Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving reference signals.

Abstract

This application provides a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving reference signals. A terminal device generates a frame. The frame includes data and a plurality of reference signals, where the difference between the starting positions of two adjacent reference signals is associated with the maximum sampling clock offset allowed by the terminal device. According to the method, performance loss caused by the sampling clock offset introduced by a low-precision ring oscillator can be reduced, and the receiving performance of the receiving device can be improved.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application relates to the field of communications, and more specifically to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving reference signals. [Background technology]

[0002] The demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for new radio (NR) systems is designed for synchronous systems. In a synchronous system, each radio frame has a strictly fixed length. The base station is synchronized with GPS, and terminals are adjusted to synchronize with the base station within a certain period. Therefore, the effects of large SFOs do not need to be considered during the DMRS design for data in a synchronous system. According to the 3GPP® protocol specification, the sampling clock offset cannot exceed ±0.1 ppm. In NR design, the time-domain resource units (symbol granularity) occupied by the DMRS and data are aligned. As a result, in the case of large SFOs, the DMRS and data cannot be distinguished, and consequently, the data is mistakenly considered as the DMRS.

[0003] As NR (Machine-Type Communication, MTC) and Internet of Things (IoT) communications become increasingly widespread, the number of connected IoT devices is growing daily. Market forecasts predict that the number of global IoT connections will reach tens of billions, or even hundreds of billions, by 2030. The industry has an increasingly strong demand for reducing the cost and power consumption of IoT devices.

[0004] The lifecycle of an IoT device is typically measured in terms of years or even decades. Furthermore, a large number of IoT devices are widely distributed, and many are still installed in locations that are difficult to access. Maintenance costs caused by periodic battery replacement are too high. Therefore, avoiding battery replacement within the device's lifecycle is urgent. Additionally, high-performance batteries with long lifespans and meeting the rated voltage and power requirements of the device module are typically expensive, significantly increasing the device's cost. In conclusion, low-power, low-cost IoT devices are a key evolutionary trend for the next generation of IoT. Due to the constraints of low power consumption, low-accuracy, low-power ring oscillators are used in IoT devices, resulting in larger frequency errors.

[0005] In NR designs, the time-domain resource units occupied by the DMRS and the data are aligned. As a result, in the case of large SFOs, the DMRS and the data cannot be distinguished, and consequently, the data is mistakenly considered as the DMRS. According to the NR protocol specifications, the sampling clock offset cannot exceed ±0.1 ppm. However, the frequency error of low-power and low-cost IoT devices cannot meet the requirements of the NR protocol. Therefore, the reference signal of low-power and low-cost IoT devices needs to be redesigned to reduce the performance loss caused by the sampling clock offset introduced by the low-precision ring oscillator and to further improve the receiving performance of the receiving device. [Overview of the project]

[0006] This application provides a reference signal transmission method for reducing performance loss caused by sampling clock offset introduced by a low-precision ring oscillator and improving the receiving performance of a receiving device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to a first embodiment, a method for transmitting a reference signal is provided. The communication method may be performed by a first device, or by a chip or circuit installed in the first device. The first device may be a terminal device.

[0008] The method includes the following:

[0009] The first device generates a frame. The frame contains N reference signals and data, where N ≥ 2, the i-th reference signal precedes the (i+1)-th reference signal, and 1 ≤ i ≤ N. The other reference signals do not precede the i-th reference signal or the (i+1)-th reference signal.

[0010] At least a portion of the data is contained between the i-th reference signal and the (i+1)-th reference signal.

[0011] The time length of one symbol of data in the first device is t1 + Δt, where t1 is the target time length of one symbol of data in the first device, and the absolute value of Δt is less than or equal to the absolute value t2 of the symbol time offset caused by the maximum sampling clock offset allowed by the first device.

[0012] The time domain start position of the i-th reference signal within the frame is P i Therefore, the time-domain start position of the (i+1)th reference signal within the frame is P i+1 P i+1 -P i is associated with a,

number

[0013] The first device transmits the frame to the second device.

[0014] According to a second aspect, a reference signal receiving method is provided. The communication method may be executed by a second device, or may be performed by a chip or a circuit disposed in the second device. The second device may be a network device.

[0015] The method includes the following.

[0016] The second device receives a frame, the frame includes N reference signals and data, N≧2, the i-th reference signal precedes the (i + 1)-th reference signal, 1≦i≦N, and other reference signals do not precede the i-th reference signal and the (i + 1)-th reference signal, and at least a part of the data is included between the i-th reference signal and the (i + 1)-th reference signal.

[0017] The time length of one symbol of the data in the first device is t1+Δt, t1 is the target time length of one symbol of the data in the first device and the second device, and the absolute value of Δt is not more than the absolute value t2 of the symbol time offset caused by the maximum sampling clock offset allowed by the first device.

[0018] The time domain start position of the i-th reference signal in the frame is P i and the time domain start position of the (i + 1)-th reference signal in the frame is P i+1 and P i+1 -P i is associated with a,

Number

[0019] The second device demodulates the data based on the N reference signals.

[0020] According to a third aspect, a reference signal transmitting and receiving method is provided. The method includes the following.

[0021] The first device generates a frame, which contains N reference signals and data, where N ≥ 2, the i-th reference signal precedes the (i+1)-th reference signal, 1 ≤ i ≤ N, and the other reference signals do not precede the i-th or (i+1)-th reference signal. At least a portion of the data is contained between the i-th and (i+1)-th reference signals.

[0022] The time length of one symbol of data in the first device is t1 + Δt, where t1 is the target time length of one symbol of data in both the first and second devices, and the absolute value of Δt is less than or equal to the absolute value t2 of the symbol time offset caused by the maximum sampling clock offset allowed by the first device.

[0023] The time domain start position of the i-th reference signal within the frame is P i Therefore, the time-domain start position of the (i+1)th reference signal within the frame is P i+1 P i+1 -P i is associated with a,

number

[0024] The first device transmits a frame to the second device. The second device receives the frame. The second device demodulates the data based on a reference signal.

[0025] The method provided in this application can reduce the performance loss caused by the sampling clock offset SFO introduced by a low-precision ring oscillator, thereby improving the receiving performance of the receiving device. When the sampling clock offset is large, the receiving device searches for a reference signal at a corresponding position based on the possible positions of each reference signal present when the sampling clock offset is taken into account. When the i-th reference signal is searched for, the (i+1)th or (i-1)th reference signal does not appear in the search range. The receiving device does not confuse the positions of two adjacent reference signals, thereby improving the receiving performance.

[0026] In relation to at least one of the first to third embodiments, the following designs are further provided.

[0027] P i+1 -P i The fact that it is associated with a means that P i+1 -P i However, a, and the following parameters, namely, Length of data within a frame, N, The length of each reference signal within the frame, or P i This includes being associated with at least one of the following.

