Presbyopia correction lens system with design dependent on correction of farsightedness / nearsightedness

Abstract

A presbyopia-correcting multifocal contact lens system with a design dependent on refractive error correction for hyperopia / myopia. A multifocal contact lens is part of a multifocal contact lens system ("lens system") that includes multiple myopia-correcting and hyperopia-correcting lenses, each lens having an additional optical area for presbyopia correction, selected based on refractive errors, and fitted to the wearer, who is the patient. To improve far-distance visual acuity in hyperopia, the spherical aberration (SPHA) profile, additional optical area diameter, and / or additional refractive power of the hyperopia-correcting lens within the lens system are optimized based on the hyperopia patient characteristics, which may differ from the myopia patient characteristics used to optimize the myopia-correcting lens within the lens system. Such design optimization may also depend on refractive error for further enhanced far-distance visual acuity.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Priority application) This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 523,418, filed on 27 June 2024, titled “PRESBYOPIA-CORRECTING LENS SYSTEMS HAVING hyperopic / myopic CORRECTION-dependent designs,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] (Field of Invention) The technical field of this disclosure relates to ophthalmic lenses useful for correcting presbyopia. [Background technology]

[0003] As we age, the eye's ability to accommodate or adjust its natural lens to focus on objects relatively close to the observer decreases. This condition is well known as presbyopia. Presbyopia is the gradual loss of the eye's ability to focus on near objects. Similarly, people whose natural lens crystal has been removed (for example, as a result of cataract surgery) lack this ability to adjust. Presbyopia usually becomes noticeable in people in their early to mid-40s and continues to worsen until around the age of 55-65.

[0004] A well-known method for correcting presbyopia is to use bifocal and multifocal lenses in the wearer's eyes. Multifocal lenses are designed to have a specific surface shape to achieve multiple optical focal lengths. Some multifocal lenses are designed to have an extended depth of focus (DOF) that "spreads" the focus over a wider range as a single elongated focal point, instead of multiple optical focal lengths, improving the field of view or DOF range. Multifocal lenses may also have better mid-range visual acuity due to an extended depth of focus (EDOF) that has peak performance for mid-range focused objects.

[0005] For example, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary multifocal lens 100 having multifocality and extended EDOF for correcting presbyopia for near vision, as well as for correcting intermediate and far vision. The multifocal lens 100 has a diameter D CZ The lens has a central additional optical region 102 and transition optical regions 104(1) to 104(3), each positioned around the central optical axis A1 of the multifocal lens 100 and extending outward from there. The additional optical region 102 has an additional region refractive power profile of a paraxial refractive power selected to substantially correct refractive anomalies and an additional refractive power to correct presbyopia. The additional optical region 102 may be spherical or may have some target spherical aberration that depends on the first corrective refractive power within the additional optical region 102. The transition optical regions 104(1) to 104(3) each have different radii R outside the additional optical region 102 with respect to the optical axis A1. C The multifocal lens 100 includes a refractive power profile for correcting the refractive error of each ray ("light") passing through the multifocal lens 100. For example, each transition optical region 104(1) to 104(3) may have a progressive refractive power profile that provides the wearer with overall multifocality as a function of the distance to the object in focus. The second transition optical region 104(2) surrounds the first transition optical region 104(1). The third transition optical region 104(3) surrounds the second transition optical region 104(2) and extends to the edge 106 of the optical region of the multifocal lens 100. The multifocal lens 100 has a total optical region diameter D C It holds.

[0006] DOF is a measure of performance used in optimizing lens design. DOF is defined as the full range of binocular coordination (accommodative requirement) over which performance does not degrade beyond three lines of visual acuity relative to peak performance. Therefore, lens design uses DOF ​​to provide appropriate near-field performance while providing high-quality visual acuity throughout the focal range. For example, Figure 2A shows the multifocal lens 100 of Figure 1 with its EDOF. As shown in Figure 2A, light 200 received by the multifocal lens 100 is refracted and focused at multiple focal lengths due to its refractive power profile provided by its multiple optical regions as described above. The refractive power profile of the multifocal lens 100 is such that the received light 200 is focused over an elongated focal point 202 within the EDOF 204, expanding the field of view. This is in contrast to the monofocal lens 206 shown in Figure 2B, which focuses the received light 200 to a nominal single point 208 with a smaller DOF 210. However, multifocal lens designs typically involve a trade-off in performance between distance, intermediate, and near vision. Therefore, the use of multifocal lenses can result in reduced visual acuity (i.e., image resolution) and image contrast at near distances compared to monofocal lenses with a leader.

[0007] Figure 3 is a graph 300 showing the Minimum Angular Resolution (MAR) curve 302 as a function of viewing distance in diopters (D) for the multifocal lens 100 of Figure 1 worn in the patient's dominant eye. As shown in the through-focus visual performance curve 302 of Figure 3, the exemplary lens 100 achieves a DOF range 304 of approximately 0.8 to 2.6 D and an effective added degree of approximately 0.8 D.

[0008] Generally, most multifocal and EDOF lens designs can be grouped into a combination of one or two styles of near-central or far-central designs. Specifically, lens designs follow one or a combination of the following design types: ring bifocal, ring multifocal, stepped bifocal, sloping bifocal, discontinuous aspheric, and continuous aspheric. Lens fit guides follow one or a combination of the following strategies: pure simultaneous vision, modified monovision, or single lens systems. Generally, lens designs attempt to balance the trade-off between the demand for visual acuity that is not compromised throughout the focal point and the limitations of the human binocular visual system when a simultaneous vision solution is presented. [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] Embodiments disclosed herein include presbyopia-correcting multifocal contact lens systems having designs that depend on correction of hyperopia / myopia refractive errors. Related multifocal contact lens systems and methods of application to patients are also disclosed. Multifocal contact lenses are part of a multifocal contact lens system ("lens system") which includes multiple refractive error correction-dependent multifocal contact lenses that can be selected based on their refractive errors and fitted to the wearer, who is a patient. As will be discussed in more detail below, contact lens designs differ by the effective additional refractive power / or depth of focus (DOF) between myopic and hyperopic refractive errors, and the differences depending on those refractive errors are caused by differences in the optics and visual touch of the eyes of myopic and hyperopic individuals. For example, if a patient is myopic, multifocal contact lenses may be selected from the available lenses in the lens system for the patient's right eye (Oculus Dexter, OD) and left eye (Oculus Sinister, OS) based on the patient's myopic refractive error. Similarly, if a patient is hyperopic, a multifocal contact lens may be selected from the available lenses in the lens system based on the patient's hyperopic refractive error, for the patient's OD and OS. Multifocal contact lenses may also include a central additional optical region and a peripheral transition optical region that provide additional refractive power to deliver effective additional refractive power for correcting refractive errors in order to correct presbyopia.

[0010] It has been found that hyperopic individuals who wear corrective lenses may feel their distance vision is impaired because they have a naturally higher expectation of superior distance vision than myopic individuals. This is typically because myopic individuals have already experienced a decline in distance vision due to their natural refractive error over a period of their lives and across several successive refractive error corrections (i.e., refractive error correction prescriptions). Myopic individuals may not have the same expectations of corrected distance vision with multifocal contact lenses as hyperopic individuals. It has also been found that hyperopia generally has more positive spherical aberration (SPHA) than myopia. However, if, for example, both myopic and hyperopic corrective lenses in a lens system are designed for the target residual SPHA commonly observed in myopic individuals, the hyperopic corrective lens will result in more residual SPHA in average hyperopia. This can result in impaired distance vision in hyperopic individuals wearing hyperopic corrective lenses in the same lens system compared to myopic individuals wearing myopic corrective lenses in the same lens system. Therefore, in an exemplary embodiment, the hyperopia-correcting lens in a lens system is designed with a more negative SPHA compared to the SPHA in the myopia-correcting lens in the same lens system. For example, the hyperopia-correcting lens in a lens system may be designed to have an SPHA that is 10-20% more negative than the SPHA in the myopia-correcting lens in the same lens system. In this way, the SPHA in the multifocal contact lens in the lens system better matches the target residual SPHA of myopic and hyperopic individuals, depending on the myopia / hyperopia correction.

[0011] Furthermore, it has been found that not only do hyperopic individuals generally have more positive ocular SPHA than myopic individuals, but ocular SPHA can increase further in hyperopic individuals as a function of increasing refractive error. Therefore, in other exemplary embodiments, the SPHA in a hyperopic correcting lens within a lens system may be refractive error correction dependent (i.e., refractive error correction prescription or refractive error correction marking refractive power dependent) for further optimization for enhanced distance visual acuity. A refractive error correction-dependent SPHA in a hyperopic correcting lens means that the SPHA further varies between different hyperopic error corrections within different hyperopic correcting lenses within a lens system. For example, the SPHA of a hyperopic correcting lens in a multifocal contact lens system may be designed to add more negative SPHA to the hyperopic correcting lens as the hyperopic refractive error correction of the hyperopic correcting lens increases in diopters. The SPHA of a myopic correcting lens in a multifocal contact lens system may also be fabricated to be refractive error correction dependent to improve distance visual acuity. For example, the SPHA in a myopia-correcting lens may be designed to add more negative SPHA to the lens as the myopia refractive error correction formula of the myopia-correcting lens increases in diopters (i.e., as the refractive error correction formula becomes increasingly negative).

[0012] For all patients, whether nearsighted or farsighted, their pupil size constricts when a person focuses on near objects and dilates when a person focuses on far objects. However, it is recognized that farsighted individuals generally have smaller pupils than nearsighted individuals for the same or similar conditions of brightness, spherical refraction, age, and convergence of eye movements. For example, if both the nearsighted and farsighted corrective lenses in a lens system are designed for presbyopia correction using a central optical region modeled to the average pupil size of a nearsighted person, this may provide farsighted individuals with more compromised farsighted vision compared to nearsighted individuals wearing multifocal contact lenses from the same lens system with the same or similar additional refractive power. This is due to the larger diameter additional region in the multifocal contact lens (modeled to the pupil size of a nearsighted person) that intersects with a larger proportion of the pupil of a farsighted person compared to the pupil of a nearsighted person when focusing on far objects and wearing multifocal lenses from the lens system. Therefore, because the pupils of hyperopic individuals are smaller on average than those of myopic individuals, they may receive less light into the pupil from the transition area of ​​multifocal contact lenses that provide multifocality compared to myopic individuals wearing multifocal lenses from the lens system.

[0013] Therefore, in other exemplary embodiments, the hyperopia-correcting lens in the lens system is designed to have a near-central additional optical region with a smaller optimized diameter compared to the myopia-correcting multifocal lens in the lens system. The optimized diameter of the near-central additional optical region in the hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens, which depends on myopia / hyperopia refractive error correction, increases the proportion of light received by the hyperopic pupil through the transition optical region when focusing on a distant object.

[0014] In further exemplary embodiments, the diameter of the near-center additional optical region within the hyperopia-correcting lens in a lens system may depend on refractive error correction for further optimization to improve distance visual acuity. The dependence of the near-center additional optical region diameter of a hyperopia-correcting lens on refractive error correction means that the diameter of the near-center additional optical region may further vary between different hyperopia error corrections within different hyperopia-correcting lenses in the lens system. For example, it has been found that pupil size in hyperopia decreases as the hyperopia refractive error increases. Therefore, in one embodiment, the diameter of the near-center additional optical region of a hyperopia-correcting lens may be designed such that the diameter of the near-center additional optical region decreases as the hyperopia refractive error correction prescription of the hyperopia-correcting lens increases in diopters. The diameter of the near-center additional optical region of a myopia-correcting lens in a lens system may also be made dependent on refractive error correction. For example, it has been found that pupil size in myopic individuals increases as the myopia refractive error increases (i.e., as the refractive error correction becomes increasingly negative). Therefore, as one embodiment, the diameter of the near-center additional optical region of a myopia-correcting lens may be designed such that the diameter of the near-center additional optical region increases as the myopia refractive error correction formula of the myopia-correcting lens decreases by diopters.

[0015] Furthermore, it has been found that myopia and hyperopia generally differ in the distribution of the required additional refractive power. A higher percentage of hyperopia compared to myopia of the same or similar age are suited to high additional refractive power lenses. Therefore, hyperopia with higher additional refractive power may experience more impaired distance visual acuity compared to myopia. Also, as mentioned above, hyperopia may already have a natural feeling that distance visual acuity is impaired when applying presbyopia-correcting lenses, because better distance visual acuity is expected than with myopia. Therefore, in exemplary embodiments, to improve the distance visual acuity of hyperopia, the effective additional refractive power of the hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens in a multifocal contact lens system is reduced compared to the effective additional refractive power of the myopia-correcting multifocal lens in the same lens system for a given marked additional refractive power. It may also be desirable to improve distance visual acuity by reducing only the effective additional refractive power within a specific effective additional refractive power range of the hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens, utilizing the binocular disparity between the patient's dominant and non-dominant eyes. For example, in non-limiting embodiments, the effective additional refractive power may be reduced by 0.3D in a hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens with a moderately added refractive power (e.g., required additional refractive power of +1.5 to +1.75D) and by 0.2D in a hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens with a high added refractive power (e.g., required additional refractive power of +2.0 to +2.5D). The effective additional refractive power in a hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens within a lens system can be provided by adjusting its paraxial refractive power and aspheric constant.

[0016] Additional features and advantages are described in the following detailed description and will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description, or will be recognized by carrying out the embodiments described herein and in the claims, as well as in the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Please understand that both the general description above and the detailed description below are merely illustrative and intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and features of the claims.

