Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

To suppress failures in EPSFB. [Solution] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives a session modification command message from the network of a first system that does not include a bearer identifier parameter of a second system associated with a QoS flow in an information element of a certified Quality of Service (QoS) flow description, and a control unit that determines that the bearer identifier parameter of the second system associated with the QoS flow is the same as the association previously notified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

Background Art

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for the purpose of further high data rates, low latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, for the purpose of further large capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9), LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified.

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, also referred to as 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+(plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also under consideration.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Documents

[0004]

Non-Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

[0005] Future wireless communication systems (e.g., 5G) will define how different networks (Networks (NW)) will cooperate. For example, the 3GPP standard defines handover between Evolved Packet Systems (EPS) and 5G Systems (5GS) as a way to switch between communications between different NWs.

[0006] Furthermore, 5G utilizes a method called EPS Fallback (EPSFB), which switches terminals operating on 5GS (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) to EPS connection and provides voice service over LTE.

[0007] However, following existing standards may result in failures in voice calls over EPSFB. When voice calls over EPSFB fail, proper communication may not be performed, potentially leading to a decrease in communication throughput and quality.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can suppress failures in EPSFB. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of this disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives a session modification command message from the network of a first system that does not include a bearer identifier parameter of a second system associated with a QoS flow in an information element of a certified Quality of Service (QoS) flow description, and a control unit that determines that the bearer identifier parameter of the second system associated with the QoS flow is the same as the association previously notified. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, failures in EPSFB can be suppressed. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows an example of the problems with EPSFB identified by the inventors when following the PDU session modifications of existing standards. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows an example of an Authorized QoS flow description IE included in a PDU session modification command message according to the first embodiment. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows an example of an Authorized QoS flow description IE included in a PDU session modification command message according to the second embodiment. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] (Various alternative readings) In this disclosure, text enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding text (e.g., a spelling explanation), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary information. Similarly, text enclosed in square brackets ([]) may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or as excluding (ignoring) the brackets. Note that parentheses () and square brackets ([]) may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0013] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0014] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate, select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operable may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0015] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Element (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0016] In this disclosure, the upper-layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0017] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC control element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0018] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), etc.

[0019] Terms related to 5G in the present disclosure can be read as terms of another technology / system (e.g., 6G). Also, when such a reading is made, for example, it is naturally understood by those skilled in the art that a Network Function (NF) can be read as a function similar to that of a 5G NF (or a device having a similar function).

[0020] (PDU session modification procedure) In 5G NR, a Quality of Service (QoS) model is based on a QoS flow. A QoS flow corresponds to the finest granularity of QoS differentiation in a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session. One or more QoS flows may exist within one PDU session.

[0021] A QoS Flow Identifier (QFI) is used to identify QoS flows in 5GS. A QFI is unique within a single PDU session. A QFI may be dynamically assigned and may be the same as a 5G QoS Identifier (5QI).

[0022] Within 5GS, the QoS flow is controlled by the Session Management Function (SMF). The QoS flow may be established / modified through procedures such as PDU Session Establishment and PDU Session Modification.

[0023] The following describes the procedure for modifying PDU sessions in existing standards.

[0024] One of the PDU session modification procedures is the Network-requested PDU session modification procedure (hereinafter also referred to as the NW-requested PDU session procedure).

[0025] To initiate the network request PDU session procedure, the Session Management Function (SMF) creates a PDU session modification command message. If the authorized QoS rules for the PDU session are to be modified or marked to be synchronized with the UE, the SMF must set the Authorized QoS rules Information Element (IE) of the above command message to the authorized QoS rules for that PDU session.

[0026] Furthermore, if the authorized QoS flow descriptions of a PDU session are modified or marked to be synchronized with the UE, the SMF must set the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE in the above command message to the authorized QoS flow descriptions of that PDU session.

[0027] Furthermore, QoS flows may be mapped to EPS bearers. If a PDU session includes the context of a mapped EPS bearer (mapped EPS bearer(s)) or has an association(s) between a QoS flow and a mapped EPS bearer, interoperability with EPS is supported for that PDU session.

