Data processing method and device in optical communications

Abstract

The present application discloses a data processing method, the method including: performing a forward error correction (FEC) encoding process on at least one to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams, where M is an integer greater than 1; and performing a first data process on the M first encoded data stream to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams being arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions, the first data process including a symbol mapping process, where in one polarization direction, P consecutive symbols in the first dual polarization symbol data stream are obtained by performing the symbol mapping process on q×P bits, where the q×P bits are from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, where P is an integer greater than 1 and q is a positive integer.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202310281335.4, entitled "DATA PROCESSING METHOD AND APPARATUS IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION," filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on March 16, 2023, and Chinese Patent Application No. 202410126510.7, entitled "DATA PROCESSING METHOD AND APPARATUS IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION," filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on January 29, 2024, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of optical communication technology, and in particular to a data processing method and apparatus in optical communication. [Background technology]

[0003] Continually driven by advances in 5G, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, high-speed optical transport networks are being developed toward a higher-capacity, packet-based, and intelligent trend. Coherent optical communication systems use the amplitude, phase, polarization, and frequency of light waves to carry information. To suppress optical signal distortions caused by dispersion, polarization-dependent impairments, noise, nonlinear effects, and other factors during transmission and to maintain long-distance transmission, coherent optical communication systems typically use efficient forward error correction (FEC) codes to suppress optical impairments during optical transmission, ensuring a sufficiently low bit error rate for coherent optical communication systems over long distances.

[0004] Currently, some optical transport network communication architectures support transmission rates of 400 Gbps and 800 Gbps. At a 400 Gbps transmission rate, using dual-polarization 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM) modulation, the required baud rate is typically approximately 60 gigabaud. At an 800 Gbps transmission rate, using DP-16QAM modulation, the required baud rate increases to approximately 120 gigabaud. With the growth of services, metro telecommunications transmission and data center transmission scenarios have increasingly higher transmission rate requirements. For example, at transmission rates such as 1.2 Tbps and 1.6 Tbps, the corresponding baud rates are approximately 180 Gbaud and 240 Gbaud, using DP-16QAM modulation and single-wavelength transmission. At the same transmission rate, a higher baud rate is required when using lower-order modulation, such as DP quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). However, with the use of higher-order modulation such as DP-32QAM or DP-64QAM, only a lower baud rate is required, but the transmission distance is limited. The higher transmission rates required in optical transport networks usually correspond to higher baud rates, which in turn result in higher device power consumption. Currently, there are no low-power consumption devices available that support high baud rates above 140 Gbaud. For metro telecommunications transmission and data center transmission scenarios, low power consumption is generally required for implementation. As a result, current solutions may not be applicable to metro telecommunications transmission and data center transmission scenarios with transmission rates exceeding 800 Gbps (e.g., 1.2 Tbps and 1.6 Tbps). Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a data processing method and apparatus in optical communication to provide a data processing solution applicable to scenarios where the transmission rate is higher than 800Gbps.

[0006] According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing method in optical communication. The method includes: performing a forward error correction (FEC) encoding process on at least one to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams, where M is an integer greater than 1; and performing a first data process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams being arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions, and the first data process including a symbol mapping process, where P consecutive symbols in the first dual polarization symbol data stream are obtained in one polarization direction (more specifically, in any of the two polarization directions) by performing the symbol mapping process on q×P bits, the q×P bits being from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, where P is an integer greater than 1 and q is a positive integer, and each symbol is obtained by performing the symbol mapping process on q bits in the polarization direction (more specifically, in any of the two polarization directions).

[0007] For example, M bit data streams may be obtained, and then an FEC encoding process is performed on each of the M bit data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams.

[0008] In another example, one bit data stream may be obtained, and then an FEC encoding process is performed on the bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams.

[0009] In this embodiment of the present application, data streams are distributed so that bits obtained through the FEC encoding process are distributed relatively evenly among different data streams, for example, on optical signals with different wavelengths and in different polarization directions, or on different optical fibers and in different polarization directions. In the distribution scheme, parallel transmission of data streams is performed, and the transmission rate can be improved. In addition, the present application is applicable to metro telecommunications transmission scenarios and data center transmission scenarios that do not require devices with higher baud rates and require low power consumption. In addition, because bits obtained through the FEC encoding process are distributed relatively evenly among different data streams, decoding errors at the receiver can be distributed relatively evenly across multiple paths of the FEC decoding process, resulting in improved codec performance.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the method further includes performing digital signal processing (DSP) framing on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, and respectively carrying the W second dual polarization symbol data streams on W paths of the optical signal, and transmitting the W second dual polarization symbol data streams, wherein the W paths of the optical signal are all at different wavelengths, or respectively transmitting the W second dual polarization symbol data streams through W optical fibers.

[0011] In the above solution, in the distribution method, bits are evenly distributed on optical signals with different wavelengths and different polarization directions, or on different optical fibers and different polarization directions, so that parallel transmission of data streams can be achieved and the transmission rate can be improved.In addition, this application is applicable to metro telecommunications transmission scenarios and data center transmission scenarios that do not require devices with higher baud rates and require low power consumption.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the method further includes performing digital signal processing DSP framing on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, and respectively carrying the W second dual polarization symbol data streams on W subcarriers, performing digital subcarrier multiplexing to obtain one signal stream, and transmitting the signal stream.

[0013] In the above solution, the baud rate corresponding to each subcarrier is 1 / W of the baud rate of the transmitted signal. Compared with the above schemes in which W paths of the optical signal or W optical fibers are used, it should be noted that digital subcarrier implementations require devices with higher baud rates and may have higher device power consumption. However, digital subcarrier implementations can reduce the complexity of dispersion compensation and the Equalization Enhanced Phase Noise (EEPN) penalty. That is, their DSP power consumption may be smaller.

[0014] It should be noted that in the above scheme of the present application, whether the baud rate is reduced or the complexity of dispersion compensation is reduced and the EEPN penalty is reduced, the data transmission rate can be improved and long-distance data transmission can be adapted.

[0015] In one possible implementation, P=M, the q×P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits among the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0016] In the above scheme, the bits obtained through the FEC encoding process are more evenly distributed among the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0017] In one possible implementation, P=M, and in either polarization direction, the q bits that are mapped to one symbol through the symbol mapping process are from the same first encoded data stream.

[0018] In one possible implementation, P=M / 2, q×P bits are from M first encoded data streams, and every q / 2 bits of the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0019] In one possible implementation, P=M / 2, and in either polarization direction, the q bits that are mapped to one symbol through the symbol mapping process are from the two first encoded data streams.

[0020] In one possible implementation, M consecutive dual-polarized symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely contain 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, the 2×M symbols being obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q×M bits, the 2×q×M bits being from the M first encoded data streams, and the two symbols entirely contained in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions being obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0021] In one possible implementation, performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams includes merging the M first encoded data streams into a second encoded data stream, performing a distribution processing on the second encoded data stream to obtain W third encoded data streams, performing a symbol mapping processing on each of the W third encoded data streams to obtain W first symbol data streams, and performing polarization distribution on each of the W first symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0022] The above solution provides a distribution solution, where the distribution is performed before the symbol mapping. By performing the symbol mapping and the polarization distribution in parallel, the processing rate can be improved.

[0023] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits from the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer, and every L1 consecutive bits in the second encoded data stream are distributed to one third encoded data stream, where L1 is a positive integer and L1 is an integer multiple of S0×M / W.

[0024] In one possible implementation, L1=S0×M, and every L1 consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream includes M sets of bits from the M first encoded data streams.

[0025] In one possible implementation, S0 may be an integer multiple of q, for example, S0=2×q.

[0026] In one possible implementation, performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams includes merging the M first encoded data streams into a second encoded data stream, performing a symbol mapping process on the second encoded data stream to obtain the second symbol data stream, distributing the second symbol data stream to obtain W third symbol data streams, and performing polarization distribution on each of the W third symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0027] The above solution provides a distributed solution, where the distribution is performed after the symbol mapping.

[0028] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second coded data stream are from M first coded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits from the same first coded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer, and every 2×L2 consecutive symbols in the third symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on L2×2×q bits, where L2×2×q bits are from M first coded data streams, where L2 is a positive integer and L2 is an integer multiple of S0×M / (W×q).

[0029] In one possible implementation, L2=S0×M / q, and the L2×2×q bits include M sets of bits from the M first encoded data streams.

[0030] In one possible implementation, S0 may be an integer multiple of q, for example, S0=2×q.

[0031] In one possible implementation, performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W first dual polarization symbol data streams includes merging the M first encoded data streams into a second encoded data stream, performing a symbol mapping process on the second encoded data stream to obtain a second symbol data stream, separately performing polarization distribution on the second symbol data stream to obtain a third dual polarization symbol data stream, and performing a distribution process on the third dual polarization symbol data stream to obtain the W first dual polarization symbol data streams.

[0032] The above solution provides a distribution solution, where the distribution process is performed after the polarization process.

[0033] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive sets of bits in the second encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, and each of the M sets of bits includes S0 consecutive bits from the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer and P is an integer multiple of S0×M / (W×2×q).

[0034] In one possible implementation, S0 may be an integer multiple of q, for example, S0=2×q.

[0035] In one possible implementation, performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams includes distributing the M first encoded data streams into W fourth encoded data streams, performing a symbol mapping process on each of the W fourth encoded data streams to obtain W fourth symbol data streams, and performing polarization distribution on each of the W fourth symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0036] The above solution provides a distributed solution: after encoding, the M first encoded data streams are directly distributed, so that the operation steps can be reduced and the processing efficiency can be improved.

[0037] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, and the number of bits belonging to each of the M first encoded data streams among every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0038] In one possible implementation, S1=2×q×W, and every 2×q×M consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream includes M bit sets, the M bit sets being from different first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets including 2×q consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0039] In one possible implementation, performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams includes performing a symbol mapping process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain a fifth symbol data stream, performing a distribution process on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain W sixth symbol data streams, and performing polarization distribution on the W sixth symbol data stream to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0040] In the above solution, the functions of symbol mapping and merging are integrated, so that the operation steps can be reduced and processing efficiency can be improved.

[0041] In one possible implementation, every 2×P consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on 2×P×q bits, where the 2×P×q bits are from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and every 2×P×Z / W consecutive symbols among 2×P×Z consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are distributed to one sixth symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

[0042] In one possible implementation, performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W first dual polarization symbol data streams includes performing a symbol mapping process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain a fifth symbol data stream, performing polarization distribution on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain a fourth dual polarization symbol data stream, and performing distribution processing on the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream to obtain the W first dual polarization symbol data streams.

[0043] In the above solution, the functions of symbol mapping and merging are integrated, so that the operation steps can be reduced and processing efficiency can be improved.

[0044] In one possible implementation, every P consecutive dual-polarization symbols in the fourth dual-polarization symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on 2×P×q bits, where the 2×P×q bits are from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and every P×Z / W consecutive symbols among the P×Z consecutive dual-polarization symbols in the fourth dual-polarization symbol data stream are distributed to one first dual-polarization symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

[0045] In one possible implementation, M=b×W, and performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams comprises: The method includes performing "bit group merging" (merging process) on every b first encoded data streams among the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain W sixth encoded data streams, then performing a swapping process on the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain W seventh encoded data streams, further performing a symbol mapping process on each of the W seventh encoded data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams, and performing polarization splitting on each of the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0046] Each of the W sixth encoded data streams includes only bits of the b first encoded data streams. Then, a swapping process is performed on the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain W seventh encoded data streams. Through the swapping process, each of the W sixth encoded data streams may include bits of the b×W first encoded data streams. This may be understood as the bits of the b×W first encoded data streams being evenly allocated to the W seventh encoded data streams through the swapping.

[0047] In one possible implementation, M=b×W, and performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams comprises: performing "bit group merging" on every b first encoded data streams among the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain W sixth encoded data streams, then performing a symbol mapping process on each of the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain W seventh symbol data streams, then performing a swap process on the W eighth symbol data streams to obtain W eighth symbol data streams, and further performing polarization splitting on each of the W eighth symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0048] Each of the W seventh symbol data streams includes only bits of the b first encoded data streams. A swapping process is then performed on the W seventh symbol data streams to obtain W eighth symbol data streams. Through the swapping process, each of the W eighth symbol data streams may include bits of the b×W first encoded data streams. This may be understood as the bits of the b×W first encoded data streams being evenly allocated to the W eighth symbol data streams through the swapping.

[0049] In one possible implementation, M=b×W, and performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams comprises: performing "bit group merging" on every b first encoded data streams among the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain one sixth encoded data stream, thereby obtaining W sixth encoded data streams; then performing a symbol mapping process on each of the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain W seventh symbol data streams; further performing polarization distribution on each of the W seventh symbol data streams to obtain W fifth dual polarization symbol data streams; and then performing a swap process on the W fifth dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams.

[0050] In one possible implementation, M=b×W, and performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams comprises: performing a symbol mapping operation on every b first encoded data streams among the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain W ninth symbol data streams, where it can be understood that the b×W first encoded data streams are distributed into W groups, each group having b first encoded data streams; then performing a swap operation on the W ninth symbol data streams to obtain W tenth symbol data streams; and further performing polarization distribution on the W tenth symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0051] There are W units for performing the symbol mapping process. That is, it can be understood that W symbol mapping units are included. Each symbol mapping unit performs the symbol mapping process on one group of the first encoded data stream. Each of the W ninth symbol data streams includes only bits of the b first encoded data streams. Through a swapping process, each of the W tenth symbol data streams may include bits of the b×W first encoded data streams. This can be understood as the bits of the b×W first encoded data streams being evenly allocated to the W tenth symbol data streams through the swapping.

[0052] In one possible implementation, M=b×W, and performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams comprises: performing a symbol mapping process on every b first encoded data streams among the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain W ninth symbol data streams, where it can be understood that the b×W first encoded data streams are distributed into W groups, each group having b first encoded data streams, and there are W units for performing the symbol mapping process, i.e., it can be understood that W symbol mapping units are included, and each symbol mapping unit performs the symbol mapping process on one group of the first encoded data streams; then performing polarization distribution on each of the W ninth symbol data streams to obtain W sixth dual polarization symbol data streams; and performing a swap process on the W sixth dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams.

[0053] In one possible implementation, performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams includes: performing a symbol mapping process on each of the M first encoded data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams; performing a splitting process on the M eleventh symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; and performing polarization splitting on the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0054] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the sixth symbol data stream are from M eleventh symbol data streams, and the number of symbols belonging to each of the M eleventh symbol data streams among every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the sixth symbol data stream is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0055] In one possible implementation, performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams includes: performing a symbol mapping process on each of the M first encoded data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams; performing polarization splitting on each of the eleventh symbol data streams to obtain M seventh dual-polarized symbol data streams; and performing a splitting process on the M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams.

[0056] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the first dual polarization symbol data stream are from M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams, and the number of symbols belonging to each of the M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams among every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the first dual polarization symbol data stream is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0057] In one possible implementation, M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

[0058] In one possible implementation, performing an FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams includes: performing FEC encoding in parallel on every 2×M bit sequences in the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain 2×M fifth encoded data streams, where each of the 2×M bit sequences includes a plurality of bits; and performing an interleaving process on every two fifth encoded data streams among the 2×M fifth encoded data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams.

[0059] According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing method in optical communication, the method including: obtaining W first dual-polarized symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1 and each of the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams is arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions; performing second data processing on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams; and performing FEC decoding processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain a received bit data stream, where M is an integer greater than 1 and the second data processing includes a symbol demapping processing, where q×P bits obtained by performing the symbol demapping processing on P consecutive symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream are distributed to at least two of the M first encoded data streams in any polarization directions, where P is an integer greater than 1 and q is a positive integer, and the q bits are obtained by performing the symbol mapping processing on each symbol in any polarization direction.

[0060] In one possible implementation, obtaining the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams includes: receiving W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device via W optical signals having different wavelengths or through W optical fibers to obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device, or demultiplexing the received signal of one path to obtain W subcarriers; and performing receiver data signal processing DSP on each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0061] In one possible implementation, P=M, and q×P bits are distributed among the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits among the q×P bits are distributed among one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0062] In one possible implementation, the q bits obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on each symbol in either polarization direction are distributed into the same first encoded data stream.

[0063] In one possible implementation, M consecutive dual-polarized symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely contain 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, 2×q×M bits are obtained by performing symbol demapping on the 2×M symbols, and the 2×q×M bits are distributed to M first encoded data streams, and 2×q bits obtained by performing symbol demapping on the two symbols entirely contained in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions are distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

[0064] In one possible implementation, performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams includes performing polarization combining on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first symbol data streams, performing symbol demapping on each of the W first symbol data streams to obtain W third encoded data streams, performing a merging process on the W third encoded data streams to obtain a second encoded data stream, and distributing the second encoded data stream to the M first encoded data streams.

[0065] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second encoded data stream are distributed to M first encoded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer, and every L1 consecutive bits in the second encoded data stream are from the same third encoded data stream, where L1 is a positive integer and L1 is an integer multiple of S0×M / W.

[0066] In one possible implementation, L1=S0×M, and every L1 consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream contain M bit sets, and the M bit sets are distributed among the M first encoded data streams.

[0067] In one possible implementation, performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams includes performing polarization combining on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W third symbol data streams, merging the W third symbol data streams to obtain a second symbol data stream, performing a symbol demapping process on the second symbol data streams to obtain a second encoded data stream, and distributing the second encoded data stream into the M first encoded data streams.

[0068] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second coded data stream are distributed to M first coded data streams, and S0 consecutive bits included in each of the M bit sets are distributed to the same first coded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer; L2×2×q bits are obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on every 2×L2 consecutive symbols in the third symbol data stream, and the L2×2×q bits are distributed to the M first coded data streams, where L2 is a positive integer and L2 is an integer multiple of S0×M / (W×q).

[0069] In one possible implementation, L2=S0×M / q, and the L2×2×q bits comprise the M sets of bits that go into the M first encoded data streams.

[0070] In one possible implementation, performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams includes performing a merging operation on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain a third dual polarization symbol data stream, performing polarization combining on the third dual polarization symbol data stream to obtain a second symbol data stream, performing a symbol demapping operation on the second symbol data stream to obtain a second encoded data stream, and distributing the second encoded data stream into the M first encoded data streams.

[0071] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second encoded data stream are distributed to M first encoded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits that fall in the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer and P is an integer multiple of S0×M / (W×2×q).

[0072] In one possible implementation, S0=2×q.

[0073] In one possible implementation, performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams includes performing polarization combining on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W fourth symbol data streams, performing symbol demapping processing on the W fourth symbol data streams to obtain W fourth encoded data streams, and distributing the W fourth encoded data streams into the M first encoded data streams.

[0074] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream are distributed to M first encoded data streams, and the number of bits among every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream that go into each of the M first encoded data streams is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0075] In one possible implementation, S1=2×q×W, and every 2×q×M consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream include M bit sets, and the M bit sets are distributed to different first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets includes 2×q consecutive bits distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

[0076] In one possible implementation, performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams includes performing polarization combining on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams, merging the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain a fifth symbol data stream, and performing a symbol demapping process on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams.

[0077] In one possible implementation, 2×P×q bits are obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on every 2×P consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream, and the 2×P×q bits are distributed to at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and every 2×P×Z / W consecutive symbols among 2×P×Z consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are from the same sixth symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

[0078] In one possible implementation, performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams includes performing a merging operation on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain a fourth dual polarization symbol data stream, performing polarization combining on the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream to obtain a fifth symbol data stream, and performing a symbol demapping operation on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams.

[0079] In one possible implementation, 2×P×q bits are obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on every P consecutive dual polarization symbols in the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream, and the 2×P×q bits are distributed to at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and every P×Z / W consecutive symbols among the P×Z consecutive dual polarization symbols in the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream are from the same first dual polarization symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

[0080] In one possible implementation, M=b×W, and performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams comprises: performing polarization distribution on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; then performing a symbol demapping process on the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain W seventh encoded data streams; further performing an inverse exchange process on the W seventh encoded data streams to obtain W sixth encoded data streams; and then performing bit distribution on the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams, wherein each sixth encoded data stream is distributed to b first encoded data streams.

[0081] In one possible implementation, M=b×W, and performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams comprises: performing polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W eighth symbol data streams; performing an inverse exchange operation on the W eighth symbol data streams to obtain W seventh symbol data streams; then performing a symbol demapping operation on each of the W seventh symbol data streams to obtain W sixth encoded data streams; and further performing bit distribution on the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams.

[0082] In one possible implementation, M=b×W, and performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams comprises: performing a reverse exchange operation on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W fifth dual polarization symbol data streams, then performing polarization combining on the W fifth dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W seventh symbol data streams, further performing a symbol demapping operation on the W seventh symbol data streams to obtain W sixth encoded data streams, and then performing bit distribution on the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams.

[0083] In one possible implementation, M=b×W, and performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams comprises: performing polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W tenth symbol data streams; then performing an inverse exchange operation on the W tenth symbol data streams to obtain W ninth symbol data streams; and performing a symbol demapping operation on the W ninth symbol data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams.

[0084] In one possible implementation, M=b×W, and performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams comprises: performing an inverse exchange operation on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W sixth dual polarization symbol data streams, then performing polarization combining on each of the W sixth dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W ninth symbol data streams, and then performing a symbol demapping operation on the W ninth symbol data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams.

[0085] In one possible implementation, performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams includes: performing polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; Distributing the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain M first symbol data streams; performing a symbol demapping process on each of the M first symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams.

[0086] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the sixth symbol data stream are distributed to M eleventh symbol data streams, and the number of symbols in every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the sixth symbol data stream that fall into each of the M eleventh symbol data streams is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0087] In one possible implementation, performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams includes: performing polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; Distributing the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams; and performing a symbol demapping process on each of the M eleventh symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams.

[0088] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the sixth symbol data stream are distributed to M eleventh symbol data streams, and the number of symbols in every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the sixth symbol data stream that fall into each of the M eleventh symbol data streams is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0089] In one possible implementation, M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

[0090] In one possible implementation, performing an FEC decoding process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain a bit data stream to be received includes performing a deinterleaving process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain 2×M fifth encoded data streams, and performing an FEC decoding process in parallel on the 2×M fifth encoded data streams to obtain a bit data stream to be transmitted, where every 2×M consecutive bit sequences in the bit data stream are from the 2×M fifth encoded data streams, and where multiple bits included in each of the 2×M bit sequences are from the same fifth encoded data stream.

[0091] According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing device in optical communication, wherein the device may be used in a transmitter device, for example, may be a transmitter device, or may be a module of a transmitter device, for example, a chip or a chip system.

[0092] the FEC encoding processing unit is configured to obtain a to-be-transmitted bit data stream and perform a forward error correction FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams, where M is an integer greater than 1; the first data processing unit is configured to perform first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams, wherein: W is an integer greater than 1, and each of the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams is arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions, and the first data processing includes a symbol mapping process, where, in either polarization direction, P consecutive symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream are obtained by performing the symbol mapping process on q×P bits, the q×P bits being from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, where P is an integer greater than 1 and q is a positive integer, and each symbol is obtained by performing the symbol mapping process on q bits in either polarization direction.

[0093] In one possible implementation, the apparatus further includes a DSP framing processing unit (also referred to as a DSP framing unit) configured to perform digital signal processing (DSP framing) on ​​each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, and a transmitting unit configured to carry the W second dual polarization symbol data streams on W paths of the optical signal and transmit the W second dual polarization symbol data streams, respectively, wherein the W paths of the optical signal all have different wavelengths, or to transmit the W second dual polarization symbol data streams through W optical fibers, respectively.

[0094] In one possible implementation, P=M, the q×P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits among the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0095] In one possible implementation, in either polarization direction, the q bits that are mapped to one symbol through the symbol mapping process are from the same first encoded data stream.

[0096] In one possible implementation, M consecutive dual-polarized symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely contain 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, the 2×M symbols being obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q×M bits, the 2×q×M bits being from the M first encoded data streams, and the two symbols entirely contained in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions being obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0097] In one possible implementation, the first data processing unit comprises: a merging unit (also referred to as a bit group merging unit, bit merging unit, etc.) configured to merge the M first encoded data streams into a second encoded data stream; a distribution processing unit (also referred to as a wavelength distribution unit) configured to perform distribution processing on the second encoded data stream to obtain W third encoded data streams; a symbol mapping processing unit (or symbol mapping unit) configured to perform a symbol mapping process on each of the W third encoded data streams to obtain W first symbol data streams; and a polarization distribution unit configured to perform polarization distribution on each of the W first symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0098] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits from the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer, and every L1 consecutive bits in the second encoded data stream are distributed to one third encoded data stream, where L1 is a positive integer and L1 is an integer multiple of S0×M / W.

[0099] In one possible implementation, L1=S0×M, and every L1 consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream includes M sets of bits from the M first encoded data streams.