[0018] The attached drawings are included to provide further understanding and are incorporated into this specification, forming part of it. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments and, together with the descriptions, help to illustrate the principles and operation of various embodiments. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0019] The features and advantages described herein, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, will become apparent from the following more specific description of the embodiments of this disclosure. [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary multifocal lens that has a central-near-near additional optical region and a transition region, exhibits extended depth of focus (EDOF), and can be worn by contact lens wearers for the correction of presbyopia for near vision and for the correction of intermediate and far vision through its multifocality and EDOF. [Figure 2A] Figure 2A shows a multifocal lens designed to provide multifocality with EDOF. [Figure 2B] This is a diagram of a lens designed to provide multifocality with depth of focus (DOF). [Figure 3] This graph shows the minimum angular resolution (MAR) as a function of viewing distance in diopters (D) for the lens with DOF shown in Figure 1A and the lens with EDOF shown in Figure 1B. [Figure 4] An exemplary multifocal contact lens system is illustrated, which includes both nearsightedness-correcting lenses and farsightedness-correcting lenses, each possessing an effective additional refractive power. [Figure 5A] This is an exemplary graph that includes multiple myopia and hyperopia refractive power profiles for multiple myopia and hyperopia corrective lenses shown in Figure 4, for each of the labeled additional refractive powers (additional refractive powers) of +0.75 diopters (D), +1.25D, and +1.75D. [Figure 5B]This is an exemplary graph that includes multiple myopia and hyperopia refractive power profiles for multiple myopia and hyperopia corrective lenses shown in Figure 4, for each of the labeled additional refractive powers (additional refractive powers) of +0.75 diopters (D), +1.25D, and +1.75D. [Figure 5C] This is an exemplary graph that includes multiple myopia and hyperopia refractive power profiles for multiple myopia and hyperopia corrective lenses shown in Figure 4, for each of the labeled additional refractive powers (additional refractive powers) of +0.75 diopters (D), +1.25D, and +1.75D. [Figure 6A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different myopic refractive error correction prescriptions in myopia-correcting lenses, represented by the respective myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 5A, for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 6B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different myopic refractive error correction prescriptions in myopia-correcting lenses, represented by the respective myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 5A, for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 6C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different myopic refractive error correction prescriptions in myopia-correcting lenses, represented by the respective myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 5A, for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 6D] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different hyperopic refractive error correction prescriptions in hyperopia-correcting lenses, represented by the respective hyperopic refractive power (hyperopia power) profiles in Figure 5A, for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 6E]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different hyperopic refractive error correction prescriptions in hyperopia-correcting lenses, represented by the respective hyperopic refractive power (hyperopia power) profiles in Figure 5A, for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 6F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different hyperopic refractive error correction prescriptions in hyperopia-correcting lenses, represented by the respective hyperopic refractive power (hyperopia power) profiles in Figure 5A, for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 7A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different myopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) myopia-correcting lenses, represented by the respective myopic refractive power (myopia degree) profiles in Figure 5B, for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 7B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different myopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) myopia-correcting lenses, represented by the respective myopic refractive power (myopia degree) profiles in Figure 5B, for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 7C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different myopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) myopia-correcting lenses, represented by the respective myopic refractive power (myopia degree) profiles in Figure 5B, for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 7D] This is an illustrative plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different hyperopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) hyperopic correcting lenses, represented by the respective myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 5B, for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 7E]This is an illustrative plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different hyperopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) hyperopic correcting lenses, represented by the respective myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 5B, for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 7F] This is an illustrative plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different hyperopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) hyperopic correcting lenses, represented by the respective myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 5B, for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 8A] Figure 5C shows an illustrative plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different myopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) myopic correcting lenses, represented by their respective myopic refractive power profiles, for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 8B] Figure 5C shows an illustrative plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different myopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) myopic correcting lenses, represented by their respective myopic refractive power profiles, for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 8C] Figure 5C shows an illustrative plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different myopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) myopic correcting lenses, represented by their respective myopic refractive power profiles, for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 8D] Figure 5C shows an illustrative plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different hyperopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) hyperopic correcting lenses, represented by their respective myopic refractive power profiles, for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 8E]Figure 5C shows an illustrative plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different hyperopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) hyperopic correcting lenses, represented by their respective myopic refractive power profiles, for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 8F] Figure 5C shows an illustrative plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different hyperopic refractive error correction (i.e., marked refractive power) hyperopic correcting lenses, represented by their respective myopic refractive power profiles, for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 9A] This graph illustrates the average spherical aberration (SPHA) for myopic and hyperopic individuals as a function of refractive error correction prescription (Rx) and required additional refractive power, with the required additional refractive power increasing with age. [Figure 9B] This graph illustrates the average spherical aberration (SPHA) for myopic and hyperopic individuals as a function of refractive error correction prescription (Rx) and required additional refractive power, with the required additional refractive power increasing with age. [Figure 10A] This graph illustrates the entrance pupil diameter for myopic and hyperopic individuals as a function of spherical refraction and the required additional refractive power, with the required additional refractive power increasing with age. [Figure 10B] This graph illustrates the entrance pupil diameter for myopic and hyperopic individuals as a function of spherical refraction and the required additional refractive power, with the required additional refractive power increasing with age. [Figure 11]An exemplary multifocal contact lens system is illustrated, comprising myopia-correcting lenses and hyperopia-correcting lenses, each having an effective additional refractive power, wherein the hyperopia-correcting lens has at least one of the following features: the SPHA of the hyperopia-correcting lens is designed to have a more negative SPHA than the SPHA of the myopia-correcting lens; the myopia-correcting lens is designed to have a near-central additional optical area with a smaller optimized diameter compared to the myopia-correcting multifocal lens; and the effective additional refractive power of the hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens is reduced compared to the effective additional refractive power of the myopia-correcting multifocal lens of the same lens system for a given marked additional refractive power, in order to improve distance visual acuity with the hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens. [Figure 12] Figure 11 illustrates exemplary myopia-correcting and hyperopia-correcting multifocal lenses in the multifocal contact lens system when worn by myopic and hyperopic contact lens wearers, respectively, and shows the relative diameters of the central optical region and transition optical region(s) of the contact lens compared to the constricted pupils of the myopic and hyperopic contact lens wearers when focusing on near objects. [Figure 13A] Figure 11 shows exemplary myopia refractive power profiles of several myopia corrective lenses designed according to the design principles of myopia corrective lenses. Each myopia refractive power profile illustrates multiple myopia refractive error corrections, as well as myopia refractive power profiles for low effective additional refractive power, medium effective additional refractive power, and high effective additional refractive power. [Figure 13B] Figure 11 shows exemplary myopia refractive power profiles of several myopia corrective lenses designed according to the design principles of myopia corrective lenses. Each myopia refractive power profile illustrates multiple myopia refractive error corrections, as well as myopia refractive power profiles for low effective additional refractive power, medium effective additional refractive power, and high effective additional refractive power. [Figure 13C]Figure 11 shows exemplary myopia refractive power profiles of several myopia corrective lenses designed according to the design principles of myopia corrective lenses. Each myopia refractive power profile illustrates multiple myopia refractive error corrections, as well as myopia refractive power profiles for low effective additional refractive power, medium effective additional refractive power, and high effective additional refractive power. [Figure 13D] Figure 11 shows exemplary hyperopia refractive power profiles of multiple hyperopia corrective lenses designed according to the design principles of hyperopia corrective lenses. Each hyperopia refractive power profile represents a hyperopia refractive power profile for multiple hyperopia refractive error corrections, as well as low effective additional refractive power, medium effective additional refractive power, and high effective additional refractive power, which differ from the respective refractive power profiles in Figures 13A to 13C. [Figure 13E] Figure 11 shows exemplary hyperopia refractive power profiles of multiple hyperopia corrective lenses designed according to the design principles of hyperopia corrective lenses. Each hyperopia refractive power profile represents a hyperopia refractive power profile for multiple hyperopia refractive error corrections, as well as low effective additional refractive power, medium effective additional refractive power, and high effective additional refractive power, which differ from the respective refractive power profiles in Figures 13A to 13C. [Figure 13F] Figure 11 shows exemplary hyperopia refractive power profiles of multiple hyperopia corrective lenses designed according to the design principles of hyperopia corrective lenses. Each hyperopia refractive power profile represents a hyperopia refractive power profile for multiple hyperopia refractive error corrections, as well as low effective additional refractive power, medium effective additional refractive power, and high effective additional refractive power, which differ from the respective refractive power profiles in Figures 13A to 13C. [Figure 14A] This table illustrates the monocular effective additional refractive power (in diopters) of each hyperopia-correcting lens with a hyperopia refractive error correction of +2.0D (i.e., a marked refractive power) for each brightness level, as represented by the respective hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figures 13D to 13F. [Figure 14B]This table illustrates the monocular effective additional refractive power (in diopters) of each hyperopia-correcting lens with a hyperopia refractive error correction of +2.0D (i.e., a marked refractive power) for each brightness level, as represented by the respective hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figures 13D to 13F. [Figure 14C] This table illustrates the monocular effective additional refractive power (in diopters) of each hyperopia-correcting lens with a hyperopia refractive error correction of +2.0D (i.e., a marked refractive power) for each brightness level, as represented by the respective hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figures 13D to 13F. [Figure 14D] This table illustrates the monocular effective additional refractive power (in diopters) of each hyperopia-correcting lens with a hyperopia refractive error correction of +2.0D (i.e., a marked refractive power) for each brightness level, as represented by the respective hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figures 13D to 13F. [Figure 15A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 15B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 15C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 15D]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 15E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 15F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 16A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 16B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 16C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 16D]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 16E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 16F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 17A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 17B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 17C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 17D]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 17E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 17F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 18A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13B for a marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 18B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13B for a marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 18C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13B for a marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 18D]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13E for a marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 18E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13E for a marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 18F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13E for a marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 19A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13B for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 19B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13B for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 19C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13B for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 19D]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13E for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 19E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13E for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 19F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13E for a marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 20A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 20B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 20C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 20D]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 20E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 20F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 21A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 21B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 21C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 21D]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 21E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 21F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 22A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 22B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 22C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for myopia-correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 22D]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 22E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 22F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 23A] These are exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, and (2) corresponding low-addition myopia corrective lenses with the respective myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 6A to 6C for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 23B] These are exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, and (2) corresponding low-addition myopia corrective lenses with the respective myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 6A to 6C for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 23C]These are exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, and (2) corresponding low-addition myopia corrective lenses with the respective myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 6A to 6C for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 23D] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, and (2) corresponding low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with the respective hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 6D to 6F for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 23E] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, and (2) corresponding low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with the respective hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 6D to 6F for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 23F] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, and (2) corresponding low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with the respective hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 6D to 6F for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 24A] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective intermediate-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13B for a moderate-addition marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding intermediate-addition myopia correcting lenses with the respective myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 7A to 7C for a moderate-addition marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 24B] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective intermediate-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13B for a moderate-addition marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding intermediate-addition myopia correcting lenses with the respective myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 7A to 7C for a moderate-addition marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 24C] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective intermediate-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13B for a moderate-addition marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding intermediate-addition myopia correcting lenses with the respective myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 7A to 7C for a moderate-addition marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 24D] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) a moderately added hyperopic correcting lens having different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 13E for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding moderately added hyperopic correcting lenses for the respective hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 7D to 7F for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 24E] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) a moderately added hyperopic correcting lens having different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 13E for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding moderately added hyperopic correcting lenses for the respective hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 7D to 7F for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 24F] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) a moderately added hyperopic correcting lens having different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 13E for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding moderately added hyperopic correcting lenses for the respective hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 7D to 7F for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 25A] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular visual performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-added myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked-added refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-added myopia corrective lenses for the respective myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 8A to 8C for a marked-added refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 25B] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular visual performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-added myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked-added refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-added myopia corrective lenses for the respective myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 8A to 8C for a marked-added refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 25C] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular visual performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-added myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 13C for a marked-added refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-added myopia corrective lenses for the respective myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 8A to 8C for a marked-added refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 25D] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-addition marked refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with the respective hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 8D to 8F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 25E] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-addition marked refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with the respective hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 8D to 8F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 25F] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-addition marked refractive power profiles in Figure 13F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with the respective hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) shown in Figures 8D to 8F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 26]This is an exemplary lens application guide 2600, which can be used to apply multifocal contact lenses from the multifocal contact lens system shown in Figure 11 to a patient, and is represented by the myopia and hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figures 13A to 13F, based on the patient's refractive error correction prescription and required additional refractive power. [Figure 27] This presents another exemplary multifocal contact lens system that includes myopia-correcting lenses and hyperopia-correcting lenses, each possessing an effective additional refractive power, and is based on the design principle of the multifocal contact lens system shown in Figure 11, but in which the myopia-correcting lens and / or hyperopia-correcting lens have at least one of the following characteristics: refractive error correction-dependent SPHA, refractive error correction-dependent central additional optical area diameter, and the effective additional refractive power of the hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens is reduced relative to a given marked additional refractive power compared to the effective additional refractive power of the myopia-correcting multifocal lens of the same lens system, thereby improving distance visual acuity with the hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens. [Figure 28A] Figure 11 shows exemplary low-addition myopia correction power profiles, medium-addition myopia correction power profiles, and high-addition myopia correction power profiles for each of several low-addition myopia correction lenses, medium-addition myopia correction lenses, and high-addition myopia correction lenses designed according to the design principles of myopia correction lenses. [Figure 28B] Figure 11 shows exemplary low-addition myopia correction power profiles, medium-addition myopia correction power profiles, and high-addition myopia correction power profiles for each of several low-addition myopia correction lenses, medium-addition myopia correction lenses, and high-addition myopia correction lenses designed according to the design principles of myopia correction lenses. [Figure 28C] Figure 11 shows exemplary low-addition myopia correction power profiles, medium-addition myopia correction power profiles, and high-addition myopia correction power profiles for each of several low-addition myopia correction lenses, medium-addition myopia correction lenses, and high-addition myopia correction lenses designed according to the design principles of myopia correction lenses. [Figure 28D]Figure 11 shows exemplary low-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, medium-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, and high-addition hyperopia correction power profiles for multiple low-addition hyperopia correction lenses, medium-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, and high-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, respectively, designed according to the design principle of hyperopia correction lenses. However, such a design principle also depends on specific hyperopia refractive error correction, and each hyperopia refractive power profile illustrates a hyperopia refractive power profile for multiple hyperopia refractive error corrections and an effective additional refractive power different from the respective refractive power profiles in Figures 28A to 28C. [Figure 28E] Figure 11 shows exemplary low-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, medium-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, and high-addition hyperopia correction power profiles for multiple low-addition hyperopia correction lenses, medium-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, and high-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, respectively, designed according to the design principle of hyperopia correction lenses. However, such a design principle also depends on specific hyperopia refractive error correction, and each hyperopia refractive power profile illustrates a hyperopia refractive power profile for multiple hyperopia refractive error corrections and an effective additional refractive power different from the respective refractive power profiles in Figures 28A to 28C. [Figure 28F] Figure 11 shows exemplary low-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, medium-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, and high-addition hyperopia correction power profiles for multiple low-addition hyperopia correction lenses, medium-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, and high-addition hyperopia correction power profiles, respectively, designed according to the design principle of hyperopia correction lenses. However, such a design principle also depends on specific hyperopia refractive error correction, and each hyperopia refractive power profile illustrates a hyperopia refractive power profile for multiple hyperopia refractive error corrections and an effective additional refractive power different from the respective refractive power profiles in Figures 28A to 28C. [Figure 29A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 29B]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 29C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 29D] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 29E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 29F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 30A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 30B]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 30C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 30D] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 30E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 30F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.0D. [Figure 31A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 31B]This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 31C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 31D] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting low-addition multifocal contact lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective medium-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 31E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting low-addition multifocal contact lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective medium-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 31F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting low-addition multifocal contact lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective medium-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.25D. [Figure 32A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added myopic corrective lenses with different myopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28B for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 32B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added myopic corrective lenses with different myopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28B for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 32C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added myopic corrective lenses with different myopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28B for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 32D] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added hyperopic corrective lenses with different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28E for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 32E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added hyperopic corrective lenses with different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28E for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 32F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added hyperopic corrective lenses with different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28E for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.5D. [Figure 33A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added myopic corrective lenses with different myopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28B for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 33B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added myopic corrective lenses with different myopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28B for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 33C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added myopic corrective lenses with different myopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added myopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28B for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 33D] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added hyperopic corrective lenses with different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28E for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 33E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added hyperopic corrective lenses with different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28E for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 33F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for moderately added hyperopic corrective lenses with different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28E for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 34A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C, for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 34B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C, for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 34C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C, for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 34D] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 34E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 34F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.0D. [Figure 35A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 35B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 35C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 35D] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition hyperopia corrective lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 35E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition hyperopia corrective lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 35F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition hyperopia corrective lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.25D. [Figure 36A] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 36B] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 36C] This is an exemplary plot of monocular performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 36D] This is an exemplary plot of monocular visual performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting high-addition multifocal contact lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 36E] This is an exemplary plot of monocular visual performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting high-addition multifocal contact lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 36F] This is an exemplary plot of monocular visual performance, shown as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) for hyperopia-correcting high-addition multifocal contact lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers), represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 37A]This is an exemplary graph plotted together with the low-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, medium-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, and high-addition refractive power profile of each multifocal contact lens system in Figure 27, which depends on refractive error correction, including the low-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, medium-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, and high-addition refractive power profile of each multifocal contact lens system in Figure 11, which are constant across hyperopia refractive error correction and therefore independent of either hyperopia refractive error correction or refractive error correction. [Figure 37B] This is an exemplary graph plotted together with the low-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, medium-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, and high-addition refractive power profile of each multifocal contact lens system in Figure 27, which depends on refractive error correction, including the low-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, medium-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, and high-addition refractive power profile of each multifocal contact lens system in Figure 11, which are constant across hyperopia refractive error correction and therefore independent of either hyperopia refractive error correction or refractive error correction. [Figure 37C] This is an exemplary graph plotted together with the low-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, medium-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, and high-addition refractive power profile of each multifocal contact lens system in Figure 27, which depends on refractive error correction, including the low-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, medium-addition refractive power hyperopia profile, and high-addition refractive power profile of each multifocal contact lens system in Figure 11, which are constant across hyperopia refractive error correction and therefore independent of either hyperopia refractive error correction or refractive error correction. [Figure 38A] Figures 5A-5C, 13A-13F, and 28A-28F are bar graphs representing the respective refractive power profiles of different multifocal contact lens systems in Figures 4, 11, and 27, each containing the monocular effective additional refractive power of different low-addition refractive power lenses, medium-addition refractive power lenses, and high-addition refractive power lenses at different luminance levels. [Figure 38B] Figures 5A-5C, 13A-13F, and 28A-28F are bar graphs representing the respective refractive power profiles of different multifocal contact lens systems in Figures 4, 11, and 27, each containing the monocular effective additional refractive power of different low-addition refractive power lenses, medium-addition refractive power lenses, and high-addition refractive power lenses at different luminance levels. [Figure 38C] Figures 5A-5C, 13A-13F, and 28A-28F are bar graphs representing the respective refractive power profiles of different multifocal contact lens systems in Figures 4, 11, and 27, each containing the monocular effective additional refractive power of different low-addition refractive power lenses, medium-addition refractive power lenses, and high-addition refractive power lenses at different luminance levels. [Figure 38D] Figures 5A-5C, 13A-13F, and 28A-28F are bar graphs representing the respective refractive power profiles of different multifocal contact lens systems in Figures 4, 11, and 27, each containing the monocular effective additional refractive power of different low-addition refractive power lenses, medium-addition refractive power lenses, and high-addition refractive power lenses at different luminance levels. [Figure 39A] These are bar graphs representing the respective refractive power profiles in Figures 5A-5C, 13A-13F, and 28A-28F, each containing the monocular DOF of different low-power, medium-power, and high-power lenses at different luminance levels for different multifocal contact lens systems shown in Figures 4, 11, and 27. [Figure 39B] These are bar graphs representing the respective refractive power profiles in Figures 5A-5C, 13A-13F, and 28A-28F, each containing the monocular DOF of different low-power, medium-power, and high-power lenses at different luminance levels for different multifocal contact lens systems shown in Figures 4, 11, and 27. [Figure 39C]These are bar graphs representing the respective refractive power profiles in Figures 5A-5C, 13A-13F, and 28A-28F, each containing the monocular DOF of different low-power, medium-power, and high-power lenses at different luminance levels for different multifocal contact lens systems shown in Figures 4, 11, and 27. [Figure 39D] These are bar graphs representing the respective refractive power profiles in Figures 5A-5C, 13A-13F, and 28A-28F, each containing the monocular DOF of different low-power, medium-power, and high-power lenses at different luminance levels for different multifocal contact lens systems shown in Figures 4, 11, and 27. [Figure 40A] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75 D, and (2) the corresponding low-addition myopia correcting lenses with the respective myopia refractive error corrections in Figures 6A to 6C for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75 D. [Figure 40B] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75 D, and (2) the corresponding low-addition myopia correcting lenses with the respective myopia refractive error corrections in Figures 6A to 6C for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75 D. [Figure 40C]This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75 D, and (2) the corresponding low-addition myopia correcting lenses with the respective myopia refractive error corrections in Figures 6A to 6C for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75 D. [Figure 40D] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, and (2) the corresponding low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with hyperopia refractive error corrections in Figures 6D to 6F for a low-addition marked refractive power of +D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 40E] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, and (2) the corresponding low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with hyperopia refractive error corrections in Figures 6D to 6F for a low-addition marked refractive power of +D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 40F] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, and (2) the corresponding low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses with hyperopia refractive error corrections in Figures 6D to 6F for a low-addition marked refractive power of +D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. [Figure 41A]This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) moderate myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective moderate myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28B for a moderate marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding moderate myopia correcting lenses with myopia refractive error corrections in Figures 7A to 7C for a moderate marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 41B] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) moderate myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective moderate myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28B for a moderate marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding moderate myopia correcting lenses with myopia refractive error corrections in Figures 7A to 7C for a moderate marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 41C] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) moderate myopia correcting lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective moderate myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28B for a moderate marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding moderate myopia correcting lenses with myopia refractive error corrections in Figures 7A to 7C for a moderate marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 41D] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular visual performance as a function of luminance (in diopters) and convergence eye movement between (1) moderately added hyperopic correcting lenses with different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28E for a marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding hyperopic correcting lenses with the respective hyperopic refractive error corrections in Figures 7D to 7F for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 41E]This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular visual performance as a function of luminance (in diopters) and convergence eye movement between (1) moderately added hyperopic correcting lenses with different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28E for a marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding hyperopic correcting lenses with the respective hyperopic refractive error corrections in Figures 7D to 7F for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 41F] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular visual performance as a function of luminance (in diopters) and convergence eye movement between (1) moderately added hyperopic correcting lenses with different hyperopic refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective moderately added hyperopic refractive power profiles in Figure 28E for a marked refractive power of +1.75D, and (2) the corresponding hyperopic correcting lenses with the respective hyperopic refractive error corrections in Figures 7D to 7F for a moderately added marked refractive power of +1.75D. [Figure 42A] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular visual performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C for a marked refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-addition myopia corrective lenses with myopia refractive error corrections in Figures 8A to 8C for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 42B] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular visual performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C for a marked refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-addition myopia corrective lenses with myopia refractive error corrections in Figures 8A to 8C for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 42C]This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular visual performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) high-addition myopia corrective lenses with different myopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28C for a marked refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-addition myopia corrective lenses with myopia refractive error corrections in Figures 8A to 8C for a marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 42D] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) high-addition hyperopia corrective lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a marked refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-addition hyperopia corrective lenses for the respective hyperopia refractive error corrections in Figures 8D to 8F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 42E] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) high-addition hyperopia corrective lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a marked refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-addition hyperopia corrective lenses for the respective hyperopia refractive error corrections in Figures 8D to 8F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Figure 42F] This is an exemplary plot of the difference in monocular performance as a function of luminance and convergence eye movement (in diopters) between (1) high-addition hyperopia corrective lenses with different hyperopia refractive error corrections (i.e., marked refractive powers) represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles in Figure 28F for a marked refractive power of +2.5D, and (2) the corresponding high-addition hyperopia corrective lenses for the respective hyperopia refractive error corrections in Figures 8D to 8F for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0020] Embodiments disclosed herein include presbyopia-correcting multifocal contact lens systems having designs that depend on correction of refractive errors for hyperopia / myopia. Related multifocal contact lens systems and methods of application to patients are also disclosed. Contact lens designs differ by the effective degree of correction / or DOF between myopic and hyperopic refractive errors, and these refractive-dependent differences are caused by differences in the ocular optics and visual touch of myopic and hyperopic individuals. Multifocal contact lenses are part of a multifocal contact lens system ("Lens System") which includes multiple refractive error correction-dependent multifocal contact lenses that can be selected based on their refractive errors and adapted to the wearer, who is a patient. For example, if the patient is myopic, multifocal contact lenses may be selected from the available lenses in the Lens System for the patient's right eye (OD) and left eye (OS) based on the patient's myopic refractive error. Similarly, if the patient is hyperopic, multifocal contact lenses may be selected from the available lenses in the Lens System for the patient's OD and OS based on the patient's hyperopic refractive error. Multifocal contact lenses may also include a central additional optical region and a peripheral transition optical region that provide additional refractive power to deliver an effective additional refractive power for correcting refractive errors in order to correct presbyopia.

[0021] In certain exemplary embodiments, hyperopia-correcting lenses within a lens system are designed to have a more negative SPHA compared to the spherical aberration (SPHA) of myopia-correcting lenses within the same lens system. For example, hyperopia-correcting lenses within a lens system may be designed to have an SPHA that is 10-20% more negative than the SPHA of myopia-correcting lenses within the same lens system. In this way, the SPHA in multifocal contact lenses within a lens system better matches the target residual SPHA of myopic and hyperopic individuals, depending on the myopia / hyperopia correction. This is in recognition of the finding that hyperopic individuals generally have more positive SPHA than myopic individuals. This can result in impaired distance vision in hyperopic individuals fitted with hyperopia-correcting lenses in the same lens system compared to myopic individuals fitted with myopia-correcting lenses in the same lens system. It has also been found that hyperopic individuals fitted with corrective lenses generally feel that their distance vision is impaired because they have a naturally higher expectation of better distance vision than myopic individuals. This is typically because myopic individuals have already experienced a decline in distance vision due to their natural refractive error over some period of their lives and across several consecutive refractive error correction prescriptions. Myopic individuals may not have the same expectations of corrected distance vision with multifocal contact lenses as hyperopic individuals.

