An assembly having a tolerance ring between two components, with a desired sliding torque on the contact surface.

Abstract

Tolerance rings provide sliding performance, maintain proper tolerance compensation, and offer a longer lifespan for the assembly. [Solution] The tolerance ring 100 includes a side wall 102 which includes a plurality of radially extending projections 108 on a first radial surface and an unformed region 114 on a second radial surface opposite to the first radial surface. The tolerance ring 100 provides a first decoupling torque τ1 which is defined as the decoupling torque between the tolerance ring projections 108 and the inner or outer component, and the tolerance ring 100 provides a second decoupling torque τ2 which is defined as the decoupling torque between the unformed region 114 and the other of the inner or outer component, such that 1.1τ2 ≤ τ1.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to tolerance rings, and in particular to torque assemblies. Regarding Lance Ring. [Background technology]

[0002] Generally, tolerance rings are used between parts that move relative to each other, for example, the outer component. It restrains the motion of the rotating inner components within the bore. Furthermore, the tolerance ring, It has numerous other potential advantages, such as those for parts that are not machined to precise dimensions. To compensate for the tolerances between parts, to compensate for the different expansion coefficients between parts, rapid assembly It enables flexibility and durability, etc. One type of tolerance ring is inside Located within the gap between the outer surface of the side component and the inner surface of the bore of the outer component, in the assembly Torque may be transmitted internally. Exemplary assemblies include doors, hoods, tailgates and... Engine chamber hinge seat, steering column, flywheel, drive shaft assembly It may include, or may include, other assemblies used particularly in automotive applications. Sometimes, the desired sliding occurs on the desired surfaces of the inner and outer components of this type of assembly. It is necessary to have the following: Therefore, to provide improved sliding performance and maintain appropriate tolerance compensation. The improved tolerance ring provides continued use and a longer lifespan for the assembly. A key element exists.

[0003] This disclosure will be better understood by referring to the attached drawings, and many of its features and The advantages may become apparent to those skilled in the art. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0004] [Figure 1] This includes a method for generating a tolerance ring according to one embodiment. [Figure 2A] Includes a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a tolerance ring according to one embodiment. [Figure 2B] Includes a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a tolerance ring according to one embodiment. [Figure 2C] Includes a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a tolerance ring according to one embodiment. [Figure 2D] Includes a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a tolerance ring according to one embodiment. [Figure 3A] This includes a perspective view of one embodiment of a tolerance ring constructed according to the present invention. [Figure 3B] This includes a plan view of one embodiment of a tolerance ring constructed according to the present invention. [Figure 3C] This includes a side view of one embodiment of a tolerance ring constructed according to the present invention. [Figure 4] This includes perspective views of other embodiments of the tolerance ring constructed according to the present invention. [Figure 5A] Figure 3A includes an axial cross-sectional view of the tolerance ring in the assembly. [Figure 5B] Figure 3A includes a radial cross-sectional view of the tolerance ring in the assembly. [Figure 6] Includes an end view of the tolerance ring in an assembly according to one embodiment. [Figure 7] When testing a tolerance ring according to one embodiment, a sample graph of torque (N·m) as a function of time (s) is included. [Figure 8] Includes multi-faceted control tolerance rings in the free state or assembly. [Figure 9] Includes a tolerance ring for multifaceted experiments in a free state or assembly, as described in one embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0005] Those skilled in the art will see that the elements in the figures are shown for simplification and clarity and are not necessarily to scale. Recognize that it is not depicted. For example, some dimensions of elements in the figure are not shown in the present invention. It may be exaggerated compared to other elements to help improve the understanding of the case. The use of the same reference numeral in the drawings indicates the same or similar items.

[0006] The following description, combined with the drawings, will help you understand the teachings disclosed herein. This is provided for the purpose of [details omitted]. The following explanation focuses on the specific implementation and examples of this instruction. This focus is provided to help explain this instruction and is not applicable to the scope or application of this instruction. It should not be interpreted as a limitation on usability. However, the teaching disclosed in this application Other embodiments can be used based on the diagram.

[0007] "to have," "to possess," "to include," "to have," "to possess" The term "" or any other variation thereof is intended to include non-exclusive inclusion. For example If a method, article, or assembly has a list of features, it is not necessarily limited to only those features. Not specified, and not explicitly listed in such methods, articles or assemblies or It may include other non-unique features. Furthermore, it may be explicitly stated that it is not so. Unless otherwise specified, "or" refers to an inclusive "or" and does not mean an exclusive "or". For example, condition A or B is satisfied by one of the following: A is true (or exists) ) and B is false (or does not exist), A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists) ), and both A and B are true (or exist).

[0008] Furthermore, the use of "one" is used to describe the elements and components described herein. This is done simply for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This description includes one, at least one or more, unless it is made clear that it means something else. It must be read to include the singular form or the reverse. For example, a single example described herein If so, two or more examples may be used instead of a single example. Similarly, this If two or more embodiments are described in the specification, a single embodiment is a subset of those two or more embodiments. You can use it as a substitute.

[0009] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein are defined as follows: This invention has the same meaning as it is generally understood by those skilled in the art. Materials, The methods and examples described herein are illustrative and not intended to be limiting. To the extent that it is not disclosed, many details regarding specific materials and processing actions are conventional. Textbooks and other materials within the scope of tolerance rings and tolerance ring assembly technology. It may be found in the source.

[0010] Figure 1 illustrates the formation process 10 for forming a tolerance ring. The diagram shown is included. Forming process 10 is a first step in providing a material or composite material including a substrate. It may include a 12. Optionally, the forming process 10 may include the edges of the material or composite material. The second step 14 may further include curling to form a tolerance ring. stomach.

[0011] Figure 2A shows the tolerance ring formed in the first step 12 of the formation process 10. This also includes examples of good materials 1000. The tolerance ring may include a substrate 119. In one embodiment, the substrate 119 may include at least a portion of metal. For example, metals may include iron, copper, titanium, tin, aluminum, and their alloys. It may be stainless steel or another type of metal. More specifically, the substrate 119 may be stainless steel, carbon It may contain at least partially steel, such as steel or spring steel. For example, the substrate 119 is It may contain at least partially 301 stainless steel. 301 stainless steel is heat-treated. The hardness may be blunt, 1 / 4 hard, 1 / 2 hard, 3 / 4 hard, or fully hard. Furthermore, the steel may be chromium This may include stainless steel containing nickel or a combination thereof. The substrate 119 may include a woven mesh or an expanded metal grid. The expanded metal grid is made of metal or metal alloy, such as aluminum, steel, stainless steel, blue It may contain copper, etc. Alternatively, the woven mesh may be made into a woven polymer mesh. This is possible. In other embodiments, the substrate 119 does not have to include a mesh or grid. Furthermore, the substrate 119 has a value of ≥350, for example, ≥375, ≥400, ≥425, or ≥4 It can include a Vickers pyramid hardness of 50. PN can also be ≤500, ≤475, or ≤450. VPN can also be ≤450. It can be any of the VPN values ​​described in the details, and within a range that includes them. In another embodiment, the substrate 119 can be treated to enhance its corrosion resistance. In terms of passivation, the substrate 119 can be made passivated. For example, the substrate 119 conforms to ASTM standards. It can be passivated according to standard A967. The substrate 119 can be chamfered, turned, and reamed. Formed by at least one of finishing, forging, extrusion, molding, sintering, rolling, or casting. It's okay.

[0012] The substrate 119 has a thickness of approximately 1 micron to approximately 1000 microns, for example, approximately 50 microns to approximately 500 microns, for example, from about 100 microns to about 250 microns, for example, about 75 microns It can have a thickness Ts of approximately 150 microns from Ron. In some embodiments, the base The plate 119 may have a thickness Ts of approximately 50 to 1000 microns. It is further recognized that Ts may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. It is likely that the thickness of the substrate 119 can be made uniform, that is, the first of the substrate 119 The thickness at one position may be equal to the thickness at a second position along that position. Thickness of substrate 119 This can be non-uniform; that is, the thickness of the substrate 119 at the first position is the second thickness along it. The thickness can differ at this position.

[0013] Figure 2B shows the tolerance ring formed in the first step 12 of the formation process 10. This also includes examples of alternative composite materials 1001 to material 1000. Figure 2B is for illustrative purposes only. The multilayer structure of the tolerance ring composite material 1001 is shown. In some examples, The composite material 1001 is bonded to the substrate 119 (as described above) or to the substrate 119 or the substrate A low-friction layer 104 covering 119 may also be included. In more specific embodiments, composite material 10 01 may include a substrate 119 and a plurality of low-friction layers 104 covering the substrate 119. As shown in 2B, the low-friction layer 104 can be bonded to at least a portion of the substrate 119. In certain embodiments, the low-friction layer 104 forms an interface with another surface of another component. The low friction layer 104 can be bonded to the substrate surface 119. It can be bonded to 9. Alternatively, the low-friction layer 104 can be bonded to the radially outer substrate surface 119. It is Noh.

