Methods for rearing the larvae of the black soldier fly, and methods for processing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NAT AGRI & FOOD RES ORG
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
Smart Images
Figure 2026105253000004 
Figure 2026105253000005 
Figure 2026105253000006
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for breeding larvae of American lobster and a method for treating plants belonging to the Solanaceae family.
Background Art
[0002] American lobster is expected as a next-generation protein resource in the aquaculture industry and is being developed and utilized. Also, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a skin care product containing an extract of American lobster. Thus, American lobster is being utilized in various fields, and in order to reduce the price of products using American lobster, it is necessary to breed American lobster at low cost. As a feed for breeding American lobster, for example, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses the use of a feed prepared by mixing carrots, potatoes, beer lees, beef, and pollack fillets.
[0003] Plants belonging to the Solanaceae family include many useful plants such as eggplant, tomato, green pepper, and potato. For example, in the case of tomatoes, residues (such as stems and leaves) corresponding to half of the harvest volume are discharged. Only a small part of the residues of tomato plants is utilized as manure, and generally, they are treated as industrial waste. As a method for treating residues of tomato plants, incineration treatment is common, and in addition, methods such as directly pouring the residues of tomato plants into the field are also carried out. However, incineration requires energy, and the environmental load due to carbon dioxide emissions and the like can become a problem. Also, when residues such as stems are directly poured into the field, the soil may be contaminated by diseases and may also cause bad odors.
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents
[0004]
Patent Document 1
Non-Patent Documents
[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] Belperio S, et al., “Assessing Substrate Utilization andBioconversion Efficiency of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae:Effect of Diet Composition on Growth and Development Temperature.”, Animals(Basel). 2024 Apr 29;14(9):1340. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]
[0006] The black soldier fly (Elaphe climacophora) is an omnivorous insect, and its feed is typically prepared using multiple ingredients. However, it was unknown whether feeding black soldier fly larvae with a feed consisting of only one ingredient would yield the same level of growth as feeding them with an omnivorous feed made from multiple ingredients. Furthermore, feeds made from a single ingredient have the advantage of being easier to manage in terms of cost. Therefore, there was room to explore low-cost feed options as a method for rearing black soldier fly larvae at a low cost.
[0007] On the other hand, as mentioned above, tomato plant residues are generally treated as industrial waste, so there is a need for a low-cost and effective method of processing tomato plants. However, tomato plant stems, immature fruits and flowers, leaves, and other parts contain a large amount of the alkaloid glycoside tomatine, which is an insect repellent and is also known to be toxic to mice and humans. Therefore, tomato plant residues are generally not considered suitable for use as livestock feed.
[0008] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a low-cost method for rearing black soldier fly larvae. The present invention also aims to provide a low-cost and effective method for processing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family. [Means for solving the problem]
[0009] The inventors have found that even when tomato plant residue is used as feed for raising black soldier fly larvae, the larvae grow sufficiently. Based on this, they have found a low-cost and effective method for utilizing tomato plant residue by using it as feed for black soldier fly larvae.
[0010] In other words, the present invention relates to, for example, the following inventions. [1] A method for rearing black soldier fly larvae, including feeding them a diet containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family. [2] The rearing method described in [1], wherein the plants belonging to the Solanaceae family are plants belonging to the Solanum genus. [3] The rearing method described in [1] or [2], wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is a solanaceous plant, a tomato plant, or a bell pepper plant. [4] The above-mentioned plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is a tomato plant, as described in any of [1] to [3] below. [5] The rearing method described in any of [1] to [4] above, for plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, including stems and / or leaves. [6] The rearing method described in any of [1] to [5], wherein the mass of the fruit of the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is 50% by mass or less of the total mass of the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. [7] A method for processing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, including using the plants as feed for the larvae of the black soldier fly. [8] The treatment method described above, wherein the plants belonging to the Solanaceae family are plants belonging to the Solanum genus [7]. [9] The processing method according to [7] or [8], wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is an eggplant, a tomato plant, or a bell pepper plant.
[10] The treatment method according to any one of [7] to [9], wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is a tomato plant.
[11] The treatment method according to any one of [7] to
[10] , wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family contains stems and / or leaves.
[12] The treatment method according to any one of [7] to
[11] , wherein the mass of the fruit relative to the total mass of the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is 50% by mass or less.