[0028] In one example, N ≥ 3, and the N reference signals include the l-th reference signal, the m-th reference signal, and the n-th reference signal, where 1 ≤ l, m, n ≤ N. The l-th reference signal precedes the m-th reference signal, and the m-th reference signal precedes the n-th reference signal. The time-domain start position of the l-th reference signal within the frame is P. l Therefore, the time domain start position of the m-th reference signal within the frame is P m Therefore, the time-domain start position of the nth reference signal within the frame is P n P n -P m >P m -P lTherefore, due to the cumulative effect of SFO, reference signals closer to the end of the frame have a larger SFO, and longer distances between adjacent reference signals result in less overlap.

[0029] P i+1 -P i The association of with a includes the following:

[0030]

number

number

[0031] In one example,

number

[0032] For example, P i+1 -P i The association of with a includes the following:

number

[0033] In one example,

number

number

[0034] The second device transmits instruction information to the first device, and the instruction information is P i This shows that 1 ≤ i ≤ N, The first device receives instruction information.

[0035] According to a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided. The communication device includes at least one processor, the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory, and the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instruction stored in at least one memory, such that the communication device performs the method according to the first or second aspect.

[0036] According to a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions. When the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the method according to the first or second aspect.

[0037] According to the sixth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product including instructions. When the computer program product is executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the method according to the first or second aspect.

[0038] According to a seventh aspect, a chip device including a processing circuit is provided. The processing circuit is configured to call a program from memory and execute the program so that a communication device incorporating the chip device performs a method according to any one of the possible embodiments of the first and second aspects.

[0039] According to the eighth aspect, the communication system is The system includes a first device and a second device, the first device communicating with the second device, the first device performing a method according to any possible embodiment of the first aspect, and the second device performing a method according to any possible embodiment of the second aspect. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0040] [Figure 1] This is a diagram of a communication system to which this application can be applied. [Figure 2] This is a diagram of Manchester coding. [Figure 3] This is a diagram of FM0 coding. [Figure 4] This is a diagram of the clock offset. [Figure 5] This diagram shows the offset of the reference signal on the receiving and transmitting sides due to the clock offset SFO between reception and transmission. [Figure 6] This is a diagram of a communication method according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7]This is a block diagram of apparatus 700 according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] This is a block diagram of apparatus 800 according to one embodiment of the present application. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0041] The technical solution of this application will be described below with reference to the attached drawings.

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application may be applied to various communication systems, such as long-term evolution (LTE) systems, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, LTE time division duplex (TDD) systems, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication systems, 5th generation (5G) systems, NR systems, or future networks. The 5G mobile communication system in this application includes non-standalone (NSA) 5G mobile communication systems or standalone (SA) 5G mobile communication systems. The technical solutions provided in this application may be further applied to future communication systems, for example, 6th generation mobile communication systems. Alternatively, the communication system may be a public land mobile network (PLMN), a device-to-device (D2D) communication system, a machine-to-machine (M2M) communication system, an IoT communication system, or another communication system.

[0043] In embodiments of this application, terminal equipment may be an access terminal, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, relay station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, user equipment (UE), terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device. Alternatively, terminal equipment may be a cellular telephone, cordless telephone, session initiation protocol (SIP) telephone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device, another processing device connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle device, wearable device, terminal device in a 5G network, or terminal device in a future advanced public land mobile network (PLMN), or terminal device in a future vehicle internet, etc. This is not limited to embodiments of this application.

[0044] For illustrative purposes only, and not as an limitation, in the embodiments of this application, wearable devices may also be referred to as wearable intelligent devices, and are a general term for wearable devices developed by intelligently designing everyday clothing using wearable technology, such as eyeglasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that can be worn directly by a user or incorporated into a user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not only hardware devices but also perform powerful functions through software support, data exchange, and cloud interaction. In a broad sense, wearable intelligent devices include full-featured large devices that can implement all or part of their functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, and devices that focus on only one type of application function and need to work in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bands or smart jewelry for monitoring bodily signs.

[0045] In addition, in the embodiments of this application, the terminal device may be a terminal device in an IoT system. For example, the terminal device may be a label, such as an active label or a passive label. IoT is an important element in the future development of information technology. The main technical feature of IoT is that it connects things to a network by using communication technology to realize an intelligent network for interconnection between people and machines and between things. In the embodiments of this application, IoT technology can implement large-scale connectivity, deep coverage, and terminal power saving by using, for example, narrow-band (NB) technology.

[0046] In addition, in embodiments of this application, the terminal device may further include sensors, such as an intelligent printer, a train detector, or a gas station. The main functions of the terminal device include collecting data (by several terminal devices), receiving control information and downlink data from network devices, transmitting electromagnetic waves, and transmitting uplink data to network devices.

[0047] The network device in the embodiments of this application may be any communication device having wireless transceiver functionality and configured to communicate with a terminal device. The device includes, but is not limited to, an evolved node B (eNB), a radio network controller (RNC), a node B (NB), a home evolved node B (HeNB, or home node B, HNB), a baseband unit (BBU), or an access point (AP), wireless relay node, wireless backhaul node, transmission point (TP), or transmission and reception point (TRP) in a wireless fidelity (WIFI) system, or a gNB or transmission point (TRP or TP) in a 5G system such as an NR system, or one antenna panel or a group of antenna panels (including multiple antenna panels) of a base station in a 5G system, or a network node forming a gNB or transmission point, such as a baseband unit (BBU) or distributed unit (DU). Alternatively, the network device may be a reader / writer, etc.

[0048] In some configurations, the network device in the embodiments of this application may be a central unit (CU) or a distributed unit (DU), or the network device may include a CU or a DU. The gNB may further include an active antenna unit (AAU). The CU performs some functions of the gNB, and the DU performs some functions of the gNB. For example, the CU is responsible for processing non-real-time protocols and services and performs functions in the radio resource control (RRC) layer and the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer. The DU is responsible for processing physical layer protocols and real-time services and performs functions in the radio link control (RLC) layer, the media access control (MAC) layer, and the physical (PHY) layer. The AAU performs some physical layer processing functions, radio frequency processing, and functions related to the active antenna. Information in the RRC layer is ultimately converted to information in the PHY layer, or converted from information in the PHY layer. Therefore, in this architecture, higher-layer signaling, such as RRC layer signaling, can also be considered to be transmitted by the DU, or by both the DU and AAU. It will be understood that a network device may be a device comprising one or more of CU nodes, DU nodes, and AAU nodes. In addition, a CU may be classified as a network device within an access network (radio access network, RAN), or a CU may be classified as a network device within a core network (core network, CN). This is not limited to the present application.

[0049] Furthermore, the CU may be further divided into a central unit-control plane (CU-CP) and a central unit-user plane (CU-UP). Alternatively, the CU-CP and CU-UP may be deployed on different physical devices. The CU-CP is responsible for control plane functions, while the CU-UP is responsible for user plane functions.