[0022] In other exemplary embodiments, a hyperopia-correcting lens in a lens system may be designed to have a near-central additional optical region with a smaller, optimized diameter compared to a myopia-correcting multifocal lens in the same lens system. This refractive error-correction-dependently optimized diameter of the near-central additional optical region in the hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens increases the proportion of light received by the hyperopic pupil through the transition optical region when focused on a distant object. This recognizes the finding that, generally, for the same or similar conditions of luminance, spherical refraction, age, and convergence eye movement, the hyperopic image has a smaller pupil than the myopic image. For example, if both the myopia-correcting and hyperopia-correcting lenses in a lens system are designed with a central optical region modeled to the average pupil size of a myopic person for presbyopia correction, this can provide a more compromised distance visual acuity for a hyperopic person compared to a myopic person wearing a center-near-central multifocal contact lens from the same lens system with the same or similar additional refractive power.

[0023] In other exemplary embodiments, to improve the distance visual acuity of hyperopia, the effective additional refractive power in a hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens within a multifocal contact lens system may be reduced compared to the effective additional refractive power in a myopia-correcting multifocal lens within the same lens system, for a given marked additional refractive power prescription. This is based on the general recognition that myopia and hyperopia differ in the distribution of the additional refractive power required. A higher percentage of hyperopia compared to myopia of the same or similar age are fitted with high additional refractive power lenses. Therefore, hyperopia with higher additional refractive power may experience more impaired distance visual acuity compared to myopia. Furthermore, as mentioned above, hyperopia may already have a natural feeling that distance visual acuity is impaired when applying presbyopia-correcting lenses, because better distance visual acuity is expected than with myopia. It may also be desirable to improve distance visual acuity by reducing only the effective additional refractive power within a specific effective additional refractive power range of the hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens, utilizing the binocular disparity between the patient's dominant and non-dominant eyes. For example, in non-limiting embodiments, the effective additional refractive power may be reduced by 0.3D for medium-intensity labeled additional refractive power (e.g., required additional refractive power of +1.5 to +1.75D) and by 0.2D for high-intensity labeled additional refractive power (e.g., required additional refractive power of +2.0D to +2.5D). The effective additional refractive power in a hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens within a lens system can be provided by adjusting its paraxial refractive power and aspheric constant.

[0024] It should be noted that presbyopia-correcting multifocal contact lens systems may include some or all of the characteristics and features described above.

[0025] Examples of presbyopia-correcting multifocal contact lens systems having hyperopia-correcting and myopia-correcting lenses with designs that depend on hyperopia / myopia refractive error correction are described below, beginning with Figure 11. Before describing these examples, exemplary presbyopia-correcting multifocal contact lens systems, including hyperopia-correcting and myopia-correcting multifocal contact lenses that do not have designs that depend on hyperopia / myopia refractive error correction, are described below with reference to Figures 4 to 10B.

[0026] In this regard, Figure 4 shows an exemplary multifocal contact lens system 400, including a myopia-correcting multifocal lens 402M (also referred to as "myopic-correcting lenses 402M") and a hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens 402H (also referred to as "hyperopic-correcting lenses 402H"), each lens having an effective additional refractive power specified by a given marked additional refractive power for presbyopia correction. In this embodiment, the myopia-correcting lens 402M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H are multifocal contact lenses. Although only one (1) myopia-correcting lens 402M and one (1) hyperopia-correcting lens 402H are shown in Figure 4, the multifocal contact lens system 400 includes multiple myopia-correcting lenses 402M, each myopia-correcting lens having a different myopia refractive error correction indicated by a different myopia refractive error correction prescription (e.g., -1D, -2D, -3D..., -9D) and a different marked refractive power, and multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 402H having different hyperopia refractive error correction prescriptions (e.g., +1D, +2D, +3D..., +9D) and a different marked refractive power. In this way, one or more myopia-correcting lenses 402M and / or one or more hyperopia-correcting lenses 402H can be selected for the patient's OD and OS based on the refractive error of the patient's eye and can provide refractive error correction for corrected visual acuity with multifocal and presbyopia correction.

[0027] The myopia-correcting lens 402M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H provide multifocality with corrected presbyopia for near vision. In this regard, as shown in Figure 4, the myopia-correcting lens 402M has a myopia refractive power profile provided by a first additional optical region 404M and first transition optical regions 406M(1) to 406M(3) surrounding the first additional optical region 404M. The first additional optical region 404M is in this embodiment a near-central optical region, positioned around a first optical axis A1, and has a first additional region refractive power profile as part of the myopia refractive power profile of the myopia-correcting lens 402M, having a myopia paraxial refractive power selected to substantially correct the myopia refractive error of the wearer's far vision (e.g., 0D or 0.25D) according to the wearer's refractive error correction prescription, and a first additional refractive power for correcting presbyopia. The first additional optical region 404M has a diameter D of the first additional region. C1 The first additional optical region 404M has a first additional optical region 406M(1) to 406M(3) which is sized based on the expected pupillary constriction resulting from pupillary constriction when the wearer focuses on a near object (e.g., at 2.5D) to enhance presbyopia correction. In this way, when the wearer focuses on a near object, a greater proportion of light enters the wearer's pupil from the first additional optical region 404M having a first additional refractive power. The first additional optical region 404M may be spherical or may have some target spherical aberration that depends on the myopic paraxial refractive power within the first additional optical region 404M. In this embodiment, there are three (3) first transition optical regions 406M(1) to 406M(3). The first transition optical regions 406M(1) to 406M(3) surround the first additional optical region 404M around the first optical axis A1, and each contains its own myopic progressive refractive power profile as part of the overall myopic refractive power profile of the myopia correction lens 402M. The myopic refractive power profile consists of a first additional region refractive power profile, and the myopic progressive refractive power profile includes a first spherical aberration (SPHA) to provide correction for myopic refractive errors.

[0028] Continuing to refer to Figure 4, the first transition optical regions 406M(1) to 406M(3) within the myopia-correcting lens 402M are located at different radii R outside the first additional optical region 404M with respect to the first optical axis A1 of the myopia-correcting lens 402M. M1 This provides refractive correction of light rays ("light") passing through the myopia-correcting lens 402M. For example, each of the first transition optical regions 406M(1) to 406M(3) may have a progressive refractive power profile that provides the wearer with overall multifocality as a function of the distance of the object in focus. In this embodiment, the refractive power profiles of the first transition optical regions 406M(1) and 406M(2) provide a continuous change in refractive power in each of their transitions to the respective first transition optical regions 406M(2) and 406M(3). The transitions between adjacent first transition optical regions 406M(1) to 406M(3), shown in Figure 4, are shown as separate optical regions for illustrative purposes only, but in this embodiment, the change in refractive power in each of these transitions is continuous or substantially continuous. Therefore, the myopia-correcting lens 402M may have a single transition optical region surrounding the first additional optical region 404M and having a continuous aspherical refractive power profile. However, it should be noted that the transition shown in Figure 4 between any adjacent first transition optical regions 406M(1) to 406M(3) may also be discontinuous. However, it should be noted that the change in power in the transition shown in Figure 4 between any adjacent first transition optical regions 406M(1) to 406M(3) may also be discontinuous. The myopia-correcting lens 402M has a total optical region diameter D M1 It holds.

[0029] As also shown in Figure 4, the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H has a hyperopia refractive power profile provided by a second additional optical region 404H and second transition optical regions 406H(1) to 406H(3) surrounding the second additional optical region 404H. The second additional optical region 404H is also a near-central optical region positioned around the second optical axis A2 and has a second additional region refractive power profile as part of the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H, having a hyperopia paraxial refractive power selected to substantially correct the hyperopia refractive error for the wearer's distance visual acuity (e.g., 0 or 0.25D) according to the wearer's refractive error correction prescription, and a second additional refractive power for correcting presbyopia. The second additional optical region 404H also has a first additional region diameter D which is similar in size to the first additional optical region 404M of the myopia-correcting lens 402M. C1 This is based on the expected pupillary constriction resulting from pupillary constriction when the wearer is focusing on a near object (e.g., 2.5D) to enhance presbyopia correction. In this way, when the wearer is focusing on a near object, a greater proportion of light enters the wearer's pupil from the second additional optical region 404H having a second additional refractive power. The second additional optical region 404H may be spherical or may have some target spherical aberration that depends on the hyperopic paraxial refractive power within the second additional optical region 404H. In this embodiment, there are three (3) second transition optical regions 406H(1) to 406H(3). The second transition optical regions 406H(1) to 406H(3) surround the second additional optical region 404H around the second optical axis A2, and each contains its respective hyperopic progressive refractive power profile as part of the overall hyperopic refractive power profile of the hyperopia correcting lens 402H. The hyperopic refractive power profile consists of a second additional region refractive power profile, and the hyperopic progressive refractive power profile includes a second SPHA to provide correction for hyperopic refractive errors.

[0030] Continuing to refer to FIG. 4, the second transitional optical regions 406H(1) to 406H(3) within the hyperopia correction lens 402H that provide refractive correction for the light rays (referred to as "light") passing through the hyperopia correction lens 402H have different radii R outside the second additional optical region 404H with respect to the second optical axis A2 of the hyperopia correction lens 402H H1 That is. For example, each of the second transitional optical regions 406H(1) to 406H(3) may have a progressive refractive power profile that provides overall multifocality to the wearer as a function of the distance of the focused object. The transitions shown in FIG. 4 between adjacent second transitional optical regions 406H(1) to 406H(3) are shown as separate optical regions for illustrative purposes only, but in this embodiment, the change in refractive power at each of these respective transitions is continuous or substantially continuous. Thus, the hyperopia correction lens 402H may have a single transitional optical region that surrounds the second additional optical region 404H and has a continuous aspherical refractive power profile degree. However, it should be noted that the transitions shown in FIG. 4 between any adjacent second transitional optical regions 406H(1) to 406H(3) can also be discontinuous. However, it should be noted that the change in degree at the transitions shown in FIG. 4 between any adjacent second transitional optical regions 406H(1) to 406H(3) can also be discontinuous. The hyperopia correction lens 402H has an overall optical region diameter D H1 That is.

[0031] Figures 5A to 5C are exemplary graphs 500A, 500B, and 500C, respectively, which include multiple myopia refractive power profiles 502M-A, 502M-B, 502M-C and hyperopia refractive power profiles 502H-A, 502H-B, 502H-C for multiple myopia correcting lenses 402M (for refractive error correction prescriptions of -9D, -6D, and -3D) and multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 402H (for refractive error correction prescriptions of +2D, +4D, and +6D), as shown in Figure 4. Graphs 500A, 500B, and 500C plot the difference between the lens power and the prescription Rx as diopters (D), as a function of the radial position from the first optical axis A1 and the second optical axis A2, respectively, for the myopia correcting lens 402M and hyperopia correcting lens 402H shown in Figure 4. Graph 500A in Figure 5A includes multiple myopia power profiles 502M-A and hyperopia power profiles 502H-A for different refractive error correction prescriptions of myopia correcting lens 402M and multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 402H for a marked refractive power of +0.75D, which can be considered low added refractive power for patients with lower or earlier accommodative loss. Graph 500B in Figure 5B includes multiple myopia power profiles 502M-B and hyperopia power profiles 502H-B for different refractive error correction prescriptions of myopia correcting lens 402M and multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 402H for a marked refractive power of +1.25D, which can be considered intermediate or moderate added refractive power for patients with higher accommodative loss. Graph 500C in Figure 5C includes multiple myopia refractive power profiles 502M-C and hyperopia refractive power profiles 502H-C for different refractive error correction prescriptions of myopia correcting lens 402M and multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 402H for a marked refractive power of +1.75D.

[0032] The myopia refractive power profiles 502M-A, 502M-B, 502M-C and the hyperopia refractive power profiles 502H-A, 502H-B, 502H-C of the myopia correcting lens 402M and the hyperopia correcting lens 402H shown in Figures 5A to 5C represent the paraxial refractive power, the radius R of the first additional refractive power region 404M, and the second additional refractive power region 404H. M1 , R H1, the effective additional refractive power provided by the first additional refractive power region 404M and the second additional refractive power region 404H (i.e., the magnitudes of the first and second additional refractive powers), and the radius R of the first and second additional refractive power regions 404M and 404H. M1 , R H1 Regarding this, it changes. However, in each additional refractive power group shown in the myopia refractive power profiles 502M-A, 502M-B, 502M-C and hyperopia refractive power profiles 502H-A, 502H-B, 502H-C in Figures 5A-5C, the paraxial refractive power, the effective additional refractive power provided by the first additional optical region 404M and the second additional optical region 404H (i.e., the magnitudes of the first and second additional refractive powers), and the radius R of the first and second additional optical regions 404M and 404H M1 , R H1 This remains relatively constant across myopia and hyperopia refractive error correction prescriptions. In other words, for a given effective additional refractive power shown in different groups of additional refractive powers for each myopia refractive power profile 502M-A, 502M-B, 502M-C and hyperopia refractive power profile 502H-A, 502H-B, 502H-C in Figures 5A to 5C, the paraxial refractive power, effective additional refractive power, and radius R of the first additional optical region 404M and the second additional optical region 404H are relatively constant. M1 , R H1 This is approximately the same for both nearsightedness and farsightedness refractive error correction prescriptions.

[0033] Figures 6A to 8F show the luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m)) of different myopia and hyperopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) for the myopia-correcting lens 402M and hyperopia-correcting lens 402H of Figure 4, represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles 502M-A, 502M-B, 502M-C and hyperopia refractive power profiles 502H-A, 502H-B, 502H-C of Figures 5A to 5C. 2 ) cd / m 2Exemplary monocular performance is shown, expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters). By plotting the monocular performance of myopia-correcting lens 402M and hyperopia-correcting lens 402H in Figures 6A to 8F, it becomes possible to examine all 400 multifocal contact lens systems.

[0034] In this regard, Figures 6A to 6C show luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m)). 2 ) cd / m 2 Exemplary plots of monocular performance 600A, 600B, and 600C, shown as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of (units), and the convergence eye movement (in diopters) of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) for the myopia correcting lens 402M in Figure 4 are represented by the respective low added myopia refractive power profiles 502M-A in Figure 5A for a marked added refractive power of +0.75D. Figures 6D-6F show luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m)). 2 ) cd / m 2 Exemplary plots of monocular performance 600D, 600E, and 600F, expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of units, are shown in Figure 4, and the convergence eye movements (in diopters) of the hyperopia correcting lens 402H for hyperopia refractive error correction prescription (Rx) are represented by the respective low added hyperopia refractive power profiles 502H-A in Figure 5A for an added added refractive power of +0.75D.

[0035] Figures 7A-7C show the luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m)) of different myopia correction lens 402M in Figure 4, represented by the respective intermediate added myopia refractive power profiles 502M-B in Figure 5B for a marked added refractive power of +0.75D. 2 ) cd / m 2 Exemplary plots of monocular visual performance, expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m)), are shown in Figures 700A, 700B, and 700C. Figures 7D to 7F show luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m)). 2 ) cd / m 2Exemplary plots of monocular visual performance, expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of units, are shown for 700D, 700E, and 700F, and the convergence eye movements (in diopters) of the hyperopia correcting lens 402H for hyperopia refractive error correction prescription (Rx) are represented by the respective mid-added hyperopia refractive power profiles 502H-B in Figure 5B for an added refractive power of +1.75D.

[0036] Figures 8A-8C plot the luminance (cd / m²) as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different myopia correction lens 402M prescriptions (Rx) for Figure 4, represented by the respective high added myopia refractive power profiles 502M-C in Figure 5C for a marked added refractive power of +2.5D. 2 Exemplary plots of monocular performance, shown as MAR (as -10logMAR), are 800A, 800B, and 800C. Figures 8D to 8F show the luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m)) of the hyperopia correcting lens 402H of Figure 4, represented by the respective high added hyperopia refractive power profiles 502H-C of Figure 5C for a marked added refractive power of +2.5D. 2 ) cd / m 2 Exemplary plots of monocular visual performance 800D, 800E, and 800F are shown as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of diopter units and convergence eye movement (in diopters).

[0037] Figure 4 shows monocular performance plots 600A-600F, 700A-700F, and 800A-800F of the multifocal contact lens system 400 for myopia-correcting lens 402M and hyperopia-correcting lens 402H. It should be noted that there is a difference in monocular performance between myopia-correcting lens 402M and hyperopia-correcting lens 402H. For example, as shown in monocular performance plots 600A-600C in Figures 6A-6C for myopia-correcting lens 402M with refractive error correction prescriptions of -9D, -6D, and -3D, which have an additional refractive power of +0.75D, there is almost no difference in monocular performance. As shown in Figures 6A to 6C, for each of the -9D, -6D, and -3D(Rx) refractive error correction prescriptions of the myopia correction lens 402M, the distance visual acuity, intermediate visual acuity, and near visual acuity are 80 cd / m² until the focal length approaches approximately 2.5D or more in near visual acuity. 2 High visual acuity exceeding -0.025 is achieved at brightness levels exceeding this. The same is essentially true for the monocular performance of the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H with refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of +2D, +4D, and +6D(Rx), which have a lower marked additional refractive power of +0.75D. As shown in Figures 6D to 6F, visual acuity above 0 (-10logMAR) for 20 / 20 visual acuity is achieved for each of the +2D, +4D, and +6D(Rx) refractive error correction prescriptions for the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H with a marked additional refractive power of +0.75D, with distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity of 80 cd / m² until the focal length approaches approximately 2.5D or more for near visual acuity. 2 This can be achieved even at brightness levels exceeding [a certain threshold].

[0038] However, as shown in the monocular performance plots 700A-700C and 700D-700F in Figures 7A-7C and 7D-7F for the myopia-correcting lens 402M and hyperopia-correcting lens 402H, respectively, with an added refractive power of +1.75D, the long-distance monocular performance is substantially reduced in an undesirable manner. For example, as shown in the plots 700A-700C in Figures 7A-7C for the myopia-correcting lens 402M with an added refractive power of +1.75D, visual acuity above 0 (-10logMAR) for 20 / 20 visual acuity is only achieved at a distance of approximately 1.5D-1.9D, at 80 cd / m². 2 This is achieved at a brightness level of 80 cd / m². Furthermore, for example, as shown in plots 700D to 700F in Figures 7D to 7F for the hyperopia correcting lens 402H with an additional refractive power of +1.75D, visual acuity greater than 0 (-10 logMAR) for 20 / 20 visual acuity is achieved only at a distance of approximately 1.5D to 1.8D, and only at 80 cd / m². 2 This is achieved at this brightness level.

[0039] Furthermore, as shown in the monocular performance plots 800A-800C and 800D-800F in Figures 8A-8C and 8D-8F respectively for the myopia-correcting lens 402M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H with an added refractive power of +2.5D, the near and far monocular performance is substantially reduced in an undesirable manner. For example, as shown in the plots 800A-800C in Figures 8A-8C respectively for the myopia-correcting lens 402M with an added refractive power of +2.5D, visual acuity greater than 0 (-10logMAR) for 20 / 20 visual acuity is 80 cd / m². 2 At this brightness level, it is only achieved between distances of approximately 0.5D and 1.4D. Furthermore, for example, as shown in plots 800D to 800F in Figures 8D to 8F for the hyperopia correcting lens 402H with an additional refractive power of +2.5D, visual acuity above 0 (-10logMAR) for 20 / 20 visual acuity is only achieved between distances of approximately 1.5D and 1.8D, at 80 cd / m². 2 This is achieved at this brightness level.

[0040] It has been found that hyperopic individuals wearing corrective lenses may feel their distance vision is impaired because they have a naturally higher expectation of better distance vision than myopic individuals. This is typically because myopic individuals have already experienced a decline in distance vision due to their natural refractive error over a period of their lives and across several consecutive refractive error correction prescriptions. A myopic individual wearing the myopia-correcting lens 402M in Figure 4 may not have the same expectations of corrected distance vision with multifocal contact lenses as a hyperopic individual wearing the hyperopia-correcting lenses 402M and 402H in Figure 4.

