embodiment 4 above may be extended more generally to communication devices. For example, a PS raster may assist a communication device (which may or may not be a terrestrial TRP) with finding a PS SIB indication while the device is in a reduced power operating mode such as Deep Sleep mode. A PS raster may be in the form of a table that includes entries indicating the frequency position where a communication device can expect to find PS BWPs. Monitoring information may also include information regarding PS CORESETs, to provide a communication device with knowledge about where a Control Information message scheduling a data channel carrying a PS SIB command may be located. In this context, for a communication device to monitor for PS SIB commands implies that the device is also monitoring control channel transmissions which transmit Control Information that schedules a data channel transmission carrying the PS SIB indication.
[0238] The PS raster examples provided above in Embodiment 4, including Table 4, are illustrative of monitoring information and monitoring features that may be provided in some embodiments. The example PS raster in Table 4 indicates that control information (PSCI formats for example) can be found in the search spaces inside PS CORESETs whose lowest subcarrier frequencies are located at {20.2; 24.2} GHz. This example may also be described as being based on or indicative of a mapping between the frequency position (denoted as “A” in Table 4) and the center frequency value of an SS / PBCH block carrying a PS indication (denoted as “fPS-BWP” ) . The mapping is consistent with the above formula:
[0239] fPS-BWP = A *200 MHz + B,
[0240] which is an illustrative example. BWP raster embodiments are not limited to only this formula. For example, center frequencies may be spaced apart by other than multiples of 200 MHz or less than 50 MHz, and / or an offset frequency may be different from 20 GHz, and / or a formula or mapping may be different.
[0241] As also described at least above, in some embodiments information associated with monitoring may include one or more parameters of a formula from which the frequencies for monitoring are obtainable, such as A and / or B in the above example.
[0242] Regarding the indication, the PS SIB message examples in Embodiment 4 are illustrative of indication examples in the context of TRPs, but these examples may be extended more generally to communication devices that may or may not be TRPs. An indication may include, for example, any one or more of the following:
[0243] a field for operating mode (including the above examples for “PS Power Mode” but for communication devices more generally, and not specific to TRPs) ;
[0244] a field for transmit power (including the above examples for “Tx Power” but for communication devices more generally, and not specific to TRPs) ;
[0245] a field for one or more functions, to indicate functions that are (and / or are not) to be run in the operating mode (including the above examples for “Functions” but again for communication devices more generally, and not specific to TRPs) ;
[0246] a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the receiving communication device, such as trpId and / or trpGroupId, but extended to communication devices more generally.
[0247] Regarding the latter item above and the trpId and trpGroupId examples, the two PS SIB examples above are illustrative of a PS SIB that includes both individual device and group identifiers to indicate whether an operating mode indication applies to a receiving communication device, and a PS SIB that may include either or both of an individual device identifier and a group identifier to indicate whether an operating mode indication applies to a receiving communication device,
[0248] The PS SIB examples in Embodiment 4 are intended only for illustrative purposes. Other embodiments may include similar or different fields, in a similar or different order.
[0249] Information associated with monitoring may include beam angular information. An illustrative Embodiment 5 above provides examples of features that may be provided in beam-based embodiments. Although Embodiment 5, like some others herein, provides examples in the context of TRPs, the features disclosed in Embodiment 5 may be extended to communication devices that may or may not be TRPs.
[0250] Beam angular information that is received by a communication device may include one of multiple quantized values that respectively correspond to one of multiple ranges of beam angles for the monitoring. This is disclosed by way of example above in the context of three-bit values that respectively correspond to different zenith angle ranges. Beam angle information may be consistent with that example, or any part thereof. Different bit values and / or different zenith angle ranges may be used in other embodiments.
[0251] Beam angular information may include one of multiple quantized values that respectively correspond to one of multiple beam angles for the monitoring. This is disclosed by way of example above in the context of three-bit values that respectively correspond to different zenith angles. Beam angle information may be consistent with that example, or any part thereof. Different bit values and / or different zenith angles may be used in other embodiments.
[0252] In beam-based embodiments, monitoring information may specify one of multiple codebooks in which values are mapped to angle ranges or angles, and a value within that codebook. The receiving communication device can then determine the angle range or angle for monitoring from the specified codebook and value.
[0253] In some embodiments, the terrestrial TRP may be referred to as a “terrestrial cell” or “TN cell” . These terrestrial cells or TN cells may monitor Power Saving commands that are transmitted by non-terrestrial TRPs moving along their orbit. If a TN cell receives and detects a Power Saving command indicating to the TN cell to go to Deep Sleep mode, then the TN cell may start sleeping after applying the Power Saving command. This may be referred to as the NT-TRP instructing the TN cell to sleep. If a TN cell receives and detects a Power Saving command indicating to the TN cell to go to TRP ON mode or TRP Full Power mode, then the TN cell may wake up after applying the Power Saving command. This may be referred to as the NT-TRP instructing the TN cell to wake up.