[0100] In one possible implementation, the first data processing unit comprises: a merging unit configured to merge the M first encoded data streams into a second encoded data stream; a symbol mapping unit configured to perform a symbol mapping operation on the second encoded data stream to obtain a second symbol data stream; a distribution processing unit configured to distribute the second symbol data stream to obtain W third symbol data streams; and a polarization distribution unit configured to perform polarization distribution on each of the W third symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0101] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second coded data stream are from M first coded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits from the same first coded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer, and every 2×L2 consecutive symbols in the third symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on L2×2×q bits, where L2×2×q bits are from M first coded data streams, where L2 is a positive integer and L2 is an integer multiple of S0×M / (W×q).

[0102] In one possible implementation, L2=S0×M / q, and the L2×2×q bits include M sets of bits from the M first encoded data streams.

[0103] In one possible implementation, the first data processing unit comprises: a merging unit configured to merge the M first encoded data streams into a second encoded data stream; a symbol mapping unit configured to perform a symbol mapping operation on the second encoded data stream to obtain a second symbol data stream; a polarization splitting unit configured to separately perform polarization splitting on the second symbol data stream to obtain a third dual-polarized symbol data stream; and a distribution processing unit configured to perform distribution processing on the third dual polarization symbol data stream to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams.

[0104] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive sets of bits in the second encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, and each of the M sets of bits includes S0 consecutive bits from the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer and P is an integer multiple of S0×M / (W×2×q).

[0105] In one possible implementation, S0=2×q.

[0106] In one possible implementation, the first data processing unit comprises: a distribution processing unit configured to distribute the M first encoded data streams into W fourth encoded data streams; a symbol mapping unit configured to perform a symbol mapping operation on each of the W fourth encoded data streams to obtain W fourth symbol data streams; and a polarization distribution unit configured to perform polarization distribution on each of the W fourth symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0107] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, and the number of bits belonging to each of the M first encoded data streams among every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0108] In one possible implementation, S1=2×q×W, and every 2×q×M consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream includes M bit sets, the M bit sets being from different first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets including 2×q consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0109] In one possible implementation, the first data processing unit comprises: a symbol mapping unit configured to perform a symbol mapping operation on the M first encoded data streams to obtain a fifth symbol data stream; a distribution processing unit configured to perform distribution processing on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; and a polarization distribution unit configured to perform polarization distribution on the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0110] In one possible implementation, every 2×P consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on 2×P×q bits, where the 2×P×q bits are from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and every 2×P×Z / W consecutive symbols among 2×P×Z consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are distributed to one sixth symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

[0111] In one possible implementation, the first data processing unit comprises: a symbol mapping unit configured to perform a symbol mapping operation on the M first encoded data streams to obtain a fifth symbol data stream; a polarization splitting unit configured to separately perform polarization splitting on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain a fourth dual-polarized symbol data stream; and a distribution processing unit configured to perform distribution processing on the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams.

[0112] In one possible implementation, every P consecutive dual-polarization symbols in the fourth dual-polarization symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on 2×P×q bits, where the 2×P×q bits are from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and every P×Z / W consecutive symbols among the P×Z consecutive dual-polarization symbols in the fourth dual-polarization symbol data stream are distributed to one first dual-polarization symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

[0113] In one possible implementation, the first data processing unit comprises: a symbol mapping unit configured to perform a symbol mapping process on each of the M first encoded data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams; a distribution processing unit configured to perform distribution processing on the M eleventh symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; and a polarization distribution unit configured to perform polarization distribution on the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0114] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the sixth symbol data stream are from M eleventh symbol data streams, and the number of symbols belonging to each of the M eleventh symbol data streams among every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the sixth symbol data stream is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0115] In one possible implementation, the first data processing unit comprises: a symbol mapping unit configured to perform a symbol mapping process on each of the M first encoded data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams; a polarization distribution unit configured to perform polarization distribution on each of the eleventh symbol data streams to obtain M seventh dual-polarized symbol data streams; and a distribution processing unit configured to perform distribution processing on the M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual polarization symbol data streams.

[0116] In one possible implementation, M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

[0117] In one possible implementation, the FEC encoding processing unit includes 2M (ie, 2×M) FEC encoding units (also called FEC encoders) and M interleaving units (also called interleavers).

[0118] The 2M FEC encoding units perform FEC encoding in parallel on the bit data stream to be transmitted to obtain 2M fifth encoded data streams, where bit sequences in the bit data stream to be transmitted enter the 2M FEC encoding units in a round-robin manner, and each FEC encoding unit is configured to perform FEC encoding on a respective bit sequence in the bit data stream to be transmitted, and each bit sequence includes a plurality of bits.

[0119] Each of the M interleaving units is configured to perform an interleaving operation on the two fifth encoded data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams.

[0120] According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing method in optical communication, the method comprising: obtaining W first dual polarization symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams being arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions; and performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams, where: a second data processing unit configured to: distribute q×P bits obtained by performing the symbol demapping process on P consecutive symbols in the first dual-polarization symbol data stream to at least two of the M first encoded data streams in either polarization direction; wherein M is an integer greater than 1, q is a positive integer, and q bits are obtained by performing the symbol mapping process on each symbol in either polarization direction; an FEC decoding processing unit configured to perform FEC decoding processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain an expected-to-receive bit data stream.

[0121] In one possible implementation, the apparatus includes a receiving unit configured to receive W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device via W optical signals at different wavelengths or over W optical fibers; and a receiver DSP deframing unit configured to perform receiver data signal processing DSP on each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0122] In one possible implementation, P=M, and q×P bits are distributed among the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits among the q×P bits are distributed among one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0123] In one possible implementation, the q bits obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on each symbol in either polarization direction are distributed into the same first encoded data stream.

[0124] In one possible implementation, M consecutive dual-polarized symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely contain 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, 2×q×M bits are obtained by performing symbol demapping on the 2×M symbols, and the 2×q×M bits are distributed to M first encoded data streams, and 2×q bits obtained by performing symbol demapping on the two symbols entirely contained in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions are distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

[0125] In one possible implementation, the second data processing unit comprises: a polarization combining unit configured to perform polarization combining on each of the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W first symbol data streams; a symbol demapping unit configured to perform symbol demapping on each of the W first symbol data streams to obtain W third encoded data streams; a merging processing unit configured to perform a merging process on the W third encoded data streams to obtain a second encoded data stream; and a bit distribution unit configured to distribute the second encoded data stream to the M first encoded data streams.

[0126] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second encoded data stream are distributed to M first encoded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer, and every L1 consecutive bits in the second encoded data stream are from the same third encoded data stream, where L1 is a positive integer and L1 is an integer multiple of S0×M / W.

[0127] In one possible implementation, L1=S0×M, and every L1 consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream contain M bit sets, and the M bit sets are distributed among the M first encoded data streams.

[0128] In one possible implementation, the second data processing unit comprises: a polarization combining unit configured to perform polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W third symbol data streams; a merging processing unit configured to merge the W third symbol data streams to obtain a second symbol data stream; a symbol demapping unit configured to perform a symbol demapping operation on the second symbol data stream to obtain a second encoded data stream; and a bit distribution unit configured to distribute the second encoded data stream to the M first encoded data streams.

[0129] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second coded data stream are distributed to M first coded data streams, and S0 consecutive bits included in each of the M bit sets are distributed to the same first coded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer; L2×2×q bits are obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on every 2×L2 consecutive symbols in the third symbol data stream, and the L2×2×q bits are distributed to the M first coded data streams, where L2 is a positive integer and L2 is an integer multiple of S0×M / (W×q).

[0130] In one possible implementation, L2=S0×M / q, and the L2×2×q bits comprise the M sets of bits that go into the M first encoded data streams.

[0131] In one possible implementation, the second data processing unit comprises: a merging processing unit configured to perform a merging process on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain a third dual-polarized symbol data stream; a polarization combining unit configured to perform polarization combining on the third dual-polarized symbol data stream to obtain a second symbol data stream; a symbol demapping unit configured to perform a symbol demapping operation on the second symbol data stream to obtain a second encoded data stream; and a bit distribution unit configured to distribute the second encoded data stream to the M first encoded data streams.

[0132] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second encoded data stream are distributed to M first encoded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits that fall in the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer and P is an integer multiple of S0×M / (W×2×q).

[0133] In one possible implementation, S0=2×q.

[0134] In one possible implementation, the second data processing unit comprises: a polarization combining unit configured to perform polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W fourth symbol data streams; a symbol demapping unit configured to perform a symbol demapping process on the W fourth symbol data streams to obtain W fourth coded data streams; and a bit distribution unit configured to distribute the W fourth encoded data streams to the M first encoded data streams.

[0135] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream are distributed to M first encoded data streams, and the number of bits among every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream that go into each of the M first encoded data streams is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0136] In one possible implementation, S1=2×q×W, and every 2×q×M consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream include M bit sets, and the M bit sets are distributed to different first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets includes 2×q consecutive bits distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

[0137] In one possible implementation, the second data processing unit comprises: a polarization combining unit configured to perform polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; a merging processing unit configured to merge the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain a fifth symbol data stream; and a symbol demapping unit configured to perform a symbol demapping process on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams.

[0138] In one possible implementation, 2×P×q bits are obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on every 2×P consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream, and the 2×P×q bits are distributed to at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and every 2×P×Z / W consecutive symbols among 2×P×Z consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are from the same sixth symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

[0139] In one possible implementation, the second data processing unit comprises: a merging processing unit configured to perform a merging process on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain a fourth dual-polarized symbol data stream; a polarization combining unit configured to perform polarization combining on the fourth dual-polarized symbol data stream to obtain a fifth symbol data stream; and a symbol demapping unit configured to perform a symbol demapping process on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams.

[0140] In one possible implementation, 2×P×q bits are obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on every P consecutive dual polarization symbols in the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream, and the 2×P×q bits are distributed to at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and every P×Z / W consecutive symbols among the P×Z consecutive dual polarization symbols in the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream are from the same first dual polarization symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

[0141] In one possible implementation, the second data processing unit comprises: a polarization combining unit configured to perform polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; a merging processing unit configured to distribute the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain M first symbol data streams; and a symbol demapping unit configured to perform a symbol demapping process on each of the M first symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams.

[0142] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the sixth symbol data stream are distributed to M eleventh symbol data streams, and the number of symbols in every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the sixth symbol data stream that fall into each of the M eleventh symbol data streams is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0143] In one possible implementation, the second data processing unit comprises: a merging processing unit configured to perform a merging process on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams; a polarization combining unit configured to perform polarization combining on each of the M seventh dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams; and a symbol demapping unit configured to perform a symbol demapping process on each of the M eleventh symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams.

[0144] In one possible implementation, M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

[0145] In one possible implementation, the FEC decoding processing unit comprises: M deinterleaving units configured to perform a deinterleaving operation on the M first encoded data streams to obtain 2×M fifth encoded data streams; and 2M FEC decoding units configured to perform FEC decoding in parallel on the 2×M fifth encoded data streams to obtain a to-be-transmitted bit data stream, wherein: Every 2×M consecutive bit sequences in the bit data stream are from 2×M fifth encoded data streams, and multiple bits contained in each of the 2×M bit sequences are from the same fifth encoded data stream.

[0146] According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing method in optical communication, the method includes: obtaining a bit data stream to be transmitted; and performing a forward error correction (FEC) encoding process on the bit data stream to be transmitted to obtain M first encoded data streams, where M is an integer greater than 1; and performing a third data process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams being arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions, the third data process including a digital signal processing (DSP) framing process and a symbol mapping process; In any of the polarization directions of the M first dual-polarized symbol data streams, P consecutive symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual-polarized symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q×P bits, where the first symbol sequence includes one or more of pilot symbols, frame alignment words, training symbols, or reserved symbols, and the q×P bits are from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, where P is an integer greater than 1 and q is a positive integer, and each symbol is obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q bits in any of the polarization directions.

[0147] In this embodiment of the present application, the data streams are distributed so that the bits obtained through the FEC encoding process are distributed relatively evenly among different data streams, for example, on optical signals with different wavelengths and in different polarization directions, or on different optical fibers and in different polarization directions. In the distribution scheme, parallel transmission of the data streams is performed, and the transmission rate can be improved. In addition, because the bits obtained through the FEC encoding process are distributed relatively evenly among different data streams, the decoding errors of the receiver can be distributed relatively evenly over multiple paths of the FEC decoding process, which can result in improved codec performance.

[0148] The first symbol sequence is obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on the fixed bit sequence added in the DSP framing process.

[0149] In one possible implementation, the method comprises: Further including carrying the W number of second dual-polarized symbol data streams on W number of paths of the optical signal, and transmitting the W number of second dual-polarized symbol data streams, respectively, where the W number of paths of the optical signal are all at different wavelengths, transmitting the W number of second dual-polarized symbol data streams through W number of optical fibers, respectively, or carrying the W number of second dual-polarized symbol data streams on W number of subcarriers, respectively, performing digital subcarrier multiplexing to obtain one signal stream, and transmitting the signal stream.

[0150] In one possible implementation, P=M, the q×P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits among the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0151] In one possible implementation, in either polarization direction, the q bits that are mapped to one symbol through the symbol mapping process are from the same first encoded data stream.

[0152] In one possible implementation, the M consecutive dual-polarized symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely contain 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, the 2×M symbols are obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q×M bits, the 2×q×M bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and the two symbols entirely contained in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions are obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0153] In one possible implementation, performing third data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams includes: merging the M first encoded data streams into a second encoded data stream; performing a distribution operation on the second encoded data stream to obtain W third encoded data streams; performing DSP framing processing on each of the W third coded data streams to obtain W eighth coded data streams; and performing polarization splitting and symbol mapping on each of the W eighth encoded data streams to obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0154] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits from the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer, and every L1 consecutive bits in the second encoded data stream are distributed to one third encoded data stream, where L1 is a positive integer and L1 is an integer multiple of S0×M / W.

[0155] In one possible implementation, L1=S0×M, and every L1 consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream includes M sets of bits from the M first encoded data streams.

[0156] In one possible implementation, performing third data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams includes: Distributing the M first encoded data streams into W fourth encoded data streams; performing DSP framing processing on each of the W fourth coded data streams to obtain W ninth coded data streams; and performing polarization splitting and symbol mapping on each of the W ninth encoded data streams to obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0157] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, and the number of bits belonging to each of the M first encoded data streams among every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0158] In one possible implementation, S1=2×q×W, and every 2×q×M consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream includes M bit sets, the M bit sets being from different first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets including 2×q consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0159] In one possible implementation, M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

[0160] In one possible implementation, performing an FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams includes: performing FEC encoding in parallel on every 2×M bit sequences in the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain 2×M fifth encoded data streams, where each of the 2×M bit sequences includes a plurality of bits; performing an interleaving operation on every two fifth coded data streams among the 2×M fifth coded data streams to obtain M first coded data streams.

[0161] According to a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing method in optical communication, the method comprising: obtaining W second dual-polarized symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, and each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams is arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions; performing fourth data processing on the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams, wherein: M is an integer greater than 1, the fourth data processing includes receiver DSP processing and symbol demapping processing, and q×P bits obtained by performing the symbol demapping processing on P consecutive symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual polarization symbol data stream are distributed to at least two of the M first encoded data streams in any polarization direction, and the first symbol sequence includes one or more of pilot symbols, frame alignment words, training symbols, or reserved symbols, P is an integer greater than 1, q is a positive integer, and q bits are obtained by performing the symbol mapping processing on each symbol in any polarization direction; and performing an FEC decoding process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain an expected-to-receive bit data stream.

[0162] In one possible implementation, obtaining the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams includes: receiving the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device via W optical signals having different wavelengths or through W optical fibers to obtain the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device, or demultiplexing the received signal of one path to obtain the W subcarriers.

[0163] In one possible implementation, P=M, and q×P bits are distributed among the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits among the q×P bits are distributed among one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0164] In one possible implementation, the q bits obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on each symbol in either polarization direction are distributed into the same first encoded data stream.

[0165] In one possible implementation, M consecutive dual-polarized symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely contain 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, 2×M bits are obtained by performing symbol demapping on the 2×q×M symbols, and the 2×q×M bits are distributed to M first encoded data streams, and 2×q bits obtained by performing symbol demapping on the two symbols entirely contained in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions are distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

[0166] In one possible implementation, performing fourth data processing on the W second dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams includes: performing polarization combining and symbol demapping on the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W eighth encoded data streams; performing receiver DSP processing on each of the W eighth coded data streams to obtain W third coded data streams; merging the W third encoded data streams to obtain a second encoded data stream; and distributing the second encoded data stream among the M first encoded data streams.

[0167] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second encoded data stream are distributed to M first encoded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer, and every L1 consecutive bits in the second encoded data stream are from the same third encoded data stream, where L1 is a positive integer and L1 is an integer multiple of S0×M / W.

[0168] In one possible implementation, L1=S0×M, and every L1 consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream contain M bit sets, and the M bit sets are distributed among the M first encoded data streams.

[0169] In one possible implementation, performing fourth data processing on the W second dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams includes: performing polarization combining and symbol demapping on the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W ninth encoded data streams; performing receiver DSP processing on each of the W ninth coded data streams to obtain W fourth coded data streams; and distributing the W fourth encoded data streams among the M first encoded data streams.

[0170] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream are distributed to M first encoded data streams, and the number of bits among every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream that go into each of the M first encoded data streams is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0171] In one possible implementation, S1=2×q×W, and every 2×q×M consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream include M bit sets, and the M bit sets are distributed to different first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets includes 2×q consecutive bits distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

[0172] In one possible implementation, M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

[0173] In one possible implementation, performing an FEC decoding process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain an expected received bit data stream includes: performing a deinterleaving operation on the M first encoded data streams to obtain 2×M fifth encoded data streams; and performing an FEC decoding process in parallel on the 2×M fifth encoded data streams to obtain a to-be-transmitted bit data stream, wherein: Every 2×M consecutive bit sequences in the bit data stream are from 2×M fifth encoded data streams, and multiple bits contained in each of the 2×M bit sequences are from the same fifth encoded data stream.

[0174] According to a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing device in optical communication, the device comprising: an FEC encoding processing unit configured to obtain a to-be-transmitted bit data stream and to perform a forward error correction (FEC) encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams, where M is an integer greater than 1; and a third data processing unit configured to perform third data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, each of the W second dual polarization symbol data streams being arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions, the third data processing including digital signal processing (DSP) framing processing and symbol mapping processing, where P consecutive symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual polarization symbol data stream are obtained in either of the two polarization directions by performing the symbol mapping processing on q×P bits, the first symbol sequence including one or more of pilot symbols, frame alignment words, training symbols, or reserved symbols, the q×P bits being from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, where P is an integer greater than 1 and q is a positive integer, and each symbol is obtained in either polarization direction by performing the symbol mapping processing on q bits.

[0175] In one possible implementation, the device comprises: The optical signal further includes a transmitting unit configured to carry the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams on W paths of the optical signal and transmit the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams, respectively, where the W paths of the optical signal all have different wavelengths, transmit the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams through W optical fibers, respectively, or carry the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams on W subcarriers, perform digital subcarrier multiplexing to obtain one signal stream, and transmit the signal stream.

[0176] In one possible implementation, P=M, the q×P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits among the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0177] In one possible implementation, in either polarization direction, the q bits that are mapped to one symbol through the symbol mapping process are from the same first encoded data stream.

[0178] In one possible implementation, the M consecutive dual-polarized symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely contain 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, the 2×M symbols are obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q×M bits, the 2×q×M bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and the two symbols entirely contained in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions are obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0179] In one possible implementation, the third data processing unit comprises: a merging unit (also referred to as a bit group merging unit, bit merging unit, etc.) configured to merge the M first encoded data streams into a second encoded data stream; a distribution processing unit (also referred to as a wavelength distribution unit) configured to perform distribution processing on the second encoded data stream to obtain W third encoded data streams; a DSP framing processing unit (also referred to as a DSP framing unit), configured to perform DSP framing processing on each of the W third encoded data streams to obtain W eighth encoded data streams; and a dividing and mapping unit configured to perform polarization dividing and symbol mapping on each of the W eighth encoded data streams to obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0180] The distributing and mapping unit may include a polarization distributing unit and a symbol mapping unit, and the polarization distribution may be performed before the symbol mapping, or the symbol mapping may be performed before the polarization distribution.

[0181] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits from the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer, and every L1 consecutive bits in the second encoded data stream are distributed to one third encoded data stream, where L1 is a positive integer and L1 is an integer multiple of S0×M / W.

[0182] In one possible implementation, L1=S0×M, and every L1 consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream includes M sets of bits from the M first encoded data streams.

[0183] In one possible implementation, the third data processing unit comprises: a distribution processing unit configured to distribute the M first encoded data streams into W fourth encoded data streams; a DSP framing unit configured to perform DSP framing processing on each of the W fourth encoded data streams to obtain W ninth encoded data streams; and a dividing and mapping unit configured to perform polarization dividing and symbol mapping on each of the W ninth encoded data streams to obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0184] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, and the number of bits belonging to each of the M first encoded data streams among every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0185] In one possible implementation, S1=2×q×W, and every 2×q×M consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream includes M bit sets, the M bit sets being from different first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets including 2×q consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0186] In one possible implementation, M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

[0187] In one possible implementation, the FEC encoding processing unit includes 2M FEC encoding units (also called FEC encoders) and M interleaving units (also called interleavers).

[0188] The 2M FEC encoding units perform FEC encoding in parallel on every 2×M bit sequences in the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain 2×M fifth encoded data streams, where each of the 2×M bit sequences includes multiple bits.

[0189] The M interleaving units perform an interleaving operation on every two fifth coded data streams among the 2×M fifth coded data streams to obtain M first coded data streams.

[0190] According to an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data processing device in optical communication, the device comprising: obtaining W second dual polarization symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, each of the W second dual polarization symbol data streams being arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions; and performing fourth data processing on the W second dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams, wherein: a fourth data processing unit configured to: M is an integer greater than 1; the fourth data processing includes receiver DSP processing and symbol demapping processing; and q×P bits obtained by performing the symbol demapping processing on P consecutive symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual polarization symbol data stream are distributed to at least two of the M first encoded data streams in either polarization direction; the first symbol sequence includes one or more of pilot symbols, frame alignment words, training symbols, or reserved symbols; P is an integer greater than 1; q is a positive integer; and the q bits are obtained by performing the symbol mapping processing on each symbol in either polarization direction; an FEC decoding processing unit configured to perform FEC decoding processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain an expected-to-receive bit data stream.

[0191] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is configured to receive W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device via W optical signals with different wavelengths or through W optical fibers to obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device, or to demultiplex the received signal of one path to obtain W subcarriers.

[0192] In one possible implementation, P=M, and q×P bits are distributed among the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits among the q×P bits are distributed among one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0193] In one possible implementation, the q bits obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on each symbol in either polarization direction are distributed into the same first encoded data stream.

[0194] In one possible implementation, M consecutive dual-polarized symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely contain 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, 2×M bits are obtained by performing symbol demapping on the 2×q×M symbols, and the 2×q×M bits are distributed to M first encoded data streams, and 2×q bits obtained by performing symbol demapping on the two symbols entirely contained in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions are distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

[0195] In one possible implementation, the fourth data processing unit comprises: a merging and demapping unit configured to perform polarization combining and symbol demapping on the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W eighth encoded data streams; and a receiver DSP deframing unit configured to perform receiver DSP processing on each of the W eighth encoded data streams to obtain W third encoded data streams, wherein: merging the W third encoded data streams to obtain a second encoded data stream; The second coded data stream is distributed to the M first coded data streams.

[0196] In one possible implementation, every M consecutive bit sets in the second encoded data stream are distributed to M first encoded data streams, each of the M bit sets including S0 consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer, and every L1 consecutive bits in the second encoded data stream are from the same third encoded data stream, where L1 is a positive integer and L1 is an integer multiple of S0×M / W.

[0197] In one possible implementation, L1=S0×M, and every L1 consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream contain M bit sets, and the M bit sets are distributed among the M first encoded data streams.

[0198] In one possible implementation, the fourth data processing unit comprises: a merging and demapping unit configured to perform polarization combining and symbol demapping on the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W ninth encoded data streams; a receiver DSP deframing unit configured to perform receiver DSP processing on each of the W ninth encoded data streams to obtain W fourth encoded data streams; a merging processing unit configured to distribute the W fourth encoded data streams into the M first encoded data streams.

[0199] In one possible implementation, every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream are distributed to M first encoded data streams, and the number of bits among every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream that go into each of the M first encoded data streams is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0200] In one possible implementation, S1=2×q×W, and every 2×q×M consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream include M bit sets, and the M bit sets are distributed to different first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets includes 2×q consecutive bits distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

[0201] In one possible implementation, M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

[0202] In one possible implementation, the FEC decoding processing unit comprises: M deinterleaving units configured to perform a deinterleaving operation on the M first encoded data streams to obtain 2×M fifth encoded data streams; and 2M FEC decoding units configured to perform FEC decoding operations in parallel on the 2×M fifth encoded data streams to obtain a to-be-transmitted bit data stream, wherein every 2×M consecutive bit sequences in the bit data stream are from the 2×M fifth encoded data streams, and the multiple bits included in each of the 2×M bit sequences are from the same fifth encoded data stream.

