Frequency-extended multichannel system and method for using a frequency-extended multichannel system

Abstract

The system comprises a plurality of voltage signal sources and a controller configured to control the operation of the voltage signal sources so that each voltage signal is generated by the plurality of voltage signal sources, each characterized by a different frequency. The plurality of voltage signal sources include a first voltage signal source adjacent to the second voltage signal source and a third voltage signal source adjacent to the second voltage signal source, such that the second voltage signal source is physically positioned between the first voltage signal source and the third voltage signal source. The controller causes the first voltage signal source to generate a first voltage signal characterized by a first frequency, the second voltage signal source to generate a second voltage signal characterized by a second frequency, and the third voltage signal source to generate a third voltage signal characterized by a third frequency. The first and third frequencies are different from the second frequency.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications This application claims priority to U.S. application No. 63 / 503,231 filed on 19 May 2023, and to U.S. application No. 18 / 656,762 filed on 7 May 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] Various embodiments relate to the use of signal frequency overhang by systems that use signals to control the operation of components, such as optical modulators. For example, various embodiments relate to quantum computers that use overhanging signal frequencies to reduce crosstalk between electrical channels and / or optical channels. [Background technology]

[0003] To execute a two-qubit quantum logic gate, a quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) based quantum computer illuminates the two qubits of the quantum computer using two light beams provided to the qubit locations through their respective optical paths. Each optical path may include optical elements that generate leaky light of various orders and / or active optical elements that may be affected by crosstalk between the electrical channels of the system. The interaction of leaky light with the qubits and / or the effects of electrical crosstalk on the light beams may reduce the fidelity of the two-qubit gate being executed. Through applied efforts, ingenuity, and innovation, many of the shortcomings of such conventional systems have been overcome by developing solutions structured according to embodiments of the present invention, many of which are described in detail herein. [Overview of the Initiative] [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] Exemplary embodiments provide a system having multiple electrical channels and / or a method for operating such a system, wherein a controller of the system controls the operation of voltage signals associated with each electrical channel to generate a divergent frequency signal. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the system comprises a first electrical channel having a first voltage signal source and a second electrical channel having a second voltage signal source. The controller controls the operation of the first voltage signal source to cause the first voltage signal source to generate a first voltage signal characterized by a first frequency, and the controller controls the operation of the second voltage signal source to cause the second voltage signal source to generate a second voltage signal characterized by a second frequency. The first and second frequencies are different from each other. The difference between the first and second frequencies allows for the use of filtering techniques to reduce and / or eliminate the effects of crosstalk between the first and second electrical channels.

[0005] In various embodiments, the multichannel system is a quantum computer (e.g., a quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD)-based quantum computer), and the system further includes a first optical modulator (e.g., an acousto-optical modulator (AOM)) configured to control the supply of a first optical signal to a target location, and a second optical modulator (e.g., an AOM) configured to control the supply of a second optical signal to a target location. A first voltage signal is applied to the first optical modulator to control the modulation of the first optical signal by the first optical modulator, and a second voltage signal is applied to the second optical modulator to control the modulation of the second optical signal by the second optical modulator. The first and second modulated optical signals are provided to the target location to perform a quantum logic gate (e.g., a single-qubit gate, a multi-qubit or two-qubit gate, etc.) at the target location. The combination of the first and second frequencies corresponds to a set frequency value (e.g., the frequency difference between coupled quantum states) related to quantum state coupling corresponding to the execution of a multi-qubit quantum logic gate. The frequency difference between the first frequency and the second frequency is configured to reduce and / or shrink undesirable quantum state coupling that may degrade the fidelity of multi-qubit quantum logic gates.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for performing quantum logic operations is provided. The method is performed by a controller configured to control the operation of one or more components of a quantum computer. The method includes controlling the operation of a first voltage signal source to generate a first voltage signal having a first frequency, and controlling the operation of a second voltage signal source to generate a second voltage signal having a second frequency. The first voltage signal is supplied to a first optical modulator configured to modulate a first optical signal at least partially on a first frequency. The second voltage signal is supplied to a second optical modulator configured to modulate a second optical signal at least partially on a second frequency. The combination of the first and second frequencies corresponds to a set frequency value. The first frequency is different from the second frequency.

[0007] In one exemplary embodiment, the sum of (a) the frequency difference between the frequency of a first optical signal and the frequency of a second optical signal and (b) a set frequency value corresponds to a quantum state transition corresponding to a quantum logic gate.

[0008] In one exemplary embodiment, the first voltage signal source is a first direct digital synthesizer, and controlling the operation of the first voltage signal source involves providing a tuning word to the first direct digital synthesizer by a controller.

[0009] In another embodiment, a system is provided. In various embodiments, the system includes one or more pairs of voltage signal sources and a controller configured to control the operation of one or more pairs of voltage signal sources. One or more pairs of voltage signal sources include a first pair of voltage signal sources, which includes a first voltage signal source and a second voltage signal source. The controller is configured to cause the first voltage signal source of the first pair of voltage signal sources to generate a first voltage signal characterized by a first frequency. The controller is configured to cause the second voltage signal source of the first pair of voltage signal sources to generate a second voltage signal characterized by a second frequency. The combination of the first and second frequencies corresponds to a set frequency value. The first frequency is different from the second frequency.

[0010] In one exemplary embodiment, one or more pairs of voltage signal sources further comprise a second pair of voltage signal sources, the second pair of voltage signal sources comprises a third voltage signal source and a fourth voltage signal source, the controller is configured to cause the third voltage signal source of the second pair of voltage signal sources to generate a third voltage signal characterized by a third frequency, the controller is configured to cause the fourth voltage signal source of the second pair of voltage signal sources to generate a fourth voltage signal characterized by a fourth frequency, the combination of the third and fourth frequencies corresponds to a set frequency value, the third frequency being different from the fourth frequency.

[0011] In one exemplary embodiment, the first frequency, second frequency, third frequency, and fourth frequency are all different from each other.

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment, the frequency difference between each pair of the first, second, third, and fourth frequencies is within the range of 1 MHz to 100 MHz.

[0013] In one exemplary embodiment, at least two voltage signal sources, one or more pairs of voltage signal sources, are mounted within the chassis, and the controller is configured to cause the at least two voltage signal sources to generate their respective voltage signals at different frequencies.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment, the controller is configured to control the operation of a first additional component of the system by applying a first voltage signal to the first additional component, and to control the operation of a second additional component of the system by applying a second voltage signal to the second additional component.

[0015] In one exemplary embodiment, the first additional component comprises a first optical modulator, and the second additional component comprises a second optical modulator.

[0016] In one exemplary embodiment, a first voltage signal is applied to a first optical modulator to modulate a first optical signal to provide a first modulated optical signal, a second voltage signal is applied to a second optical modulator to modulate a second optical signal to provide a second modulated optical signal, and the first modulated optical signal and the second modulated optical signal are applied to a target location to execute a quantum logic gate on one or more quantum objects disposed at the target location.

[0017] In one exemplary embodiment, the sum of (a) the frequency difference between the frequency of a first optical signal and the frequency of a second optical signal and (b) a set frequency value corresponds to a quantum state transition corresponding to a quantum logic gate.

[0018] In one exemplary embodiment, the first modulated optical signal is filtered using at least one of spatial filtering or optical filtering.

[0019] In one exemplary embodiment, spatial filtering is performed by coupling the first modulated optical signal into an optical fiber configured to carry the first modulated optical signal along at least a portion of the optical path from a first optical modulator to a target location.

[0020] In one exemplary embodiment, a first voltage signal is applied to a first additional component via a first electrical connection, and a second voltage signal is applied to a second additional component via a second electrical connection.

[0021] In one exemplary embodiment, the first electrical connection includes a filter configured to allow a portion of the electrical signal carried by the first electrical connection and characterized by a first frequency to pass through, and to attenuate a portion of the electrical signal carried by the first electrical connection and characterized by a second frequency.

[0022] In one exemplary embodiment, the frequency difference between the first frequency and the second frequency is in the range of 1 MHz to 100 MHz.

[0023] In one exemplary embodiment, the controller provides a first tuning word to cause a first voltage signal source to generate a first voltage signal having a first voltage.

[0024] In another embodiment, a system is provided. In one exemplary embodiment, the system includes a plurality of voltage signal sources mounted in a chassis and a controller configured to control the operation of the voltage signal sources so that they generate a voltage signal characterized by a different frequency. The plurality of voltage signal sources include a first voltage signal source, a second voltage signal source, and a third voltage signal source. The first voltage signal source is adjacent to the second voltage signal source, and the third voltage signal source is adjacent to the second voltage signal source, such that the second voltage signal source is positioned between the first and third voltage signal sources. The controller causes the first voltage signal source to generate a first voltage signal characterized by a first frequency, the second voltage signal source to generate a second voltage signal characterized by a second frequency, and the third voltage signal source to generate a third voltage signal characterized by a third frequency. The first frequency is different from the second frequency, and the second frequency is different from the third frequency.

[0025] In one exemplary embodiment, the frequency difference between the first frequency and the second frequency is greater than the frequency difference between the first frequency and the third frequency.

[0026] In yet another embodiment, a system is provided. In one exemplary embodiment, the system includes one or more sets of voltage signal sources and a controller configured to control the operation of one or more sets of voltage signal sources. One or more sets of voltage signal sources comprises one or more first voltage signal sources and one or more second voltage signal sources. The controller is configured to cause one or more first voltage signal sources and one or more second voltage signal sources to generate respective voltage signals characterized by their respective frequencies. Each voltage signal generated by one or more first voltage signal sources is applied to each optical modulator along the first beampath to correct the optical beam traversing the first beampath by a first frequency. Each voltage signal generated by one or more second voltage signal sources is applied to each optical modulator along the second beampath to correct the optical beam traversing the second beampath by a second frequency. The respective frequencies are different from each other. The combination of the first and second frequencies corresponds to a set frequency value, where the first frequency is different from the second frequency.

[0027] Although the present invention has been described using general terminology, the attached drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, are to be referenced below. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0028] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of a frequency-overhanging multichannel system according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a block diagram of an exemplary QCCD-based quantum computer, including frequency-extended channels, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 3A] This is a schematic diagram of conventional quantum logic operations affected by leaked light. [Figure 3B] This is a schematic diagram of a quantum logic operation according to an exemplary embodiment, in which the effects of leaked light are reduced and / or minimized. [Figure 4]This flowchart shows various processes performed by the controller according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5A] This is a schematic diagram of a portion of a frequency-overhanging multi-channel system using filtering, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5B] This is a schematic diagram of a portion of a frequency-overhanging multi-channel system using filtering, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5C] This is a schematic diagram of a portion of a frequency-overhanging multi-channel system using filtering, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 6] This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary controller for a system with a frequency-overhanging channel, according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 7] This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary computing entity of a system comprising a QCCD-based quantum computer including a frequency-extended channel that may be used according to an exemplary embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0029] The present invention is now described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. In fact, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein, rather these embodiments are provided so as to satisfy the applicable legal requirements of this disclosure. The terms “or” (also indicated by “ / ”) are used herein in both alternative and concomitant senses unless otherwise specified. The terms “illustrative” and “exemplary” are used to mean examples without indication of quality levels. The terms “generally” and “approximately” mean, unless otherwise specified, within applicable engineering tolerances and / or manufacturing tolerances, and / or within user measurement capabilities. Similar numbers refer to similar elements throughout.

