Terminals, wireless communication methods, base stations and systems

Abstract

The present invention provides terminals, wireless communication methods, base stations, and systems that enable optimal overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization. [Solution] In a next-generation mobile communication system, the user terminal includes a receiving unit that receives information relating to at least one of the following: the scope of application of the encoder, the accuracy / performance of the encoder, the channel characteristics, the complexity of the encoder, and the input / output of the encoder; and a control unit that, based on the information, identifies an encoder that is applied to AI-aided CSI feedback or is an autoencoder, and compresses channel state information (CSI) using the encoder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, a base station, and a system in a next-generation mobile communication system.

Background Art

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized for the purpose of further high-speed data rates, low latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, for the purpose of further large capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8, 9), LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. ¹⁰⁻¹⁴) was standardized.

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, also referred to as 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+(plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. ¹⁵ and later, etc.) are also being considered.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Documents

[0004]

Non-Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

[0005] Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered. For example, the use of AI technology is being considered for improving channel state information reference signal (CSI) feedback in future wireless communication technologies, such as reducing overhead, improving accuracy, and making predictions. AI-based CSI feedback may also be called AI-aided CSI feedback.

[0006] One method being considered for AI-assisted CSI feedback is the use of autoencoders. Autoencoders may be used for compressing / reconstructing channel information.

[0007] It is difficult to perform proper inference without training the autoencoder while considering channel characteristics. However, specific details such as how to determine the training dataset for the autoencoder and how to notify the UE of the appropriate encoder have not yet been considered. If these are not properly defined, it may not be possible to achieve appropriate overhead reduction, high-accuracy channel estimation, and efficient resource utilization, potentially hindering improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide terminals, wireless communication methods, base stations, and systems that can achieve suitable overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives information relating to at least one of the following: the scope of application of the encoder, the accuracy / performance of the encoder, the channel characteristics, the complexity of the encoder, and the input / output of the encoder; and a control unit that, based on the information, identifies an encoder that is applied to AI-aided CSI feedback or is an autoencoder, and compresses channel state information (CSI) using the encoder. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, suitable overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization can be achieved. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows an example of CSI feedback using an encoder / decoder. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows an example of the relationship between channel characteristics and performance. [Figure 3] Figures 3A-3C show an example of channel characteristics and AI model training. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows an example of an encoder identified by type information. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows an example of an encoder identified by type information. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows an example of an encoder identified by type information. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows an example of the flow up to the transmission of MCR in the third embodiment. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows an example of an MFD (Multiple Function Disorder) occurrence. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows an example of multiple sets of information related to MFD. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the flow from the reception of MCC to the application of the model in the fifth embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0012] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Wireless Communication) Regarding future wireless communication technologies, it has been considered to utilize AI technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) for network / device control, management, etc.

[0013] For example, regarding future wireless communication technologies, it has been considered to utilize AI technologies for improving Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI) feedback (e.g., overhead reduction, accuracy improvement, prediction), improving beam management (e.g., accuracy improvement, prediction in time / space domains), improving position measurement (e.g., improvement of position estimation / prediction), etc. CSI feedback based on AI technology may be called AI-aided CSI feedback.

[0014] Channel measurement / estimation may be performed using at least one of, for example, a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Synchronization Signal (SS), a Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block, a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), etc.

[0015] Note that existing CSI may include at least one of, for example, a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), an SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), a Layer Indicator (LI), a Rank Indicator (RI), a Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP), a Reference Signal Received Quality (L1-RSRQ), a Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (L1-SINR), a Signal to Noise Ratio (L1-SNR), etc.

[0016] In AI-assisted CSI feedback, it is required to reduce this information or feedback smaller information that replaces this information.

[0017] One method being considered for AI-assisted CSI feedback is the use of autoencoders. Autoencoders may be used for compressing / reconstructing channel information.

[0018] In this disclosure, channel information may also refer to information about channels (or channel matrices). The channel matrix may include information about channel coefficients for each subband / antenna port, or it may include information obtained by performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the channel coefficients. The latter information can be made sparser than the former information by converting the channel matrix into angle / delay domains, and is therefore expected to contribute to speeding up encoder calculations.

[0019] Furthermore, the channel information may also be information about the precoding matrix. This precoding matrix may include information about precoding coefficients (elements of the precoding matrix) for each subband / antenna port / MIMO layer, or it may include information obtained by IDFT from these precoding coefficients. The latter information can be made sparser than the former information by converting the precoding matrix into angle / delay domains, and is therefore expected to contribute to speeding up encoder calculations.

[0020] Figure 1 shows an example of CSI feedback using an encoder / decoder. In this example, the encoding portion (encoder) and the corresponding decoding portion (decoder) of the autoencoder are assumed to be trained at the base station, but they may also be trained at the UE.

[0021] In this example, information about the encoder trained by the base station is notified to the UE using higher-layer signaling or the like. The UE inputs the channel information, which is the channel matrix H / precoding matrix W, to the encoder, performs the encoded value / bit (quantization may be applied further), and transmits the information containing that bit (CSI feedback) from the antenna.

[0022] In this example, the decoder trained by the base station is retained at the base station and used for inference. The base station inputs the received CSI feedback bits into the decoder and outputs the reconstructed input information.

[0023] The above encoder and decoder must be trained using the same dataset. Otherwise, the reconstructed input information will be completely different from the original input information. However, even within the coverage area of ​​a single base station, multiple channel characteristics can exist. Channel characteristics may, for example, correspond to Line of Site (LOS) / Non-Line of Site (NLOS).

[0024] Here, LOS may mean that the UE and the base station are in a line of sight to each other (or there are no obstructions), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the base station are not in a line of sight to each other (or there are obstructions).

