TEM-mode coaxial resonator-type nuclear fusion reactor conceived by accelerator engineer

Abstract

To solve the problem in which: in currently developed large-scale nuclear fusion reactors, the D-T reaction, which has a collision cross section being ten or more times larger, is employed, and ohmic heating is mainly used to raise the plasma temperature and sustain the reaction; in the present invention, countless cyclotrons are formed within the space of a TEM-mode coaxial resonator-type cavity, and high-energy collisions are efficiently generated through two-dimensional collisions to induce nuclear fusion reactions; particles that elastically scatter and collide with the wall during the process react with light elements in the wall; in order to utilize cyclotron resonance, controlling the gas pressure is extremely important; by appropriately selecting the size of the cavity and the gas pressure, maximum reaction efficiency can be obtained.SOLUTION: The present invention is a device that uses a magnetic field and a TEM-mode microwave cavity to accelerate hydrogen or deuterium to high energies, cause random collisions to induce nuclear fusion, absorb the energy of the resulting particles, and convert it into heat energy for power generation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention is a device that uses a DC magnetic field and a TEM-mode microwave cavity to accelerate hydrogen and deuterium to high energy, colliding deuterium with deuterium and deuterium with tritium to induce nuclear fusion, and then absorbing the energy of the resulting high-energy particles into the cavity or converting it into thermal or radio-frequency energy for power generation, etc. Although hydrogen rarely undergoes nuclear fusion, it is possible to extract nuclear fusion energy by attaching a thin film of Li, Be, B, etc. to the cavity wall and inducing a fusion reaction with these atomic nuclei. The isotope Li6 is particularly useful because it does not emit radiation with high penetrating power such as neutrons when it reacts with deuterons, and Li7 and B11 are particularly useful when it reacts with protons. [Background technology]

[0002] Currently, the development of nuclear fusion reactors mainly uses the D+T reaction, which can proceed at relatively low temperatures using deuterium (D) and tritium (T). This invention can also be applied to nuclear fusion between deuterium and other light elements such as Li, Be, and B on the wall, which are well known but require high reaction energy. Reactions with light elements such as D+D→He+gamma ray (23.8 MeV), D+D→T+p (4.03 MeV), D+D→He3+n (3.27 MeV), and D+Li, T+Li, etc. on the wall are used. In the case of protons (p), nuclear fusion with light elements such as Li, Be, and B on the cavity wall is used (the fused nuclei eventually separate into two or three He atoms). Here, the unique feature is that reactions with solid targets such as Li, Be, and B on the wall are used, rather than reactions within the plasma.

[0003] In addition to hydrogen, the fuel deuterium is contained in seawater at 0.06%, making it virtually inexhaustible. If the D+D reaction can be realized, it will lead to a solution to humanity's energy problems. As the DD reaction progresses, DT and D-He3 reactions will also be added. It can also be used as a DT reactor and a D-He3 reactor. Li is also abundant as a material for lithium batteries, and B is boron, which is widely used.

[0004] Current test fusion reactors aim to confine plasma in a magnetic field and raise the temperature using current, radio frequency, neutral beam heating, etc., in order to sustain thermonuclear fusion. In this invention, countless radio frequency resonant accelerators (cyclotrons) are formed in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, and the deuterium atoms are accelerated to high energies, causing nuclear fusion through collisions between deuterium atoms accelerated in opposite directions, and with nuclei of light elements such as Li placed on the cavity wall. Problems to be solved by the invention

[0005] The problem that needs to be solved is how to raise the equivalent temperature in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field from 100 million degrees (approximately 10 keV) to several tens of billions of degrees (approximately several hundred keV) to cause a fusion reaction, whereas previous devices have aimed to raise the three-dimensional temperature to over 100 million degrees. Incidentally, according to literature, the cross section of the DT reaction peaks at several tens of keV, while the cross section of other reactions increases at several hundred keV. Since there is no strong confinement by a magnetic field, energy can be extracted by causing nuclear fusion through collisions in space and with walls, which could lead to industrial applications such as power generation. A distinctive feature of this project is that it uses the cyclotron fundamental wave rather than higher harmonics, which are less efficient. Means to solve the problem

[0006] In this invention, a DC magnetic field and a coaxial cavity with an integral multiple of λ / 2 of the TEM mode cyclotron frequency are placed parallel to each other, generating an accelerating electric field in a plane perpendicular to the DC magnetic field (Figure 1). Hydrogen or deuterium gas is introduced into the cavity at moderate pressure, and the hydrogen or deuterium nuclei, which are then converted into a plasma state, undergo cyclotron acceleration around the magnetic field. As their energy increases, they collide with deuterium nuclei accelerated in the opposite direction, resulting in nuclear fusion. To achieve resonance, magnetic field uniformity of approximately one-thousandth of the magnetic field and frequency stability are required. In the case of hydrogen, only scattering occurs, resulting in the hydrogen nuclei escaping the magnetic field and colliding with the wall. The magnetic field (B) strength and the angular frequency of the accelerating cavity must satisfy the well-known relationship ωc = eB / m. This method utilizes a coaxial resonator-type cavity operating at the cyclotron fundamental frequency, enabling efficient acceleration. This method does not require strong magnetic field confinement of the plasma. Acceleration is sufficiently rapid compared to the motion in the magnetic field direction. Furthermore, the use of TEM mode allows for incomplete confinement by a magnetic bottle, enhancing the reaction. Benefits of the Invention

[0007] It can be applied to relatively small nuclear fusion generators, and can be used as a power source for power plants and ships, making it possible to create safe devices that do not produce highly radioactive waste. Since the fuel material can be obtained inexhaustibly from seawater, it will contribute to solving humanity's energy problems. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] Conceptual diagram of a TEM-mode coaxial resonator type fusion reactor

Claims

[Claim 1] This invention combines a DC magnetic field and a TEM mode coaxial resonator cavity in parallel, and selects the magnetic field strength and cavity frequency to generate cyclotron resonance, thereby realizing a nuclear fusion reactor using the D-D reaction, D-T reaction, and D-He3 reaction. The cavity walls are provided with thin films of Li, Be, B, etc. to amplify the reactions. Furthermore, by providing a thin film, it can also be used as a nuclear fusion reactor using hydrogen (p) with light elements on the cavity walls.

Images