[0030] Various embodiments provide frequency-extended multichannel systems, such as quantum computers, that include multiple electrical channels, and methods for operating such multichannel systems. In various embodiments, the frequency-extended multichannel system comprises multiple electrical channels. For example, the frequency-extended multichannel system comprises multiple voltage signal generators, such as direct digital synthesizers (DDS), arbitrary waveform generators (AWG), and digital-to-analog converters (DACs). In various embodiments, each of the multiple voltage signal generators is configured to produce its own radio frequency (RF) electrical signal and / or voltage signal. For example, the electrical signal and / or voltage signal produced by each of the multiple voltage signal generators is characterized by its own RF frequency.

[0031] In various embodiments, the electrical and / or voltage signals generated by multiple voltage signal generators are applied to one or more additional components of the system to control the operation of each additional component. For example, the additional components may include RF electrodes and / or RF rails (e.g., confinement devices such as surface ion traps), optical modulators (e.g., AOMs, electro-optical modulators (EOMs)), and / or other components configured to be operablely controlled by being subjected to electrical and / or voltage signals.

[0032] In one exemplary embodiment, the system is a quantum computer comprising a plurality of optical modulators (e.g., AOM, EOM, etc.). Each of the plurality of optical modulators is part of a beampath system configured to provide an optical beam and / or optical signal (e.g., a laser beam, a series of laser pulses, a microwave beam, and / or pulses, etc.) from a signal source (e.g., a laser, a microwave generator, etc.) to a target location. In one exemplary embodiment, the target location is a location defined at least in part by a confinement device configured to confine a plurality of quantum objects. For example, the confinement device is configured to confine one or more quantum objects at the target location such that a single-qubit gate or a multi-qubit gate can be executed on one or more quantum objects located at the target location.

[0033] In various embodiments, quantum objects confined by a confinement device are used as qubits in a quantum computer. In various embodiments, quantum objects are ions, atoms, ionic, molecular, and / or multipolar molecules, quantum dots, quantum particles, groups thereof, crystals, and / or combinations thereof (e.g., an ionic crystal comprising two or more ions). In one exemplary embodiment, the quantum object is an ion and / or an ionic crystal, and the confinement device is an ion trap, such as a surface ion trap or a Paul ion trap.

[0034] In various embodiments, a multiple qubit gate is a quantum logic operation configured to cause a gate coupling of two quantum states of a quantum object to perform and / or impart a quantum logic operation. The gate coupling of multiple quantum objects is caused by the application of two optical signals to a target location, where the frequency difference between the two optical signals corresponds to a frequency corresponding to the energy difference between the two quantum states coupled by the gate coupling (e.g., slightly detuned from there). In various embodiments, the first optical signal is a modulated optical signal modulated by a first optical modulator according to a first electrical signal and / or voltage signal applied to a first optical modulator. The second optical signal is a modulated optical signal modulated by a second optical modulator according to a second electrical signal and / or voltage signal applied to a second optical modulator. In various embodiments, the first electrical signal and / or voltage signal and the second electrical signal and / or voltage signal are configured to enable the execution of multiple qubit gates (or single qubit gates) while reducing and / or decreasing the probability of undesirable coupling of quantum states of a quantum object as a result of leaked light of various orders leaking from the first and / or second optical modulators.

[0035] In conventional multi-channel systems, voltage signal sources configured to generate electrical and / or voltage signals that will be used to perform the same task (for example, to control the operation of similar optical modulators configured to perform similar tasks in a multi-channel system) are operated to generate electrical and / or voltage signals of the same frequency. For example, multiple 200 MHz AOMs may be operated to generate 200 MHz electrical and / or voltage signals. Electrical crosstalk can occur between different electrical channels when the voltage signal sources are located close to each other, or when the wires configured to enable electrical communication between each voltage signal source and each additional component are close to each other. Such electrical crosstalk between different electrical channels can degrade the operation of a multi-channel system. For example, when a multi-channel system is a quantum computer that performs operations controlled at least in part based on electrical and / or voltage signals generated by each voltage signal source, the integrity and / or fidelity of the operations performed may be degraded and / or reduced as a result of electrical crosstalk between different electrical channels. Thus, technical problems exist regarding the operation of multi-channel systems.

[0036] Additionally, when an electrical signal intended to control the operation of an optical modulator is configured to prevent the modulator from providing light (for example, an electrical signal intended to control the operation of an optical modulator is configured to keep the optical modulator in the off state), crosstalk between the electrical signals being applied to the optical modulator may cause the modulator to provide first-order diffracted light. This results in additional noise and undesirable light scattering in multi-channel systems.

[0037] Various embodiments provide technical solutions to these technical problems. For example, various embodiments provide frequency-overlapping multichannel systems. For example, in various embodiments, adjacent voltage signal sources are operated to generate electrical and / or voltage signals characterized by different frequencies. In one exemplary embodiment, each of a plurality of voltage signal sources is operated to generate its own electrical and / or voltage signal, characterized by a different frequency from other electrical and / or voltage signals generated by the other voltage signal sources among the plurality of voltage signal sources. For example, a first voltage signal source is operated to generate an electrical and / or voltage signal characterized by a first frequency, and a second voltage signal source is operated to generate an electrical and / or voltage signal characterized by a second frequency, where the first and second frequencies are different from each other. For example, the frequency difference between the first frequency and the second frequency is at least 1 MHz (for example, in the range of 1 MHz to 100 MHz in one exemplary embodiment). Therefore, any crosstalk between the first channel, which has a first voltage signal source, and the second channel, which has a second voltage signal source, may be removed and / or attenuated using various filtering techniques. Thus, any effect of crosstalk between the first channel and the second channel (for example, on the integrity and / or fidelity of any operation controlled at least partially through the first channel and / or the second channel) is reduced and / or mitigated. Therefore, various embodiments provide technical advantages and improvements to the operation of a multi-channel system.

[0038] Furthermore, in conventional quantum computers that use optical modulators to control the supply of two or more optical signals to a target location to perform quantum logic operations (e.g., single-qubit gates, multi-qubit and / or two-qubit gates), leakage light from one or more optical modulators of various orders can cause undesirable coupling between the various quantum states of the quantum object placed at the target location.

[0039] For example, when a light beam is modulated by an optical modulator, the majority of the light beam is modulated according to the frequency characterizing the electrical and / or voltage signal applied to the optical modulator. This is called first-order modulation. A portion of the light beam is modulated according to the second harmonic (e.g., twice that frequency) of the frequency characterizing the electrical and / or voltage signal applied to the optical modulator. This is called second-order modulation. A portion of the light beam may not be modulated at all; this is called zero-order modulation. The desired modulated light signal is the first-order modulated light signal. However, leaked light (e.g., the zero-order portion, the second-order portion, the third-order portion, etc. of the modulated light signal) also incident on multiple quantum objects placed at the target location. This leaked light can result in undesirable coupling of quantum states of multiple quantum objects. For example, the zero-order portion of the first modulated light signal and the second-order portion of the second modulated light signal may interact with the quantum objects placed at the target location to cause undesirable coupled quantum states of multiple quantum objects.

[0040] In various scenarios, a first modulated optical signal and a second modulated optical signal are provided to a target location to perform a quantum logic operation. For example, the first modulated optical signal (or its first-order portion) and the second modulated optical signal (or its first-order portion) incident on multiple quantum objects arranged at the target location cause a multi-qubit (e.g., 2-qubit) gate to be executed on the multiple quantum objects. Undesirable coupling of the quantum states of the multiple quantum objects, caused by leaky light incident on the multiple quantum objects arranged at the target location, can reduce and / or degrade the fidelity of the quantum logic operation performed on the multiple quantum objects. Similarly, undesirable coupling of the quantum states of quantum objects embodying qubits can reduce and / or degrade the fidelity of a single-qubit gate. Therefore, technical problems exist regarding the execution of highly fidelity quantum logic operations.

[0041] Various embodiments provide technical solutions to these technical problems. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, a first voltage signal source is operated to generate a first electrical signal and / or voltage signal characterized by a first frequency and used to control the operation of a first optical modulator. A second voltage signal source is operated to generate a second electrical signal and / or voltage signal characterized by a second frequency and used to control the operation of a second optical modulator. The first optical modulator modulates the first optical signal to provide a first (first-order) modulated optical signal having a frequency that increases by a first frequency with respect to the frequency of the first optical signal. The second optical modulator modulates the second optical signal to provide a second (first-order) modulated optical signal having a frequency that decreases by a second frequency with respect to the frequency of the second optical signal. In various embodiments, the combination of the first and second frequencies corresponds to a set frequency value configured to allow the (first-order) modulated optical signal to cause gate coupling to perform quantum logic operations (e.g., single-qubit gates, multi-qubit and / or two-qubit gates). The first and second frequencies are different from each other (for example, having a frequency difference of at least 1 MHz). Because the first and second frequencies are not equal to each other, the ability of leaky light to cause undesirable coupling of the quantum states of the quantum object is reduced and / or mitigated.

[0042] Furthermore, frequency overhang and filtering reduce the primary light emitted by optical modulators that are intended to be "off" and / or not provide a light beam at that time.

[0043] Therefore, various embodiments offer technical advantages and improvements to the operation of systems with multiple electrical channels, quantum computers, and highly fidelity quantum logic operations.

[0044] Exemplary frequency-overlapping multichannel system Figure 1 shows an exemplary frequency-overhanging multichannel system 100. In various embodiments, the frequency-overhanging multichannel system 100 comprises multiple channels. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the first channel has a first frequency f A The system comprises a first voltage signal source 120A (e.g., DDS, AWG, DAC, etc.) configured to generate a first electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122A characterized by the first electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122A, which is supplied to a first optical modulator 130A (e.g., AOM, EOM, etc.) through a first electrical connection 124A (e.g., conductive wires, cables, leads, traces, etc., and / or a combination thereof), which modulates the first optical signal 132A at least in part on the first electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122A to generate and / or provide a first modulated optical signal 134A.

