Apparatus for bacterial protection in ventilation system

Abstract

To provide apparatus for bacterial protection in ventilation systems.SOLUTION: A ventilation system comprises, besides apparatus for bacterial protection, a ventilation device and a breathing gas line system for conducting breathing gas to and / or away from the ventilation device. The apparatus includes a line for conducting breathing gas between the ventilation device and the breathing gas line system, where the line includes a first line section with a first connection for connecting the line to the ventilation device, a second line section with a second connection for connecting the line to the breathing gas line system, and a third line section connecting the first line section to the second line section. The third line section is designed as a bacteria barrier for preventing bacteria from entering the second line section from the first line section and / or the first line section from the second line section.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for bacterial defense in a ventilation system. The present invention further relates to a ventilation system equipped with such an apparatus. In this case, the ventilation system is designed for anesthesia and / or ventilation.

Background Art

[0002] An apparatus for anesthesia and / or ventilation, also called an anesthesia workstation, is usually designed such that breathing gas is introduced into a circuit. For this purpose, used gas such as oxygen (O2) is supplied to the circuit, and carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed. In such a circuit, volatile anesthetics can be supplied and separated in a controlled manner. For example, at least one breathing gas source in the form of a blower and a check valve cause the breathing gas to flow in a defined direction. Inhalation is guided to the patient via the inhalation branch of the breathing gas circuit. After inhalation, the patient's exhalation enters the circuit system again via the exhalation branch and then further into the blower.

[0003] During operation of the anesthesia workstation, at least one valve, in particular a relief valve such as a so-called APL valve (APL = adjustable pressure limit), can discharge the gas inhaled and exhaled again by the patient from the patient circuit. Since a volatile anesthetic is added to this gas, usually the gas is led out and discharged by a so-called anesthesia gas transfer system (abbreviation AGFS).

[0004] The anesthesia gas transfer system usually consists of piping with a constant negative pressure fixed to the hospital wall for sucking out the patient gas. Since exhalation may also contain pathogenic organisms from the patient's lungs, in normal operation, a HEPA filter is used to capture the pathogenic organisms. However, this only captures 99.95% of bacteria.

[0005] As a result, some bacteria may enter the tubes of the anesthesia gas transfer system via the APL valve. Condensation of water from the patient's exhalation may create a potential basis for bacterial contamination inside the tubes. The regeneration process (Aufbereitung) of the tubes is not easy and is generally not carried out in hospital operations. Therefore, bacteria may accumulate in the anesthesia gas transfer system.

[0006] Since bacteria may also spread in the form of biofilms against the direction of the directional air flow, bacteria from the anesthesia gas transfer system may rise in the direction of the APL valve, and thereby may enter the respiratory gas circuit again and reach the patient.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0007] The problems of the present invention can be regarded as providing a device for preventing bacteria from entering the patient's respiratory circuit. Another problem of the present invention can be regarded as providing a correspondingly improved ventilation system.

[0008] These problems are solved by the subject matter of the independent claims, namely, the device of claim 1 and the ventilation system according to claim 15.

[0009] The subject matter of the dependent claims are development forms and advantageous embodiments. The dependent claims relate to several mutually independent advantageous development forms and embodiments of the present invention, and their features can be freely combined by those skilled in the art within a technically meaningful range. This is especially applicable across the scopes of different claim categories. The following description further characterizes and clarifies the present invention, especially in relation to the figures.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0010] The first aspect of the present invention relates to an apparatus for bacterial defense in the ventilation system according to claim 1. The ventilation system includes, in addition to the apparatus, ventilation equipment and a respiratory gas line system that guides respiratory gas towards and / or away from the ventilation equipment.

[0011] This apparatus includes a line for guiding respiratory gas between the ventilation equipment and the respiratory gas line system. The line has a first line section including a first connection part for connecting the line to the ventilation equipment, a second line section including a second connection part for connecting the line to the respiratory gas line system, and a third line section connecting the first line section to the second line section. The third line section is designed as a bacterial barrier to prevent bacteria from entering from the first line section to the second line section and / or from the second line section to the first line section.

[0012] The term "bacteria" can include all organisms that can potentially affect a patient. Bacteria can be present in the air and / or can be embedded in a biofilm. A biofilm consists of an aqueous layer in which a population of bacteria can survive and reproduce.

[0013] Bacteria can include, for example, at least one of the following types of bacteria, namely microorganisms, single-celled or multi-celled organisms, micro-organisms, bacteria, fungi, algae, parasites, prions, protozoa, viruses, viroids, or derivatives or precursors thereof, such as fungal spores, spores, allergens, toxins, etc. Bacteria can also be understood as "biofilms". Bacteria can particularly include pathogens or pathogenic organisms.

[0014] "Bacterial defense" or "bacterial barrier" can be understood as meaning that the spread of bacteria is defended, i.e., blocked, or at least hindered or impeded, thereby delaying it in time. Bacterial defense can include both the defense of the spread of bacteria through the air and the defense of the spread of bacteria in the form of biofilms.

[0015] The "ventilation device" can be understood as a device for anesthesia and / or ventilation. The ventilation device can have a ventilation function and / or an anesthesia function. Therefore, the ventilation device can be used as a pure ventilation device and / or an anesthesia device.

[0016] "Ventilation" can be understood as (artificial) ventilation, respiratory assistance, respiratory therapy, respiratory diagnosis, cough assistance, oxygen therapy such as high-flow therapy, inhalation anesthesia, and combinations of at least two of these examples.

[0017] Therefore, a patient can be ventilated or have their breathing assisted using a ventilation device, and alternatively or additionally, can be maintained under anesthesia. In particular, the ventilation device can also be operated using anesthetic gases such as volatile anesthetics, and thus can be used for inhalation anesthesia.

[0018] The "ventilation device" generally can be understood as any device that assists with the natural breathing of a patient or other user, and / or undertakes ventilation, and / or is used for respiratory therapy, and / or is used for inhalation anesthesia, and / or otherwise affects the breathing of a patient or user. Patients and users are used synonymously herein and refer to any individual who undergoes ventilation and / or anesthesia using a ventilation device.