[0014] In some embodiments, the low-friction layer 104 may include a low-friction material. Examples of materials include polyketones, polyaramids, polyphenylene sulfides, and polyethers. Sulfone, polyphenylene sulfone, polyamide-imide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, f Polymethylcellulose polymer, polybenzoimidazole, polyacetal, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), poly Thelimide, polyether / ether / ketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), Lysulfone, polyamide (PA), polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulf Polymers such as polypropylene (PPS), polyurethane, polyester, and liquid crystal polymer (LCP) Or it may include any combination thereof. In example, the low friction layer 104 is, for example Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone, polyether Polyketones such as polyether ketone and polyether ketone, This includes an inductive agent or a combination thereof. In additional examples, the low friction layer 104 is ultra-high It may also contain polyethylene. In other examples, the low-friction layer 104 is fluoroethylene. Propylene (FEP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride Fluorine (PVDF), perfluoroalkoxyalkanes (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene The ternary polymer, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride (THV), polychloro Trifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (E F It may also contain a bispolymer. The low friction layer 104 is made of lithium soap, graphite, boron nitride, and sulfur dioxide. Molybdenum oxide, tungsten disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon nitride, Tungsten carbide or diamond-like carbon, metals (e.g., aluminum, zinc) Copper, magnesium, tin, platinum, titanium, tungsten, iron, bronze, steel, spring steel, steel Stainless steel), metal alloys (including the listed metals), anodized metals (including the listed metals) The solid material may include (including) or any combination thereof. Fluorine polymers are It may be used according to specific embodiments. In one embodiment, the low friction layer 104 is woven It may include a cloth mesh or an expandable metal grid. The woven cloth mesh or expandable metal grid is This may include metals or metal alloys, such as aluminum, steel, stainless steel, bronze, etc. Yes, it is possible. Alternatively, the woven mesh can be a woven polymer mesh. In this example, the low-friction layer 104 does not need to include a mesh or grid.

[0015] In some embodiments, the low-friction layer 104 is made of glass fiber, carbon fiber, silicon, PEE K, aromatic polyester, carbon particles, bronze, fluoropolymer, thermoplastic filler, oxidation Aluminum, polyamide-imide (PAI), PPS, polyphenylene sulfone (PP SO2), LCP, aromatic polyester, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite , graphene, expanded graphite, boron nitride, talc, calcium fluoride, or any combination thereof It may further contain fillers including interlocking materials. Furthermore, the fillers may include alumina and silica. Titanium dioxide, calcium fluoride, boron nitride, mica, wollastonite, silicon carbide , silicon nitride, zirconia, carbon black, pigments or any combination thereof It may include: Fillers, beads, fibers, powders, meshes, or any combination thereof. It can be in a combined form. The filler is based on the total weight of the low friction layer, at least 10% by weight, for example, at least 15% by weight, 20% by weight, 25% by weight or 30% by weight That's good too.

[0016] In one embodiment, the low friction layer 104 is approximately 1 micron to approximately 500 microns, for example, approximately 1 From 0 microns to approximately 250 microns, for example, from approximately 30 microns to approximately 150 microns, for example The thickness is approximately 40 to 100 microns. LFL It can have. How many In that embodiment, the low-friction layer 104 has a thickness T of approximately 50 to 250 microns. LFL Having This is also good. Thickness T of the low friction layer 104. LFL This is any between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. It will become even more apparent that a value is also acceptable. The thickness of the low-friction layer 104 may be uniform. In other words, the thickness of the low-friction layer 104 at the first position is equal to the thickness at the second position along it. It can be made equal. The thickness of the low friction layer 104 may be non-uniform, i.e., low friction The thickness of layer 104 at a first position can be different from the thickness at a second position along it. It can be recognized that different low-friction layers 104 may have different thicknesses. The friction layer 104 may cover one main surface of the substrate 119 as shown in the figure, or both. The main surface may be covered. The substrate 119 is at least partially capped by the low friction layer 104. It may be cellularized. That is, the low friction layer 104 covers at least a portion of the substrate 119. This is also acceptable. The axial surface of the substrate 119 may be exposed from the low-friction layer 104.

[0017] Figure 2C shows the tolerance ring formed in the first step 12 of the formation process 10. This may also include examples of alternatives to materials 1000 and 1001, and alternatives to composite material 1002. Figure 2C shows, for illustrative purposes, the multilayer structure of the tolerance ring composite material 1002. As shown, according to this particular embodiment, the composite material 1002 also provides a low-friction layer 104 to the substrate. The material may also include at least one adhesive layer 121 which may be bonded to 119 and the low-friction layer 104. Apart from the advantages, composite material 1002 may be similar to composite material 1001 in Figure 2B. In other alternative embodiments, the substrate 119 may be a solid component, a woven mesh, or an expanded metal grid. As such, at least one adhesive layer 121 is included between the low-friction layer 104 and the substrate 119. It may also be buried between them.

[0018] The adhesive layer 121 may include, but is not limited to, fluoropolymers, epoxy polymers, etc. Resins, polyimide resins, polyether / polyamide copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetate, Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), ETFE copolymer, perfluoro Any public ring technology including lucoxi (PFA) or any combination thereof It may also contain an adhesive material for knowledge. Furthermore, the adhesive may contain -C=O, -COR, -COH, Choose from -COOH, -COOR, -CF2=CF-OR, or any combination thereof. It may contain at least one functional group, and R contains 1 to 20 carbon atoms. It is a cyclic or linear organic group. Furthermore, the adhesive may contain copolymers.

[0019] Filler particles (functional and / or non-functional) are present in the adhesive layer 121, for example, carbon. Fillers, carbon fiber, carbon particles, graphite, metal fillers, for example, bronze, etc. Aluminum and other metals and their alloys, metal oxide fillers, metal coatings, carbon fiber It may be added to fillers, metal film polymer fillers, or any combination thereof. .

[0020] In one embodiment, the hot-melt adhesive has a melting point of 250°C or less, for example, 220°C or less. It can have. In another embodiment, the adhesive can withstand temperatures above 200°C, for example, above 220°C. It may be destroyed. In further embodiments, the melting temperature of the hot melt adhesive is over 250°C. Furthermore, temperatures can exceed 300°C. The adhesive layer 121 is approximately 1 micron to approximately 50 0 microns, for example, from about 10 microns to about 250 microns, for example, about 30 microns Thickness T is approximately 150 microns, for example, from approximately 40 microns to approximately 100 microns. AL Having This may also be the case. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer 121 has a thickness of about 50 to 250 microns. T AL It may have. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer 121 is about 80 to 120 mm Cron thickness T AL It may have the thickness T of the adhesive layer 121. AL The minimum value and It will be further recognized that any value between any two maximum values ​​is acceptable. Adhesive layer 121 The thickness may be uniform; that is, the thickness of the adhesive layer 121 at the first position may be uniform. The thickness at the second position can be made equal to the thickness at the second position. The thickness of the adhesive layer 121 is non-uniform. Also, that is, the thickness of the adhesive layer 121 at the first position is at the second position along it. It can be different from the thickness.

[0021] Figure 2D shows the tolerance ring formed in the first step 12 of the formation process 10. Possible alternatives to materials 1000, 1001, and 1002, and alternatives to composite material 1003. Includes an example. Figure 2D shows an example of composite material 1003 of a tolerance ring. The multilayer structure is shown. According to this particular embodiment, this composite material 1003 is also at least A single corrosion protection layer 704, 705, and 708 is bonded to the substrate 119 and the low friction layer 104. A corrosion-resistant coating may include an adhesion promoter layer 127 and an epoxy layer 129. Except for the fact that it may include G1124, composite material 1003 is composite material 1 in Figure 2C. It may be similar to 002.

[0022] The substrate 119 includes a corrosion protection material to prevent corrosion of the composite material 1003 before processing. It may also be coated with corrosion protection layers 704 and 705. Furthermore, corrosion protection layer 708 It can be applied on top of layer 704. Each of layers 704, 705 and 708 is approximately 1 The layer can have a thickness of 50 microns, for example, about 7 to 15 microns. 704 and 705 are zinc phosphate, iron phosphate, manganese phosphate, or any combination thereof. It may include a corrosion protection material or nanoceramic layer containing a rib. Furthermore, layer 704 and Bi705 is a functional silane, nanoscale silane primer, hydrolyzed silane, or Ganosilane adhesion promoter, solvent / water-based silane primer, chlorinated polyolefin, passivation Chemical surface, commercially available zinc (mechanical / galvanic) or zinc-nickel coating or The corrosion-preventive material may include any combination thereof. Layer 708 is functional Silanes, nanoscale silane primers, hydrolyzed silanes, organosilane adhesion promoters It may include agents, solvents / water-based silane primers. Corrosion protection layers 704, 1706 and 708 can be removed or retained during processing.