[0025] It is difficult to perform proper inference without training the autoencoder while considering channel characteristics. However, specific details such as how to determine the training dataset for the autoencoder and how to notify the UE of the appropriate encoder have not yet been considered. If these are not properly defined, it may not be possible to achieve appropriate overhead reduction, high-accuracy channel estimation, and efficient resource utilization, potentially hindering improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0026] The inventors discovered a trade-off between encoder performance (e.g., compression ratio, error in the reconstructed information from the original information) and the applicability of the AI ​​model.

[0027] Specifically, the inventors discovered the following: • When an AI model trained specifically for a particular channel is used, optimal performance can be expected for that particular channel. When an AI model trained specifically for a set of channels with similar channel characteristics (e.g., NLOS channels) is used, suboptimal performance can be expected for that set. When an AI model trained on a set of channels with diverse channel characteristics (e.g., NLOS channels and LOS channels) is used, it can be expected to perform poorly on that set.

[0028] Figure 2 shows an example of the relationship between channel characteristics and performance. This example is a bird's-eye view (or a top-down plan view) including a base station and several buildings (obstructions). Point AE is shown in Figure 2. Considering the channel characteristics with respect to the base station, point AC corresponds to NLOS, and point DE corresponds to LOS. In other words, the channel characteristics of A / B / C may correspond to relatively poor (NLOS) channel characteristics, and the channel characteristics of D / E may correspond to relatively good (LOS) channel characteristics.

[0029] In this disclosure, the AEs referred to hereafter correspond to the point AEs shown in Figure 2.

[0030] The inventors have found that, for example, when creating an AI model using only channel information acquired (by UE) in A, the inference performance for A is very good, but the scope of application of the AI ​​model is narrow (it is not suitable for inferring channel information of other BEs).

[0031] Furthermore, the inventors found that when creating an AI model using only channel information acquired (by the UE) in an AC corresponding to NLOS, the inference performance for that AC is good, but the applicability of the AI ​​model is somewhat narrow (it is not suitable for inferring channel information of other DEs).

[0032] Furthermore, the inventors have found that when creating an AI model using channel information acquired (by UE) in an AE, the inference performance for the AE is not very good, but the applicability of the AI ​​model is wide.

[0033] It is preferable that the UE / network can flexibly adapt to the relationship between these performance and model applicability.

[0034] Therefore, the present inventors have conceived of a control method suitable for AI-assisted information transmission. Note that each embodiment of this disclosure may also be applied when AI / prediction is not used.

[0035] In one embodiment of this disclosure, a terminal (User Equipment (UE)) / base station (BS) trains an ML model in training mode and runs the ML model in inference mode (also called inference mode, etc.). In inference mode, the accuracy of the trained ML model trained in training mode may be validated.

[0036] In this disclosure, the UE / BS may input channel status information, reference signal measurements, etc., to the ML model and output high-precision channel status information / measurements / beam selection / position, future channel status information / wireless link quality, etc.

[0037] In this disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) having (implementing) at least one of the following characteristics: • Estimation based on observed or collected information • Selection based on observed or collected information. • Predictions based on observed or collected information.

[0038] In this disclosure, the object may be, for example, a device such as a terminal or base station. The object may also be a program included in the device.

[0039] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the ML model may be replaced with an object having (implementing) at least one of the following features: • By providing information (feeding), estimates are generated. By providing information, predict the estimated value. By providing information, we can discover features. • By providing information, the user can select an action.

[0040] Furthermore, in this disclosure, ML models, models, AI models, predictive analytics, predictive analytics models, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, ML models may be derived using at least one of the following: regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machines, random forests, neural networks, deep learning, etc. In this disclosure, models may be interpreted as at least one of the following: encoders, decoders, tools, etc.

[0041] An ML model outputs at least one piece of information based on the input information, such as an estimate, a prediction, a chosen action, or a classification.

[0042] ML models may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Supervised learning may be used to learn general rules for mapping inputs to outputs. Unsupervised learning may be used to learn data features. Reinforcement learning may be used to learn actions to maximize an objective (goal).

[0043] The embodiments described later will primarily be explained assuming the use of supervised learning in the ML model, but are not limited to this.

[0044] In this disclosure, terms such as implementation, operation, function, and execution may be interpreted interchangeably. Similarly, terms such as inference, after-training, production use, and actual use may be interpreted interchangeably. The term "signal" may be interpreted interchangeably with "signal / channel."

[0045] In this disclosure, the training mode may correspond to the mode in which the UE / BS transmits / receives signals for the ML model (in other words, the mode of operation during the training period). In this disclosure, the inference mode may correspond to the mode in which the UE / BS implements the ML model (e.g., implements the trained ML model to predict the output) (in other words, the mode of operation during the inference period).

[0046] In this disclosure, the training mode may mean a mode in which a particular signal transmitted in the inference mode is transmitted in a manner that has high overhead (e.g., high resource usage).

[0047] In this disclosure, the training mode may mean a mode that refers to a first configuration (e.g., a first DMRS configuration, a first CSI-RS configuration). In this disclosure, the inference mode may mean a mode that refers to a second configuration other than the first configuration (e.g., a second DMRS configuration, a second CSI-RS configuration). The first configuration may have at least one more time resource, frequency resource, code resource, or port (antenna port) for measurement than the second configuration.

[0048] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0049] In the following embodiments, the relevant entities are the UE and BS to illustrate an ML model relating to communication between UEs and BSs, but the application of each embodiment of this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, for communication between other entities (e.g., UE-UE communication), the UE and BS in the embodiments below may be replaced with a first UE and a second UE. In other words, any UE, BS, etc. in this disclosure may be replaced with any UE / BS.

[0050] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0051] In this disclosure, terms such as activate, deactivate, indicate, select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operable may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0052] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Element (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0053] In this disclosure, the upper-layer signaling may be, for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, or a combination thereof.