[0028] If interoperability with EPS is supported for a PDU session and the mapped EPS bearer context for that PDU session is modified, SMF shall set the mapped EPS bearer contexts IE in the above command message to the mapped EPS bearer context for that PDU session. If the association between a QoS flow and a mapped EPS bearer context changes, SMF shall set the EPS bearer identity parameter in the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE in the above command message to the new EPS bearer identifier associated with that QoS flow.

[0029] If the above command message includes "Authorized QoS rules IE", the UE must process the QoS rules in order, starting with the first QoS rule.

[0030] If the above command message includes Mapped EPS bearer contexts IE, the UE must process the Mapped EPS bearer contexts in order, starting with the first one.

[0031] If the above command message contains Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE, the UE must process the QoS flow descriptions in order, starting with the first QoS flow description.

[0032] The EPS bearer identifier is used to identify the EPS bearer. In this disclosure, the terms EPS bearer and EPS bearer context may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0033] (EPS Fallback (EPSFB)) 5G utilizes a method called EPSFB, which switches the UE operating on 5GS to an EPS connection to provide voice service over LTE. Once a voice call in EPS, following EPSFB, is completed, the UE connects to the 5G Core Network (5GC) and returns to NR.

[0034] Furthermore, EPSFB is used not only when the calling UE is in a 5GS area, but also when the receiving UE is in a 5GS area. For example, in a case where the calling UE makes a voice call according to EPSFB, if the receiving UE is also in a 5GS area, the receiving UE will transition to LTE via EPSFB and return to NR after the voice call.

[0035] However, the inventors have found that when using the PDU session modification procedure in the existing standard described above, there may be cases where voice calls in EPSFB fail.

[0036] Figure 1 shows an example of the problems with EPSFB identified by the inventors when following the PDU session modifications of existing standards. In this example, the UE is at least one of the originating UE and the receiving UE.

[0037] In step S101, the 5G core network (5GC) sends a PDU session modification command message to the UE to generate a transmission path for voice calls. The problem here is that existing standards guarantee that the EPS bearer identifier parameter in the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE of the above command message is set (included) only when the association between the QoS flow and the mapped EPS bearer context changes. In other words, if the association between the QoS flow and the mapped EPS bearer context does not change (the EPS bearer identifier parameter corresponding to the QoS flow is the same as the association indicated by the previously notified [Authorized] QoS flow descriptions IE), existing standards allow the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE of the above command message not to include the EPS bearer identifier parameter.

[0038] In step S102, the UE transitions to LTE (EPSFB) to make a voice call. In step S102, for example, a gNB within 5GC may request EPSFB from the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), the AMF may request the SMF to hold the PDU session modification (for the implementation of EPSFB), or the UE may perform a handover to the EPS.

[0039] In step S103, the UE sends a Tracking Area Update (TAU) request message for updating the location registration. The TAU request message may include information about the EPS bearer status. The EPS bearer status indicates each EPS bearer that is active in the UE. Now, assuming that the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE of the command message in S101 did not include the EPS bearer identifier parameter, the UE may determine that there is no mapped EPS bearer (no voice bearer) in the QoS flow it wants to use for a voice call.

[0040] In other words, even if the PDU session indicated by the command message in S101 has an association between a QoS flow and a mapped EPS bearer context, and the mapped EPS bearer is active, if the UE receives the above command message in step S101 that does not include an EPS bearer identifier parameter for the mapped EPS bearer in the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE, the UE may consider the mapped EPS bearer to be inactive.

[0041] In this case, the UE cannot include information about the EPS bearer status used for voice calls in the TAU request message. An EPS bearer that does not include EPS bearer status information in the TAU request message may be considered inactive by the EPC (e.g., MME). Inactive EPS bearers [and related resources] are released by the EPC (e.g., MME). This means that even if there is a mapped EPS bearer that should be used for voice calls, it will be released.

[0042] In step S104, the UE sends a message to the EPC requesting the establishment of a voice bearer because there is no voice bearer. However, as described above, the QoS flow conflicts between the process of releasing the mapped EPS bearer and the establishment process based on step S104, and the EPC is unable to establish a voice bearer. In step S105, the EPC sends a reject message to the UE refusing to establish the voice bearer. In this case, a voice call loss occurs.