[0254] In some embodiments, the TRP power modes may instead be called “Cell Power modes” and applied to TN cells, where the TN cell may correspond to a terrestrial TRP. Deep Sleep mode may be referred to as “Cell Deep Sleep mode” , TRP ON mode may be referred to as “Cell ON mode” and TRP Full Power mode may be referred to as “Cell Full Power mode” .
[0255] In some embodiments, the non-terrestrial TRP may “page” TN cells using Power Saving commands, which may be in the form of, for example, a PS SIB message including a field called “Cell Power Mode” , which may be a two-bit field. The “Cell Power Mode” may be set to “00” to indicate to the TN cell of interest that it needs to go to Deep Sleep mode, alternatively the “Cell Power Mode” may be set to “01” to indicate to the TN cell of interest that it needs to go to Cell ON mode, alternatively the “Cell Power Mode” may be set to “10” to indicate to the TN cell of interest that it needs to go to Cell Full Power mode, alternatively the “Cell Power Mode” may be set to “11” to indicate to the TN cell of interest that it needs to stay in its current mode of operation.
[0256] Although certain features may be described above in the context of a particular numbered embodiment, at least some features may be extended to other embodiments. For instance, forms of monitoring information and / or indications disclosed in the context of one of the numbered embodiments may apply to one or more other embodiments as well.
[0257] Disclosed features also include general features that may apply to all embodiments. For example, operating in an operating mode may include continuing to operate in a current operating mode where the operating mode of a detected indication matches the current operating mode in which a receiving communication device is operating; or transitioning from a current operating mode to the operating mode of the detected indication where the operating mode of the detected indication is different from the current operating mode. For example, if a TRP receives a command to go to sleep mode for 1 hour, then after 1 hour the TRP may receive another command (the same as before) to go to sleep mode. In this example, another indication is received, but the operating mode wouldn’t change. PS commands that have built-in time limits illustrate one possible application of not necessarily changing a current operating mode when an indication is received.
[0258] The communication network may be an integrated terrestrial / non-terrestrial communication network in some embodiments. The present disclosure is not limited only to such communication networks, but NT-TRP-managed power savings in such networks may be especially useful. For example, the receiving communication device may be a T-TRP, and the T-TRP may receive the information associated with monitoring from (and monitor for an indication from) an NT-TRP.
[0259] At 1450, Fig. 14 illustrates various transmitting counterparts of several of the receiving features shown at 1400.
[0260] From a transmitting communication device perspective, the transmitting at 1452 represents optionally transmitting a configuration of multiple operating modes to a first (receiving) communication device from a second (transmitting) communication device.
[0261] The transmitting at 1454 represents transmitting, to the first communication device from the second communication device, information associated with monitoring at the first communication device for an indication of an operating mode in which the first communication device is to operate. The operating mode is one of multiple operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the first communication device.
[0262] At 1456, Fig. 14 illustrates transmitting the indication to the first communication device from the second communication device, to control operation at the first communication device in the operating mode of the indication. The multiple arrows between 1456 and 1406 in Fig. 14 are intended to illustrate that multiple indications may be transmitted at 1456 (and received at 1406) , such as when operation of the first communication device is to change from one previously indicated operating mode to another previously indicated operating mode.
[0263] Embodiments related to transmitting monitoring information and an indication may include other features, such as any one or more of the following features, for example, which are also discussed elsewhere herein:
[0264] the operating modes may include a first power mode with an associated first power consumption level, a second power mode with an associated second power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level, and a third power mode with an associated third power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level and lower than the second power consumption level;
[0265] the third power consumption level is lower-bounded based on requirements to be met during operation of the first communication device in the third power mode;
[0266] the operating modes are managed at the first communication device in a state machine;
[0267] the indication is or includes a value, of multiple values respectively associated with the multiple operating modes, to indicate the operating mode of the multiple operating modes;
[0268] the indication is or includes a first field to indicate whether the first communication device is to operate in a first operating mode of the multiple operating modes;
[0269] the indication includes a second field for a value associated with a second operating mode of the multiple operating modes where the first communication device is not to operate in the first operating mode;
[0270] the information associated with monitoring is consistent with a raster of frequencies for monitoring at the communication device;
[0271] the information associated with monitoring is or includes entries of a raster table, the entries indicating the frequencies for monitoring;
[0272] the information associated with monitoring is or includes a parameter of a formula from which the frequencies for monitoring are obtainable;
[0273] the frequencies include center frequency values of an SS / PBCH;
[0274] a MIB carried in the PBCH includes a field to carry the indication;
[0275] the MIB further includes a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the first communication device;
[0276] the frequencies include frequency values associated with CORESETs;
[0277] the information associated with monitoring further includes search space information regarding search spaces within the CORESETs;
[0278] the frequencies include frequency values associated with BWPs;
[0279] the information associated with monitoring further includes frequency values associated with CORESETs, within the BWPs, to monitor for control information that schedules a data channel to carry the indication;
[0280] a SIB carried in the data channel includes a field to carry the indication;
[0281] the SIB further includes a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the first communication device;
[0282] the information associated with monitoring is or includes beam angular information;
[0283] the beam angular information is or includes one of multiple quantized values that respectively correspond to one of multiple ranges of beam angles for the monitoring;
[0284] the beam angular information is or includes one of multiple quantized values that respectively correspond to one of multiple beam angles for the monitoring;
[0285] the indication controls the first communication device to continue to operate in a current operating mode where the operating mode of the indication matches the current operating mode in which the first communication device is operating;
[0286] the indication controls the first communication device to transition from a current operating mode to the operating mode of the indication where the operating mode of the indication is different from the current operating mode;
[0287] the communication network is an integrated terrestrial / non-terrestrial communication network;
[0288] the first communication device is a T-TRP;
[0289] the second communication device is an NT-TRP.