[0054] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0055] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0056] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0057] In this disclosure, the terms used include: panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmit entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relationship, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CORESET), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), antenna port (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port), antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relationship group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) groups, PUCCH resource groups, resources (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources), resource sets (e.g., reference signal resource sets), CORESET pools, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, quasi-co-location (QCL), QCL assumptions, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0058] In this disclosure, CSI-RS, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS, Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS, and CSI Interference Measurement (CSI-IM) may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, CSI-RS may include other reference signals.

[0059] In this disclosure, the measured / reported RS may mean the RS measured / reported for CSI reporting.

[0060] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, slot, sub-slot, symbol, subframe, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0061] In this disclosure, terms such as direction, axis, dimension, domain, polarization, and polarization component may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0062] In this disclosure, RS may be, for example, CSI-RS, SS / PBCH block (SS block (SSB)), etc. Also, RS index may be a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), SS / PBCH block resource indicator (SSBRI), etc.

[0063] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0064] In this disclosure, autoencoders, encoders, decoders, etc., may be interpreted as at least one of a model, ML model, neural network model, AI model, AI algorithm, etc. Furthermore, autoencoders may be interpreted as any autoencoder, such as a stacked autoencoder or a convolutional autoencoder. The encoders / decoders in this disclosure may employ models such as Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, and RefineNet.

[0065] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as encoder, encoding, encoding, and modification / change / control by an encoder may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, terms such as decoder, decoding, decoding, and modification / change / control by a decoder may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0066] In this disclosure, UCI, CSI report, CSI feedback, feedback information, feedback bits, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, bits, bit sequences, bit series, sequences, values, information, values ​​obtained from bits, information obtained from bits, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0067] In this disclosure, the term "layer" (referring to an encoder) may be interpreted interchangeably with the terms "input layer," "hidden layer," etc., used in an AI model. The layers in this disclosure may correspond to at least one of the following: an input layer, a hidden layer, an output layer, a batch normalization layer, a convolutional layer, a dropout layer, a fully connected layer, etc.

[0068] In this disclosure, the layer for the precoding matrix may be interpreted as a Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) layer, stream, etc.

[0069] (Wireless communication method) <First Embodiment> The first embodiment relates to information concerning channel characteristics (which may also be called channel characteristics information, additional information, improvement information, detailed information, etc.).

[0070] In the first embodiment, the UE transmits channel characteristics information to the network in addition to channel information. The channel characteristics information may be transmitted at the same time as the channel information, or at a different time.

[0071] The UE may, for example, obtain channel coefficients based on measurements of a reference signal to obtain channel information. The channel characteristic information may indicate the channel characteristics at the time the channel information was obtained.

[0072] The UE may receive information from the network regarding the reporting of channel information / channel characteristics information using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels, or a combination thereof. The UE may then report channel information / channel characteristics information based on this information.

[0073] The UE may transmit channel characteristic information to the network using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels, or a combination thereof. Channel characteristic information may also be transmitted, for example, included in a CSI report along with channel information.

[0074] Channel characteristic information may include, for example, information about LOS / NLOS, or location information. In other words, channel characteristics may correspond to the location of LOS, NLOS, UE, etc. Furthermore, channel characteristic information may include information about the timing (time) when the channel information ( / channel characteristics / channel characteristic information) was acquired / determined.

[0075] Location information may also be location information relating to a UE / base station. Location information may include at least one of the following: information obtained using a positioning system (e.g., satellite positioning system (Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.)) (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude); information about a base station adjacent to (or serving) the UE (e.g., base station / cell identifier (ID), distance between BS and UE, direction / angle of BS(UE) as seen from UE(BS), coordinates of BS(UE) as seen from UE(BS) (e.g., X / Y / Z axis coordinates), etc.); and a specific address of the UE (e.g., Internet Protocol (IP) address). The location information of the UE is not limited to information based on the position of the BS, but may also be information based on a specific point.

[0076] Location information may include information about the implementation itself (for example, the location / position of the antenna, the location / position of the antenna panel, the number of antennas, the number of antenna panels, etc.).

[0077] Location information may include mobility information. Mobility information may include information indicating the mobility type, information indicating the movement speed of the UE, the acceleration of the UE, and the direction of movement of the UE, or at least one of these.

[0078] Here, the mobility type may fall under at least one of the following categories: fixed location UE, movable / moving UE, no mobility UE, low mobility UE, middle mobility UE, high mobility UE, cell-edge UE, not-cell-edge UE, etc.

[0079] The UE may determine the channel characteristics information based on at least one of the RS measurement results and the location information acquisition results.

[0080] Channel characteristic information (e.g., LOS / NLOS) may be indicated by an index (e.g., an LOS / NLOS indicator).

[0081] The base station may train an AI model (encoder / decoder) of channel information at different granularities for channel characteristics, taking into account the channel characteristic information reported by the UE.

[0082] In addition, in this disclosure, the UE / base station may utilize one or more encoders / decoders. Such one or more encoders / decoders may, for example, be an encoder / decoder common to all channel characteristics, an encoder / decoder common to some channel characteristics, or an encoder / decoder for each channel characteristic.

[0083] Figures 3A-3C illustrate examples of channel characteristics and AI model training. Figure 3A shows an example of training an AI model using all channel information without distinguishing between channel characteristics. Figure 3B shows an example of training an AI model using channel information for several channel characteristics. Figure 3C shows an example of training an AI model using channel information for one channel characteristic.

[0084] In this disclosure, in this example and subsequent examples, five channel characteristics are assumed (corresponding to A / B / C / D / E in Figure 2). Encoder (ABC) / decoder (ABC) may mean suitable for inference of channels having channel characteristics A / B / C.