[0041] Furthermore, it has been found that hyperopic individuals generally have a more positive SPHA than myopic individuals. SPHA changes with spherical refraction, age (and therefore required additional refractive power), and convergence eye movements. This is shown in graphs 900A and 900B in Figures 9A and 9B, respectively, where Figures 9A and 9B show the average ocular SPHA (D(mm²) per square millimeter) for myopic and hyperopic individuals. 2 )(D / mm 2 The formula is shown as a function of refractive error correction prescription (Rx) and required additional refractive power, where the required additional refractive power increases with age. For example, for myopic individuals, as shown in Graph 900A of Figure 9A, the average myopic subject requiring a refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of -3.25D and an additional refractive power of +1.75D is 0.077D / mm². 2 The expected ocular SPHA is present. However, for hyperopia, as shown in Graph 900B of Figure 9B, the average hyperopic patient requiring a refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of +2.0D and an additional refractive power of +2.25D is 0.089 D / mm². 2 It has the expected ocular SPHA.

[0042] Therefore, the myopia refractive power profile and hyperopia refractive power profile of the myopia-correcting lens 402M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H are -0.080 D / mm 2 If designed to have SPHA, this is 0.077D / mm 2For myopic patients with a predicted ocular SPHA of -3.25D, a refractive error correction prescription (Rx), and a required additional refractive power of +1.75D, -0.003D / mm 2 This will provide residual SPHA (i.e., 0.077D / mm²). 2 -0.080D / mm 2 However, this is for hyperopic patients requiring a +2D refractive error correction prescription (Rx) and an additional +2.25D refractive power, with a refractive error of 0.009D / mm². 2 A higher residual SPHA, i.e., 0.089 D / mm 2 ~0.080D / mm 2 ) would provide. Therefore, the hyperopia correcting lens 402H results in more residual SPHA in the average hyperopic person than in the average myopic person, resulting in impaired distance visual acuity for the hyperopic person. Thus, it was found that the design of the multifocal contact lens system 400 having the myopia correcting lens 402M and the hyperopia correcting lens 402H of the multifocal contact lens system 400, using a target SPHA based on myopia, results in a decrease in distance visual acuity in the hyperopic person wearing the hyperopia correcting lens 402H of the multifocal contact lens system 400 compared to the myopic person wearing the myopia correcting lens 402M of the same multifocal contact lens system 400.

[0043] Furthermore, it has been found that hyperopic individuals generally have smaller pupils than myopic individuals under the same or similar conditions of brightness, spherical refraction, age, and convergence eye movement. Therefore, for example, both the myopia-correcting lens 402M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 in Figure 4 have a first additional area diameter D modeled to the average pupil size of a myopic person for presbyopia correction. C1When both the first additional optical region 404M and the second additional optical region 404H are designed, this can provide a more compromised distance visual acuity for hyperopic individuals compared to myopic individuals wearing myopia-correcting lenses 402M and hyperopia-correcting lenses 402H within the same multifocal contact lens system 400 with the same or similar additional refractive power. This is shown in graphs 1000A and 1000B in Figures 10A and 10B, respectively, showing the average entrance pupil diameter in millimeters (mm) for myopic and hyperopic individuals as a function of refractive error correction prescription (Rx) and required additional refractive power. For example, for myopic individuals, as shown in graph 1000A in Figure 10A, 120 cd / m 2 With a refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of -3.25D and an additional refractive power requirement of +1.75D, accompanied by brightness and 2D convergence eye movement, the average myopic subject has an expected entrance pupil diameter of 2.428 mm. However, for hyperopia, as shown in Graph 1000B of Figure 10B, 120 cd / m² 2 With a refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of +2.0D and an additional refractive power requirement of +2.25D, accompanied by brightness and 2D convergence eye movement, the average hyperopic patient has an expected entrance pupil diameter of 2.251 mm.

[0044] Therefore, the diameter D of the first additional region of the second additional optical region 404H of the hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 in Figure 4 is C1 However, when designed for the average pupil size of myopic individuals for presbyopia correction, this can provide more compromised distance vision for hyperopic individuals wearing hyperopic corrective lens 402H compared to myopic individuals wearing myopic corrective lens 402M from the same multifocal contact lens system 400. This is due to the larger first additional area diameter D of the second additional optical area 404H in hyperopic corrective lens 402H. C1However, when wearing either the myopia-correcting lens 402M or the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H in the same multifocal contact lens system 400, the pupils of hyperopic individuals intersect with a larger proportion of the pupils of myopic individuals compared to those of myopic individuals when focusing on distant objects. Therefore, the pupils of hyperopic individuals, which are smaller on average than those of myopic individuals, may receive a lower proportion of light from the second transition optical regions 406H(1) to 406H(3) of the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H, which provides multifocality, compared to myopic individuals wearing the myopia-correcting lens 402M from the same multifocal contact lens system 400.

[0045] Therefore, it is desirable to provide a multifocal contact lens system that includes myopia-correcting and hyperopia-correcting lenses with several different refractive error correction prescriptions for vision correction, but this design provides the freedom to change the SPHA for hyperopia-correcting lenses and / or add optical area diameter to provide improved distance vision for hyperopic individuals.

[0046] In this regard, Figure 11 shows an exemplary multifocal contact lens system 1100, which includes a myopia-correcting multifocal lens 1102M (referred herein to as "myopic-correcting lenses 1102M") and a hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens 1102H (referred herein to as "hyperopic-correcting lenses 1102H"). In this embodiment, the myopia-correcting lens 1102M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H are multifocal contact lenses. The myopia-correcting lens 1102M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H also each have an effective additional refractive power specified by a given marked additional refractive power for the correction of presbyopia. Although only one myopia-correcting lens 1102M and one hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H are shown in Figure 11, the multifocal contact lens system 1100 includes multiple myopia-correcting lenses 1102M, each myopia-correcting lens having a different myopia refractive error correction indicated by a different myopia refractive error correction prescription (e.g., -1D, -2D, -3D, ..., -9D) and a different marked refractive power, and the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 1102H having a different hyperopia refractive error correction prescription (e.g., +1D, +2D, +3D, ..., +9D) and a different marked refractive power.

[0047] As will be described in more detail below, in one embodiment, in order to improve the distance vision of a hyperopic person wearing a hyperopic correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100, the hyperopic correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 is designed to have a more negative SPHA compared to the SPHA in the myopia correcting lens 1102M in the same multifocal contact lens system 1100. For example, the hyperopic correcting lens 1102H of the multifocal contact lens system 1100 may be designed to have an SPHA that is 10-20% more negative than the SPHA of the myopia correcting lens 1102M of the same multifocal contact lens system 1100. In this way, the SPHA in the myopia correcting lens 1102M and the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 is better suited to the target residual SPHA of myopic and hyperopic individuals, depending on the myopia / hyperopia correction.

[0048] As will be described in more detail below, in another embodiment, in order to improve the distance visual acuity of a hyperopic person wearing the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100, the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 is designed to have a central additional optical region having a smaller optimized diameter compared to the myopia correcting lens 1102M in the multifocal contact lens system 1100. This is based on the finding that hyperopic people generally have smaller pupils than myopic people for the same or similar conditions of brightness, spherical refraction, age, and convergence eye movement. This smaller optimized diameter of the central additional optical region in the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H provides an increased proportion of light to be received through its transition optical region in the hyperopic pupil when focused on a distant object. This is compared to an alternative hyperopia-correcting lens, such as the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H in Figure 4, which has a central additional optical area diameter size optimized for myopia within the myopia-correcting lens 402M in the multifocal contact lens system 400. In the multifocal contact lens system 400, the proportion of light received by the pupil of a hyperopic person through the transition optical area of ​​the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H, which is focused on objects at longer distances, is reduced compared to the pupil of a myopic person through the worn myopia-correcting lens 402M, resulting in greater impairment of the far-distance visual acuity of the hyperopic person.

[0049] In this way, one or more myopia-correcting lenses 1102M and / or one or more hyperopia-correcting lenses 1102H may be selected from the multifocal contact lens system 1100 based on the refractive error of the eye to provide refractive error correction for corrected visual acuity and improved distance visual acuity for hyperopia with multifocal and presbyopia correction.

[0050] Referring to Figure 11, the myopia-correcting lens 1102M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H provide multifocality with corrected presbyopia for near vision. In this regard, as shown in Figure 11, the myopia-correcting lens 1102M has a myopia refractive power profile provided by a first additional optical region 1104M and first transition optical regions 1106M(1) to 1106M(3) surrounding the first additional optical region 1104M. The myopia-correcting lens 1102M may also have a final distance optical region 1106M(F) surrounding the first transition optical region 1106M(3), which has refractive correction power for far vision. In a non-limiting embodiment, the myopia-correcting lens 1102M may have the same design as the myopia-correcting lens 402M in Figure 4. The first additional optical region 1104M is positioned around the first optical axis A1 and has a first additional region refractive power profile as part of the myopia corrective lens 1102M, and the myopia corrective lens 210M has a myopia paraxial refractive power selected to substantially correct the wearer's distance visual acuity (e.g., 0.25D) according to the wearer's refractive error correction prescription, and a first additional refractive power to correct presbyopia. The first additional optical region 1104M has a first additional region diameter D C1The first additional optical region 1104M has a first additional optical region 1104M, which is sized based on the expected pupillary constriction resulting from pupillary constriction when the wearer focuses on a near object (e.g., 2.5D) to enhance presbyopia correction. In this way, when the wearer focuses on a near object, more light enters the wearer's pupil from the first additional optical region 1104M having a first additional refractive power. The first additional optical region 1104M may be spherical or may have some target spherical aberration that depends on the myopic paraxial refractive power within the first additional optical region 1104M. In this embodiment, there are three (3) first transition optical regions 1106M(1) to 1106M(3). The first transition optical regions 1106M(1) to 1106M(3) surround the first additional optical region 1104M around the first optical axis A1, each containing its own myopia progressive power profile as part of the overall myopia refractive power profile of the myopia correcting lens 1102M. The myopia refractive power profile consists of the first additional region refractive power profile, and the myopia progressive power profile contains a first spherical aberration (SPHA) to provide correction for myopia refractive error correction.

[0051] The first transition optical regions 1106M(1) to 1106M(3) within the myopia-correcting lens 1102M are located outside the first additional optical region 1104M with respect to the first optical axis A1 of the myopia-correcting lens 1102M, at different radii R. M2This provides refractive correction of light rays ("light") passing through the myopia-correcting lens 1102M. For example, each of the first transition optical regions 1106M(1) to 1106M(3) may have a progressive refractive power profile that provides the wearer with overall multifocality as a function of the distance of the object in focus. In this embodiment, the refractive power profiles of the first transition optical regions 1106M(1) and 1106M(2) provide a discontinuous or differentially discontinuous change in refractive power at each transition to each of the first transition optical regions 1106M(2) and 1106M(3). The transitions between adjacent first transition optical regions 1106M(1) to 1106M(3), shown in Figure 11, are shown as separate optical regions for illustrative purposes only, but in this embodiment, the change in refractive power at each of these transitions is continuous or substantially continuous. Therefore, the myopia-correcting lens 1102M may have a single transition optical region surrounding the first additional optical region 1104M and having a continuous aspherical refractive power profile. However, it should be noted that the transition shown in Figure 11 between any adjacent first transition optical regions 1106M(1) to 1106M(3) may also be discontinuous. However, it should be noted that the change in power in the transition shown in Figure 11 between any adjacent first transition optical regions 1106M(1) to 1106M(3) may also be discontinuous. The myopia-correcting lens 1102M has a total optical region diameter D M1 It holds.

[0052] As shown in Figure 11, the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H has a hyperopia refractive power profile provided by a second additional optical region 1104H and second transition optical regions 1106H(1) to 1106H(3) surrounding the second additional optical region 1104H. The hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H may also have a third, final distance optical region 1106H(F) surrounding the second transition optical region 1106H(3), which has refractive correction power for distance visual acuity. The second additional optical region 1104H is positioned around the second optical axis A2 and has a second additional region refractive power profile as part of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H, having a hyperopia paraxial refractive power selected to substantially correct the hyperopia refractive error for the wearer's distance visual acuity (e.g., at 0.25D) according to the wearer's refractive error correction prescription, and a second additional refractive power for correcting presbyopia. In this embodiment, the second additional optical region 1104H has the first additional region diameter D of the first additional optical region 1104M of the myopia correcting lens 1102M. C1 A second additional region diameter D of a smaller size than C2 This is based on the expected reduced pupil size of a hyperopic wearer when the wearer's pupil constricts to miosis when focusing on a near-range object (e.g., 2.5D), in contrast to a myopic wearer wearing the myopia-correcting lens 1102M.

[0053] The second additional optical region 1104H may be spherical or may have some target spherical aberration that depends on the hyperopic paraxial refractive power within the second additional optical region 1104H. In this embodiment, there are three (3) second transition optical regions 1106H(1) to 1106H(3). The second transition optical regions 1106H(1) to 1106H(3) surround the second additional optical region 1104H around the second optical axis A2, but each includes its respective hyperopic progressive refractive power profile as part of the overall hyperopic refractive power profile of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H. The hyperopic refractive power profile consists of the second additional region refractive power profile, and the hyperopic progressive refractive power profile includes a second spherical aberration (SPHA) that provides correction for hyperopic refractive error correction.

[0054] Continuing to refer to Figure 11, the second transition optical regions 1106H(1) to 1106H(3) within the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H, which provide refractive correction for light rays ("light") passing through the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H, are located outside the central second additional optical region 1104M with respect to the second optical axis A2 of the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H, at different radii R. H2 For example, each of the second transition optical regions 1106H(1) to 1106H(3) may have a progressive refractive power profile that provides the wearer with overall multifocality as a function of the distance of the object in focus. The transitions shown in Figure 11 between adjacent second transition optical regions 1106H(1) to 1106H(3) are shown as separate optical regions for illustrative purposes only, but in this embodiment, the change in refractive power in each of these transitions is continuous or substantially continuous. Thus, the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H may have a single transition optical region surrounding the second additional optical region 1104H, having a continuous aspherical refractive power profile. However, it should be noted that the transitions shown in Figure 11 between any adjacent second transition optical regions 1106H(1) to 1106H(3) may also be discontinuous. However, it should be noted that the change in power in the transition shown in Figure 11 between any adjacent second transition optical regions 1106H(1) to 1106H(3) may also be discontinuous. The hyperopia correcting lens 1102H has a total optical region diameter D H1 It holds.

[0055] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 11 and described in more detail below, the myopic refractive power profile of each myopia-correcting lens 1102M in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 has a first SPHA 1112M that is larger than the second SPHA 1112H in each hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100. In other words, the first SPHA 1112M is the same in each myopia-correcting lens 1102M in the multifocal contact lens system 1100, while the second SPHA 1112H is the same in each hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100, but smaller than the first SPHA 1112M. The first SPHA 1112M in the myopia-correcting lens 1102M has a radius R with respect to the first optical axis A1. M2 The spherical aberration in the myopia refractive power profile of the myopia correcting lens 1102M as a function of R. The second SPHA in the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H is their radius R relative to the second optical axis A2. H2 This is spherical aberration in the hyperopic refractive power profile of the hyperopic correcting lens 1102H as a function of . By reducing the second SPHA 1112H in the hyperopic correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 compared to the first SPHA 1112M in the myopic correcting lens 1102M in the multifocal contact lens system 1100, the distance visual acuity of hyperopic individuals wearing the hyperopic correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 can be further improved. For example, the second SPHA 1112H may be at least 10 percent (10%) smaller than the first SPHA 1112M, based on the finding that, on average, for similar spherical refraction, age, convergence of eye movements, and required additional refractive power, the hyperopic image has a smaller SPHA than the myopic image. In another embodiment, the second SPHA 1112H of the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 may be 10 percent to 20 percent smaller than the first SPHA 1112M of the myopia-correcting lens 1102M in the multifocal contact lens system 1100.

[0056] In another embodiment, each first SPHA 1112M of a plurality of myopia-correcting lenses 1102M targets the average first eye SPHA of a population of myopic individuals, as shown in graph 900A of Figure 9A. Each second SPHA 1112H of a plurality of hyperopia-correcting lenses 1102H may also target the average second eye SPHA of a population of hyperopic individuals, as shown in graph 900B of Figure 9B.

[0057] In another embodiment, the second SPHA 1112H in the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 1102H within the multifocal contact lens system 1100 may be fabricated to have the same target residual SPHA as that provided by the first SPHA 1112M in the myopia-correcting lens 1102M within the multifocal contact lens system 1100. For example, as previously described with respect to Figure 9A, for an average myopic subject with a myopia refractive error correction prescription of -3.25D and a label-adding refractive power requirement of +1.75D, the expected value of the distance SPHA may be 0.077D / mm2. The myopia-correcting lens 1102M within the multifocal contact lens system 1100 may have a value of -0.080D / mm 2 It may have a myopic refractive power profile that provides the first SPHA 1112M, resulting in = -0.003D / mm 2 A residual ocular SPHA of 0.077 D / mm² is obtained (i.e., 0.077 D / mm²). 2 -0.080D / mm 2 As shown in Figure 9B, for an average hyperopic subject with a hyperopic refractive error correction prescription of +2.00D and the required marked refractive power of +2.25D, the expected value of distance SPHA is 0.089D / mm 2 Therefore, in order to match the target residual SPHA of the hyperopic group wearing the hyperopic correcting lens 1102H to that of the myopic group wearing the myopic correcting lens 1102M in the multifocal contact lens system 1100, the design of the hyperopic correcting lens 1102H in this embodiment is such that their second SPHA 1102H is -0.092D / mm 2 It is changed to, i.e., -0.089D / mm 2 ~0.003D / mm 2 =-0.092D / mm2 ) and provides the same target residual SPHA to the hyperopic group.

[0058] In another embodiment, the first SPHA 1112M in each of the myopia-correcting lenses 1102M is the same in the multifocal contact lens system 1100, but the first SPHA 1112M has a radius R of the myopia-correcting lens 1102M. M2 It is a function of . For example, each first SPHA 1112M of myopia correction lens 1102M is -0.064D / mm 2 ~-0.096D / mm 2 This is possible. The second SPHA 1112H in each of the hyperopia correcting lenses 1102H is the same in the multifocal contact lens system 1100, but the second SPHA 1112H has a radius R of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H. H2 It is also a function of. For example, each second SPHA 1112H of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H is -0.073D / mm 2 ~-0.111D / mm 2 It is possible.

[0059] As described above, the second additional optical region 1104H of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H is also the first additional region diameter D of the first additional optical region 1104M of the myopia correcting lens 1102M. C1 A second additional region diameter D of a smaller size than C2 This is based on the expected reduced pupil size of a hyperopic wearer when the pupil constricts to miosis when the wearer is focusing on a near object (e.g., 2.5D). In this way, when the hyperopic wearer is focusing on a far object, more light passes from the second transition optical region 1106H(1) to 1106H(3) into the hyperopic wearer's pupil, providing improved distance visual acuity.

[0060] This is shown in Figure 12, where the myopia-correcting lens 1102M and hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H from the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11 are shown worn by myopic and hyperopic individuals, respectively, under the same brightness, spherical refraction, age, convergence eye movement, and required additional refractive power, as an example of focusing on near objects for near vision. As shown in Figure 12, the diameter D of the pupil 1010M of the myopic person. MP This refers to the diameter D of the pupil 1010H of a hyperopic person when wearing myopia-correcting lens 1102M and hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H, respectively, under the same or similar conditions of brightness, spherical refraction, age, convergence of eye movements, and additional refractive power. HP It is larger than this. This is because, on average, the pupil of a hyperopic person constricts to a smaller diameter size than that of a myopic person under similar conditions. Therefore, as shown in Figures 11 and 12 and described in more detail below, the second additional optical area 1104H of the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H is based on the expected reduced pupil size of a hyperopic wearer when the pupil constricts to miosis when the wearer is focusing on a near object (e.g., 2.5D), and the first additional optical area diameter D of the first additional optical area 1104M of the myopia-correcting lens 1102M. C1 A second additional optical region diameter D, smaller in size than C2 It holds.