[13] A feed for the larvae of the American midge containing a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family.
Advantages of the Invention
[0011] According to the present invention, a method for rearing the larvae of the American midge at low cost can be provided. According to the present invention, a method for treating a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family that is low-cost and can be effectively utilized can also be provided.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0012] [Figure 1] It is a photograph of the residue of a treated or untreated tomato plant before feeding the larvae of the American midge and after feeding for two weeks. [Figure 2] It is a photograph of the residue of a tomato plant treated only by cutting into small pieces and fed to the larvae of the American midge on the 0th day, 7th day, and 14th day from the start of feeding. [Figure 3] It is a photograph of the larvae of the American midge on the 14th day from the start of feeding the residue of each tomato plant. [Figure 4] It is a photograph of the larvae of the American midge on the 0th day, 7th day, and 14th day from the start of feeding the residue of a tomato plant treated only by cutting into small pieces. [Figure 5] It is a graph showing the change in the weight per individual of the American midge from the start of feeding the residue of each tomato plant until the 14th day of feeding. [Figure 6]Photographs of the larvae of the American midge on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days after starting feeding with the mashed tomato plant fruits. [Figure 7] Photographs of the above tomato plant fruits on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days after starting feeding when feeding the larvae of the American midge with the mashed tomato plant fruits. [Figure 8] Photographs of the larvae of the American midge on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days after starting feeding with the residue of the eggplant plant treated only by chopping. [Figure 9] Photographs of the above eggplant plant residue on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days after starting feeding when feeding the larvae of the American midge with the residue of the eggplant plant treated only by chopping. [Figure 10] Photographs of the larvae of the American midge on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days after starting feeding with the residue of the pepper plant treated only by chopping. [Figure 11] Photographs of the above pepper plant residue on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days after starting feeding when feeding the larvae of the American midge with the residue of the pepper plant treated only by chopping.
Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
[0013] Hereinafter, the mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
[0014] [[ID=*27*]]〔Rearing Method〕 The method for rearing the larvae of the American midge according to the present embodiment includes allowing the larvae of the American midge to ingest a feed containing a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family.
[0015] As shown in the examples, even when rearing the larvae of the American midge by feeding only the residue of a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family as a single type of raw material, the larvae of the American midge grow sufficiently. Therefore, since the rearing method according to the present embodiment can reduce the types of raw materials constituting the feed for feeding the larvae of the American midge, it is possible to rear the larvae of the American midge at a low cost.
[0016] As mentioned above, it was unknown whether sufficient growth (comparable to that of omnivorous feed) could be obtained when raising black soldier fly larvae on feed composed of a single type of raw material, so the effect of the method according to this embodiment is unexpected.
[0017] The black soldier fly (scientific name: Hermetia illucens) is an insect belonging to the family Streptococcidae in the order Diptera. The larvae of the black soldier fly may be wild-type or genetically modified mutants.
[0018] In this specification, "plants belonging to the Solanaceae family" means plants belonging to the Solanaceae family (Solanales: Solanaceae) in the order Solanales. Examples of plants belonging to the Solanaceae family include plants belonging to the genus Solanum, such as the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum), the eggplant plant (Solanum melongena), and the potato plant (Solanum tuberosum), and plants belonging to the genus Capsicum, such as the pepper plant (Capsicum annuum). As for plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, plants belonging to the genus Solanum (Solanum) or plants belonging to the genus Capsicum (Capsicum) are preferred, tomato plants, eggplant plants, or pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) are more preferred, and tomato plants are even more preferred.
[0019] In this specification, "plant" means the whole plant or a part of a plant, and includes, for example, at least one from the group consisting of leaves, flowers, seeds, branches, fruits, stems, and roots. In this embodiment, the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family preferably includes leaves, stems, and / or fruits, and more preferably includes leaves and / or stems.
[0020] In this embodiment, the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is preferably the residue of a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family, from the viewpoint of effective utilization of plant residues. "Residue of a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family" means the parts of the plant that remain after the harvesting of the edible parts (mainly fruits), and mainly includes leaves, stems, roots, and buds, but may also include small amounts of fruits (e.g., unripe fruits, overripe fruits, etc.) and flowers.