[0050] Network devices and terminal devices, including indoor devices, outdoor devices, handheld devices, or vehicle-mounted devices, may be deployed on land, on water, or on aircraft, balloons, and orbital satellites. The scenarios in which network devices and terminal devices are deployed are not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0051] In embodiments of this application, a terminal device or network device includes a hardware layer, an operating system layer running on the hardware layer, and an application layer running on the operating system layer. The hardware layer includes hardware such as a central processing unit (CPU), a memory management unit (MMU), and memory (also called main memory). The operating system may be one or more types of computer operating systems that implement service processing through processes, and may be, for example, a Linux® operating system, a Unix operating system, an Android® operating system, an iOS operating system, or a Windows operating system. The application layer includes applications such as a browser, an address book, word processing software, and instant messaging software.

[0052] In addition, aspects or features of this application may be implemented as methods, apparatus, or products using standard programming and / or engineering techniques. As used in this application, the term “product” encompasses computer programs that can be accessed from any computer-readable component, carrier, or medium. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage components (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes), optical discs (e.g., compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), smart cards, and flash memory components (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives)). In addition, the various storage media described herein may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media configured to store information. The term “machine-readable storage medium” may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels, as well as various other media that can store, contain, and / or carry instructions and / or data.

[0053] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the communication system shown in Figure 1 is used first as an example to describe in detail the communication systems to which the embodiments of this application are applicable. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 100 may include at least one network device, for example, the network device 101 shown in Figure 1. The communication system 100 may further include at least one terminal device, for example, the terminal devices 102-107 shown in Figure 1. The terminal devices 102-107 may be mobile or fixed. The network device 101 may communicate with one or more of the terminal devices 102-107 via a wireless link. Each network device may provide communication coverage to a specific geographic area or communicate with terminal devices located within the coverage area.

[0054] Optionally, terminal devices may communicate directly with each other. For example, direct communication between terminal devices may be achieved by using device-to-device (D2D) technology. As shown in Figure 1, terminal devices 105 and 106, and terminal devices 105 and 107 may communicate directly with each other using D2D technology. Terminal devices 106 and 107 may communicate with terminal device 105 separately or simultaneously.

[0055] Alternatively, terminal devices 105-107 may communicate with network device 101 separately. For example, direct communication with network device 101 may be performed. For instance, terminal devices 105 and 106 in the figure may communicate directly with network device 101. Or, indirect communication with network device 101 may be performed. For example, terminal device 107 in the figure communicates with network device 101 via terminal device 105.

[0056] Multiple antennas may be configured for each communication device. For each communication device in the communication system 100, the multiple configured antennas may include at least one transmission antenna configured to transmit a signal and at least one receiving antenna configured to receive a signal. Thus, the communication devices in the communication system 100 may communicate with each other by using multi-antenna technology.

[0057] For example, the terminal device in the embodiment of this application is equipped with a low-power receiver circuit for envelope detection. The receiver circuit is configured to receive information. The communication system shown in Figure 1 includes at least one terminal device equipped with a low-power receiver circuit for envelope detection (for example, one or more of terminal devices 102 to 107 are equipped with a low-power receiver circuit for envelope detection).

[0058] Specifically, the terminal device equipped with a low-power receiver circuit for envelope detection in the embodiments of this application may be understood as a user-side entity configured to receive or transmit signals, such as an industrial network sensor, a video surveillance camera, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch), a water meter, an electric meter, and another terminal device having auxiliary circuitry.

[0059] Please understand that Figure 1 is merely a simplified example for ease of understanding. The communication system 100 may further include other network devices or other terminal devices not shown in Figure 1.

[0060] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, some basic concepts of the embodiments of this application will be briefly explained.

[0061] 1. Amplitude shift keying (ASK) A digitally modulated signal is called a binary digital modulated signal if the possible states of the digitally modulated signal correspond one-to-one with binary information symbols, or the corresponding baseband signal states of the binary information symbols. Keying performed using binary information symbols is called binary amplitude shift keying and is represented by ASK.

[0062] In the "binary amplitude shift keying" method, a carrier with amplitude A represents bit "1", and a carrier that undergoes shutdown represents bit 0. The reverse is also applicable.

[0063] ASK is a relatively simple modulation scheme, equivalent to amplitude modulation of an analog signal. The only difference is that the carrier frequency signal is multiplied by a binary digital code. Amplitude shifting uses amplitude as a variable, while frequency and phase are constants. Information bits are transmitted using the carrier amplitude.

[0064] 2. On-Off Keying (OOK) Modulation OOK modulation is binary amplitude shift keying. OOK is a special case of ASK modulation. High-amplitude symbols (or envelopes, levels, energy, etc.) (e.g., those above the threshold or non-zero) are called OOK symbol 1, or OOK symbol ON, or OOK symbol ON, while low-amplitude symbols (or envelopes, levels, energy, etc.) (e.g., those below the threshold or zero) are called OOK symbol 0, or OOK symbol OFF, or OOK symbol OFF. The magnitude of the amplitude is defined with respect to the receiver's amplitude demodulation threshold. If the amplitude is greater than the demodulation threshold, the amplitude is high. If the amplitude is less than the demodulation threshold, the amplitude is low.

[0065] 3. Phase shift keying (PSK) Phase shift keying is a modulation technique that uses carrier phase to represent input signal information. Binary phase modulation is used as an example. When the symbol is "1", the modulated carrier and unmodulated carrier are in phase. When the symbol is "0", the modulated carrier and unmodulated carrier are out of phase. When the symbol is "1" or "0", the phase difference between the modulated carrier and unmodulated carrier is 180°.

[0066] 4. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) The amplitude and phase change simultaneously, belonging to two-dimensional modulation of a non-constant envelope. QAM is a combination of orthogonal carrier modulation techniques and multilevel amplitude shift keying.

[0067] Quadrature amplitude shift keying is a method for combining two amplitude-modulated signals (ASK and PSK) into a single channel. A quadrature amplitude-modulated signal has two carriers of the same frequency but with a 90-degree phase difference. One signal is the I-channel signal, and the other is the Q-channel signal. Mathematically, one signal is represented as a sine and the other as a cosine. The two modulated carriers are mixed during transmission. After arriving at the destination, the carriers are separated, the data is extracted separately, and then mixed with the original modulated information.

[0068] QAM uses two independent baseband signals to perform sideband suppression carrier modulation on two mutually orthogonal in-frequency carriers. Two-channel parallel transmission of digital information is achieved by utilizing the orthogonality of the spectra of the modulated signals within the same bandwidth.

[0069] Common QAM modulation methods include binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16QAM, and 64QAM.

[0070] 5. Constellation Point The modulation symbols of a modulation scheme are represented as constellation points. One axis of the coordinate system of the modulation symbol represents the I channel and the coordinates of the I channel signal. The other axis of the coordinate system of the modulation symbol represents the Q channel and the coordinates of the Q channel signal. For example, in QPSK modulation, the four modulation symbols are

number

number

number

number

number

number

[0071] 6. Coherent recovery Coherent demodulation, also known as synchronous detection, is applicable to the demodulation of all linearly modulated signals. The key to performing coherent demodulation is that the receiving end must reconstruct a coherent carrier that is strictly synchronized with the modulating carrier. Coherent demodulation means inputting a reference signal that is coherent with the carrier (of the same frequency and phase) to be multiplied by the carrier using a multiplier.