[0290] Methods may also provide or support other features.
[0291] For example, the operations shown at 1450 may be performed by the same communication device in some embodiments, or may involve different communication devices. A power consumption configuration at 1452 and one or more indications at 1456 may be sent by different communication devices at different times, for example. One communication device may configure a set of power modes, and one power mode in the set may be activated by transmitting an indication from a different communication device.
[0292] As described above, subject to traffic events happening within the coverage area of a terrestrial TRP, the terrestrial TRP may send a traffic-event report to the non-terrestrial TRP. Thus, in some embodiments, a method at 1400 may also include transmitting traffic-event report from the first communication device to the second communication device, and receiving the traffic-event report at the second communication device. The second communication device may then determine, based on one or more thresholds, for example, whether to transmit an indication to transition operation of the first communication device from one operating mode to another operating mode. Based on current traffic below a certain level, for example, the second communication device may determine that the first communication device should operate in a certain operating mode, and transmit an indication of that operating mode at 1456.
[0293] Transmission of an operating mode indication at 1456 in this example may be dependent upon whether the determined operating mode is different from the current operating mode of the first communication device, and transmitting the indication only if the determined operating mode is different from the current operating mode of the first communication device. This may help reduce signaling overhead in the network.
[0294] Other operating mode decision criteria or conditions may also or instead be used to determine an operation mode in which a communication device is to operate. For example, in an integrated TN / NTN and in order to implement traffic management policies or power consumption policies aimed at meeting carbon neutrality goals or sustainability goals for example, T-TRPs may be configured transmit reports related to specific traffic events or power consumption events to NT-TRPs. In response to receiving such traffic event reports or power consumption reports from T-TRPs: NT-TRPs may then send Power Saving commands to T-TRPs of interest, to go to sleep for example. T-TRPs that are sleeping may wake up upon receiving and decoding Power-On commands.
[0295] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0296] An apparatus may include a processor that is configured, by executing programming for example, to cause the apparatus to perform a method or operations, or to provide or support features, disclosed herein. An apparatus may also include a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, coupled to the processor, storing programming for execution by the processor. In Fig. 3, for example, the processors 210, 260, 276 may each be or include one or more processors, and each memory 208, 258, 278 is an example of a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, in an ED 110 and a TRP 170, 172. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium need not necessarily be provided only in combination with a processor, and may be provided separately in a computer program product, for example.
[0297] As an illustrative example, programming stored in or on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium may include instructions to or to cause a processor to, or a processor, device, or other component may otherwise be configured to, receive information associated with monitoring at a communication device, monitor for an indication of operating mode at the communication device, and operate at the communication device in an operating mode responsive to detecting the indication. The operating mode, as in other embodiments, is one of multiple operating modes associated with different levels of power consumption at the communication device.
[0298] Apparatus embodiments are not limited to the foregoing examples, or to processor-based or programming-based embodiments.
[0299] Fig. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an example apparatus in which embodiments may be implemented. The example apparatus as shown includes a transmitter 1502 and a receiver 1504, as well as a controller 1506 coupled to the transmitter and the receiver. A communication device in which or in conjunction with which such an apparatus is implemented may include other components other components, as generally shown at 1510, and the transmitter 1502 and the receiver 1504 transmit and receive in in a communication network, as generally shown at 1520.
[0300] Although embodiments herein may relate primarily to receiving (or transmitting) monitoring information and monitoring for (or transmitting) indications of operating mode, in some embodiments an apparatus may include both transmitting and receiving features. In the example shown in Fig. 15, an apparatus with all of the illustrated components supports transmitting features and receiving features. For example, an apparatus that receives monitoring information and detects an operating mode indication during monitoring may transmit and / or receive in a network when a communication device is operating in the indicated operating mode. Similarly, an apparatus that transmits monitoring information and / or transmits an operating mode indication may transmit and / or receive in a network during normal operation of a communication device. Therefore, whether an apparatus is intended to receive an operating mode indication or to transmit an operating mode indication, the apparatus may include both a receiver and a transmitter as shown.