[0019] The ventilation device can include, for example, devices of the following types, namely, anesthetic devices (also called anesthesia workstations), clinical or out-of-hospital ventilation devices, emergency ventilation devices, oxygen supply devices, respiratory therapy devices, CPAP devices, APAP devices, or BiLevel devices, high-flow therapy devices, diagnostic systems, cough therapy devices, cough machines, or at least one of combinations of at least two of these examples.

[0020] To connect to a patient, a patient interface can be connected to a ventilator device. The "patient interface" can generally be understood as a peripheral device for interaction with a living being. In particular, the patient interface can be designed, for example, as a breathing mask for treatment and / or diagnostic purposes in connection with a ventilator device. The "breathing mask" can be understood, for example, as a nasal mask, a nasal cushion mask, a nasal cannula, an oxygen cannula, a full face mask, a total face mask, a tracheal tube or a tracheal cannula, or a combination of at least two of these examples.

[0021] The ventilator device and the patient interface can be interconnected via a line. This line can be designed as a hose or a hose system. The hose system can be, for example, a two-hose system and can include at least one inhalation hose in combination with at least one exhalation hose. In this case, breathing gas is supplied to the patient via the inhalation hose of the hose system and the patient interface, and the patient can exhale through the exhalation hose of the hose system. Thus, the exhaled gas can be returned to the ventilation system via the exhalation hose, and at least one closed circuit can exist. A closed circuit exists when the exhaled gas is used again for inhalation after regeneration processing. When using a two-hose system, a Y-piece can be used, through which the inhalation hose and the exhalation hose can be connected to the patient interface.

[0022] The "breathing gas" can be understood as the gas or gas mixture that is inhaled and / or exhaled. The breathing gas can be, for example, normal breathing air from the ambient environment, (pure) oxygen, anesthetic gas (mixture), or breathing air to which oxygen and / or anesthetic gas (mixture) is added.

[0023] The "line" can be understood, for example, as a (flexible) hose, a (rigid) conduit, or a combination of both. Respiratory gas can be taken in and guided through the lumen of the line. The line can include a connection for (fluid) connection to other lines or other components. An airtight connection can be enabled via the connection.

[0024] The line includes a first connection and a second connection. The first connection can be connectable to the respiratory gas outlet of the ventilation device. Alternatively or additionally, the second connection can be connectable to the respiratory gas inlet of the respiratory gas line system.

[0025] The "respiratory gas outlet" of the ventilation device can be, for example, a valve, particularly a relief valve, or can include a relief valve. The relief valve can be designed, for example, as an APL valve for adjusting the inspiratory pressure. When the pressure exceeds the (pre-set) inspiratory pressure, the respiratory gas can be led out from the gas circuit of the ventilation device to the device and / or the respiratory gas line system via the respiratory gas outlet.

[0026] The respiratory gas line system can be, for example, a so-called anesthetic gas transfer system (also referred to as AGFS), which can be used to take in the respiratory gas from the ventilation device and lead it out or regenerate it in a controlled manner. Excess respiratory gas can be removed from the gas circuit leading to the patient via the respiratory gas transfer system. Thus, substances that may be harmful to the environment or health can be removed, regenerated, and / or discharged in a controlled manner. Such a respiratory gas transfer system can be used particularly when the respiratory gas contains volatile anesthetics.

[0027] The third line section designed as a bacterial barrier offers the advantage that it can prevent or temporally delay the spread of bacteria, for example in the form of a biofilm, in a controlled manner with little effort. Since there is neither water nor nutrients in the bacterial barrier, conditions are created that are life-threatening for bacteria, so it can be regarded as a component of a ventilation system that slows down the spread of bacteria.

[0028] Therefore, compared to embodiments without such a bacterial barrier, the safe operation of the ventilation system can be guaranteed for a significantly longer period. This also reduces maintenance and servicing costs.

[0029] The bacterial barrier can make it possible to clearly determine, within the scope of risk assessment, when bacteria can enter the ventilation equipment and / or the respiratory gas line system in the worst-case scenario assumed. For this purpose, the diffusion rate of bacteria in the device can be measured in a test run using test bacteria. By considering the total length of the bacterial barrier, it is possible to determine, for example, the recommended regeneration processing time (zeitliche Aufbereitungsempfehlung) selected so that the regeneration process is carried out before 50% of the theoretically existing biofilm can grow through the bacterial barrier. Thereby, the bacterial barrier can be designed so that the recommended regeneration processing time that ensures the regeneration process is carried out before the patient is at risk can be output to the user.

[0030] The second aspect of the present invention relates to a ventilation system. The ventilation system can be, for example, a system for anesthesia and / or ventilation. The ventilation system comprises a device as described above and below. Furthermore, the ventilation system can comprise ventilation equipment, and the device is connected to the ventilation equipment via a first connection part. In addition to or instead of the ventilation equipment, the ventilation system can comprise, in addition to the device, a respiratory gas line system for guiding respiratory gas towards and / or away from the ventilation equipment, and the device is connected to the respiratory gas line system via a second connection part.

[0031] The following describes various embodiments of the present invention. These embodiments should not be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0032] According to one embodiment, the third line section can include a first sub-section that slopes downward toward the first line section and / or a second sub-section that slopes downward toward the second line section, such that condensate can flow out of the third line section in at least one direction based on gravity.

[0033] In other words, the first or second sub-section can have a specific inclination with respect to the horizontal line in the operable state of the device when viewed in the longitudinal direction. When viewed in the vertical direction, the first end of the first sub-section can be (significantly) higher than the second end of the first sub-section, for example, at least 1 cm, at least 10 cm, at least 50 cm, or at least 100 cm higher. Correspondingly, the same applies to the second sub-section. Between the first end and the second end, the first or second sub-section can extend at least partially linearly and / or at least partially curved. It may be expedient if the first or second sub-section slopes continuously, i.e., without interruption, toward the respective line section. However, interrupted deformations are also possible. The first (higher) end of the first sub-section can be fluidly connected to the first (higher) end of the second sub-section in the transition section, as will be described in more detail below, for example. In that case, the second (lower) end of the first sub-section can be fluidly connected to the first line section, and the second (lower) end of the second sub-section can be fluidly connected to the second line section.