[0021] For example, plants belonging to the Solanaceae family may have leaves and / or stems that, relative to the total mass of the plant, be 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more. Also, for example, the mass of fruits relative to the total mass of the plant may be 50% or less, 45% or less, 40% or less, 35% or less, 30% or less, 25% or less, 20% or less, 15% or less, 10% or less, 9% or less, 8% or less, 7% or less, 6% or less, 5% or less, 4% or less, 3% or less, 2% or less, 1% or less, or 0%. The mass here refers to the mass in the "raw" state, not dried.
[0022] As mentioned above, immature fruits, flowers, leaves, and stems of tomato plants contain a large amount of tomatine, and therefore were thought to be unsuitable for animal feed. Consequently, it was unexpected that tomato plants, including leaves and / or stems (especially tomato plant residues), could be used as feed to rear black soldier fly larvae.
[0023] The content of plants belonging to the Solanaceae family in the feed containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family according to this embodiment may be set as appropriate, but for example, it may be 10% or more by dry mass, 20% or more by dry mass, 30% or more by dry mass, 40% or more by dry mass, 50% or more by dry mass, or 100% or less by dry mass, 90% or less by dry mass, 80% or less by dry mass, 70% or less by dry mass, 60% or less by dry mass, or 50% or less by dry mass. The feed containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family according to this embodiment may be a feed consisting of plants belonging to the Solanaceae family.
[0024] In the feed containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family according to this embodiment, the plants belonging to the Solanaceae family may be untreated or treated. Examples of treatments for plants belonging to the Solanaceae family include shredding, freezing, drying, and treatments that promote the decomposition of plants belonging to the Solanaceae family (e.g., leaving them at room temperature), but it is preferable that only shredding is performed.
[0025] The feed containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family according to this embodiment may also contain other raw materials that can be consumed by the larvae of the black soldier fly.
[0026] The method for rearing black soldier fly larvae according to this embodiment may further include feeding the black soldier fly larvae a feed that does not contain plants belonging to the Solanaceae family and contains raw materials that black soldier fly larvae can consume. The raw materials that black soldier fly larvae can consume are as described above.
[0027] Feed that does not contain plants belonging to the Solanaceae family and contains ingredients that can be consumed by the larvae of the black soldier fly may be given before feeding feed containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, after feeding feed containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, before and after feeding feed containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, or alternately with feed that does not contain plants belonging to the Solanaceae family and contains ingredients that can be consumed by the larvae of the black soldier fly.
[0028] Rearing conditions can be set appropriately according to the species or stage of growth of the black soldier fly, but the temperature may be, for example, 25°C to 30°C. The relative humidity (RH) may be, for example, 60% to 80%. The photoperiod is not particularly limited, but for example, it may be a photoperiod of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark.
[0029] The body weight of the black soldier fly larvae after being reared for two weeks using the rearing method according to this embodiment may be, for example, 50 mg or more, 60 mg or more, 70 mg or more, 80 mg or more, 90 mg or more, 100 mg or more, 150 mg or more, 200 mg or more, or 250 mg or more.
[0030] [Processing method] The method for processing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family according to this embodiment includes using plants belonging to the Solanaceae family as feed for the larvae of the black soldier fly.
[0031] As described above, the larvae of the black soldier fly can be reared by a method that includes feeding them with a diet containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family. Therefore, the processing method according to this embodiment leads to the processing of plants belonging to the Solanaceae family at low cost and in an effective manner.
[0032] Using plants belonging to the Solanaceae family as feed for the larvae of the black soldier fly (Elaphe climacophora) is possible by any known method, as long as the plants are made available for consumption by the black soldier fly larvae. For example, this may involve mixing existing feed (which may be feed lacking in nutritional value, for instance) with plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, drying the plants, or preparing the plants.
[0033] The processing method according to this embodiment may include feeding the animals with a feed containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family. The above-described embodiment can be applied as a specific example of feeding the animals with a feed containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family.