[0045] The second channel of the frequency-extended multi-channel system 100 is the second frequency f B The system comprises a second voltage signal source 120B (e.g., DDS, AWG, DAC, etc.) configured to generate a second electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122B characterized by the second electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122B, which is supplied to a second optical modulator 130B (e.g., AOM, EOM, etc.) through a second electrical connection (e.g., conductive wires, cables, leads, traces, etc., and / or a combination thereof), which modulates the second optical signal 132B at least in part on the second electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122B to generate and / or provide a second modulated optical signal 134B.

[0046] The third channel of the frequency-extended multi-channel system 100 is the third frequency f CThe system comprises a third voltage signal source 120C (e.g., DDS, AWG, DAC, etc.) configured to generate a third electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122C characterized by the third electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122C, which is supplied to a third optical modulator 130C (e.g., AOM, EOM, etc.) through a third electrical connection (e.g., conductive wires, cables, leads, traces, etc., and / or a combination thereof), which modulates the third optical signal 132C at least in part on the third electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122C to generate and / or provide a third modulated optical signal 134C.

[0047] The fourth channel of the frequency-extended multi-channel system 100 is the fourth frequency f D The system comprises a fourth voltage signal source 120D (e.g., DDS, AWG, DAC, etc.) configured to generate a fourth electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122D characterized by the fourth electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122D, which is supplied to a fourth optical modulator 130D (e.g., AOM, EOM, etc.) through a fourth electrical connection 124D (e.g., conductive wires, cables, leads, traces, etc., and / or a combination thereof), which modulates the fourth optical signal 132D at least in part on the fourth electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122D to generate and / or provide a fourth modulated optical signal 134D.

[0048] The illustrated embodiment includes four channels, but various embodiments may include various numbers of channels. For example, various embodiments may include 2 to 500 channels. Some embodiments include more than 500 channels. In one exemplary embodiment, the system includes one channel that generates a voltage signal characterized by a frequency distinct from the frequencies of other voltage signals used in the system, and / or operates through such a voltage signal, in order to reduce electrical crosstalk between the single channel and other nearby electrical components / systems.

[0049] The illustrated embodiment includes optical modulators 130 (e.g., 130A, 130B, 130C, 130D) as additional components to which electrical and / or voltage signals are applied, but various embodiments may include various additional components. For example, a frequency-overhanging multichannel system may include electrodes (e.g., RF rails) and other components configured to be operable and controlled through the application of electrical and / or voltage signals. Various embodiments may include combinations of additional components (e.g., one or more optical modulators and one or more electrodes).

[0050] In various embodiments, the frequency-overlapping multichannel system 100 includes a controller 30. In various embodiments, the controller 30 is configured to control the operation of voltage signal sources 120 (e.g., 120A, 120B, 120C, 120D). For example, in various embodiments, the controller 30 provides each voltage signal source 120 with a control signal 112 (e.g., 112A, 112B, 112C, 112D) to cause the voltage signal source 120 to generate each electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 (e.g., 122A, 122B, 122C, 122D) characterized by their respective frequencies.

[0051] In one exemplary embodiment, each voltage signal source 120 is a DDS, and each control signal 112 includes a tuning word corresponding to each frequency. For example, each frequency f i is related

[0052]

number

[0053] through which it is related to a tuning word, where M is the tuning word, fc is the system clock frequency (e.g., the frequency of the clock of the controller 30 or the frequency of the local clock of each voltage signal source), and N is the length of the phase accumulator of each voltage signal source (e.g., the number of bits).

[0054] In various embodiments, the plurality of voltage signal sources 120 are mounted within the same chassis, frame, or mounting block 110. For example, the voltage signal sources 120A, 120B, 120C, and 120D are formed on respective circuit cards and mounted within a common chassis, frame, or mounting block 110. In the illustrated embodiment, the first voltage signal source 120A is adjacent to the second voltage signal source 120B (e.g., there is no voltage signal source disposed between the first voltage signal source 120A and the second voltage signal source 120B). In other words, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the first voltage signal source 120A and the second voltage signal source 120B are the closest neighbors. Similarly, the second voltage signal source 120B and the third voltage signal source 120C are adjacent to each other and / or are the closest neighbors. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the first voltage signal source 120A and the third voltage source 120C are not the closest neighbors. In various embodiments, a first frequency f characterizing the first electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122A generated and / or provided by the first voltage signal source 120A A is different from a second frequency f characterizing the second electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122B generated and / or provided by the second voltage signal source 120B B . In various embodiments, a second frequency f characterizing the second electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122B generated and / or provided by the second voltage signal source 120B B is different from a third frequency f characterizing the third electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122C generated and / or provided by the third voltage signal source 120C C . For example, |f A - f B | > 0, and |f B - f C|>0

[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, the first frequency f A and the third frequency f C They are equal to each other, and the second frequency f B and the fourth frequency f D They are equal to each other, but the first frequency f A and the third frequency f C is the second frequency f B and the fourth frequency f D Different from (for example, f A =f C ≠f B =f D ).

[0056] In one exemplary embodiment, the first frequency f A , second frequency f B , third frequency fc, and fourth frequency f D Each of them is different from the others. For example, the first frequency f A , second frequency f B , third frequency fc, and fourth frequency f D In all of these, the first frequency f A , second frequency f B , third frequency fc, and fourth frequency f D Not equal to another one of the others (for example, f i ≠f j ∀ i≠j).

[0057] In one exemplary embodiment, the frequency difference between adjacent and / or nearest neighbor voltage signal sources is greater than the frequency difference between non-neighboring voltage signal sources. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the first frequency f A and the second frequency f B The frequency difference between is the first frequency f A and the third frequency f C Larger than the frequency difference between (for example, |f A -f B |>|f A -f CFor example, in one exemplary embodiment, the frequency difference between nearest voltage signal sources is at least 2 MHz, and the frequency difference between non-neighboring voltage signal sources is at least 1 MHz. In various embodiments, the frequency difference between adjacent and / or nearest voltage signal sources or between non-neighboring voltage signal sources may be as large as 50 or 100 MHz.

[0058] In various embodiments, the multiple voltage signal sources 120 are organized into pairs of voltage signal sources. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the first voltage signal source 120A and the second voltage signal source 120B are organized as a pair of voltage signal sources, and the third voltage signal source 120C and the fourth voltage signal source 120D are organized as a pair of voltage signal sources. For example, the controller 30 is configured to coordinately control the first voltage signal source 120A and the second voltage signal source 120B. Similarly, the controller 30 is configured to coordinately control the third voltage signal source 120C and the fourth voltage signal source 120D.

[0059] For example, in one exemplary embodiment, a first electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122A is configured to operate and / or control the operation of a first additional component of the frequency-overhanging multichannel system 100 (e.g., a first optical modulator 130A), and a second electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122B is configured to operate and / or control the operation of a second additional component of the frequency-overhanging multichannel system 100 (e.g., a second optical modulator 130B). The results of the operation of the first and second additional components are used in coordination to perform one or more functions of the frequency-overhanging multichannel system 100. For example, a first electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122A operates a first optical modulator 130A to modulate a first optical signal 132A to provide a first modulated optical signal 134A, and / or triggers the operation of the first optical modulator 130A; and a second electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122B operates a second optical modulator 130B to modulate a second optical signal 132B to provide a second modulated optical signal 134B, and / or triggers the operation of the second optical modulator 130B. The first modulated optical signal 134A and the second modulated optical signal 134B are used to perform the functions of the frequency-overhanging multi-channel system 100. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the frequency-extended multichannel system 100 is a quantum computer and / or part of a quantum computer, and the first modulated optical signal 134A and the second modulated optical signal 134B are used to perform quantum logic operations (e.g., single-qubit gates, multi-qubit or two-qubit gates).

[0060] Exemplary quantum computer In various embodiments, the frequency-extended multichannel system 100 is a quantum computer and / or part of a quantum computer. For example, the frequency-extended multichannel system 100 is part of a QCCD-based quantum computer in the embodiment shown in Figure 2.

[0061] For example, the quantum computing system 200 comprises a (classical and / or semiconductor-based) computing entity 10 and a quantum computer 210. In various embodiments, the quantum computer 210 comprises a controller 30 and a quantum processor 215. In various embodiments, the controller is configured to control a plurality of voltage signal sources 120. The plurality of voltage signal sources 120 generate their respective electrical signals, which are supplied to the respective optical modulators 130 and / or other electrical components of the quantum computing system 200. In various embodiments, the controller is further configured to control the operation of one or more operator sources 64 (e.g., 64A, 64B, 64C). For example, an operator (e.g., a laser, microwave source, etc.) may be configured to generate an optical signal (e.g., a laser beam and / or pulses, etc.) supplied to and modulated by the optical modulator 130.

[0062] In various embodiments, the quantum processor 215 includes a confinement device 220 configured to confine a plurality of quantum objects such that each quantum state of the quantum objects is manipulated, or evolves in a controlled manner (for example, according to a quantum circuit). For example, quantum computation functions (such as quantum logic operations, single-qubit gates, multi-qubit and / or two-qubit gates, initialization, reading, and / or measurement operations) may be performed on quantum objects located at each target location 225 defined by the confinement device 220 and / or the quantum processor 215. For example, the confinement device 220 is configured to maintain one or more quantum objects at each target location 225 so that each quantum operation can be performed on one or more quantum objects.

[0063] In various embodiments, the quantum processor 215 comprises a cryogenic chamber and / or vacuum chamber 40 enclosing a confinement device 220, one or more operating sources 64 (e.g., 64A, 64B, 64C), each beam path system 66 (e.g., 66A, 66B, 66C) configured to provide respective operating signals and / or optical signals to each target location 225 defined at least in part by the confinement device 220, one or more voltage signal sources 120, one or more magnetic field sources, an optical collection system, and the like. In various embodiments, the controller 30 is configured to control the operation of the operating sources 64, beam path systems 66, voltage signal sources 120, magnetic field sources, vacuum system, and / or cryogenic cooling system, etc. (e.g., to control one or more drivers configured to cause their operation). In various embodiments, the controller 30 is configured to receive signals (e.g., electrical signals) generated and provided by the optical collection system.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, one or more manipulators 64 may comprise one or more lasers (e.g., optical lasers, microwave sources, and / or masers) or another manipulator. In various embodiments, one or more manipulators 64 are configured to manipulate and / or induce the development of controlled quantum states of one or more quantum objects confined by the confinement device 220. For example, a first manipulator 64A is configured to generate and / or provide a first manipulator signal and / or optical signal, and a second manipulator 64B is configured to generate and / or provide a second manipulator signal and / or optical signal, where the first and second manipulator signals and / or optical signals are configured to perform one or more quantum operations (e.g., single-qubit gates, multi-qubit and / or two-qubit gates, cooling, initialization, reading / measurement, etc.) on the quantum objects confined by the confinement device 220.