[0034] Respiratory gas that may contain exhaled gas from a patient is guided through the line. Exhaled gas usually contains a certain amount of moisture. For example, even after additional dehumidification by a chemical dehumidifier, the respiratory gas may still contain a certain amount of residual moisture. Therefore, moisture from the respiratory gas may condense as condensate on the inner surface of the line. The condensate may form the basis for the growth of a biofilm. By allowing the condensate to flow out from the third line section, the third section can be kept with its inner surface in a dry state. Thereby, the growth of the biofilm on the inner surface can be prevented or at least hindered.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the first sub-section and the second sub-section can transition into each other in the transition section. In that case, the two sub-sections can slope downward from the transition section towards their respective line sections. Alternatively or additionally, the transition section can be the highest point of the third line section or the line in the operable state of the device.

[0036] The "transition section" can generally be understood as the (liquid-tight) connection of the two ends of the two sub-sections. For example, the transition section can be formed tubularly and / or by means of a sleeve and / or by a material-bonding connection.

[0037] For example, the two sub-sections can be at least partially straight and / or at least partially bent tubes, and are connected to each other at one end such that the resulting combination of tubes has an inverted V-shape or an inverted U-shape. In that case, the transition section can include the tip of the inverted V-shape or U-shape.

[0038] For example, the two sub-sections transition into each other in the transition section, and in that case, they can be aligned with each other at a first angle. The first angle can be, for example, 160° or less, 120° or less, 90° or less, 60° or less, or 30° or less.

[0039] By forming a highest point in the transition section, it is possible to advantageously ensure that the condensate can flow out in at least one direction solely by gravity. Furthermore, this can prevent condensate from other sections of the line from flowing into the third line section (against gravity).

[0040] According to one embodiment, at least one of the two subsections can include an inclined section whose longitudinal direction extends obliquely with respect to the horizontal line in the operable state of the device and / or a vertical section whose longitudinal direction extends vertically in the operable state of the device.

[0041] The "vertical section" can be understood such that in the operable state of the device, its longitudinal direction can extend (ideally) perpendicular to the first subsection or the second subsection aligned horizontally. Thus, the vertical section and the first or second subsection can be aligned with each other at a third angle, for example 90°. However, a deviation from the 90° angle, for example 1° or more, 5° or more, or 10° or more, can also be suitable.

[0042] For example, the inclined section and the vertical section can directly transition into each other, for example. It is also possible that the inclined section and the vertical section are connected via a separate connecting section.

[0043] According to one embodiment, the vertical section can be connected to the respective line section at one end and to the inclined section at the other end.

[0044] For example, the inclined sections of the two subsections can transition into each other at one end in the transition section, in which case they can be aligned with each other at a first angle.

[0045] The diagonal sections of the two subsections can each transition to their respective vertical sections at the other end. In that case, the diagonal section and the vertical section can be aligned with each other at a second angle. The second angle can be, for example, 160° or less, 120° or less, 90° or less, 60° or less, 45° or less, or 30° or less.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the device can further comprise a heater designed to heat the third line section to a first temperature to avoid condensation in the third line section and / or to heat to a second temperature to kill and / or inactivate bacteria.

[0047] The "heater" can be understood as a device capable of generating heat within or on the line. For example, the heater can be designed as a heating wire, such as a resistance wire, that extends along the line and can radiate heat inside the line. The heating wire can be placed, for example, on the outer wall of the line or incorporated into the material of the line.

[0048] However, the heater can also be designed as a heating hose, a heating rod, a heating cartridge, a radiator, or a resistance heater. The heater can be coupled, for example, to the controller of the ventilation equipment, thereby enabling control via the ventilation equipment.

[0049] The first and second temperatures may coincide with each other or may be significantly different from each other. In the latter case, for example, the heater can be designed to alternately heat the third line section to the first temperature and the second temperature.

[0050] For example, a heater can be designed to heat a third line section using an appropriate closed-loop controller (Regelung) so that the actual temperature approaches the first or second temperature. However, the heater can also be designed to heat the third line section, for example, at specific intervals, using an appropriate open-loop controller (Steuerung), i.e., without feedback of the actual temperature of the third line section, such that the average actual temperature of the third line section approaches the first or second temperature over a plurality of heating intervals. It is conceivable to design a ventilation system to alternately switch the heater on and off.

[0051] For example, the first temperature can be set to 30°C to 100°C. By heating the third line section to the first temperature, condensation can be avoided or prevented, and thus the inner surface of the line can be dried.

[0052] For example, the second temperature can be set to 60°C to 160°C. By heating the third line section to the second temperature, the line can be at least partially heat-sterilized. Temperatures above 70°C can already kill or inactivate many microorganisms.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the device can further comprise an irradiator that can be designed to irradiate the third line section with radiation to kill and / or inactivate bacteria. In particular, the irradiator can be designed to irradiate the third line section with ultraviolet light.

[0054] The "irradiator" can be understood as a device that can generate (electromagnetic) radiation and direct it onto or into the line. In particular, the irradiator can be understood as a device that can generate ultraviolet light (UV radiation) to disinfect air, water, or surfaces. For example, the irradiator can be designed as a UV radiator, a UV light-emitting diode, a diode laser, an excimer laser, a quartz lamp, or a mercury lamp.

[0055] The (UV) radiation emitted by the irradiator can, for example, be in the wavelength range of 10 to 380 nanometers. In particular, the radiation can be UV-C radiation having a wavelength of 100 to 280 nanometers, preferably 205 to 280 nanometers, and particularly preferably 254 nanometers.

[0056] The irradiator can be arranged inside or outside the third line section. In the first case, for example, a mercury lamp can be arranged in the line to generate UV light by mercury discharge. For example, an excimer laser that introduces excimer molecules that emit ultraviolet light in the unexcited state (Abregen) can also be arranged in the line.

[0057] In the second case, it can be expedient if the third line section is made of a material that is permeable to each radiation, for example UV light, in at least some regions, in particular quartz glass, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and / or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Thereby, it is ensured that the radiation can reach the third line section, and as a result, bacteria are killed or inactivated there. In a specific embodiment, the third line section can include, for example, a quartz window that can guide UV light inside the line.

[0058] According to one embodiment, the device can further include a collector designed to collect and / or derive condensate from the first line section and / or the second line section before the condensate reaches the third line section.