[0203] According to a ninth aspect, there is provided a data processing device. The data processing device may be a transmitter device or a receiver device in an optical communication network, or may be part of a transmitter device or a receiver device (e.g., a circuit or chip), and includes a processor, a memory, and a communication interface. The processor, the memory, and the communication interface are connected to each other. The communication interface is configured to receive and transmit data, the memory is configured to store a program, and the processor is configured to invoke the program stored in the memory. When the program is executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to perform a data processing method according to any one of the first aspect or possible implementations of the first aspect, any one of the second aspect or possible implementations of the second aspect, any one of the fifth aspect or possible implementations of the fifth aspect, or any one of the sixth aspect or possible implementations of the sixth aspect. The processor and the memory may be physically separate units, or the memory may be integrated with the processor.

[0204] According to a tenth aspect, there is provided a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to perform a data processing method according to any one of the first aspect or possible implementations thereof, any one of the second aspect or possible implementations thereof, any one of the fifth aspect or possible implementations thereof, or any one of the sixth aspect or possible implementations thereof.

[0205] According to an eleventh aspect, there is provided a computer program product comprising computer program code which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to perform a data processing method according to any one of the first aspect or possible implementations of the first aspect, any one of the second aspect or possible implementations of the second aspect, any one of the fifth aspect or possible implementations of the fifth aspect, or any one of the sixth aspect or possible implementations of the sixth aspect.

[0206] According to a twelfth aspect, there is provided a chip, the chip including a processor and a communication interface, the processor being coupled to the communication interface and configured to perform a data processing method according to any one of the first aspect or any optional implementations of the first aspect, a data processing method according to any one of the second aspect or possible implementations of the second aspect, a data processing method according to any one of the fifth aspect or possible implementations of the fifth aspect, or a data processing method according to any one of the sixth aspect or possible implementations of the sixth aspect. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0207] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram of the architecture of an optical communication system to which the present application is applicable; [Figure 2]3 is a schematic flowchart of a data processing method at a transmitter side according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3] 4 is a schematic flowchart of another data processing method at the transmitter side according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 4] 4 is a schematic flowchart of another data processing method at the receiver side according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 5A] 1 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a first implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 5B] 1 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a first implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 6A] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a second implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 6B] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a second implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 7A] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a third implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 7B] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a third implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 8A] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a fourth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 8B] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a fourth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 9A] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a fifth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9B] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a fifth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9C] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a fifth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9D]10 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a fifth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10A] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a sixth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10B] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a sixth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10C] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a sixth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 10D] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a sixth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 11A] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a seventh implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 11B] 12 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a seventh implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 12A] 12 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in an eighth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 12B] 13 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in an eighth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13A] 12 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a ninth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13B] 13 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a ninth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 14A] 13 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a tenth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 14B] 13 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a tenth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 15A] 13 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in an eleventh implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 15B]13 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in an eleventh implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 16] FIG. 2 is a diagram of an FEC encoding process according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 17] 1 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in scenario 1 according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 18] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an FEC encoding process scheme in scenario 1 according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 19] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a 1.6T data processing procedure in scenario 1 according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 20] 1 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in scenario 2 according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 21] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in scenario 3 according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 22] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in scenario 4 according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 23] 4 is a schematic flowchart of another data processing method at the transmitter side according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 24] 4 is a schematic flowchart of another data processing method at the receiver side according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 25A] 12 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a twelfth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 25B] 12 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a twelfth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 26A] 13 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in a thirteenth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 26B] 13 is a schematic flowchart of a data receiving method in a thirteenth implementation form according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 27] 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in scenario 5 according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 28] 1 is a diagram of the structure of a data processing device according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 29] 1 is a diagram of a chip structure according to an embodiment of the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0208] In the description of the present application, "plurality" means two, three or more unless otherwise specified. In addition, " / " represents an "or" relationship between related objects. For example, A / B may represent A or B. "And / or" in the present application merely represents an association relationship between related objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent the following three cases: only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may each be singular or plural. In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish between identical or similar objects whose functions and purposes are basically the same, so as to clearly present the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art will understand that terms such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and terms such as "first" and "second" do not indicate clearly defined differences. It should be further noted that unless otherwise specified, a specific description of some technical features in one embodiment may also apply to the description of corresponding technical features set forth in another embodiment.

[0209] Before the embodiments of the present application are described in detail, application scenarios of the embodiments of the present application are first described. The present application may be applied to a data center transmission scenario, for example, a Data Communication Network (DCN) scenario or a Data Center Interconnect (DCI) scenario. Alternatively, the present application may be applied to a metro telecommunication transmission scenario.

[0210] 1 is a diagram of the structure of a communication system to which an embodiment of the present application can be applied. The communication system includes a transmitter device and a receiver device. For example, the transmitter device may include a source, an encoder, and a transmitter signal processor. The receiver device may include a receiver signal processor, a decoder, and a sink.

[0211] The transmitter device and the receiver device may each be a device such as a switch or a router. The transmitter device is also called a transmitter-on-host chip. The receiver device is also called a receiver-on-host chip.

[0212] In the transmitter device, a source provides a bit data stream to be transmitted. An encoder receives the bit data stream and encodes the bit data stream. The encoder inputs codeword information, obtained by merging parity bits and information bits, into the transmitter signal processor for framing. The codeword information is transmitted to the receiver device through a channel. After receiving a distorted signal caused by noise or other impairments on the channel, the receiver device sends the signal to the receiver signal processor for dispersion compensation, synchronization, phase recovery, and other operations. A decoder then performs decoding to recover the original data and sends the data to a sink.

[0213] The sink may also be referred to as a host chip on the receiver. The channel may also be referred to as a channel transmission medium. For example, the channel may be an optical fiber. The encoder and transmitter signal processor are deployed in one module (in other words, a chip or a chip system). The module may be an optical module, an electrical module, or another module that processes data in the data transmission process. For example, the optical module may be a coherent optical module. The decoder and receiver signal processor may also be deployed in one module. The module may be an optical module, an electrical module, or another module that processes data in the data transmission process. Alternatively, the source, encoder, and transmitter signal processor may be deployed in one module. No specific restrictions are imposed in this application.

[0214] With the growth of services, metro telecommunications transmission scenarios, DCN scenarios, and DCI scenarios have increasingly higher requirements for transmission rates. For example, when DP-16QAM modulation and a single-wavelength transmission scheme are used at transmission rates such as 1.2 Tbps and 1.6 Tbps, the corresponding baud rates are roughly 180 Gbaud and 240 Gbaud. At the same transmission rate, when a lower-order modulation such as DP-QPSK is used, a higher baud rate is required, or when a higher-order modulation such as DP-32QAM or DP-64QAM is used, only a lower baud rate is required, but the transmission distance is limited. Higher transmission rates required in optical transport networks usually require correspondingly higher baud rates, which translates into higher device power consumption. Currently, there are no low-power devices with high baud rates above 140 Gbaud. Low power consumption is typically required for implementation in metro telecommunications transmission scenarios and data center transmission scenarios. Therefore, current data processing solutions may not be applicable to metro telecommunication transmission scenarios, DCN scenarios, and DCI scenarios with transmission rates exceeding 800 Gbps (including 1.2 Tbps, 1.6 Tbps, etc.).

[0215] Baud, also called modulation rate, refers to the rate at which an effective data signal is used to modulate a carrier, i.e., the number of carrier modulation state changes per unit of time. Baud rate indicates the number of symbols transported per unit of time. It is a measure of the symbol transmission rate and is expressed by using the number of carrier modulation state changes per unit of time. Baud rate refers to the number of symbols transmitted per unit of time.

[0216] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide a data processing method and apparatus in optical communication to provide a solution applicable to scenarios where the transmission rate is at least 800Gbps.

[0217] The following describes in detail the solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application: The solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are first described from the perspective of a transmitter device.

[0218] 2 is a schematic flowchart of a data processing method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. The method may be applied to a transmitter device, for example, may be performed by the transmitter device or a module in the transmitter device. The module in the transmitter device may be a chip or a chip system.

[0219] 201: Perform an FEC encoding process on one or more bit data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams, where M is an integer greater than 1.

[0220] For example, a host device in a transmitter device generates a bit data stream to be transmitted. An FEC encoding process may be performed on the bit data stream to be transmitted in a round-robin and parallel manner. For example, an M-way parallel method may be used to perform the FEC encoding process. An FEC encoding process (sometimes referred to as FEC process for short) is performed for each path. See FIG. 3. The FEC encoding processes are referred to as FEC encoding process 0, FEC encoding process 1, ..., and FEC encoding process M-1 (sometimes referred to as FEC process for short).

[0221] In some possible scenarios, after the host device generates a bit data stream to be transmitted, the bit data stream to be transmitted may be divided into M bit data streams before FEC encoding processing, and then the FEC encoding processing is performed on each of the M bit data streams.

[0222] In some other possible scenarios, after the host device generates the to-be-transmitted bit data stream, the to-be-transmitted bit data stream is directly input in a round-robin manner to M FEC encoding processing units for FEC encoding processing.

[0223] In some other possible scenarios, the host device generates or obtains M to-be-transmitted bit data streams, and then performs an FEC encoding process on each of the M bit data streams.

[0224] For example, a concatenated FEC (CFEC) code, an open FEC (OFEC) code, a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code, or a Hamming code may be used for FEC encoding. The CFEC coding may be a coding scheme in which a staircase code and a Hamming code are concatenated. Alternatively, another FEC coding scheme may be used for FEC encoding. This is not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0225] In some possible implementations, each of the M passes of the FEC encoding process (0, 1, ..., or M-1) may include FEC encoding and interleaving. In particular, after FEC encoding is performed, the encoded data stream is further input to an interleaver for interleaving to scramble the data order and thereby improve burst resistance. In some possible implementations, each of the M passes of the FEC encoding process (0, 1, ..., or M-1) may include multiple passes of FEC encoding, and the multiple encoded data streams obtained through the multiple passes of FEC encoding are input to an interleaver for interleaving to obtain one first encoded data stream.

[0226] In some other possible implementations, the M to-be-transmitted bit data streams obtained by the host device are data streams obtained through encoding by using a KP4 RS (544, 514) code. In this case, a short linear block code, such as a Hamming code or a BCH code, may typically be used for FEC encoding. The KP4 RS (544, 514) code is called an outer code, the FEC encoding is called an inner code, and the combination of the KP4 RS (544, 514) code and the FEC encoding is called a concatenated code.

[0227] 202: Perform first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W first dual polarization symbol data streams are first dual polarization symbol data streams 0 to W-1.

[0228] It should be noted that a dual-polarization (DP) symbol data stream includes dual-polarization symbols, and one dual-polarization symbol entirely includes two symbols in two polarization directions. Symbols in this specification are symbols obtained through a symbol mapping process and may also be referred to as modulation symbols. This is not particularly limited in the embodiments of this application. The two polarization directions in the embodiments of this application are orthogonal. The two polarization directions may be represented as X polarization and Y polarization. A dual-polarization symbol includes one symbol in the X polarization direction and one symbol in the Y polarization direction. In some descriptions, X polarization may alternatively be represented by using H polarization, and Y polarization may alternatively be represented by using V polarization. In the subsequent description of this application, an example in which the two polarization directions are X polarization and Y polarization is used.

[0229] In the embodiments of the present application, the dual polarization symbol data stream may also be referred to as a symbol data stream, a dual polarization symbol stream, or a dual polarization stream. Certainly, other names may be used instead. This is not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0230] Each of the W first dual-polarization symbol data streams is arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions, and the first data processing includes at least a symbol mapping process, where in one polarization direction, P consecutive symbols in the first dual-polarization symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q×P bits, the q×P bits being from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, where P is an integer greater than 1 and q is a positive integer, and each symbol is obtained in the polarization direction by performing a symbol mapping process on q bits.

[0231] It should be noted that the polarization direction in this embodiment of the present application is one of two polarization directions.

[0232] In some possible implementations, P may satisfy P=M. In the polarization direction, P consecutive symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on the q×P bits. Furthermore, the q×P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits in the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0233] In some other possible implementations, P may satisfy P = M. Furthermore, the q x P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every 2 x q bits among the q x P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0234] In yet another possible implementation, P may satisfy P=M, where the q×P bits are from M first encoded data streams, and every q bits among the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams. Additionally, in the polarization direction, the q bits mapped to one symbol through the symbol mapping process are from the same first encoded data stream.

[0235] In yet another possible implementation, the M consecutive dual-polarized symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely contain 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, the 2×M symbols being obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q×M bits, the 2×q×M bits being from the M first encoded data streams, and the two symbols entirely contained in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions being obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0236] In yet another possible implementation, P=M / 2. In the polarization direction, P consecutive symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q×P bits, where the q×P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every q / 2 bits in the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0237] In yet another possible implementation, P=a×M. In the polarization direction, P consecutive symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q×P bits, where the q×P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every a×q bits in the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams, where a is a positive integer.

[0238] Note that in the polarization direction, symbol mapping includes, but is not limited to, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). For QPSK modulation, every two bits are mapped to one modulation symbol. For 8QAM modulation, every three bits are mapped to one modulation symbol. For 16QAM modulation, every four bits are mapped to one modulation symbol. For 32QAM modulation, every five bits are mapped to one modulation symbol. For 64QAM modulation, every six bits are mapped to one modulation symbol.

[0239] It should be noted that this embodiment of the present application uses dual-polarization (DP) optical transmission. In this embodiment of the present application, the first data processing may further include polarization distribution. In the process of the first data processing, after symbol mapping is performed on the bit sequence, polarization symbol distribution into the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction is performed to obtain dual-polarized symbols. It can be understood that one dual-polarized symbol data stream may be obtained by performing polarization distribution on one symbol data stream, and includes one symbol data stream in the X polarization direction and one symbol data stream in the Y polarization direction. For example, for t symbols in the symbol data stream obtained through the symbol mapping process, t / 2 symbols are distributed in the symbol data stream in the X polarization direction and t / 2 symbols are distributed in the symbol data stream in the Y polarization direction through polarization distribution.

[0240] It should be noted that in one polarization direction, the q bits mapped to one symbol may or may not be consecutive in a bit sequence in which no symbol mapping has been performed, and no specific constraints are imposed herein.

[0241] In some descriptions, the symbol mapping and polarization distribution are also jointly referred to as dual polarization symbol mapping, such as DP-QPSK, DP-8QAM, DP-16QAM, DP-32QAM, and DP-64QAM mapping.

[0242] For DP-QPSK modulation, every four bits are mapped to one dual polarization modulation symbol. For DP-8QAM modulation, every six bits are mapped to one dual polarization modulation symbol. For DP-16QAM modulation, every eight bits are mapped to one dual polarization modulation symbol. For DP-32QAM modulation, every ten bits are mapped to one dual polarization modulation symbol. For DP-64QAM modulation, every twelve bits are mapped to one dual polarization modulation symbol. One dual polarization modulation symbol includes one modulation symbol in the X polarization direction and one modulation symbol in the Y polarization direction. In some descriptions, modulation symbols may be referred to as symbols for short, and dual polarization modulation symbols may be referred to as dual polarization symbols for short.

[0243] In some specific applications, Dual Polarization 16QAM (DP-16QAM) modulation is used for "symbol mapping" and eight bits (c 8i ,c 8i+1 ,c 8i+2 ,c 8i+3 ,c 8i+4 ,c 8i+5 ,c 8i+6 ,c 8i+7) is mapped to one DP-16QAM symbol. Note that in one polarization direction, the four bits mapped to one 16QAM symbol may be four consecutive bits. For example, 8i ,c 8i+1 ) is mapped to the in-phase component of the DP-16QAM symbol in X polarization, and (c 8i+2 ,c 8i+3 ) is mapped to the quadrature-phase component of the DP-16QAM symbol in the X polarization, and (c 8i+4 ,c 8i+5 ) is mapped to the in-phase component of the DP-16QAM symbol in Y polarization, and (c 8i+6 ,c 8i+7 ) is mapped to the quadrature-phase component of the DP-16QAM symbol in Y polarization. It should be further noted that in one polarization direction, the four bits mapped to one 16QAM symbol may be four non-consecutive bits. For example, (c 8i ,c 8i+2 ) is mapped to the in-phase component of the DP-16QAM symbol in X polarization, and (c 8i+4 ,c 8i+6 ) is mapped to the quadrature-phase component of the DP-16QAM symbol in the X polarization, and (c 8i+1 ,c 8i+3 ) is mapped to the in-phase component of the DP-16QAM symbol in Y polarization, and (c 8i+5 ,c 8i+7 ) is mapped to the quadrature-phase component of the DP-16QAM symbol in the Y polarization.

[0244] In some possible implementations, the FEC encoding process (0, 1, ..., or M-1) may further include a probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) process. In the probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) technique, the probability of constellation point occurrence changes, but the constellation point location remains unchanged, so that the constellation points are not evenly distributed, thereby improving system transmission performance. In this case, QAM modulation may also be called PCS-QAM modulation. For example, 16QAM is also called PCS-16QAM.

[0245] In one possible implementation, the first data processing further includes data distribution or data division. The purpose of data distribution or data division is to divide the input data stream into W data streams. It should be noted that in some descriptions, data distribution or data division may be referred to by other names, such as data stream distribution, wavelength distribution, conversion processing, demultiplexing (De-MUx), distribution processing, interleaving processing, or interleaving distribution processing. This is not particularly limited in this specification. In the subsequent description of this application, wavelength distribution is used as an example for explanation.

[0246] For example, K×W consecutive pieces of data in the input data stream are distributed into W data streams, and every K pieces of data are distributed into one data stream. In this embodiment of the present application, data distribution is performed in multiple implementations, and different implementations are for different purposes. For example, data distribution may be performed before the symbol mapping process, and data distribution may be performed on the encoded data stream. In this case, the K×W pieces of data may be understood as K×W pieces of bit data. Alternatively, data distribution may be performed after the symbol mapping and before the polarization distribution, and data distribution may be performed on the symbol data stream. In this case, the K×W pieces of data may be understood as K×W symbols. Alternatively, data distribution may be performed after the polarization distribution, and data distribution may be performed on the symbol data stream. In this case, the K×W pieces of data may be understood as K×W dual-polarized symbols. K is a positive integer. It should be understood that K in this specification is merely an example and does not particularly limit the specific granularity of data distribution. For example, it can be appreciated that the bit granularity used to perform data distribution before symbol mapping is different from the symbol granularity used to perform data distribution after symbol mapping.

[0247] In some possible embodiments, the first data processing may further include a "bit merging" process. Bit merging may also be called bit group merging, bit merging and grouping, or simply merging. Bit merging may also have other names. This is not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application. Through bit merging and grouping, SO bits may be obtained from each of the M first coded bit streams output through the M paths of the FEC coding process, and a total of SO×M bits are obtained. That is, in the data stream obtained through bit group merging, SO×M consecutive bits are from the M first coded bit streams. For example, SO is an integer multiple of q. In one example, SO=2×q.

[0248] In one example, when a "bit group merging" process is performed, M first coded bit streams obtained through M passes of the FEC coding process are input into a "next processing module" in a round-robin manner at a granularity of S bits to obtain S×W bits from each first coded bit stream. The S×W bits may be obtained through W round-robin operations or may be obtained through a single operation. For example, when S×W bits are obtained through W round-robin operations, the next processing module receives S bits output through FEC coding process 0 at one moment, S bits output through FEC coding process 1 at the next moment, S bits from FEC coding process 2 at the next moment, and so on, until it receives S bits from FEC coding process M−1. For example, S may be an integer multiple of q. For example, S=2×q. In the polarization direction, q bits are mapped to one symbol through symbol mapping. The next processing module may perform wavelength allocation or may perform symbol mapping.

[0249] In some possible implementation scenarios, "bit group merging" may be combined with the next processing module for joint implementation. For example, it may be understood that the function of "bit group merging" is integrated into "wavelength distribution" for joint implementation, or that the function of bit group merging is no longer performed separately. In another example, it may be understood that the function of "bit group merging" is integrated into "symbol mapping" for joint implementation, or that the function of bit group merging is no longer performed separately.

[0250] In this embodiment of the present application, after the first data processing is performed, a DSP framing process may be further performed. Figure 3 is a diagram of another data processing procedure in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0251] After step 202 is performed, step 203 is performed, specifically, performing DSP framing processing on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, and transmitting the W second dual polarization symbol data streams.

[0252] When the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are transmitted, in one possible implementation, the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams may be carried on W paths of the optical signal, respectively, and the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are transmitted, where the W paths of the optical signal have different wavelengths. When this implementation is used, the data distribution may be referred to as wavelength distribution. In another possible implementation, the W dual-polarized symbol data streams may be transmitted over W optical fibers.

[0253] The transmitting is performed through optical signals of different wavelengths or through different optical fibers, so that higher baud rate devices are not required and the power consumption of the devices is low.

[0254] It should be noted that another implementation of transmitting the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams may be to respectively carry the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams on W subcarriers, perform digital subcarrier multiplexing to obtain a signal of one path, and transmit the signal of that path. In this case, the baud rate corresponding to each subcarrier is 1 / W of the baud rate of the transmitted signal. It should be noted that, compared with the above scheme in which W paths of an optical signal or W optical fibers are used, the digital subcarrier implementation requires devices with higher baud rates and may have higher device power consumption. However, the digital subcarrier implementation may reduce the complexity of dispersion compensation and reduce the equalization enhanced phase noise (EEPN) penalty. That is, their DSP power consumption may be smaller.

[0255] According to the solution provided in this embodiment of the present application, whether the baud rate is reduced or the complexity of dispersion compensation is reduced and the EEPN penalty is reduced, the data transmission rate can be improved and long-distance data transmission can be adapted.

[0256] It should be noted that in the DSP framing process, the transmitter device may periodically insert a fixed symbol sequence into each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams. CW For dual polarization symbols, N FA fixed symbol sequence is inserted in each of the X and Y polarization directions to obtain a dual polarization symbol sequence (e.g., sometimes referred to as a DP-QAM symbol sequence) of length N. For example, the dual polarization symbol sequence may be a DP-QPSK symbol sequence, a DP-8QAM symbol sequence, a DP-16QAM symbol sequence, a DP-32QAM symbol sequence, or a DP-64QAM symbol sequence. The dual polarization symbol sequence may also be referred to as a super-frame. In one example, N CW =172032 and N F =175104. N F In each polarization direction, a dual polarization symbol sequence of length N F Note that the fixed symbol sequence includes N symbols. The fixed symbol sequence may include one or more of a pilot symbol / pilot sequence (PS), a frame alignment word (FAW), a training symbol / training sequence (TS), or a reserved symbol (RES). The FAW is for frame alignment, the TS is for link training, and the PS is for carrier phase recovery. In addition, the DSP frame further includes some RES reserved symbols for future use and innovation. The values ​​of the RES reserved symbols (also called pattern) may be known and unchanging, or may be randomized. In some embodiments, the N F For every N in the dual polarization symbol sequence with length G The symbols at fixed locations among the symbols are pilot symbols. G The first symbol among the N symbols is a pilot symbol. G= 32 or 64. Note that in some particular embodiments, a super-frame is also called a multi-frame, reserved symbols are also called fixed stuff (FS), and frame alignment words are also called multi-frame alignment signals (MFAS).

[0257] The following describes the solution provided in the embodiments of the present application from the perspective of a receiver device: The execution process of the receiver device may be understood as the reverse process of the execution process of the transmitter device.

[0258] 4 is a schematic flowchart of a data processing method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. The method may be applied to a receiver device, for example, may be executed by the receiver device or a module in the receiver device. The module in the receiver device may be a chip or a chip system.

[0259] 401: Obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, and each of the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams is arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions.

[0260] 402: Perform second data processing on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams.

[0261] M is an integer greater than 1, and the second data processing includes a symbol demapping process, where q×P bits are obtained by performing the symbol demapping process on P consecutive symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream in one polarization direction, and the q×P bits are distributed among (or among) at least two of the M first encoded data streams, where P is an integer greater than 1 and q is a positive integer, and q bits are obtained by performing the symbol demapping process on each symbol in the polarization direction.

[0262] 403: Perform an FEC decoding process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain an expected-to-receive bit data stream.

[0263] In some embodiments, obtaining the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams may be implemented in the following manner: by receiving W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device; and performing receiver DSP processing (sometimes referred to as DSP deframing processing) on ​​each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized data streams. When performing DSP deframing processing, the receiver device may identify a fixed symbol sequence from a fixed location in the second dual-polarized symbol data stream and perform subsequent data recovery based on the identified symbol sequence, and so on. For example, the receiver device may receive the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device via W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths, or may receive the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device over W optical fibers.

[0264] In some possible implementations, when P satisfies P=M, q×P bits obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on P symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream in the polarization direction are put into M first encoded data streams, and every q bits are put into the same first encoded data stream among the M first encoded data streams.

[0265] In some other possible implementations, P may satisfy P = M. Furthermore, q × P bits go into the M first encoded data streams, and every 2 × q bits out of the q × P bits go into the same first encoded data stream out of the M first encoded data streams.