[0023] As mentioned above, composite material 1003 may further include corrosion-resistant coating 125. Good. The corrosion-resistant coating 125 has a thickness of about 1 to 50 microns, for example, about 5 to 2 It can have a thickness of 0 microns and approximately 7 to 15 microns. Corrosion-resistant coating 125 may include an adhesion promoter layer 127 and an epoxy layer 129. 127 is zinc phosphate, iron phosphate, manganese phosphate, tin phosphate, or any combination thereof. The adhesive accelerator layer 12 may include a corrosion protection material or a nanoceramic layer containing adhesives. 7 consists of functional silanes, nanoscale silane layers, hydrolyzed silanes, and organosilanes. Adhesion promoter, solvent / water-based silane primer, chlorinated polyolefin, passivated surface, commercially available Zinc (mechanical / galvanic) or zinc-nickel coating or any of the above. The corrosion protection material may include a combination of the following: The adhesion promoter layer 127 is spray • Coating, e-coating, dip-spin coating, electrostatic coating Flow coating, roll coating, knife coating, coil coating It can be applied by coating, etc.

[0024] The epoxy layer 129 can be a corrosion protection material containing thermosetting epoxy, UV-curable epoxy, IR-curable epoxy, electron beam curable epoxy, radiation-curable epoxy, or air-curable epoxy. Furthermore, it can be. The epoxy layer 129 can contain a corrosion protection material containing polyglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, oxirane, oxacyclopropane, ethylene oxide, 1,2-epoxypropane, 2-methyloxirane, 9,10-epoxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene, or any combination thereof. The epoxy layer 129 can further contain a curing agent. The curing agent can be an amine, acid anhydride, phenolic novolak curing agent such as phenol novolak poly[N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) maleimide] (PHPMI), resole phenol formaldehyde, aliphatic amine compound, polycarboxylic acid anhydride, polyacrylate, isocyanate, encapsulated polyisocyanate, boron trifluoride amine complex, chromium-based curing agent such as chromium, polyamide, or any combination thereof. Generally, the acid anhydride can conform to the formula R-C=O-O-C=O-R', where R can be, as described above, C X H Y X Z A U The amine can contain aliphatic amines such as monoethylamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, alicyclic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, amidoamines, polyamides, dicyandiamide, [[ID=4​Generally, amines are primary amines, secondary amines, or amines that conform to the formula R1R2R3N. It can be a tertiary amine, where R is C as described above. X H Y X Z A U Let's assume This is possible. In one embodiment, the epoxy layer 129 is made of carbon filler, carbon fibers, and carbon particles. Metal fillers such as graphite, bronze, aluminum and other metallic materials, and their alloys. Metal oxide fillers, metal coating carbon fillers, metal coating polymers... Includes fillers to improve conductivity, such as fillers or any combination thereof. It is possible. The conductive filler allows current to pass through the epoxy coating. This makes it possible to increase the conductivity of the composite material compared to composite materials without conductive fillers. It can be done. In one embodiment, the epoxy layer 129 is spray coated, e-co Coating, dip-spin coating, electrostatic coating, flow coating By methods such as roll coating, knife coating, and coil coating It is coatable. Furthermore, the epoxy layer 129 can be heat-cured, UV-cured, IR-cured, and electron-cured. It can be cured by tung curing, irradiation curing, or any combination thereof. Preferably This refers to the degradation of any of the low-friction layer 104, adhesive layer 121, substrate 119, or adhesion promoter layer 127. Curing can be achieved without raising the temperature of the components beyond the minimum temperature. Therefore, epoxy may cure at temperatures below approximately 250°C, and even below approximately 200°C. .

[0025] In one embodiment, under step 12 of Figure 1, the above-mentioned material or composite material 1000, 10 One of the upper layers, 01, 1002, or 1003, is arranged in a roll shape, and peeled off from there. Furthermore, under pressure, at high temperature (hot press or rolling, or cold press or rolling), They may be joined together by adhesives, or by any combination thereof. One of the layers of the material or composite material 1000, 1001, 1002, or 1003 is They may be stacked together so that they overlap each other at least partially. One of the layers of composite material 1000, 1001, 1002, and 1003 is, for example, physically vapor Using coating technologies such as deposition, vapor deposition, spraying, plating, and powder coating. It can be applied by or through other chemical or electrochemical techniques. In the example, the low-friction layer 104 includes, for example, an extruded coating in a roll-to-roll application. It may be applied by a coating process. The low friction layer 104 may be in a molten or semi-molten state. It may be heated to a molten state and extruded through a slot die onto the main surface of the substrate 119. In one embodiment, the materials or composite materials 1000, 1001, 1002, and 1003 are a single A single, integrated strip-shaped material is also acceptable.

[0026] In other embodiments, under step 12 of Figure 1, the above-mentioned material or composite material 1000, 1 One of the layers on 001, 1002, or 1003 is, for example, physically deposited or vapor-deposited, spray Coating technologies such as laser plating, plating, powder coating, or other chemical technologies Alternatively, they may be applied together through electrochemical technology. In certain embodiments, the low friction layer 1 04 is, for example, a roll-to-roll coating process including extrusion coating. It can be applied by S. The low friction layer 104 is heated to a molten or semi-molten state and S It may be extruded onto the main surface of the substrate 119 through a lot die. In another embodiment, low friction The abrasion layer 104 may be cast or molded.

[0027] In one embodiment, the low-friction layer 104 or any other layer is attached to the substrate 1 using the molten adhesive layer 121. It can be bonded to 19 to form a laminate. In one embodiment, the material or composite material 10 Either the intervening layer or the untreated layer on 00, 1001, 1002, or 1003, the laminate The laminate may be formed from strip-shaped plates or blocks that can be formed into tolerance rings. It can be cut into grade materials. Cutting of laminates can be done with stamps, presses, punches, and saws. This may include use, or it may be machined in a different way. Cutting the laminate. This allows for the creation of a cut edge portion including the exposed portion of the substrate 119.

[0028] In one embodiment, below step 14 in Figure 1, the blank material is a laminated strip or blank material The ends may be curled to form a tolerance ring. Slings are made by stamping, pressing, punching, sawing, rolling, flanging, and deep drawing. They may be formed or machined in a different way.

[0029] After forming the semi-finished tolerance ring, the semi-finished tolerance ring is washed The material may be cleaned and any lubricants and oils used in the forming and molding processes may be removed. The cleaning process can then prepare the exposed surface of the load-bearing substrate for coating application. The cleaning may include chemical cleaning with a solvent and / or mechanical cleaning, such as ultrasonic cleaning. .

[0030] Figure 3A shows the materials or composite materials 1000, 1001, 1002, and 100 as described above. A tolerance ring 100, including one embodiment formed from three blank materials, is depicted. The relance ring 100 includes a side wall 102. The side wall 102 is as described above, It may be formed from a material and be ring-shaped (substantially annular) around a central axis of 3000. It includes a substrate 119 (e.g., spring steel) which may be curved into a generally cylindrical shape, and has an opening 1 15 may be formed. The ends of the side wall 102 do not have to be in contact (for example, they are separate). (It may also be formed as a split ring), thereby axial gear adjacent to the circumference of the side wall 102 A cap 106 is formed. In other embodiments, the side walls are curved so that both ends overlap each other. It may also be. In another embodiment, as best shown in Figure 3B, the side wall 102 is It may also be a continuous, complete ring. The side wall 102 has a low-friction layer 104 that conforms to the shape of the side wall 102. It may further include, as described above, composite materials 1000, 1001, 1002, 1 The low-friction layer 104 is formed similarly to the blank material 003. Tolerance ring 10 Even if the 0 and / or side wall 102 has a first axial end 120 and a second axial end 122 Good. The tolerance ring 100 and / or side wall 102 have inner surface 130 and outer surface 132 It may have. The inner surface 130 of the tolerance ring 100 and / or side wall 102 is as described above. As shown above, the side is formed from composite materials 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003. It may have a low-friction layer 104 that conforms to the shape of the wall.

[0031] The tolerance ring 100 extends radially inward from the outer surface 132 of the tolerance ring 100. Alternatively, it may have a plurality of spaced projections 108 extending outward. The projections are compressed It may be deformable accordingly. The projection 108 may be formed by stamping. For example, it is pressed using an optimally molded die, a rotating wave shape, etc. Optionally, A flat, circumferentially extending portion of the composite material located at at least one axial end of the origin 108 A rim 109 may be present. Alternatively, the axial end of the projection 108 may be a tolerance ring. It may be positioned at the first axial end 120 or the second axial end 122 of 100. Then, each projection 108 is positioned away from the adjacent projection 108 from the tolerance ring 100. The formed portion 110 may be separated, and the unformed portion 110 may be connected to the rim 109. They are subsequently formed, and may be spaced circumferentially between the first pair of adjacent protrusions 108. The projection 108 may be similar in shape to the wave used in conventional tolerance rings. It may include axially elongated circumferential ridges that extend in the radial direction. Each ridge The peak 113 may be curved, and the axial end of each ridge portion may be a pair of tapered shoulders 111 It terminates there. Optionally, the tolerance ring 100 has a projection 108 that extends radially. It may include an unformed region 114 on the surface opposite to the surface being formed. For example, as shown in Figure 3A. Thus, the unformed region 114 is on the inner surface 130, while the projection 108 is on the outer surface 132 It extends radially outward along the line. The unformed region 114 does not include a projection and is connected to the side wall 102. You may continue.