[0059] The collector can include, for example, a collection container for collecting the condensate. The collection container can be arranged in the first line section and / or the second line section. It is also possible that at least one first collection container is arranged in the first line section and at least one second collection container is arranged in the second line section (separately from the first collection container). The "collection container" can be understood, for example, as a shallow dish or a tank.

[0060] Additionally or alternatively, the collection device can include a lead-out (Ableitung) for deriving condensate from the third line section. The lead-out can branch off from the first line section and / or the second line section. It is also possible for a first lead-out to branch off from the first line section and a second lead-out to branch off (separately from the first lead-out) from the second line section. The “lead-out” can be understood, for example, as a (flexible) hose, a (rigid) pipe, or a combination of both. Alternatively, instead of one lead-out, the collector can include a corresponding single connection for connecting one lead-out, or instead of a plurality of lead-outs, a corresponding plurality of connections for connecting a plurality of lead-outs.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the line can be made at least partially of metal and / or polymer material, in particular polyamide, in at least the third line section. Other possible materials are, for example, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), quartz glass, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

[0062] Since such materials do not provide a nutrient medium for bacteria, they can prevent and / or impede bacterial growth. Furthermore, such materials can be heat-resistant and / or UV-resistant in particular. Furthermore, the use of quartz glass, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) makes it possible, for example, to fabricate the third line section to be permeable to UV light. Thereby, the line can be disinfected with appropriate temperature or UV light and still have a durable design, at least in the third line section.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the line can have an anti-adhesive and / or anti-microbial inner surface at least in the third line section.

[0064] Using the anti-adhesive inner surface, adhesion, i.e., the attachment of bacteria and biofilms inside the line in contact with the breathing gas, can be prevented or at least (strongly) avoided. Such an anti-adhesive inner surface can be realized, for example, by special surface modification at the molecular level and / or structural level.

[0065] For example, the inner surface can be designed to have hydrophobic properties. In this way, the unwanted accumulation of water or water-based substances such as water or biofilms can be effectively prevented. Similar effects can be achieved by a specially friction-reducing and / or (hierarchically) structured inner surface. It is advantageous to reduce the wettability of the inner surface. For example, the inner surface can have micro and / or nanoscopic structures with the lotus effect.

[0066] With an anti-microbial inner surface, it can be achieved that bacteria are accurately killed or inactivated, or at least (strongly) the growth of bacteria is inhibited. Thus, the formation of biofilms in the third line section (and beyond) can be hindered.

[0067] According to one embodiment, the inner surface can be formed by a layer containing at least one of the following materials, namely silver, copper, zinc, platinum, or their alloys. In some embodiments, the line can also be made of a plastic mixed with an antibacterial additive, such as thiabendazole, zinc pyrithione, isothiazolinone, or 10,10'-oxybisphenoxarsine, at least in the third line section.

[0068] The combination of different materials can be advantageous because different materials can have different effects. For example, zinc and silver have a strong antibacterial effect even at low concentrations, but at high concentrations, they also become antifungal. Other active ingredients such as isothiazolinone and thiabendazole have excellent antifungal effects, but their antibacterial effects are not so high.

[0069] Therefore, the inner surface contains an antimicrobial substance and / or can release it into the surrounding environment. The antimicrobial substance can prevent or at least impede the growth of bacteria at the molecular level. Examples of such antimicrobial substances are silver, copper, or copper alloys, from which silver ions or copper ions can be released. These have a bactericidal effect.

[0070] Therefore, the above-described surface properties and / or surface coatings can actively prevent or suppress the formation of biofilms by releasing active ingredients that act on bacteria. Furthermore, the formation of biofilms can also be passively prevented or suppressed by making it more difficult for bacteria or biofilms to adhere or preventing their adhesion.

[0071] The surface coating can be produced, for example, by chemical and / or physical vapor deposition. This is a particularly simple production of the inner surface.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the device can further comprise a valve designed to allow a respiratory gas flow from a first connection to a second connection through a line and to block the flow from the second connection to the first connection.

[0073] For this purpose, the valve can be designed as a check valve, in particular as a mechanical check valve. This can be a simple design or, for example, a design loaded as a spring-loaded check valve. However, an electrically controllable (solenoid) valve is also possible. This valve is designed to allow the respiratory gas flow from the ventilation device to the AGFS. Furthermore, the valve is designed to block the respiratory gas flow from the AGFS to the ventilation device. Thereby, it is possible to prevent contaminated or possibly dirty (respiratory) gas from flowing back from the respiratory gas line system to the ventilation device and further to the patient.

[0074] The valve can be arranged in the first line section or the second line section. For example, the valve can be arranged much closer to the second connection part than to the first connection part. This can be understood as the distance from the valve to the second connection part being, for example, 70% or less, 50% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less, or 1% or less of the distance from the valve to the first connection part. The valve can also be arranged directly adjacent to the second connection part.

[0075] Such an arrangement of the valve has the advantage that gas that may be contaminated with bacteria does not enter the line from the breathing gas line system at all or enters only in very small amounts. Therefore, bacterial contamination in the direction of the ventilation device can be effectively prevented.

[0076] According to one embodiment, the device can further comprise a filter designed to filter bacteria from the breathing gas flowing through the line. "Filtering" can be understood, for example, as (mechanical or chemical) separation of bacteria from the breathing gas, (chemical or biological) inactivation of bacteria, or a combination of both.

[0077] According to one embodiment, the filter can be formed by a particulate filter and / or a chemical filter.

[0078] The filter can be designed to mechanically capture bacteria using, for example, a suitable filter material. The filter can include, for example, at least one of the following types of filters, namely, a (high-performance) particulate filter in the form of, for example, an EPA filter (EPA = Efficient Particulate Air), a particulate filter in the form of, for example, a HEPA filter (HEPA = High-Efficiency Particulate Air), a high-performance particulate filter in the form of, for example, a ULPA filter (ULPA = Ultra-Low Penetration Air). In a preferred embodiment, the filter is a HEPA filter.

[0079] A chemical filter can be understood as a device that can chemically inactivate and / or absorb bacteria. For example, a chemical filter can include at least one of the following devices, namely, an activated carbon filter, an ozone filter, and a plasma generator.