[0043] For example, in relation to EPSFB, voice calls may fail as follows: 1. UE2, configured for high-priority access, triggers a voice call to UE1. 2.UE1 receives PDU session modification commands that include the Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) QoS flow and do not include the IMS EPS bearer identifier parameter in the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE. 3. When UE1 transitions to EPS via EPSFB, it considers the IMS EPS bearer to be inactive and initiates a TAU request (the EPS bearer status of this request does not include the IMS EPS bearer). 4. The NW (EPC) sends a TAU accept and executes the release process for the EPS bearer of the IMS mentioned above. 5.UE1 sends a Packet Data Network (PDN) connectivity request to establish an IMS bearer, but the NW conflicts with the process of releasing the IMS EPS bearer mentioned above. 6.UE1 receives a PDN connection rejection, and the voice call fails.

[0044] As described above, if a voice call fails in EPSFB, optimal communication may not be performed, potentially leading to a decrease in communication throughput, communication quality, and other factors.

[0045] Therefore, the inventors conceived of a control method related to PDU session modification command messages that can suppress voice call failures in EPSFB.

[0046] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0047] In the following embodiments, the QoS flow may mean a QoS flow associated with a mapped EPS bearer context. Also, in the following embodiments, the QoS flow may be related to a voice call or to other services / applications.

[0048] In this disclosure, the phrase "the association remains unchanged" may be interpreted as "the association is maintained," "the association is the same as it was in the past," and so on.

[0049] (Wireless communication method) <First Embodiment> The first embodiment relates to a case in which information related to a mapped EPS bearer associated with a QoS flow is included in the PDU session modification command message.

[0050] In the first embodiment, if a PDU session relating to a certain UE has an association between a QoS flow and a mapped EPS bearer context, the SMF sets the EPS bearer identity parameter in the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE of the PDU session modification command message sent to the UE to the EPS bearer identifier associated with that QoS flow. In this case, when a PDU session has an association between a QoS flow and a mapped EPS bearer, the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE of the PDU session modification command message always includes the EPS bearer identifier parameter corresponding to each QoS flow, regardless of whether the association changes or not. Therefore, the UE can determine that a mapped EPS bearer of a QoS flow whose association does not change is active.

[0051] Figure 2 shows an example of an Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE included in a PDU session modification command message according to the first embodiment. The QoS flow descriptions IE that make up the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE include one or more QoS flow descriptions, as shown in the upper left of the figure. The QoS flow description includes a corresponding QFI, a parameter list, etc. The parameter list includes one or more parameters, where the parameter may include at least one of 5QI, EPS bearer identifiers, etc. In this example, at least one of the parameters 1 to n included in the parameter list of a certain QoS flow description (QoS flow description n) whose association does not change corresponds to the EPS bearer identifier parameter.

[0052] In the first embodiment, if a PDU session relating to a certain UE has associations between QoS flows and mapped EPS bearer contexts, but the association between a certain QoS flow and a mapped EPS bearer context does not change, the SMF may include information in the PDU session modification command message (or the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE of the command message) sent to the UE indicating that one or more associations between QoS flows and mapped EPS bearer contexts do not change. In this case, the UE may recognize that the association between a QoS flow and a mapped EPS bearer context has changed for QoS flows that include an EPS bearer identifier parameter in the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE of the command message, and that the association between other QoS flows and mapped EPS bearer contexts does not change. The UE may determine that the mapped EPS bearer of a QoS flow whose association does not change is active.

[0053] According to the first embodiment described above, it is possible to suitably avoid the UE considering an active mapped EPS bearer as inactive.

[0054] <Second Embodiment> The second embodiment relates to a case where information related to a mapped EPS bearer associated with a QoS flow is not included in the PDU session modification command message.

[0055] In a second embodiment, if a PDU session relating to a certain UE has an association between a QoS flow and a mapped EPS bearer context, and includes an Authorized QoS flow description IE for the QoS flow for which a PDU session modification command message to be sent to the UE is authorized, but does not include an EPS bearer identifier parameter associated with the QoS flow [in the Authorized QoS flow description IE], the UE may consider (or determine) that the association between the QoS flow and the mapped EPS bearer context remains unchanged. The UE may determine that the mapped EPS bearer for the QoS flow whose association remains unchanged is active.