[0085] In Figure 3A, the base station uses the reported channel information, along with channel characteristic information indicating A / B / C / D / E, as a single dataset without distinguishing between them, to train an AI model for channel information for ABCDE.

[0086] In Figure 3B, the base station uses the channel information reported along with the channel characteristic information indicating A / B / C as a single dataset without distinguishing between them, to train an AI model for channel A, B, and C. Also in Figure 3B, the base station uses the channel information reported along with the channel characteristic information indicating D / E as a single dataset without distinguishing between them, to train an AI model for channel E and D. In other words, the channel information reported along with the channel characteristic information indicating A / B / C is not used to train the AI ​​model for channel E and D.

[0087] In Figure 3C, the base station uses the channel information reported together with channel characteristic information indicating X (where X is one of A, B, C, D, and E) as a single dataset without distinguishing between them, to train an AI model of channel information for X. In other words, to train an AI model of channel information for a particular channel characteristic, channel information reported together with channel characteristic information indicating a different channel characteristic is not used.

[0088] Furthermore, if one channel characteristic information and another channel characteristic information indicate the same LOS / NLOS / location information but correspond to different times, the channel characteristics of the channel characteristic information may be judged to be different from the channel characteristics corresponding to the other channel characteristic information.

[0089] According to the first embodiment described above, for example, by transmitting channel information in association with channel characteristic information, an AI model can be appropriately trained using only channel information corresponding to specific channel characteristics as a dataset.

[0090] <Second Embodiment> The second embodiment relates to information for identifying the encoder used by the UE. This information may be called encoder identification information, encoder type information, encoder type information, or simply type information. The term "type" may be interpreted as mode, set, subset, group, type, classification, etc.

[0091] The UE may determine type information based on specific rules / UE capabilities, or it may be advertised from the network using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels, or a combination thereof.

[0092] Type information may relate to one or a combination of the following: • Scope of application of a specific encoder, • Accuracy / performance of a specific encoder, Channel characteristics, • Encoder complexity, • Encoder input / output.

[0093] The above scope of application may be, for example, cells, areas, or channels, and each encoder may be called a cell-specific encoder, an area-specific encoder, or a channel-specific encoder. A cell-specific encoder may be used across any different channels. An area-specific encoder may be used across channels having the same characteristics. A channel-specific encoder may be used for a single channel characteristic.

[0094] Type information indicating that the encoder's scope is cells may be called type X. Type information indicating that the encoder's scope is areas may be called type Y. Type information indicating that the encoder's scope is channels may be called type Z.

[0095] The accuracy / performance described above may also be, for example, high performance, medium performance, low performance, etc. Performance indicators (which may also be called Performance Indicators (PIs), Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), etc.) may be set / defined along with the type or type information. These indicators may include expected normalized mean square error (NMSE) or spectrum efficiency in different application scenarios.

[0096] Type information indicating high encoder accuracy / performance may be called Type I. Type information indicating medium encoder accuracy / performance may be called Type II. Type information indicating low encoder accuracy / performance may be called Type III.

[0097] The channel characteristics described above may include, for example, LOS channels, NLOS channels, or a mix of LOS and NLOS channels. The channel characteristics may also include, for example, urban, rural, or indoor.

[0098] Type information indicating that channel characteristics are LOS or urban may be called type a. Type information indicating that channel characteristics are NLOS or rural may be called type b. Type information indicating that channel characteristics are mixed or indoor may be called type c.

[0099] Please note that the designations such as Type XZ, I-III, and ac are just examples, and the actual designations are not limited to these.

[0100] The above complexity may be expressed using at least one of the following: the number of encoder layers, the input size, the output size, the number of encoder parameters, and the number of floating-point operations (FLOPs) performed during encoding (where 's' is lowercase).

[0101] The above input / output may also be channel information, channel matrix, eigenvector, etc.

[0102] Figure 4-6 shows an example of an encoder identified by type information.

[0103] As shown in Figure 4, there may be only one encoder corresponding to type X (encoder(ABCDE)). Also, there may be at least one of two encoders corresponding to type Y (encoder(ABC), encoder(DE)). Also, there may be at least one of five encoders corresponding to type Z (encoder(A), encoder(B), encoder(C), encoder(D), encoder(E)).

[0104] As shown in Figure 5, a type I encoder may consist of at least one of three encoders (encoder(DE), encoder(D), encoder(E)). Similarly, a type II encoder may consist of at least one of four encoders (encoder(ABC), encoder(A), encoder(B), encoder(C)). Furthermore, a type III encoder may consist of just one encoder (encoder(ABCDE)).

[0105] As shown in Figure 6, the encoder may be specified based on the encoder's scope and accuracy / performance. For example, a UE configured as type Z and type II may use at least one of encoder (A), encoder (B), and encoder (C). A UE configured as type Z and type I may use at least one of encoder (D) and encoder (E).

[0106] Furthermore, a UE configured as Type Y and Type II may use encoder (ABC). A UE configured as Type Y and Type I may use encoder (DE). A UE configured as Type X / Type III may use encoder (ABCDE).

[0107] In this disclosure, the UE / base station does not need to be able to handle all AEs, and may be able to handle locations other than AEs.

[0108] According to the second embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately identify the encoder to be used.

[0109] <Third Embodiment> The third embodiment relates to a model modification.

[0110] It is preferable that the base station and UE have a common understanding of the AI ​​model they will actually use (for example, the AI ​​model used when the UE and network cooperate during model inference). Otherwise, the decoded results may differ from what is expected.

[0111] If type information (see the second embodiment) is notified to the UE and this information identifies only one encoder, there is no discrepancy in the recognition of the AI ​​model between the base station and the UE.

[0112] If type information is provided to the UE and multiple encoders are identified by that information, the UE may select one encoder from among the multiple encoders and send information about the selected encoder to the network.