[0034] 〔feed〕 The feed according to this embodiment is a feed for the larvae of the black soldier fly, containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family. The specific embodiments described above can be applied as specific forms of the feed according to this embodiment. [Examples]
[0035] The present invention will be described more specifically below based on examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0036] [Test Example 1: Rearing of Black Soldier Fly Larvae using Tomato Plant Residue] After collecting fertilized eggs of the black soldier fly (Erythrina argiolus), the larvae were reared in plastic containers for up to 7 days by feeding them a standard artificial feed (containing glucose, molasses, yeast, and cornmeal) (prepared by the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, based on Chia-Ming Liu et al., Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 2024). Subsequently, 500 black soldier fly larvae (1.26g larval population) were fed 3000g of tomato plant stems and leaves (also called tomato plant residue or tomato residue) treated either i. shredded and frozen, or ii. shredded only, with added water, and fed for 2 weeks. Additionally, 200 black soldier fly larvae (0.50g larval population) were fed 1000g of untreated tomato plant stems and leaves with added water, and fed for 2 weeks. The above rearing was carried out under room temperature conditions of 28°C. The mass of stems and leaves relative to the total mass of the tomato plants used was approximately 99% or more by mass.
[0037] Next, the body weight of the black soldier fly larvae was measured before feeding with tomato plant residue (day 0 of feeding), on day 7 of feeding, and on day 14 of feeding. The black soldier fly larvae were collected before feeding with tomato plant residue and after feeding (day 14 of feeding), and the weight (wet) of the tomato plant residue (sample) was measured. In addition, a portion of the tomato plant residue was collected before feeding with tomato plant residue and after feeding (day 14 of feeding), dried in a dryer, and the weight (dry) of the tomato plant residue (sample) was measured.
[0038] Figure 1 shows photographs of tomato plant residues before feeding to black soldier fly larvae and after two weeks of feeding, both with and without each treatment. Figure 2 shows photographs of tomato plant residues treated only with shredding, before feeding to black soldier fly larvae (day 0 of feeding), after one week of feeding (day 7 of feeding), and after two weeks of feeding (day 14 of feeding). Furthermore, Tables 1 and 2 show the results of measuring the weight (wet and dry) of each tomato plant residue. The reduction rates in the tables were calculated using the following formula. Reduction rate (%) = {(Sample weight before feeding (g) - Sample weight on day 14 of feeding (g)) / Sample weight before feeding (g)} × 100
[0039] [Table 1]
[0040] [Table 2]
[0041] As shown in Figures 1-2 and Tables 1-2, feeding tomato plant residue (stem and leaves) to black soldier fly larvae resulted in a 20-40% reduction in tomato plant residue within two weeks. This indicates that feeding tomato plant residue to black soldier fly larvae is a quick and low-cost way to reduce the amount of tomato plant residue.
[0042] Furthermore, Figure 3 shows photographs of black soldier fly larvae 14 days after the start of feeding with the residue of each tomato plant. In addition, Figure 4 shows photographs of black soldier fly larvae 0, 7, and 14 days after the start of feeding with the tomato plant residue that was processed only by shredding. In addition, Figure 5 and Table 3 show graphs illustrating the change in the weight of each black soldier fly from the start of feeding with the tomato plant residue to 14 days later.
[0043] [Table 3]
[0044] As shown in Figures 3-5 and Table 3, the larvae of the black soldier fly (Eriocheir japonica) grew sufficiently when fed with the residues (stem and leaves) of each tomato plant. Among the treatment methods for the tomato plant residues, the black soldier fly grew best when only shredding was performed.
[0045] [Test Example 2: Rearing of Black Soldier Fly Larvae using Tomato Fruits] The same experiment as in Experiment Example 1 was conducted, except that 50 larvae of the black soldier fly (larval group 0.23g) were fed 378g of crushed tomato plant fruit and given the feed for two weeks.
[0046] Figure 6 shows photographs of black soldier fly larvae on day 0, day 7, and day 14 after feeding with crushed tomato plant fruit. Figure 7 shows photographs of crushed tomato plant fruit before feeding to the black soldier fly larvae (day 0 of feeding), after one week of feeding (day 7 of feeding), and after two weeks of feeding (day 14 of feeding).
[0047] As shown in Figure 6, feeding tomato fruit to black soldier fly larvae resulted in sufficient growth of the larvae. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7, feeding tomato fruit to black soldier fly larvae led to a reduction in the amount of fruit on the plants. This indicates that feeding tomato fruit to black soldier fly larvae is a rapid and low-cost way to reduce the amount of fruit on tomato plants.