[0056] Figure 3 shows an example of an Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE included in a PDU session modification command message according to the second embodiment. The difference between Figure 3 and Figure 2 is that parameters 1 through n included in the parameter list of a QoS flow description (QoS flow description n) whose association remains unchanged do not include the EPS bearer identifier parameter. The UE may determine that the EPS bearer corresponding to the EPS bearer identifier parameter previously notified for QoS flow description n is active.

[0057] Furthermore, the three bits of the "Operation code" included in the "QoS flow description" of the illustrated Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE may indicate at least one of the corresponding operations related to this QoS flow description (for example, "Create new QoS flow description", "Delete existing QoS flow description", or "Modify existing QoS flow description"). Additionally, the single bit "E" included in the above "QoS flow description" may indicate the content related to the above operations. For example, if the "Operation code" indicates "Modification of existing QoS flow description", the "E" bit may indicate, for example, "extension of previously provided parameters" or "replacement of all previously provided parameters".

[0058] If the "Operation code" of the QoS flow description containing the above command message indicates "Modification of an existing QoS flow description", and the "E" bit of the QoS flow description indicates "Expansion of previously provided parameters", and the previously provided parameters are not provided in the new parameter list of the QoS flow description, it may be assumed that the parameters will not be deleted (the UE may take measures to prevent the deletion of the parameters). In this case, if the Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE does not include the EPS bearer identifier parameter associated with the QoS flow of the QoS flow description, the UE may consider (determine) that the association between the QoS flow and the mapped EPS bearer context remains unchanged.

[0059] According to the second embodiment described above, a UE that receives a PDU session modification command message that includes Authorized QoS flow descriptions IE for the authorized QoS flow but does not include the EPS bearer identifier parameter associated with the QoS flow can determine that the association between the QoS flow and the mapped EPS bearer context is maintained, thus suitably avoiding the UE considering an active mapped EPS bearer as inactive.

[0060] <Supplement> Furthermore, the control (operation) of the first / second embodiment may be performed if at least one of the following conditions is met: • The UE / communication for the UE (e.g., PDU session) is configured for high priority access. • The QoS flow corresponding to the incoming PDU session modification command (e.g., the QoS flow indicated by the Authorized QoS flow descriptions) has a high priority (e.g., QFI=1 or 2), • The UE is at least one of the source (e.g., calling) UE and the destination (e.g., receiving) UE of a particular communication (e.g., a voice call). • The UE in question is located (connected) to 5GS.

[0061] Furthermore, the fact that the UE / communication for the UE (e.g., PDU session) is configured for high-priority access may mean at least one of the following: Priority information is set in the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) / Embedded SIM (eSIM) installed in the above UE. • High priority access is specified / notified as information regarding communication for the above UE [for example, in RRC connection setup messages, PDU session establishment request messages, etc.] (the above UE receives configuration information for high priority access), ·The communication for the UE / UE corresponds to a specific access category / access class / access Identity (ID).

[0062] The specific access category / access class / access ID may be, for example, at least one of access category 0 (response to incoming call), category 2 (emergency call), category 4 (voice call), category 5 (video call), access ID 11 - 15, etc. Note that the access category / access class / access ID corresponding to the communication for the UE / UE may be notified to the UE, or the UE may notify the NW.

[0063] The above description assumes the case of EPSFB, but is not limited thereto. The present disclosure may be read as any case of falling back from the first network to the second network.

[0064] For example, for embodiments of the present disclosure, the following one or more readings may be applicable: ·5GS is read as a first system (different from the first system), ·EPS is read as a second system, ·5GC is read as a first network (different from the first network), ·EPC is read as a second network, ·PDU session is read as an [arbitrary] session, ·QoS flow is read as the smallest differentiable unit regarding the QoS of the session (or an [arbitrary] flow).

[0065] When the first system is, for example, a 6G system (6GS), the second system may be 5GS or EPS, the first network may be a 6G core network (6GC), and the second network may be 5GC or EPC.

[0066] <<Notification of Information to UE>> The notification of any information from the [Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS))] to the UE in the above-described embodiment (or, in other words, the reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0067] When the above notification is performed by the MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) that is not defined in the existing standards in the MAC sub-header.