[0065] In one exemplary embodiment, one or more manipulators 64 each provide manipulator signals and / or optical signals (e.g., laser beams, etc.) to one or more portions of the confinement device 220 (e.g., target locations 225) via a corresponding beampathing system 66 (e.g., 66A, 66B, 66C). In various embodiments, at least one beampathing system 66 includes an optical modulator 130 configured to modulate the manipulator signals and / or optical signals being provided to the confinement device 220 via the beampathing system 66. In various embodiments, the manipulators 64, the active components of the beampathing systems 66 (e.g., optical modulators 130, etc.), and / or other components of the quantum computer 210 are controlled by a controller 30. For example, the controller 30 controls the operation of the voltage signal sources 120 (for example, via their respective control signals 112), and as a result, each voltage signal source 120 generates and provides its respective electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122, each electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 characterized by its respective frequency, which is applied to each optical modulator 130 to control the operation of each optical modulator 130.

[0066] In various embodiments, the confinement device 220 is an ion trap, such as a surface ion trap or a pole ion trap. In various embodiments, the quantum object is an ion, an atom, an ionic crystal and / or ion group, an atomic crystal and / or atomic group, an ionic, molecular, and / or multipolar molecule, a quantum dot, a quantum particle, a group thereof, a crystal, and / or combination (e.g., an ionic crystal). In various embodiments, the confinement device 220 is a suitable confinement device for confining the quantum object of this embodiment.

[0067] In various embodiments, the quantum computer 210 comprises one or more voltage signal sources 120. For example, the voltage sources may be AWGs, DACs, DDSs, and / or other voltage signal generators. For example, the voltage signal source 120 may comprise a plurality of control voltage drivers and / or voltage sources, and / or at least one RF driver and / or voltage source. In one exemplary embodiment, some of the voltage signal sources 120 may be electrically coupled to corresponding potential generating elements (e.g., control electrodes and / or RF electrodes) of the confinement device 220.

[0068] In various embodiments, at least a portion of the beam path system 66 is disposed of or located within the cryogenic chamber and / or vacuum chamber 40. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, one or more of the optical modulators 130 are disposed of or located within the cryogenic chamber and / or vacuum chamber 40. In one exemplary embodiment, one or more of the operating sources 64 and one or more of the optical modulators 130 are disposed of or located within the cryogenic chamber and / or vacuum chamber 40. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 2, both the operating sources 64 and the optical modulators 130 are disposed of or located outside the cryogenic chamber and / or vacuum chamber 40.

[0069] In various embodiments, the quantum computing system 200 includes a classical computing entity 10. The computing entity 10 is configured to allow a user to provide input to the quantum computer 210 (for example, through the user interface of the computing entity 10), and to receive, observe, and so on, outputs from the quantum computer 210. The computing entity 10 may communicate with the controller 30 of the quantum computer 210 via one or more wired or wireless networks 20, and / or via direct wired and / or wireless communication. In an exemplary embodiment, the computing entity 10 may convert, configure, format, etc., information / data, quantum computing algorithms (e.g., quantum circuits), etc., into a computing language, executable instructions, command set, etc., that the controller 30 can understand, execute, and / or implement.

[0070] In various embodiments, the controller 30 is configured to control a voltage signal source 120, a magnetic field source, a cryogenic system and / or vacuum system that controls the temperature and / or pressure in the cryogenic chamber and / or vacuum chamber 40, an operating source 64, a beam path system 66, and / or other systems that control various environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.) in the cryogenic chamber and / or vacuum chamber 40, and is configured to operate and / or induce a controlled evolution of the quantum state of one or more quantum objects in the confinement device 220, and / or read and / or measure the quantum (e.g., qubit) state of one or more quantum objects in the confinement device. For example, the controller 30 may induce a controlled evolution of the quantum state of one or more quantum objects confined by the confinement device 220 (e.g., by performing a sequence of quantum logic operations) in order to execute a quantum circuit and / or algorithm. For example, the controller 30 may read and / or detect the quantum state of one or more quantum objects in the confinement device 220 at one or more points during the execution of a quantum circuit. In various embodiments, quantum objects confined by a confinement device are used as qubits in a quantum computer 210.

[0071] Exemplary execution of quantum logic operations In conventional quantum computers that use optical modulators to perform quantum logic operations (e.g., single-qubit gates, multi-qubit and / or two-qubit gates) by at least partially controlling the supply of two or more optical signals to a target location, light leakage from one or more optical modulators of various orders can cause undesirable coupling between various quantum states of a quantum object located at the target location.

[0072] For example, Figure 3A provides a schematic diagram in frequency space of the execution of a quantum logic operation. For example, a first operating signal 332A characterized by a first optical frequency f1 is modulated by a first optical modulator to generate a first modulated operating signal 334A. For example, the first modulated operating signal 334A (the first order portion) is modulated from the original frequency to the modulator frequency f M The frequency shifts and / or decreases, where f M f is the frequency of the electrical and / or voltage signals applied to the first optical modulator to control the operation of the first optical modulator. For example, the primary part of the first modulated signal 334A is the optical frequency f1-f M The control signal applied to the target location 225 generally includes the zero-order portion of the first modulated control signal, characterized by the original frequency f1 of the first control signal, as well as higher-order portions (e.g., the second-order portion).

[0073] A second operating signal 332B, characterized by a second optical frequency f2, is modulated by a second optical modulator to generate a second modulated operating signal 334B. The first and second optical frequencies are different from each other (e.g., f1-f2≠0). For example, the first-order portion of the second modulated operating signal 334B is modulated from the original frequency by the modulator frequency f M The frequency shifts and / or increases by only f M f is the frequency of the electrical and / or voltage signals applied to the second optical modulator to control the operation of the second optical modulator. For example, the primary part of the second modulated signal 334B is the optical frequency f2+f M Characterized by the following: In detail, in conventional systems, both the first and second optical modulators use the same modulator frequency f M It is controlled by an electrical signal and / or voltage signal characterized by the following. The operating signal applied to the target location 225 is generally the 0th order portion of the second modulated operating signal, characterized by the original frequency f2 of the second operating signal, and the modulator frequency f2 of the original frequency of the second operating signal. MThe frequency is twice the value of (for example, f² + 2f) M This also includes the second-order portion of the second modulated control signal 336B, characterized by ), and higher-order portions (e.g., the third-order portion).

[0074] The frequency difference between the first modulated control signal and the first modulated control signal is the frequency difference Δf0 = |f1 - f2| between the original frequency of the first control signal (first optical frequency f1) and the original frequency of the second control signal (second optical frequency f2) multiplied by the modulator frequency f M This is the result of adding twice the value (for example, Δf1 = Δf0 + 2f M ). In various embodiments, the gate frequency Δf1 corresponds to the quantum state transition corresponding to the quantum logic gate. However, the frequency difference between the zeroth-order portion of the first modulated operation signal and the second-order portion of the second modulated operation signal is also the modulator frequency f, and the frequency difference Δf0 between the original frequency of the first operation signal and the original frequency of the second operation signal is also the modulator frequency f M This is the result of adding twice the value (for example, Δf1 = Δf0 + 2f M Therefore, the presence of zero-order, second-order, and / or higher-order parts of the first and second modulated signals can result in undesirable quantum state coupling during the execution of quantum logic operations (e.g., single-qubit gates, multi-qubit, and / or two-qubit gates). This can reduce the fidelity of the quantum logic operations.

[0075] Furthermore, due to light leakage from the optical modulator, the zero-order portion of the first modulated signal and the second-order portion of the second modulated signal may be incident on the target location, for example, when a gate is not intended to be performed, which can cause undesirable quantum state coupling (including, for example, undesirable gate coupling).

[0076] Figure 3B provides a schematic diagram in frequency space of the execution of a quantum logic operation according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, a first optical signal 132A is modulated by a first optical modulator 130A to generate a first modulated optical signal 134A. For example, the first modulated optical signal 134A (the first-order portion) is modulated from the original frequency to a first frequency f A The frequency shifts and / or decreases, where f A is the frequency of a first electrical signal and / or voltage signal applied to the first optical modulator 130A to control its operation. The optical signal applied to the target location 225 generally includes the zero-order portion of the first modulated optical signal, characterized by the original frequency of the first optical signal, and also higher-order portions (e.g., the second-order portion).

[0077] The second optical signal 132B is modulated by the second optical modulator 130B to generate the second modulated optical signal 134B. For example, the first-order portion of the second modulated optical signal 134B is obtained by changing the frequency from the original frequency to a second frequency f B The frequency shifts and / or increases by only f B f is the frequency of the electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122B applied to the second optical modulator 130B to control the operation of the second optical modulator 130B. A and the second frequency f B These are different frequencies (for example, |f A -f B (≧1MHz). The optical signal applied to the target location 225 is generally characterized by the 0th order portion of the second modulated optical signal, which is the original frequency of the second optical signal, and the second frequency f of the original frequency of the second optical signal. B This includes the second-order portion of the second modulated control signal 336B, characterized by a frequency that is twice the frequency of the first modulated signal, as well as higher-order portions (e.g., the third-order portion).

[0078] The frequency difference between the first modulated optical signal and the first modulated optical signal is the frequency difference Δf0 between the original frequency of the first optical signal and the original frequency of the second optical signal multiplied by the frequency f of the first optical signal.A and the second frequency f B This is the result of adding (for example, Δf1 = Δf0 + f A +f B ). In various embodiments, the gate frequency Δf1 corresponds to the quantum state transition corresponding to the quantum logic gate. However, the first frequency f A and the second frequency f B Since they are not equal, the frequency difference Δf2 of another order between the 0th order portion of the first modulated optical signal and the 2nd order portion of the second modulated optical signal is a different frequency difference from the gate frequency Δf1. In detail, the frequency difference of another order Δf2 = Δf0 + 2f B However, f A ≠f B Therefore, 2f B ≠f A +f B Therefore, the frequency difference Δf2 of other orders is not equal to the gate frequency Δf1. Thus, the presence of 0th, 2nd, and / or higher-order parts of the first and second modulated optical signals does not result in undesirable quantum state coupling occurring during the execution of quantum logic operations (e.g., single-qubit gates, or multi-qubit and / or 2-qubit gates). Moreover, undesirable quantum state coupling, including undesirable gate coupling, is prevented when the gate is not intended to be executed. Therefore, in various embodiments, the fidelity of quantum logic operations is improved compared to conventional quantum logic operations.