[0061] For example, regarding graph 1000A in Figure 10A, as mentioned above, it is 120 cd / m². 2Using the brightness of 2 and 2D vergence eye movements, for an average myopic subject with a myopic refractive error correction prescription of -3.25D and a labeled added refractive power requirement of +1.75D, the expected value of the entrance pupil diameter can be 2.428 mm. The myopic correction lens 1102M may have a first added optical region 1104M and first transition optical regions 1106M(1) - 1106M(3) defined by radial control positions of [0, 0.7831, 1.0569, 1.4895] for the medium added power labeled refractive power myopic correction lens 1102M and [0, 0.6389, 0.9426, 1.4337] for the high added power labeled refractive power myopic correction lens 1102M. As described above in the graph 1000B of FIG. 11, an average hyperopic subject with a hyperopic refractive error correction prescription of +2.00D and a labeled added refractive power requirement of +2.25D has, again, a brightness of 120 cd / m 2 and 2D vergence eye movements, and the expected value of the entrance pupil diameter may be 2.251 mm. Thus, in one embodiment, to match the target relative added region size of the myopic group, the design of the hyperopic correction lens 1102H within the multifocal contact lens system 1100 is such that the radial control points are reduced by a factor of 2.251 / 2.428 = 0.927, and the second added region diameter D of the first added optical region 1104M within the myopic correction lens 1102M C2 is changed to be approximately 7% smaller than the second added region diameter D of the second added optical region 1104H. As another example, the second added region diameter D of the second added optical region 1104H of the hyperopic correction lens 1102H C2 can be made at least 5 percent (5%) smaller (e.g., 7 percent (7%) smaller) than the first added region diameter D of the myopic correction lens 1102M C2 and the first added region diameter D of the myopic correction lens 1102M C1 can be made at least 5 percent (5%) smaller (e.g., 7 percent (7%) smaller) than the first added region diameter D of the myopic correction lens 1102M.

[0062] Thus, in this embodiment, the first added region diameter D of the myopic correction lens 1102M C1 and the second added region diameter D of the hyperopic correction lens 1102H C2 can be based on the target average pupil diameter of the respective myopic and hyperopic populations. This can be determined, for example, from the graphs 1000A, 1000B of FIGS. 10A and 10B described above.

[0063] Furthermore, it has been found that myopia and hyperopia generally differ in the distribution of the required additional refractive power. A higher proportion of hyperopia is suited to high additional refractive power lenses compared to myopia of the same or similar age. Therefore, hyperopia with higher additional refractive power may experience more impaired distance visual acuity compared to myopia. Also, as mentioned above, hyperopia may already have a natural feeling that distance visual acuity is impaired when presbyopia corrective lenses are applied, because better distance visual acuity is expected than with myopia. Therefore, in exemplary embodiments, in order to improve the distance visual acuity of hyperopia, the effective additional refractive power in the hyperopia corrective lens 1102H within the multifocal contact lens system 1100 may also be reduced compared to the effective additional refractive power in the myopia corrective lens 1102M within the same multifocal contact lens system 1100 with respect to a given marked additional refractive power. Furthermore, it may be desirable to improve distance visual acuity by utilizing binocular disparity between the patient's dominant and non-dominant eyes, by reducing only the effective additional refractive power within a specific effective additional refractive power range of the hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens 1102H. For example, the effective additional refractive power may be reduced in part or all of the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H relative to a given additional refractive power, compared to the additional refractive power of the myopia-correcting lens 1102M. The effective additional refractive power of the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H of the multifocal contact lens system 1100 can be provided by adjusting the paraxial refractive power and aspheric constant in each hyperopia refractive power profile.

[0064] The depth of field (DOF) of one or more hyperopia-correcting lenses 1102H for a given marked refractive power can vary by +0.05D to -0.25D compared to the DOF of one or more myopia-correcting lenses 1102M for the same given marked refractive power.

[0065] Figures 13A to 13C are exemplary graphs 1300A, 1300B, and 1300C, each containing the low-addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-A, the medium-addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-B, and the high-addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-C, respectively, for the myopia correcting lens 1102M (refractive error correction prescriptions -6D, -5D, -4D, -3D, -2D, -1D) shown in Figure 11. Graphs 1300A, 1300B, and 1300C plot the negative lens power prescription Rx as a function of the radial position from the first optical axis A1 of the myopia correcting lens 1102M shown in Figure 11, plotted in diopters (D). Graph 1300A in Figure 13A shows the low-addition myopia correction lens 1102M-A for different refractive error correction prescriptions with a low-addition marked refractive power of 0.75D. This can be considered a low-addition refractive power for patients with lower or earlier accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the low-addition marked refractive power can range from +0.5D to +1.49D. Graph 1300B in Figure 13B shows the medium-addition myopia correction lens 1102M-B for different refractive error correction prescriptions with a medium-addition marked refractive power of +1.75D. This can be considered a medium-addition refractive power or medium-addition refractive power for patients with higher accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the medium-addition marked refractive power can range from +1.5D to +1.99D. Graph 1300C in Figure 13C shows the high-addition myopia correcting lens 1102M-C for different refractive error correction prescriptions for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. This can be considered the high-addition refractive power for patients with the highest accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the high-addition marked refractive power can range from +2.0D to +2.5D.

[0066] Figures 13A-13C show the low-addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-A, the medium-addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-B, and the high-addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-C of the myopia correcting lens 1102M, respectively, with respect to the paraxial refractive power and the radius R of the first added optical region 1104M. M1, the effective additional refractive power provided by the first additional optical region 1104M (i.e., the magnitude of the first additional refractive power), and the radius R of the first additional optical region 1104M M1 Regarding this, it changes. However, in the low-addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-A, the medium-addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-B, and the high-addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-C shown in Figures 13A-13C, in each of the low-addition-marked-addition-addition-group, medium-addition-marked-addition-addition-group, and high-addition-marked-addition-addition-group, the paraxial refractive power, the effective-addition M1 This remains relatively constant across myopia refractive error correction prescriptions. In other words, for a given effective addition shown in the different groups of marked additions for the low addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-A, the medium addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-B, and the high addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-C in Figures 13A to 13C, the paraxial refractive power, effective addition, and radius R of the first addition optical region 1104M are... M1 This is approximately the same for each of the myopia refractive error correction prescriptions.

[0067] Figures 13D to 13F are exemplary graphs 1300D, 1300E, and 1300F, each containing the low-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 1302H-D, the medium-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 1302H-E, and the high-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 1302H-F for each of the multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 1102H (refractive error correction prescriptions +1D, +2D, +3D, +4D, +5D, +6D) from Figure 11. Graphs 1300D, 1300E, and 1300F plot the difference between the lens power and the prescription Rx as a function of the radial position from the second optical axis A2 of each hyperopia correcting lens 1102H from Figure 11, plotted in diopters (D). Graph 1300D in Figure 13D shows the low added-power hyperopia refractive power profile 1302H-D for different refractive error correction prescriptions of the low added-power hyperopia correcting lens 1102H for a low added-power marked refractive power of 0.75D. This can be considered a low added-power refractive power for patients with lower or earlier accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the low added-power marked refractive power can range from +0.5D to +1.49D. Graph 1300E in Figure 13E shows the medium added-power hyperopia correcting lens 1102H-E for different refractive error correction prescriptions for a medium added-power marked refractive power of +1.75D. This can be considered a medium added-power refractive power or medium added-power refractive power for patients with higher accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the marked power of the medium added-power can range from +1.5D to +1.99D. Graph 1300F in Figure 13F shows the high-addition hyperopia corrective lens 1102H-F for different refractive error correction prescriptions for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. This can be considered the high-addition refractive power for patients with the highest accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the high-addition marked refractive power can range from +2.0D to +2.5D.

[0068] Figures 13D to 13F show the low-power hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H with added hyperopia-correcting power profile 1302H-D, the medium-power hyperopia-correcting power profile 1302H-E, and the high-power hyperopia-correcting power profile 1302H-F, respectively, with respect to the paraxial refractive power and the radius R of the second added optical region 1104H.H2 The effective additional refractive power provided by the second additional optical region 1104H (i.e., the magnitude of the second additional refractive power), and the radius R of the second additional optical region 1104H H2 vary with respect to the radius R of the second additional optical region 1104H. However, in each of the low additional hyperopic refractive power profiles 1302H-D, medium additional hyperopic refractive power profiles 1302H-E, and high additional hyperopic refractive power profiles 1302H-F shown in FIGS. 13D to 13F, the paraxial refractive power, effective additional refractive power (i.e., the magnitude of the second additional refractive power), and the radius R of the second additional optical region 1104H provided by the second additional optical region 1104H H2 are relatively constant across the hyperopic refractive error correction prescriptions. In other words, for a given effective additional refractive power shown in the different labeled additional refractive power groups for each of the low additional hyperopic refractive power profiles 1302H-D, medium additional hyperopic refractive power profiles 1302H-E, and high additional hyperopic refractive power profiles 1302H-F in FIGS. 13D to 13F, the paraxial refractive power, effective additional refractive power, and radius R of the second additional optical region 1104H H2 are approximately the same for each of the myopic refractive error correction prescriptions.

[0069] As described above, the effective additional refractive power (e.g., paraxial refractive power) of the hyperopic correction lens 1102H is reduced compared to the effective labeled refractive power (e.g., paraxial refractive power) of the myopic correction lens 1102M, which can further improve the distance vision of hyperopic patients wearing the hyperopic correction lens 1102H. This is shown, for example, by comparing the low additional myopic refractive power profile 1302M-A and the low additional hyperopic refractive power profile 1302H-D in FIGS. 13A and 13D for each of the low additional labeled additional refractive power myopic correction lens 1102M and hyperopic correction lens 1102H. This is also shown in Tables 1400A to 1400D of FIGS. 14A to 14D, which are described and shown in more detail below. As shown, 9 cd / mm 2 36 cd / mm 2 120 cd / mm 2 and 400 cd / mm 2Figure 11 shows the exemplary monocular effective additional refractive power (in diopters) of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100, compared to the hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 in Figure 4, for various luminance values.

[0070] For example, the low-addition marked refractive power of one or more low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses 1102H, as shown by the low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-D in Figure 13D, may be reduced between 0D and +0.15D compared to the low-addition marked refractive power of one or more low-addition myopia correcting lenses 1102M, as shown by their low-addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-A in Figure 13A. This can also be shown, for example, by comparing the medium-addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-B and medium-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-E in Figures 13B and 13E for the respective medium-addition marked myopia correcting lenses 1102M and hyperopia correcting lenses 1102H. For example, the added refractive power of one or more added-power hyperopia correcting lenses 1102H, shown by the added-power profiles 1302H-E in Figure 13E, can be reduced by between +0.20D and +0.50D compared to the added refractive power of one or more added-power myopia correcting lenses 1102M, shown by the added-power profiles 1302M-B in Figure 13B. This can also be shown, for example, by comparing the high added-power myopia correcting profiles 1302M-C and the high added-power hyperopia correcting profiles 1302H-F in Figures 13C and 13F for each of the high added-power myopia correcting lenses 1102M and hyperopia correcting lenses 1102H. For example, the high-addition marked refractive power of one or more high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses 1102H, as shown by the high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-F in Figure 13F, can be reduced by +0.15D to -0.15D compared to the high-addition marked refractive power of one or more high-addition myopia correcting lenses 1102M, as shown by the high-addition marked refractive power profiles 1302M-C in Figure 13C.

[0071] For example, in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 shown in Figure 11, the effective intermediate addition power (e.g., at least +1.5D (e.g., +1.5D to +1.75D required)) in the intermediate addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H shown in Figure 13E, can be reduced by at least +0.2D compared to the corresponding intermediate addition myopia correcting lens 1102M represented by the intermediate addition myopia correcting lens 1302M-B shown in Figure 13B. Furthermore, the effective high additional refractive power (e.g., required additional refractive power of +2.0D to +2.5D) of the moderate additional hyperopia refractive power profile 1302H-E of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H shown in Figure 13F can be reduced by at least +0.2D (e.g., an additional refractive power of +0.3D) compared to the corresponding high additional myopia correcting lens 1102M represented by the high additional myopia refractive power profile 1302M-C in Figure 13C.

[0072] Furthermore, in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11, the low addition degree DOF of one or more low addition hyperopia correcting lenses 1102H, indicated by the low addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-D of Figure 13D, may vary between +0.10D and -0.10D with respect to one or more low addition myopia correcting lenses 1102M, indicated by the low addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-A of Figure 13A. In another embodiment, the medium addition degree DOF of one or more medium addition hyperopia correcting lenses 1102H, indicated by the medium addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-E of Figure 13E, may vary between +0.05D and -0.25D with respect to one or more medium addition myopia correcting lenses 1102M, indicated by the medium addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-B of Figure 13B. In another embodiment, the degree of high-addition DOF of one or more high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses 1102H, as shown by the high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-F in Figure 13F, can vary between +0.15D and -0.15D for one or more high-addition myopia correcting lenses 1102M, as shown by the high-addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-C in Figure 13C.

[0073] As in another embodiment, as shown in the low-addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-A in Figure 13A, the first additional optical region 1104M of the low-addition myopia correcting lens 1102M has an additional optical region radius (diameter D) of 0 mm to 0.23 mm. C1 It may have half of the above. The first transition optical region 1106M(1) of the low-addition myopia correction lens 1102M may have a radius with respect to the first optical axis A1 between 0.23 mm and 0.43 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 1104M is +0.002 D to +0.003 D. The first transition optical region 1106M(2) of the low-addition myopia correction lens 1102M may have a radius with respect to the first optical axis A1 between 0.44 mm and 0.67 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 1104M is +0.002 D to +0.003 D. The first transition optical region 1106M(2) of the low-addition myopia correction lens 1102M may have a radius of 0.67 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 1104M is +0.0005 D to +0.001 D. The low-addition myopia correction lens 1102M may have an extrapolated paraxial refractive power of +0.336 D to +0.537 D in the final distance optical region relative to the required paraxial refractive power.

[0074] As in another embodiment, as shown in the intermediate added myopia refractive power profile 1302M-B in Figure 13B, the first added optical region 1104M of the intermediate added myopia correcting lens 1102M may have an added optical region radius (half of the diameter DC1) of 0 mm to 0.78 mm. The first transition optical region 1106M(1) of the intermediate added myopia correcting lens 1102M may have a radius of 0.78 mm to 1.06 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first added refractive power of the first added optical region 1104M is +0.343D to +0.425D. The first transition optical region 1106M(2) of the intermediate myopia correction lens 1102M may have a radius of 1.06 mm to 1.49 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 1104M is +0.262 D to +0.344 D. The first transition optical region 1106M(3) of the intermediate myopia correction lens 1102M may have a radius of 1.49 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 1104M is +0.060 D to +0.142 D. The intermediate myopia correction lens 1102M may have an extrapolated paraxial refractive power of the final distance optical region of +0.559 D to +0.760 D with respect to the required paraxial refractive power of refraction.

[0075] As in another embodiment, as shown in the high-addition myopia refractive power profile 1302M-C in Figure 13C, the first additional optical region 1104M of the high-addition myopia correcting lens 1102M has an additional optical region radius (diameter D) of 0 mm to 0.64 mm. C1It may have (half of). The first transition optical region 1106M(1) of the high-addition myopia correction lens 1102M may have a radius with respect to the first optical axis A1 between 0.64 mm and 0.94 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 1104M is +0.845 D to +1.045 D. The first transition optical region 1106M(2) of the high-addition myopia correction lens 1102M may have a radius of 0.94 mm to 1.43 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 1104M is +0.646 D to +0.846 D. The first transition optical region 1106M(2) of the high-addition myopia correction lens 1102M may have a radius of 1.43 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 1104M is +0.149 D to +0.349 D. The high-addition myopia correction lens 1102M may have an extrapolated paraxial refractive power of +0.628 D to +0.828 D in the final distance-vision optical region with respect to the required refractive paraxial refractive power.

[0076] As another example, as shown in the low-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 1302H-D of FIG. 13D, the second additional optical region 1104H of the low-addition myopia correction lens 1102H has an additional optical region radius of 0 mm to 0.23 mm (diameter D C2It may have half of the above. The second transition optical region 1106M(1) of the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 between 0.23 mm and 0.43 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 1104H is +0.002 D to +0.003 D. The second transition optical region 1106H(2) of the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 between 0.44 mm and 0.67 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 1104M is +0.0005 D to +0.001 D. The second transition optical region 1106H(2) of the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H may have a radius of 0.67 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the second optical axis A2, and the second additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 1104H is +0.0005 D to +0.001 D. The low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H may have an extrapolated paraxial refractive power of the final distance optical region of +0.336 D to +0.537 D relative to the required paraxial refractive power of refraction.

[0077] As another embodiment, as shown in the intermediate added hyperopia refractive power profile 1302H-E in Figure 13E, the second added optical region 1104H of the intermediate added myopia correcting lens 1102H has an added optical region radius (diameter D) of 0 mm to 0.73 mm. C2It may have (half of). The second transition optical region 1106M(1) of the intermediate addition hypermetropia correcting lens 1102H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 between 0.73 mm and 0.98 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 1104H is +0.343 D to +0.425 D. The second transition optical region 1106H(2) of the intermediate addition hypermetropia correcting lens 1102H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 of 0.98 mm to 1.38 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 1104M is +0.262 D to +0.344 D. The second transition optical region 1106H(2) of the intermediate addition hypermetropia correcting lens 1102H may have a radius of 1.38 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the second optical axis A2, and the second additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 1104H is +0.060 D to +0.142 D. The intermediate addition hypermetropia correcting lens 1102H may have an extrapolated paraxial refractive power in the final distance optical region of +0.259 D to +0.142 D with respect to the paraxial refractive power of the required refraction.

[0078] As another example, as shown in the high addition hypermetropic refractive power profile 1302H-F of FIG. 13F, the second additional optical region 1104H of the high addition myopia correcting lens 1102H has an additional optical region radius of 0 mm to 0.59 mm (diameter D C2It may have half of the above. The second transition optical region 1106H(1) of the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 between 0.59 mm and 0.87 mm, and the second additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 1104H is +0.845 D to +1.045 D. The second transition optical region 1106H(2) of the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 between 0.87 mm and 1.33 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 1104M is +0.646 D to +0.846 D. The second transition optical region 1106H(2) of the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H may have a radius of 1.33 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the second optical axis A2, and the second additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 1104H is +0.149 D to +0.349 D. The high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H may have an extrapolated paraxial refractive power of the final distance optical region of +0.428 D to +0.629 D relative to the required paraxial refractive power of refraction.

[0079] Figures 14A to 14D show 9 cd / mm². 2 , 36 cd / mm 2 , 120 cd / mm 2 , and 400 cd / mm 2 Tables 1400A to 1400D show the exemplary monocular effective additional refractive power (in diopters) of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100, compared with the hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400, as shown in Figure 4. The monocular effective additional refractive power of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H and the hyperopia correcting lens 402H is the marked additional refractive power +2.0D. Tables 1400A to 1440D show the monocular effective added power of the low-addition, medium-addition, and high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses 1102H, represented by the hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-D, 1302H-E, and 1302H-F in Figures 13D to 13F, compared to the monocular effective added refractive power of the hyperopia correcting lens 402H represented by the hyperopia refractive power profiles 502H-A, 502H-B, and 502H-C in Figures 13D to 13F, for each respective luminance.

[0080] As shown in Tables 1400A to 1400D in Figures 14A to 14D, considering the binocular parallax benefits provided by the myopia-correcting lens 1102M and hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11, it is desirable to improve distance visual acuity. As mentioned above, in order to improve distance visual acuity with the moderate- and high-power hyperopia-correcting lenses 1102H, the effective additional refractive power of the moderate-power hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H is reduced compared to the effective additional refractive power of the high-power hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H. Therefore, in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11, the effective additional refractive power of the moderate-power ADD hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H is reduced by 0.3D (by adjusting the lens design paraxial refractive power). The effective additional power of the high-power hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H is reduced by 0.2D. In the multifocal contact lens system 1100 shown in Figure 11, the moderately added hyperopia correcting lens 1102H generally provides better near vision in dim light and better distance vision in bright conditions. In patients with high added refractive power, wearing the moderately added refractive power hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the dominant eye and the high added refractive power hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the non-dominant eye generally provides better distance (dim light) performance and better near vision performance. Note that in this embodiment, the intraocular parallax between the moderately added hyperopia correcting lens 1102H and the high added hyperopia correcting lens 1102H remains within the range of 0.4D to 0.6D, and this amount is considered acceptable without causing substantial compromise in binocular addition.