[0032] As shown in Figures 3A to 3C, the tolerance ring 100 is a different type of compound It may include a number of protrusions 108. The tolerance ring 100 is a first type of protrusion It may include 108a and a second type of projection 108b. First type of projection 10 8a is the radial height H PA It may have the following features. Specifically, the radial height H of the projection 108a of the first type PA This is best illustrated in Figure 3B. The distance from the peak 113 of the projection 108a to the unformed region 114 of the side wall 102 is as follows: According to a particular embodiment, the radial height H of the first type of projection 108a PA teeth, At least approximately 0.1 mm or at least approximately 0.2 mm or at least approximately 0.3 mm or a small It may be as small as approximately 0.4 mm or at least approximately 0.5 mm. Furthermore, according to other embodiments... , Radial height H of the first type of projection 108a PA It can be about 10mm or less, for example For example, 8mm or less, 6mm or less, 5mm or less, 3mm or less, 1mm or less, 0.9mm or less, Alternatively, it may be approximately 0.8 mm or less. In some embodiments, the first type of projection 108 Radial height H of a PA This can be in the range of at least approximately 0.1 mm to approximately 1.5 mm or less. Radial height H of the projection 108a of the first type PA any of the above minimum and maximum values It will be recognized that it is also acceptable within the range. Radial direction of the first type of projection 108a Height H PA It is further recognized that this can be any value between any of the above minimum and maximum values. It will be. Radial height H of the first type of projection 108a PA The change along its circumference It is also recognizable that it may change and vary across multiple tolerance rings. That is the case.

[0033] The first type of projection 108a has a circumferential width W PA It may have. The purpose of the embodiments described is to provide a circumferential width W of the projection 108a of the first type. PA As best shown in Figure 3B, one adjacent to the first type of projection 108a From the end of the unformed portion 110, the unformed portion opposite in the circumferential direction of the first type of projection 108a This is the distance up to 110 minutes. According to a particular embodiment, the circle of the first type projection 108a Circumferential width W PA is at least about 0.1 mm or at least about 0.2 mm or at least It may be approximately 0.3 mm, or at least approximately 0.4 mm, or at least approximately 0.5 mm. According to other embodiments, the circumferential width W of the first type projection 108a PA It is approximately 20mm The following are also acceptable, for example, approximately 15mm or less, 10mm or less, 5mm or less, 1mm or less, 0. It may be 9 mm or less, or about 0.8 mm or less. In some embodiments, the first type Circumferential width W of projection 108a PA This is in the range of at least approximately 1 mm to approximately 10 mm. Good. The circumferential width W of the projection 108a of the first type. PA The above minimum and maximum values It will be recognized that it may be within any range. Circumferential width W PA Furthermore, it can be any value between any of the above minimum and maximum values. It will be recognized. The circumferential width W of the first type of projection 108a PA along its circumference It is also recognized that it may change, and may change across multiple tolerance rings. It is recognizable.

[0034] The first type of projection 108a has a shoulder length L SA It may have. In this specification The purpose of the described embodiments is to provide a shoulder length L of the projection 108a of the first type. SA teeth, As best shown in Figure 3C, the rim 109 or axial end of the tolerance ring 100 This is the distance from 120, 122 to the upper end of the shoulder portion 111 at peak 113. According to the embodiment, the shoulder length L of the projection 108a of the first type SA is at least about 0 0.1 mm or at least approximately 0.2 mm or at least approximately 0.3 mm or at least approximately 0. 4 mm or at least about 0.5 mm. Furthermore, according to other embodiments, the first type Shoulder length L of projection 108a SA It can be about 5mm or less, for example, 1mm or less, approximately It may be 0.9 mm or less, or approximately 0.8 mm or less. In some embodiments, the first tie Shoulder length L of projection 108a of part SA This is within the range of at least approximately 0.3 mm to approximately 2 mm. It may also be enclosed. Shoulder length L of the projection 108a of the first type SA The above are the minimum and maximum values. It will be recognized that it may be within any range between the first type of projection 108a Shoulder length L SA Furthermore, it can be any value between any of the above minimum and maximum values. It will be recognized. Shoulder length L of projection 108a of the first type SA along its circumference It is also recognized that it may change, and may change across multiple tolerance rings. It is possible.

[0035] The first type of projection 108a has a ridge inclination S RPA It may have. The purpose of the embodiments described herein is to determine the inclination of the ridge portion of the first type of projection 108a S RPAThe circumferential width W of the first type of projection 108a is PA The first ta divided by half Radial height H of the projection 108a of the pipe PA According to a particular embodiment, the first type The inclination S of the ridge portion of the projection 108a RPA is at least about 0.1 or at least about 0. 2 or at least about 0.3 or at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 1. It may be at least about 2, at least about 4, at least about 6, or at least about 10. Furthermore, according to other embodiments, the inclination S of the ridge portion of the first type projection 108a RPA teeth, It can be around 50 or less, for example, around 20 or less, or around 10 or less. Several implementations In the example, the inclination S of the ridge portion of the first type of projection 108a RPA is at least about 0.0 The range may be from 2 to approximately 3 or less. The inclination S of the ridge portion of the first type of projection 108a R PA It will be recognized that this can be within any range between the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. The inclination S of the ridge portion of the first type projection 108a RPA The above minimum and maximum values ​​are arbitrary It will be further recognized that any value between these two values ​​is acceptable. First type projection 108 Slope S of the ridge of a RPA this changes along the circumferential length of the first type of projection 108a It is also possible to do so, and it is also recognizable that it may vary across multiple tolerance rings. be.

[0036] In a particular embodiment, the first type of projection 108a of the tolerance ring 100 is approximately It can have radial stiffness from 50 to approximately 6000 N. Furthermore, the first type of projection The radial stiffness of part 108a is also within any of the above values ​​and any of the above values It can include the radial direction of the projection 108a of the first type of tolerance ring 100. The rigidity is determined by the clearance of the circumferential components (internal or external components, as described later). Measure the radial force required to compress the first type of projection 108a for the lance. This makes it possible to measure.

[0037] The second type of projection 108b has a radial height H PB It may have. The purpose of the embodiments described is to reduce the radial height H of the second type of projection 108b. PB As best shown in Figure 3B, the projection 108b extends from the peak 113 to the side wall 102. This is the distance to the unformed region 114. According to a particular embodiment, the second type of projection 10 Radial height H of 8b PB is at least about 0.1 mm or at least about 0.2 mm or less Even if there isn't a minimum of 0.3 mm, or at least 0.4 mm, or at least 0.5 mm, that's acceptable. Furthermore, according to other embodiments, the radial height H of the second type of projection 108b PB It is approximately It can be 10mm or less, for example, 8mm or less, 6mm or less, 5mm or less, 3mm or less, 1 It may be less than or equal to mm, less than or equal to 0.9 mm, or less than or equal to approximately 0.8 mm. In some embodiments, Radial height H of the second type of projection 108b PB It is at least about 0.1 mm to about 1 A range of 0.5 mm or less is also acceptable. Radial height H of the second type of projection 108b PB However, the above It will be recognized that it may be within any range between the minimum and maximum values. Second tie Radial height H of the projection 108b of the part PBany value between any minimum and maximum values ​​above However, it will be further recognized that this is good. Radial height of the second type of projection 108b H PB It may change along its circumference, and may change across multiple tolerance rings. It is also possible that the first type of projection 10 8a may have a different radial height from the second type of projection 108b. As a result, the second type of projection 108b has different characteristics or behavior. A first type of projection 108a may be produced.