[0301] Receiving and / or transmitting features or functions, and other features or functions herein, may be implemented in any of various ways, such as in hardware, firmware, or one or more components that execute software. The transmitter 1502, the receiver 1504, and the controller 1506 may be implemented in any of these ways. The present disclosure is not limited to any specific type of implementation, and implementation details may vary between different devices.
[0302] Implementation details of at least the transmitter 1502 and the receiver 1506 are dependent upon at least the type (s) of communication to be supported. For example, transmitter and / or receiver implementations, or at least transmitter and / or receiver operation, may be different for at least T-TRPs and NT-TRPs in the examples shown in Figs. 5 to 7.
[0303] In general, an apparatus or a component thereof such as a receiver 1504 or a processor may be configured to receive (or for receiving) , or programming may include instructions to receive (or for receiving) or to cause a processor to receive, at a communication device in a communication network, information associated with monitoring for an indication of an operating mode in which the communication device is to operate. The operating mode is one of multiple operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the communication device. An apparatus or a component thereof such as a controller 1506, which may be coupled to the receiver 1504, may be configured to monitor (or for monitoring) , or programming may include instructions to monitor (or for monitoring) or to cause a processor to monitor, at the communication device, for the indication. Such monitoring may involve the receiver 1504, or be handled by the receiver in some embodiments. An apparatus or a component thereof such as the controller 1506 may be configured to control (or for controlling) , or programming may include instructions to control (or for controlling) or to cause a processor to control operation at the communication device in the operating mode, responsive to detecting the indication.
[0304] Embodiments related to such apparatus or non-transitory computer readable storage media may include any one or more of the following features, for example, which are also discussed elsewhere herein:
[0305] the operating modes may include: a first power mode with an associated first power consumption level; a second power mode with an associated second power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level; and a third power mode with an associated third power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level and lower than the second power consumption level;
[0306] the third power consumption level may be lower-bounded based on requirements to be met during operation of the communication device in the third power mode;
[0307] the operating modes may be managed at the communication device in a state machine;
[0308] the indication may be or include a value, of multiple values respectively associated with the multiple operating modes, to indicate the operating mode of the multiple operating modes;
[0309] the indication may be or include a first field to indicate whether the communication device is to operate in a first operating mode of the multiple operating modes, and a second field for a value associated with a second operating mode of the multiple operating modes where the communication device is not to operate in the first operating mode;
[0310] the information associated with monitoring may be consistent with a raster of frequencies for monitoring at the communication device;
[0311] the information associated with monitoring may be or include entries of a raster table, the entries indicating the frequencies for monitoring;
[0312] the information associated with monitoring may be or include a parameter of a formula from which the frequencies for monitoring are obtainable;
[0313] the frequencies may be or include center frequency values of an SS / PBCH;
[0314] a MIB carried in the PBCH may include a field to carry the indication;
[0315] the MIB may further include a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the communication device;
[0316] the frequencies may be or include frequency values associated with CORESETs;
[0317] the information associated with monitoring may further include search space information regarding search spaces within the CORESETs;
[0318] the frequencies may include frequency values associated with BWPs;
[0319] the information associated with monitoring may further include frequency values associated with CORESETs, within the BWPs, to monitor for control information that schedules a data channel to carry the indication;
[0320] a SIB carried in the data channel may include a field to carry the indication;
[0321] the SIB may further include a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the communication device;
[0322] the information associated with monitoring may be or include beam angular information;
[0323] the beam angular information may be or include one of multiple quantized values that respectively correspond to one of multiple ranges of beam angles for the monitoring;
[0324] the beam angular information may be or include one of multiple quantized values that respectively correspond to one of multiple beam angles for the monitoring;
[0325] the apparatus or a component thereof such as the controller 1506 may be configured to control (or for controlling) , or programming may include instructions to control (or for controlling) , or to cause a processor to control the communication device to continue to operate in a current operating mode where the operating mode of the detected indication matches the current operating mode in which the communication device is operating;
[0326] the apparatus or a component thereof such as the controller 1506 may be configured to control (or for controlling) , or programming may include instructions to control (or for controlling) , or to cause a processor to control the communication device to transition from a current operating mode to the operating mode of the detected indication where the operating mode of the detected indication is different from the current operating mode;
[0327] the communication network may be an integrated terrestrial / non-terrestrial communication network;
[0328] the communication device may be a T-TRP;
[0329] the apparatus or a component thereof such as the receiver 1504 may be configured to receive (or for receiving) , or programming may include instructions to receive (or for receiving) , or to cause a processor to receive, the information associated with monitoring from an NT-TRP;
[0330] the apparatus or a component thereof such as the controller 1506 or the receiver 1504 may be configured to monitor (or for monitoring) , or programming may include instructions to monitor (or for monitoring) , or to cause a processor to monitor for the indication from the NT-TRP.