[0081] Figures 15A to 22F show exemplary monocular performance, expressed as luminance cd / m / m2 units and MAR (as -10logMAR), plotted as a function of convergence eye movement for different myopia and hyperopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) for the myopia-correcting lens 1102M and hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H of Figure 11. In this embodiment, these myopia-correcting lens 1102M and hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H are represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-A, 1302M-B, 1302M-C, and hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-D, 1302H-E, 1302H-F in the respective Figures 13A to 13F described above. By plotting the monocular vision performance of the myopia-correcting lens 1102M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H in Figures 15A to 22F, it becomes possible to analyze the entire multifocal contact lens system 400. As shown in Figures 15A to 22F, various displays for hyperopic individuals wearing the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H are compared with the monocular vision performance shown in Figures 15A to 15C, 16A to 16C, 17A to 17C, 18A to 18C, 19A to 19C, 20A to 20C, 21A to 21C, and 22A to 22C for myopic individuals wearing the myopia-correcting lens 1102M. When compared with the monocular vision performance shown in Figures 15D-15F, 16D-16F, 17D-17F, 18D-18F, 19D-19F, 20D-20F, 21D-21F, and 22D-22F for additional refractive power, the monocular vision performance of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 shows a significant improvement in distance visual acuity.

[0082] In this regard, Figures 15A to 15C plot the luminance (cd / m²) as a function of convergence eye movement for different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition myopia correcting lens 1102M in Figure 11, represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-A in Figure 13A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D. 2 Exemplary plots of monocular performance (in units of luminance, candela (cd) per square meter (m)) are shown in 1500A, 1500B, and 1500C. Figures 15D to 15F show luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m)).2 ) cd / m 2 Exemplary plots of monocular performance 1500D, 1500E, and 1500F, expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of units, are shown in Figure 11, and the convergence eye movements (in diopters) of the hyperopia refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H are represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-D in Figure 13D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D.

[0083] Figures 16A-16C plot the convergence of eye movements (in diopters) of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition myopia correcting lens 1102M in Figure 11 as a function of convergence eye movements (in diopters) (cd / m²), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-A in Figure 13A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.0D (cd / m²). 2 Exemplary plots 1600A, 1600B, and 1600C show monocular performance expressed as luminance (in cd) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 16D to 16F show exemplary plots 1600D, 1600E, and 1600F show monocular performance expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units) and convergence eye movement (in diopters units) for the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the low-addition hyperopic correcting lens 1102H of Figure 11, represented by the respective low-addition hyperopic refractive power profiles 1302H-D of Figure 13D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.0D.

[0084] Figures 17A-17C show the luminance (cd / m²) plotted as a function of convergence eye movement for different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition myopia correcting lens 1102M in Figure 11, represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-A in Figure 13A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.25D. 2 Exemplary plots of monocular performance (in units of luminance, candela (cd) per square meter (m)) are shown in 1700A, 1700B, and 1700C. Figures 17D to 17F show luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m)). 2 ) cd / m2 Exemplary plots of monocular performance 1700D, 1700E, and 1700F, expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of units, are shown in Figure 11, and the convergence eye movements (in diopters) of the hyperopia refractive error correction prescription (Rx) for the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H are represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-D in Figure 13D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.25D.

[0085] Figures 18A-18C plot the convergence of eye movements (in diopters) of different myopia correction error correction prescriptions (Rx) for the intermediate added myopia correction lens 1102M in Figure 11 as a function of convergence eye movements (in diopters) (cd / m²), represented by the respective intermediate added myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-B in Figure 13B for a moderate added power of +1.5D (cd / m²). 2 Exemplary plots 1800A, 1800B, and 1800C show monocular performance expressed as luminance (in cd) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 18D to 18F show exemplary plots 1800D, 1800E, and 1800F show monocular performance expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units) and convergence eye movement (in diopters units) of the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the intermediate-added hyperopic correcting lens 1102H in Figure 11, represented by the respective intermediate-added hyperopic refractive power profiles 1302H-E in Figure 13E for an intermediate-added marked refractive power of +1.5D.

[0086] Figures 19A–19C plot the convergence of eye movements as a function of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the intermediate myopia correcting lens 1102M in Figure 11, represented by the respective intermediate myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-B in Figure 13B for a moderate added power of +1.75D (cd / m²). 2Exemplary plots 1900A, 1900B, and 1900C show monocular performance expressed as luminance (in cd units) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 19D to 19F show exemplary plots 1900D, 1900E, and 1900F show monocular performance expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units) and convergence eye movement (in diopters units) of the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the intermediate-added hyperopic correcting lens 1102H in Figure 11, represented by the respective intermediate-added hyperopic refractive power profiles 1302H-E in Figure 13E for an intermediate-added marked refractive power of +1.75D.

[0087] Figures 20A–20C plot the convergence of eye movements as a function of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the intermediate myopia correcting lens 1102M in Figure 11, represented by the respective intermediate myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-B in Figure 13B for a moderate added power of +2.0D (cd / m²). 2 Exemplary plots 2000A, 2000B, and 2000C show monocular performance expressed as luminance (in cd units) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 20D to 20F show exemplary plots 2000D, 2000E, and 2000F show monocular performance expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units) and convergence eye movement (in diopters units) of the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the intermediate-addition hyperopic correcting lens 1102H in Figure 11, represented by the respective intermediate-addition hyperopic refractive power profiles 1302H-E in Figure 13E for an intermediate-addition marked refractive power of +2.0D.

[0088] Figures 21A-21C plot the convergence of eye movements (in diopters) of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the high-addition myopia correcting lens 1102M from Figure 11 as a function of diopter (cd / m²), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-C from Figure 13C for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.25D (cd / m²). 2Exemplary plots 2100A, 2100B, and 2100C show monocular performance as luminance (in cd) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 21D to 21F are exemplary plots 2100D, 2100E, and 2100F of monocular performance as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units), and the convergence eye movements (in diopters) of the hyperopia refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in Figure 11 are represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-F in Figure 13F for a moderate-addition marked refractive power of +2.25D.

[0089] Figures 22A-22C plot the convergence of eye movements (in diopters) of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) for the high-addition myopia correcting lens 1102M of Figure 11 as a function of convergence eye movements (in diopters) (cd / m²), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-C of Figure 13C for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D (cd / m²). 2 Exemplary plots 2200A, 2200B, and 2200C show monocular performance as luminance (in cd) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 22D to 22F show exemplary plots 2200D, 2200E, and 2200F show monocular performance as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units) and convergence eye movement (in diopters units) of the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the high-addition hyperopic correcting lens 1102H of Figure 11, represented by the respective high-addition hyperopic refractive power profiles 1302H-F of Figure 13F for a medium-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D.

[0090] Figures 23A to 25F are exemplary plots of the difference in monocular visual performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between the myopia-correcting lens 402M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11, compared with the myopia-correcting lens 1102M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 of Figure 4.

[0091] In this regard, Figures 23A to 23C are exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition myopia corrector lens 402M, represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-A in Figure 13A for a low-addition marking of +0.75D, 2300A, 2300B, and 2300B, respectively, compared with the monocular performance plots 600A to 600C in Figures 6A to 6C for the corresponding different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition myopia corrector lens 1102M for the corresponding low-addition marking of +0.75D. Figures 23D to 23F show exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition hyperopia corrector lens 1102H, represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-F in Figure 13D for a corresponding low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, compared with the plots of monocular performance 600D to 600F in Figures 6D to 6F for the corresponding different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition hyperopia corrector lens 402H for a corresponding low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-F in Figure 13D.

[0092] As shown in the monocular vision performance plots 2300D-2300F in Figures 23D-23F, the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11 exhibits better distance vision performance compared to the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 of Figure 4 with respect to low-addition marked refractive power. However, the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 of Figure 4 exhibits slightly better near vision than the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11 with respect to low-addition marked refractive power. This is partly due to the added optical area radius (diameter D) of the myopia correcting lens 1102M in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11. C1 Compared to half of the above, the additional optical area radius (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 in Figure 11. C2 This is due to a reduction in the radius of the additional optical area (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H. C2 Half of this reduces the amount of light received in the hyperopic pupil through the second additional optical region 1104H when focused at close range.

[0093] Figures 24A to 24C are exemplary plots 2400A, 2400B, and 2400C of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the moderate myopia correcting lens 1102M, represented by the respective moderate myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-B in Figure 13B for a moderate added power of +1.75D, compared with the monocular performance plots 700A to 700C in Figures 7A to 7C for the corresponding different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the moderate myopia correcting lens 402M for a corresponding moderate added power of +1.75D. Figures 24D-24F are exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the intermediate hyperopia corrector lens 1102H, represented by the respective intermediate hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-E in Figure 13E for a corresponding intermediate added refractive power of +1.75D, compared with the monocular performance plots 700D-700F of the intermediate added hyperopia corrector lens 402H for a corresponding intermediate added refractive power of +1.75D, represented by the intermediate added hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-E in Figure 13E.

[0094] As shown in the monocular vision performance plots 24D-24F (2400D-2400F), the medium-power hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11 exhibits better distance vision performance compared to the medium-power hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 of Figure 4 with respect to the medium-power added refractive power. However, the medium-power hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 of Figure 4 exhibits slightly better near vision than the medium-power hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11 with respect to the medium-power added refractive power. This is partly due to the added optical area radius (diameter D) of the myopia correcting lens 1102M in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11. C1Compared to half of the above, the additional optical area radius (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 in Figure 11. C2 This is due to a reduction in the radius of the additional optical area (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H. C2 Half of this reduces the amount of light received in the hyperopic pupil through the second additional optical region 1104H when focused at close range.

[0095] Figures 25A to 25C are exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the high-addition myopia corrector lens 402M, represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-C in Figure 13C for a high-addition marking of +2.5D, 2500A, 2500B, and 2500B, and are compared with the monocular performance plots 800A to 800C in Figures 8A to 8C for the corresponding different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the high-addition myopia corrector lens 1102M for the corresponding high-addition marking of +2.5D. Figures 25D to 25F show exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the high-addition hyperopia corrector lens 1102H, represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-F in Figure 13F, compared with the monocular performance plots 800D to 800F in Figures 8D to 8F for the corresponding high-addition marked refractive power of the high-addition hyperopia corrector lens 402H for the corresponding high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D, represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-F in Figure 13F.

[0096] As shown in the monocular vision performance plots 25D-25F (2500D-2500F), the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H of the multifocal contact lens system 1100 in Figure 11 exhibits better distance vision performance compared to the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 402H of the multifocal contact lens system 400 in Figure 4 with respect to high-addition marked refractive power. However, the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 in Figure 4 exhibits better near vision at lower brightness levels than the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 in Figure 11, with respect to high-addition marked refractive power. This is partly due to the additional optical area radius (diameter D) of the myopia correcting lens 1102M in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 in Figure 11. C1 Compared to half of the above, the additional optical area radius (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 in Figure 11. C2 This is due to a reduction in the radius of the additional optical area (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H. C2 Half of this reduces the amount of light received in the hyperopic pupil through the second additional optical region 1104H when focused at close range.

[0097] Figure 26 is an exemplary lens application guide 2600 in which myopia-correcting lens 1102M and / or hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H from the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11, represented by myopia and hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302M-A, 1302M-B, 1302M-C, 1302H-D, 1302H-E, and 1302H-F of Figures 13A to 13F, can be used to have a patient wear myopia-correcting lens 1102M and / or hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H, based on the patient's refractive error correction prescription and required additional refractive power. In the lens application guide 2600, “Lens A” refers to the low-addition contact lenses, which are the low-addition myopia-correcting lens 1102M and hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H, represented by the low-addition myopia-correcting lens profile 1302M-A and hyperopia-correcting lens profile 1302H-D, respectively, of Figures 13A and 13D. "Lens B" as shown in Lens Application Guide 2600 refers to a moderately powered contact lens, which is the moderately powered myopia correcting lens 1102M and the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H, represented by the moderately powered myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-B and 1302H-E, respectively, in Figures 13B and 13E. "Lens C" as shown in Lens Application Guide 2600 refers to a high-powered contact lens, which is the highly powered myopia correcting lens 1102M and the high-powered correcting lens 1102H, represented by the moderately powered myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-C and 1302H-F, respectively, in Figures 13C and 13F.

[0098] Furthermore, as previously described, it has been found that hyperopes generally have not only more positive ocular SPHA than myopes, but that ocular SPHA can further increase in hyperopes as a function of increasing refractive error. Thus, in other exemplary aspects described below, the myopic refractive power profile and / or the hyperopic refractive power profile of the myopic correction lens 1102M and / or the hyperopic correction lens 1102H within the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of FIG. 11 can be further refined to be refractive error correction dependent (i.e., refractive error correction prescription or refractive error correction label refractive power dependent) for further optimization for enhanced distance vision. That the SPHA of the myopic correction lens 1102M and / or the hyperopic correction lens 1102H is refractive error correction dependent means that the SPHA varies further between different respective myopic error corrections and / or hyperopic error corrections within different respective myopic correction lenses and / or hyperopic correction lenses within the multifocal contact lens system. For example, the SPHA of the hyperopic correction lens in a multifocal contact lens system can be designed to add more negative SPHA to the hyperopic correction lens as the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription of the hyperopic correction lens increases in diopters. As another example, the SPHA of the myopic correction lens in a multifocal contact lens system can also be made refractive error correction dependent to improve distance vision. For example, the SPHA within the myopic correction lens can be designed to add more negative SPHA to the myopic correction lens as the myopic refractive error correction prescription of the myopic correction lens increases in diopters (i.e., as the refractive error correction prescription becomes increasingly negative).

[0099] In this regard, Figure 27 illustrates a multifocal contact lens system 2700, which includes a myopia-correcting multifocal lens 2702M (also referred to as "myopic-correcting lens 2702M") and a hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens 2702H (also referred to as "hyperopic-correcting lens 2702H"). In this embodiment, the myopia-correcting lens 2702M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H are multifocal contact lenses. Each of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H has an effective additional refractive power specified by a given marked additional refractive power for the correction of presbyopia. Although only one (1) myopia-correcting lens 2702M and one (1) hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H are shown in Figure 27, the multifocal contact lens system 2700 includes multiple myopia-correcting lenses 2702M, each myopia-correcting lens having a different myopia refractive error correction indicated by a different myopia refractive error correction prescription (e.g., -1D, -2D, -3D, ..., -9D) and a different marked refractive power, and multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 402H having different hyperopia refractive error correction prescriptions (e.g., +1D, +2D, +3D, ..., +9D) and a different marked refractive power. In this way, one or more myopia-correcting lenses 2702M and / or one or more hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H can be selected for the patient's OD and OS based on the refractive error of the patient's eye and can provide refractive error correction for corrected visual acuity with multifocal and presbyopia correction.

[0100] As will be described in more detail below, the myopia-correcting lens 2702M and / or the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H may further have SPHAs that depend on their specific refractive error correction formulations. The myopia-correcting lens 2702M and / or the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H may be designed similarly to the myopia-correcting lens 1102M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 1102H in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11. However, if the myopia-correcting lens 2702M in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 has SPHAs that further depend on their specific myopia refractive error correction formulations, their myopia refractive power profiles will differ in this embodiment from the myopia refractive power profiles 1302M-A, 1302M-B, and 1302M-C in Figures 13A-13C. Similarly, if the hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H within the multifocal contact lens system 2700 have SPHAs that further depend on their specific hyperopia refractive error correction formulations, their hyperopia refractive power profiles will differ from the hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-D, 1302H-E, and 1302H-F shown in Figures 13D to 13F in this embodiment.

[0101] Furthermore, it has been found that pupil size in hyperopia decreases as the refractive error of hyperopia increases. Therefore, as will be explained in more detail below, as one example, the diameter D of the second additional optical region of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H and the second additional region of the 2704H C4 As the diopter of the hyperopia refractive error correction formula of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H increases, the diameter D of the second additional optical region 2704H increases. C4 It can be designed to reduce. The diameter D of the first additional optical area 2704M of the first additional optical area 2702M of the myopia correcting lens 2700 in the multifocal contact lens system 2700. C3 Furthermore, they can be manufactured to depend on refractive error correction. For example, it has been found that as the refractive error of myopia increases (i.e., as the refractive error correction becomes increasingly negative), the pupil size of myopic individuals increases. Therefore, as one embodiment, the diameter D of the first additional optical area 2704M of the first additional optical area 2740M of the myopia correcting lens 2740M C3As the diopter of the myopia refractive error correction formula of the myopia correcting lens 2702M decreases, the diameter D of the first additional optical region 2704M decreases. C3 It can be designed to increase.

[0102] In this way, one or more myopia-correcting lenses 2702M and / or one or more hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H may be selected from the multifocal contact lens system 2700 based on the refractive error of the eye to provide further improved refractive error correction for corrected visual acuity, as well as improved distance visual acuity for hyperopia with multifocal and presbyopia correction.

[0103] Referring to Figure 27, the myopia-correcting lens 2702M and the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H provide multifocality with corrected presbyopia for near vision. The myopia-correcting lens 2702M has a myopia refractive power profile provided by a first additional optical region 2704M and first transition optical regions 2706M(1) to 2706M(3) surrounding the first additional optical region 2704M. The myopia-correcting lens 2702M may also have a final distance optical region 2706M(F) surrounding the first transition optical region 2706M(3), which has refractive correction power for far vision. In a non-limiting embodiment, the myopia-correcting lens 2702M may have the same design as the myopia-correcting lens 1102M in Figure 11. The first additional optical region 2704M is positioned around the first optical axis A1 and has a first additional region refractive power profile as part of the myopia corrective lens 2702M, and the myopia corrective lens 210M has a myopia paraxial refractive power selected to substantially correct the wearer's distance visual acuity (e.g., 0.25D) according to the wearer's refractive error correction prescription, and a first additional refractive power to correct presbyopia. The first additional optical region 2704M has a first additional region diameter D C3The first additional optical region 2706M(1) to 2706M(3) is present, and its size is determined based on the expected pupillary constriction resulting from pupillary constriction when the wearer focuses on a near object (e.g., 2.5D) to enhance presbyopia correction. In this way, when the wearer focuses on a near object, more light enters the wearer's pupil from the first additional optical region 2704M having a first additional refractive power. The first additional optical region 2704M may be spherical or may have some target spherical aberration that depends on the myopic paraxial refractive power within the first additional optical region 2704M. In this embodiment, there are three (3) first transition optical regions 2706M(1) to 2706M(3). The first transition optical regions 2706M(1) to 2706M(3) surround the first additional optical region 2704M around the first optical axis A1, each containing its own myopia progressive refractive power profile as part of the overall myopia refractive power profile of the myopia correcting lens 2702M. The myopia refractive power profile consists of the first additional region refractive power profile, and the myopia progressive refractive power profile contains a first spherical aberration (SPHA) to provide correction for myopia refractive error correction.

[0104] In the myopia-correcting lens 2702M, the first transition optical regions 2706M(1) to 2706M(3) are located outside the central first additional optical region 2704M with respect to the first optical axis A1 of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M, with different radii R. M3This provides refractive correction of light rays ("light") passing through the myopia-correcting lens 2702M. For example, each of the first transition optical regions 2706M(1) to 2706M(3) may have a progressive refractive power profile that provides the wearer with overall multifocality as a function of the distance of the object in focus. The transitions shown in Figure 27 between adjacent first transition optical regions 2706M(1) to 2706M(3) are shown as separate optical regions for illustrative purposes only, but in this embodiment, the change in refractive power in each of these transitions is continuous or substantially continuous. Thus, the myopia-correcting lens 2702M may have a single transition optical region surrounding the first additional optical region 2704M, having a continuous aspherical refractive power profile power. However, it should be noted that the transitions shown in Figure 27 between any adjacent first transition optical regions 2706M(1) to 2706M(3) may also be discontinuous. However, it should be noted that the change in power in the transition shown in Figure 27 between any adjacent first transition optical regions 2706M(1) to 2706M(3) may also be discontinuous. The myopia correcting lens 2702M has an overall diameter D M3 It holds.