[0113] The UE may also obtain the current channel characteristics information and decide which encoder to select based on this information.

[0114] The UE may transmit information about the selected encoder to the network using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels, or a combination thereof. Information about the selected encoder may also be transmitted, for example, in a CSI report.

[0115] After transmitting information about the selected encoder, if the UE selects another encoder from the above-mentioned multiple encoders, it may transmit information about that other selected encoder to the network.

[0116] The UE may send a Model Change Request (MCR) to the network if certain conditions are met. The MCR may be sent to the network using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PRACH, PUCCH, PUSCH), or a combination thereof.

[0117] The control after MCR transmission will be described later in the fourth embodiment.

[0118] [MCR triggering conditions] The conditions for sending an MCR (triggering conditions) may be set by upper-layer signaling. The MCR may also be triggered by Model Failure Monitoring (MFM). For example, the UE may have configuration information for MFM (MFM settings) set by upper-layer signaling.

[0119] MFM may also be called Model Failure Detection (MFD). MCR may also be called Model Failure Recovery Request (MFRR) or Model Feedback.

[0120] Figure 7 shows an example of the flow up to MCR transmission in the third embodiment. In this example, first the base station sets two types of information for the UE (one is type X which can identify encoder (ABCDE), and the other is type Z which can identify encoder (A)).

[0121] The UE determines that the current channel characteristics correspond to point A and selects encoder (A). The UE transmits information about the selected encoder (A) to the base station.

[0122] The base station transmits the MCR settings (described below) to the UE. Note that the timing of transmitting the MCR settings is not limited to the timing shown in the diagram (for example, it may be before the type information is set). The MFM settings may be transmitted to the UE at the same time as the MCR settings, or at different times.

[0123] The UE performs measurements based on the MFM settings and triggers an MCR when certain conditions are met. The triggered MCR may be transmitted one or more times (as described later).

[0124] The MFM settings may include information about at least one of the following: • MFD judgment criteria (criterion, criteria) • MF instance max counter • MFD timer (or period for MFD).

[0125] Furthermore, this information may be communicated to the UE using one or more RRC information elements.

[0126] The UE may determine that an MFD has occurred (MF has been detected) if the MF instance counter becomes equal to or greater than the maximum MF instance counter between the start and expiration of the MFD timer. Furthermore, the UE's MAC layer (L2 (layer-2) layer) may manage the processing of MFDs.

[0127] When an MF instance is received (notified) from a lower layer (e.g., the PHY layer, L1 (layer-1) layer), the MFD timer may be started or restarted, and the MF instance counter may be incremented (in other words, +1).

[0128] Note that the initial value of the MF instance counter may be 0. The MF instance counter may be set to its initial value when the MFD timer expires or an MCR is sent.

[0129] The UE's PHY layer may perform measurements corresponding to the MFD criteria, and if the measurement results meet the conditions corresponding to the MFD criteria, it may send an MF instance to the MAC layer.

[0130] Furthermore, at least part of the MAC layer processing and PHY layer processing described above are not limited to these layers; other layers may be used, or they may be performed together in a single layer. For example, in a single layer, when the MFD timer is started / restarted and the conditions corresponding to the MFD criteria are met, a count (counter increment) may be performed. When the counter becomes greater than or equal to the maximum MF instance counter, it may be determined that an MFD has occurred, and the MCR may be triggered. In this case, the MF instance does not need to be created / notified.

[0131] The MFD criteria may include, for example, at least one of the following: • Reference signal for measurement (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, DMRS), • Channels for measurement (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PUSCH), Metric for measurement, • Thresholds for the above conditions, • Applicable / intended models.

[0132] The above metrics may be at least one of the following: • Block Error Rate (BLER) ·Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), • LOS / NLOS (detection of LOS / NLOS, or detection of change from LOS to NLOS (or from NLOS to LOS)), • Position (detection of changes in position (movement)), • The value of the loss function corresponding to the deployed AI model. • Accuracy / performance evaluation metrics (e.g., NMSE), • CSI (e.g., L1-RSRP, L1-SINR).

[0133] The thresholds for the above conditions may be thresholds related to the above metrics (e.g., BLER threshold, MCS threshold).

[0134] The MFM configuration may include MFD resource configuration. The MFD criteria may perform measurements corresponding to the MFD criteria for one or more (e.g., all) of the MFD resources configured by the MFD resource configuration, and send an MF instance counter to the MAC layer if the measurement results satisfy the conditions corresponding to the MFD criteria.

[0135] Figure 8 shows an example of an MFD occurrence. The flow in Figure 8 corresponds to an example of the "condition determination" process in Figure 7. In this example, it is assumed that the MFD criteria are set to "BLER>threshold 1", the MF instance maximum counter to "5 times", and the MFD timer to "10 slots" as information regarding the MFD. This example shows the notifications exchanged between the L1 (PHY) layer and the L2 (MAC) layer.

[0136] The L1 layer notifies the MAC layer of an MF instance when BLER > threshold 1 occurs. If the MAC layer receives five or more MF instances, it determines that an MFD has occurred and may notify the L1 layer to send an MCR. Note that candidate model selection, as described later, may be performed before the notification of the MCR transmission instruction.

[0137] The MFM configuration may contain more than one set of information related to the MFD described above. Each set may be associated with a different type of information. The MFM configuration may also contain type information corresponding to each set.

[0138] Figure 9 shows an example of multiple sets of information related to MFD. In this example, it is assumed that set 1, corresponding to type X, set 2, corresponding to type Y, and set 3, corresponding to type Z, are configured by the MFM settings. The MFD criteria, MF instance maximum counter, and MFD timer for set i (i=1-3) are shown as MFD criteria i, MF instance maximum counter i, and MFD timer i, respectively.