[0079] In various embodiments, the combination of the first frequency and the second frequency is such that the primary portion of the first modulated optical signal and the primary portion of the second modulated optical signal can effectively perform and / or carry out quantum logic operations, with respect to a set frequency value f v This corresponds to. In one exemplary embodiment, the combination of the first frequency and the second frequency is an arithmetic combination. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the combination of the first frequency and the second frequency is the sum of the first frequency and the second frequency (for example, f v ≒f A +f B ≒f C +f D)。In another example, the combination of the first frequency and the second frequency is the difference between the first frequency and the second frequency (e.g., f v ≒|f A -f B |≒|f C -f D |).

[0080] The set frequency value corresponds to a quantum state transition corresponding to a quantum logic operation. For example, the set frequency value f v is determined by the difference between the gate frequency Δf1 and the frequency difference Δf0 between the original frequencies of the first optical signal and the second optical signal (e.g., f v =Δf1 - Δf0). The gate frequency Δf1 is determined based on and / or equal to the frequency difference between quantum states coupled to each other by a quantum logic operation. For example, a quantum logic operation couples a first quantum state having a first energy to a second quantum state having a second energy, and as a result, the energy difference between the two coupled quantum states is ΔE, and ΔE = hΔf1, where h is Planck's constant. Thus, in an exemplary embodiment, the set frequency value f v =ΔE / h - Δf0. In an exemplary embodiment, the gate frequency Δf1 is (substantially) detuned from the frequency difference between quantum states coupled to each other by a quantum logic operation (e.g., ΔE = hΔf1 ± δ, where δ is small compared to ΔE).

[0081] When the difference between the combination of the first frequency and the second frequency satisfies a threshold criterion, the combination of the first frequency and the second frequency is said to correspond to the set frequency value f v . For example, when the difference between the combination of the first frequency and the second frequency and the set frequency value is smaller than the threshold frequency difference, the combination of the first frequency and the second frequency corresponds to the set frequency value. For example, if the combination of the first frequency f A and the second frequency f B is the sum of the first frequency f A and the second frequency f B and |fv -(f A +f B )| <f thresh And here, f thresh In one exemplary embodiment, where is the threshold frequency difference, the combination of the first frequency and the second frequency is a set frequency value f v This corresponds to the following. In various embodiments, the threshold frequency difference is smaller than the frequency difference between the first frequency and the second frequency (for example, f thresh <|f A -f B For example, in various embodiments, the threshold frequency difference is 1 MHz or less (e.g., 750 or 500 kHz).

[0082] Therefore, in various embodiments, for each pair of voltage signal sources 120 configured to work together to at least partially result in the execution of quantum logic operations, the frequencies of the electrical signals and / or voltage signals 122 generated by the pair of voltage signal sources 120 are relationally constrained to have a frequency combination corresponding to a set frequency value and a frequency difference of 1 MHz or more (for example, 5 MHz or more in some embodiments, and about 50 to 100 MHz in some embodiments).

[0083] In one exemplary embodiment, three or more voltage signal sources 120 (e.g., three or four voltage signal sources) are configured to work together to produce at least partially quantum logic operations. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the first optical modulator 130A is replaced by two modulators that can be operated at the same or different frequencies. When determining whether a combination of the first and second frequencies corresponds to a set frequency value, the combination of frequencies (e.g., sum or difference, as appropriate for this embodiment) at which those two modulators operate replaces the first frequency. For example, in various embodiments, the first frequency corresponds to a change in the optical frequency of the first optical beam (the first-order portion) due to modulators included in the corresponding beampath system 66. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the first modulator is replaced by two modulators that are operated at a fifth frequency f5 and a sixth frequency f6, respectively. When two modulators are operated to change the optical frequency of a light beam modulated by them by the sum of a fifth frequency f5 and a sixth frequency f6, the sum of the fifth frequency f5 and the sixth frequency f6 is used instead of the first frequency when determining whether a combination of the first and second frequencies corresponds to a set frequency value. When two modulators are operated to change the optical frequency of a light beam modulated by them by the difference between a fifth frequency f5 and a sixth frequency f6, the difference between the fifth frequency f5 and the sixth frequency f6 is used instead of the first frequency when determining whether a combination of the first and second frequencies corresponds to a set frequency value. Similarly, the second optical modulator 130B may be replaced by two or more modulators, and when determining whether a combination of the first and second frequencies corresponds to a set frequency value, the entire change in the optical frequency of the second optical beam (or its primary portion) due to the modulators included in each beampath system 66 will be used instead of the second frequency.

[0084] For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the voltage signal source 120 is organized into one or more sets of voltage signal sources. One of the sets of voltage signal sources includes one or more first voltage signal sources and one or more second voltage signal sources. The controller is configured to cause one or more first voltage signal sources and one or more second voltage signal sources to generate each voltage signal characterized by its respective frequency. To collectively modify (e.g., increase or decrease) the optical frequency of an optical beam traversing a first beampath by a first frequency, each voltage signal generated by one or more first voltage signal sources is applied to each optical modulator along the first beampath. To collectively modify (e.g., increase or decrease) the optical frequency of an optical beam traversing a second beampath by a second frequency, each voltage signal generated by one or more second voltage signal sources is applied to each optical modulator along the second beampath. Each of the respective frequencies is distinct from one another. The combination of the first frequency and the second frequency corresponds to a set frequency value, and the first frequency is different from the second frequency.

[0085] In various embodiments, the controller 30 causes the quantum computer 210 to perform quantum logic operations on one or more quantum objects by confining one or more quantum objects at a target location 225 in the confinement device 220. The controller 30 causes the first operating source 64A to generate and provide a first optical signal 132A and the second operating source 64B to generate and provide a second optical signal 132B. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the first operating source 64A and the second operating source 64B are lasers, and the controller 30 may control the operation of the lasers by providing executable instructions to the respective laser drivers. The controller 30 provides a first control signal 112A to the first voltage signal source 120A to control its operation, so that the first voltage signal source 120A operates at a first frequency f AThe controller 30 generates a first electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122A characterized by the following. The controller 30 provides a second control signal 112B to the second voltage signal source 120B to control its operation, and as a result, the second voltage signal source 120B operates at a second frequency f B This generates a second electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122B characterized by the first frequency f A and the second frequency f B It has a frequency combination corresponding to a set frequency value, configured to cause a desired quantum state coupling configured to perform quantum logic operations. Furthermore, the first frequency f A and the second frequency f B The frequency difference is non-zero (for example, at least 1 MHz or more). Each optical modulator 130 modulates its respective optical signal 132 based on the respective frequencies of its respective electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 in order to provide its respective modulated optical signal 134 that is incident simultaneously and / or overlapping in time over the target location 225 in order to perform quantum logic operations.

[0086] In one exemplary embodiment, each of the operating frequencies of the optical modulator 130 is different from a set frequency value. For example, in various embodiments, the first frequency f A , second frequency f B , third frequency f C , or the fourth frequency f D None of these frequencies fall within the buffer range of the set frequency value. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the set frequency value is 400 MHz, the buffer range is 300-500 MHz, and as a result, none of the first, second, third, or fourth frequencies have a value within the buffer range of 300-500 MHz. In various embodiments, the size of the buffer range is configured such that the operating frequency of the modulator is sufficiently different from the set frequency value so that light leaking from the modulator due to crosstalk, without any filtering to remove crosstalk, does not allow undesirable quantum logic operations to be performed.

[0087] Figure 4 provides a flowchart of processes, procedures, and operations performed by a controller 30 to bring about the execution of quantum logic operations using a frequency-extended multichannel system 100 and / or quantum computing system 200, according to an exemplary embodiment. Starting in step 402, the controller 30 acquires multiple frequencies. For example, each of the multiple frequencies is assigned to each channel of the frequency-extended multichannel system. For example, a user may operate a classical computing entity 10 to provide and / or program multiple frequencies, each assigned to its respective channel. The computing entity 10 may then provide (e.g., transmit) the multiple frequencies and their respective channel assignments, and as a result, the controller receives the multiple frequencies and their respective channel assignments. In another example, the controller 30 determines multiple frequencies based on the frequency range in which the voltage signal sources 120 can operate, the number of voltage signal sources 120, the number of voltage signal sources 120 mounted within a common chassis, frame, or mounting block 110, and assigns each of the multiple frequencies to its respective channel. In one exemplary embodiment, each voltage signal source is wired to generate signals of their respective frequencies. For example, the controller 30 may acquire multiple frequencies by receiving at least a portion of the specifications of each voltage signal source 120.

[0088] In various embodiments, each of a plurality of frequencies is assigned to each channel and / or voltage signal source 120 such that each frequency assigned to an adjacent and / or nearest voltage signal source has a frequency difference of 1 MHz or more. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, a first frequency f A The frequency is 195 MHz, and the second frequency f B It is 205MHz, and the third frequency f C It is 195MHz, and the fourth frequency f DThis is 205MHz. In another example, the first frequency f A The frequency is 190 MHz, and the second frequency f B It is 210MHz, and the third frequency f C It is 190MHz, and the fourth frequency f D It is 210MHz.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, each of a plurality of frequencies is assigned to each channel and / or voltage signal source 120 such that each frequency assigned to an adjacent and / or nearest voltage signal source has a frequency difference of 1 MHz or more, and each frequency assigned to a non-neighboring voltage signal source has a frequency difference of 1 MHz or more. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the first frequency f A The frequency is 195 MHz, and the second frequency f B It is 205MHz, and the third frequency f C It is 194MHz, and the fourth frequency f D This is 206MHz. In another example, the first frequency f A The frequency is 195 MHz, and the second frequency f B It is 205MHz, and the third frequency f C It is 190MHz, and the fourth frequency f D It is 210MHz.

[0090] In one exemplary embodiment, both the frequency combination of a first frequency and a second frequency, and the frequency combination of a third frequency and a fourth frequency, correspond to set frequency values ​​configured to correspond to desired quantum state couplings used to perform quantum logic operations. For example, the voltage signal sources 120 may be organized into pairs, each pair configured to be used when performing a particular quantum logic operation at a specific target location 225 defined by the confinement device 220. The frequency combinations of frequencies characterizing the electrical and / or voltage signals of each pair of voltage signal sources correspond to set frequency values ​​configured to correspond to desired quantum state couplings used to perform a particular quantum logic operation.

[0091] In step 404, the controller 30 determines a tuning word for each channel. For example, the controller 30 provides and / or transmits a tuning word to each voltage signal source 120 (e.g., DDS) in order to cause each voltage signal source 120 to generate an electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 characterized by the respective frequency assigned to each channel.