[0105] As shown in Figure 27, the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H has a hyperopia refractive power profile provided by a second additional optical region 2704H and second transition optical regions 2706H(1) to 2706H(3) surrounding the second additional optical region 2704H. The hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H may also have a final distance optical region 2706H(F) surrounding the second transition optical region 2706H(3), which has refractive correction power for distance vision. The second additional optical region 2704H is positioned around the second optical axis A2 and has a second additional region refractive power profile as part of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H, having a hyperopia paraxial refractive power selected to substantially correct the hyperopia refractive error for the wearer's distance visual acuity (e.g., at 0.25D) according to the wearer's refractive error correction prescription, and a second additional refractive power for correcting presbyopia. In this embodiment, the second additional optical region 2704H has the first additional region diameter D of the first additional optical region 2704M of the myopia correcting lens 2702M.C3 A second additional region diameter D of a smaller size than C4 This is based on the expected reduced pupil size of a hyperopic wearer when the wearer's pupil constricts to miosis when focusing on a near-range object (e.g., 2.5D), in contrast to a myopic wearer wearing the 2702M myopia-correcting lens.

[0106] The second additional optical region 2704H may be spherical or may have some target spherical aberration that depends on the hyperopic paraxial refractive power within the second additional optical region 2704H. In this embodiment, there are three (3) second transition optical regions 2706H(1) to 2706H(3). The second transition optical regions 2706H(1) to 2706H(3) surround the second additional optical region 2704H around the second optical axis A2, and each contains its respective hyperopic progressive refractive power profile as part of the overall hyperopic refractive power profile of the hyperopic correcting lens 2702H. The hyperopic refractive power profile consists of the second additional region refractive power profile, and the hyperopic progressive refractive power profile includes a second SPHA that provides correction for hyperopic refractive error.

[0107] Continuing to refer to Figure 27, the second transition optical regions 2706H(1) to 2706H(3) within the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H are located outside the second additional optical region 2704H with respect to the second optical axis A2 of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H, at different radii R. H3The lens 2702H provides refractive correction for light rays ("light") passing through it. For example, each of the second transition optical regions 2706H(1) to 2706H(3) may have a progressive refractive power profile that provides the wearer with overall multifocality as a function of the distance to the object in focus. The transitions shown in Figure 27 between adjacent second transition optical regions 2706H(1) to 2706H(3) are shown as separate optical regions for illustrative purposes only, but in this embodiment, the change in refractive power in each of these transitions is continuous or substantially continuous. Thus, the lens 2702H may have a single transition optical region surrounding the second additional optical region 2704M, having a continuous aspherical refractive power profile. However, it should be noted that the transitions shown in Figure 27 between any adjacent second transition optical regions 2706H(1) to 2706H(3) may also be discontinuous. However, it should be noted that the change in power in the transition shown in Figure 27 between any adjacent second transition optical regions 2706H(1) to 2706H(3) may also be discontinuous. The hyperopia correcting lens 2702H has a total optical region diameter D H3 It holds.

[0108] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 27, as provided in the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11, each myopia refractive power profile of the myopia correcting lens 2702M in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 is a first SPHA 2712M that is larger than the second SPHA 2712H in each hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700. In other words, the second SPHA 2712H in the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H's hyperopia refractive power profile is smaller than the first SPHA 2712M in the myopia correcting lens 2702M's myopia refractive power profile. The first SPHA 2712M in the myopia correcting lens 2702M has a radius R relative to the first optical axis A1. M3 The spherical aberration in the myopia refractive power profile of the myopia correcting lens 2702M as a function of R. The second SPHA 2712H in the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H is their radius R relative to the second optical axis A2.H3 This is spherical aberration in the hyperopic refractive power profile of the hyperopic correcting lens 2702H as a function of . As discussed earlier, by reducing the second SPHA 2712H in the hyperopic correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 compared to the first SPHA 2712M in the myopia correcting lens 2702M in the multifocal contact lens system 2700, the distance visual acuity of hyperopic individuals wearing the hyperopic correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 can be further improved.

[0109] Furthermore, in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 shown in Figure 27, the second SPHA 2712H of each of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H depends on its hyperopia refractive error correction mark refractive power. In other words, in addition to the second SPHA 2712H in the hyperopia refractive power profile of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H being smaller than the first SPHA 2712M in the myopia refractive power profile of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M, the second SPHA 2712H in the hyperopia refractive power profile of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H becomes more negative as the hyperopia refractive error correction prescription increases in diopters. For example, in this embodiment, the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H having a +4D hyperopia refractive error correction formula has a second SPHA 2712H that is more negative than the second SPHA 2712H of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H having a +2D hyperopia refractive error correction formula. In this way, the far vision profile of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 of Figure 27 can be further optimized to depend on the hyperopia refractive error correction, and even further optimized for more enhanced far vision.

[0110] In one embodiment, the second SPHA 2712H of each of a plurality of hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H may target the average second eye SPHA of a population of hyperopic images for a given hyperopic refractive error, as shown in graph 900B of Figure 9B. In a further embodiment, the second SPHA 2712H of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H may be at least 10 percent (10%) smaller than the first SPHA 2712M of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M. In a further embodiment, the second SPHA 2712H of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H may be at least 10 percent (10%) smaller than the first SPHA 2712M of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M for a given corresponding refractive error correction prescription (e.g., +2D hyperopia refractive error correction prescription versus -2D myopia refractive error correction prescription). In another embodiment, the second SPHA 2712H of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 may be 10 percent to 20 percent smaller than the first SPHA 2712M of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M in the multifocal contact lens system 2700. In another embodiment, the second SPHA 2712H of each of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H may be -0.053D / mm 2 ~-0.146D / mm 2 It is possible that each of the multiple myopia correction lenses 2702M, specifically the first SPHA 2712M, has a diameter of 0.053 D / mm 2 ~-0.146D / mm 2 It is possible.

[0111] In another embodiment, the second SPHA 2712H of multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H becomes monotonically more negative (i.e., with the same increment between adjacent hyperopia-correcting lenses) as the hyperopia refractive error correction formula of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H increases in diopters. The second SPHA 2712H of multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H may become linearly more negative as the hyperopia-correcting lens formula of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H increases in diopters.

[0112] Furthermore, in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 shown in Figure 27, the first SPHA 2712M for each of the multiple myopia-correcting lenses 2702M can also depend on their myopia refractive error correction mark refractive power. In other words, in addition to the first SPHA 2712M in the myopia refractive power profile of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M being greater than the second SPHA 2712H in the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H, the first SPHA 2712HM in the myopia refractive power profile of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M becomes more negative as the myopia refractive error correction prescription increases in diopters. For example, in this embodiment, the myopia correcting lens 2702M having a -4D myopia refractive error correction prescription has a first SPHA 2712M that is more negative than the first SPHA 2712M of the myopia correcting lens 2702M having a -2D myopia refractive error correction prescription. In this way, the myopia refractive power profile of the myopia correcting lens 2702M in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 of Figure 27 can be further optimized to depend on myopia refractive error correction for further optimization for more enhanced distance visual acuity.

[0113] In another embodiment, the first SPHA 2712M of each of a plurality of myopia-correcting lenses 2702M may target the average first eye SPHA of a population of myopic individuals for a given myopia refractive error, as shown in graph 900A of Figure 9A. In a further embodiment, the second SPHA 2712H of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H may be at least 5 percent (5%) less than the first SPHA 2712M of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M. In a further embodiment, the second SPHA 2712H of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H may be at least 5 percent (5%) less than the first SPHA 2712M of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M for a given corresponding refractive error correction prescription (e.g., -2D myopia refractive error correction prescription versus +2D hyperopia refractive error correction prescription). In another embodiment, the second SPHA 2712H of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H may be 3 percent (3%) to 50 percent (50%) less than the first SPHA 2712M of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M. In another embodiment, only the first SPHA 2712M of multiple myopia-correcting lenses 2702M having a myopia refractive error correction prescription of -2.5D or greater becomes more negative as the myopia refractive error correction prescription of such myopia-correcting lens 2702M increases the diopter and reduces or offsets the SPHA of the eye, further improving visual acuity at longer distances. In one embodiment, the first SPHA 2712M of each of multiple myopia-correcting lenses 2702M is -0.053D / mm 2 ~-0.146D / mm 2 It is possible that each of the multiple myopia correction lenses 2702M, specifically the first SPHA 2712M, is -0.064 D / mm 2 ~-0.096D / mm 2 It is possible.

[0114] In another embodiment, the first SPHA 2712M of multiple myopia-correcting lenses 2702M becomes monotonically more negative (i.e., with the same increment between adjacent myopia-correcting lenses) as the myopia refractive error correction formula of the multiple myopia-correcting lenses 2702M increases in diopters. The first SPHA 2712M of multiple myopia-correcting lenses 2702M may become linearly more negative as the hyperopia-correcting lens formula of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H increases in diopters.

[0115] As described above, the second additional optical region 2704H of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H is also the first additional region diameter D of the first additional optical region 2704M of the myopia correcting lens 2702M. C3 A second additional region diameter D of a smaller size than C4 This is based on the expected reduced pupil size of a hyperopic wearer when the pupil constricts to miosis when the wearer is focusing on a near-range object (e.g., 2.5D). In this way, when the hyperopic wearer is focusing on a far-range object, the proportion of light entering the wearer's pupil from the second transition optical regions 2706H(1) to 2706H(3) of the hyperopic correcting lens 2702H increases, resulting in improved distance visual acuity. As an example, the diameter D of the second additional optical region D of the second additional optical region 2704H of the hyperopic correcting lens 2702H C4 This is the diameter D of the first additional area of ​​the myopia correction lens 2702M. C3 It could be at least 2 percent (2%) smaller than that.

[0116] Furthermore, as mentioned above, it has been found that pupil size in hyperopia decreases as the refractive error of hyperopia increases. This is at 120 cd / m². 2 As shown in plot 1000B of Figure 10B above, an example of an average hyperopic subject with a refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of +2.0D and a required additional refractive power of +2.25D, accompanied by luminance and 2D convergence eye movement. For example, the diameter D of the second additional optical area 2704H of the second additional optical area of ​​the hyperopic correcting lens 2702H. C4This may be 0mm to 0.73mm based on the average pupil diameter observed in hyperopia. Therefore, in this embodiment of the multifocal contact lens system 2700 in Figure 27, the second additional area diameter D of the second additional optical area 2704H of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 C4 Furthermore, the performance of long-distance visual acuity can be further improved by relying on correction of hyperopia refractive error. For example, the diameter D of the second additional optical area of ​​the second additional optical area of ​​the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H and the second additional optical area of ​​the 2704H. C4 As the hyperopia refractive error correction formula of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H increases in diopters, the diameter D of the second additional optical region 2704H increases. C4 It can be designed to reduce the second additional optical area 2704H of multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H and the second additional area diameter D C4 The size may be designed to continuously decrease as the diopter of the hyperopia refractive error correction prescription of multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H increases. For example, the diameter D of the second additional optical area C4 This refers to the second additional optical area of ​​the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H, which has a +4D hyperopia refractive error correction prescription, and the second additional area diameter D of the 2704H. C4 It has a larger diameter than that.

[0117] As another example, the second additional area diameter D of multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H C4 The second additional area diameter D of the multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H can continue to decrease monotonically (i.e., with the same distance decrease increment between adjacent hyperopia correcting lenses) as the hyperopia refractive error correction formulas of the multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H increase in diopters. For example, in another embodiment, the second additional area diameter D of the multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H C4 The hyperopia refractive error correction formula for multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H can continue to decrease linearly as the diopter increases.

[0118] In another embodiment, the first additional optical region 2704M of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M is also the second additional region diameter D of the second additional optical region 2704H of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H. C4 The diameter D of the first additional region is larger than the first additional region. C3 Therefore, in this embodiment of the multifocal contact lens system 2700 in Figure 27, the diameter D of the first additional optical region 2704M of the first additional optical region 2702M of the myopia correcting lens 2704M in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 C3 Furthermore, to further improve distance vision performance, they may be fabricated to rely on myopia refractive error correction. For example, the diameter D of the first additional optical area 2704M of the myopia correcting lens 2702M. C3 As the myopia refractive error correction formula of the myopia correcting lens 2702M increases in diopters, the diameter D of the first additional optical region 2704M increases. C3 It can be designed to increase. For example, the diameter D of the first additional optical region 2704M of the first additional optical region 2702M of multiple myopia correcting lenses 2702M C3 The size of the multiple myopia correcting lenses 2702M can be designed to continue increasing as the myopia refractive error correction formula increases in diopters. For example, the diameter D of the first additional optical region of the first additional optical region 2704M of the myopia correcting lens 2702M having a -4D hyperopia refractive error correction formula. C3 This is the diameter D of the first additional optical area C3 It has a larger diameter than that.

[0119] As another example, the second additional area diameter D of multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H C4 The second additional area diameter D of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H can continue to decrease monotonically (i.e., with the same distance decrease increment between adjacent hyperopia-correcting lenses) as the hyperopia refractive error correction formulas of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H increase in diopters. For example, in another embodiment, the second additional area diameter D of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H C4 The hyperopia refractive error correction formula for multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H can continue to decrease linearly as the diopter increases.

[0120] Furthermore, as mentioned above, it has been found that myopia and hyperopia generally differ in the distribution of the required additional refractive power. A higher percentage of hyperopia compared to myopia of the same or similar age are suited to high additional refractive power lenses. Therefore, hyperopia with higher additional refractive power may experience more impaired distance visual acuity compared to myopia. Also, as mentioned above, hyperopia may already have a natural feeling that distance visual acuity is impaired when applying presbyopia corrective lenses because better distance visual acuity is expected than for myopia. Therefore, in another embodiment, in order to improve the distance visual acuity of hyperopia, the effective additional refractive power of the hyperopia corrective lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 may also be reduced compared to the effective additional refractive power of the myopia corrective lens 2702M in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 with respect to a given marked additional refractive power. Furthermore, it may be desirable to improve distance visual acuity by utilizing binocular disparity between the patient's dominant and non-dominant eyes, by reducing only the effective additional refractive power within a specific effective marked additional refractive power range of the hyperopia-correcting multifocal lens 2702H. For example, the effective additional refractive power may be reduced by +0.0D to +0.65D in part or all of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H compared to the marked additional refractive power of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M. The effective additional refractive power of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H of the multifocal contact lens system 2700 can be provided by adjusting the paraxial refractive power and aspheric constant in each hyperopia refractive power profile.

[0121] Furthermore, the depth of field (DOF) of one or more hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H for a given marked refractive power can be modified relative to the DOF of one or more myopia-correcting lenses 2702M for the same given marked refractive power.

[0122] Figures 28A to 28C are exemplary graphs 2800A, 2800B, and 2800C, each containing the low-addition myopia power profile 2802M-A, the medium-addition myopia power profile 2802M-B, and the high-addition myopia power profile 2802M-C, respectively, for the myopia correction lens 2702M (refractive error correction prescriptions -6D, -5D, -4D, -3D, -2D, -1D) shown in Figure 27. Graphs 2800A, 2800B, and 2800C plot the diopter (D) obtained by subtracting the prescription Rx from the lens power as a function of the radial position from the first optical axis A1 for each of the myopia correction lenses 2702M shown in Figure 27. Graph 2800A in Figure 28A shows the low added power profile 2802M-A of the low added power myopia correcting lens 2702M for a low added power marked refractive power of 0.75D, for different refractive error correction prescriptions. This can be considered a low added power for patients with lower or earlier accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the low added power marked refractive power can range from +0.5D to +1.49D. Graph 2800B in Figure 28B shows the medium added power profile 2802M-B of the medium added power myopia correcting lens 2702M for a medium added power marked refractive power of +1.75D, for different refractive error correction prescriptions. This can be considered a medium added power or medium added power for patients with higher accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the marked power of the medium added power can range from +1.5D to +1.99D. Graph 2800C in Figure 28C shows the high-addition myopia correction lens 2702M-C for different refractive error correction prescriptions for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. This can be considered the high-addition refractive power for patients with the highest accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the high-addition marked refractive power can range from +2.0D to +2.5D.

[0123] Figures 28A to 28C show the low-addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-A, the medium-addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-B, and the high-addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-C of the myopia correcting lens 2702M, with respect to the paraxial refractive power and the radius R of the first additional optical region 2704M. M3, the effective additional refractive power provided by the first additional optical region 2704M (i.e., the magnitude of the first additional refractive power), and the radius R of the first additional optical region 2704M M3 Regarding this, it changes. However, in each of the low-addition-value-marked M3 This remains relatively constant across myopia refractive error correction prescriptions. In other words, for a given effective addition shown in the different groups of marked additions of the low addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-A, the medium addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-B, and the high addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-C in Figures 28A to 28C, the paraxial refractive power, effective addition, and radius R of the first addition optical region 2704M are... M3 This is approximately the same for each of the myopia refractive error correction prescriptions. In this embodiment, the low-addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-A, the medium-addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-B, and the high-addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-C of each of the low-addition myopia correcting lens, the medium-addition myopia correcting lens, and the high-addition myopia correcting lens 2702M are approximately the same for each of the myopia refractive error correction prescriptions, the first SPHA 2712M or the first addition area diameter R C3 This is because it does not possess, but this is not a limiting factor.

[0124] Figures 28D to 28F are exemplary graphs 2800D, 2800E, and 2800F, each containing the low-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-D, the medium-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-E, and the high-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-F for each of the multiple hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H (refractive error correction prescriptions +1D, +2D, +3D, +4D, +5D, +6D) shown in Figure 27. Graphs 2800D, 2800E, and 2800F plot the difference between the lens power and the prescription Rx as a function of the radial position from the second optical axis A2 of each hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in Figure 27, plotted in diopters (D). Graph 2800D in Figure 28D shows the low added-power hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-D for different refractive error correction prescriptions of the low added-power hyperopia correcting lens 2702H for a low added-power marked refractive power of 0.75D. This can be considered a low added-power refractive power for patients with lower or earlier accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the low added-power marked refractive power can range from +0.5D to +1.49D. Graph 2800E in Figure 28E shows the medium added-power hyperopia correcting lens 2702H-E for different refractive error correction prescriptions for a medium added-power marked refractive power of +1.75D. This can be considered a medium added-power refractive power or medium added-power refractive power for patients with higher accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the marked power of the medium added-power can range from +1.5D to +1.99D. Graph 2800F in Figure 28F shows the high-addition hyperopia corrective lens 2702H-F for different refractive error correction prescriptions for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D. This can be considered the high-addition refractive power for patients with the highest accommodative loss. However, it should be noted that the high-addition marked refractive power can range from +2.0D to +2.5D.

[0125] In this embodiment, the second SPHA 2712H in the hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-D, 2802H-E, and 2802H-F shown in Figures 28D-28F, with respect to the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H, depends on its refractive error correction formula. For example, as shown in the low-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-D in Figure 28D, the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H represented therein is -0.003972 * D / mm equal to Rx-0.1118 2 Unit radius R H3 A second SPHA 2712H may have a variable function of Rx, where Rx is in diopters. In another embodiment, as shown in the intermediate added hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-E in Figure 28E, the intermediate added hyperopia correcting lens 2702H represented therein is -0.003884 * D / mm equal to Rx-0.0902 2 Unit radius R H3 A second SPHA 2712H may have a variable function of Rx, where Rx is in diopter units. In another embodiment, as shown in the high-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-F in Figure 28F, the moderate-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H represented therein is -0.009384 * D / mm equal to Rx-0.0638 2 Unit radius R H3 It may also have a second SPHA 2712H that varies as a function of Rx, where Rx is in diopter units.

[0126] Figures 28D to 28F show the low-addition hyperopia-addition refractive power profile 2802H-D, the medium-addition hyperopia-addition refractive power profile 2802H-E, and the high-addition hyperopia-addition refractive power profile 2802H-F of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2704H, with respect to the paraxial refractive power and the radius R of the second additional optical region 2704H. H3 , the effective additional refractive power provided by the second additional optical region 2704H (i.e., the magnitude of the second additional refractive power), and the radius R of the second additional optical region 2704H. H3Regarding this, it changes. In each of the low-addition-level-marked H3 This changes as a function of the hyperopia refractive error correction prescription in order to further improve the distance visual acuity of hyperopic individuals wearing the hyperopia corrective lens 2702H.