[0266] In some other possible implementations, when P satisfies P=M, the q bits obtained by performing symbol demapping on each symbol in the polarization direction are put into the same first encoded data stream.

[0267] In some other possible implementations, M consecutive dual-polarized symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely contain 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, and 2×q×M bits are obtained by performing symbol demapping on the 2×M symbols, and the 2×q×M bits enter M first encoded data streams. The 2×q bits obtained by performing symbol demapping on the two symbols entirely contained in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions enter the same first encoded data stream.

[0268] It should be noted that in one polarization direction, symbol demapping includes, but is not limited to, QPSK or quadrature amplitude modulation QAM.

[0269] Correspondingly, the second data processing may further include polarization combining, data merging, etc. Polarization combining is the inverse process of polarization splitting. That may be understood as polarization combining is combining dual-polarized symbol data streams into one symbol data stream. Data merging is the inverse process of data splitting. That may be understood as data merging is merging W data streams into one data stream.

[0270] With reference to the accompanying drawings and several implementation forms of data distribution (data merging), the following describes several methods provided in the embodiments of the present application. In the following description, an example in which data distribution is called wavelength distribution and data merging is called wavelength merging is used for explanation.

[0271] In the first implementation, wavelength allocation is performed before symbol mapping. Wavelength allocation and "bit group merging" are processed separately. Figure 5A is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0272] The transmitter device performs M passes of a parallel FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams. Then, "bit group merging" is performed on the M first encoded data streams, i.e., the M first encoded data streams are merged into a second encoded data stream. Then, a distribution process is performed on the second encoded data stream to obtain W third encoded data streams (wavelength distribution is used as an example in FIG. 5A ). Every L1 consecutive bits in the second encoded data stream are distributed into one third encoded data stream, where L1 is a positive integer. A symbol mapping process is performed on each of the W third encoded data streams to obtain W first symbol data streams, and polarization distribution is performed on each of the W first symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams. Then, DSP framing processing is performed on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, where the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are second dual polarization symbol data stream 0 through second dual polarization symbol data stream W-1. Furthermore, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried and transmitted on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths. Alternatively, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are transmitted through W optical fibers, respectively. Alternatively, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are carried on W subcarriers, respectively, and digital subcarrier multiplexing is performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0273] In some embodiments, when M first encoded data streams are merged into a second encoded data stream, S0 consecutive bits may be taken from each of the M first encoded data streams in a round-robin manner, resulting in a total of S0×M bits. The S0 bits may alternatively be understood as bit sets. That is, every M consecutive bit set in the second encoded data stream is from the M first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets includes S0 consecutive bits from the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer.

[0274] Furthermore, when wavelength allocation is performed on the second encoded data stream,

[0275]

number

[0276] bits may be distributed into one third coded data stream, where U is a positive integer. In other words, L1 is

[0277]

number

[0278] In one example, L1 is

[0279]

number

[0280] In another example, L1 is

[0281]

number

[0282] That is, L1=S0×M. For example, S0 may be a multiple of q. For example, S0=q. Another example is S0=2×q.

[0283] As an example to explain the data processing procedure in optical communication, L1=S0×M and S0=2×q is used.

[0284] The bit data stream to be transmitted is input in a round-robin fashion into M FEC encoding process units, namely FEC encoding process 0, FEC encoding process 1, . . . , and FEC encoding process M-1.

[0285] W×(q×2) bits are obtained from each of the M first coded data streams output by the M FEC coding processing units, and a total of W×(q×2)×M bits are obtained, and the “bit group merging” in Fig. 5A is performed to output one second coded data stream. Then, the “wavelength distribution” process in Fig. 5A is performed on the second coded data stream, so that W×(q×2)×M bits are distributed among W third coded data streams output through “wavelength distribution”, where each output third coded data stream includes (q×2)×M bits of the W×(q×2)×M bits.

[0286] For the (q×2)×M bits in each output third encoded data stream, symbol mapping and polarization distribution are performed to obtain M dual polarization symbols, where q×2 bits are mapped to one dual polarization symbol, i.e., q bits are mapped to one symbol in one polarization direction. A second dual polarization symbol data stream to be transmitted is obtained by performing DSP framing processing on one first dual polarization symbol data stream output through polarization distribution.

[0287] In one example, the specific operations of "bit group merging" and "wavelength allocation" in FIG. 5A are as follows.

[0288] "Bit group merging" means obtaining a bit set containing q×2 bits

[0289]

Number

[0290] from the first encoded data stream output by M FEC encoding processing units in a round-robin manner, where 0≦i<M and 0≦j<W. The bit set containing q×2 bits

[0291]

Number

[0292] is the j-th group of q×2 bits obtained from the first encoded data stream output by the i-th FEC encoding processing unit. A total of W×(q×2)×M bits, that is,

[0293]

Number

[0294] , and

[0295]

Number

[0296] are obtained and input into the "wavelength allocation" unit.

[0297] "Wavelength allocation" means a total of W×(q×2)×M bits, that is,

[0298]

Number

[0299] , and

[0300]

Number

[0301] are output to W output data streams in a round-robin manner at a granularity of M×(q×2) bits. That is, (q×2)×M bits

[0302]

Number

[0303] , and

[0304]

Number

[0305] is output to the j-th (0≦j<W) third encoded data stream.

[0306] FIG. 5B is a schematic flowchart of a data reception method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 5B is a reverse process of the procedure described in FIG. 5A. For corresponding explanations, refer to the relevant explanations in FIG. 5A.

[0307] The receiver device receives the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams and performs receiver DSP processing on each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams. Furthermore, polarization combining is performed on each of the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W first symbol data streams. A symbol demapping process is performed on each of the W first symbol data streams to obtain W third encoded data streams. q bits are obtained by performing symbol demapping on each symbol in each first symbol data stream. A merging process is then performed on the W third encoded data streams to obtain one second encoded data stream. L1 bits to be merged into the second encoded data stream are obtained from each of the W third encoded data streams. That is, every W×L1 bits in the second encoded data stream are from the W third encoded data streams, and every L1 consecutive bits in the W×L1 bits are from a different third encoded data stream. Furthermore, a bit distribution operation is performed on the second encoded data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams, and then an FEC decoding operation is performed on the M first encoded data streams to obtain a bit data stream.

[0308] In the second implementation, wavelength distribution is performed after symbol mapping and before polarization distribution. Wavelength distribution and "bit group merging" are processed separately. Figure 6A is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0309] The transmitter device performs M passes of a parallel FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams. Then, "bit group merging" is performed on the M first encoded data streams, i.e., the M first encoded data streams are merged into a second encoded data stream. Then, a symbol mapping process is performed on the second encoded data stream to obtain a second symbol data stream. Furthermore, the second symbol data stream is distributed to obtain W third symbol data streams.

[0310] Polarization splitting is performed on each of the W third symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams. DSP framing processing is then performed on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, where the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are second dual polarization symbol data stream 0 through second dual polarization symbol data stream W-1. Furthermore, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried and transmitted on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths. Alternatively, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are each transmitted through W optical fibers. Alternatively, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are each carried on W subcarriers, and digital subcarrier multiplexing is performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0311] In some embodiments, every D1 consecutive symbols in the third symbol data stream is obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on D1×1 bits, where D1 is a positive even integer. For example, D1 may alternatively be expressed as 2×L2, where L2 is a positive integer. The L2×2×q bits are from M first encoded data streams. For example, the number of bits in the L2×2×q bits from each of the M first encoded data streams is the same. Every L2×2×q / M consecutive bits in the L2×2×q bits are from the same first encoded data stream.

[0312] For example, when M first coded data streams are merged into a second coded data stream, S0 consecutive bits may be obtained from each of the M first coded data streams in a round-robin manner, resulting in a total of S0×M bits. The S0 bits may alternatively be understood as bit sets. That is, every M consecutive bit sets in the second coded data stream are from the M first coded data streams, and each of the M bit sets includes S0 consecutive bits from the same first coded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer. Furthermore, symbol mapping is performed on every q bits among the S0×M consecutive bits in the second coded data stream to obtain one symbol. In this case, every S0×M consecutive bits in the second coded data stream are mapped to S0×M / q symbols in the second symbol data stream. When the second symbol data stream is distributed, every U×S0×M / (W×q) consecutive symbols may be distributed to one third symbol data stream. L2 may be an integer multiple of S0×M / (W×q). In one example, L2=S0×M / q. The L2×2×q bits include M sets of bits from the M first encoded data streams. For example, S0 may be a multiple of q. For example, S0=q. In another example, S0=2×q.

[0313] As an example below to explain the data processing procedure in optical communication, L2=S0×M / q and S0=2×q is used.

[0314] The bit data stream to be transmitted is input in a round-robin fashion into M FEC encoding process units, namely FEC encoding process 0, FEC encoding process 1, . . . , and FEC encoding process M-1.

[0315] W×(q×2) bits are obtained from each of the M first encoded data streams output by the M FEC encoding processing units, and a total of W×(q×2)×M bits are obtained. "Bit group merging" in FIG. 6A is performed to output one second encoded data stream. Next, in order to map every q×2 bits among all the W×(q×2)×M bits to two symbols, thereby obtaining W×2×M symbols, the symbol mapping process in FIG. 6A is performed on the second encoded data stream. Further, wavelength allocation processing is to allocate W×2×M symbols to W third symbol data streams, where 2×M of the W×2×M symbols are input into one third symbol data stream.

[0316] By performing polarization allocation on the 2×M symbols in each third symbol data stream, M dual-polarization symbols are obtained. One transmit-scheduled dual-polarization symbol data stream is obtained by performing DSP framing processing on one dual-polarization symbol data stream output through polarization allocation.

[0317] In one example, the specific operations of "bit group merging", "symbol mapping", and "wavelength allocation" in FIG. 6A are as follows.

[0318] "Bit group merging" means

[0319]

Number

[0320] obtaining a bit set containing q×2 bits from the first encoded data streams output by the M FEC encoding processing units in a round-robin manner, where 0≦i<M and 0≦j<W. A bit set containing q×2 bits

[0321]

number

[0322] is the j-th group of q×2 bits obtained from the first coded data stream output by the i-th FEC coding processing unit. There are a total of W×(q×2)×M bits, i.e.,

[0323]

number

[0324] is obtained and input into the "Symbol Mapping" unit.

[0325] A "symbol mapping" is a set of W × M symbols (containing W × 2 × M symbols) in total, i.e.

[0326]

number

[0327] , and

[0328]

number

[0329] To obtain, we need a total of W × (q × 2) × M bits, i.e.,

[0330]

number

[0331] , and

[0332]

number

[0333] a symbol set containing two symbols

[0334]

number

[0335] Any q×2 bits that are mapped to

[0336]

number

[0337] The goal is to map at the granularity of

[0338] "Wavelength distribution" refers to a set of W × M symbols (containing W × 2 × M symbols).

[0339]

number

[0340] , and

[0341]

number

[0342] into the W output symbol data stream in a round-robin fashion at a granularity of 2×M symbols, where

[0343]

number

[0344] , and

[0345]

number

[0346] is input into the j-th third symbol data stream.

[0347] 6B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 6B is the reverse process of the procedure described in FIG. 6A. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in FIG. 6A.

[0348] The receiver device receives the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams and performs receiver DSP processing on each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams. Further, polarization combining is performed on each of the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W third symbol data streams. A wavelength merging operation is then performed on the W third symbol data streams to obtain one second symbol data stream. A symbol demapping operation is then performed on the second symbol data stream to obtain a second encoded data stream. Further, a bit distribution operation is performed on the second encoded data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams. Then, an FEC decoding operation is performed on the M first encoded data streams to obtain bit data streams.

[0349] D1×q bits are obtained by performing symbol demapping on every D1 consecutive symbols in the third symbol data stream, where D1 is a positive even integer. L2×2×q bits enter M first encoded data streams after bit distribution. For example, the number of bits among the L2×2×q bits input into each of the M first encoded data streams is the same. Every L2×2×q / M consecutive bits among the L2×2×q bits enter the same first encoded data stream.

[0350] In the third implementation, wavelength distribution is performed after polarization distribution. Wavelength distribution and "bit group merging" are processed separately. Figure 7A is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0351] The transmitter device performs M passes of a parallel FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams. Then, "bit group merging" is performed on the M first encoded data streams, i.e., the M first encoded data streams are merged into a second encoded data stream. Then, a symbol mapping process is performed on the second encoded data stream to obtain a second symbol data stream. Furthermore, polarization distribution is performed on the second symbol data stream to obtain a third dual-polarized symbol data stream. Then, a distribution process (wavelength distribution is used as an example) is performed on the third dual-polarized symbol data stream to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0352] For example, when M first coded data streams are merged into a second coded data stream, S0 consecutive bits may be obtained from each of the M first coded data streams in a round-robin manner, resulting in a total of S0×M bits. The S0 bits may alternatively be understood as bit sets. That is, every M consecutive bit set in the second coded data stream is from the M first coded data streams, and each of the M bit sets includes S0 consecutive bits from the same first coded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer. Furthermore, symbol mapping is performed on every q bits among the S0×M consecutive bits in the second coded data stream to obtain one symbol. In this case, every S0×M consecutive bits in the second coded data stream are mapped to a q symbol in the second symbol data stream.

[0353]

number

[0354] symbols. When polarization distribution is performed, every two symbols among the S0×M / q symbols are distributed as one dual polarization symbol. That is, each dual polarization symbol in the third dual polarization symbol data stream includes two symbols, and the two symbols are distributed in different polarization directions. When wavelength distribution is further performed, every S0×M / (2×q) dual polarization symbols in the third dual polarization symbol data stream are distributed to one first dual polarization symbol data stream. For example, in one polarization direction, P consecutive symbols in the first dual polarization symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q×P bits, where the q×P bits are from at least two of the M first encoded data streams. P is an integer multiple of S0×M / (W×2×q). For example, S0 can be a multiple of q. For example, S0=q. In another example, S0=2×q. For example, if S0=2×q and P=M, then the q×P bits are from the M first coded data streams.

[0355] As an example below to explain how data is transmitted in optical communication with reference to FIG. 7A, S0=2×q and P=M are used.

[0356] As shown in FIG. 7A, the bit data stream to be transmitted is input in a round-robin fashion into M FEC encoding processing units, namely, FEC encoding process 0, FEC encoding process 1, ..., and FEC encoding process M-1.

[0357] W×(q×2) bits are obtained from each data stream output by the M FEC processors, resulting in a total of W×(q×2)×M bits, which are input into a “bit group merging” for merging. The W×(q×2)×M bits output through the merging process are input into a symbol mapping. Every q×2 bit is mapped to two symbols to obtain W×2×M symbols. Polarization distribution is processing the W×2×M symbols to obtain W×M dual-polarized symbols, which are input into wavelength distribution. Wavelength distribution is distributing the W×M dual-polarized symbols for input into W output symbol data streams, where M of the W×M symbols are input into one output dual-polarized symbol data stream. One to-be-transmitted dual-polarized symbol data stream is obtained by performing DSP framing processing on the dual-polarized symbol data stream output through wavelength distribution.

[0358] Please note that for the "bit group merging" and "symbol mapping" processes in Figure 7A, please refer to the description of "bit group merging" and "symbol mapping" in the second implementation above. The specific operations of "polarization distribution" and "wavelength distribution" are as follows.

[0359] "Polarization distribution" means W × M dual polarization symbols

[0360]

number

[0361] , ..., and

[0362]

number

[0363] To obtain W × 2 × M symbols, the symbols are output through "symbol mapping."

[0364]

number

[0365] , ..., and

[0366]

number

[0367] where one dual polarization symbol

[0368]

number

[0369] is a symbol set containing two symbols

[0370]

number

[0371] is obtained by performing polarization distribution on

[0372] "Wavelength distribution" means W × M dual polarization symbols

[0373]

number

[0374] , and

[0375]

number

[0376] into the W first dual polarization symbol data stream in a round robin manner at a granularity of M dual polarization symbols, where

[0377]

number

[0378] , and

[0379]

number

[0380] goes into the jth output first dual-polarized symbol data stream.

[0381] 7B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 7B is a reverse process of the procedure described in FIG. 7A. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in FIG. 7A.

[0382] The receiver device receives the W second dual polarization symbol data streams and performs receiver DSP processing on each of the W second dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams. Further, a merging process (wavelength merging is used as an example) is performed on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain one third dual polarization symbol data stream. Then, polarization combining is performed on the third dual polarization symbol data stream to obtain W second symbol data streams. Then, a symbol demapping process is performed on the W second symbol data streams to obtain a second encoded data stream. Further, a bit distribution process is performed on the second encoded data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams. Then, an FEC decoding process is performed on the M first encoded data streams to obtain a bit data stream.

[0383] In the fourth implementation, wavelength distribution is performed before symbol mapping. Bit group merging is not performed separately. Figure 8A is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0384] The transmitter device performs M paths of parallel FEC encoding processing on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams. Wavelength distribution is then performed on the M first encoded data streams. That is, the M first encoded data streams may be distributed into W fourth encoded data streams. Further, a symbol mapping process is performed on each of the W fourth encoded data streams to obtain W fourth symbol data streams. Polarization distribution is then performed on each of the W fourth symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams. Then, DSP framing processing is performed on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, where the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are second dual polarization symbol data stream 0 through second dual polarization symbol data stream W−1. Further, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths and transmitted. Alternatively, the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are each transmitted over W optical fibers. Alternatively, the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are each carried on W subcarriers, and digital subcarrier multiplexing is performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0385] In some embodiments, every S1×M / W consecutive bits in each fourth encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, and the number of bits belonging to each of the M first encoded data streams among every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0386] In one example, S0 consecutive bits may be obtained from each of the M first encoded data streams in a round-robin manner, resulting in a total of S0×M bits. The S0 bits may alternatively be understood as bit sets. The bits obtained from each first encoded data stream are then distributed to W fourth encoded data streams. S0 is a positive integer. S1 may be a multiple of 2×q. For example, S1=2×q×W, where every 2×q×M consecutive bits in each fourth encoded data stream includes M bit sets, where the M bit sets are from different first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets includes 2×q consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0387] As an example to explain the data processing procedure in optical communication, S1=2×q×W and S0=2×q are used.

[0388] The bit data stream to be transmitted is input in a round-robin fashion into M FEC encoding process units, namely FEC encoding process 0, FEC encoding process 1, . . . , and FEC encoding process M-1.

[0389] W×(q×2) bits are obtained from each of the M first encoded data streams output by the M FEC encoding processing units, and a total of W×(q×2)×M bits are obtained. Next, the "wavelength allocation" process in FIG. 8A is performed on the M first encoded data streams. As a result, the W×(q×2)×M bits are distributed among the W fourth encoded data streams output through "wavelength allocation". Here, each output fourth encoded data stream contains (q×2)×M of the W×(q×2)×M bits. Symbol mapping and polarization distribution are performed on the (q×2)×M bits in each output fourth encoded data stream to obtain M double-polarization symbols. Here, q×2 bits are mapped to one double-polarization symbol. That is, in one polarization direction, q bits are mapped to one symbol. One transmission-scheduled second double-polarization symbol data stream is obtained by performing DSP framing processing on one first double-polarization symbol data stream output through polarization distribution.

[0390] In one example, the specific operation of the "wavelength allocation" process in FIG. 8A is as follows.

[0391] During the "wavelength allocation" process, a bit set

[0392]

Number

[0393] To obtain, q×2 bits are obtained in a round-robin manner from the M first encoded data streams output through the M paths of the FEC encoding process, where 0≦i<M and 0≦j<W. The bit set containing q×2 bits

[0394]

Number

[0395] is the j-th bit set, which contains q×2 bits and is obtained from the first encoded data stream output through the i-th path of the FEC encoding process. A total of W×(q×2)×M bits, that is,

[0396] [Number]

[0397] and

[0398] [Number]

[0399] are obtained.

[0400] Next, the output to the W fourth encoded data streams is executed in a round-robin manner at a granularity of M×(q×2) bits. That is, (q×2)×M bits

[0401] [Number]

[0402] and

[0403] [Number]

[0404] are output to the j-th (0≦j<W) fourth encoded data stream.

[0405] After the bit set is obtained, there is a difference between FIG. 8A and FIG. 5A in that, in a round-robin manner, the bit set is not merged into one encoded data stream but is directly distributed to W encoded data streams according to a rule from the M first encoded data streams output through the M paths of the FEC encoding process.

[0406] 8B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 8B is a reverse process of the procedure described in FIG. 8A. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in FIG. 8A.

[0407] The receiver device receives the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams and performs receiver DSP processing on each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams. Furthermore, polarization combining is performed on each of the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W fourth symbol data streams. A symbol demapping process is performed on each of the W fourth symbol data streams to obtain W fourth encoded data streams. q bits are obtained by performing symbol demapping on each symbol in each fourth symbol data stream. A wavelength merging process is then performed on the W fourth encoded data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams. An FEC decoding process is then performed on the M first encoded data streams to obtain bit data streams.

[0408] In the fifth implementation, wavelength distribution is performed after symbol mapping and before polarization distribution. "Bit group merging" is not performed separately. Figure 9A is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0409] The transmitter device performs M passes of parallel FEC encoding processing on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams. Then, a symbol mapping processing is performed on the M first encoded data streams to obtain one fifth symbol data stream. Then, a distribution processing is performed on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain W sixth symbol data streams. Furthermore, polarization distribution is performed on the W sixth symbol data stream to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams. Then, a DSP framing processing is performed on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams being second dual polarization symbol data stream 0 through second dual polarization symbol data stream W−1. Furthermore, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried and transmitted on W passes of optical signals having different wavelengths. Alternatively, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be transmitted over W optical fibers, respectively. Alternatively, W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are carried on W subcarriers respectively, digital subcarrier multiplexing is performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0410] In some embodiments, every 2×P consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on 2×P×q bits, where the 2×P×q bits are from at least two of the M first encoded data streams. Every 2×P×Z / W consecutive symbols out of 2×P×Z consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are distributed to one sixth symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

[0411] For example, P=M / 2, Z=W, and the M×q bits mapped to M consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are from the M first coded data streams, and every q / 2 consecutive bits among the M×q bits are from the same first coded data stream.

[0412] For example, P=M, Z=W / 2, and the 2×M×q bits mapped to 2×P consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are from the M first coded data streams, and every q / 2 consecutive bits among the M×q bits are from the same first coded data stream.

[0413] For example, P=M, Z=W, and the 2×M×q bits mapped to 2×P consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are from the M first coded data streams, and every 2×P bits in the 2×M×q bits are from the same first coded data stream.

[0414] As an example to explain the data processing procedure in optical communication, P=M and Z=W is used.

[0415] The bit data stream to be transmitted is input in a round-robin fashion into M FEC encoding process units, namely FEC encoding process 0, FEC encoding process 1, . . . , and FEC encoding process M-1.

[0416] W×(q×2) bits are obtained from each of the M first encoded data streams output by the M FEC encoding processing units, and a total of W×(q×2)×M bits are obtained. Through the symbol mapping process in FIG. 9A, every q×2 bits among all the W×(q×2)×M bits are mapped to two symbols in order to obtain W×2×M symbols. Further, the wavelength allocation process is to allocate the W×2×M symbols to W sixth symbol data streams, where 2×M of the W×2×M symbols are input into one sixth symbol data stream. M dual-polarization symbols are obtained by performing polarization allocation on the 2×M symbols in each sixth symbol data stream. One transmission-scheduled dual-polarization symbol data stream is obtained by performing DSP framing processing on one dual-polarization symbol data stream output through polarization allocation.

[0417] In one example, the "bit group merging" process is integrated into the "symbol mapping" process. As shown in FIG. 9A, the "symbol mapping" process is to obtain a bit set including q×2 consecutive bits

[0418]

Number

[0419] from the first encoded data streams output through the M paths of the FEC encoding process in a round-robin manner, where 0≦i<M and 0≦j<W. A bit set including q×2 bits

[0420]

Number

[0421] is the j-th bit set containing q×2 bits and obtained from the data stream output by the i-th FEC processor. There are a total of W×(q×2)×M bits, i.e.,

[0422]

number

[0423] , and

[0424]

number

[0425] Then, a total of W×M symbol sets (containing W×2×M symbols) are obtained, namely:

[0426]

number

[0427] , ..., and

[0428]

number

[0429] To obtain

[0430]

number

[0431] is a symbol set containing two symbols

[0432]

number

[0433] is mapped to

[0434] 9B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 9B is the reverse process of the procedure described in FIG. 9A. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in FIG. 9A.

[0435] The receiver device receives the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams. Receiver DSP processing is then performed on each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams. Furthermore, polarization combining is performed on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams. A merging process is then performed on the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain one fifth symbol data stream. Symbol demapping is then performed on the fifth symbol data stream, outputting it into M first encoded data streams. An FEC decoding process is then performed on the M first encoded data streams to obtain bit data streams.