[0092] For example, in an exemplary embodiment where the voltage signal source 120 is a DDS, the controller 30 may determine a tuning word for each channel and / or voltage signal source 120 corresponding to each frequency. For example, each frequency f i is related

[0093]

number

[0094] Through each tuning word M i Related to this, here, M i is the tuning word, fc is the system clock frequency (e.g., the clock frequency of controller 30, or the local clock frequency of each voltage signal source), and N is the length of the phase accumulator of each voltage signal source 120 (e.g., the number of bits).

[0095] In step 406, the controller 30 provides each of the voltage signal sources 120 with a control signal 112 to cause each voltage signal source 120 to generate and / or provide an electrical signal and / or voltage signal characterized by the respective frequency assigned to each voltage signal source 120. For example, in various embodiments, the controller 30 provides each of the control signals 112 to program each voltage signal source 120 to generate and / or provide an electrical signal and / or voltage signal characterized by the respective frequency assigned to each voltage signal source 120. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, each control signal 112 includes a respective tuning word.

[0096] Each voltage signal source 120 generates its respective electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122, which are provided to each additional component via its respective electrical connection 124. In various embodiments, the respective electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 are provided to each additional component to control, at least in part, the operation of each additional component.

[0097] In one exemplary embodiment, the additional component is an optical modulator 130. For example, the optical modulator 130 is configured to modulate the optical signals 132 based on the respective electrical signals and / or voltage signals 122 applied to the optical modulator 130 in order to generate and / or provide each modulated optical signal 134. In one exemplary embodiment, each modulated optical signal is used to perform and / or carry out a quantum logic operation at each target location 225. For example, a pair of modulated optical signals 134 (of channels having frequency combinations corresponding to set frequency values ​​and frequency differences of at least 1 MHz) may be incident on a particular target location 225 simultaneously (e.g., at least partially overlapping in time) to cause the occurrence of a particular quantum logic operation on one or more quantum objects disposed at the target location 225 at that time.

[0098] Filtering as an example of crosstalk In various embodiments, the effect of crosstalk on the operation of a frequency-overhanging multichannel system is reduced and / or mitigated through the use of electrical filtering, optical filtering, and / or spatial filtering. In detail, a desired frequency for a particular channel is known (e.g., the frequency assigned to that channel). Inter-channel crosstalk results in signals of different frequencies (e.g., frequencies other than the desired / assigned frequency) being introduced into the electrical connections of the channels and / or the modulated optical signal generated by the channels. Figure 5A shows the optical filtering of an exemplary channel 500A. Figure 5B shows the electrical filtering of an exemplary channel 500B. Figure 5C shows the spatial filtering of an exemplary channel 500C.

[0099] As shown in Figure 5A, channel 500A includes a voltage signal source 120 configured to receive a control signal 112 (generated and provided by controller 30) and generate an electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 characterized by the frequency indicated by the control signal 112. Channel 500A further includes an additional component that forms an optical modulator 130. The optical modulator 130 is configured to receive an optical signal 132 (for example, via a waveguide, optical fiber, or free-space propagation) and cause the electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 to be applied to the optical modulator 130. The optical modulator 130 is further configured to modulate the optical signal 132 based at least in part on the electrical signal and / or voltage signal applied to the optical modulator 130 in order to generate and provide a modulated optical signal 134. For example, the optical modulator may modulate the optical signal 132 such that the optical frequency of the optical signal is increased and / or decreased by the frequency of the electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122.

[0100] Channel 500A further includes an optical filter 510. The optical filter 510 is configured to filter the modulated optical signal 134 in order to allow the first-order portion of the modulated optical signal 134 to pass through and to remove portions of the modulated optical signal generated due to crosstalk between channel 500A and one or more other channels of the frequency-overhanging multi-channel system 100. The optical filter 510 may be a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter, a band-pass filter, a grating, a cavity, etc. For example, the optical frequency of the optical signal 132 is f O The frequency that characterizes the electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 is f i Therefore, the first-order part of the modulated optical signal is f O +f i or f O -f i In various embodiments, the optical filter 510 is f O +f i +Δ is higher than f O -f i It is configured to filter out light characterized by frequencies lower than -Δ, where Δ is a non-zero frequency.

[0101] In various embodiments, the non-zero frequency Δ corresponds to and / or is equal to the smallest voltage difference between the voltage signal sources of the frequency-overhanging multichannel system 100. For example, the non-zero frequency Δ may correspond to and / or is equal to the frequency difference between non-neighboring voltage signal sources of the frequency-overhanging multichannel system 100 (e.g., 1 MHz or more in one exemplary embodiment). In another example, the non-zero frequency Δ may correspond to and / or is equal to the frequency difference between adjacent and / or nearest-neighboring voltage signal sources of the frequency-overhanging multichannel system 100 (e.g., 1 MHz or more in one exemplary embodiment).

[0102] As shown in Figure 5B, channel 500B includes a voltage signal source 120 configured to receive a control signal 112 (generated and provided by controller 30) and generate an electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 characterized by the frequency indicated by the control signal 112. Channel 500B further includes an additional component that forms an optical modulator 130. The optical modulator 130 is configured to receive an optical signal 132 (for example, via a waveguide, optical fiber, or free-space propagation) and cause the electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 to be applied to the optical modulator 130. The optical modulator 130 is further configured to modulate the optical signal 132 based at least in part on the electrical signal and / or voltage signal applied to the optical modulator 130 in order to generate and provide a modulated optical signal 134. For example, the optical modulator may modulate the optical signal 132 such that the optical frequency of the optical signal is increased and / or decreased by the frequency of the electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122.

[0103] Channel 500B further includes an electrical filter 520. The electrical filter 520 is configured to filter the electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 before it is provided to the optical modulator 130. In various embodiments, the electrical filter 520 may be located at any point along the electrical connection 124 between the voltage signal source 120 and the optical modulator 130. In various embodiments, the electrical filter 520 is configured to eliminate crosstalk between channel 500B and one or more other channels of the frequency-overlapping multichannel system 100. The electrical filter 520 may be a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter, a band-pass filter, etc. For example, the frequency characterizing the electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 of channel 500B is f i Therefore, the electrical filter 520 is f i +Δ is higher than f i It is configured to filter out portions of the electrical and / or voltage signals 122 characterized by frequencies lower than -Δ, where Δ is a non-zero frequency.

[0104] In various embodiments, the non-zero frequency Δ corresponds to and / or is equal to the smallest voltage difference between the voltage signal sources of the frequency-overhanging multichannel system 100. For example, the non-zero frequency Δ may correspond to and / or is equal to the frequency difference between non-neighboring voltage signal sources of the frequency-overhanging multichannel system 100 (e.g., 1 MHz or more in one exemplary embodiment). In another example, the non-zero frequency Δ may correspond to and / or is equal to the frequency difference between adjacent and / or nearest-neighboring voltage signal sources of the frequency-overhanging multichannel system 100 (e.g., 1 MHz or more in one exemplary embodiment).

[0105] As shown in Figure 5C, channel 500C includes a voltage signal source 120 configured to receive a control signal 112 (generated and provided by controller 30) and generate an electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 characterized by the frequency indicated by the control signal 112. Channel 500C further includes an additional component that forms an optical modulator 130. The optical modulator 130 is configured to receive an optical signal 132 (for example, via a waveguide, optical fiber, or free-space propagation) and cause the electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122 to be applied to the optical modulator 130. The optical modulator 130 is further configured to modulate the optical signal 132 based at least in part on the electrical signal and / or voltage signal applied to the optical modulator 130 in order to generate and provide a modulated optical signal 134. For example, the optical modulator may modulate the optical signal 132 such that the optical frequency of the optical signal is increased and / or decreased by the frequency of the electrical signal and / or voltage signal 122.

[0106] The modulated optical signal 134 is filtered using spatial filtering. For example, the optical fiber 530 is positioned along a beampath along which light of a desired frequency or frequency range exits the optical modulator 130. For example, the optical modulator 130 is configured such that light modulated at different frequencies exits the optical modulator 130 at different angles. For example, the portion of the optical signal 132 modulated at the frequency assigned to channel 500C (the modulated optical signal 134) exits the optical modulator 130 at an angle such that the modulated optical signal 134 is coupled into the optical fiber 530. The portion of the optical signal 132 modulated at the frequency assigned to the adjacent channel 532 (for example, as a result of crosstalk between channel 500C and the adjacent channel) exits the optical modulator 130 at a different angle than the modulated optical signal 134. Therefore, the portion of the optical signal 132 modulated at the frequency assigned to the adjacent channel 532 (for example, as a result of crosstalk between channel 500C and the adjacent channel) is not coupled into the optical fiber 530. The optical fiber 530 may also be part of a beampath system 66 configured to transport the modulated optical signal 134 in at least a portion of its path to the target location 225.

[0107] In various embodiments, instead of coupling the modulated optical signal 134 into the optical fiber 530, another form of spatial filtering may be used. For example, an optical absorber having a slit or aperture at a certain location is configured to allow the modulated optical signal 134 to pass through the slit or aperture while the light emanating from the optical modulator 130 is absorbed, reflected, deflected, etc., at different angles, so that only the modulated optical signal 134 reaches the target location 225.

[0108] In various embodiments, different channels are operating (for example, generating and providing electrical and / or voltage signals of different frequencies), so that inter-channel crosstalk can be optically filtered, electrically filtered, and / or spatially filtered, and as a result, crosstalk can be distinguished from the desired signal for each channel in the frequency space.

[0109] Technical advantages In conventional multi-channel systems, voltage signal sources configured to generate electrical and / or voltage signals that will be used to perform the same task (for example, to control the operation of similar optical modulators configured to perform similar tasks in a multi-channel system) are operated to generate electrical and / or voltage signals of the same frequency. For example, multiple 200 MHz AOMs may be operated to generate 200 MHz electrical and / or voltage signals. Electrical crosstalk can occur between different electrical channels when the voltage signal sources are located close to each other, or when the wires configured to enable electrical communication between each voltage signal source and each additional component are close to each other. Such electrical crosstalk between different electrical channels can degrade the operation of a multi-channel system. For example, when a multi-channel system is a quantum computer that performs operations controlled at least in part based on electrical and / or voltage signals generated by each voltage signal source, the integrity and / or fidelity of the operations performed may be degraded and / or reduced as a result of electrical crosstalk between different electrical channels. Thus, technical problems exist regarding the operation of multi-channel systems.

[0110] Additionally, when an electrical signal intended to control the operation of an optical modulator is configured to prevent the modulator from providing light (for example, an electrical signal intended to control the operation of an optical modulator is configured to keep the optical modulator in the off state), crosstalk between the electrical signals being applied to the optical modulator may cause the modulator to provide first-order diffracted light. This results in additional noise and undesirable light scattering in multi-channel systems.