[0331] An apparatus for a transmitting (in respect of an operating mode indication) communication device, which is also referred to herein as a second communication device, may include a transmitter such as 1502 and a controller such as 1506 coupled to the transmitter.
[0332] The apparatus or a component thereof such as the transmitter 1502 may be configured to transmit (or for transmitting) , or programming may include instructions to transmit (or for transmitting) or to cause a processor to transmit information associated with monitoring, and an indication, to a first communication device from a second communication device in a communication network. The information is associated with monitoring at the first communication device for the indication, and the indication is an indication of an operating mode in which the first communication device is to operate. The operating mode is one of multiple operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the first communication device. Transmitting the indication to the first communication device from the second communication device is to control operation at the first communication device in the operating mode of the indication.
[0333] In an embodiment, the apparatus or a component thereof such as the controller 1506 may be configured to provide (or for providing) , or programming may include instructions to provide (or for providing) or to cause a processor to provide the information associated with monitoring and the indication, to the transmitter 1502 for example.
[0334] Embodiments related to such apparatus or non-transitory computer readable storage media may include any one or more of the following features, for example, which are also discussed elsewhere herein:
[0335] the operating modes may include: a first power mode with an associated first power consumption level; a second power mode with an associated second power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level; and a third power mode with an associated third power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level and lower than the second power consumption level;
[0336] the third power consumption level may be lower-bounded based on requirements to be met during operation of the first communication device in the third power mode;
[0337] the operating modes may be managed at the first communication device in a state machine;
[0338] the indication may be or include a value, of multiple values respectively associated with the multiple operating modes, to indicate the operating mode of the multiple operating modes;
[0339] the indication may be or include a first field to indicate whether the first communication device is to operate in a first operating mode of the multiple operating modes, and a second field for a value associated with a second operating mode of the multiple operating modes where the first communication device is not to operate in the first operating mode;
[0340] the information associated with monitoring may be consistent with a raster of frequencies for monitoring at the communication device;
[0341] the information associated with monitoring may be or include entries of a raster table, the entries indicating the frequencies for monitoring;
[0342] the information associated with monitoring may be or include a parameter of a formula from which the frequencies for monitoring are obtainable;
[0343] the frequencies may include center frequency values of an SS / PBCH;
[0344] a MIB carried in the PBCH may include a field to carry the indication;
[0345] the MIB may further include a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the first communication device;
[0346] the frequencies may include frequency values associated with CORESETs;
[0347] the information associated with monitoring may further include search space information regarding search spaces within the CORESETs;
[0348] the frequencies may include frequency values associated with BWPs;
[0349] the information associated with monitoring may further include frequency values associated with CORESETs, within the BWPs, to monitor for control information that schedules a data channel to carry the indication;
[0350] a SIB carried in the data channel may include a field to carry the indication;
[0351] the SIB may further include a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the first communication device;
[0352] the information associated with monitoring may be or include beam angular information;
[0353] the beam angular information may be or include one of multiple quantized values that respectively correspond to one of multiple ranges of beam angles for the monitoring;
[0354] the beam angular information may be or include one of multiple quantized values that respectively correspond to one of multiple beam angles for the monitoring;
[0355] the indication may control the first communication device to continue to operate in a current operating mode where the operating mode of the indication matches the current operating mode in which the first communication device is operating;
[0356] the indication may control the first communication device to transition from a current operating mode to the operating mode of the indication where the operating mode of the indication is different from the current operating mode;
[0357] the communication network may be an integrated terrestrial / non-terrestrial communication network;
[0358] the first communication device may be a T-TRP;
[0359] the second communication device may be an NT-TRP.
[0360] Other features disclosed herein may also or instead be provided or supported in apparatus embodiments.
[0361] Apparatus embodiments are not in any way restricted to single devices. A system, for example, may include a first communication device and a second communication device. The first communication device may be configured to receive, monitor for, and operate as follows, or for: receiving information associated with monitoring for an indication of an operating mode of a multiple operating modes in which the first communication device is to operate, the multiple operating modes being associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the first communication device; monitoring for the indication; and operating in the operating mode responsive to detecting the indication. The second communication device may be configured to transmit (or for transmitting) , to the first communication device: the information associated with the monitoring; and the indication.
[0362] More generally, other features disclosed herein may also or instead be provided in method, apparatus, and / or system embodiments.
[0363] Features disclosed herein in the context of method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0364] Although aspects of the present invention have been described with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the invention. The description and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded simply as an illustration of some embodiments of the invention as defined by the appended claims, and are contemplated to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents that fall within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, although embodiments and potential advantages have been described in detail, various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
[0365] Moreover, any module, component, or device exemplified herein that executes instructions may include or otherwise have access to a non-transitory computer readable or processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer readable or processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer readable or processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile disc (DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and nonremovable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer readable or processor readable storage media may be part of a device or accessible or connectable thereto. Any application or module herein described may be implemented using instructions that are readable and executable by a computer or processor may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer readable or processor readable storage media.