[0072] 7. Non-coherent recovery In contrast to coherent demodulation, non-coherent demodulation, used when a communication receiver recovers the original digital baseband signal from a modulated high-frequency signal, is a demodulation method that does not require the extraction of carrier information. Non-coherent demodulation is generally easier to implement because it uses simpler circuitry. However, non-coherent demodulation has a slight performance loss compared to coherent demodulation.

[0073] 8. Envelope detection Envelope detection is a signal detection method that takes a high-frequency signal as an input signal and obtains the envelope or amplitude line of the original low-frequency signal via a half-wave or full-wave rectifier circuit. Based on the obtained envelope of the original signal, the receiver performs digital sampling on the envelope of the original signal and compares the envelope with an amplitude or energy threshold set by the receiver to determine whether the transmitted signal is 1 or 0, that is, whether the signal is on or off (ON / OFF).

[0074] 9. Line coding Line coding ensures that the data flow has sufficient clock information for the clock recovery circuit at the receiving end. Line coding technology can maintain a good DC balance, increase data transmission distance, and provide a more effective error detection mechanism.

[0075] The bits obtained by line coding are modulated into symbols using modulation schemes such as BPSK and ASK, and then sent to the air interface for transmission in an air interface waveform. Each bit in BPSK, ASK, and OOK is mapped to one symbol. The duration of one bit is the duration of one symbol, and is also the length of one symbol.

[0076] 10. Manchester Encoding Manchester coding is a line coding technique, also known as phase coding (PE), used at the physical layer to encode the clock and data of a synchronous bitstream. Its application in Ethernet media systems is as a self-synchronization method (the other being an external synchronization method) in 2-bit synchronization methods for data communication. That is, the receiver synchronizes by extracting a synchronization signal from the signal itself using a special code containing the synchronization signal, and locking the clock pulse frequency.

[0077] Manchester coding is typically used for local area network transmission. Manchester coding includes both clock and data in its data flow. When coded information is transmitted, a clock synchronization signal is also transmitted to the peer end. Each codeword has a transition and no DC component. Therefore, Manchester coding has self-synchronization capability and good interference immunity. However, each symbol is modulated to two levels. Consequently, the data transmission rate is only half the modulation rate.

[0078] In Manchester coding, there is a transition between each bit, and this transition is used as both a clock signal and a data signal. One representation is as follows: a high-to-low transition is represented by 1, and a low-to-high transition is represented by 0. Alternatively, a low-to-high level transition is represented by 1, and a high-to-low level transition is represented by 0.

[0079] Figure 2 shows Manchester coding, where data bit 1 is represented by 10 and data bit 0 is represented by 01.

[0080] 11.FM0 encoding The full name of FM0 coding (i.e., Bi-Phase Space Coding) is two-phase spatial coding, and it is also a type of line coding. The operating principle is as follows: After one bit of data is coded by FM0 coding, two bits are output. The two bits of data 0 are different, either 01 or 10. The two bits of data 1 are the same, either 00 or 11.

[0081] As shown in Figure 3, the bit values ​​obtained by FM0 encoding in Figure 3 depend on the previous transmission form of that bit. The left diagram in Figure 3 shows an FM0 encoded symbol for 1 bit data. One FM0 symbol contains 2 bits, where the two FM0 encoded bits for data 0 may be 10 or 01, and the two FM0 encoded bits for data 1 may be 11 or 00. The right diagram in Figure 3 shows a 2-bit FM0 encoded sequence. Before FM0 encoding, the bits are 00. When the two FM0 encoded bits of the first 0 are 10, the two FM0 encoded bits of the second 0 are 10. When the two FM0 encoded bits of the first 0 are 01, the two FM0 encoded bits of the second 0 are 01. Similarly, for bits that are 01, 10, or 11 before encoding, see the right diagram in Figure 3. The two FM0 coded bits of the (k+1)th bit before FM0 coding are related to the value of the (k+1)th bit before coding, and further related to the second of the two FM0 coded bits of the kth bit. The first FM0 coded bit of the (k+1)th bit before FM0 coding is opposite to the second of the two FM0 coded bits of the kth bit. Table 1 shows the relationship between the kth bit and the (k+1)th bit before and after coding.

[0082] [Table 1]

[0083] 12. Sampling Clock Offset Due to their low power consumption and low cost, ring oscillators with low frequency accuracy are commonly used in low-cost IoT terminals. The sampling clock of a terminal device is less accurate than the sampling clock of a network device, and the oscillator used by the terminal for transmission does not match the oscillator used by the base station for reception. As a result, the sampling clocks of the terminal and base station do not match, as shown in Figure 4. For example, the terminal device is on the transmitting side and the network device is on the receiving side. Due to the mismatch between the transmitting oscillator and the receiving oscillator, the symbol length on the transmitting side differs from the symbol length on the receiving side.

[0084] Currently, in a typical case, the sampling clock offset can reach ε ~ ±10% without calibration, where

number

[0085] If a sampling frequency offset (SFO) exists, the cumulative effect of the SFO, e.g., ε = 10%,

number

[0086] Sampling clock offset causes symbol timing errors. BPSK is used as an example. For a single BPSK symbol, the bits obtained through modulation are called symbols, and BPSK means that one bit corresponds to one symbol.

[0087] Symbol timing errors affect two consecutive out-of-phase symbols, and the timing error is

number

number

number

[0088] Estimating and compensating for SFO in a system is crucial for the system's data demodulation performance.

[0089] Figure 5 shows the offset of the reference signal at the receiving and transmitting sides due to the clock offset SFO between reception and transmission. In Figure 5, Tx represents the time-domain position of the reference signal when timing is performed at the transmitting side, "Rx-1" represents the possible time-domain position of the reference signal at the receiving side when the symbol timing at the receiving side is shorter than the symbol timing at the transmitting side, and "Rx-2" represents the possible time-domain position of the reference signal at the receiving side when the symbol timing at the receiving side is longer than the symbol timing at the transmitting side.

[0090] The permissible sampling clock offset in communications is generally limited by the communication protocol. For example, the 3GPP® protocol (section 6.4.1 of 3GPP® TS38.101-1 V18.0.0) limits the frequency error to within ±0.1 ppm, with a maximum value of 0.1 ppm, denoted as b, and the maximum permissible symbol timing offset.

number

[0091] 13. Asynchronous Systems Asynchronous communication is a common mode of communication. Compared to synchronous communication, in asynchronous communication, the slots between symbols being transmitted can be arbitrary when symbols are sent. The transmitting end may start transmitting symbols at any time. Therefore, each symbol must be flagged at the start and end, i.e., a start bit and a stop bit are added, so that the receiving end can correctly receive each symbol. After completing the corresponding operation, the internal processor uses a callback mechanism to notify the transmitting end that the transmitted symbol has been returned.