[0436] 9C illustrates another specific implementation of "wavelength distribution performed after symbol mapping and before polarization distribution." The transmitter device performs M passes of parallel FEC encoding processing on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams. Then, a symbol mapping processing is performed on each of the M first encoded data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams. Then, wavelength distribution (also referred to as distribution processing) is performed on the M eleventh symbol data stream to obtain W sixth symbol data streams. Further, polarization distribution is performed on the W sixth symbol data stream to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams. Then, DSP framing processing is performed on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams being second dual polarization symbol data stream 0 through second dual polarization symbol data stream W-1. Furthermore, the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams may be carried and transmitted on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths. Alternatively, the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams may be transmitted over W optical fibers, respectively. Alternatively, the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams may be carried on W subcarriers, respectively, and digital subcarrier multiplexing may be performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path may be transmitted.

[0437] In some embodiments, every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in each sixth symbol data stream are from M eleventh symbol data streams, and the number of symbols in every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in a sixth symbol data stream that belong to each of the M eleventh symbol data streams is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0438] 9D is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 9D is the reverse process of the procedure described in FIG. 9C. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in FIG. 9C.

[0439] The receiver device receives the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams. Receiver DSP processing is then performed on each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams. Furthermore, polarization combining is then performed on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams. A merging operation is then performed on the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams. A symbol demapping operation is then performed on the M eleventh symbol data streams, outputting them into M first coded data streams. An FEC decoding operation is then performed on the M first coded data streams to obtain bit data streams.

[0440] In the sixth implementation, wavelength distribution is performed after polarization distribution. "Bit group merging" is not performed separately. Figure 10A is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0441] The transmitter device performs M passes of a parallel FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams, then performs a symbol mapping process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain one fifth symbol data stream, then performs polarization splitting on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain a fourth dual-polarized symbol data stream, and performs a splitting process on the fourth dual-polarized symbol data stream to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

[0442] In some embodiments, every 2×P consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on 2×P×q bits, where the 2×P×q bits are from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and the number of bits in the 2×P×q bits belonging to each of the M first encoded data streams is the same. Every P×Z / W consecutive dual polarization symbols among the P×Z consecutive dual polarization symbols in the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream are distributed to one sixth symbol data stream, where P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

[0443] For example, P=M, Z=W, and the 2×M×q bits mapped to 2×P consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are from the M first coded data streams, and every 2×q bits in the 2×M×q bits are from the same first coded data stream.

[0444] As an example to explain the data processing procedure in optical communication, P=M and Z=W is used.

[0445] The bit data stream to be transmitted is input in a round-robin fashion into M FEC encoding process units, namely FEC encoding process 0, FEC encoding process 1, . . . , and FEC encoding process M-1.

[0446] W×(q×2) bits are obtained from each of the M first coded data streams output by the M FEC coding processing units, resulting in a total of W×(q×2)×M bits. Through the symbol mapping process in FIG. 10A, every q×2 bits among every W×(q×2)×M bits are mapped to two symbols to obtain W×2×M symbols. Furthermore, the polarization distribution process distributes the W×2×M symbols as W×M dual polarization symbols. The W×M dual polarization symbols are distributed to W first dual polarization symbol data streams through wavelength distribution. The M dual polarization symbols are distributed to each first dual polarization symbol data stream. The (q×2)×M bits mapped to the M dual polarization symbols are from the M first coded data streams.

[0447] In one example, for the "symbol mapping" process in Fig. 10A, please refer to the specific description of "symbol mapping" in Fig. 9A in the above fifth implementation form, and the details will not be described again in this specification.

[0448] Fig. 10B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9B is the reverse process of the procedure described in Fig. 9A. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related description in Fig. 10A.

[0449] The receiver device receives the W second dual polarization symbol data streams. A receiver DSP deframing process is then performed on each of the W second dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams. Further, a merging process is performed on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain a fourth dual polarization symbol data stream. Polarization combining is then performed on the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream to obtain a fifth symbol data stream. Symbol demapping is then performed on the fifth symbol data stream and output into M first encoded data streams. An FEC decoding process is then performed on the M first encoded data streams to obtain bit data streams.

[0450] FIG. 10C illustrates another specific implementation of "wavelength distribution is performed after polarization distribution." The transmitter device performs M paths of parallel FEC encoding processing on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams. Then, a symbol mapping processing is performed on each of the M first encoded data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams. Then, polarization distribution is performed on each of the M eleventh symbol data streams to obtain M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams, and a distribution processing is performed on the M seventh dual polarization symbol data stream to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams. Then, DSP framing processing is performed on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams being second dual polarization symbol data stream 0 through second dual polarization symbol data stream W-1. Furthermore, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths and transmitted. Alternatively, the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are each transmitted over W optical fibers. Alternatively, the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are each carried on W subcarriers, and digital subcarrier multiplexing is performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0451] In some embodiments, every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in each first dual polarization symbol data stream are from M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams, and the number of symbols belonging to each of the M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams among every S1×M / W consecutive symbols in the first dual polarization symbol data stream is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0452] In some embodiments, M seventh dual-polarization symbol data streams, namely, the seventh dual-polarization symbol data stream 0 to the seventh dual-polarization symbol data stream M-1, are obtained through polarization distribution processing. (Also called distribution processing) Wavelength distribution means obtaining W dual-polarization symbols from each seventh dual-polarization symbol data stream, that is, W dual-polarization symbols from the seventh dual-polarization symbol data stream j, where 0 ≦ j < M. A total of M × W dual-polarization symbols are obtained. Wavelength distribution means outputting M × W dual-polarization symbols to W output first dual-polarization symbol data streams, where M dual-polarization symbols are output to one output first dual-polarization symbol data stream. In a specific implementation, M dual-polarization symbols among the M × W dual-polarization symbols

[0453]

Number

[0454] , and

[0455]

Number

[0456] are obtained, provided that 0 ≦ j < M. A total of M × W dual-polarization symbols are obtained. Wavelength distribution means outputting M × W dual-polarization symbols to W output first dual-polarization symbol data streams, where M dual-polarization symbols are output to one output first dual-polarization symbol data stream. In a specific implementation, M dual-polarization symbols among the M × W dual-polarization symbols

[0457]

Number

[0458] , and

[0459]

Number

[0460] are output to the first dual-polarization symbol data stream k, provided that 0 ≦ k < W.

[0461] 10D is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 10D is the reverse process of the procedure described in FIG. 10C. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in FIG. 10C.

[0462] The receiver device receives the W second dual polarization symbol data streams. A receiver DSP de-framing process is then performed on each of the W second dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams. Further, a merging process is performed on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams. Polarization combining is then performed on the M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams. Symbol demapping is then performed on the M eleventh symbol data streams and output into M first encoded data streams. An FEC decoding process is then performed on the M first encoded data streams to obtain bit data streams.

[0463] In some possible implementation scenarios, M satisfies the case where M is an integer multiple of W. Furthermore, in the process of performing subsequent first data processing on the M first encoded data streams obtained through the FEC encoding process, the M first encoded data streams may be first merged into W data streams, and then subsequent processing, for example, an exchange process between the W data streams, is performed to finally obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams. It should be noted that in some descriptions, the exchange process may also be referred to by other names, for example, a data exchange process, a data interleaving process, or a permutation process. This is not particularly limited in this specification. In the subsequent description of this application, the exchange process is used as an example for explanation. The following describes some possible implementation forms by using examples.

[0464] In the seventh implementation, an example is used in which wavelength distribution is performed before symbol mapping. Wavelength distribution and "bit group merging" are processed separately. M = b × W, where b is an integer greater than 1.

[0465] FIG. 11A is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0466] The transmitter device performs M passes of a parallel FEC encoding process on one or more bit data streams to obtain b×W first coded data streams. In FIG. 11A , one bit data stream is used as an example. A “bit group merging” is performed on every b first coded data streams among the b×W first coded data streams to obtain W sixth coded data streams. Then, a swapping process is performed on the W sixth coded data streams to obtain W seventh coded data streams. Each of the W sixth coded data streams contains only bits of the b first coded data streams. Through the swapping process, each of the W sixth coded data streams may contain bits of the b×W first coded data streams. This may be understood as the bits of the b×W first coded data streams being evenly allocated to the W seventh coded data streams through the swapping. Further, a symbol mapping process is performed on each of the W seventh encoded data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams, and polarization splitting is performed on each of the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams. Then, a DSP framing process is performed on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, where the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are second dual polarization symbol data stream 0 through second dual polarization symbol data stream W-1. Further, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried and transmitted on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths. Alternatively, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be transmitted through W optical fibers, respectively. Alternatively, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried on W subcarriers, and digital subcarrier multiplexing is performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0467] In some embodiments, every L3 consecutive bits in each seventh encoded data stream are from the b×W first encoded data streams, where L3 is a positive integer.

[0468] For example, every b consecutive sets of bits in each sixth encoded data stream are from b first encoded data streams, and each of the b sets of bits includes S0 consecutive bits from the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer. L3 is an integer multiple of S0 x a. For example, L3 is W times S0 x a. S0 is an integer multiple of q, for example, S0 = 2 x q.

[0469] FIG. 11B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0470] The receiver device performs polarization distribution on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams, then performs a symbol demapping operation on the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain W seventh encoded data streams, further performs an inverse exchange operation on the W seventh encoded data streams to obtain W sixth encoded data streams, then performs bit distribution on the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams, where each sixth encoded data stream is distributed into b first encoded data streams, and then performs an FEC decoding operation on each of the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain one or more bit data streams.

[0471] In the eighth implementation, wavelength distribution is performed after symbol mapping and before polarization distribution. Wavelength distribution and "bit group merging" are processed separately. M = b × W, where b is an integer greater than 1.

[0472] The transmitter device performs M passes of a parallel FEC encoding process on one or more bit data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams. In FIG. 12A , one bit data stream is used as an example. A “bit group merging” process is performed on every b first encoded data streams among the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain W sixth encoded data streams. A symbol mapping process is then performed on each of the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain W seventh symbol data streams. A swapping process is then performed on the W seventh symbol data streams to obtain W eighth symbol data streams. Each of the W seventh symbol data streams contains only bits of the b first encoded data streams. A swapping process is then performed on the W seventh symbol data streams to obtain W eighth symbol data streams. Through the swapping process, each of the W eighth symbol data streams may contain bits of the b×W first encoded data streams. This may be understood as the bits of the b×W first encoded data streams being evenly allocated to the W eighth symbol data streams through the exchange. Furthermore, polarization splitting is performed on each of the W eighth symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams. Then, DSP framing processing is performed on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, where the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are second dual polarization symbol data stream 0 through second dual polarization symbol data stream W−1. Furthermore, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried and transmitted on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths. Alternatively, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are each transmitted through W optical fibers.Alternatively, W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are carried on W subcarriers respectively, digital subcarrier multiplexing is performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0473] In some embodiments, every D1 consecutive symbols in the eighth symbol data stream is obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on D1×q bits, where D1 is a positive even integer. For example, D1 may alternatively be expressed as 2×L4, where L4 is a positive integer. The L4×2×q bits are from the b×W first encoded data streams. For example, the number of bits in the L4×2×q bits is the same from each of the b×W first encoded data streams. Every L4×2×q / (b×W) consecutive bits in the L4×2×q bits are from the same first encoded data stream.

[0474] For example, when b first coded data streams are merged into one sixth coded data stream, S0 consecutive bits may be obtained from each of the b first coded data streams in a round-robin manner, resulting in a total of S0×b bits. The S0 bits may alternatively be understood as bit sets. That is, every b consecutive bit set in the sixth coded data stream is from the b first coded data streams, and each b bit set includes S0 consecutive bits from the same first coded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer. Furthermore, symbol mapping is performed on every q bits among the S0×M consecutive bits in the sixth coded data stream to obtain one symbol. In this case, every S0×b×W consecutive bits in the sixth coded data stream are mapped to S0×b×W / q symbols in the seventh symbol data stream. The U×S0×b / q consecutive symbols in the eighth symbol data stream are from the W seventh symbol data streams. L4 may be an integer multiple of S0×b / q. In one example, L2=S0×b×W / q, and the L4×2×q bits include b×W sets of bits from the b×W first encoded data streams. For example, S0 may be a multiple of q. For example, S0=q. In another example, S0=2×q.

[0475] 12B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 12B is a reverse process of the procedure described in FIG. 12A. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in FIG. 12A.

[0476] The receiver device receives the W second dual polarization symbol data streams, performs receiver DSP processing on each of the W second dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams, performs polarization combining on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W eighth symbol data streams, performs a reverse exchange processing on the W eighth symbol data streams to obtain W seventh symbol data streams, then performs a symbol demapping processing on each of the W seventh symbol data streams to obtain W sixth encoded data streams, and further performs bit distribution on the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams, where bit distribution is performed on each of the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain b first encoded data streams, and then performs FEC decoding processing on the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain one or more bit data streams.

[0477] In the ninth implementation, wavelength distribution is performed after polarization distribution. Wavelength distribution and "bit group merging" are processed separately. M=b×W. Figure 13A is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0478] The transmitter device performs b×W passes of a parallel FEC encoding process on one or more (e.g., b×W) to-be-transmitted bit data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams, then performs “bit group merging” on every b first encoded data streams among the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain one sixth encoded data stream, thereby obtaining W sixth encoded data streams, and then performs a symbol mapping process on each of the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain W seventh symbol data streams. The optical signal processing unit 100 may further perform polarization splitting on each of the W seventh symbol data streams to obtain W fifth dual polarization symbol data streams, then perform switching processing on the W fifth dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams, and then perform DSP framing processing on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams being second dual polarization symbol data stream 0 through second dual polarization symbol data stream W-1. Furthermore, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried and transmitted on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths. Alternatively, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be transmitted through W optical fibers, respectively. Alternatively, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried on W subcarriers, and digital subcarrier multiplexing may be performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0479] For example, when b first coded data streams are merged into one sixth coded data stream, S0 consecutive bits may be obtained from each of the b first coded data streams in a round-robin manner, resulting in a total of S0×b bits. The S0 bits may alternatively be understood as bit sets. That is, every b consecutive bit set in the sixth coded data stream is from the b first coded data streams, and each b bit set includes S0 consecutive bits from the same first coded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer. Furthermore, symbol mapping is performed on every q bits among the S0×M consecutive bits in the sixth coded data stream to obtain one symbol. In this case, every S0×M consecutive bits in the sixth coded data stream is obtained by multiplying the q bits in the seventh coded data stream by the S0×M consecutive bits in the seventh coded data stream.

[0480]

number

[0481] When polarization distribution is performed, every two symbols among the S0×b / q symbols are distributed as one dual polarization symbol, that is, each dual polarization symbol in the fifth dual polarization symbol data stream includes two symbols, and the two symbols are distributed in different polarization directions.

[0482] The S0×b×W / (2×q) dual polarization symbols in the first dual polarization symbol data stream are from the W fifth dual polarization symbol data streams. For example, in one polarization direction, P consecutive symbols in the first dual polarization symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q×P bits, where the q×P bits are from at least two of the b×W first encoded data streams. P is an integer multiple of S0×b / (2×q). For example, S0 may be a multiple of q. For example, S0=q. In another example, S0=2×q. For example, if S0=2×q and P=M, the q×P bits are from the b×W first encoded data streams.

[0483] 13B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 13B is the reverse process of the procedure described in FIG. 13A. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in FIG. 13A.

[0484] The receiver device receives the W second dual polarization symbol data streams, then performs receiver DSP processing on each of the W second dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams, performs a reverse exchange processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W fifth dual polarization symbol data streams, then performs polarization combining on the W fifth dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W seventh symbol data streams, further performs a symbol demapping processing on the W seventh symbol data streams to obtain W sixth encoded data streams, then performs bit distribution on the W sixth encoded data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams, and then performs FEC decoding processing on the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain one or more bit data streams.

[0485] In the tenth implementation, wavelength distribution is performed after symbol mapping and before polarization distribution. "Bit group merging" is not performed separately. M=b×W. Figure 14A is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0486] The transmitter device performs b×W passes of a parallel FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain b×W first encoded data streams, and then performs a symbol mapping process on every b first encoded data streams among the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain W ninth symbol data streams, where it can be understood that the b×W first encoded data streams are distributed into W groups, each group having b first encoded data streams, and there are W units for performing the symbol mapping process, i.e., W symbol mapping units are included, and each symbol mapping unit performs the symbol mapping process on one group of the first encoded data streams, and each of the W ninth symbol data streams includes only bits of the b first encoded data streams; and then, performing a switching process on the W ninth symbol data streams to obtain tenth symbol data streams, where through the switching process, each of the W tenth symbol data streams may include bits of the b×W first encoded data streams, which may be understood as through switching, the bits of the b×W first encoded data streams being evenly allocated to the W tenth symbol data streams; further performing polarization splitting on the W tenth symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams; and then performing DSP framing processing on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, where the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are second dual polarization symbol data stream 0 through second dual polarization symbol data stream W−1. Furthermore, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths and may be transmitted. Alternatively, the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are transmitted over W optical fibers, respectively.Alternatively, W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are carried on W subcarriers respectively, digital subcarrier multiplexing is performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0487] In some embodiments, every S2 consecutive symbols in the ninth symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on S2×q bits, where the S2×q bits are from the b first encoded data streams. Every S2×Z1 consecutive symbols in each tenth symbol data stream are from at least two ninth symbol data streams. For example, Z1=W. That is, every S2×W consecutive symbols in each tenth symbol data stream are from M ninth symbol data streams.

[0488] For example, S2=b, Z1=W, and the b×W×q bits mapped to b×W consecutive symbols in the tenth symbol data stream are from the M first coded data streams, and every q / 2 consecutive bits in the b×W×q bits are from the same first coded data stream.

[0489] In another example, S2=2×b, Z1=W, and the b×W×q bits mapped to b×W consecutive symbols in the tenth symbol data stream are from M first coded data streams, and every q consecutive bits in the b×W×q bits are from the same first coded data stream.

[0490] 14B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 14B is a reverse process of the procedure described in FIG. 14A. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in FIG. 14A.

[0491] The receiver device receives the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams, performs receiver DSP processing on each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams, performs polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W tenth symbol data streams, then performs an inverse exchange processing on the W tenth symbol data streams to obtain W ninth symbol data streams, performs a symbol demapping processing on the W ninth symbol data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams, and then performs an FEC decoding processing on the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain one or more bit data streams.

[0492] In the eleventh implementation, wavelength distribution is performed after polarization distribution. "Bit group merging" is not performed separately. b × W = M. Figure 15A is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0493] The transmitter device performs b×W passes of a parallel FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain b×W first encoded data streams, and then performs a symbol mapping process on every b first encoded data streams among the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain W ninth symbol data streams, where it can be understood that the b×W first encoded data streams are distributed into W groups, each group having b first encoded data streams, and there are W units for performing the symbol mapping process, i.e., W symbol mapping units are included, and each symbol mapping unit maps a first encoded data stream to a symbol. It can be understood that the method performs a symbol mapping process on one group of W optical fibers, then performs polarization splitting on each of the W ninth symbol data streams to obtain W sixth dual polarization symbol data streams, performs a switching process on the W sixth dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams, and then performs DSP framing process on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams being second dual polarization symbol data stream 0 through second dual polarization symbol data stream W-1. Furthermore, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried and transmitted on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths. Alternatively, the W second dual polarization symbol data streams may be transmitted over W optical fibers, respectively. Alternatively, W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are carried on W subcarriers respectively, digital subcarrier multiplexing is performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0494] In some embodiments, every S2 consecutive symbols in the ninth symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on S2×q bits, where the S2×q bits are from the b first encoded data streams. In one polarization direction, every S2×Z1 consecutive symbols in each first dual polarization symbol data stream are from at least two ninth symbol data streams. For example, Z1=W. That is, in one polarization direction, every S2×W consecutive symbols in each first dual polarization symbol data stream are from the M ninth symbol data streams.

[0495] For example, S2=b, Z1=W, and the b×W×q bits mapped to b×W consecutive symbols in the first dual polarization data stream are from the M first encoded data streams in the polarization direction, and every q / 2 consecutive bits among the b×W×q bits are from the same first encoded data stream.

[0496] In another example, S2=2×b, Z1=W, and the b×W×q bits mapped to b×W consecutive symbols in the tenth symbol data stream are from M first coded data streams, and every q consecutive bits in the b×W×q bits are from the same first coded data stream.

[0497] Figure 15B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 15B is the reverse process of the procedure described in Figure 15A. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in Figure 15A.

[0498] The receiver device receives the W second dual polarization symbol data streams, performs receiver DSP processing on each of the W second dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W first dual polarization symbol data streams, performs a reverse exchange processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W sixth dual polarization symbol data streams, then performs polarization combining on each of the W sixth dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W ninth symbol data streams, then performs a symbol demapping processing on the W ninth symbol data streams to obtain b×W first encoded data streams, and then performs an FEC decoding processing on the b×W first encoded data streams to obtain one or more bit data streams.

[0499] The following describes the FEC encoding procedure in the embodiment of the present application.

[0500] In some possible application scenarios, the M paths of the parallel FEC encoding process (0, 1, ..., or M-1) may include FEC encoding and interleaving. In particular, after FEC encoding is performed, the encoded data stream is further input to an interleaver for interleaving to scramble the data order, thereby improving burst resistance. For example, an open FEC code or a CFEC code is used for FEC encoding.

[0501] In one example, the coding overhead (OH for short) corresponding to FEC coding is:

[0502]

number

[0503] OH may be approximately 15.315%. As shown in FIG. 16, each FEC encoding processing unit (0, 1, ..., or M-1) includes two FEC encoding units and one FEC interleaving unit. In this case, there are a total of 2M FEC encoders and M interleavers, which are FEC encoders 0 to 2M-1 and interleavers 0 to M-1. Each FEC encoding unit performs FEC encoding on 3552 input bits to obtain 4096 output bits. One FEC interleaving unit performs block interleaving on the output bits of the two FEC encoders to improve burst resistance. The block size of the FEC interleaver is 172032 bits.

[0504] For example, an input bit data stream to be coded is input into 2M FEC coding units in a round-robin manner at a granularity of 1 bit.

[0505] In another example, the coding redundancy (overhead, OH for short) corresponding to an FEC coding unit is

[0506]

number

[0507] That is, OH is roughly 17.895%. For example, each FEC encoding unit performs FEC encoding on 3040 input bits to obtain 3584 output bits.

[0508] In yet another example, the OH of the FEC encoding unit is

[0509]

number

[0510] That is, OH is roughly 21.519%. For example, each FEC encoding unit performs FEC encoding on 2528 input bits to obtain 3072 output bits.

[0511] In yet another example, the OH of the FEC encoding unit is

[0512]

number

[0513] That is, OH is approximately 26.984%. For example, each FEC encoding unit performs FEC encoding on 2016 input bits to obtain 2560 output bits.

[0514] In some application scenarios, the FEC encoding process (0, 1, ..., or M-1) further includes a probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) process. For example, the bit data streams to be transmitted input into each FEC encoder include a first bit data stream and a second bit data stream. The first bit data stream is a data stream obtained through PCS processing, and the occurrence probabilities of bits 0 and 1 in the first bit data stream are unequal. The second bit data stream is a data stream obtained without PCS processing, and the occurrence probabilities of bits 0 and 1 in the second bit data stream are equal.

[0515] The following describes the solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application for specific application scenarios. In the following scenarios 1 to 3, the fourth implementation form is used for distribution processing as an example. Other implementation forms may be described above. The details will not be described again in this specification.

[0516] Scenario 1: For example, M=4, 16QAM (q=4) is used for symbol mapping, and W=2. For example, OFEC code is used for FEC encoding. Figure 17 is a diagram of a data transmission procedure provided in Scenario 1 according to an embodiment of the present application. M=4, correspondingly, eight OFEC encoding units (also called OFEC encoders) and four interleaving units (also called interleavers) are included. In Scenario 1, the fourth implementation form is used for distribution processing as an example. The transmitter device includes an encoder and a first data processor. The encoder includes four FEC encoding processors.

[0517] See Figure 17. The M=4 FEC encoding processors are FEC encoding processor 0, FEC encoding processor 1, FEC encoding processor 2, and FEC encoding processor 3. Each FEC encoding processor includes two OFEC encoders and one OFEC interleaver. DP-16QAM modulation and dual wavelength transmission are considered, i.e., W=2.

[0518] The input bit data stream to be transmitted is input to 2M=8 OFEC encoders, namely, OFEC encoder 0, OFEC encoder 1, ..., and OFEC encoder 7, in a round-robin manner with a granularity of 1 bit. Each OFEC encoder performs OFEC encoding on 3552 input bits to obtain 4096 output bits. The output bits of every two OFEC encoders are input to an OFEC interleaver for block interleaving to improve burst resistance capability. The block size of the OFEC interleaver is 172032 bits.

[0519] The outputs of the four OFEC interleavers are input into a first data processor. The first data processor performs first data processing, including wavelength distribution, symbol mapping, polarization distribution, etc. For example, the first data processor may include a wavelength distribution unit, a symbol mapping unit, and a polarization distribution unit to perform the above operations. The wavelength distribution unit obtains W×(q×2)=2×(4×2)=16 bits from each of the coded data streams 1_0 to 1_3 output by the M=4 FEC coding processors to obtain a total of W×(q×2)×M=2×(4×2)×4=64 bits. The wavelength distribution unit distributes every 64 input bits to two output coded data streams 2_0 and 2_1, where 32 bits are distributed to the output coded data stream 2_0 and the other 32 bits are distributed to the other output coded data stream 2_1. Possible implementations are as follows: That is, for the jth (0≦j<2) operation, the wavelength distribution unit generates a bit set containing q×2=4×2=8 bits.