Claims
1.A method comprising:receiving, at a communication device in a communication network, information associated with monitoring for an indication of an operating mode in which the communication device is to operate, wherein the operating mode is one of a plurality of operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the communication device;monitoring, at the communication device, for the indication;operating, at the communication device, in the operating mode responsive to detecting the indication.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of operating modes comprise:a first power mode with an associated first power consumption level;a second power mode with an associated second power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level; anda third power mode with an associated third power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level and lower than the second power consumption level.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the third power consumption level is lower-bounded based on requirements to be met during operation of the communication device in the third power mode.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plurality of operating modes are managed at the communication device in a state machine.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the indication comprises a value, of a plurality of values respectively associated with the plurality of operating modes, to indicate the operating mode of the plurality of operating modes.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the indication comprises a first field to indicate whether the communication device is to operate in a first operating mode of the plurality of operating modes, and a second field for a value associated with a second operating mode of the plurality of operating modes where the communication device is not to operate in the first operating mode.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the information associated with monitoring is consistent with a raster of frequencies for monitoring at the communication device.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises entries of a raster table, the entries indicating the frequencies for monitoring.9.The method of claim 7, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises a parameter of a formula from which the frequencies for monitoring are obtainable.10.The method of any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the frequencies comprise center frequency values of a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) .11.The method of claim 10, wherein a master information block (MIB) carried in the PBCH comprises a field to carry the indication.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the MIB further comprises a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the communication device.13.The method of any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the frequencies comprise frequency values associated with control resource sets (CORESETs) .14.The method of claim 13, wherein the information associated with monitoring further comprises search space information regarding search spaces within the CORESETs.15.The method of any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the frequencies comprise frequency values associated with bandwidth parts (BWPs) .16.The method of claim 15, wherein the information associated with monitoring further comprises frequency values associated with control resource sets (CORESETs) , within the BWPs, to monitor for control information that schedules a data channel to carry the indication.17.The method of claim 16, wherein a system information block (SIB) carried in the data channel comprises a field to carry the indication.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the SIB further comprises a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the communication device.19.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises beam angular information.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the beam angular information comprises one of a plurality of quantized values that respectively correspond to one of a plurality of ranges of beam angles for the monitoring.21.The method of claim 19, wherein the beam angular information comprises one of a plurality of quantized values that respectively correspond to one of a plurality of beam angles for the monitoring.22.The method of any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the operating comprises:continuing to operate in a current operating mode where the operating mode of the detected indication matches the current operating mode in which the communication device is operating; ortransitioning from a current operating mode to the operating mode of the detected indication where the operating mode of the detected indication is different from the current operating mode.23.The method of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the communication network comprises an integrated terrestrial / non-terrestrial communication network.24.The method of claim 23,wherein the communication device comprises a terrestrial transmit and receive point (T-TRP) ,wherein the receiving comprises receiving the information associated with monitoring from a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) ,wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring for the indication from the NT-TRP.25.A method comprising:transmitting, to a first communication device from a second communication device in a communication network, information associated with monitoring at the first communication device for an indication of an operating mode in which the first communication device is to operate, wherein the operating mode is one of a plurality of operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the first communication device;transmitting the indication to the first communication device from the second communication device to control operation at the first communication device in the operating mode of the indication.26.The method of claim 25, wherein the plurality of operating modes comprise:a first power mode with an associated first power consumption level;a second power mode with an associated second power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level; anda third power mode with an associated third power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level and lower than the second power consumption level.27.The method of claim 26, wherein the third power consumption level is lower-bounded based on requirements to be met during operation of the first communication device in the third power mode.28.The method of any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the plurality of operating modes are managed at the first communication device in a state machine.29.The method of any one of claims 25 to 28, wherein the indication comprises a value, of a plurality of values respectively associated with the plurality of operating modes, to indicate the operating mode of the plurality of operating modes.30.The method of any one of claims 25 to 28, wherein the indication comprises a first field to indicate whether the first communication device is to operate in a first operating mode of the plurality of operating modes, and a second field for a value associated with a second operating mode of the plurality of operating modes where the first communication device is not to operate in the first operating mode.31.The method of any one of claims 25 to 30, wherein the information associated with monitoring is consistent with a raster of frequencies for monitoring at the communication device.