[0092] In asynchronous communication, frames may be used as the transmission unit. The receiving end must be ready to receive frames at any time. In this case, a special combination of bits is set in the frame header so that the receiving end can find the start of the frame. This is also called a frame delimiter. The aforementioned special combination of bits is called a preamble or preamble sequence. The frame delimiter also includes determining the end position of the frame. There are two ways to do this. In one way, a special combination of bits is set at the end of the frame to mark the end of the frame. Or, a frame length field is set in the frame header. Note that when frames are transmitted asynchronously, this does not mean that the transmitting end must append start and stop bits to each character in the frame before transmitting the frame. Instead, the transmitting end may transmit frames at any time, and the time interval between frames may also be arbitrary. All bits in a single frame are transmitted consecutively. The transmitting end does not need to coordinate with the receiving end before transmitting a frame (bit synchronization does not need to be performed first). A system in which asynchronous communication takes place is called an asynchronous system. Embodiments of this application may be applied to asynchronous systems.

[0093] A reference signal may be inserted into the data frame. For example, the k-th reference signal is inserted after the n-th symbol, and the time-domain start position of the k-th reference signal is the (n+1)-th symbol, which is P k It is expressed as P k =n+1

[0094] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following points will be explained.

[0095] Firstly, the designations “First,” “Second,” and various numbers (e.g., “#1,” “#2,” etc.) used in this application are merely for illustrative purposes and are used to distinguish objects, but are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application, for example, to distinguish different messages, but not to describe a particular order or series. It should be understood that such objects are interchangeable in appropriate contexts so that solutions other than those described in the embodiments of this application may be described.

[0096] Secondly, the term "and / or" in this application is merely a relational term used to describe the related subjects, and three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may refer to the following three cases: that only A exists, that both A and B exist, and that only B exists.

[0097] Without losing generality, the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below by using an interaction between a network device and a terminal device as an example. For example, the second device is a network device, and the first device is a terminal device. The terminal device may be a low-power device, such as a tag. The network device may be a reader / writer or a base station.

[0098] Figure 6 is a diagram of a communication method according to one embodiment of this application. Hereinafter, for illustrative purposes, an example is used in which the terminal device is on the transmitting side and the network device is on the receiving side. The reverse is also applicable.

[0099] S601: The terminal device generates a frame. The frame contains data and multiple reference signals, and the difference between the starting positions of two adjacent reference signals is associated with the sampling clock offset.

[0100] A frame contains N reference signals and data, where N ≥ 2, the i-th reference signal precedes the (i+1)-th reference signal, 1 ≤ i ≤ N, the other reference signals do not precede the i-th or (i+1)-th reference signal, and the i-th and (i+1)-th reference signals contain at least a portion of the data.

[0101] The time length of one symbol of data in a terminal device is t1 + Δt. t1 is the target time length of one symbol of data in the terminal device, and is also the target time length of one symbol of data in a network device. The target time length of one symbol of data may also be understood as the expected time length of one symbol of data, or an ideal value. However, due to component errors, there is a certain offset between the actual time length of one symbol of data on the transmitting (or receiving) side and the ideal value. The absolute value of Δt is less than or equal to the absolute value t2 of the symbol time offset caused by the maximum sampling clock offset allowed by the first device. In general, the timing of network devices is accurate. The time length of one symbol of data in a network device may be considered to be t1.

[0102] The time domain start position of the i-th reference signal within the frame is P i Therefore, the time-domain start position of the (i+1)th reference signal within the frame is P i+1 P i+1 -P i It is associated with a.

number

[0103] When the SFO is large, the receiver searches for the reference signal at the corresponding position based on the possible positions of each reference signal present when the SFO is considered. When the i-th reference signal is searched for, the (i+1)th or (i-1)th reference signal does not appear in the search range. The receiver does not confuse the positions of two adjacent reference signals, thereby improving reception performance.

[0104] S602: The terminal device sends a frame to the network device. The network device receives the frame in response. The network device demodulates the data within the frame. For example, the network device estimates the channel based on a reference signal and then demodulates the data based on the estimated channel.

[0105] For example, P i+1 -P i However, a, and the following parameters, namely, Length of data within a frame, The number of reference signals N, for example, in Figure 5, N=2. The length of each reference signal within the frame, or P i It is associated with at least one of the following.

[0106] To avoid direct confusion between adjacent reference signals, the possible positions of adjacent reference signals at the receiver do not overlap. In Figure 5, at the receiver, the possible positions of reference signal 1 and reference signal 2 do not overlap. Due to the cumulative effect of SFO, later reference signals have a larger variation range. As shown in Figure 5, at the receiver, the possible position range of reference signal 1 is smaller than the possible position range of reference signal 2. Within a frame, the interval between later reference signals in the time domain is also larger. The interval between two reference signals can be understood as the difference between the starting positions of the two reference signals. For example, if N ≥ 3, then N reference signals include the l-th reference signal, the m-th reference signal, and the n-th reference signal, and 1 ≤ l, m, n ≤ N. The l-th reference signal precedes the m-th reference signal, the m-th reference signal precedes the n-th reference signal, and the time domain starting position of the l-th reference signal in the frame is P l Therefore, the time domain start position of the m-th reference signal within the frame is P m Therefore, the time-domain start position of the nth reference signal within the frame is P n That is the case.

[0107] P n -P m >P m -P l Therefore, due to the cumulative effect of SFO, reference signals closer to the end of a frame have a larger SFO, and longer distances between adjacent reference signals indicate less overlap between the possible start position of the next reference signal and the possible end position of the previous reference signal.

[0108] P i+1 -P i The fact that it is associated with a means that P i+1 -P i This includes satisfying the following equation:

number

[0109] L i This value is obtained by rounding up the value obtained by dividing the length of the i-th reference signal by the length of one data symbol.

[0110] On the terminal device side (the side transmitting the reference signal),

number

[0111] On the network device side (the receiving side of the reference signal),

number

[0112] P i+1 -P i If equation (1) is satisfied, the overlap of possible positions of the i-th reference signal and the (i+1)-th reference signal due to the influence of SFO can be avoided, the reference signal at the corresponding position within the time window in which SFO is considered can be found more accurately, thereby improving the accuracy of SFO estimation and further improving data reception performance on the network side.

[0113] The following is derived according to Equation 1: (1+a)*(P i +L i )≦(1-a)*Pi+1

[0114] The above equation indicates that the end symbol of the i-th DMRS is always maintained before the start symbol of the (i + 1)-th DMRS.

Number

[0115] The start position P of the last reference signal among N reference signals N satisfies the following equation:

Number

[0116] L data is the number of symbols of the data within the frame.

[0117] The data length L data = 136 symbols, the reference signal is DMRS, there are 5 DMRSs, N = 5, the lengths of the 5 DMRSs are the same, the length of the DMRS symbol is the same as the length of the data symbol, each DMRS occupies 3 symbols, and L = L i = 3, i ∈ [1, 5], the sampling clock offset ε ∈ [-10%, 10%], and a = 0.1 are assumed. L frame is defined as the number of symbols included in the frame.