[0520]

number

[0521] is obtained in a round-robin manner from the coded data streams 1_0 to 1_3 output by M=4 FEC coding processors, where 0≦i<4 and 0≦j<2. A bit set containing q×2=8 bits

[0522]

number

[0523] is the j-th set of bits, which contains q×2=8 bits and is obtained from the coded data stream 1_i output by the ith FEC coding processor. A total of (q×2)×M=(4×2)×4=32 bits are obtained at this time of operation, and (q×2)×M=(4×2)×4=32 bits are output to the j-th (0≦j<2) output coded data stream 2_j. Over W=2 operations, 16 bits are obtained from the coded data streams output by each FEC coding processor, for a total of 64 bits. The wavelength distribution unit

[0524]

number

[0525] , and

[0526]

number

[0527] to the coded data stream 2_0, and the other 32 bits

[0528]

number

[0529] , and

[0530]

number

[0531] is output to the coded data stream 2_1.

[0532] 32 bits in the jth (0≦j<2) output coded data stream 2_j

[0533]

number

[0534] , and

[0535]

number

[0536] is input into the symbol mapping for DP-16QAM modulation, where every q × 2 = 8 bits

[0537]

number

[0538] But two symbols

[0539]

number

[0540] are mapped to a total of eight symbols

[0541]

number

[0542] , and

[0543]

number

[0544] is obtained.

[0545] The polarization distribution unit has four dual polarization symbols

[0546]

number

[0547] , and

[0548]

number

[0549] The eight symbols output by the symbol mapping unit to obtain

[0550]

number

[0551] , and

[0552]

number

[0553] where one dual polarization symbol

[0554]

number

[0555] is two symbols

[0556]

number

[0557] is obtained by performing polarization distribution on

[0558] Dual Polarization 16QAM (DP-16QAM) Modulation Symbols

[0559]

number

[0560] is an 8-bit

[0561]

number

[0562] More specifically, (c0, c2) is the DP-16QAM symbol in X polarization.

[0563]

number

[0564] and (c4,c6) is the DP-16QAM symbol in X polarization.

[0565]

number

[0566] and (c1,c3) is the DP-16QAM symbol in Y polarization.

[0567]

number

[0568] and (c5,c7) is the DP-16QAM symbol in Y polarization.

[0569]

number

[0570] In one example, two bits are mapped to the I-phase component or the Q-phase component, and a Gray mapping rule may be used, in which two bits {0,0} are mapped to −3, {0,1} are mapped to −1, {1,1} are mapped to +1, and {1,0} are mapped to +3. In this case, the symbol mapping is also called Gray mapping.

[0571] To obtain a dual polarization symbol data stream to be transmitted, thereby obtaining dual polarization symbol data stream 0 and dual polarization symbol data stream 1, a DSP framing process is performed on the two dual polarization symbol data streams obtained through the polarization distribution process. More specifically, the DSP framing process involves inserting symbols such as FAW, TS, RES, and PS into every 172,032 dual polarization symbols (also called payload dual polarization symbols) in the dual polarization symbol data stream obtained through the polarization distribution process to obtain 175,104 dual polarization symbols to be transmitted. The 175,104 dual polarization symbols to be transmitted are also called one super-frame.

[0572] It should be noted that in some specific applications, the FEC process further includes a Probabilistic Constellation Shaping (PCS) process. More specifically, a data stream not input into OFEC encoding includes two parts. One part is bit data obtained through PCS processing, in which bits 0 and 1 of the bit data have unequal occurrence probabilities. The other part is bit data obtained without PCS processing, in which bits 0 and 1 of the bit data have equal occurrence probabilities. In a specific scenario, as shown in FIG. 18 , the OFEC encoder encodes 3552 bits to be coded to obtain 4096 coded bits, in which 2048 of the 3552 bits to be coded are obtained through PCS processing and the other 1504 bits are obtained without PCS processing.

[0573] The data processing procedure shown in Scenario 1 can achieve a transmission rate of 1.6T. In the data processing procedure shown in Scenario 1, the rate of the input data stream on which FEC encoding is to be performed is approximately 1.6T. The rate of each dual-polarized symbol data stream to be transmitted is approximately 946 Gbps, which is the same as the existing 800ZR rate. The wavelength distribution in FIG. 17 is removed, and the outputs of OFEC interleaver 0 and OFEC interleaver 1 are input into one path of symbol mapping, and the outputs of OFEC interleaver 2 and OFEC interleaver 3 are input into one path of symbol mapping. As shown in FIG. 19, this may be considered as two paths of 800G service transmission, and two paths of 800ZR transmission may be implemented. It may be noted that the proposed data processing solution may be effectively compatible with 800ZR and future 1.6T transmission.

[0574] Scenario 2: For example, M=4, 16QAM is used for symbol mapping, and W=2. For example, OFEC code is used for FEC encoding. FIG. 20 is a diagram of a data transmission procedure provided in Scenario 2 according to an embodiment of the present application. M=4, correspondingly including eight OFEC encoding units (also referred to as OFEC encoders) and four interleaving units (also referred to as interleavers). The wavelength distribution scheme in Scenario 2 is different from that in Scenario 1. The transmitter device includes an encoder and a first data processor. The encoder includes four FEC encoding processors. See FIG. 20. The M=4 FEC encoding processors are FEC encoding processor 0, FEC encoding processor 1, FEC encoding processor 2, and FEC encoding processor 3. Each FEC encoding processor includes two OFEC encoders and one OFEC interleaver. DP-16QAM modulation and dual-wavelength transmission are considered. That is, W=2. Scenario 2 and Scenario 1 use different wavelength distribution schemes.

[0575] In Scenario 2, the wavelength distribution unit obtains W×q=2×4=8 bits from each of the coded data streams 1_0 to 1_3 output by the M=4 FEC encoding processors to obtain a total of W×q×M=32 bits. The wavelength distribution unit distributes the 32 bits to two output coded data streams 3_0 and 3_1, where 16 bits are distributed to output coded data stream 3_0 and the other 16 bits are distributed to the other output coded data stream 3_1. A specific implementation is as follows: For the jth (0≦j<2) operation, "wavelength distribution" means dividing q=4 bits into q=4 bits.

[0576]

number

[0577] in a round-robin fashion from the coded data streams output by M=4 FEC coding processors, where 0≦i<4 and 0≦j<2. q=a bit set containing 4 bits

[0578]

number

[0579] is the jth group of q=4 bits taken from the coded data stream 1_i output by the ith FEC coding processor. A total of q×M=4×4=16 bits are taken at this time in the operation. q×M=4×4=16 bits are output in the jth (0≦j<2) coded data stream 3_j. Over W=2 operations, 8 bits are taken from the coded data streams output by each FEC coding processor, resulting in 16 bits.

[0580]

number

[0581] , and

[0582]

number

[0583] is output to the 0th output coded data stream 3_0, and the other 16 bits

[0584]

number

[0585] , and

[0586]

number

[0587] is output to the first output coded data stream 3_1.

[0588] 16 bits in the jth (0≦j<2) output coded data stream 3_j

[0589]

number

[0590] , and

[0591]

number

[0592] is input into the symbol mapping for DP-16QAM modulation, where every q × 2 = 8 bits

[0593]

number

[0594] But two symbols

[0595]

number

[0596] are mapped to a total of four symbols

[0597]

number

[0598] and

[0599]

number

[0600] is obtained.

[0601] "Polarization distribution" means two dual polarization symbols

[0602]

number

[0603] and

[0604]

number

[0605] To obtain the four symbols output through "symbol mapping",

[0606]

number

[0607] and

[0608]

number

[0609] where one dual polarization symbol

[0610]

number

[0611] is two symbols

[0612]

number

[0613] , which may be understood as two consecutive symbols in the dual polarization symbol data stream coming from the four coded data streams 1_0 to 1_3 in one polarization direction.

[0614] Scenario 3: For example, M=2, 16QAM (q=4) is used for symbol mapping, and W=2. For example, OFEC code is used for FEC encoding. Figure 21 is a diagram of a data transmission procedure provided in Scenario 3 according to an embodiment of the present application. M=2, correspondingly, four OFEC encoding units (also called OFEC encoders) and two interleaving units (also called interleavers) are included. In Scenario 3, the fourth implementation form is used for distribution processing as an example. The transmitter device includes an encoder and a first data processor. The encoder includes four FEC encoding processors.

[0615] See 21. The M=2 FEC encoding processors are FEC encoding processor 0 and FEC encoding processor 1. Each FEC encoding processor includes two OFEC encoders and one OFEC interleaver. DP-16QAM modulation and dual wavelength transmission are considered, i.e., W=2.

[0616] The input bit data stream to be coded is input to 2M=4 OFEC encoders, namely, OFEC encoder 0, OFEC encoder 1, OFEC encoder 2, and OFEC encoder 3, in a round-robin manner with a granularity of 1 bit. Each OFEC encoder performs OFEC coding on 3552 input bits to obtain 4096 output bits. The output bits of every two OFEC encoders are input to an OFEC interleaver for block interleaving to improve burst resistance capability. The block size of the OFEC interleaver is 172032 bits.

[0617] The outputs of the two OFEC interleavers are input into a first data processing, where the first data processing includes wavelength distribution, symbol mapping, polarization distribution, DSP framing, etc. The wavelength distribution unit obtains W×(q×2)=2×(4×2)=16 bits from each of the coded data streams 4_0 and 4_1 output by the M=2 FEC encoding processors to obtain a total of W×(q×2)×M=2×(4×2)×2=32 bits. The wavelength distribution unit distributes the 32 bits to two output coded data streams 5_0 and 5_1, where 16 bits are distributed to one of the output coded data streams. A specific implementation is as follows: For the jth (0≦j<2) operation, the wavelength distribution unit distributes q×2=4×2=8 bits in a round-robin manner from the coded data streams 4_0 and 4_1 output by the M=2 FEC encoding processors.

[0618]

number

[0619] where 0≦i<2 and 0≦j<2. A bit set containing q×2=8 bits

[0620]

number

[0621] is the jth group of q×2=8 bits taken from the coded data stream 4_i output by the ith FEC processor. A total of (q×2)×M=(4×2)×2=16 bits are taken at this time in the operation. (q×2)×M=(4×2)×2=16 bits are output in the jth (0≦j<2) output coded data stream 5_j. Over W=2 operations, 16 bits are taken from the coded data streams output by each FEC coding processor. In addition, 32 bits

[0622]

number

[0623] and

[0624]

number

[0625] is output to the 0th output coded data stream 5_0, and the other 32 bits

[0626]

number

[0627] and

[0628]

number

[0629] is output to the first output coded data stream 5_1.

[0630] 16 bits in the jth (0≦j<2) output coded data stream 5_j

[0631]

number

[0632] and

[0633]

number

[0634] is input into the symbol mapping for DP-16QAM modulation, where every q × 2 = 8 bits

[0635]

number

[0636] But two symbols

[0637]

number

[0638] are mapped to a total of four symbols

[0639]

number

[0640] and

[0641]

number

[0642] is obtained.

[0643] "Polarization distribution" means two dual polarization symbols

[0644]

number

[0645] and

[0646]

number

[0647] To obtain the four symbols output through "symbol mapping",

[0648]

number

[0649] and

[0650]

number

[0651] where one dual polarization symbol

[0652]

number

[0653] is two symbols

[0654]

number

[0655] is obtained by performing polarization distribution on

[0656] Dual Polarization 16QAM (DP-16QAM) Modulation Symbols

[0657]

number

[0658] is an 8-bit

[0659]

number

[0660] More specifically, (c0, c2) is the DP-16QAM symbol in X polarization.

[0661]

number

[0662] and (c4,c6) is the DP-16QAM symbol in X polarization.

[0663]

number

[0664] and (c1,c3) is the DP-16QAM symbol in Y polarization.

[0665]

number

[0666] and (c5,c7) is the DP-16QAM symbol in Y polarization.

[0667]

number

[0668] is mapped to the quadrature-phase component of

[0669] To obtain a dual polarization symbol data stream to be transmitted, thereby obtaining dual polarization symbol data stream 0 and dual polarization symbol data stream 1, a DSP framing process is performed on the two dual polarization symbol data streams obtained through the polarization distribution process. More specifically, the DSP framing process involves inserting symbols such as FAW, TS, RES, and PS into every 172,032 dual polarization symbols (also called payload dual polarization symbols) in the dual polarization symbol data stream obtained through the polarization distribution process to obtain 175,104 dual polarization symbols to be transmitted. The 175,104 dual polarization symbols to be transmitted are also called one super-frame.

[0670] It should be noted that in some specific applications, the FEC encoding process may further include a probabilistic constellation shaping PCS process. More specifically, a data stream not input into OFEC encoding includes two parts. One part is bit data obtained through PCS processing, and the occurrence probabilities of 0 and 1 in the bit data are not equal. The other part is bit data obtained without PCS processing, and the occurrence probabilities of 0 and 1 in the bit data are equal. In a specific scenario, OFEC encoding is to encode 3552 bits to be encoded to obtain 4096 coded bits, where 2048 of the 3552 bits to be encoded are obtained through PCS processing.

[0671] Scenario 4: For example, M=4, 16QAM (q=4) is used for symbol mapping, and W=4. For example, OFEC code is used for FEC encoding. Figure 22 is a diagram of a data transmission procedure provided in Scenario 4 according to an embodiment of the present application. M=4, correspondingly, eight OFEC encoding units (also called OFEC encoders) and four interleaving units (also called interleavers) are included. The transmitter device includes an encoder and a first data processor. The encoder includes four FEC encoding processors.

[0672] See Figure 22. The M=4 FEC encoding processors (i.e., FEC encoding processing units in the figure) are FEC encoding processor 0, FEC encoding processor 1, FEC encoding processor 2, and FEC encoding processor 3. Each FEC encoding processor (FEC encoding processing unit) includes two OFEC encoders and one OFEC interleaver. DP-16QAM modulation is considered, and W=4.

[0673] The input bit data stream to be transmitted is input to 2M=8 OFEC encoders, namely, OFEC encoder 0, OFEC encoder 1, ..., and OFEC encoder 7, in a round-robin manner at a granularity of 1 bit. In this case, it may be considered that the input bit data stream to be transmitted is input to M=4 FEC encoding processors in the figure, namely, FEC encoding processing unit 0, FEC encoding processing unit 1, ..., and FEC encoding processing unit 3, in a round-robin manner at a granularity of 2 bits. Each OFEC encoding path performs OFEC encoding on 3552 input bits to obtain 4096 output bits. The output bits of every two OFEC encoders are input to an OFEC interleaver for block interleaving to improve burst resistance capability. The block size of the OFEC interleaver is 172032 bits.

[0674] The outputs of the four OFEC interleavers (i.e., OFEC interleaver 0, OFEC interleaver 1, OFEC interleaver 2, and OFEC interleaver 3) are input into a first data processor. The first data processor performs first data processing. The first data processing includes wavelength distribution (also called distribution processing), symbol mapping, polarization distribution, etc. For example, the first data processor may include a wavelength distribution unit, a symbol mapping unit, and a polarization distribution unit to perform the above operations. The wavelength distribution unit obtains W×(q×2)=4×(4×2)=32 bits from each of the coded data streams 6_0 to 6_3 output by the M=4 FEC encoding processors to obtain a total of W×(q×2)×M=4×(4×2)×4=128 bits. The wavelength distribution unit distributes every 128 input bits to four output encoded data streams 7_0 to 7_3, where 32 bits are distributed to one output encoded data stream 7_0, 32 other bits are distributed to another output encoded data stream 7_1, 32 other bits are distributed to another output encoded data stream 7_2, and 32 other bits are distributed to another output encoded data stream 7_3. A possible implementation is as follows: for the jth (0≦j<4) operation, the wavelength distribution unit distributes a bit set containing q×2=4×2=8 bits.

[0675]

number

[0676] is obtained in a round-robin manner from the coded data streams 6_0 to 6_3 output by M=4 FEC coding processors, where 0≦i<4 and 0≦j<4. A bit set containing q×2=8 bits

[0677]

number

[0678] is the j-th set of bits, which contains q×2=8 bits and is obtained from the coded data stream 6_i output by the ith FEC coding processor. At this time of operation, a total of (q×2)×M=(4×2)×4=32 bits are obtained, and (q×2)×M=(4×2)×4=32 bits are output to the j-th (0≦j<4) output coded data stream 7_j. Over W=4 operations, 32 bits are obtained from the coded data streams output by each FEC coding processor, for a total of 128 bits. The wavelength distribution unit

[0679]

number

[0680] , and

[0681]

number

[0682] to the coded data stream 7_0, and 32 other bits

[0683]

number

[0684] , and

[0685]

number

[0686] to the coded data stream 7_1, and 32 other bits

[0687]

number

[0688] , and

[0689]

number

[0690] to the coded data stream 7_2, and 32 other bits

[0691]

number

[0692] , and

[0693]

number

[0694] is output to the coded data stream 7_3.

[0695] 32 bits in the jth (0≦j<4) output coded data stream 7_j

[0696]

number

[0697] , and

[0698]

number

[0699] is input into the symbol mapping for DP-16QAM modulation, where every q × 2 = 8 bits

[0700]

number

[0701] There are two symbols

[0702]

number

[0703] are mapped to a total of eight symbols

[0704]

number

[0705] , and

[0706]

number

[0707] is obtained.

[0708] The polarization distribution unit has four dual polarization symbols

[0709]

number

[0710] , and

[0711]

number

[0712] The eight symbols output by the symbol mapping unit to obtain

[0713]

number

[0714] , and

[0715]

number

[0716] where one dual polarization symbol

[0717]

number

[0718] is two symbols

[0719]

number

[0720] is obtained by performing polarization distribution on

[0721] Dual Polarization 16QAM (DP-16QAM) Modulation Symbols

[0722]

number

[0723] is an 8-bit

[0724]

number

[0725] More specifically, (c0, c2) is the DP-16QAM symbol in X polarization.

[0726]

number

[0727] and (c4,c6) is the DP-16QAM symbol in X polarization.

[0728]

number

[0729] and (c1,c3) is the DP-16QAM symbol in Y polarization.

[0730]

number

[0731] and (c5,c7) is the DP-16QAM symbol in Y polarization.

[0732]

number

[0733] In one example, two bits are mapped to the I-phase component or the Q-phase component, and a Gray mapping rule may be used, in which two bits {0,0} are mapped to −3, {0,1} are mapped to −1, {1,1} are mapped to +1, and {1,0} are mapped to +3. In this case, the symbol mapping is also called Gray mapping.

[0734] DSP framing processing is performed on the four dual polarization symbol data streams obtained through the polarization distribution processing to obtain dual polarization symbol data streams to be transmitted, thereby obtaining dual polarization symbol data stream 0, dual polarization symbol data stream 1, dual polarization symbol data stream 2, and dual polarization symbol data stream 3. More specifically, the DSP framing processing involves inserting symbols such as FAW, TS, RES, and PS into every 172,032 dual polarization symbols (also called payload dual polarization symbols) in the dual polarization symbol data streams obtained through the polarization distribution processing to obtain 175,104 dual polarization symbols to be transmitted. The 175,104 dual polarization symbols to be transmitted are also called one super-frame.

[0735] It should be noted that in some specific applications, the FEC process further includes a Probabilistic Constellation Shaping (PCS) process. More specifically, a data stream not input into OFEC encoding includes two parts. One part is bit data obtained through PCS processing, in which bits 0 and 1 of the bit data have unequal occurrence probabilities. The other part is bit data obtained without PCS processing, in which bits 0 and 1 of the bit data have equal occurrence probabilities. In a specific scenario, as shown in FIG. 18 , the OFEC encoder encodes 3552 bits to be coded to obtain 4096 coded bits, in which 2048 of the 3552 bits to be coded are obtained through PCS processing and the other 1504 bits are obtained without PCS processing.

[0736] Note that scenarios 1 to 3 consider W=2, and scenario 4 considers W=4. Scenarios where W is another parameter may alternatively be extended to, for example, W=8 or 16. Details will not be described again herein. For example, when M=2, W may be 2, 4, 8, or 16. In another example, when M=4, W may be 2, 4, 8, or 16.

[0737] It should be noted that in the first to eleventh implementations, the DSP framing process is a framing operation performed on symbols. DSP framing is the periodic insertion of a fixed symbol sequence (sometimes called a preset symbol sequence or a first symbol sequence) into each of the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams. For example, CW For dual polarization symbols, N F A fixed symbol sequence is inserted in each of the X and Y polarization directions to obtain a dual polarization symbol sequence (e.g., sometimes referred to as a DP-QAM symbol sequence) of length N. For example, the dual polarization symbol sequence may be a DP-QPSK symbol sequence, a DP-8QAM symbol sequence, a DP-16QAM symbol sequence, a DP-32QAM symbol sequence, or a DP-64QAM symbol sequence. The dual polarization symbol sequence may also be referred to as a super-frame. In one example, N CW =172032 and N F =175104. N F In each polarization direction, a dual polarization symbol sequence of length N FNote that the fixed symbol sequence includes one or more of the following: pilot symbols (PS), frame alignment word (FAW), training symbols (TS), or reserved symbols (RES). The FAW is for frame alignment, the TS is for link training, and the PS is for carrier phase recovery. In addition, the DSP frame further includes several RES reserved symbols for future use and innovation. In some specific embodiments, the super-frame is also referred to as a multi-frame, the reserved symbols are also referred to as fixed stuff (FS), and the frame alignment word is also referred to as a multi-frame alignment signal (MFAS). Note that the locations of the first symbol sequence in a super-frame are not necessarily all contiguous. For example, the pilot symbols are distributed at locations in a fixed-length interval within the super-frame. For example, the frame alignment word is placed in multiple contiguous locations at the beginning of the super-frame.

[0738] In some other possible implementations, the DSP framing process is a framing operation performed on bits. The DSP framing process is performed before symbol mapping. The DSP framing process involves inserting fixed bits into the acquired data sequence before symbol mapping according to a symbol mapping rule used, where the fixed bits are bits corresponding to one or more of a frame alignment word, a training symbol, a reserved symbol, and a pilot symbol. Polarization distribution and symbol mapping are then performed to acquire a dual polarization symbol data stream to be transmitted. The fixed bits may also be referred to as bits corresponding to a first symbol sequence, where the first symbol sequence includes one or more of a pilot symbol, a frame alignment word, a training symbol, or a reserved symbol. The superframe in the dual polarization symbol data stream to be transmitted is the same as the superframe in the second dual polarization symbol data stream acquired in FIG. 3. The following provides some possible implementations.

[0739] 23 is a schematic flowchart of a data processing method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. The method may be applied to a transmitter device, for example, may be executed by the transmitter device or a module in the transmitter device. The module in the transmitter device may be a chip or a chip system.

[0740] For 2301, please refer to 201. The details will not be explained again here.

[0741] 2302: Perform third data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W second dual polarization symbol data streams are second dual polarization symbol data streams 0 to W-1.

[0742] The third data processing includes at least DSP framing processing and symbol mapping. For a related description of the dual polarization symbol data stream, please refer to the embodiment corresponding to Figure 2. The details will not be described again in this specification.

[0743] Each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams is arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions. In one polarization direction, P consecutive symbols other than the first symbol sequence (sometimes called a fixed symbol sequence) in the second dual-polarized symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q×P bits. The first symbol sequence includes one or more of pilot symbols, frame alignment words, training symbols, or reserved symbols. The q×P bits are from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, where P is an integer greater than 1 and q is a positive integer. In the polarization direction, each symbol is obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q bits.

[0744] It should be noted that the polarization direction in this embodiment of the present application is one of two polarization directions.

[0745] In some possible implementations, P may satisfy P=M. In one polarization direction, P consecutive symbols other than the first symbol sequence (sometimes called a fixed symbol sequence) in the second dual-polarized symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on the q×P bits. Furthermore, the q×P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits in the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0746] In some other possible implementations, P may satisfy P = M. Furthermore, the q x P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every 2 x q bits among the q x P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0747] In yet another possible implementation, P may satisfy P=M, where the q×P bits are from M first encoded data streams, and every q bits among the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams. Additionally, in one polarization direction, the q bits mapped to one symbol through the symbol mapping process are from the same first encoded data stream.

[0748] In yet another possible implementation, the M consecutive dual-polarized symbols other than the first symbol sequence (sometimes called a fixed symbol sequence) in the second dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely comprise 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, the 2×M symbols being obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q×M bits, the 2×q×M bits being from the M first encoded data streams, and the two symbols entirely comprised in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions being obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0749] In yet another possible implementation, P=M / 2. In one polarization direction, P consecutive symbols other than the first symbol sequence (sometimes called a fixed symbol sequence) in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q×P bits. The q×P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every q / 2 bits among the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

[0750] In yet another possible implementation, P = a × M. In one polarization direction, P consecutive symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q × P bits, where the q × P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every a × q bits in the q × P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams, where a is a positive integer.

[0751] It should be understood that in the above solution, the DSP framing process is a framing operation performed on bits. In the embodiment corresponding to Figure 2, the DSP framing process is performed on symbols. The third data processing may further include operations other than DSP framing and symbol mapping, such as distribution and bit merging. For details, please refer to the related description in the embodiment corresponding to Figure 2. The details will not be described again here.