[0038] The second type of projection 108b has a circumferential width W PB It may have. The purpose of the embodiments described is to provide a circumferential width W of the second type of projection 108b. PB As best shown in Figure 3B, one adjacent to the second type of projection 108b From the end of the unformed portion 110, the unformed portion opposite in the circumferential direction of the second type of projection 108b This is the distance up to 110 minutes. According to a particular embodiment, the circle of the second type projection 108b Circumferential width W PB is at least about 0.1 mm or at least about 0.2 mm or at least It may be approximately 0.3 mm, or at least approximately 0.4 mm, or at least approximately 0.5 mm. According to other embodiments, the circumferential width W of the second type of projection 108b PB It is approximately 20mm The following are also acceptable, for example, approximately 15mm or less, 10mm or less, 5mm or less, 1mm or less, 0. It may be 9 mm or less, or about 0.8 mm or less. In some embodiments, the second type Circumferential width W of projection 108b PB This is in the range of at least approximately 1 mm to approximately 10 mm. Good. The circumferential width W of the second type of projection 108b PB The above minimum and maximum values It will be recognized that it may be within any range. The second type of projection 108b Circumferential width W PB Furthermore, it can be any value between any of the above minimum and maximum values. It will be recognized. The circumferential width W of the second type of projection 108b PB along its circumference It is also recognized that it may change, and may change across multiple tolerance rings. Recognizable. In some embodiments, the first type projection 108a is a second type The projection 108b may have different circumferential widths. As a result, A first type of projection having different characteristics or behavior from the second type of projection 108b Part 108a may be generated.

[0039] The second type of projection 108b is shoulder length L SB It may have. In this specification The purpose of the described embodiments is to provide a shoulder length L of the second type projection 108b. SB teeth, As best shown in Figure 3C, the rim 109 or axial end of the tolerance ring 100 This is the distance from 120, 122 to the upper end of the shoulder portion 111 at peak 113. According to the embodiment, the shoulder length L of the second type projection 108b SB is at least about 0 0.1 mm or at least approximately 0.2 mm or at least approximately 0.3 mm or at least approximately 0. 4 mm or at least about 0.5 mm. Furthermore, according to other embodiments, a second type The shoulder length L of the projection 108b SB It can be about 5mm or less, for example, about 1mm or less. It may be approximately 0.9 mm or less, or approximately 0.8 mm or less. In some embodiments, the second Shoulder length L of the protrusion 108b of the pipe SB These are at least about 0.3 mm to about 2 mm or less A range is also acceptable. Shoulder length L of the second type projection 108b SB The above minimum and maximum It will be recognized that the value may be within any range. Second type of projection 108 b Shoulder length L SB Furthermore, it is possible that this can be any value between any of the above minimum and maximum values. It will be recognized as follows: Shoulder length L of the second type projection 108b SB along its circumference It is also recognized that it may change, and may change across multiple tolerance rings. Recognizable. In some embodiments, the first type projection 108a is a second type The shoulder portion may have different lengths relative to the projection 108b. This results in the second A first type of projection having different characteristics or behavior from the projection 108b of the first type 108a may occur.

[0040] The second type of projection 108b has a ridge slope S RPB It may have. The purpose of the embodiments described herein is to determine the inclination of the ridge portion of the second type of projection 108b. S RPB The circumferential width W of the second type of projection 108b is PB The second ta divided by half Radial height H of the projection 108b of the pipe PB According to a particular embodiment, the second type The inclination S of the ridge portion of the projection 108b RPB is at least about 0.1 or at least about 0. 2 or at least about 0.3 or at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 1. It may be at least about 2, at least about 4, at least about 6, or at least about 10. Furthermore, according to other embodiments, the inclination S of the ridge portion of the second type projection 108b RPB teeth, It can be around 50 or less, for example, around 20 or less, or around 10 or less. Several implementations In the example, the inclination S of the ridge portion of the second type of projection 108b RPB is at least about 0.0 The range may be from 2 to approximately 3 or less. The inclination S of the ridge of the second type of projection 108b R PB It will be recognized that this can be within any range between the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. The inclination S of the ridge portion of the second type of projection 108b RPB The above minimum and maximum values ​​are arbitrary It will be further recognized that any value between these two is also acceptable. Second type of projection 108 The slope S of the ridge at b RPB This changes along the circumferential length of the second type of projection 108b. It is also possible to do so, and it is also recognizable that it may vary across multiple tolerance rings. Yes. In some embodiments, the first type of projection 108a is a second type of projection. With respect to 108b, the projection may have at least one ridge with a different inclination. As a result, the second type of projection 108b has different characteristics or behavior. A first type of projection 108a may be generated.

[0041] In a particular embodiment, the second type of projection 108b of the tolerance ring 100 is approximately It can have radial stiffness from 50 to approximately 6000 N. Furthermore, a second type of projection The radial stiffness of part 108b is within any of the above values ​​and includes any of the above values. This is possible. Radial rigidity of the second type projection 108b of the tolerance ring 100. This refers to the clearance of the circumferential components (inner components or outer components as described later). To measure the radial force required to compress the second type of projection 108b for the purpose of It can be measured by the torque of the second type projection 108b in some embodiments. It can be approximately 2500 N / mm.

[0042] Figure 4 depicts another embodiment of the Tolerance Ring 200. Similar to Figure 3, trail running The sling 200 and / or side wall 202 have a first axial end 220 and a second axial end 2 It has 22, which is formed around the central axis 3000 and may form an opening 215. The lance ring 200 and / or side wall 202 may have an inner surface 230 and an outer surface 232. The side wall 202 also has a plurality of projections 208(2) extending radially inward from its inner surface 130. It may have projections 208 (208a, 208b). They may be in contact with each other in the circumferential direction, or they may be spaced apart in the circumferential direction as in the embodiment shown in Figure 3A. A gap may be placed between them. The projections 208 (208a, 208b) are shown in Figures 3A to 3C. As with the aforementioned protrusions 108 (108a, 108b), similar shapes and parameters (for example) Alternatively, the radial height of the projection, the rigidity of the projection, or the orientation may also be used.

[0043] In operation, the tolerance ring 100 is positioned between two components in the assembly. It may be done. For example, it may consist of an inner component (e.g., a shaft) and an outer component (e.g., For example, it may be located in the annular space between the bore (inside the housing) and the projection 108. It may be compressed between the inner and outer components. Each projection 108 is a spring and They may act in such a way that they deform and attach the components together with zero clearance between them. In other words, the inner components are in contact with the inner surface 130 of the tolerance ring 100, and the outer components are in contact with the outer surface. The side component contacts the outer surface 132 of the tolerance ring 100.

[0044] Figure 5A shows an exemplary assembly 300 including an embodiment of the tolerance ring 200. Next, an axial cross-sectional view is drawn. Assembly 300 is, for example, shown in Figure 3A. The sling 200 is incorporated. Assembly 300 is housing below the central axis 3000. 302 may include an outer component. The housing 302 is formed therein It may have a forward bore 304, and the axial bore 304 is the shaft 306 or an internal component Accept. The annular gap is between the outer surface 308 of the shaft 306 and the inner surface 310 of the bore 304. It exists between them. Since the diameters of shaft 306 and bore 304 may vary within manufacturing tolerances, The size of this annular gap may be variable. This prevents vibration of the shaft 306 within the bore 304. To achieve this, the annular gap is filled with tolerance ring 200, and the components Forms a zero-clearance fit between them. During use, the circumferential aspect of the tolerance ring 200 The projecting portion 208 is positioned so as to contact the inner component 306 on the shaft 30 It may be compressed radially within the annular gap between 6 and the housing 302. Tolerance The ring is used to transmit torque, or as a torque limiting device in this type of application. You may use it.

[0045] Figure 5B shows an exemplary assembly 400 including another embodiment of the tolerance ring 100. A cross-sectional view in the axial direction is depicted. Assembly 300 is, for example, shown in Figure 3A. The sling 100 is incorporated. Assembly 400 is housing below the central axis 3000. 302 may include an outer component. The housing 302 is formed therein It may have a forward bore 304, and the axial bore 304 is the shaft 306 or an internal component Accept. The annular gap is between the outer surface 308 of the shaft 306 and the inner surface 310 of the bore 304. It exists between them. Since the diameters of shaft 306 and bore 304 may vary within manufacturing tolerances, The size of this annular gap may be variable. This prevents vibration of the shaft 306 within the bore 304. To achieve this, the annular gap is filled by the tolerance ring 100, and the components Forms a zero-clearance fit between them. During use, the circumferential aspect of the tolerance ring 100 The projecting portion 108 is positioned so as to contact the outer component 302, on the shaft 30 Compressed radially within the annular gap between 6 and the inside of the bore 304 of the housing 302 That's good too.

[0046] In some embodiments, tolerance limits are used, as shown in Figures 3A and 4 to 5B. Rings 100 and 200 are the first axial ends 120 and 2 of the tolerance rings 100 and 200. Length L measured between 20 and the second axial ends 122, 22 TR It may have length. L TR However, the materials or composite materials 1000, 1001, 1002, 1 shown in Figures 2A to 2D It will be recognized that the length may be substantially similar to that of 003. According to the information, the tolerance rings 100 and 200 are length L. TRis at least about 1 mm, for example, it may be at least about 10 mm, or at least about 30 mm, or at least about 50 mm, or at least about 100 mm, or at least about 500 mm. According to further other embodiments, the length L of the tolerance rings 100, 200 TR may be about 1000 mm or less, for example, it may be about 500 mm or less, or about 250 mm or less. It will be recognized that the length L of the tolerance rings 100, 200 TR may be within any range between the above-mentioned minimum and maximum values. It will further be recognized that the length L of the tolerance rings 100, 200 may be any value between the above-mentioned minimum and maximum TR values. It will also be recognized that the length L of the tolerance rings 100, 200 may vary along its circumference. The length L of the tolerance rings 100, 200 TR may vary along its circumference. This can also be recognized.