[0139] It is preferable that cell-specific encoders are not triggered by the MCR. For this reason, the MFD criteria in set 1 may indicate impossible criteria (e.g., BLER>1, BLER<0, etc.). Also, the MF instance maximum counter and MFD timer in set 1 may be arbitrary values, may be set or ignored, or may not be set at all.

[0140] Area-specific encoders may be frequently triggered by MCR, while channel-specific encoders may not be triggered by MCR as frequently. For this reason, the MFD criteria in set 2 may be more prone to occurring than the MFD criteria in set 3.

[0141] Furthermore, if multiple sets of MFD information are configured, the UE may activate / deactivate these sets via MAC CE / DCI. Alternatively, if multiple sets of MFD information are configured, the UE may activate these sets based on the type information corresponding to the configured / selected encoder (sets corresponding to encoders not configured / selected may be deactivated). The UE may also detect MF based only on the active set.

[0142] [Select a candidate model] If an MFD occurs, the UE may select (decide on) a candidate model (candidate model) to replace the current model.

[0143] The UE's PHY layer may perform measurements corresponding to the criteria for candidate model selection, and if the measurement results meet the conditions corresponding to the criteria for candidate model selection, it may send a notification to the MAC layer indicating that a candidate model has been found.

[0144] The criteria for selecting candidate models may be the same as the MFD criteria described above. The UE may be configured with information about one or more candidate models through higher-layer signaling. This information may include the (candidate) model ID, information about the criteria described above, and so on.

[0145] The MCR trigger may occur if one or more candidate models are found, or if no candidate models are found.

[0146] If one or more candidate models are found, the UE may apply (use) one or more of the candidate models within a certain period after the transmission of the MCR, without waiting for a response / instruction / model setting from the base station.

[0147] [Contents of MCR] The contents of the MCR (the information contained in the MCR) may be configured by higher-layer signaling. For example, a UE may have configuration information for the MCR (MCR configuration) configured by higher-layer signaling, and this MCR configuration may include information about the contents of the MCR (information about what information to include in the MCR). The configuration of information about the contents of the MCR may be called a model change configuration (MC configuration).

[0148] Information regarding the contents of the MCR may include at least one of the following: • Candidate model ID or list of candidate model IDs • Measurement results (metric values) corresponding to the criteria for selecting candidate models. • The current status of the model (where MF was detected) (for example, at least one value of the above metrics), • Channel characteristic information (see the first embodiment), • Information regarding model updates.

[0149] The above model update information may include at least one of the following: • The updated weight values ​​in the current model / candidate model (these can be absolute or relative values). • Updated model configuration, • Values ​​of the loss function for the updated model, • No suitable model was found.

[0150] [Uplink resources for MCR] The UE may send an MCR on the nearest uplink resource after the MCR is triggered.

[0151] The UE may configure the MCR settings, which include information about uplink resources for MCR, through upper-layer signaling, or the uplink resources may be scheduled by DCI.

[0152] Information regarding uplink resources for MCR may include information on at least one of the following: • MCR period (periodicity) • Time to stop MCR transmission, • Number of times to attempt MCR transmission, • Time / frequency resources for transmitting MCR.

[0153] The UE may periodically transmit MCRs based on the MCR period from the time the MCR is triggered (or the first MCR is transmitted) until a period of time has elapsed to stop transmitting MCRs.

[0154] The time during which MCR transmission is stopped may be expressed in terms of the number of MCR transmissions (which may also be called a transmission counter) or in terms of a time period (e.g., number of slots, number of seconds). Furthermore, the time during which MCR transmission is stopped may correspond to the period for monitoring the response to the MCR transmission (which may also be called a response window, monitoring window, etc.). This response may be a Model Change Command (MCC) as described later in the fourth embodiment.

[0155] The UE may monitor the downlink channel (PDCCH, PDSCH, etc.) in a search space of X symbols / slots / milliseconds after the MCR transmission. The UE may monitor this search space Y times. This "MCR transmission" may be the initial transmission or the i-th transmission (where i is an integer).

[0156] The UE may determine X and Y based on specific rules / UE capabilities, or they may be advertised from the network using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels, or a combination thereof. X and Y may differ for each SCS (e.g., the SCS of the active BWP) and frequency band (e.g., the frequency band or frequency range to which the active BWP belongs).

[0157] Note that the MFM settings, MC settings, and MCR settings may be configured separately.

[0158] According to the third embodiment described above, the UE can properly transmit the MCR.

[0159] <Fourth Embodiment> The fourth embodiment relates to a model modification.

[0160] The UE may notify the network of model change instructions using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels, or a combination thereof.

[0161] A model change instruction may also be called a Model Change Command (MCC).

[0162] The MCC may include information indicating at least one of the following: • Approval (ACKnowledgement (ACK)) corresponding to the candidate model (recommended model) shown by MCR (see third embodiment), AI model, • Type information related to the above AI model (see the second embodiment).

[0163] The above approval may also be called confirmation.

[0164] The application of models corresponding to MCC will be described later in the fifth embodiment.

[0165] Furthermore, the UE may implicitly determine whether it has received an ACK to the MCR based on the following (based on the following having occurred): • Schedule a PUSCH transmission with the same Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) process number as the PUSCH transmission, including MCR, and receive a PDCCH in DCI format with a toggled new data indicator (NDI) field value.

[0166] Furthermore, MCC may include at least one of the MFM setting, MC setting, and MCR setting for the confirmed model / new model being set.

[0167] According to the fourth embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately grasp the MCC.

[0168] <Fifth Embodiment> The fifth embodiment relates to the timing of model application.

[0169] The UE may apply the confirmed model, as confirmed in the fourth embodiment, at least one of the following timings: • Reference time • The time obtained by adding a time offset to the reference time.

[0170] For example, the UE may start applying the confirmed model from the first symbol / slot after the above timing (e.g., the first UL symbol / slot).