[0118] L frame = L data + N * L, and P i is the symbol position of the i-th DMRS. When the DMRS starts to be inserted from the end of the frame, for example, the DMRS is inserted at the end of the uplink frame: P N = L frame - L + 1, P5 = 149

Number

[0119] From front to back, the interval between DMRSs is 17, 20, 25, or 31 symbols, and the later DMRSs have larger DMRS intervals.

[0120] In one example, the reference signal is DMRS, the length of the DMRS symbol is different from that of the data symbol, and the lengths of N DMRSs are equal. Data length L data = 10 symbols, there are 3 DMRSs, N = 3, the lengths of the 3 DMRSs are the same, T i = 30 us, t1 = 20 us, and based on the equivalent length of the data symbol, L i is 2, L i = 2, assuming the sampling clock offset ε ∈ [-10%, 10%] and a = 0.1. The start positions of the following DMRSs are obtained according to Equations (1) and (2).

Equation

[0121] The frame format is as follows: [5 data symbols, DMRS1, 2 data symbols, DMRS2, 3 data symbols, DMRS3].

[0122] In one example, the reference signal is DRMS, and the intervals between adjacent DMRSs are equal. In this case, P i+1 -P i being associated with a includes the following:

Equation

[0123] The following is derived according to Equation 3: (1 + a)·(P i + L i ) ≦ (1 - a)·P i+1

[0124] The above equation shows that the ending symbol of the i-th DMRS is always preserved before the beginning symbol of the (i+1)-th DMRS. P i =L start +(i-1)*D

[0125] The above equation shows that when DMRSs are inserted at equal intervals, the starting symbol position of the i-th DMRS is the DMRS insertion interval of the position where the first DMRS is inserted + (i-1).

number

[0126] When (1-2*i*a+a)>0, that is,

number

[0127] When (1-2*i*a+a)<0, that is,

number

number

[0128] The DMRS interval is set to 7. In the frame, data and pilot are transmitted in the following format: [7 data symbols, DMRS1, 7 data symbols, DMRS2, 6 data symbols].

[0129] Equation (3) shows how adjacent DMRS are arranged at equal intervals. A larger spacing between adjacent DMRS is required at the end of the frame, hence P in Equation (5) i+1 -P i The SFO must be greater than or equal to the maximum interval among all adjacent DMRSs. Furthermore, the reference signals for all positions within the frame do not overlap with the possible positions of adjacent reference signals, and the pilot at that position is found more accurately within the time window in which the SFO is considered. At the receiving end, the calculation of the SFO estimate becomes more accurate, and receiving performance at the receiving end can be improved.

[0130] As shown in the example above, the number and intervals of DMRSs are limited to each other. start =8, L data = 20

[0131] In this example, the number of DMRSs N and D i They are mutually restrictive. For example, in the example above, L start = 8. D obtained according to equation (5) i The values ​​for D are shown in Table 1. i The maximum value is 49, and the above formula limits the number of pilots that can be calculated and inserted to only six.

[0132] [Table 2]

[0133] D also satisfies equation (4).

number

number

[0134] The following is derived according to Equation 4:

number

[0135] The above formula shows that there is no idle space between DMRS and the data. P N =L start +(N-1)*D

number

[0136] In one example, the reference signal is a DMRS, and N DMRSs of different lengths are inserted. Data length L data Assume that there are 10 symbols, three DMRS, N=3, L1=1, L2=2, L3=3, sampling clock offset ε∈[-10%,10%], and a=0.1. The starting positions of the following DMRS can be determined according to equations (1) and (2).

number

[0137] The frame format is as follows: [5 data symbols, DMRS1 (1 symbol), 2 data symbols, DMRS2 (2 symbols), 3 data symbols, DMRS3 (3 symbols)].

[0138] Reference signal start position P i This may be transmitted to the terminal device by the network device. The terminal device receives instruction information from the network device, and the instruction information is the start position P of the reference signal. i This indicates.

[0139] L data The aforementioned example, where =136 symbols, the reference signal is DMRS, and N=5, is used as an example, and the indication information shows that P5=149, P4=118, P3=93, P2=73, and P1=56.

[0140] The following describes in detail the communication device provided in the embodiments of this application with reference to Figures 7 and 8. It should be understood that the description of the device embodiment corresponds to the description of the method embodiment. Therefore, for matters not described in detail, please refer to the method embodiment described above. For the sake of brevity, some matters will not be described again.

[0141] In embodiments of this application, a transmission end device or a reception end device may be divided into functional modules based on the method examples described above. For example, each functional module may be obtained through division based on each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single processing module. The integrated module may be implemented in hardware form or in the form of a software functional module. Note that in embodiments of this application, the module division is merely an example and represents only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods may be used. Below, examples in which each functional module is obtained through division based on each function will be used for explanation.

[0142] Figure 7 is a block diagram of an apparatus 700 according to one embodiment of the present application. The apparatus 700 includes a transceiver unit 710, a processing unit 720, and a storage unit 730. The transceiver unit 710 may perform corresponding communication functions, and the transceiver unit 710 may also be referred to as a communication interface or communication unit. The processing unit 720 is configured to process data. The storage unit 730 is configured to store instructions and / or data, and the processing unit 720 may read instructions and / or data from the storage unit so that the apparatus performs the method embodiment described above.

[0143] The apparatus 700 may be configured to perform operations performed by the devices in the method embodiment described above, for example, the transmission end device (terminal device) or receiving end device (network device) described above. In this case, the apparatus 700 may be a device or a component that can be configured within a device, and the transceiver unit 710 may be configured to perform the transmission / reception related operations of the device in the method embodiment described above, and the processing unit 720 may be configured to perform the processing related operations of the device in the method embodiment described above.

[0144] In one design, the device 700 is configured to perform the operations performed by the transmission end device in the method embodiment described above.

[0145] The processing unit 720 is configured to generate a frame that includes a reference signal and data within the received frame.

[0146] The transceiver unit 710 is configured to transmit frames and receive instruction information, etc.

[0147] For explanations regarding reference signals and other factors, please refer to the method embodiment.

[0148] In one design, the device 700 is configured to perform the operations performed by the receiving end device (network device) in the method embodiment described above.

[0149] The transceiver unit 710 is configured to receive frames containing reference signals and data within the received frame. The transceiver unit 710 is further configured to transmit instruction information.

[0150] The processing unit 720 is configured to estimate the channel based on the reference signal, demodulate the data, and perform other similar tasks.

[0151] Apparatus 700 may perform steps or procedures performed by the transmission end device in the method embodiment according to the embodiments of this application. Apparatus 700 may include units configured to perform methods performed by the transmission end device in the method embodiment. In addition, the units within Apparatus 700 and the other operations and / or functions described above are used separately to perform the corresponding procedures of the method embodiment of the transmission end device in the method embodiment.

[0152] As shown in Figure 8, one embodiment of the present application further provides an apparatus 800, which includes a processor 810 and may further include one or more memories 820.