[0047] In some embodiments, as best shown in FIGS. 3B and 5B, the tolerance rings 100, 200 may have a specific inner diameter IR TR as described herein. For the purposes of the embodiments described herein, the inner diameter IR of the tolerance rings 100, 200 is the distance from the central axis TR line 3000 to the inner surfaces 130, 230. According to a specific embodiment, the inner diameter IR of the tolerance rings 100, 200 is the distance from the central axis line 3000 to the inner surfaces 130, 230. According to a specific embodiment, the inner diameter IR of the tolerance rings 100, 200 TR is at least about 10 mm, or at least about 2 0 mm, or at least about 30 mm, or at least about 50 mm, or at least about 100 mm may be. According to further other embodiments, the inner diameter IR of the tolerance rings 100, 200 T R ​It can be approximately 500mm or less, for example, approximately 250mm or less, or approximately 100mm or less. But that's fine. Inner diameter IR of tolerance ring 100, 200 TR The above are the minimum and maximum values. It will be recognized that it may be within any range between these. Tolerance Ring 100, 2 00 Inner diameter IR TR Furthermore, it is possible that this can be any value between any of the above minimum and maximum values. It will be recognized as: Tolerance ring 100, 200 inner diameter IR TR On its circumference It may change along the same line, and it may also change across multiple tolerance rings. It is recognizable.

[0048] In some embodiments, tolerance limits are used, as best shown in Figures 3B and 5B. 100 and 200 are specific outer diameter OR TR It may have the following, as described herein. The purpose of the embodiments described is to modify the outer diameter of tolerance rings 100 and 200 OR TR The central axis This is the distance from line 3000 to outer surfaces 132 and 232. According to a specific example, trail running Sling 100, 200 outer diameter OR TR is at least about 10 mm or at least about 2 0 mm or at least approximately 30 mm or at least approximately 50 mm or at least approximately 100 mm But that's fine. Furthermore, according to other embodiments, the outer diameter of tolerance rings 100, 200 OR T R It can be approximately 500mm or less, for example, approximately 250mm or less, or approximately 100mm or less. But that's fine. Tolerance ring 100, 200 outer diameter OR TR The above are the minimum and maximum values. It will be recognized that it may be within any range between these. Tolerance Ring 100, 2 Outer diameter of 00 ORTR Furthermore, it is possible that this can be any value between any of the above minimum and maximum values. It will be recognized as: Tolerance ring 100, 200 outer diameter OR TR On its circumference It may change along the same line, and it may also change across multiple tolerance rings. It is recognizable.

[0049] In some embodiments, as best shown in Figures 2A to 2D and Figure 5A, Lance Ring 100, 200 are available in a specific thickness T. TR It may have. In this specification The purpose of the described examples is to provide tolerance rings 100 and 200 with a thickness T TR teeth, This is the distance from the inner surface 130, 230 to the outer surface 132, 232. Tolerance Ring 10 Thickness T of 0,200 TR However, the materials or composite materials 1000, 100 shown in Figures 2A to 2D It will be recognized that thicknesses similar to or identical to 1, 1002, and 1003 may be used. According to the example, the tolerance rings 100 and 200 have a thickness T TR is at least about 0 0.1 mm or at least approximately 0.2 mm or at least approximately 0.3 mm or at least approximately 0. 4 mm or at least about 0.5 mm may be used. Furthermore, according to other embodiments, tolerance... Ring thickness T 100, 200 TR It can be approximately 1 mm or less, for example, approximately 0.9 mm or less. The thickness can be lower, or approximately 0.8 mm or less. Tolerance Ring 100, 200 Thickness T TR It will be recognized that this can be within any range between the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. Lance Ring 100, 200 thickness T TR any between the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above It will be further recognized that values ​​such as Tolerance Ring 100, 200 thickness SaT TR It is also recognizable that it may change along its circumference. Thickness T 100, 200 TR The tolerance may change along its circumference, and multiple tolerances It is also possible to recognize that variations may occur across the ring.

[0050] Figure 6 shows an exemplary assembly 500 including another embodiment of the tolerance ring 100. A side view is drawn. Assembly 500 is, for example, shown in Figure 3A, tolerance line The assembly 500 incorporates the housing 302 or external components. The housing 302 may also have an axial bore 304 formed therein. The directional bore 304 receives the shaft 306 or internal components. The annular gap is It exists between the outer surface 308 of the shaft 306 and the inner surface 310 of the bore 304. And since the diameter of bore 304 can vary within manufacturing tolerances, the size of this annular gap is variable. But that's fine. To prevent vibration of the shaft 306 within the bore 304, the annular gap is... Filled with a clearance ring 100, ensuring a zero-clearance fit between components. To form. During use, the circumferential projection 108 of the tolerance ring 100 is formed. The shaft 306 and the bore 30 of the housing 302 are in contact with the outer component 302. 4 may be compressed radially within the annular gap between it and the inside. In this embodiment, the inside structure At least one of the component elements 306 or the outer component elements 302 is a projection 108 It includes a groove 303 configured to accommodate one of the tolerance ring projections 108 Circumferential motion between the and groove 303 may be prevented. In other embodiments, the inner component 30 6 or at least one of the outer components 302 accommodates the tolerance ring 100 itself It includes grooves configured to allow the tolerance ring 100 and the inner component 306 or outer Axial motion between the component 302 may be prevented. For example, as shown in Figure 6, The groove 303 is located on the outer component 302, protrudes outward of the second type, and extends radially. The protrusion 108b may be accommodated. As a result, the protrusion 108b and the outer component 30 Due to locking between groove 303 in 2, the tolerance ring 100 is aligned with the central axis 30 Movement is restricted to axial or circumferential directions along 00 or around the central axis 3000. It may also be used.

[0051] In at least one embodiment, assemblies 300, 400, and 500 include a lubricant. This is also acceptable. In at least one embodiment, the lubricant is lithium soap, lithium disulfide, graphite. Mineral oil or vegetable oil, silicone grease, fluoroether-based grease, apiezon, May the grease include at least one of food-grade grease and petrochemical-grade grease? , or a different type. In at least one embodiment, the lubricant is Group I- Group III+ oils, paraffinic oils, naphthenic oils, aromatic oils, bio-lubricants, castor oil Canola oil, palm oil, sunflower seed oil, rapeseed oil, tall oil, lanolin, synthetic oil, Polyalpha-olefins, synthetic esters, polyalkylene glycols, phosphate esters Alkylated naphthalene, silicate ester, ionic fluid, multi-alkylated silicate The oil may contain lopentane, or at least one petrochemical oil, or different It may be of a type. In at least one embodiment, the lubricant may include a solid-based lubricant containing at least one of lithium soap, graphite, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, metal, and metal alloy, or may be of a different type. When using a lubricant, it is desirable to be disposed at least along a desired sliding interface (described later). In normal operation, a rotational torque is applied to one of the inner component and the outer component, and that torque is transmitted to the other of the inner component and the outer component by an interference fit of the tolerance ring. However, when one of the components rotates and is coupled, the tolerance ring functions to allow slippage between the inner component and the outer component. According to the embodiments herein, that slippage occurs at a desired sliding interface, generally the surface opposite the protrusion. For example, in some embodiments shown to have outwardly protruding protrusions, the sliding interface occurs at the tolerance ring / inner component interface, along the radially inner surface of the tolerance ring. This may be due to using a first type of radially extending protrusion and a second type of radially extending protrusion each having different characteristics based on differences in radial height, circumferential width, shoulder length, inclination, or rigidity as described above. To ensure slippage at the desired interface, the detachment torques τ at two interfaces opposite the wave / protrusion (the surfaces facing radially opposite directions of the tolerance ring) are different. The detachment torque τ is defined below. Here, the detachment torque τ at the desired sliding interface is lower than the detachment torque τ at the non-sliding interface. It may be of a different type. When using a lubricant, it is desirable to be disposed at least along a desired sliding interface (described later). It may be of a different type. When using a lubricant, it is desirable to be disposed at least along a desired sliding interface (described later). It may be of a different type. When using a lubricant, it is desirable to be disposed at least along a desired sliding interface (described later).