[0080] The activated carbon filter can be designed to absorb bacteria. The ozone filter can be designed to introduce ozone into a line to sterilize the line. The plasma generator can be designed to generate atmospheric plasma and introduce it into a line to sterilize the line.

[0081] The filter can be arranged, for example, in the first line section and / or the second line section. For example, the filter can be arranged significantly closer to the second connection than to the first connection. This can be understood as the distance between the filter and the second connection being, for example, 70% or less, 50% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less, or 1% or less of the distance between the filter and the first connection. The filter can also be arranged directly adjacent to the second connection. Such an arrangement of the filter has the advantage that gas that may be contaminated with bacteria hardly enters the line from the breathing gas line system or enters only in very small amounts. Therefore, bacterial contamination in the direction of the ventilation equipment can be effectively prevented.

[0082] For example, the filter can be arranged between the valve and the second connection in the line. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to arrange it between the valve and the first connection.

[0083] Several such filters can also be arranged at different locations in the line, for example, connected in series with each other. In that case, the filters can have filter types that are at least partially different from each other and / or at least partially match each other. In this way, the filtering effect can be further improved.

[0084] According to one embodiment, the line can have an overall length of 2 cm to 100 cm, preferably 3 cm to 70 cm, particularly preferably 3 cm to 51 cm, and even more preferably 3 cm to 11 cm. According to one embodiment, the third line section can have a length of 2 cm to 50 cm, preferably 2 cm to 20 cm, and particularly preferably 2 cm to 5 cm. According to one embodiment, the third line section can have a diameter of 5 mm to 50 mm, preferably 8 mm to 40 mm, and particularly preferably 10 mm to 30 mm.

[0085] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is not limited to the described examples. Neither the description nor the drawings should be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0086]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0087] The figures are highly schematic and not to scale. When the same reference signs are used in different figures, these reference signs indicate the same or features of the same function.

[0088] Figure 1 shows a ventilation system 100 for anesthesia and / or ventilation. The ventilation system 100 comprises a ventilation device 1. Alternatively or additionally, the ventilation system 100 can comprise a breathing gas line system 50 for guiding breathing gas towards and / or away from the ventilation device 1. Furthermore, the ventilation system 100 comprises a device 20 for bacterial defense as described above and below.

[0089] The ventilation device 1 includes a breathing gas line 5 for guiding breathing gas and at least one connection part 2. The ventilation device 1 usually includes a housing 10, and the breathing gas line 5 can be at least partially arranged within the housing.

[0090] The connection part 2 is arranged, for example, on the housing 10 and can be a breathing gas outlet and / or a breathing gas inlet. The patient interface 4 can be connected to the ventilation device 1 via the connection part 2, and breathing gas can be supplied to a living being (not shown here) via the patient interface. The patient interface 4 can be directly connected to the connection part 2 (not shown). A hose or a hose system 3 can also be connected to the connection part 2. The hose or the hose system 3 can connect the patient interface 4 to the ventilation device 1 so as to guide breathing gas.

[0091] A filter 7 or a filter system consisting of several filters can be arranged within or on the connection part 2. The filter 7 can be a particle filter and / or a particulate filter. The filter 7 can be replaceable. The filter 7 can separate particulates, especially bacteria, from the breathing gas. The filter 7 can be selected from the group of high-efficiency particulate air filters (EPA filters), particulate filters (HEPA filters), and ultra-low penetration air filters (ULPA filters). In a preferred embodiment, the filter is at least a HEPA filter.

[0092] The breathing gas line 5 can be formed at least partially inside the housing 10. It is also possible to form the breathing gas line 5 at least partially outside the housing 10, for example, within the hose system 3. The breathing gas line 5 can include an intake branch 12. Alternatively or additionally, the breathing gas line 5 can include an exhalation branch 14.

[0093] In some embodiments, the intake branch 12 and the exhalation branch 14 can meet each other at the transition line 13. The transition line 13 can be designed to guide the breathing gas between the intake branch 12 and the exhalation branch 14. In that case, the intake branch 12 can be designed to guide the breathing gas between the transition line 13 and the connection part 2. The exhalation branch 14 can be designed to guide the breathing gas between the connection part 2 and the transition line 13.

[0094] The flow direction 6 of the breathing gas, indicated by the dashed arrow in the figure, can be specified via a breathing gas drive device (not shown here) and / or a valve of the breathing gas line 5. The flow direction 6 generally extends substantially from the transition line 13 to the connection part 2 within the intake branch 12. The flow direction 6 generally extends substantially from the connection part 2 to the transition line 13 within the exhalation branch 14.

[0095] The hose 3 can be used for intake and / or exhalation. In some embodiments, it is also possible to connect a hose system 3 having at least one intake hose and at least one exhalation hose (not shown). In this case, the intake branch 12 can be connected to the intake hose, and the exhalation hose can be connected to the exhalation branch 14.

[0096] Accordingly, the patient can have breathing gas supplied via the inhalation hose and exhale through the exhalation hose. The exhaled gas can be returned to the ventilator 1 via the exhalation hose, more precisely to the exhalation branch 14. By returning the exhaled gas to the ventilator 1, a breathing gas circuit can be realized. The exhaled gas can be used again for inhalation. When using a two-hose system, the connection part 2 can be designed as a Y-piece through which the inhalation hose and the exhalation hose can be connected.

[0097] When breathing gas is guided in the circuit, carbon dioxide CO2 can be removed from the exhaled gas. For this purpose, a CO2 absorber (not shown here) can be arranged in the breathing gas line 5. Furthermore, moisture can be removed from the exhaled gas. For this purpose, a dehumidifier (not shown here) can be arranged in the breathing gas line 5. Furthermore, fresh gas and / or oxygen and / or anesthetic can be supplied to the breathing gas as required.

[0098] The ventilator can include a breathing gas outlet 15. The breathing gas outlet 15 can be arranged in or on the transition line 13. The breathing gas outlet 15 can be arranged in the housing 10 of the ventilator. The breathing gas outlet 15 can also be arranged in or on the housing 10 of the ventilator and arranged to form an outlet therefrom.