[0752] The following describes the solution provided in the embodiments of the present application from the perspective of a receiver device: The execution process of the receiver device may be understood as the reverse process of the execution process of the transmitter device.

[0753] 24 is a schematic flowchart of a data processing method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. The method may be applied to a receiver device, for example, may be executed by the receiver device or a module in the receiver device. The module in the receiver device may be a chip or a chip system.

[0754] 2401: Obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, and each of the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams is arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions.

[0755] 2402: Perform fourth data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams.

[0756] M is an integer greater than 1, and the fourth data processing includes a receiver DSP and a symbol demapping process, where q×P bits are obtained by performing the symbol demapping process on P consecutive symbols other than a first symbol sequence in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream in one polarization direction. The first symbol sequence includes one or more of pilot symbols, frame alignment words, training symbols, or reserved symbols. The q×P bits are distributed among at least two of the M first encoded data streams, where P is an integer greater than 1 and q is a positive integer. In the polarization direction, the q bits are obtained by performing the symbol demapping process on each symbol.

[0757] 2403: Perform an FEC decoding process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain an expected-to-receive bit data stream.

[0758] In some possible implementations, when P satisfies P=M, q×P bits obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on P symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual-polarized symbol data stream in the polarization direction enter the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits enter the same first encoded data stream among the M first encoded data streams.

[0759] In some other possible implementations, P may satisfy P = M. Furthermore, q × P bits go into the M first encoded data streams, and every 2 × q bits out of the q × P bits go into the same first encoded data stream out of the M first encoded data streams.

[0760] In some other possible implementations, when P satisfies P=M, the q bits obtained by performing symbol demapping on each symbol in the polarization direction are put into the same first encoded data stream.

[0761] In some possible implementations, M consecutive dual-polarized symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely contain 2×M symbols in two polarization directions, and 2×q×M bits are obtained by performing symbol demapping on the 2×M symbols, and the 2×q×M bits are entered into the M first encoded data streams. The 2×q bits obtained by performing symbol demapping on the two symbols entirely contained in each dual-polarized symbol in two polarization directions are entered into the same first encoded data stream.

[0762] It should be noted that in one polarization direction, symbol demapping includes, but is not limited to, QPSK or quadrature amplitude modulation QAM.

[0763] Correspondingly, the fourth data processing may further include polarization combining, data merging, etc. Polarization combining is the inverse process of polarization splitting. That may be understood as polarization combining is combining dual-polarized symbol data streams into one symbol data stream. Data merging is the inverse process of data splitting. That may be understood as data merging is merging W data streams into one data stream.

[0764] With reference to the accompanying drawings and several implementation forms of data distribution (data merging), the following describes several schemes provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0765] In the twelfth implementation, the DSP framing process is a framing operation performed on bits. Figure 25A is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. In Figure 25A, it is used as an example that bit group merging and distribution processes are performed separately.

[0766] The transmitter device performs M passes of a parallel FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams. Then, "bit group merging" is performed on the M first encoded data streams, i.e., the M first encoded data streams are merged into a second encoded data stream. Then, a distribution process (sometimes called a wavelength distribution or interleaving process) is performed on the second encoded data stream to obtain W third encoded data streams. Every L1 consecutive bits in the second encoded data stream are distributed into one third encoded data stream, where L1 is a positive integer. DSP framing, polarization distribution, and symbol mapping processes are performed on each of the W third encoded data streams to obtain W to-be-transmitted dual polarization symbol data streams. Furthermore, the W to-be-transmitted dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried and transmitted on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths. Alternatively, the W to-be-transmitted dual polarization symbol data streams may each be transmitted through W optical fibers. Alternatively, the W to-be-transmitted dual-polarized symbol data streams are each carried on W subcarriers, digital subcarrier multiplexing is performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0767] It should be noted that the DSP framing process is operated before symbol mapping and inserts fixed bits into the obtained data sequence before symbol mapping according to the symbol mapping rule used, where the fixed bits are bits corresponding to one or more of the frame alignment word, training symbol, reserved symbol, and pilot symbol, i.e., bits corresponding to the above-mentioned first symbol sequence.

[0768] In some embodiments, when M first encoded data streams are merged into a second encoded data stream, S0 consecutive bits may be taken from each of the M first encoded data streams in a round-robin manner, resulting in a total of S0×M bits. The S0 bits may alternatively be understood as bit sets. That is, every M consecutive bit set in the second encoded data stream is from the M first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets includes S0 consecutive bits from the same first encoded data stream, where S0 is a positive integer.

[0769] Furthermore, when wavelength allocation is performed on the second encoded data stream,

[0770]

number

[0771] bits may be distributed into one third coded data stream, where U is a positive integer. In other words, L1 is

[0772]

number

[0773] In one example, L1 is

[0774]

number

[0775] In another example, L1 is

[0776]

number

[0777] That is, L1=S0×M. For example, S0 may be a multiple of q. For example, S0=q. Another example is S0=2×q.

[0778] As an example to explain the data processing procedure in optical communication, L1=S0×M and S0=2×q is used.

[0779] The bit data stream to be transmitted is input in a round-robin fashion into M FEC encoding process units, namely FEC encoding process 0, FEC encoding process 1, . . . , and FEC encoding process M-1.

[0780] W×(q×2) bits are obtained from each of the M first coded data streams output by the M FEC coding processing units, resulting in a total of W×(q×2)×M bits, and "bit group merging" in Figure 25A is performed to output one second coded data stream. Then, "distribution processing" (also called wavelength distribution) in Figure 25A is performed on the second coded data stream, resulting in W×(q×2)×M bits being distributed among the W third coded data streams output through "distribution processing," where each output third coded data stream contains (q×2)×M bits of the W×(q×2)×M bits. DSP framing, polarization distribution, and symbol mapping are performed on each output third coded data stream to obtain a dual polarization symbol data stream to be transmitted.

[0781] For the (q×2)×M bits in each output third encoded data stream, polarization distribution and symbol mapping are performed to obtain M double - polarization symbols. It should be noted that q×2 bits are mapped to one double - polarization symbol. That is, in one polarization direction, q bits are mapped to one symbol.

[0782] In one example, the specific operations of the "bit - group merging" and "distribution processing" in FIG. 25A are as follows.

[0783] "Bit - group merging" means

[0784]

Number

[0785] obtaining a bit set containing q×2 bits from the first encoded data stream output by M FEC encoding processing units in a round - robin manner, where 0≦i<M and 0≦j<W. The bit set

[0786]

Number

[0787] is the j - th group of q×2 bits obtained from the first encoded data stream output by the i - th FEC encoding processing unit. There are a total of W×(q×2)×M bits, that is,

[0788]

Number

[0789] , and

[0790]

Number

[0791] is acquired and input into the "distribution process" unit.

[0792] "Distribution process" means a total of W×(q×2)×M bits, that is

[0793] [Number]

[0794] and

[0795] [Number]

[0796] are output to W output data streams in a round-robin manner at a granularity of M×(q×2) bits. That is, (q×2)×M bits

[0797] [Number]

[0798] and

[0799] [Number]

[0800] are output to the j-th (0≦j<W) third encoded data stream.

[0801] 25A uses an example in which polarization distribution is performed before symbol mapping processing. In some possible application scenarios, symbol mapping may be performed before polarization distribution. In some possible embodiments, when polarization distribution is performed before symbol mapping processing, DSP framing processing may be performed after polarization distribution and before symbol mapping processing.

[0802] Figure 25B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 25B is the reverse process of the procedure described in Figure 25A. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in Figure 25A.

[0803] The receiver receives the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams, then performs symbol demapping and polarization combining processes on each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W eighth encoded data streams, performs receiver DSP processing on each of the W eighth encoded data streams to obtain W third encoded data streams, merges the W third encoded data streams to obtain second encoded data streams, distributes the second encoded data streams into M first encoded data streams, and then performs FEC decoding on the M first encoded data streams to obtain one or more bit data streams.

[0804] In the thirteenth implementation, as shown in the figure, the DSP framing process is a framing operation performed on bits. Figure 26A is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. In Figure 26A, it is used as an example that the bit group merging and distribution process is performed through merging.

[0805] The transmitter device performs M paths of parallel FEC encoding processing on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams. Then, a distribution processing (sometimes referred to as wavelength distribution or interleaving processing) is performed on the M first encoded data streams. That is, the M first encoded data streams may be distributed into W fourth encoded data streams. Furthermore, DSP framing processing, dual polarization distribution, and symbol mapping processing are performed on each of the W fourth encoded data streams to obtain W to-be-transmitted dual polarization symbol data streams. Furthermore, the W to-be-transmitted dual polarization symbol data streams may be carried and transmitted on W paths of optical signals with different wavelengths. Alternatively, the W to-be-transmitted dual polarization symbol data streams may each be transmitted through W optical fibers. Alternatively, the W to-be-transmitted dual polarization symbol data streams may each be carried on W subcarriers, and digital subcarrier multiplexing is performed to obtain a signal for one path, and the signal for that path is transmitted.

[0806] In some embodiments, every S1×M / W consecutive bits in each fourth encoded data stream are from M first encoded data streams, and the number of bits belonging to each of the M first encoded data streams among every S1×M / W consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream is the same, where S1 is a positive integer and S1×M is an integer multiple of W.

[0807] In one example, S0 consecutive bits may be obtained from each of the M first encoded data streams in a round-robin manner, resulting in a total of S0×M bits. The S0 bits may alternatively be understood as bit sets. The bits obtained from each first encoded data stream are then distributed to W fourth encoded data streams. S0 is a positive integer. S1 may be a multiple of 2×q. For example, S1=2×q×W, where every 2×q×M consecutive bits in each fourth encoded data stream includes M bit sets, where the M bit sets are from different first encoded data streams, and each of the M bit sets includes 2×q consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

[0808] As an example to explain the data processing procedure in optical communication, S1=2×q×W and S0=2×q are used.

[0809] The bit data stream to be transmitted is input in a round-robin fashion into M FEC encoding process units, namely FEC encoding process 0, FEC encoding process 1, . . . , and FEC encoding process M-1.

[0810] W×(q×2) bits are obtained from each of the M first coded data streams output by the M FEC encoding processing units, resulting in a total of W×(q×2)×M bits. The M first coded data streams are then subjected to the “distribution process” (also referred to as wavelength distribution) in FIG. 26A , resulting in W×(q×2)×M bits being distributed among the W fourth coded data streams output through the “distribution process,” where each output fourth coded data stream contains (q×2)×M bits. DSP framing, polarization distribution, and symbol mapping are performed on each output fourth coded data stream to obtain a dual polarization symbol data stream to be transmitted.

[0811] For the (q×2)×M bits in each output fourth encoded data stream, polarization distribution and symbol mapping are performed to obtain M double-polarization symbols, where it should be noted that q×2 bits are mapped to one double-polarization symbol. That is, in one polarization direction, q bits are mapped to one symbol.

[0812] In one example, the specific operations of the "distribution process" in FIG. 26A are as follows.

[0813] During the "distribution process", the bit set

[0814]

Number

[0815] To obtain, q×2 bits are obtained in a round-robin manner from the M first encoded data streams output through the M paths of the FEC encoding process, where 0≦i<M and 0≦j<W. The bit set

[0816]

Number

[0817] contains q×2 bits and is the j-th bit set obtained from the first encoded data stream output through the i-th path of the FEC encoding process. In total, there are W×(q×2)×M bits, that is,

[0818]

Number

[0819] ,..., and

[0820]

Number

[0821] is obtained.

[0822] Next, the output to the W fourth encoded data streams is performed in a round-robin manner at a granularity of M×(q×2) bits. That is, (q×2)×M bits

[0823] [Number]

[0824] and

[0825] [Number]

[0826] are output to the j-th (0≦j<W) fourth encoded data stream.

[0827] Note that there is a difference between FIG. 26A and FIG. 25A in that, after the bit set is obtained, the bit set is not merged into one encoded data stream but is directly distributed to the W encoded data streams according to a rule from the M first encoded data streams output through the M paths of the FEC encoding process in a round-robin manner.

[0828] In FIG. 26A, an example where polarization distribution is performed before symbol mapping processing is used. In some possible application scenarios, symbol mapping may be performed before polarization distribution. In some possible embodiments, when polarization distribution is performed before symbol mapping processing, the DSP framing processing may be performed after polarization distribution and before symbol mapping processing.

[0829] Figure 26B is a schematic flowchart of a method for receiving data in optical communication according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 26B is the reverse process of the procedure described in Figure 26A. For corresponding descriptions, please refer to the related descriptions in Figure 26A.

[0830] The receiver receives the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams, then performs symbol demapping and polarization combining processes on each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W ninth encoded data streams, performs receiver DSP processing on each of the W ninth encoded data streams to obtain W fourth encoded data streams, distributes the W fourth encoded data streams into M first encoded data streams, and then performs FEC decoding processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain one or more bit data streams.

[0831] Scenario 5: For example, M=4, 16QAM (q=4) is used for symbol mapping, and W=4. FIG. 27 is a diagram of a data transmission procedure provided in Scenario 5 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 27, the data stream transmission procedure is based on Scenario 4, and a DSP framing processing operation is performed on bits. For the specific operation of wavelength distribution (also called distribution processing), please refer to the description of Scenario 4. The details will not be described again in this specification. In FIG. 27, for example, an OFEC code is used for FEC encoding. It should be noted that in some specific applications, the FEC encoding process may further include a stochastic constellation shaping PCS process as shown in FIG. 18. More specifically, the data stream not input into OFEC encoding includes two parts. One part is bit data obtained through PCS processing, and the occurrence probabilities of 0 and 1 in the bit data are not equal. The other part is bit data obtained without PCS processing, and the occurrence probabilities of 0 and 1 in the bit data are equal. In a specific scenario, as shown in FIG. 18, OFEC encoding is to encode 3552 bits to be encoded to obtain 4096 coded bits, where 2048 of the 3552 bits to be encoded are obtained through PCS processing.

[0832] An embodiment of the present application further provides a data processing device in optical communication. The device may be a transmitter device or a component (or module) used in a transmitter device. The device includes a plurality of units configured to perform any one of the above-described data transmission methods in optical communication in FIGS. 5A to 22. In a possible manner, the data processing device may include M FEC encoding processing units and a first data processing unit. Each FEC encoding processing unit is configured to perform an "FEC encoding processing" function. For example, each FEC encoding processing unit may include two FEC encoding units and an interleaving unit. In some embodiments, the first data processing unit may include one or more symbol mapping units, one or more polarization distribution units, one wavelength distribution unit (sometimes referred to as a distribution processing unit), etc. The first data processing unit may further include one or more bit group merging units. In some possible implementations, the data processing device may further include one or more DSP framing units. The symbol mapping unit may be configured to perform a symbol mapping processing function, the polarization distribution unit may be configured to perform a polarization distribution function, and the wavelength distribution unit may be configured to perform a distribution processing (in other words, wavelength distribution) function. The DSP framing unit performs a DSP framing function. The specific functions performed by the units have been described above and will not be described in detail again herein.

[0833] In some other embodiments, the first data processing unit may include one or more symbol mapping units, one or more polarization distribution units, and one exchange processing unit. The first data processing unit may further include one or more bit group merging units. In some possible implementations, the data processing device may further include one or more DSP framing units, etc. The exchange processing unit is configured to perform an exchange processing function. Specific functions performed by the units have been described above. Details will not be described again herein.

[0834] An embodiment of the present application further provides a data processing device in optical communications. The device may be a receiver device or a component (or module) used in a receiver device. The device includes a plurality of units configured to perform any one of the above-described data receiving methods in optical communications. In a possible manner, the data processing device may include M FEC decoding processing units and a second data processing unit. Each FEC decoding processing unit is configured to perform an "FEC decoding processing" function. For example, each FEC decoding processing unit may include two FEC decoding units and an interleaving unit. In some embodiments, the second data processing unit may include one or more symbol demapping units, one or more polarization combining units, one wavelength merging unit (sometimes referred to as a merging processing unit), etc. The second data processing unit may further include one or more bit merging units. The data processing device may further include one or more receiver DSP units. The symbol demapping unit may be configured to perform a symbol demapping processing function, the polarization combining unit may be configured to perform a polarization combining function, and the wavelength merging unit may be configured to perform a wavelength merging processing function. The receiver DSP unit is configured to perform receiver DSP functions. The specific functions performed by the unit are described above and will not be described in detail again here.

[0835] In some other embodiments, the second data processing unit may include one or more symbol demapping units, one or more polarization combining units, and one reverse exchange processing unit. The second data processing unit may further include one or more bit group merging units. The data processing device may further include one or more receiver DSP units. The reverse exchange processing unit is configured to perform the reverse exchange processing function. The specific functions performed by the units have been described above. The details will not be described again herein.

[0836] It should be noted that the units may be physically separate units or may be the same unit integrated together, each of which may be a logical unit obtained from a division based on function, or each of which may be a corresponding hardware unit. In some embodiments, when the units are each a logical unit, each function described in FIGS. 5A-21 may correspond to one unit. For example, a polarization distribution function may be understood to be performed by one polarization distribution unit. In some embodiments, when multiple data streams are processed, it may be understood that multiple polarization distribution units may be included, with the multiple polarization distribution units performing the polarization distribution function in parallel.

[0837] An embodiment of the present application further provides a data processing device in optical communications. The device may be a transmitter device or a component (or module) used in a transmitter device. The device includes a plurality of units configured to perform any one of the above-described data transmission methods in optical communications in FIGS. 23, 24, 25A, 25B, 26A, 26B, and 27. In a possible manner, the data processing device may include M FEC encoding processing units and a third data processing unit. Each FEC encoding processing unit is configured to perform an "FEC encoding processing" function. For example, each FEC encoding processing unit may include two FEC encoding units and an interleaving unit. In some embodiments, the third data processing unit may include one or more symbol mapping units, one or more polarization distribution units, one wavelength distribution unit (sometimes referred to as a distribution processing unit), etc. The third data processing unit may further include one or more bit group merging units. In some possible implementations, the third data processing unit may further include one or more DSP framing units. The symbol mapping unit may be configured to perform a symbol mapping processing function, the polarization distribution unit may be configured to perform a polarization distribution function, and the wavelength distribution unit may be configured to perform a distribution processing (in other words, wavelength distribution) function. The DSP framing unit performs a DSP framing function. The specific functions performed by the units have been described above and will not be described in detail again herein.

[0838] In some other embodiments, the third data processing unit may include one or more symbol mapping units, one or more polarization distribution units, and one exchange processing unit. The third data processing unit may further include one or more bit group merging units. In some possible implementations, the third data processing unit may further include one or more DSP framing units, etc. The exchange processing unit is configured to perform exchange processing functions. Specific functions performed by the units have been described above. Details will not be described again herein.

[0839] An embodiment of the present application further provides a data processing device for optical communications. The device may be a receiver device or a component (or module) used in a receiver device. The device includes a plurality of units configured to perform any one of the above-described data receiving methods for optical communications in FIGS. 24 to 26B. In a possible manner, the data processing device may include M FEC decoding processing units and a fourth data processing unit. Each FEC decoding processing unit is configured to perform an "FEC decoding processing" function. For example, each FEC decoding processing unit may include two FEC decoding units and an interleaving unit. In some embodiments, the fourth data processing unit may include one or more symbol demapping units, one or more polarization combining units, one wavelength merging unit (sometimes referred to as a merging processing unit), etc. The fourth data processing unit may further include one or more bit merging units. The fourth data processing unit may further include one or more receiver DSP units. The symbol demapping unit may be configured to perform a symbol demapping processing function, the polarization combining unit may be configured to perform a polarization combining function, and the wavelength merging unit may be configured to perform a wavelength merging processing function. The receiver DSP unit is configured to perform a receiver DSP function. The specific functions performed by the units are described above. The details will not be described again here.

[0840] In some other embodiments, the fourth data processing unit may include one or more symbol demapping units, one or more polarization combining units, and one reverse exchange processing unit. The fourth data processing unit may further include one or more bit group merging units. The fourth data processing unit may further include one or more receiver DSP units. The reverse exchange processing unit is configured to perform the reverse exchange processing function. The specific functions performed by the units have been described above. The details will not be described again herein.

[0841] It should be noted that the units may be physically separate units or may be the same unit integrated together, each of which may be a logical unit obtained by functional division, or each of which may be a corresponding hardware unit. In some embodiments, when the units are each logical units, each function described in Figures 23, 24, 25A, 25B, 26A, 26B, and 27 may correspond to one unit. For example, a polarization distribution function may be understood to be performed by one polarization distribution unit. In some embodiments, when multiple data streams are processed, it may be understood that multiple polarization distribution units may be included, with the multiple polarization distribution units performing the polarization distribution function in parallel.

[0842] FIG. 28 is a diagram of the structure of a data processing device according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 28, the data processing device 220 may include one or more processors 2201, a memory 2202, and a communication interface 2203. These components may be connected to each other through a bus 2204 or in another manner. FIG. 28 uses an example in which these components are connected to each other through a bus. The processor 2201 may be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present application. The processor 2201 may process data received through the communication interface 2203. The processor 2201 may further process signals or data to be transmitted to the communication interface 2203. It should be noted that the memory is optional. In one embodiment, the processor and memory in the data processing device are two independent structures.

[0843] The memory 2202 may be coupled to the processor 2201 through a bus 2204 or an input / output port, or may be integrated with the processor 2201. The memory 2202 is configured to store various software programs and / or multiple groups of instructions. In particular, the memory 2202 may include a high-speed random access memory and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices. The memory 2202 may further store program code. The program code may be for communicating with one or more connected devices, one or more terminals, or one or more network devices. The communication interface 2203 may be configured to receive signals or data input into the data processing device 220 or to output signals or data obtained by the processor 2201 through processing. There may be one or more communication interfaces 2203.

[0844] The processor 2201 may be configured to read and execute computer-readable instructions. In a possible application scenario, the data processing device is used in a transmitter device or a component thereof. The processor 2201 may be configured to call a program stored in the memory 2202, for example, a program implemented in a transmitter device in the data processing method provided in one or more embodiments of the present application, and execute instructions included in the program, in order to implement the data processing method in the subsequent embodiments. In another possible application scenario, the data processing device is used in a receiver device or a component thereof. The processor 2201 may be configured to call a program stored in the memory 2202, for example, a program implemented in a receiver device in the data processing method provided in one or more embodiments of the present application, and execute instructions included in the program, in order to implement the data processing method in the subsequent embodiments.

[0845] The data processing device 220 shown in Figure 28 is only one implementation form of this embodiment of the present application. In actual applications, the data processing device 220 may further include more or fewer components, which is not limited herein.

[0846] 29 is a diagram of a chip structure according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 29, the chip 230 may include a processor 2301 and one or more communication interfaces 2302 coupled to the processor 2301.

[0847] The processor 2301 may be configured to read and execute computer-readable instructions. In a specific implementation, the processor 2301 may mainly include a controller, an arithmetic logic unit, and a register. The controller is mainly responsible for instruction decoding and sends control signals for operations corresponding to the instructions. The arithmetic logic unit is mainly responsible for performing fixed-point or floating-point arithmetic operations, shift operations, logical operations, etc., and may also perform address operations and address conversions. The registers are mainly responsible for storing register operands, intermediate operation results, etc. that are temporarily stored in the instruction execution process. In a specific implementation, the hardware architecture of the processor 2301 may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) architecture, a MIPS architecture, an ARM architecture, an NP architecture, etc. The processor 2301 may be a single-core processor or a multi-core processor. The communication interface 2302 may be configured to input signals or data to be processed to the processor 2301 and output the processing results of the processor 2301 to the outside. For example, the communication interface 2302 may be a general-purpose input / output (GPIO) interface and may be connected to multiple peripheral devices (e.g., a display (LCD), a camera, and a radio frequency (RF) module). The communication interface 2302 is connected to the processor 2301 through a bus 2303.

[0848] In the present application, the processor 2301 may be configured to call an implementation program on the transmitter device side from memory and execute instructions included in the program in the data processing method provided in one or more embodiments of the present application, or may be configured to call an implementation program on the receiver device side from memory and execute instructions included in the program in the data processing method provided in one or more embodiments of the present application. The communication interface 2302 may be configured to output the execution result of the processor 2301. In the present application, the communication interface 2302 may be particularly configured to output a bit data stream obtained by the processor 2301 through processing, or to output W dual polarization symbol data streams obtained by the processor 2301 through processing. For data processing methods provided in one or more embodiments of the present application, please refer to the embodiments shown in Figures 2 to 4, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, 9A to 9D, 10A to 10D, 11A, 11B, 12A, 12B, 13A, 13B, 14A, 14B, 15A, 15B, 16 to 24, 25A, 25B, 26A, 26B, and 27. Details will not be described again herein.

[0849] It should be noted that the functions corresponding to each of the processor 2301 and the communication interface 2302 may be implemented by using a hardware design, a software design, or a combination of software and hardware, which is not limited herein.

[0850] The readable storage medium in the embodiments of the present application may include any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash disk, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory, a random-access memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0851] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Thus, the present application may take the form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment having a combination of software and hardware. In addition, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk memory, CD-ROM, optical memory, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0852] The present application will be described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be for implementing each procedure and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and combinations of procedures and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. These computer program instructions may be provided to a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the computer or processor of another programmable data processing device generate an apparatus for performing the specific functions in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.