[0052] In normal operation, a rotational torque is applied to one of the inner component and the outer component, and that torque is transmitted to the other of the inner component and the outer component by an interference fit of the tolerance ring. In normal operation, a rotational torque is applied to one of the inner component and the outer component, and that torque is transmitted to the other of the inner component and the outer component by an interference fit of the tolerance ring. However, when one of the components rotates and is coupled, the tolerance ring functions to allow slippage between the inner component and the outer component. According to the embodiments herein, that slippage occurs at a desired sliding interface, generally the surface opposite the protrusion. For example, in some embodiments shown to have outwardly protruding protrusions, the sliding interface occurs at the tolerance ring / inner component interface, along the radially inner surface of the tolerance ring. This may be due to using a first type of radially extending protrusion and a second type of radially extending protrusion each having different characteristics based on differences in radial height, circumferential width, shoulder length, inclination, or rigidity as described above. To ensure slippage at the desired interface, the detachment torques τ at two interfaces opposite the wave / protrusion (the surfaces facing radially opposite directions of the tolerance ring) are different. The detachment torque τ is defined below. Here, the detachment torque τ at the desired sliding interface is lower than the detachment torque τ at the non-sliding interface. In normal operation, a rotational torque is applied to one of the inner component and the outer component, and that torque is transmitted to the other of the inner component and the outer component by an interference fit of the tolerance ring. However, when one of the components rotates and is coupled, the tolerance ring functions to allow slippage between the inner component and the outer component. According to the embodiments herein, that slippage occurs at a desired sliding interface, generally the surface opposite the protrusion. For example, in some embodiments shown to have outwardly protruding protrusions, the sliding interface occurs at the tolerance ring / inner component interface, along the radially inner surface of the tolerance ring. This may be due to using a first type of radially extending protrusion and a second type of radially extending protrusion each having different characteristics based on differences in radial height, circumferential width, shoulder length, inclination, or rigidity as described above. To ensure slippage at the desired interface, the detachment torques τ at two interfaces opposite the wave / protrusion (the surfaces facing radially opposite directions of the tolerance ring) are different. The detachment torque τ is defined below. Here, the detachment torque τ at the desired sliding interface is lower than the detachment torque τ at the non-sliding interface.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

[0053] By way of non-limiting example, the second type of protrusion 108b may include a sharper profile that can be positively engaged by an inner component or an outer component with which the protrusion contacts. The second type of protrusion 108b may have differences in their parameters ( e.g., radial height, circumferential width, shoulder length, inclination or stiffness) from the first type of protrusion 108a, thereby resulting in a sharper profile and providing different behaviors and characteristics for each type of protrusion. As a result, according to a particular embodiment, the first type of protrusion provides a desired tolerance compensation and adapts to manufacturing tolerances between an inner component and an outer component. In addition, the second type provides an enhanced “engagement” or “grip” between the thruster ring and the contacting inner / outer member, which in turn enhances the disengagement torque at that interface. The number, arrangement and parameters (e.g., radial height, circumferential width, shoulder length, inclination or stiffness) of the second type of protrusion 108b relative to the first type of protrusion 108a are selected to impart different characteristics and / or behaviors to the protrusions, achieve a desired slip performance with strong torque performance, and restrain slip on a desired surface of an inner component or an outer component. According to an embodiment, the thruster ring may have a first disengagement torque τ1 defined as the disengagement torque between the

[0054] thruster ring protrusions and an inner component or an outer component with which the protrusions contact, and a second disengagement torque τ2 defined as the disengagement torque between the unformed region and the other of the inner component and the outer component. In some embodiments, 1.1 τ2≦τ1, e.g., 1.2τ2≦τ1, e.g., 1.5τ2≦τ1 ​For example, 2τ2≦τ1 or 5τ2≦τ1. As mentioned above, the first t The protrusions of the pipe are configured to provide tolerance compensation between the inner and outer components. The second type of projection may be related to the inner component 306 or the outer component 302. In addition, it may be configured to increase the circumferential detachment torque τ2 at the interface.

[0055] The torque values ​​described herein were measured by Mecmesin Ltd. The test is performed using the Helixa-i model torque testing apparatus provided. Tolerance limits apply. The ring is positioned between the inner and outer components and securely fixed to the inner component. First, measure the desorption torque at the radially outer interface, and then, in another test, measure the desorption torque at the radially inner interface. To measure torque, it is securely fixed to the outer component. The fixing is to the metal component. This is done using an adhesive like Super Glue, which is designed to stick together. This is also good. The device operates at 30 rpm at 50 saturations in room temperature (approximately 21°C), +360°C, and -360°C. It operates across the cycle, applying increased torque between the inner and outer components, and smooth The measured peak torque, which is roughly correlated with the torque value at the start of the test, is recorded. The test showed that although it does not have a low-friction coating, the grease along the evaluated sliding interface... This is done using the provided tolerance ring. Therefore, in embodiments having a low friction layer The test ensures that the measured detachment torque value does not depend on this type of low-friction layer. Therefore, the low-friction layer is removed. As shown in Figure 7, torque as a function of time (s) The graph showing the results of the N·m) sample is shown. As shown, circled Region 702 is where break torque occurs. [Examples]

[0056] Two tolerance rings were tested. The first tolerance ring (ring A) was, This is a control ring having only the projection of the first type of projection that faces radially outward. (Figure 8) This refers to the free state or the mounted state (around the inner component 306) from several perspectives. A drawing of ring A800 is shown. Ring A is installed at equal intervals around the circumference, with a maximum of 0 It has 14 first-type projections with an acceptable burr specification of 0.2. 11.85 Assembled between an inner component with a diameter of 9 mm and an outer component with a diameter of 12.692 mm. At that time, an assembly force of 18 to 32 kg was detected. The minimum height of the end wave was approximately 0.4 It was 2 mm. Ring A had a diameter of 12.5 mm, a length of 3 mm, and a diameter of 0.2 ± 0.01 It has a thickness of 3 mm. Ring A has a material hardness of approximately 400 to 450 VPN. Ring A is made of stainless steel. The second tolerance ring (ring B) is made of stainless steel. The experimental rings according to the examples in the specification, both of which face radially outward. It had the projection of the ipu and the projection of the second type of projection. Figure 9 shows the free state or Ring B900 in several views in its installed state (around the inner component 306) A drawing is shown. Ring B is placed at equal intervals around the circumference, with a maximum allowable range of 0.2. Ten first-type protrusions and four second-type protrusions are shown having a burr specification. It has an inner component with a diameter of 11.82 mm and an outer component with a diameter of 12.692 mm. During assembly, an assembly force of 18 to 32 kg was felt. End wave height The minimum was approximately 0.42 mm. Ring B has a diameter of 12.5 mm, a length of 3 mm and a thickness of 0.2 ± 0.013 mm. Ring B has a material hardness of about 400 to about 450 VPN and is made of stainless steel. The tolerance ring is designed to ensure that sliding occurs against the shaft instead of the housing. Both Rings A and B were tested for sliding torque under two conditions. 1) Attached to the shaft or inner component to ensure sliding on the sliding surface on the housing or outer component, or 2) Adhered to the housing or outer component to ensure sliding on the sliding surface on the shaft or inner component. For these tests, both the inner component and the outer component are brass C3604, and the lubricant is applied only between the tolerance ring and the sliding surface of one of the inner or outer components. The results of these tests are shown in Table 1 below. As shown, the tendency of the system is to slide against the housing since the required

Table 1

[0057] As shown, the tendency of the system is to slide against the housing since the required torque was lower on the shaft. Further shown, Ring B with two types of protrusions has almost twice the torque for sliding occurring within the housing and has little effect on the torque for sliding on the shaft. Therefore, the torque for sliding on the shaft is lower than the torque for sliding within the housing, and it can be concluded that sliding is due to the second type of protrusion and occurs on the shaft.

[0058] Applications for this type of embodiment include, for example, electric motors (e.g., wiper motors) or This relates to rotating devices such as axial sliding applications (e.g., steering column adjustment mechanisms). Includes assembly. The embodiments disclosed herein are robotics, mechatronics. It has applications found in automotive parts or other uses. Tolerance ring or assembly The use of yellowtail may offer increased advantages in several applications. According to the examples, the tolerance ring can provide the desired slip only at the desired interface. This feature means that slippage occurs without a large change in the torque value (axial or circumferential). By sliding at a predetermined level of torque over multiple operating cycles on the desired surface (in the direction of) This can protect the components of assemblies 300, 400, and 500 from overload. And the tolerance ring slides at only one of the two possible sliding interfaces. By configuring it in this way, the tolerance ring can, for example, in the case of a rotary assembly, By preventing axial movement along the wedge or shaft, the assembly It can be maintained in the appropriate place within. As a result, tolerance lin according to the examples herein The G100 and G200 can improve torque or sliding performance, as well as appropriate tolerance compensation and position Maintaining the position, and as a result, the assembly, tolerance ring and other adjacent components To increase lifespan and improve effectiveness and performance.

[0059] Many different embodiments and examples are possible. Some of these embodiments and examples will be described later. After reading this specification, a person skilled in the art will realize that those embodiments and examples are merely illustrations and not illustrations. It would be acknowledged that this does not limit the scope of the present invention. Examples are listed below. You may follow one or more of the embodiments described above.