[0099] Via the breathing gas outlet 15, the breathing gas can be at least temporarily and at least partially led out from the breathing gas line 5. By leading out partial gas from the circuit, the pressure during inhalation can be limited. Furthermore, by leading out partial gas, it can be ensured that gas exchange takes place. Through gas exchange, metabolic products (such as methane or ammonia, etc.) from the lungs can be removed from the circuit. Fresh gas and / or oxygen and / or anesthetic can be supplied to the circuit as required.

[0100] For this purpose, the valve 16 can be arranged inside or above the breathing gas outlet 15. The valve 16 can be designed to derive breathing gas from the breathing gas line 5. The valve 16 can be designed, for example, as a controllable relief valve (APL valve) for adjusting the intake pressure. The valve 16 can be designed to derive breathing gas from the breathing gas line 5 when the pressure in the breathing gas line 5 exceeds the desired preset intake pressure. The valve 16 can be designed to completely derive breathing gas from the gas circuit 5. Preferably, the valve 16 can be designed to only partially derive breathing gas from the gas circuit.

[0101] Since the ventilation system 100 is also designed to anesthetize the patient, the derived breathing gas may contain substances that may be harmful to health and / or the environment, such as, for example, volatile anesthetics or metabolites, in addition to normal breathing gas. For this reason, in an advantageous embodiment, the breathing gas can be derived and discharged in a controlled manner.

[0102] For this purpose, the ventilation system 100 can comprise a breathing gas line system 50 for controlling and guiding the breathing gas. The breathing gas line system 50 can be designed to guide the breathing gas towards the ventilator 1. In particular, the breathing gas line system 50 can also be designed to guide the breathing gas away from the ventilator 1. In particular, excess breathing gas or gas mixture can be removed from the gas circuit leading to the patient via the breathing gas line system 50. Substances that may be harmful to the environment or health can be removed, regenerated, and / or discharged in a controlled manner via the breathing gas line system 50. For this purpose, the breathing gas line system 50 includes a breathing gas line 51 for guiding the breathing gas. Furthermore, the breathing gas line system 50 includes a breathing gas inlet 52 for connecting the breathing gas line 51 to the breathing gas outlet 15 of the ventilator 1.

[0103] Ventilation system 100 further comprises an apparatus 20 for bacteria defense. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus 20 is arranged between the ventilation equipment 1 and the respiratory gas line system 50 to protect these two components from mutual contamination by bacteria. The apparatus 20 is designed as a bacteria barrier to prevent bacteria from entering the respiratory gas line system 50 from the ventilation equipment 1. In particular, the apparatus 20 also prevents bacteria from entering the ventilation equipment 1 from the respiratory gas line system 50.

[0104] The apparatus 20 comprises a line 21 for guiding the respiratory gas. The line 21 can be arranged between the ventilation equipment 1 and the respiratory gas line system 50. The line 21 includes a first connection portion 23 for connecting the line 21 to the ventilation equipment. Further, the line 21 comprises a second connection portion 25 for connecting the line 21 to the respiratory gas line system 50.

[0105] The apparatus 20 can be coupled to the ventilation equipment 1 via the first connection portion 23. In particular, the first connection portion 23 can be coupled to the respiratory gas outlet 15 of the ventilation equipment 1. Alternatively or additionally, the apparatus 20 can be coupled to the respiratory gas line system 50 via the second connection portion 25. In particular, the second connection portion 25 can be coupled to the respiratory gas inlet 52 of the respiratory gas line system 50. It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the line 21 can be arranged between the respiratory gas outlet 15 of the ventilation equipment 1 and the respiratory gas inlet 52 of the respiratory gas line system 50.

[0106] In some embodiments, the apparatus 20 can also be a separately designed closed unit, for example with its own housing. In that case, the apparatus 20 can be coupled to the other components of the system, namely the ventilation equipment 1 and the respiratory gas line system 50, via the two connection portions 23, 25.

[0107] In some embodiments, the device 20 can also be housed, for example, fixedly incorporated or removably, within the housing 10 of the ventilation device 1. The device 20 can preferably be designed to be removably taken out from the ventilation device 1.

[0108] Accordingly, the device 20 can be designed as an additional equipment set that can be inserted into an existing ventilation system or ventilation device. The device 20 can be simply designed, for example, as a small box that can be connected to the ventilation device. The dimensions can be in the range of, for example, 3×3×3 cm to 10×10×10 cm. The device 20 needs to be mechanically stably, airtightly, and properly attached to the device. In addition, since there must be electricity for the heater and a control circuit is required to maintain the temperature, an electrical connection part needs to be provided. Accordingly, the device 20 (or the additional equipment set) can also include control electronics and / or electrical connection parts and / or a display device.

[0109] In a specific embodiment, the device 20 can be designed, for example, as a stainless steel block. This stainless steel block can be incorporated into the ventilation device and can be connected to a second stainless steel block including a heating cartridge. In this way, particularly simple heat transfer to the device 20 is provided.

[0110] The line 21 can be made of, for example, a metal or polymer material or a combination of the two aforementioned materials. Further, the line 21 can have an inner surface that is at least partially anti-adhesive and / or anti-microbial. In this case, the inner surface can be formed, for example, by a layer of silver or copper.

[0111] Figures 2 to 4 show embodiments of the present invention, and their spatial representations are very schematic but basically correspond to the spatial representations in which the device 20 is in an operable state. This means that gravity acts from the upper paper end to the lower paper end of the sheet.

[0112] Figure 2 shows an apparatus 20 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Line 21 has a first line section 22 that includes a first connection portion 23. Line 21 is connectable to the ventilation device 1 via the first connection portion 23. Line 21 has a second line section 24 that includes a second connection portion 25. Line 21 is connectable to the breathing gas line system 50 via the second connection portion 25. Further, line 21 includes a third line section 26. The first line section 22 and the second line section 24 are connected via the third line section 26.

[0113] The different sections of line 21 described above and below are fluidly connected. The ends of the two sections can be connected to each other such that line 21 has a consistent lumen through which breathing gas can preferably be conducted without hindrance. The connection is made, for example, in a material-bonded manner.

[0114] The third line section 26 is designed as a bacteria barrier to prevent bacteria from entering from the first line section 22 to the second line section 24 and / or from the second line section 24 to the first line section 22.