[0153] The processor 810 is coupled to the memory 820. The memory 820 is configured to store computer programs or instructions and / or data. The processor 810 is configured to execute the computer programs or instructions and / or data stored in the memory 820, as the method in the above-described embodiment is performed.

[0154] Optionally, the device 800 may further include a transceiver 830, as shown in Figure 8. The transceiver 830 is configured to receive and / or transmit signals. For example, the processor 810 is configured to control the transceiver 830 to receive and / or transmit signals.

[0155] The processor 810 in Figure 8 may be the processing unit 720 in Figure 7, or it may perform the functions of the processing unit 720. For specific operations performed by the processor 810, please refer to the previously described description of the processing unit 720. Details will not be explained again here. The transceiver 830 in Figure 8 may be the transceiver unit 710 in Figure 7, or it may perform the functions of the transceiver unit 710. For specific operations performed by the transceiver 830, please refer to the previously described description of the transceiver unit 710. Details will not be explained again here. The memory 820 in Figure 8 may be the storage unit 730 in Figure 7, or it may perform the functions of the storage unit 730.

[0156] Optionally, the device 800 includes one or more processors 810.

[0157] Optionally, the memory 820 and the processor 810 may be integrated or arranged separately.

[0158] In the solution, the device 800 is configured to perform the operations performed by the devices in the method embodiment described above (for example, the receiving end device or the transmitting end device described above).

[0159] One embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for carrying out the method performed by the device in the above-described method embodiment (e.g., the receiving end device or transmitting end device described above).

[0160] For example, when a computer program is executed by a computer, the computer is made capable of carrying out the method performed by the transmission end device in the aforementioned embodiment of the method.

[0161] One embodiment of this application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to carry out the method performed by the device in the above-described method embodiment (e.g., the receiving end device or transmitting end device described above).

[0162] One embodiment of this application further provides a communication system, which includes the devices in the above-described embodiment (e.g., the receiving end device or transmitting end device described above).

[0163] One embodiment of this application further provides a chip device including a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to call a program from memory and execute the program, so that the communication device on which the chip device is installed implements the method performed by the device in the above-described method embodiment (e.g., the receiving end device or transmitting end device described above).

[0164] For a description of the relevant aspects and beneficial effects of any of the devices provided above, please refer to the corresponding method embodiments provided above. Further details are not described again here.

[0165] It should be understood that the processor described in the embodiments of this application may be a central processing unit (CPU), or it may be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an FPGA (field programmable gate array), or another programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, etc.

[0166] It should be further understood that the memories referred to in the embodiments of this application may be volatile and / or non-volatile memories. Non-volatile memories may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM). For example, RAM may be used as an external cache. RAM may include, but is not limited to, several forms, such as static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM), synchlink dynamic random access memory (synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM), and direct rambus random access memory (direct rambus RAM, DR RAM).

[0167] Note that if the processor is a general-purpose processor, a DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, individual gate or transistor logic device, or individual hardware components, memory (storage module) may be integrated with the processor.

[0168] The memories described in this specification are intended to include these memories and any other memories of a suitable type, but it should be further noted that they are not limited thereto.

[0169] Those skilled in the art can recognize that, in combination with the examples described in the embodiments disclosed in this specification, the units and methods may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the function is implemented by hardware or by software depends on the specific application of the technical solution and the design constraints. Those skilled in the art may use various methods for each specific application to implement the described functions, but the implementation should not be considered to exceed the protection scope of this application.

[0170] In some embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the described device embodiments are merely examples. For example, the division into units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods during actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the indicated or considered mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be implemented via some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be implemented in an electronic form, a mechanical form or another form.

[0171] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units. Specifically, the components may be arranged in one place or distributed among multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on actual requirements to implement the solutions provided in this application.

[0172] In addition, the functional units in the embodiments of this application may be integrated into a single unit, each unit may exist physically independently, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit.

[0173] All or part of the above embodiments may be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When software is used to implement the embodiments, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the procedures or functions according to the embodiments of the present application are generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network, or another programmable device. For example, the computer may be a personal computer, a server, or a transmission-end device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted in a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave) manner from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center. The computer-readable storage medium may be any usable medium accessible by a computer, or a data storage device, for example, a server or a data center integrating one or more usable media. The usable media may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid state disk (SSD)), etc. For example, the aforementioned usable media may include, but are not limited to, any medium capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0174] The foregoing description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications or substitutions readily conceivable by a person skilled in the art within the scope of the art disclosed herein shall fall within the scope of protection of this application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of this application shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0175] 100 Communication Systems 101 Network Devices 102-107 Terminal devices 700 equipment 710 Transceiver Unit 720 processing units 730 Memory Units 800 equipment 810 processor 820 memory 830 Transceiver

Claims

1. A method for transmitting a reference signal, A first device generates a frame, wherein the frame includes N reference signals and data, N ≥ 2, the i-th reference signal precedes the (i+1)th reference signal, 1 ≤ i ≤ N, and the other reference signals do not precede the i-th reference signal or the (i+1)th reference signal. At least a portion of the aforementioned data is included between the i-th reference signal and the (i+1)-th reference signal, The time length of one symbol of the data in the first device is t1 + Δt, where t1 is the target time length of one symbol of the data in the first device, and the absolute value of Δt is less than or equal to the absolute value t2 of the symbol time offset caused by the maximum sampling clock offset allowed by the first device. The time domain start position of the i-th reference signal within the frame is P i Therefore, the time domain start position of the (i+1)th reference signal within the frame is P i＋1 P i＋1 -P i is associated with a, [Math 1] P i＋1 and P i The step is an integer, and The first device transmits the frame to the second device. A method for transmitting a reference signal, including the transmission of a reference signal.

2. P i＋1 -P i The fact that it is associated with a means that P i＋1 -P i is a and the following parameters, namely, The length of the data within the frame, N、 The length of each reference signal within the frame, or P i To be associated with at least one of the following The method according to claim 1, including the method described in claim 1.

3. N ≥ 3, and the N reference signals include the l-th reference signal, the m-th reference signal, and the n-th reference signal, and 1 ≤ l, m, n ≤ N. The l-th reference signal precedes the m-th reference signal, the m-th reference signal precedes the n-th reference signal, and the time-domain start position of the l-th reference signal within the frame is P l The time domain start position of the m-th reference signal within the frame is P m The time domain start position of the nth reference signal within the frame is P n And, P n -P m >P m -P l Being The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

4. P i＋1 -P i The fact that it is associated with a means that [Math 2] And L i This value is obtained by rounding up the value obtained by dividing the length of the i-th reference signal by the length of one data symbol. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, including the method described in any one of claims 1 to 3. [Request Item 5] [Number 3] And L data L is the number of symbols in the aforementioned data. i The value is obtained by rounding up the value obtained by dividing the length of the i-th reference signal by the length of one data symbol. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, including the method described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. P i＋1 -P i The fact that it is associated with a means that [Math 4] And L start L is the starting position of the first reference signal among the N reference signals. start ≥ 1, L i The value is obtained by rounding up the value obtained by dividing the length of the i-th reference signal by the length of one data symbol. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, including the method described in any one of claims 1 to 4. [Request Item 7] [Number 5] And, [Math 6] And L data This is the number of symbols in the aforementioned data. The method according to claim 6, including the method described in claim 6.