[0111] Various embodiments provide technical solutions to these technical problems. For example, various embodiments provide frequency-overlapping multichannel systems. For example, in various embodiments, adjacent voltage signal sources are operated to generate electrical and / or voltage signals characterized by different frequencies. In one exemplary embodiment, each of a plurality of voltage signal sources is operated to generate its own electrical and / or voltage signal, characterized by a different frequency from other electrical and / or voltage signals generated by the other voltage signal sources among the plurality of voltage signal sources. For example, a first voltage signal source is operated to generate an electrical and / or voltage signal characterized by a first frequency, and a second voltage signal source is operated to generate an electrical and / or voltage signal characterized by a second frequency, where the first and second frequencies are different from each other. For example, the frequency difference between the first frequency and the second frequency is at least 1 MHz (for example, in the range of 1 MHz to 100 MHz in one exemplary embodiment). Therefore, any crosstalk between the first channel, which has a first voltage signal source, and the second channel, which has a second voltage signal source, may be removed and / or attenuated using various filtering techniques. Thus, any effect of crosstalk between the first channel and the second channel (for example, on the integrity and / or fidelity of any operation controlled at least partially through the first channel and / or the second channel) is reduced and / or mitigated. Therefore, various embodiments provide technical advantages and improvements to the operation of a multi-channel system.

[0112] Furthermore, in conventional quantum computers that use optical modulators to control the supply of two or more optical signals to a target location to perform quantum logic operations (e.g., single-qubit gates, multi-qubit and / or two-qubit gates), leakage light from one or more optical modulators of various orders can cause undesirable coupling between the various quantum states of the quantum object placed at the target location.

[0113] For example, when a light beam is modulated by an optical modulator, the majority of the light beam is modulated according to the frequency characterizing the electrical and / or voltage signal applied to the optical modulator. This is called first-order modulation. A portion of the light beam is modulated according to the second harmonic (e.g., twice that frequency) of the frequency characterizing the electrical and / or voltage signal applied to the optical modulator. This is called second-order modulation. A portion of the light beam may not be modulated at all; this is called zero-order modulation. The desired modulated light signal is the first-order modulated light signal. However, leaked light (e.g., the zero-order portion, the second-order portion, the third-order portion, etc. of the modulated light signal) also incident on multiple quantum objects placed at the target location. This leaked light can result in undesirable coupling of quantum states of multiple quantum objects. For example, the zero-order portion of the first modulated light signal and the second-order portion of the second modulated light signal may interact with the quantum objects placed at the target location to cause undesirable coupled quantum states of multiple quantum objects.

[0114] In various scenarios, a first modulated optical signal and a second modulated optical signal are provided to a target location to perform a quantum logic operation. For example, the first modulated optical signal (or its first-order portion) and the second modulated optical signal (or its first-order portion) incident on multiple quantum objects arranged at the target location cause a multi-qubit (e.g., 2-qubit) gate to be executed on the multiple quantum objects. Undesirable coupling of the quantum states of the multiple quantum objects, caused by leaky light incident on the multiple quantum objects arranged at the target location, can reduce and / or degrade the fidelity of the quantum logic operation performed on the multiple quantum objects. A similar undesirable coupling of the quantum states of quantum objects embodying qubits can reduce and / or degrade the fidelity of a single-qubit gate. Therefore, technical problems exist regarding the execution of highly fidelity quantum logic operations.

[0115] Various embodiments provide technical solutions to these technical problems. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, a first voltage signal source is operated to generate a first electrical signal and / or voltage signal characterized by a first frequency and used to control the operation of a first optical modulator. A second voltage signal source is operated to generate a second electrical signal and / or voltage signal characterized by a second frequency and used to control the operation of a second optical modulator. The first optical modulator modulates the first optical signal to provide a first (primary) modulated optical signal having a frequency that increases by a first frequency with respect to the frequency of the first optical signal. The second optical modulator modulates the second optical signal to provide a second (primary) modulated optical signal having a frequency that decreases by a second frequency with respect to the frequency of the second optical signal. In various embodiments, the combination of a first frequency and a second frequency corresponds to a set frequency value configured to allow its (first-order) modulated optical signal to induce gate coupling so that it performs quantum logic operations (e.g., single-qubit gates, multi-qubit and / or two-qubit gates). The first and second frequencies are different from each other (e.g., have a frequency difference of at least 1 MHz). Because the first and second frequencies are not equal to each other, the ability of leaky light to induce undesirable coupling of quantum states of a quantum object is reduced and / or mitigated.

[0116] Furthermore, frequency overhang and filtering reduce the primary light emitted by optical modulators that are intended to be "off" and / or not provide a light beam at that time.

[0117] Therefore, various embodiments offer technical advantages and improvements to the operation of systems with multiple electrical channels, quantum computers, and highly fidelity quantum logic operations.

[0118] Example Controller Various embodiments provide a frequency-extended multichannel system 100 and / or a quantum computer 210 comprising the frequency-extended multichannel system 100. In one exemplary embodiment, the system is a quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) based quantum computer 210 or other quantum computer that uses the frequency-extended multichannel system 100 to perform quantum logic operations (e.g., single-qubit gates, multi-qubit or two-qubit gates). In various embodiments, the system (e.g., the frequency-extended multichannel system 100 and / or the quantum computer 210) further comprises a controller 30 configured to control various elements of the system. For example, the controller 30 may be configured to control the voltage signal source 120, the cryogenic system and / or vacuum system for controlling the temperature and pressure in the cryogenic chamber and / or vacuum chamber 40, the operating source 64 (e.g., 64A, 64B, 64C), the active components of the beampath system 66 (e.g., the optical modulator 130), the magnetic field source, and other systems that control environmental conditions in the cryogenic chamber and / or vacuum chamber 40 (e.g., temperature, humidity, pressure, magnetic field gradient, etc.), which are configured to operate and / or induce the controlled evolution of the quantum states of one or more quantum objects confined by the confinement device and / or read and / or detect the quantum states of one or more quantum objects confined by the confinement device 220.

[0119] As shown in Figure 6, in various embodiments, the controller 30 may comprise various controller elements, including one or more processing devices 605, memory 610, driver controller elements 615, communication interfaces 620, analog-to-digital converter elements 625, and so on. For example, one or more processing devices 605 may comprise one or more processing elements, such as programmable logic devices (CPLDs), microprocessors, coprocessing entities, application-specific instruction set processors (ASIPs), integrated circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic arrays (PLAs), hardware accelerators, other processing devices, and / or circuit configurations. The term circuit configuration may refer to the hardware embodiment as a whole, or a combination of hardware and computer program products. In one exemplary embodiment, one or more processing devices 605 of the controller 30 comprises and / or communicates with a clock. In various embodiments, this clock defines the system's clock cycle and / or clock frequency.

[0120] For example, memory 610 may include non-temporary memory such as volatile memory storage and / or non-volatile memory storage, such as one or more of the following: hard disk, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, MMC, SD memory card, memory stick, CBRAM, PRAM, FeRAM, RRAM, SONOS, racetrack memory, RAM, DRAM, SRAM, FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, RDRAM, RIMM, DIMM, SIMM, VRAM, cache memory, register memory, etc. In various embodiments, memory 610 may store frequencies allocated to each channel, qubit records corresponding to qubits of the quantum computer (e.g., in a qubit record data storage device, qubit record database, qubit record table, etc.), calibration tables, executable queues, computer program code (e.g., one or more computer languages, special controller languages, etc.). In one exemplary embodiment, the execution of at least a portion of computer program code stored in memory 610 (for example, by processing device 605) causes a controller 30 to perform one or more steps, operations, processes, procedures, etc., as described herein, to control one or more components of the quantum computer 210 (e.g., voltage source 50, operation source 64, magnetic field source, etc.) to cause a controlled evolution of the quantum state of one or more quantum objects, to detect and / or read the quantum state of one or more quantum objects, etc.

[0121] In various embodiments, the driver controller element 615 may include one or more drivers and / or controller elements, each configured to control one or more drivers. In various embodiments, the driver controller element 615 may comprise drivers and / or driver controllers. For example, a driver controller may be configured to operate one or more corresponding drivers according to executable instructions, commands, etc., scheduled and executed by the controller 30 (e.g., by the processing device 605). In various embodiments, the driver controller element 615 may enable the controller 30 to operate the operating source 64. In various embodiments, the drivers may include laser drivers, vacuum component drivers, RF electrodes, control electrodes, and / or drivers for controlling the flow of current and / or voltage applied to other electrodes (e.g., shim electrodes) used to maintain and / or control the confinement potential of the confinement device (and / or other drivers for providing driver action sequences and / or control signals to the potential generating elements of the confinement device), cryogenic and / or vacuum system component drivers, etc. For example, the driver may control, and / or include, a control device and / or an RF voltage driver and / or a voltage source that provides voltage and / or electrical signals to the control electrodes and / or RF electrodes of the confinement device. In various embodiments, the controller 30 includes means for communicating and / or receiving signals from one or more detectors, such as optical receiver components of the optical acquisition system (e.g., cameras, MEM cameras, CCD cameras, photodiodes, photomultiplier tubes, etc.). For example, the controller 30 may include one or more analog-to-digital converter elements 625 configured to receive signals from one or more detectors, optical receiver components, calibration sensors, etc.

[0122] In various embodiments, the controller 30 may include a communication interface 620 for interfaceing with and / or communicating with one or more computing entities 10. For example, the controller 30 may include a communication interface 620 for receiving executable instructions, command sets, etc., from the computing entities 10 and providing the computing entities 10 with outputs received from the quantum processor 215 (e.g., via an optical collection system) and / or the results of processing the outputs (received from the quantum processor 215). In various embodiments, the computing entities 10 and the controller 30 may communicate via direct wired and / or wireless connections, and / or via one or more wired and / or wireless networks 20.

[0123] Exemplary Computing Entity Figure 7 provides an exemplary schematic diagram representing an exemplary computing entity 10 that may be used in conjunction with embodiments of the present invention. In various embodiments, the computing entity 10 is configured to allow a user to provide inputs to a quantum computer 210 (for example, through a user interface of the computing entity 10) and to receive, display, analyze, and so on outputs from the quantum computer 210.

[0124] As shown in Figure 7, the computing entity 10 may include an antenna 712, a transmitter 704 (e.g., wireless), a receiver 706 (e.g., wireless), and a processing device 708 that provides a signal to the transmitter 704 and receives a signal from the receiver 706, respectively.