[0048] [Test Example 3: Rearing of Black Soldier Fly Larvae using Solanum Plant Remnants] The same experiment as in Experiment Example 1 was conducted, except that eggplant stems, leaves, and fruits were used instead of tomato stems and leaves, and 3000g of frozen and shredded eggplant stems and leaves (also called eggplant residue) were fed to 350 larvae of the black soldier fly (2.5g of larval population) for two weeks. The mass of fruits relative to the total mass of eggplant used was approximately 1% or less by mass, while the mass of stems and leaves relative to the total mass of eggplant used was approximately 99% or more by mass.
[0049] Figure 8 shows photographs of black soldier fly larvae on day 0, day 7, and day 14 after feeding with eggplant stems, leaves, and fruits. Figure 9 shows photographs of eggplant stems, leaves, and fruits before feeding the black soldier fly larvae (day 0 of feeding), after one week of feeding (day 7 of feeding), and after two weeks of feeding (day 14 of feeding).
[0050] As shown in Figure 8, feeding the larvae of the black soldier fly (Eriocheir japonica) with eggplant residue (stem, leaves, and fruit) allowed the larvae to grow sufficiently. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 9, feeding the larvae with eggplant residue (stem, leaves, and fruit) resulted in a reduction of the eggplant residue. This indicates that feeding the larvae with eggplant residue (stem, leaves, and fruit) can quickly and inexpensively reduce the amount of eggplant residue (stem, leaves, and fruit).
[0051] [Test Example 4: Rearing of Black Soldier Fly Larvae using Pepper Plant Remnants] The same experiment as in Experiment Example 1 was conducted, except that the stems, leaves, and fruits of bell pepper plants were used instead of tomato plant stems and leaves, and 3000g of frozen and shredded bell pepper plant stems and leaves (also called bell pepper plant residue or bell pepper residue) were fed to the equivalent of 350 black soldier fly larvae (2.5g of larval population) for two weeks. The mass of fruit relative to the total mass of bell pepper plants used was approximately 1% by mass or less, and the mass of stems and leaves relative to the total mass of bell pepper plants used was approximately 99% by mass or more.
[0052] Figure 10 shows photographs of black soldier fly larvae on day 0, day 7, and day 14 after feeding with pepper plant stems, leaves, and fruits. Figure 11 shows photographs of pepper plant stems, leaves, and fruits before feeding the black soldier fly larvae (day 0 of feeding), after one week of feeding (day 7 of feeding), and after two weeks of feeding (day 14 of feeding).
[0053] As shown in Figure 10, feeding black soldier fly larvae with pepper plant residue (stem, leaves, and fruit) allowed the larvae to grow sufficiently. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 11, feeding black soldier fly larvae with pepper plant residue (stem, leaves, and fruit) resulted in a reduction of the amount of pepper plant residue (stem, leaves, and fruit). This indicates that feeding black soldier fly larvae with pepper plant residue (stem, leaves, and fruit) can quickly and inexpensively reduce the amount of pepper plant residue (stem, leaves, and fruit).
[0054] These results suggest that black soldier fly larvae can grow sufficiently even when fed solely on tomato, eggplant, or pepper plants, indicating that feeding them a diet containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family allows for low-cost rearing of black soldier fly larvae. Furthermore, feeding black soldier fly larvae a diet containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family suggests that these plants can be processed and utilized effectively at a low cost.
Claims
1. A method for rearing black soldier fly larvae, including feeding them a diet containing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family.
2. The method of raising plants according to claim 1, wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is a plant belonging to the Solanum genus.
3. The method of raising animals according to claim 1, wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is an eggplant, a tomato plant, or a bell pepper plant.
4. The method of raising animals according to claim 1, wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is a tomato plant.
5. The method of raising plants according to claim 1, wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family includes a stem and / or leaves.
6. The rearing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mass of the fruit of the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is 50% by mass or less relative to the total mass of the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family.
7. A method for processing plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, comprising using the plants as feed for the larvae of the black soldier fly.
8. The processing method according to claim 7, wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is a plant belonging to the Solanum genus.
9. The processing method according to claim 7, wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is an eggplant, a tomato plant, or a bell pepper plant.
10. The processing method according to claim 7, wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is a tomato plant.
11. The processing method according to claim 7, wherein the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family includes stems and / or leaves.
12. The processing method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the mass of the fruit of the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family is 50% by mass or less relative to the total mass of the plant belonging to the Solanaceae family.
13. A feed for black soldier fly larvae containing plants belonging to the nightshade family.