[0171] The above reference time may be at least one of the following: • Reception timing of PDCCH / PDSCH including MCC, • Timing of PUCCH / PUSCH transmissions reporting HARQ-ACK information (or ACK) to MCC.

[0172] The above time offset may be expressed using one or more of the following: • Number of symbols, • Number of slots, • Number of subframes, • Seconds (e.g., milliseconds, microseconds, etc.).

[0173] The UE may determine the above time offset based on specific rules / UE capabilities, or it may be communicated from the network using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels, or a combination thereof. For example, the above time offset may be a default value (e.g., 3ms) if there is no setting for the above time offset from the network.

[0174] The above time offset may be a common value for all UEs, or it may be a value determined for each specific band.

[0175] Figure 10 shows an example of the flow from MCC reception to model application in the fifth embodiment. In this example, the process up to MCR is the same as in Figure 7, so no redundant explanation will be given.

[0176] The UE receives the MCC for approval of the candidate model indicated by the MCR. In this example, the reference time is the time the MCC is received. After a time offset from the reference time, the UE applies the MCC (the approved candidate model).

[0177] According to the fifth embodiment described above, the UE can apply the model at the appropriate time.

[0178] <Supplement> In the embodiments described above, an example was shown in which the UE has an encoder and the base station has a decoder. The embodiments described above may also be applied to an example in which the UE has a decoder and the base station has an encoder.

[0179] In the embodiments described above, the encoder / decoder may be interpreted as the AI ​​model deployed in the UE / base station. In other words, this disclosure is not limited to the use of an autoencoder, but may also apply to inference using any model. Furthermore, the object that the UE / base station compresses using the encoder in this disclosure is not limited to CSI (or channel / precoding matrix), but may be any information. In this case, the channel information in the embodiments described above may simply be interpreted as information.

[0180] At least one of the embodiments described above may apply only to a UE that has reported or supports a particular UE capability.

[0181] The specific UE capability may represent at least one of the following: • Support for processing / operation / control / information (e.g., an encoder for AI-assisted information transmission) for at least one of the above embodiments. • Support for acquiring / reporting channel characteristic information (e.g., LOS, NLOS, location information). • Supporting multiple AI models that correspond to different types (type information), • The level of computational complexity supported.

[0182] The above UE capabilities may be reported per frequency, per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), Frequency Range 2 (FR2), FR2-1, FR2-2), per cell, or per subcarrier spacing (SCS).

[0183] The above UE capabilities may be reported in common for both Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), or they may be reported independently.

[0184] Furthermore, at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied when the UE is configured with specific information related to the embodiments described above by upper-layer signaling. For example, such specific information may be information indicating that the use of an AI model is enabled for CSI feedback, or arbitrary RRC parameters for a particular release (e.g., Rel.18).

[0185] Furthermore, at least one of the embodiments described above may be used for the transmission (or compression) of information between the UE and the base station other than CSI feedback. For example, the UE may report information regarding its location (or positioning) / location estimation in the Location Management Function (LMF) to the network according to at least one of the embodiments described above (e.g., generated using an encoder). This information may be channel impulse response (CIR) information for each subband / antenna port. By reporting this, the base station can estimate the UE's location without reporting the angle / time difference of the received signal, etc.

[0186] (Note) With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is added. [Note 1] A control unit that acquires channel information based on measurements, A terminal having a transmitting unit that transmits the channel information and channel characteristic information related to the channel information. [Note 2] The channel characteristic information is the terminal described in Appendix 1, which includes information relating to at least one of Line of Site (LOS), Non-Line of Site (NLOS), and location. [Note 3] It further includes a receiving unit that receives type information indicating the type for an encoder, The control unit compresses the information to be transmitted using an encoder determined based on the type information, as described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2. [Note 4] The system further includes a receiving unit that receives type information indicating the type of the encoder's application range, The control unit compresses the information to be transmitted using an encoder determined based on the type information, as described in any of the terminals described in Appendix 1 to Appendix 3.

[0187] (Note) With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is added. [Note 1] A control unit that compresses the information to be transmitted using a configured encoder, A terminal having a transmission unit that transmits a request to change the encoder when certain conditions are met. [Note 2] The terminal described in Appendix 1, in which a model failure is detected for the encoder if the above conditions are met. [Note 3] The terminal described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, further having a receiving unit for receiving approval corresponding to the aforementioned change request. [Note 4] The system further includes a receiving unit that receives approval corresponding to the aforementioned change request, The control unit is a terminal according to any one of Appendix 1 to Appendix 3 that starts using the new encoder based on the timing of receiving the approval.

[0188] (Wireless communication system) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any or a combination thereof of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0189] Figure 11 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0190] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and so on.

[0191] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0192] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0193] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement and number of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0194] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0195] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may fall in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0196] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of the following methods at each CC: Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0197] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, if NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0198] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0199] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0200] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0201] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0202] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, shared by each user terminal 20.

[0203] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0204] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0205] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0206] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called a DL assignment or DL ​​DCI, and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called a UL grant or UL DCI. Furthermore, PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

[0207] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a particular search space based on the search space configuration.

[0208] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0209] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) which includes at least one of the following: channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment (e.g., Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0210] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted when describing various channels.

[0211] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc., may be transmitted.

[0212] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. SS, SSB, etc., may also be called reference signals.

[0213] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the Uplink Reference Signal (UL-RS) may transmit the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called the User-Specific Reference Signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0214] (base station) Figure 12 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, transceiver unit 120, transceiver antenna 130, and transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0215] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0216] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0217] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0218] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0219] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0220] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0221] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0222] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0223] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0224] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0225] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0226] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0227] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing to the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data, etc.