[0068] When the above notification is performed by the DCI, the above notification may be performed by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used for scrambling the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0069] Also, the notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0070] <<Notification of Information from the UE>> The notification of any information from the UE to the [NW] in the above-described embodiment (or, in other words, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0071] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID, not specified in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0072] If the above notice is issued by the UCI, the notice may be sent using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0073] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0074] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, certain (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: • Higher-level parameters indicating the specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information described above are set. The above specific processes / operations / controls / assumments / information are determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameters. The above specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information are specified / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resources / channels / RS. • To report or support specific UE capabilities that indicate (or relate to) the specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information described above. The application of the above-mentioned specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0075] The above specific UE capabilities may represent at least one of the following: • To support the specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information described above (e.g., control (operation) of the first / second embodiment).

[0076] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may be capabilities that apply across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), capabilities per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), capabilities per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or capabilities per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0077] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0078] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0079] (Note) The following invention is added with respect to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Note 1] A receiving unit receives session modification command messages (e.g., PDU session modification command messages) from the network (5GC) of the first system that do not include the bearer identifier parameter (e.g., EPS bearer identity parameter) of the second system associated with the QoS flow in the information elements of the Quality of Service (QoS) flow description to be certified, A terminal having a control unit that determines that the bearer identifier parameter of the second system associated with the QoS flow is the same as the association previously notified. [Note 2] The control unit determines that the bearer corresponding to the bearer identifier parameter of the second system indicated by the previously notified association is active, as described in Appendix 1. [Note 3] The terminal described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein the first system is a 5th generation mobile communication system (5GS) and the second system is an Evolved Packet System (EPS). [Note 4] A terminal specified in any of the appendices 1 to 3, configured for high-priority access.

[0080] (Wireless communication system) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any or a combination thereof of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0081] Figure 4 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0082] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and so on.

[0083] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0084] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0085] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0086] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0087] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0088] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may fall in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0089] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of the following methods at each CC: Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0090] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, if NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0091] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0092] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0093] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0094] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0095] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0096] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, shared by each user terminal 20.

[0097] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0098] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0099] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0100] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called a DL assignment or DL ​​DCI, and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called a UL grant or UL DCI. Furthermore, PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

[0101] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a particular search space based on the search space configuration.

[0102] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0103] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) which includes at least one of the following: channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment (e.g., Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0104] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted when describing various channels.

[0105] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc., may be transmitted.

[0106] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. SS, SSB, etc., may also be called reference signals.

[0107] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the Uplink Reference Signal (UL-RS) may transmit the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called the User-Specific Reference Signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0108] (base station) Figure 5 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, transceiver unit 120, transceiver antenna 130, and transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0109] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0110] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can consist of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0111] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0112] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0113] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0114] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0115] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0116] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0117] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0118] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0119] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0120] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0121] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing to the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data, etc.

[0122] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0123] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0124] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0125] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (from coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0126] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0127] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also transmit setting information for high-priority access to the user terminal 20. The control unit 110 may also control the transmission of a session modification command message from the first system's network that does not include the bearer identifier parameter of the second system associated with the QoS flow in the information element of the certified Quality of Service (QoS) flow description.

[0128] (User terminal) Figure 6 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0129] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0130] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0131] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0132] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0133] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0134] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0135] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0136] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0137] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210, etc., to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0138] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0139] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0140] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0141] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0142] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0143] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0144] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0145] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0146] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also receive session modification command messages (e.g., PDU session modification command messages) from the first system's network (e.g., 5GC) that do not include the bearer identifier parameter of the second system associated with the QoS flow in the information elements of the certified Quality of Service (QoS) flow description (e.g., EPS bearer identity parameter). The control unit 210 may determine that the bearer identifier parameter of the second system associated with the QoS flow is the same as the association previously notified.

[0147] The control unit 210 may determine that the bearer corresponding to the bearer identifier parameter of the second system indicated by the previously notified association is active.

[0148] The first system may be a 5th generation mobile communication system (5GS), and the second system may be an Evolved Packet System (EPS).