[0060] Example 1: A tolerance ring, wherein the tolerance ring has side walls, and the side walls are , a plurality of radially extending protrusions on the first radial surface, and the opposite side of the first radial surface The tolerance ring has an unformed region on the second radial surface, and the tolerance ring The first disengagement torque is defined as the disengagement torque between the projection and the inner or outer component. The release torque τ1 is provided, and the tolerance ring is an unformed region and an inner or outer component. A second detachment torque τ2 is provided, defined as the detachment torque between the element and the other element, 1.1 A tolerance ring where τ2 ≤ τ1.

[0061] Example 2: An assembly comprising an inner component, an outer component, and an inner A tolerance lever located between the side component and the outer component, providing a tight fit between them. The tolerance ring has side walls, and the side walls are diameters on the first radial surface. Multiple protrusions extending in the direction, and an unformed shape on the second radial surface opposite the first radial surface. The tolerance ring has a defined region and an inner component or This provides a first detachment torque τ1, which is defined as the detachment torque between the outer component and the other component. The relence ring is a separation ring between the unformed region and the other of the inner or outer component. Provides a second disengagement torque τ2 defined as τ, where 1.1τ2≦τ1, ace Yellowtail.

[0062] Example 3: 1.2τ2≦τ1, 1.5τ2≦τ1, 2τ2≦τ1, or 5τ2≦τ1 The tolerance ring or assembly described in Example 1 or 2.

[0063] Example 4: Tolerance ring projection compensates for tolerance between inner and outer components. A first type of projection configured to provide compensation, and an inner or outer component Engages with and causes circumferential detachment between the tolerance ring and the inner or outer component. Embodiment 1 has a second type of projection configured to increase torque τ. A tolerance ring or assembly as described in any one of the three items.

[0064] Example 5: Each of the projections has a circumferential width, a radial height, and a circumferential direction extending radially. Including the ridge, the ridge rises to the peak within the circumferential width, descends from the peak, and a pair A tolerance as described in any one of Examples 1 to 4, fixed axially by the shoulder. Ring or assembly.

[0065] Example 6: The first type of projection has a different radial height compared to the second type of projection. A tolerance ring or assembly according to Example 4 or 5, having the characteristic.

[0066] Example 7: The first type of projection has a different circumferential direction compared to the second type of projection. A tolerance ring or assembly having width, as described in any one of Examples 4 to 6. .

[0067] Example 8: The first type of projection has a different shoulder length compared to the second type of projection. A tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of Examples 4 to 7, having the following:

[0068] Example 9: The first type of projection has a circumferential ridge relative to the second type of projection. A tolerance ring according to any one of Examples 4 to 8, having different inclinations.

[0069] Example 10: The first type of projection has a different rigidity compared to the second type of projection. A tolerance ring having any one of Examples 4 to 9.

[0070] Example 11: Multiple protrusions extend radially inward and contact the inner components, A tolerance ring or assembly as described in any one of items 1 through 10.

[0071] Example 12: Multiple protrusions extend radially outward and contact the outer component, Example A tolerance ring or assembly as described in any one of items 1 through 11.

[0072] Example 13: At least one of the inner or outer components is a projection It has a groove configured to accommodate one, and the circumferential aspect between the tolerance ring projection and the groove A tolerance ring or a ring as described in any one of Examples 1 to 12 that prevents forward movement. Swertia japonica.

[0073] Example 14: The tolerance ring has an axial gap, as in Examples 1 to 13. Any one of the tolerance rings or assemblies described below.

[0074] Example 15: The side wall is made of metal, as described in any one of Examples 1 to 14. Sling or assembly.

[0075] Example 16: The metal is carbon steel or stainless steel, as described in Example 15. Sling or assembly.

[0076] Example 17: The first radial surface and the second radial surface have metal outer surfaces, Example The tolerance ring or assembly described in 15 or 16.

[0077] Example 18: The tolerance ring has an inner diameter in the range of AA to BB mm, A tolerance ring or assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 through 17.

[0078] Example 19: The tolerance ring has an outer diameter in the range of CC mm to DD mm. A tolerance ring or assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 to 18.

[0079] Example 20: The tolerance ring has a length in the range of FF to GG mm, and is implemented. A tolerance ring or assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 through 19.

[0080] Example 21: The tolerance ring has a lubricant, one of any 1 to 20 of Examples 1 to 20 The tolerance ring or assembly described in one of the following.

[0081] Not all of the above features are necessary, and it is not necessary to have a specific range of features. Please note that one or more features may be provided in addition to those specified. The order in which the signs are explained is not necessarily the order in which the features are introduced.

[0082] Certain features are described herein in the context of separate embodiments for clarity. They may be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, for brevity, a single The various features described in the context of the embodiments are provided individually or in any sub-combination. It's okay.

[0083] Regarding specific embodiments, the benefits, other advantages, and solutions to the challenges have been described above, but the benefits, advantages , to generate or clarify solutions to problems and any benefits, advantages or solutions. Any feature that can be made may be an important, necessary, or essential feature of any or all of the claims. It should not be interpreted that way.

[0084] The details and examples of the embodiments described herein are general principles of the structure of various embodiments. This document is intended to provide solutions. Details and examples use the structures or methods described herein. This serves as a comprehensive and inclusive description of all elements and features of the assembly and system used. It is not intended to stand. Separate embodiments are also combined in a single embodiment. It may be provided in a manner, or conversely, for the sake of brevity, it may be described in the context of a single embodiment. Various features may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. References to values ​​stated within a range include all values ​​within that range. Many other embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art simply by reading this. Without requiring any other implementation, structural substitution, logical substitution, or any modification may be carried out. Examples may be used and derived from this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is illustrative and not restrictive. It should be considered a target.

Claims

1. It is a tolerance ring, The tolerance ring has side walls, and the side walls are radially on the first radial surface. Multiple extending protrusions and an unformed region on the second radial surface opposite to the first radial surface. The tolerance ring has a region and the tolerance ring projection and inner component Or a first detachment torque τ defined as the detachment torque between the external component and the external component. １ Provided, Furthermore, the tolerance ring is formed in the unformed region and the inner component or the outer component The second deactivation torque τ is defined as the deactivation torque between the other element and the element. ２ It provides 1.1τ ２ ≤τ １ This is a tolerance ring.

2. It is an assembly, Internal components and External components and, A component located between the inner component and the outer component, providing a tight fit between them. Lélance Ring and It has, The tolerance ring has side walls, and the side walls are radially on the first radial surface. Multiple extending protrusions and an unformed region on the second radial surface opposite to the first radial surface. The tolerance ring has a region and the tolerance ring projection and inner component Or a first detachment torque τ defined as the detachment torque between the external component and the external component. １ Provided, Furthermore, the tolerance ring is formed in the unformed region and the inner component or the outer component The second deactivation torque τ is defined as the deactivation torque between the other element and the element. ２ It provides 1.1τ ２ ≤τ １ It is an assembly.

3. 1.2τ ２ ≤τ １ is a tolerance ring or assembly according to claim 1 or 2 。

4. The tolerance ring projection is the tolerance between the inner component and the outer component. A first type of projection adapted to provide compensation, and the inner component or the outer The tolerance ring engages with the side component, and the inner component or the outer component A second type of projection adapted to increase the circumferential disengagement torque τ between the element and A tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, having Ri.

5. Each of the aforementioned protrusions has a circumferential width, a radial height, and a radially extending circumferential ridge. The ridge portion includes a section that rises to the peak within the circumferential width and descends from the peak. It is fixed in the axial direction by a pair of shoulder parts, any of claims 1 to 3 Any tolerance ring or assembly as described in item one.

6. The first type of projection has a different radial height from the second type of projection. A tolerance ring or assembly according to claim 4 or 5, comprising:

7. The first type of projection has a different circumferential width from the second type of projection. Having the tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of claims 4 to 6 。

8. The first type of projection has a different shoulder length than the second type of projection. A tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of claims 4 to 7.

9. The first type of projection has a circumferential tail that differs from that of the second type of projection. A tolerance ring according to any one of claims 4 to 8, having a slope at the base.

10. The first type of projection has a different rigidity than the second type of projection. or the tolerance ring according to any one of claims 4 to 9.

11. The plurality of protrusions extend radially inward and contact the inner component, claim 1 A tolerance ring or assembly as described in any one of items up to 10.

12. The plurality of protrusions extend radially outward and contact the outer component, claim 1 A tolerance ring or assembly as described in any one of items up to 11.

13. At least one of the inner component or the outer component is the projection It has a groove adapted to accommodate one, thereby the tolerance ring projection and The method described in any one of claims 1 to 12, which prevents circumferential motion between the groove and the other. Tolerance ring or assembly.

14. The tolerance ring has an axial gap, as per any of claims 1 to 13. or the tolerance ring or assembly described in item 1.

15. The side wall includes metal, and is a tolerance material according to any one of claims 1 to 14. Ring or assembly.

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