[0125] The signals provided to the transmitter 704 and received by the receiver 706 may include signaling information / data in accordance with applicable wireless system air interface standards for communication with various entities, such as the controller 30 and other computing entities 10. In this regard, computing entity 10 may be able to operate using one or more air interface standards, communication protocols, modulation types, and access types. For example, computing entity 10 may be configured to receive and / or provide communications using wired data transmission protocols such as Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Ethernet, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS), or any other wired transmission protocol. Similarly, computing entity 10 may be configured to receive and / or provide communications using General-Purpose Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), CDMA2000 It may be configured to communicate over a wireless external communication network using any of the following protocols: 1X (1xRTT), Broadband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA®), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM Evolution Enhanced Data Rate (EDGE), Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), Evolution Data Optimized (EVDO), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), Wi-Fi Direct, 802.16 (WiMAX), Ultra Wideband (UWB), Infrared (IR) Protocol, Near Field Communication (NFC) Protocol, Wibree, Bluetooth Protocol, Wireless Universal Serial Bus (USB) Protocol, and / or any other wireless protocol.Computing entity 10 may use protocols and standards such as Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name System (DNS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), HTTP, HTTP over TLS / SSL / Secure, Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), Network Time Protocol (NTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Telnet, Transport Layer Security (TLS), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP), Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) to communicate.

[0126] Through these communication standards and protocols, the computing entity 10 can communicate with various other entities using concepts such as unstructured additional service information / data (USSD), short message service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF), and / or subscriber identification module dialer (SIM dialer). The computing entity 10 can also download changes, add-ons, and updates to its firmware, software (including, for example, executable instructions, applications, and program modules), and operating system. In various embodiments, the computing entity 10 further comprises one or more network interfaces 720 configured to communicate over one or more wired networks and / or wireless networks 20.

[0127] The computing entity 10 may also include a user interface device comprising one or more user input / output interfaces (for example, a display 716 and / or speaker / speaker driver coupled to the processing device 708, as well as a touchscreen, keyboard, mouse, and / or microphone coupled to the processing device 708). For example, the user output interface may be configured to provide applications, browsers, user interfaces, interfaces, dashboards, screens, web pages, pages, and / or similar terms used herein that run on and / or are accessible via the computing entity 10 for displaying or audibly presenting information / data, and for interacting with the user output interface via one or more user input interfaces. The user input interface may comprise any of several devices that enable the computing entity 10 to receive data, such as a keypad 718 (hard or soft), a touch display, a voice / speech or motion interface, a scanner, a reader, or other input device. In embodiments including a keypad 718, the keypad 718 may include (or trigger the display of) conventional numeric keys (0-9) and related keys (#,*), as well as other keys used to operate the computing entity 10, and may include a set of keys that can be activated to provide a complete set of alphabetic keys or a complete set of alphanumeric keys. In addition to providing input, the user input interface may be used to activate or deactivate several functions, such as a screen saver and / or sleep mode. Through such input, the computing entity 10 can collect information / data, user interaction / user input, etc.For example, a user interface device may allow the user to program multiple frequencies and assign each of the multiple frequencies to its respective channel and / or voltage signal source.

[0128] The computing entity 10 may also include volatile storage or memory 722 and / or non-volatile storage or memory 724, which may be embedded and / or removable. For example, non-volatile memory may be ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, MMC, SD memory card, memory stick, CBRAM, PRAM, FeRAM, RRAM, SONOS, racetrack memory, etc. Volatile memory may be RAM, DRAM, SRAM, FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, RDRAM, RIMM, DIMM, SIMM, VRAM, cache memory, register memory, etc. The volatile and non-volatile storage or memory may store databases, database instances, database management system entities, data, applications, programs, program modules, scripts, source code, object code, byte code, compiled code, interpreter code, machine code, executable instructions, etc., in order to perform the functions of the computing entity 10.

[0129] Conclusion Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention described herein will be obvious to those skilled in the art, having the advantages of the teachings presented in the above description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the invention is not limited to any particular embodiment disclosed, and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Certain terms are used herein, but they are used only in a general and descriptive sense, not for limitation. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0130] 10 computing entities 20 wired network or wireless network 30 controller 40 low temperature chamber and / or vacuum chamber 64 operation source 66 beam path system 100 frequency-spanning multi-channel system 112 control signal 120 voltage signal source 122 electrical signal and / or voltage signal 124 electrical connection 130 optical modulator 132 optical signal 134 modulated optical signal 200 quantum computing system 210 quantum computer 215 quantum processor [[ID=3)8]]220 confinement device 225 target location 332 operation signal 334 modulated operation signal 336 modulated operation signal 500 channel 510 optical filter 520 electrical filter 530 optical fiber 532 adjacent channel 605 processing device 610 memory 615 driver controller element 620 communication interface 625 analog-to-digital converter element 704 transmitter 706 receiver 708 processing device 712 antenna 716 display 718 keypad 720 Network Interfaces 722 Volatile storage or memory 724 Non-volatile storage or memory

Claims

1. A method for executing a quantum logic gate, which is executed by a controller configured to control the operation of one or more components of a quantum computer. A step of controlling the operation of a first voltage signal source to generate a first voltage signal having a first frequency, A step of controlling the operation of a second voltage signal source to generate a second voltage signal having a second frequency. Equipped with, The first voltage signal is supplied to a first optical modulator configured to modulate a first optical signal based at least partially on the first frequency. The second voltage signal is supplied to a second optical modulator configured to modulate a second optical signal based at least partially on the second frequency. The combination of the first frequency and the second frequency corresponds to a set frequency value. A method wherein the first frequency is different from the second frequency.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sum of (a) the frequency difference between the frequency of the first optical signal and the frequency of the second optical signal and (b) the set frequency value corresponds to a quantum state transition corresponding to the quantum logic gate.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first voltage signal source is a first direct digital synthesizer, and the step of controlling the operation of the first voltage signal source comprises the step of providing a tuning word to the first direct digital synthesizer by the controller.

4. One or more pairs of voltage signal sources, A controller configured to control the operation of one or more pairs of voltage signal sources Equipped with, The one or more pairs of voltage signal sources include a first pair of voltage signal sources comprising a first voltage signal source and a second voltage signal source, The controller is configured to cause the first voltage signal sources of the first pair of voltage signal sources to generate a first voltage signal characterized by a first frequency, The controller is configured to cause the second voltage signal source of the first pair of voltage signal sources to generate a second voltage signal characterized by a second frequency, The combination of the first frequency and the second frequency corresponds to a set frequency value. A system in which the first frequency is different from the second frequency.

5. The one or more pairs of voltage signal sources further comprise a second pair of voltage signal sources, and the second pair of voltage signal sources comprises a third voltage signal source and a fourth voltage signal source. The controller is configured to cause the third voltage signal source of the second pair of voltage signal sources to generate a third voltage signal characterized by a third frequency, The controller is configured to cause the fourth voltage signal source of the second pair of voltage signal sources to generate a fourth voltage signal characterized by a fourth frequency, The combination of the third frequency and the fourth frequency corresponds to the set frequency value, The system according to claim 4, wherein the third frequency is different from the fourth frequency.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein each of the first frequency, the second frequency, the third frequency, and the fourth frequency is different from one another.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the frequency difference between each pair of the first frequency, the second frequency, the third frequency, and the fourth frequency is within the range of 1 MHz to 100 MHz.

8. The system according to claim 4, wherein at least two of the one or more pairs of voltage signal sources are mounted in a chassis, and the controller is configured to cause the at least two voltage signal sources to generate their respective voltage signals at different frequencies.

9. The system according to claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to control the operation of a first additional component of the system by applying the first voltage signal to the first additional component, and to control the operation of a second additional component of the system by applying the second voltage signal to the second additional component.

10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the first additional component comprises a first optical modulator, and the second additional component comprises a second optical modulator.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the first voltage signal is applied to the first optical modulator to modulate the first optical modulator to provide a first modulated optical signal, the second voltage signal is applied to the second optical modulator to modulate the second optical modulator to provide a second modulated optical signal, and the first modulated optical signal and the second modulated optical signal are applied to the target location to execute a quantum logic gate on one or more quantum objects disposed at the target location.

12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the sum of (a) the frequency difference between the frequency of the first optical signal and the frequency of the second optical signal and (b) the set frequency value corresponds to a quantum state transition corresponding to the quantum logic gate.

13. The system according to claim 11, wherein the first modulated optical signal is filtered using at least one of spatial filtering or optical filtering.

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the at least one of spatial filtering or optical filtering is performed by (a) coupling the first modulated optical signal into an optical fiber configured to carry the first modulated optical signal along at least a portion of the optical path from the first optical modulator to the target location, (b) using a grating, (c) using a cavity, or (d) using an optical filter.

15. The system according to claim 9, wherein the first voltage signal is applied to the first additional component via a first electrical connection, and the second voltage signal is applied to the second additional component via a second electrical connection.

16. The system according to claim 15, comprising a filter configured such that the first electrical connection allows a portion of an electrical signal carried by the first electrical connection and characterized by a first frequency to pass through, and attenuates a portion of the electrical signal carried by the first electrical connection and characterized by a second frequency.

17. The system according to claim 4, wherein the frequency difference between the first frequency and the second frequency is in the range of 1 MHz to 100 MHz.

18. The system according to claim 4, wherein the controller provides a first tuning word to cause the first voltage signal source to generate the first voltage signal having a first voltage.

19. Multiple voltage signal sources mounted inside the chassis, A controller configured to control the operation of the voltage signal source so that the voltage signal source generates voltage signals characterized by each frequency, and Equipped with, The plurality of voltage signal sources comprises a first voltage signal source, a second voltage signal source, and a third voltage signal source. The first voltage signal source is adjacent to the second voltage signal source, and the third voltage signal source is adjacent to the second voltage signal source, such that the second voltage signal source is arranged between the first voltage signal source and the third voltage signal source. The controller causes the first voltage signal source to generate a first voltage signal characterized by a first frequency, the second voltage signal source to generate a second voltage signal characterized by a second frequency, and the third voltage signal source to generate a third voltage signal characterized by a third frequency. The first frequency is different from the second frequency, A system in which the second frequency is different from the third frequency.

20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the frequency difference between the first frequency and the second frequency is greater than the frequency difference between the first frequency and the third frequency.

21. A set of voltage signal sources in one section, A controller configured to control the operation of one or more sets of voltage signal sources Equipped with, The one or more sets of voltage signal sources comprises one or more first voltage signal sources and one or more second voltage signal sources. The controller is configured to cause the one or more first voltage signal sources and the one or more second voltage signal sources to generate voltage signals characterized by their respective frequencies. Each of the voltage signals generated by the one or more first voltage signal sources is applied to each optical modulator along the first beampath to modify the optical beam traversing the first beampath by a first frequency. Each of the voltage signals generated by the one or more second voltage signal sources is applied to each optical modulator along the second beampath to modify the optical beam traversing the second beampath by a second frequency. Each of the aforementioned frequencies is different from the others. The combination of the first frequency and the second frequency corresponds to a set frequency value. A system in which the first frequency is different from the second frequency.

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