[0149] The user terminal 20 may be configured for high-priority access. For example, the transceiver 220 may receive configuration information for high-priority access from the base station 10 or equipment in the core network 30 (e.g., AMF, SMF).

[0150] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0151] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0152] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0153] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured to omit some of the devices.

[0154] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0155] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or to control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0156] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0157] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0158] Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0159] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital multipurpose disk, a Blu-ray disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0160] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated implementations of a transmitting unit 120a (220a) and a receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0161] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0162] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0163] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0164] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0165] (modified version) In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0166] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0167] Here, the neuralelogy may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neuralelogy may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, or specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0168] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0169] A slot may include multiple mini-slots. Each mini-slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Mini-slots may also be called sub-slots. Mini-slots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0170] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0171] For example, one subframe may be called TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called TTI, or one slot or one mini-slot may be called TTI. In other words, at least one of the subframe and TTI may be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. Note that the unit representing TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0172] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0173] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. Given a TTI, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) to which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the given TTI.

[0174] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

[0175] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may also be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel.8-12), a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, or a slot. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini slot, a sub slot, or a slot.

[0176] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0177] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0178] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. Each TTI, subframe, etc., may consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0179] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0180] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0181] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also called a partial bandwidth) may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. Here, the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to the carrier's common reference point. PRBs may be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0182] A BWP may include UL BWPs (BWPs for UL) and DL BWPs (BWPs for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0183] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will send or receive a given signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0184] The structures described above, such as wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols, are merely illustrative examples. For instance, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots within a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within a TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0185] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0186] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements that use these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0187] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0188] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0189] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0190] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0191] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof).

[0192] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Element (CE).

[0193] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0194] The determination may be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0195] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0196] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0197] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0198] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0199] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0200] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0201] Furthermore, in this disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), RS, etc., may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0202] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0203] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D)" may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0204] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0205] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0206] In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "access point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "panel", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0207] A base station can house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0208] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0209] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0210] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0211] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0212] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0213] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0214] Figure 8 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0215] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0216] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0217] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression signal of accelerator pedal 43 acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression signal of brake pedal 44 acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc., acquired by object detection sensor 58.

[0218] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, displays, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0219] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) and output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0220] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0221] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0222] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0223] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above input.

[0224] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0225] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0226] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions that the base station 10 has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel and downlink channel may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0227] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0228] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes with base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0229] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements in an exemplary order and are not limited to that specific order.

[0230] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure includes Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), and IEEE This may apply to systems utilizing 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, as well as next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. It may also apply to combinations of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0231] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0232] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0233] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to include judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiry (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0234] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0235] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" something like resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" something about an action. In this disclosure, "judgment (decision)" may be interpreted interchangeably with the actions described above.

[0236] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not assuming that…” may be interpreted as “assuming that…”

[0237] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "to do (a verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "does not do (a verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect..." (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0238] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0239] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0240] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, or optical domain (both visible and invisible).

[0241] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0242] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0243] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0244] In this disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0245] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0246] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately 0 (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on the information provided.

[0247] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0248] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A receiving unit that receives session modification command messages from the network of the first system that do not include the bearer identifier parameter of the second system associated with the QoS flow in the information element of the Quality of Service (QoS) flow description to be certified, A terminal having a control unit that determines that the bearer identifier parameter of the second system associated with the QoS flow is the same as the association previously notified.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines that the bearer corresponding to the bearer identifier parameter of the second system indicated by the previously notified association is active.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the first system is a 5th generation mobile communication system (5GS) and the second system is an Evolved Packet System (EPS).

4. The terminal according to claim 1, configured for high-priority access.

5. The steps include receiving a session modification command message from the network of the first system that does not include the bearer identifier parameter of the second system associated with the QoS flow in the information element of the Quality of Service (QoS) flow description to be certified, A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the step of determining that the bearer identifier parameter of the second system associated with the QoS flow is the same as the association previously notified.

6. A transmission unit that sends configuration information for high-priority access to the terminal, A base station having a control unit that controls the transmission from the network of a first system of a session modification command message that does not include a bearer identifier parameter of a second system associated with a QoS flow in the information element of the Quality of Service (QoS) flow description to be certified.

Images