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises entries of a raster table, the entries indicating the frequencies for monitoring.33.The method of claim 31, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises a parameter of a formula from which the frequencies for monitoring are obtainable.34.The method of any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the frequencies comprise center frequency values of a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) .35.The method of claim 34, wherein a master information block (MIB) carried in the PBCH comprises a field to carry the indication.36.The method of claim 35, wherein the MIB further comprises a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the first communication device.37.The method of any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the frequencies comprise frequency values associated with control resource sets (CORESETs) .38.The method of claim 37, wherein the information associated with monitoring further comprises search space information regarding search spaces within the CORESETs.39.The method of any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the frequencies comprise frequency values associated with bandwidth parts (BWPs) .40.The method of claim 39, wherein the information associated with monitoring further comprises frequency values associated with control resource sets (CORESETs) , within the BWPs, to monitor for control information that schedules a data channel to carry the indication.41.The method of claim 40, wherein a system information block (SIB) carried in the data channel comprises a field to carry the indication.42.The method of claim 41, wherein the SIB further comprises a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the first communication device.43.The method of any one of claims 25 to 30, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises beam angular information.44.The method of claim 43, wherein the beam angular information comprises one of a plurality of quantized values that respectively correspond to one of a plurality of ranges of beam angles for the monitoring.45.The method of claim 43, wherein the beam angular information comprises one of a plurality of quantized values that respectively correspond to one of a plurality of beam angles for the monitoring.46.The method of any one of claims 25 to 45,wherein the indication controls the first communication device to continue to operate in a current operating mode where the operating mode of the indication matches the current operating mode in which the first communication device is operating;orwherein the indication controls the first communication device to transition from a current operating mode to the operating mode of the indication where the operating mode of the indication is different from the current operating mode.47.The method of any one of claims 25 to 46, wherein the communication network comprises an integrated terrestrial / non-terrestrial communication network.48.The method of claim 47,wherein the first communication device comprises a terrestrial transmit and receive point (T-TRP) ,wherein the second communication device comprises a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) .49.An apparatus comprising a processor configured to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 24.50.An apparatus comprising:a receiver for receiving, at a communication device in a communication network, information associated with monitoring for an indication of an operating mode in which the communication device is to operate, wherein the operating mode is one of a plurality of operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the communication device;a controller, coupled to the receiver, for monitoring, at the communication device, for the indication, and for controlling operation at the communication device in the operating mode, responsive to detecting the indication.51.The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the plurality of operating modes comprise:a first power mode with an associated first power consumption level;a second power mode with an associated second power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level; anda third power mode with an associated third power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level and lower than the second power consumption level.52.The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the third power consumption level is lower-bounded based on requirements to be met during operation of the communication device in the third power mode.53.The apparatus of any one of claims 50 to 52, wherein the plurality of operating modes are managed at the communication device in a state machine.54.The apparatus of any one of claims 50 to 53, wherein the indication comprises a value, of a plurality of values respectively associated with the plurality of operating modes, to indicate the operating mode of the plurality of operating modes.55.The apparatus of any one of claims 50 to 53, wherein the indication comprises a first field to indicate whether the communication device is to operate in a first operating mode of the plurality of operating modes, and a second field for a value associated with a second operating mode of the plurality of operating modes where the communication device is not to operate in the first operating mode.56.The apparatus of any one of claims 50 to 55, wherein the information associated with monitoring is consistent with a raster of frequencies for monitoring at the communication device.57.The apparatus of claim 56, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises entries of a raster table, the entries indicating the frequencies for monitoring.58.The apparatus of claim 56, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises a parameter of a formula from which the frequencies for monitoring are obtainable.59.The apparatus of any one of claims 56 to 58, wherein the frequencies comprise center frequency values of a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) .60.The apparatus of claim 59, wherein a master information block (MIB) carried in the PBCH comprises a field to carry the indication.61.The apparatus of claim 60, wherein the MIB further comprises a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the communication device.62.The apparatus of any one of claims 56 to 58, wherein the frequencies comprise frequency values associated with control resource sets (CORESETs) .63.The apparatus of claim 62, wherein the information associated with monitoring further comprises search space information regarding search spaces within the CORESETs.64.The apparatus of any one of claims 56 to 58, wherein the frequencies comprise frequency values associated with bandwidth parts (BWPs) .65.The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the information associated with monitoring further comprises frequency values associated with control resource sets (CORESETs) , within the BWPs, to monitor for control information that schedules a data channel to carry the indication.66.The apparatus of claim 65, wherein a system information block (SIB) carried in the data channel comprises a field to carry the indication.67.The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the SIB further comprises a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the communication device.68.The apparatus of any one of claims 50 to 57, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises beam angular information.69.The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the beam angular information comprises one of a plurality of quantized values that respectively correspond to one of a plurality of ranges of beam angles for the monitoring.70.The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the beam angular information comprises one of a plurality of quantized values that respectively correspond to one of a plurality of beam angles for