[0853] These computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can instruct a computer or another programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory create an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus that implements a particular function in one or more steps in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.

[0854] These computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a sequence of operations and steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device, thereby generating a computer-implemented process. Thus, the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing particular functions in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.

[0855] It is apparent that those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of the present application without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present application, and in this case, the present application is intended to cover these modifications and variations to the embodiments of the present application, provided that they fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent techniques. [Explanation of symbols]

[0856] 220 Data Processing Device 230 chips 2201 processor 2202 memory 2203 Communication Interface 2204 Bus 2301 processor 2302 Communication Interface 2303 Bus

Claims

1. A data processing method in optical communication, comprising: obtaining a stream of bit data to be transmitted; performing a forward error correction (FEC) encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams, where M is an integer greater than 1; performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; Equipped with W is an integer greater than 1, each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams is arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions, the first data processing comprises a symbol mapping process, in either of the two polarization directions, P consecutive symbols in the first dual polarization symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on q×P bits, the q×P bits being from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, P is an integer greater than 1, q is a positive integer, and each symbol is obtained in either polarization direction by performing a symbol mapping process on q bits. Data processing methods.

2. performing digital signal processing (DSP) framing on each of the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain W second dual polarization symbol data streams; transmitting the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams on W paths of an optical signal, wherein the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are respectively carried on the W paths of the optical signal, and the W paths of the optical signal are all at different wavelengths; or transmitting the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams through W optical fibers, respectively; or performing digital subcarrier multiplexing on W subcarriers to obtain a signal stream, and transmitting the signal stream, wherein the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams are respectively carried on the W subcarriers; The method of claim 1 further comprising:

3. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein P=M, the q×P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits of the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

4. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein in any polarization direction, the q bits mapped to one symbol through the symbol mapping process are from the same first encoded data stream.

5. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein M consecutive dual-polarized symbols in the first dual-polarized symbol data stream entirely comprise 2×M symbols in the two polarization directions, and the 2×M symbols are obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q×M bits, the 2×q×M bits being from the M first encoded data streams, and the two symbols entirely comprised in each dual-polarized symbol in the two polarization directions are obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

6. performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; merging the M first coded data streams into a second coded data stream; performing a distribution operation on the second encoded data stream to obtain W third encoded data streams; performing a symbol mapping process on each of the W third encoded data streams to obtain W first symbol data streams; performing polarization splitting on each of the W first symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; Equipped with 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. Every M consecutive sets of bits in the second coded data stream are from the M first coded data streams, and each of the M sets of bits is from S from the same first coded data stream. 0 S 0 is a positive integer, and every L 1 consecutive bits are distributed into one third coded data stream, L 1 is a positive integer and L 1 S 0 × M / W.

8. L 1 =S 0 ×M, and every L in the third encoded data stream 1 8. The method of claim 7, wherein consecutive bits comprise the M sets of bits from the M first encoded data streams.

9. performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; merging the M first coded data streams into a second coded data stream; performing a symbol mapping operation on the second encoded data stream to obtain a second symbol data stream; distributing the second symbol data stream to obtain W third symbol data streams; performing polarization splitting on each of the W third symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; Equipped with 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

10. Every M consecutive sets of bits in the second coded data stream are from the M first coded data streams, and each of the M sets of bits is from S from the same first coded data stream. 0 S 0 is a positive integer, and every 2×L in the third symbol data stream 2 consecutive symbols are 2 ×2×q bits, and 2 ×2×q bits are from the M first coded data streams, and L 2 is a positive integer and L 2 S 0 ×M / (W×q),

11. L 2 =S 0 × M / q, and the L 2 11. The method of claim 10, wherein x2xq bits comprise the M sets of bits from the M first encoded data streams.

12. performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; merging the M first coded data streams into a second coded data stream; performing a symbol mapping operation on the second encoded data stream to obtain a second symbol data stream; separately performing polarization splitting on the second symbol data stream to obtain a third dual-polarized symbol data stream; performing a splitting process on the third dual polarization symbol data stream to obtain the W first dual polarization symbol data streams; Equipped with 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

13. Every M consecutive sets of bits in the second coded data stream are from the M first coded data streams, and each of the M sets of bits is from S from the same first coded data stream. 0 S 0 is a positive integer and P is S 0 ×M / (W×2×q),

14. S 0 14. The method of any one of claims 7, 8, 10, 11, and 13, wherein q = 2 × q.

15. performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; distributing the M first coded data streams into W fourth coded data streams; performing a symbol mapping process on each of the W fourth encoded data streams to obtain W fourth symbol data streams; performing polarization splitting on each of the W fourth symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; Equipped with 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

16. Any S in the fourth encoded data stream 1 ×M / W consecutive bits are from the M first coded data streams, and every S in the fourth coded data stream 1 ×M / W consecutive bits, the number of bits belonging to each of the M first coded data streams is the same, and S 1 is a positive integer and S 1 16. The method of claim 15, wherein ×M is an integer multiple of W.

17. S 1 17. The method of claim 16, wherein m = 2×q×W, and every 2×q×M consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream comprises M sets of bits, the M sets of bits being from different first encoded data streams, and each of the M sets of bits comprising 2×q consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

18. performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; performing a symbol mapping process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain a fifth symbol data stream; performing a distribution process on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; performing polarization splitting on the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; Equipped with 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

19. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein every 2×P consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping operation on 2×P×q bits, the 2×P×q bits being from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and every 2×P×Z / W consecutive symbols among 2×P×Z consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are distributed to one sixth symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

20. performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; performing a symbol mapping process on each of the M first encoded data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams; performing a splitting process on the M eleventh symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; performing polarization splitting on the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; Equipped with 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

21. Every S in the sixth symbol data stream 1 ×M / W consecutive symbols are from the M eleventh symbol data streams, and every S in the sixth symbol data stream 1 ×M / W consecutive symbols, the number of symbols belonging to each of the M eleventh symbol data streams is the same; and 1 is a positive integer and S 1 21. The method of claim 20, wherein ×M is an integer multiple of W.

22. performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; performing a symbol mapping process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain a fifth symbol data stream; separately performing polarization splitting on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain a fourth dual-polarized symbol data stream; performing a splitting process on the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream to obtain the W first dual polarization symbol data streams; Equipped with 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

23. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein every P consecutive dual polarization symbols in the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping process on 2×P×q bits, where the 2×P×q bits are from at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and every P×Z / W consecutive symbols among P×Z consecutive dual polarization symbols in the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream are distributed to one first dual polarization symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

24. performing first data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; performing a symbol mapping process on each of the M first encoded data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams; performing polarization splitting on each of the eleventh symbol data streams to obtain M seventh dual-polarized symbol data streams; performing a splitting process on the M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual polarization symbol data streams; Equipped with 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

25. Every S in the first dual polarization symbol data stream 1 ×M / W consecutive symbols are from the M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams, and every S in the first dual polarization symbol data stream 1 the number of symbols belonging to each of the M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams among S × M / W consecutive symbols is the same; 1 is a positive integer and S 1 25. The method of claim 24, wherein ×M is an integer multiple of W.

26. 26. The method of any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

27. performing an FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain the M first encoded data streams, performing FEC encoding in parallel on every 2×M bit sequences in the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain 2×M fifth encoded data streams, each of the 2×M bit sequences comprising a plurality of bits; performing an interleaving operation on every two fifth coded data streams among the 2×M fifth coded data streams to obtain the M first coded data streams; Equipped with 27. The method of any one of claims 1 to 26.

28. A data processing method in optical communication, comprising: obtaining W first dual-polarized symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, and each of the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams is arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions; performing second data processing on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams; M is an integer greater than 1, the second data processing comprises a symbol demapping process, and q×P bits obtained by performing the symbol demapping process on P consecutive symbols in the first dual polarization symbol data stream are distributed to at least two of the M first encoded data streams in either polarization direction, P is an integer greater than 1, and q is a positive integer, and q bits are obtained by performing the symbol demapping process on each symbol in either polarization direction; performing an FEC decoding process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain an expected-to-receive bit data stream; A data processing method comprising:

29. obtaining the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams; receiving W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device via W paths of optical signals of different wavelengths or through W optical fibers to obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device, or demultiplexing one received signal stream to obtain W subcarriers; performing receiver digital signal processing (DSP) on each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams.

29. The method of claim 28.

30. 30. The method of claim 28 or 29, wherein P=M, the q×P bits are distributed among the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits of the q×P bits are distributed among one of the M first encoded data streams.

31. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the q bits obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on each symbol in either polarization direction are distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

32. 32. A method according to claim 30 or 31, wherein M consecutive dual polarization symbols in the first dual polarization symbol data stream are entirely comprised of 2×M symbols in the two polarization directions, 2×q×M bits are obtained by performing symbol demapping on the 2×M symbols, and the 2×q×M bits are distributed among the M first encoded data streams, and 2×q bits obtained by performing symbol demapping on two symbols entirely comprised in each dual polarization symbol in the two polarization directions are distributed among the same first encoded data streams.

33. performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; performing polarization combining on each of the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W first symbol data streams; performing symbol demapping on each of the W first symbol data streams to obtain W third coded data streams; performing a merging operation on the W third encoded data streams to obtain a second encoded data stream; distributing the second coded data stream among the M first coded data streams; Equipped with 33. The method of any one of claims 28 to 32.

34. Every M consecutive bit sets in the second coded data stream are distributed to the M first coded data streams, and each of the M bit sets is a set of S belonging to the same first coded data stream. 0 S 0 is a positive integer, and every L 1 consecutive bits are from the same third coded data stream, and L 1 is a positive integer and L 1 S 0 × M / W.

35. L 1 =S 0 ×M, and every L in the third encoded data stream 1 35. The method of claim 34, wherein consecutive bits comprise the M bit sets, and the M bit sets are distributed among the M first encoded data streams.

36. performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; performing polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W third symbol data streams; merging the W third symbol data streams to obtain a second symbol data stream; performing a symbol demapping process on the second symbol data stream to obtain a second encoded data stream; distributing the second coded data stream among the M first coded data streams; Equipped with 33. The method of any one of claims 28 to 32.

37. Every M consecutive bit sets in the second coded data stream are distributed among the M first coded data streams, and S included in each of the M bit sets is 0 consecutive bits are distributed in the same first coded data stream, S 0 is a positive integer, and every 2×L in the third symbol data stream 2 By performing the symbol demapping process on consecutive symbols, L 2 × 2 × q bits are obtained, 2 ×2×q bits are distributed among the M first coded data streams, and L 2 is a positive integer and L 2 S 0 ×M / (W×q).

38. L 2 =S 0 × M / q, and the L 2 38. The method of claim 37, wherein ×2×q bits comprise the M sets of bits that go into the M first encoded data streams.

39. performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; performing a merging process on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain a third dual polarization symbol data stream; performing polarization combining on the third dual-polarized symbol data stream to obtain a second symbol data stream; performing a symbol demapping process on the second symbol data stream to obtain a second encoded data stream; distributing the second coded data stream among the M first coded data streams; Equipped with 33. The method of any one of claims 28 to 32.

40. Every M consecutive bit sets in the second coded data stream are distributed among the M first coded data streams, and each of the M bit sets is included in the same first coded data stream. 0 S 0 is a positive integer and P is S 0 ×M / (W×2×q),

41. S 0 41. The method of any one of claims 34, 35, 37, 38, and 40, wherein q = 2 × q.

42. performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; performing polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W fourth symbol data streams; performing a symbol demapping process on the W fourth symbol data streams to obtain W fourth coded data streams; distributing the W fourth coded data streams to the M first coded data streams; Equipped with 33. The method of any one of claims 28 to 32.

43. Any S in the fourth encoded data stream 1 ×M / W consecutive bits are distributed among the M first coded data streams, and every S 1 ×M / W consecutive bits, the number of bits going into each of the M first coded data streams is the same, and S 1 is a positive integer and S 1 43. The method of claim 42, wherein ×M is an integer multiple of W.

44. S 1 44. The method of claim 43, wherein M = 2 × q × W, and every 2 × q × M consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream comprises M sets of bits, the M sets of bits being distributed to different first encoded data streams, and each of the M sets of bits comprising 2 × q consecutive bits distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

45. performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; performing polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; merging the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain a fifth symbol data stream; performing a symbol demapping process on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain the M first coded data streams; Equipped with 33. The method of any one of claims 28 to 32.

46. 46. ​​The method of claim 45, wherein 2×P×q bits are obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on every 2×P consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream, and the 2×P×q bits are distributed to at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and wherein every 2×P×Z / W consecutive symbols among 2×P×Z consecutive symbols in the fifth symbol data stream are from the same sixth symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

47. performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; performing polarization combining on the W first dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W sixth symbol data streams; merging the W sixth symbol data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams; performing a symbol demapping process on each of the M eleventh symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; Equipped with 33. The method of any one of claims 28 to 32.

48. Every S in the sixth symbol data stream 1 ×M / W consecutive symbols are distributed among the M eleventh symbol data streams, and every S 1 the number of symbols in each of the M eleventh symbol data streams in S × M / W consecutive symbols is the same; 1 is a positive integer and S 1 48. The method of claim 47, wherein ×M is an integer multiple of W.

49. performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; performing a merging process on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain a fourth dual polarization symbol data stream; performing polarization combining on the fourth dual-polarized symbol data stream to obtain a fifth symbol data stream; performing a symbol demapping process on the fifth symbol data stream to obtain the M first coded data streams; Equipped with 33. The method of any one of claims 28 to 32.

50. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein 2×P×q bits are obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on every P consecutive dual polarization symbols in the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream, and the 2×P×q bits are distributed to at least two of the M first encoded data streams, and every P×Z / W consecutive symbols among P×Z consecutive dual polarization symbols in the fourth dual polarization symbol data stream are from the same first dual polarization symbol data stream, where 2×P×Z is an integer multiple of W and Z is a positive integer.

51. performing second data processing on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; performing a merging process on the W first dual polarization symbol data streams to obtain M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams; performing polarization combining on each of the M seventh dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain M eleventh symbol data streams; performing a symbol demapping process on each of the M eleventh symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; Equipped with 33. The method of any one of claims 28 to 32.

52. Every S in the first dual polarization symbol data stream 1 ×M / W consecutive symbols are distributed among the M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams, and every S 1 the number of symbols in each of the M seventh dual polarization symbol data streams in S × M / W consecutive symbols is the same; 1 is a positive integer and S 1 52. The method of claim 51, wherein ×M is an integer multiple of W.

53. 53. The method of any one of claims 28 to 52, wherein M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

54. performing an FEC decoding process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the expected received bit data stream, performing a deinterleaving operation on the M first encoded data streams to obtain 2×M fifth encoded data streams; performing FEC decoding operations in parallel on the 2×M fifth encoded data streams to obtain a stream of bit data to be transmitted; Equipped with every 2×M consecutive bit sequences in the bit data stream are from the 2×M fifth coded data streams, and a plurality of bits in each of the 2×M bit sequences are from the same fifth coded data stream; 53. The method of any one of claims 28 to 52.

55. A data processing method in optical communication, comprising: obtaining a stream of bit data to be transmitted; performing a forward error correction (FEC) encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain M first encoded data streams, where M is an integer greater than 1; performing third data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain W second dual-polarized symbol data streams; Equipped with wherein W is an integer greater than 1, each of the W second dual polarization symbol data streams is arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions, the third data processing comprises digital signal processing (DSP) framing processing and symbol mapping processing, wherein, in either of the two polarization directions, P consecutive symbols other than a first symbol sequence in the second dual polarization symbol data stream are obtained by performing a symbol mapping processing on q×P bits, the first symbol sequence comprising one or more of a pilot symbol, a frame alignment word, a training symbol, or a reserved symbol, the q×P bits being from at least two of the M first coded data streams, P is an integer greater than 1, q is a positive integer, and each symbol is obtained in either polarization direction by performing a symbol mapping processing on q bits. Data processing methods.

56. respectively, carrying the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams on W paths of an optical signal, and transmitting the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams, wherein the W paths of the optical signal all have different wavelengths; respectively, transmitting the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams through W optical fibers; or respectively, carrying the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams on W subcarriers, performing digital subcarrier multiplexing to obtain a signal stream, and transmitting the signal stream.

56. The method of claim 55, further comprising:

57. 57. The method of claim 55 or 56, wherein P=M, the q×P bits are from the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits of the q×P bits are from one of the M first encoded data streams.

58. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein in either polarization direction, the q bits mapped to one symbol through the symbol mapping process are from the same first encoded data stream.

59. 59. A method as claimed in claim 57 or 58, wherein M consecutive dual polarization symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual polarization symbol data stream are entirely comprised of 2×M symbols in the two polarization directions, the 2×M symbols being obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q×M bits, the 2×q×M bits being from the M first encoded data streams, and the two symbols entirely comprised in each dual polarization symbol in the two polarization directions being obtained by performing symbol mapping on 2×q bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

60. performing third data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams; merging the M first coded data streams into a second coded data stream; performing a distribution operation on the second encoded data stream to obtain W third encoded data streams; performing DSP framing processing on each of the W third coded data streams to obtain W eighth coded data streams; performing polarization splitting and symbol mapping on each of the W eighth encoded data streams to obtain the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams; Equipped with 60. The method of any one of claims 55 to 59.

61. Every M consecutive sets of bits in the second coded data stream are from the M first coded data streams, and each of the M sets of bits is from S from the same first coded data stream. 0 S 0 is a positive integer, and every L 1 consecutive bits are distributed into one third coded data stream, and L 1 is a positive integer and L 1 S 0 × M / W, 61. The method of claim 60.

62. L 1 =S 0 ×M, and every L in the third encoded data stream 1 62. The method of claim 61 , wherein consecutive bits comprise the M sets of bits from the M first encoded data streams.

63. performing third data processing on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams; distributing the M first coded data streams into W fourth coded data streams; performing DSP framing processing on each of the W fourth coded data streams to obtain W ninth coded data streams; performing polarization splitting and symbol mapping on each of the W ninth encoded data streams to obtain the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams; Equipped with 60. The method of any one of claims 55 to 59.

64. Any S in the fourth encoded data stream 1 ×M / W consecutive bits are from the M first coded data streams, and every S in the fourth coded data stream 1 ×M / W consecutive bits, the number of bits belonging to each of the M first coded data streams is the same, and S 1 is a positive integer and S 1 64. The method of claim 63, wherein ×M is an integer multiple of W.

65. S 1 65. The method of claim 64, wherein m = 2×q×W, and every 2×q×M consecutive bits in the fourth encoded data stream comprises M sets of bits, the M sets of bits being from different first encoded data streams, and each of the M sets of bits comprising 2×q consecutive bits belonging to the same first encoded data stream.

66. 66. The method of any one of claims 55 to 65, wherein M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

67. performing an FEC encoding process on the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain the M first encoded data streams, performing FEC encoding in parallel on every 2×M bit sequences in the to-be-transmitted bit data stream to obtain 2×M fifth encoded data streams, each of the 2×M bit sequences comprising a plurality of bits; performing an interleaving operation on every two fifth coded data streams among the 2×M fifth coded data streams to obtain the M first coded data streams; Equipped with 67. The method of any one of claims 55 to 66.

68. A data processing method in optical communication, comprising: obtaining W second dual-polarized symbol data streams, where W is an integer greater than 1, and each of the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams is arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions; performing fourth data processing on the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain M first encoded data streams; M is an integer greater than 1, the fourth data processing comprises receiver DSP processing and symbol demapping processing, and q×P bits obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on P consecutive symbols other than a first symbol sequence in the second dual polarization symbol data stream are distributed to at least two of the M first encoded data streams in either polarization direction, the first symbol sequence comprising one or more of pilot symbols, frame alignment words, training symbols, or reserved symbols, P is an integer greater than 1, q is a positive integer, and q bits are obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on each symbol in either polarization direction; performing an FEC decoding process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain an expected-to-receive bit data stream; A data processing method comprising:

69. obtaining the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams; receiving the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from a transmitter device via W paths of optical signals of different wavelengths or through W optical fibers to obtain the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams from the transmitter device, or demultiplexing the received signal of one path to obtain W subcarriers; 69. The method of claim 68.

70. 70. The method of claim 68 or 69, wherein P=M, the q×P bits are distributed among the M first encoded data streams, and every q bits of the q×P bits are distributed among one of the M first encoded data streams.

71. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the q bits obtained by performing a symbol demapping process on each symbol in either polarization direction are distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

72. 72. A method according to claim 70 or 71, wherein M consecutive dual polarization symbols other than the first symbol sequence in the second dual polarization symbol data stream are entirely comprised of 2×M symbols in the two polarization directions, 2×q×M bits are obtained by performing symbol demapping on the 2×M symbols, and the 2×q×M bits are distributed to the M first encoded data streams, and 2×q bits obtained by performing symbol demapping on two symbols entirely comprised in each dual polarization symbol in the two polarization directions are distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

73. performing fourth data processing on the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; performing polarization combining and symbol demapping on the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W eighth encoded data streams; performing receiver DSP processing on each of the W eighth coded data streams to obtain W third coded data streams; merging the W third encoded data streams to obtain a second encoded data stream; distributing the second coded data stream among the M first coded data streams; Equipped with 73. The method of any one of claims 70 to 72.

74. Every M consecutive bit sets in the second coded data stream are distributed to the M first coded data streams, and each of the M bit sets is a set of S belonging to the same first coded data stream. 0 S 0 is a positive integer, and every L 1 consecutive bits are from the same third coded data stream, and L 1 is a positive integer and L 1 S 0 × M / W.

75. L 1 =S 0 ×M, and every L in the third encoded data stream 1 75. The method of claim 74, wherein consecutive bits comprise the M bit sets, and the M bit sets are distributed among the M first encoded data streams.

76. performing fourth data processing on the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain the M first encoded data streams; performing polarization combining and symbol demapping on the W second dual-polarized symbol data streams to obtain W ninth encoded data streams; performing receiver DSP processing on each of the W ninth coded data streams to obtain W fourth coded data streams; distributing the W fourth coded data streams to the M first coded data streams; Equipped with 73. The method of any one of claims 70 to 72.

77. Any S in the fourth encoded data stream 1 ×M / W consecutive bits are distributed among the M first coded data streams, and every S 1 ×M / W consecutive bits, the number of bits going into each of the M first coded data streams is the same, and S 1 is a positive integer and S 1 77. The method of claim 76, wherein ×M is an integer multiple of W.

78. S 1 78. The method of claim 77, wherein M = 2×q×W, and every 2×q×M consecutive bits in the third encoded data stream comprises M sets of bits, the M sets of bits being distributed to different first encoded data streams, and each of the M sets of bits comprising 2×q consecutive bits distributed to the same first encoded data stream.

79. 79. The method of any one of claims 70 to 78, wherein M=4 and W=2, M=2 and W=2, or M=4 and W=4.

80. performing an FEC decoding process on the M first encoded data streams to obtain the expected received bit data stream, performing a deinterleaving operation on the M first encoded data streams to obtain 2×M fifth encoded data streams; performing FEC decoding operations in parallel on the 2×M fifth encoded data streams to obtain a stream of bit data to be transmitted; Equipped with every 2×M consecutive bit sequences in the bit data stream are from the 2×M fifth coded data streams, and a plurality of bits in each of the 2×M bit sequences are from the same fifth coded data stream; 80. The method of any one of claims 68 to 79.

81. A data processing device in optical communication, the data processing device comprising a processor, the processor configured to perform the data processing method of any one of claims 1 to 27, or the data processing method of any one of claims 55 to 67.

82. A data processing device in optical communications, the data processing device comprising a processor, the processor configured to perform the data processing method of any one of claims 28 to 54, or the method of any one of claims 68 to 80.

83. A data processing device in optical communication, the data processing device comprising a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface configured to receive and transmit data, and the processor configured to perform the data processing method of any one of claims 1 to 27 or to perform the data processing method of any one of claims 55 to 67.

84. A data processing device in optical communication, the data processing device comprising a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface configured to receive and transmit data, and the processor configured to perform the data processing method of any one of claims 28 to 54 or the method of any one of claims 68 to 80.

85. An optical module comprising an encoder and a transmitter signal processor, configured to carry out a data processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 27, or configured to carry out a data processing method according to any one of claims 55 to 67, Optical module.

86. An optical module comprising a receiver signal processor and a decoder, configured to carry out a data processing method according to any one of claims 28 to 54 or configured to carry out a method according to any one of claims 68 to 80, Optical module.

87. 10. An optical communication system comprising a sending device and a receiving device, wherein the sending device is configured to perform a data processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 27, or to perform a data processing method according to any one of claims 55 to 67, and the receiving device is configured to perform a data processing method according to any one of claims 28 to 54, or to perform a method according to any one of claims 68 to 80.

88. 10. A computer readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a processor, enable the processor to perform the data processing method of any one of claims 1 to 27, to perform the data processing method of any one of claims 28 to 54, to perform the data processing method of any one of claims 55 to 67, or to perform the data processing method of any one of claims 68 to 80.

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