[0115] Line 21 can have an overall length of 2 cm to 100 cm, preferably 3 cm to 70 cm, particularly preferably 3 cm to 51 cm, and even more preferably 3 cm to 11 cm. The third line section 26 can have a length of 2 cm to 50 cm, preferably 2 cm to 20 cm, and particularly preferably 2 cm to 5 cm. The third line section 26 can have a diameter of 5 mm to 50 mm, preferably 8 mm to 40 mm, and particularly preferably 10 mm to 30 mm.

[0116] It can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 4 that the third line section 26 can include a first sub-section 27 that slopes downward towards the first line section 22. Further, it is shown that the third line section 26 can further include a second sub-section 28 that slopes downward towards the second line section 24. In a simpler exemplary embodiment, it can also be aimed that only the first sub-section 27 or only the second sub-section 28 is designed to slope downward towards the respective line sections 22, 24 (not shown).

[0117] The possible condensate K can flow out from the third line section 26 in at least one direction based on gravity due to the downward slope of the sub-sections 27, 28. In FIG. 2, the outflow direction of the condensate K is shown as an arrow as an example.

[0118] Line 21 has the longest spread in the longitudinal direction. In the operable state, line 21 can be arranged at least partially horizontally when viewed in its longitudinal direction. From these figures, it becomes clear that, for example, the first line section 22 and the second line section 24 can be arranged horizontally. In contrast, the third line section 26 is not arranged at least partially horizontally. In the exemplary embodiment according to the figure, the first sub-section 27 and the second sub-section 28 have an inclination with respect to the horizontal line at least partially.

[0119] The ends of the sub-sections 26, 27 connected to the first line section 22 or the second line section 24 are located at a much lower position than the opposite ends when viewed in the vertical direction.

[0120] The first sub-section 27 and the second sub-section 28 can meet each other at opposite ends in the transition section 29. This transition section is located at a considerably higher position in the vertical direction than the opposite ends of the first sub-section 27 and the second sub-section 28 respectively. Due to the resulting inclination, the outflow direction of the condensate K is specified.

[0121] Figures 2 to 4 show that the first sub-section 27 and the second sub-section 28 can slope downwards from the transition section 29 towards their respective line sections 22, 24. In that case, the transition section 29 forms the highest point of the third line section 26 or the line 21 in the operable state of the device 20.

[0122] In the exemplary embodiments of Figures 2 to 4, the first sub-section 27 and the second sub-section 28 are designed to be mirror-symmetrical. Contrary to what is shown in the figures, the line 21 or the third line section 26 can also be designed asymmetrically, for example, in the form of a combination of the embodiments according to Figures 2, 3, or 4.

[0123] Figure 2 shows that the sections 27, 28 can extend linearly and the inclination can be continuous. In this example, the first sub-section 27 and the second sub-section 28 meet each other at one end in the transition section 29. There, they can form an angle with each other at a first angle α. The first angle α can be, for example, 60°. Therefore, the resulting shape of the third line section 26 can have an inverted "V" shape as a whole. The transition section 29 forms the tip of the inverted "V". Other shapes are also conceivable, for example, as shown as examples in Figures 3 and 4.

[0124] Figure 3 shows the apparatus 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 3, the first sub-section 27 and the second sub-section 28 are each formed to be bent. Therefore, the resulting shape of the third line section 26 has an inverted "U" shape as a whole. In that case, the transition section 29 forms the bottom of the inverted U.

[0125] Figure 4 shows the apparatus 20 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 4, the first sub-section 27 and the second sub-section 28 are each designed to have at least partially straight, but several sections 30, 31 in different directions. A curved design of the sections 30, 31 is also possible (not shown).

[0126] In the example according to Figure 4, it is shown that at least one of the two sub-sections 27, 28 can have an inclined section 30 whose longitudinal direction extends obliquely with respect to the horizontal line in the operable state of the apparatus 20. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the two sub-sections 27, 28 can have a vertical section 31 whose longitudinal direction extends vertically in the operable state of the apparatus 20.

[0127] It can be seen from Figure 4 that the vertical section 31 can be connected to the respective line sections 22, 24 at one end and to the respective inclined sections 31 at the other end. In the example according to Figure 4, the two sub-sections 27, 28 are designed to be mirror-symmetrical. An asymmetrical design is also conceivable (not shown).

[0128] Figure 4 shows, as an example, that the vertical section 31 is connected to the respective first line section 22 or the second line section 24 at one end. The vertical section 31 and the first line section 22 or the second line section 24 form a third angle γ, for example 90°, with each other.

[0129] The vertical section 31 can be connected at its other end to one end of each of the diagonal sections 30, respectively. There, the vertical section 31 and the diagonal section 30 can be angled with respect to each other at a second angle β. The angle γ can be, for example, 45°.

[0130] The diagonal sections 30 can meet at their other ends in the transition section 29. There, they can be angled with respect to each other at a first angle α. The first angle α can be, for example, 90°.

[0131] As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the device 20 can comprise a heater 40. For example, in order to avoid condensation in the third line section 26, the third line section 26 can be heated to a first temperature using a heater 40 that can be designed as a heating wire surrounding the line 21 or the third line section 26. Alternatively or additionally, the heater 40 can heat the third line section 26 to a second temperature at which bacteria are killed and / or inactivated.

[0132] Furthermore, the device 20 can comprise an irradiator 42 that can be designed to irradiate the third line section 26 with radiation 43 that kills and / or inactivates bacteria. For example, the irradiator 42 can be designed as a UV radiator to irradiate the third line section 26 with ultraviolet radiation 43.

[0133] As exemplarily shown in FIG. 4, the device 20 can further comprise a collector 44 that can be designed to collect and / or divert the condensate K from the first line section 22 and / or the second line section 24 before it reaches the third line section 26. The collector 44 can be arranged, for example, in the first line section 22 as a collection container. Furthermore, the collector 44 can also be installed in the second line section 24.

[0134] As exemplarily shown in FIG. 4, the apparatus 20 can further comprise a valve 46. The valve 46 can be designed to enable the breathing gas flow from the first connection part 23 through line 21 to the second connection part 25 and to block the flow from the second connection part 25 to the first connection part 23. The valve 46 can be designed, for example, as a (spring-loaded) check valve. For example, the valve 46 can be arranged directly adjacent to the second connection part 25. Thereby, it is possible to prevent gas from flowing into the line 21 or the ventilator 1 from the breathing gas line system 50.