8. The first device receives instruction information, wherein the instruction information is P i This shows that 1 ≤ i ≤ N, step The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, including the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A method for transmitting a reference signal, A second device receives a frame, wherein the frame comprises N reference signals and data, N ≥ 2, the i-th reference signal precedes the (i+1)th reference signal, 1 ≤ i ≤ N, the other reference signals do not precede the i-th reference signal and the (i+1)th reference signal, and at least a portion of the data is contained between the i-th reference signal and the (i+1)th reference signal. The time length of one symbol of the data in the first device is t1 + Δt, where t1 is the target time length of one symbol of the data in the first and second devices, and the absolute value of Δt is less than or equal to the absolute value t2 of the symbol time offset caused by the maximum sampling clock offset allowed by the first device. The time domain start position of the i-th reference signal within the frame is P i Therefore, the time domain start position of the (i+1)th reference signal within the frame is P i＋1 P i＋1 -P i is associated with a, [Number 7] P i＋1 and P i The step is an integer, and The second device performs the steps of demodulating the data based on the N reference signals and A method for transmitting a reference signal, including the transmission of a reference signal.

10. P i＋1 -P i The fact that it is associated with a means that P i＋1 -P i However, a, and the following parameters, namely, The length of the data within the frame, N、 The length of each reference signal within the frame, or P i To be associated with at least one of the following The method according to claim 9, including the method described in claim 9.

11. N ≥ 3, and the N reference signals include the l-th reference signal, the m-th reference signal, and the n-th reference signal, and 1 ≤ l, m, n ≤ N. The l-th reference signal precedes the m-th reference signal, the m-th reference signal precedes the n-th reference signal, and the time-domain start position of the l-th reference signal within the frame is P l The time domain start position of the m-th reference signal within the frame is P m The time domain start position of the nth reference signal within the frame is P n And, P n -P m >P m -P l Being The method according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising:

12. P i＋1 -P i The fact that it is associated with a means that [Number 8] And L i This value is obtained by rounding up the value obtained by dividing the length of the i-th reference signal by the length of one data symbol. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, including the method described in any one of claims 9 to 11. [Request Item 13] [Number 9] And L data L is the number of symbols in the aforementioned data. i The value is obtained by rounding up the value obtained by dividing the length of the i-th reference signal by the length of one data symbol. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, including the method described in any one of claims 9 to 12.

14. P i＋1 -P i The fact that it is associated with a means that [Number 10] And L start L is the starting position of the first reference signal among the N reference signals. start ≥ 1, L i The value is obtained by rounding up the value obtained by dividing the length of the i-th reference signal by the length of one data symbol. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, including the method described in any one of claims 9 to 12. [Request Item 15] [Number 11] And, [Math 12] And L data This is the number of symbols in the aforementioned data. The method according to claim 14, including the method described in claim 14.

16. The second device transmits instruction information to the first device, wherein the instruction information is P i This shows that 1 ≤ i ≤ N, step The method according to any one of claims 9 to 15, including the method described in any one of claims 9 to 15.

17. A method for transmitting a reference signal, A first device generates a frame, wherein the frame includes N reference signals and data, N ≥ 2, the i-th reference signal precedes the (i+1)th reference signal, 1 ≤ i ≤ N, and the other reference signals do not precede the i-th reference signal or the (i+1)th reference signal. At least a portion of the aforementioned data is included between the i-th reference signal and the (i+1)-th reference signal, The time length of one symbol of the data in the first device is t1 + Δt, where t1 is the target time length of one symbol of the data in the first and second devices, and the absolute value of Δt is less than or equal to the absolute value t2 of the symbol time offset caused by the maximum sampling clock offset allowed by the first device. The time domain start position of the i-th reference signal within the frame is P i Therefore, the time domain start position of the (i+1)th reference signal within the frame is P i＋1 P i＋1 -P i is associated with a, [Number 13] P i＋1 and P i The step is an integer, and The first device transmits the frame to the second device, The second device receives the frame, The second device performs the steps of demodulating the data based on the reference signal and A method for transmitting a reference signal, including the transmission of a reference signal.

18. P i＋1 -P i The fact that it is associated with a means that P i＋1 -P i However, a, and the following parameters, namely, The length of the data within the frame, N、 The length of each reference signal within the frame, or P i To be associated with at least one of the following The method according to claim 17, including the method described in claim 17.

19. N ≥ 3, and the N reference signals include the l-th reference signal, the m-th reference signal, and the n-th reference signal, and 1 ≤ l, m, n ≤ N. The l-th reference signal precedes the m-th reference signal, the m-th reference signal precedes the n-th reference signal, and the time-domain start position of the l-th reference signal within the frame is P l The time domain start position of the m-th reference signal within the frame is P m The time domain start position of the nth reference signal within the frame is P n And, P n -P m >P m -P l Being The method according to claim 17 or 18, further comprising:

20. P i＋1 -P i The fact that it is associated with a means that [Number 14] And L i This value is obtained by rounding up the value obtained by dividing the length of the i-th reference signal by the length of one data symbol. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, including the method described in any one of claims 17 to 19. [Request Item 21] [Number 15] And L data L is the number of symbols in the aforementioned data. i The value is obtained by rounding up the value obtained by dividing the length of the i-th reference signal by the length of one data symbol. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, including the method described in any one of claims 17 to 20.

22. P i＋1 -P i The fact that it is associated with a means that [Number 16] And L start L is the starting position of the first reference signal among the N reference signals. start ≥ 1, L i The value is obtained by rounding up the value obtained by dividing the length of the i-th reference signal by the length of one data symbol. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, including the method described in any one of claims 17 to 20. [Request Item 23] [Number 17] And, [Number 18] And L data The method according to claim 22, wherein is the number of symbols in the data.

24. A step of transmitting instruction information to the first device by the second device, where the instruction information indicates P i where 1 ≦ i ≦ N, and the step The first device receives the instruction information and The method according to any one of claims 17 to 23, including the method described in any one of claims 17 to 23.

25. A communication device comprising at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory, and the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instruction stored in the at least one memory so that the communication device performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

26. A communication device comprising at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory, and the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instruction stored in the at least one memory so that the communication device performs the method according to any one of claims 9 to 16.

27. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

28. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the method according to any one of claims 16 to 24.

29. A chip system comprising a processor, wherein the chip system is configured to call a computer program from memory and execute the computer program in order to enable a communication device incorporating the chip system to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

30. A chip system comprising a processor, wherein the chip system is configured to call a computer program from memory and execute the computer program in order to enable a communication device incorporating the chip system to perform the method according to any one of claims 9 to 16.

31. A communication system comprising a first device and a second device, The first device communicates with the second device, A communication system in which the first device performs the method described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and the second device performs the method described in any one of claims 9 to 16.

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