the monitoring.71.The apparatus of any one of claims 50 to 70,wherein the controller is configured to control the communication device to continue to operate in a current operating mode where the operating mode of the detected indication matches the current operating mode in which the communication device is operating;orwherein the controller is configured to control the communication device to transition from a current operating mode to the operating mode of the detected indication where the operating mode of the detected indication is different from the current operating mode.72.The apparatus of any one of claims 50 to 71, wherein the communication network comprises an integrated terrestrial / non-terrestrial communication network.73.The apparatus of claim 72,wherein the communication device comprises a terrestrial transmit and receive point (T-TRP) ,wherein the receiver is configured to receive the information associated with monitoring from a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) ,wherein the controller is configured to monitor for the indication from the NT-TRP.74.An apparatus comprising a processor configured to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 25 to 48.75.An apparatus comprising:a transmitter for transmitting, to a first communication device from a second communication device in a communication network, information associated with monitoring at the first communication device for an indication of an operating mode in which the first communication device is to operate, wherein the operating mode is one of a plurality of operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the first communication device, and for transmitting the indication to the first communication device from the second communication device to control operation at the first communication device in the operating mode of the indication; anda controller, coupled to the transmitter, for providing the information and the indication to the transmitter.76.The apparatus of claim 75, wherein the plurality of operating modes comprise:a first power mode with an associated first power consumption level;a second power mode with an associated second power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level; anda third power mode with an associated third power consumption level higher than the first power consumption level and lower than the second power consumption level.77.The apparatus of claim 76, wherein the third power consumption level is lower-bounded based on requirements to be met during operation of the first communication device in the third power mode.78.The apparatus of any one of claims 75 to 77, wherein the plurality of operating modes are managed at the first communication device in a state machine.79.The apparatus of any one of claims 75 to 78, wherein the indication comprises a value, of a plurality of values respectively associated with the plurality of operating modes, to indicate the operating mode of the plurality of operating modes.80.The apparatus of any one of claims 75 to 78, wherein the indication comprises a first field to indicate whether the first communication device is to operate in a first operating mode of the plurality of operating modes, and a second field for a value associated with a second operating mode of the plurality of operating modes where the first communication device is not to operate in the first operating mode.81.The apparatus of any one of claims 75 to 80, wherein the information associated with monitoring is consistent with a raster of frequencies for monitoring at the communication device.82.The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises entries of a raster table, the entries indicating the frequencies for monitoring.83.The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises a parameter of a formula from which the frequencies for monitoring are obtainable.84.The apparatus of any one of claims 81 to 83, wherein the frequencies comprise center frequency values of a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) .85.The apparatus of claim 84, wherein a master information block (MIB) carried in the PBCH comprises a field to carry the indication.86.The apparatus of claim 85, wherein the MIB further comprises a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the first communication device.87.The apparatus of any one of claims 81 to 83, wherein the frequencies comprise frequency values associated with control resource sets (CORESETs) .88.The apparatus of claim 87, wherein the information associated with monitoring further comprises search space information regarding search spaces within the CORESETs.89.The apparatus of any one of claims 81 to 83, wherein the frequencies comprise frequency values associated with bandwidth parts (BWPs) .90.The apparatus of claim 89, wherein the information associated with monitoring further comprises frequency values associated with control resource sets (CORESETs) , within the BWPs, to monitor for control information that schedules a data channel to carry the indication.91.The apparatus of claim 80, wherein a system information block (SIB) carried in the data channel comprises a field to carry the indication.92.The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the SIB further comprises a field to indicate whether the indication applies to the first communication device.93.The apparatus of any one of claims 75 to 80, wherein the information associated with monitoring comprises beam angular information.94.The apparatus of claim 93, wherein the beam angular information comprises one of a plurality of quantized values that respectively correspond to one of a plurality of ranges of beam angles for the monitoring.95.The apparatus of claim 93, wherein the beam angular information comprises one of a plurality of quantized values that respectively correspond to one of a plurality of beam angles for the monitoring.96.The apparatus of any one of claims 75 to 95,wherein the indication controls the first communication device to continue to operate in operating mode where the operating mode of the indication matches the current operating mode in which the first communication device is operating;orwherein the indication controls the first communication device to transition from a current operating mode to the operating mode of the indication where the operating mode of the indication is different from the current operating mode.97.The apparatus of any one of claims 75 to 96, wherein the communication network comprises an integrated terrestrial / non-terrestrial communication network.98.The apparatus of claim 97,wherein the first communication device comprises a terrestrial transmit and receive point (T-TRP) ,wherein the second communication device comprises a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) .99.A computer program comprising programming for execution by a processor, the programming including instructions to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 48.100.A non-transitory computer readable medium storing programming for execution by a processor, the programming including instructions to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 48.101.A system comprising:a first communication device for receiving information associated with monitoring for an indication of an operating mode in which the first communication device is to operate, wherein the operating mode is one of a plurality of operating modes associated with respective different levels of power consumption at the first communication device; monitoring for the indication; and operating in the operating mode responsive to detecting the indication;a second communication device for transmitting, to the first communication device: the information associated with the monitoring; and the indication.