[0228] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0229] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30, other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0230] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0231] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also transmit information regarding the reporting of channel information to the user terminal 20. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the channel information and channel characteristic information related to the channel information from the user terminal 20.

[0232] Furthermore, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit encoder setting information to the user terminal 20. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive a request to change the encoder transmitted from the user terminal 20 when certain conditions are met.

[0233] (User terminal) Figure 13 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0234] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0235] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0236] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0237] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0238] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0239] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0240] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0241] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0242] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210, etc., to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0243] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0244] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0245] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0246] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0247] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0248] The transmission / reception unit 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0249] Note that the transmission unit and reception unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be constituted by at least one of the transmission / reception unit 220 and the transmission / reception antenna 230.

[0250] Note that the control unit 210 may acquire channel information based on the measurement. The transmission / reception unit 220 may transmit the channel information and channel characteristic information related to the channel information.

[0251] The channel characteristic information may include information related to at least one of Line Of Site (LOS), Non-Line Of Site (NLOS), and position.

[0252] The transmission / reception unit 220 may receive type information indicating the type for the encoder. The control unit 210 may compress the information to be transmitted using the encoder determined based on the type information.

[0253] The transmission / reception unit 220 may receive type information indicating the type related to the application range of the encoder. The control unit 210 may compress the information to be transmitted using the encoder determined based on the type information.

[0254] Also, the control unit 210 may compress the information to be transmitted using the set encoder. The transmission / reception unit 220 may transmit a change request for the encoder when a certain condition is satisfied.

[0255] If the above conditions are met, a model defect may be detected for the encoder.

[0256] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive approval corresponding to the change request.

[0257] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive approval corresponding to the change request. The control unit 210 may start using the new encoder based on the timing of receiving the approval.

[0258] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0259] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0260] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 14 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0261] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured to omit some of the devices.

[0262] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0263] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or to control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0264] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0265] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0266] Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0267] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital multipurpose disk, a Blu-ray disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0268] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated implementations of a transmitting unit 120a (220a) and a receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0269] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0270] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0271] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0272] (modified version) In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0273] A wireless frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting the wireless frame may be called a sub-frame. Further, a sub-frame may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. The sub-frame may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of numerology.

[0274] Here, numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. Numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of sub-carrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, wireless frame configuration, specific filtering processing performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing processing performed by a transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0275] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.) in the time domain. Also, a slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0276] A slot may include multiple mini-slots. Each mini-slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Mini-slots may also be called sub-slots. Mini-slots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0277] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0278] For example, one subframe may be called TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called TTI, or one slot or one mini-slot may be called TTI. In other words, at least one of the subframe and TTI may be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. Note that the unit representing TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0279] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0280] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. Given a TTI, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) to which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the given TTI.

[0281] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

[0282] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may also be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel.8-12), a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, or a slot. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini slot, a sub slot, or a slot.

[0283] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0284] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0285] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. Each TTI, subframe, etc., may consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0286] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0287] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0288] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also called a partial bandwidth) may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. Here, the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to the carrier's common reference point. PRBs may be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0289] A BWP may include UL BWPs (BWPs for UL) and DL BWPs (BWPs for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0290] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will send or receive a given signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0291] The structures described above, such as wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols, are merely illustrative examples. For instance, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots within a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within a TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0292] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0293] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements that use these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0294] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0295] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0296] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0297] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof).

[0298] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Element (CE).

[0299] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0300] The determination may be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0301] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0302] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0303] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0304] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "quasi-co-location (QCL)," "transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "antenna port group," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "resource group," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," and "panel" may be used interchangeably.

[0305] In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "access point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "panel", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0306] A base station can house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0307] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0308] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0309] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0310] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0311] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0312] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0313] Figure 15 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0314] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0315] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0316] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression signal of accelerator pedal 43 acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression signal of brake pedal 44 acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc., acquired by object detection sensor 58.

[0317] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, displays, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0318] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) and output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0319] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0320] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0321] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0322] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above input.

[0323] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0324] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0325] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions that the base station 10 has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel and downlink channel may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0326] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0327] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes with base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0328] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements in an exemplary order and are not limited to that specific order.

[0329] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure includes Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), and IEEE This may apply to systems utilizing 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, as well as next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. It may also apply to combinations of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0330] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0331] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0332] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to include judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiry (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0333] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0334] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be considered as "judging (deciding)" something like resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment (decision)" can be considered as "judging (deciding)" something about an action.

[0335] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be replaced with "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0336] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0337] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, or optical domain (both visible and invisible).

[0338] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0339] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0340] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0341] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The invention described herein can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. Therefore, the descriptions herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not imply any limitation on the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A receiving unit that receives information relating to at least one of the encoder's scope of application, encoder accuracy / performance, channel characteristics, encoder complexity, and encoder input / output, A terminal having a control unit that, based on the aforementioned information, identifies an encoder that is either applied to AI-aided CSI feedback or is an autoencoder, and compresses channel state information (CSI) using the encoder.

2. A step of receiving information relating to at least one of the encoder's scope of application, encoder accuracy / performance, channel characteristics, encoder complexity, and encoder input / output, Based on the aforementioned information, the steps include identifying an encoder that is applied to AI-aided CSI feedback or is an autoencoder, A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the step of compressing channel state information (CSI) using the encoder.

3. A transmitting unit that transmits information for identifying an encoder that is applied to AI-aided CSI feedback or is an autoencoder, relating to at least one of the following: the scope of application of the encoder, the accuracy / performance of the encoder, the channel characteristics, the complexity of the encoder, and the input / output of the encoder. A base station having a receiving unit that receives compressed channel state information (CSI) using an encoder identified based on the aforementioned information.

4. A system comprising the terminal described in claim 1 and a base station, The base station is a system having a transmitting unit that transmits the information.

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