[0135] As can be seen from FIG. 4, at least one filter 48, for example a particulate filter, can be arranged in the apparatus 20. The filter 48 can filter bacteria from the breathing gas flowing through line 21. The filter can be arranged, for example, in the second line section 24 directly adjacent to the second connection part 25. For example, the filter 48 can be arranged between the second connection part 25 and the valve 46. The filter 48 can capture bacteria that may come from the breathing gas line system 50 before they can enter the line 21.

[0136] Finally, it is noted that terms such as "having", "comprising", "including", "with" etc. do not exclude other elements or steps, and that the indefinite article in the singular does not exclude the plural.

[0137] Furthermore, it is noted that features or steps described with reference to one of the above embodiments can also be used in combination with features or steps described with reference to other of the above embodiments.

[0138] The reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of the subject matter defined by the claims.

[0139] Although the present invention has been described in detail using the above-exemplified embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to these exemplified embodiments. Rather, changes can be made such that individual features can be omitted or other combinations of the described individual features can be realized, as long as the protection scope of the appended patent claims is not departed from. The present disclosure includes all combinations of the above individual features.

Explanation of Signs

[0140] 1 Ventilation device 2 Connection part 3 Hose / hose system 4 Patient interface 5 Breathing gas line 6 Flow direction of breathing gas 7 Filter 10 Housing 12 Intake branch 13 Transition line 14 Exhalation branch 15 Breathing gas outlet 16 Valve 20 Device for bacterial defense 21 Line 22 First line section 23 First connection part 24 Second line section 25 Second connection part 26 Third line section 27 First sub-section 28 Second sub-section 29 Transition section 30 Diagonal section 31 Vertical section 40 Heater 42 Irradiator 43 Radiation 44 Collector 46 Valve 48 Filter 50 Breathing gas line system (AGS) 51 Breathing gas line 52 Breathing gas inlet 100 Ventilation System K Condensate α, β, γ First / Second / Third Angle

Claims

1. A device (20) for bacterial protection in a ventilation system (100), which comprises, in addition to the device (20), a ventilation device (1) and a respiratory gas line system (50) for conducting respiratory gas in at least one direction towards the ventilation device (1) and away from the ventilation device, the device (20) comprising a line (21) for conducting respiratory gas between the ventilation device (1) and the respiratory gas line system (50), the line (21) comprising a first line section including a first connection (23) for connecting the line (21) to the ventilation device (1). a second line section (24) including a second connection (25) for connecting the line (21) to the breathing gas line system (50), and a third line section (26) connecting the first line section (22) to the second line section (24), the third line section (26) being designed as a bacteria barrier preventing bacteria from entering from the first line section (22) to the second line section (24) and / or from the second line section (24) to the first line section (22).

2. 2. The apparatus (20) of claim 1, wherein the third line section (26) includes at least one of a first subsection (27) sloping downward toward the first line section (22) and a second subsection (28) sloping downward toward the second line section (24), so that condensate (K) can flow out of the third line section (26) in at least one direction based on gravity.

3. the first subsection (27) and the second subsection (28) merge into one another at a transition section (29); 3. The apparatus (20) of claim 2, wherein the first subsection (27) and the second subsection (28) slope downwardly from the transition section (29) towards the respective line section (22, 24), and the transition section (29) forms the highest point of the third line section (26) or the line (21) in an operational state of the apparatus (20).

4. 4. The device (20) of claim 2 or 3, wherein at least one of the two subsections (27, 28) includes at least one of an oblique section (30) whose longitudinal direction extends obliquely to the horizontal in the operative state of the device (20) and a vertical section (31) whose longitudinal direction extends vertically in the operative state of the device (20).

5. 5. The apparatus (20) of claim 4, wherein the vertical section (31) is connected at one end to the respective line section (22, 24) and at the other end to the diagonal section (30).

6. 6. The apparatus (20) according to claim 1, further comprising a heater (40) designed to heat the third line section (26) to at least one of a first temperature for avoiding condensation in the third line section (26) and a second temperature for at least one of killing and inactivating bacteria.

7. 7. The device (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising an irradiator (42) designed to irradiate the third line section (26) with radiation (43), in particular ultraviolet radiation, for killing and / or inactivating bacteria.

8. 8. The apparatus (20) according to claim 1, further comprising a collector (44) designed to collect and / or direct condensate (K) from at least one of the first line section (22) and the second line section (24) before the condensate reaches the third line section (26).

9. said line (21), at least in said third line section (26), is at least partially made from a metal and / or polymeric material, in particular polyamide, and said line (21), at least in said third line section (26), has at least partially an anti-adhesive and / or anti-microbial inner surface, The device (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least one of

10. The apparatus (20) of claim 9, wherein the inner surface is formed by a layer comprising at least one of silver, copper, zinc, platinum, or alloys thereof.

11. 11. The device (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a valve (46) designed to allow breathing gas flow through the line (21) from the first connection (23) to the second connection (25) and to block breathing gas flow from the second connection (25) to the first connection (23).

12. 12. The device (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a filter (48) designed to filter bacteria from the breathing gas flowing through the line (21).

13. The apparatus (20) of claim 12, wherein the filter (48) is formed by at least one of a suspended solids filter and a chemical filter.

14. The line (21) has a total length of 2 cm to 100 cm, preferably 3 cm to 70 cm, particularly preferably 3 cm to 51 cm, and even more preferably 3 cm to 11 cm; the third line section (26) has a length of 2 cm to 50 cm, preferably 2 cm to 20 cm, particularly preferably 2 cm to 5 cm; and the third line section (26) has a diameter of 5 mm to 50 mm, preferably 8 mm to 40 mm, particularly preferably 10 mm to 30 mm; The device (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:

15. A ventilation system (100), comprising: A device (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, The ventilation system (100) comprises: A ventilation device (1), to which the device (20) is connected via a first connection (23), and a breathing gas line system (50) for conducting breathing gas in at least one direction towards and away from the ventilation device (1), the breathing gas line system (50) being connected to the device (20) via a second connection (25); The ventilation system further comprises at least one of the following:

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