[0127] As described above, the effective additional refractive power (e.g., paraxial refractive power) of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H is lower than that of the myopia-correcting lens 2702M (e.g., paraxial refractive power), which can further improve the distance visual acuity of hyperopic individuals wearing the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H. This is demonstrated, for example, by comparing the low additional myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-A and 2802H-D in Figures 28A and 28D for each of the low additional refractive power myopia-correcting lenses 2702M and 2702H. For example, the low-addition marked refractive power of one or more low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H, as shown by the low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-D in Figure 28D, may be reduced by between +0.0D and +0.15D compared to the low-addition marked refractive power of one or more low-addition myopia correcting lenses 2702M, as shown by their low-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-A in Figure 28A. This can also be shown, for example, by comparing the medium-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-B and the medium-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-E in Figures 28B and 28E for the respective medium-addition marked myopia correcting lenses 2702M and hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H. For example, the added refractive power of one or more added-power hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H, as shown by the added-power profiles 2802H-E in Figure 28E, can be reduced by between +0.20D and +0.50D compared to the added refractive power of one or more added-power myopia correcting lenses 2702M, as shown by the added-power profiles 2802M-B in Figure 28B. This can also be shown, for example, by comparing the high added-power myopia correcting profiles 2802M-C and the high added-power hyperopia correcting profiles 2802H-F in Figures 28C and 28F for each of the high added-power myopia correcting lenses 2702M and hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H.For example, the high-addition marked refractive power of one or more high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H, as shown by the high-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-F in Figure 28F, can be reduced by +0.40D to 0.65D compared to the high-addition marked refractive power of one or more high-addition myopia correcting lenses 2702M, as shown by the high-addition marked refractive power profile 2802M-C in Figure 28C.

[0128] For example, the effective low-addition power (e.g., less than +1.5D) in the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H shown in Figure 28D, in the low-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-D, can be reduced by +0.0D to +0.15D compared to the corresponding low-addition myopia correcting lens 2702M represented by the low-addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-A in Figure 28A. Furthermore, in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 shown in Figure 27, the effective intermediate additional refractive power (e.g., at least +1.5D (e.g., the required additional refractive power of +1.5D to +1.75D)) in the intermediate additional hyperopia correcting lens 2702H shown in Figure 28E, in the intermediate additional hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-E, can be reduced by +0.20D to +0.50D compared to their corresponding intermediate additional myopia correcting lenses 2702M represented by the intermediate additional myopia refractive power profile 2802M-B in Figure 28B. Furthermore, in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 shown in Figure 27, the effective high addition power (e.g., an addition power requirement of +2.0D to +2.5D) of the moderate addition hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-E of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H shown in Figure 27F can be reduced by +0.40D to +0.65D compared to the corresponding high addition myopia correcting lens 2702M represented by the high addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-C shown in Figure 28C.

[0129] Furthermore, in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 of Figure 27, the low DOF of one or more low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H, indicated by the low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-D of Figure 28D, may vary by +0.15D to -0.10D with respect to one or more low-addition myopia correcting lenses 2702M, indicated by the low-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-A of Figure 28A. In another embodiment, the medium-addition DOF of one or more medium-addition hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H, indicated by the medium-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-E of Figure 28E, may vary by +0.05D to -0.20D with respect to one or more medium-addition myopia correcting lenses 2702M, indicated by the medium-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-B of Figure 28B. In another embodiment, the degree of high-addition DOF of one or more high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses 2702H, as shown by the high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-F in Figure 28F, may vary by +0.30D to -0.20D with respect to one or more high-addition myopia correcting lenses 2702M, as shown by the high-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-C in Figure 28C.

[0130] As another embodiment, as shown in the low-addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-A in Figure 28A, the first additional optical region 2704M of the low-addition myopia correcting lens 2702M has an additional optical region radius (diameter D) of 0 mm to 0.23 mm. C3It may have half of the above. The first transition optical region 2706M(1) of the low-addition myopia correction lens 2702M may have a radius with respect to the first optical axis A1 between 0.23 mm and 0.43 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 2704M is +0.002 D to +0.003 D. The first transition optical region 2706M(2) of the low-addition myopia correction lens 2702M may have a radius with respect to the first optical axis A1 between 0.44 mm and 0.67 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 2704M is +0.002 D to +0.003 D. The first transition optical region 2706M(2) of the low-addition myopia correction lens 2702M may have a radius of 0.67 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 2704M is +0.0005 D to +0.001 D. The low-addition myopia correction lens 2702M may have an extrapolated paraxial refractive power of the final distance optical region of +0.336 D to +0.537 D relative to the required paraxial refractive power of refraction.

[0131] As in another embodiment, as shown in the intermediate added myopia refractive power profile 2802M-B in Figure 28B, the first added optical region 2704M of the intermediate added myopia correcting lens 2702M may have an added optical region radius of 0 mm to 0.78 mm (half of the diameter DC3). The first transition optical region 2706M(1) of the intermediate added myopia correcting lens 2702M may have a radius of 0.78 mm to 1.06 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first added refractive power of the first added optical region 2704M is +0.343D to +0.425D. The first transition optical region 2706M(2) of the intermediate myopia correction lens 2702M may have a radius of 1.06 mm to 1.49 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 2704M is +0.262 D to +0.344 D. The first transition optical region 2706M(2) of the intermediate myopia correction lens 2702M may have a radius of 1.49 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 2704M is +0.060 D to +0.142 D. The intermediate myopia correction lens 2702M may have an extrapolated paraxial refractive power of the final distance optical region of +0.559 D to +0.760 D with respect to the required paraxial refractive power of refraction.

[0132] As another embodiment, as shown in the high-addition myopia refractive power profile 2802M-C in Figure 28C, the first additional optical region 2704M of the high-addition myopia correcting lens 2702M has an additional optical region radius (diameter D) of 0mm to 0.64mm. C3 It may have half of the above. The first transition optical region 2706M(1) of the high-addition myopia correction lens 2702M may have a radius with respect to the first optical axis A1 between 0.64 mm and 0.94 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 2704M is +0.845 D to +1.045 D. The first transition optical region 2706M(2) of the high-addition myopia correction lens 2702M may have a radius of 0.94 mm to 1.43 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 2704M is +0.646 D to +0.846 D. The first transition optical region 2706M(2) of the high-addition myopia correction lens 2702M may have a radius of 1.43 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the first optical axis A1, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 2704M is +0.149 D to +0.349 D. The high-addition myopia correction lens 2702M may have an extrapolated paraxial refractive power of the final distance optical region of +0.628 D to +0.828 D relative to the required paraxial refractive power of refraction.

[0133] As another embodiment, as shown in the low-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-D in Figure 28D, the second additional optical region 2704H of the low-addition myopia correcting lens 2702H has an additional optical region radius (diameter D) of 0mm to 0.23mm. C4It may have half of the above. The second transition optical region 2706H(1) of the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 between 0.23 mm and 0.43 mm, and the second additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 2704H is +0.002 D to +0.003 D. The second transition optical region 2706H(2) of the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 between 0.44 mm and 0.67 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 2704M is +0.0005 D to +0.001 D. The second transition optical region 2706H(2) of the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have a radius of 0.67 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the second optical axis A2, and the second additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 2704H is +0.0005 D to +0.001 D. The low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have a final distance optical region extrapolated paraxial refractive power of +0.336 D to +0.537 D relative to the required paraxial refractive power of refraction.

[0134] As another embodiment, as shown in the intermediate addition hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-E in Figure 28E, the second additional optical region 2704H of the intermediate addition myopia correcting lens 2702H has an additional optical region radius (diameter D) of 0mm to 0.73mm. C4It may have half of the above. The second transition optical region 2706H(1) of the intermediate additional hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 between 0.73 mm and 0.98 mm, and the second additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 2704H is +0.343 D to +0.425 D. The second transition optical region 2706H(2) of the intermediate additional hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 between 0.98 mm and 1.38 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 2704M is +0.262 D to +0.344 D. The second transition optical region 2706H(2) of the intermediate-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have a radius of 1.38 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the second optical axis A2, and the second additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 2704H is +0.060 D to +0.142 D. The intermediate-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have an extrapolated paraxial refractive power of the final distance optical region of +0.259 D to +0.142 D relative to the required paraxial refractive power of refraction.

[0135] As another embodiment, as shown in the high-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 2802H-F in Figure 28F, the second additional optical region 2704H of the high-addition myopia correcting lens 2702H has an additional optical region radius (diameter D) of 0 mm to 0.59 mm. C4It may have half of the above. The first transition optical region 2706M(1) of the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 between 0.59 mm and 0.87 mm, and the second additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 2704H is +0.845 D to +1.045 D. The second transition optical region 2706H(2) of the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have a radius with respect to the second optical axis A2 between 0.87 mm and 1.33 mm, and the first additional refractive power of the first additional optical region 2704M is +0.646 D to +0.846 D. The second transition optical region 2706H(2) of the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have a radius of 1.33 mm to 2.0 mm with respect to the second optical axis A2, and the second additional refractive power of the second additional optical region 2704H is +0.149 D to +0.349 D. The high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H may have an extrapolated paraxial refractive power of the final distance optical region of +0.428 D to +0.629 D relative to the required paraxial refractive power of refraction.

[0136] Figures 29A to 36F plot the luminance (cd / m²) as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) for different myopia and hyperopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) for the myopia-correcting lens 2702M and hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H shown in Figure 27. 2The exemplary monocular performance is shown as MAR (as -10logMAR) and (as -10logMAR). In this embodiment, these myopia-correcting lenses 2702M and hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H are represented by the respective myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-A, 2802M-B, 2802M-C, and hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-D, 2802H-E, 2802H-F in the respective Figures 28A to 28F described above. By plotting the monocular performance of the myopia-correcting lenses 2702M and hyperopia-correcting lenses 2702H in Figures 29A to 36F, it becomes possible to construct the entire multifocal contact lens system 2700. As shown in Figures 29A to 36F, the second SPHA The monocular vision performance of the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700, which has 2712H, was compared with the monocular vision performance shown in Figures 29D-29F, 30D-30F, 31D-31F, 32D-32F, 33D-33F, 34D-34F, 35D-35F, and 36D-36F for various marked refractive powers for hyperopic individuals wearing the hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H. In addition, compared to the monocular vision performance shown in Figures 29A-29C, 30A-30C, 31A-31C, 32A-32C, 33A-33C, 34A-34C, 35A-35C, and 36A-36C for myopic individuals wearing the myopia-correcting lens 2702M, the second SPHA2712H is more negative, and / or the second additional area diameter D of the second additional optical area 2704H C4 This decreases as the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription increases in diopter units, indicating a further significant improvement in distance visual acuity.

[0137] In this regard, Figures 29A-29C plot the convergence of eye movements (in diopters) of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition myopia correcting lens 2702M in Figure 27 as a function of convergence eye movements (in diopters) (cd / m²), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-A in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D (cd / m²). 2Exemplary plots 2900A, 2900B, and 2900C show monocular performance expressed as luminance (in cd) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 29D to 29F show exemplary plots 2900D, 2900E, and 2900F show monocular performance expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units) and convergence eye movement (in diopters units) for the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the low-addition hyperopic correcting lens 2702H of Figure 27, represented by the respective low-addition hyperopic refractive power profiles 2802H-D of Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D.

[0138] Figures 30A-30C plot the convergence of eye movements (in diopters) of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition myopia correcting lens 2702M in Figure 27 as a function of convergence eye movements (in diopters) (cd / m²), represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-A in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.0D (cd / m²). 2 Exemplary plots 3000A, 3000B, and 3000C show monocular performance expressed as luminance (in cd) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 30D to 30F show exemplary plots 3000D, 3000E, and 3000F show monocular performance expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units) and convergence eye movement (in diopters units) for the hyperopia refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H of Figure 27, represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-D of Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.0D.

[0139] Figures 31A-31C show the luminance (cd / m²) plotted as a function of convergence eye movement for different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition myopia correcting lens 2702M in Figure 27, represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-A in Figure 28A for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.25D. 2Exemplary plots of monocular performance (in units of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m))) are shown in 3100A, 3100B, and 3100C. Figures 31D to 31F show luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m)). 2 ) cd / m 2 Exemplary plots of monocular performance 3100D, 3100E, and 3100F, expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of units, are shown in Figure 27, and the convergence eye movements (in diopters) of the hyperopia refractive error correction prescription (Rx) for the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H are represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-D in Figure 28D for a low-addition marked refractive power of +1.25D.

[0140] Figures 32A-32C plot the convergence of eye movements as a function of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the intermediate-added myopia correcting lens 2702M (Figure 27), represented by the respective intermediate-added myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-B in Figure 28B for a moderate-added marked refractive power of +1.5D (cd / m²). 2 Exemplary plots 3200A, 3200B, and 3200C show monocular performance expressed as luminance (in cd) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 32D to 32F show exemplary plots 3200D, 3200E, and 3200F show monocular performance expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units) and convergence eye movement (in diopters units) of the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the intermediate-addition hyperopic correcting lens 2702H in Figure 27, represented by the respective intermediate-addition hyperopic refractive power profiles 2802H-E in Figure 28E for an intermediate-addition marked refractive power of +1.5D.

[0141] Figures 33A-33C plot the convergence of eye movements as a function of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the intermediate-added myopia correcting lens 2702M (Figure 27), represented by the respective intermediate-added myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-B in Figure 28B for a moderate-added marked refractive power of +1.75D (cd / m²). 2Exemplary plots 3300A, 3300B, and 3300C show monocular performance expressed as luminance (at) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 33D to 33F show exemplary plots 3300D, 3300E, and 3300F show monocular performance expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units) and convergence eye movement (diopters units) of the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the intermediate-addition hyperopic correcting lens 2702H in Figure 27, represented by the respective intermediate-addition hyperopic refractive power profiles 2802H-E in Figure 28E for an intermediate-addition marked refractive power of +1.75D.

[0142] Figures 34A-34C plot the convergence of eye movements as a function of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the intermediate-added myopia correcting lens 2702M (Figure 27), represented by the respective intermediate-added myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-B in Figure 28B for a moderate-added marked refractive power of +2.0D (cd / m²). 2 Exemplary plots 3400A, 3400B, and 3400C show monocular performance expressed as luminance (at) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 34D to 34F show exemplary plots 3400D, 3400E, and 3400F show monocular performance expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units) and convergence eye movement (diopters units) of the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the intermediate-addition hyperopic correcting lens 2702H in Figure 27, represented by the respective intermediate-addition hyperopic refractive power profiles 2802H-E in Figure 28E for an intermediate-addition marked refractive power of +2.0D.

[0143] Figures 35A-35C plot the convergence of eye movements (in diopters) of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) for the high-addition myopia correcting lens 2702M in Figure 27 as a function of convergence eye movements (in diopters) (cd / m²), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-C in Figure 28C for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.25D (cd / m²). 2Exemplary plots 3500A, 3500B, and 3500C show monocular performance as luminance (in cd) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 35D to 35F are exemplary plots 3500D, 3500E, and 3500F of monocular performance as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units), and the convergence eye movements (in diopters) of the hyperopia refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in Figure 27 are represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-F in Figure 28F for a moderate-addition marked refractive power of +2.25D.

[0144] Figures 36A-36C plot the convergence of eye movements (in diopters) of different myopia refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) for the high-addition myopia correcting lens 2702M in Figure 27 as a function of convergence eye movements (in diopters) (cd / m²), represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-C in Figure 28C for a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D (cd / m²). 2 Exemplary plots 3600A, 3600B, and 3600C show monocular performance expressed as luminance (in cd) and MAR (as -10logMAR). Figures 36D to 36F show exemplary plots 3600D, 3600E, and 3600F show monocular performance expressed as MAR (as -10logMAR) as a function of luminance (candela (cd) per square meter (m2) cd / m2 units) and convergence eye movement (in diopters units) of the hyperopic refractive error correction prescription (Rx) of the high-addition hyperopic correcting lens 2702H of Figure 27, represented by the respective high-addition hyperopic refractive power profiles 2802H-F of Figure 28F for a medium-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D.

[0145] Figures 37A to 37C show exemplary graphs 3700A, 3700B, and 3700C, respectively, of the multifocal contact lens system 1100 of Figure 11 with hyperopia refractive error correction prescriptions of +1D, +3D, and +5D, including the low-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 1302H-D, the medium-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 1302H-E, and the high-addition hyperopia refractive power profile 1302H-F, respectively. This is the second SPHA Figure 27 plots the low-addition refractive power profiles 2802H-D, medium-addition refractive power 2802H-E, and high-addition refractive power 2802H-F for the multifocal contact lens system 2700, which includes 1112H and / or has a second additional optical region 1104H that is constant over hyperopic refractive error correction and therefore independent of hyperopic refractive error correction, which is the second SPHA 2712H and / or the second additional optical region 2704H that is dependent on refractive error correction. As shown in graphs 3700B and 3700C, the moderate and high-power hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-E and 2802H-F of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H provide approximately 1 MAR character better long-distance performance compared to the moderate and high-power hyperopia refractive power profiles 1302H-E and 1302H-F of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H.

[0146] Figures 38A to 38D show the refractive power profiles of the different multifocal contact lens systems 400, 1100, and 2700 in Figures 4, 11, and 27, respectively, representing the low-addition hyperopia correction lens 402H, the medium-addition hyperopia correction lens 1102H, and the high-addition hyperopia correction lens 2702H, with a refractive power of 9 cd / mm². 2 , 36 cd / mm 2 , 120 cd / mm 2 , and 140 cd / mm 2 Bar graphs 3800A to 3800D show the monocular effective add-on values ​​for different effective add-on values ​​at different luminance levels. 9 cd / mm 2 , 36 cd / mm 2 , 120 cd / mm 2 , 140 cd / mm 2The effective added refractive power and monocular DOF of the low-added hyperopia correction lens 402H, the medium-added hyperopia correction lens 1102H, and the high-added hyperopia correction lens 2702H were compared at various brightness levels. As shown in Figures 38A to 38D, the medium-added and high-added hyperopia correction lenses 2702H, which have a second SPHA 2712H and / or a second added optical region 2704H that depend on refractive error correction, performed better at low brightness levels (e.g., 9 cd / mm²). 2 With the exception of the moderately added hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in ), it has lower effective added refractive power for all brightness levels. Furthermore, the high added hyperopia correcting lens 2702H has less interocular disparity. Figures 38A to 38D show the lower intraocular disparity of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H compared to the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H, by comparing (or subtracting) the high added effective added refractive power and moderate added effective added refractive power of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H with the high added effective added refractive power and moderate added effective added refractive power of the hyperopia correcting lens 1102H.

[0147] Figures 39A to 39D show the refractive power profiles of the different multifocal contact lens systems 400, 1100, and 2700 in Figures 4, 11, and 27, respectively, representing the low-addition hyperopia correction lens 402H, the medium-addition hyperopia correction lens 1102H, and the high-addition hyperopia correction lens 2702H, with a refractive power of 9 cd / mm². 2 , 36 cd / mm 2 , 120 cd / mm 2 , and 140 cd / mm 2 Bar graphs 3900A–3900D show the monocular DOF for different effective additional refractive powers at different luminance levels. No substantial differences in DOF were identified.

[0148] Figures 40A to 40F are exemplary plots of the difference in monocular visual performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) myopia-correcting lens 402M and hyperopia-correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 of Figure 27, compared with myopia-correcting lens 2702M and hyperopia-correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 of Figure 4.

[0149] In this regard, Figures 40A to 40C are exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition myopia corrector lens 402M, represented by the respective low-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-A in Figure 28A for a low-addition marking of +0.75D, 4000A, 4000B, and 4000B, respectively, compared with the monocular performance plots 600A to 600C in Figures 6A to 6C for the corresponding different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition myopia corrector lens 2702M for the corresponding low-addition marking of +0.75D. Figures 40D to 40F show exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition hyperopia corrector lens 2702H, represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-F in Figure 28D for a corresponding low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, compared with the plots of monocular performance 4000D to 600F in Figures 6D to 6F for the corresponding different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the low-addition hyperopia corrector lens 402H for a corresponding low-addition marked refractive power of +0.75D, represented by the respective low-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-F in Figure 28D.

[0150] As shown in the monocular vision performance plots 4000D-400F in Figures 40D-40F, the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 of Figure 27 also exhibits better distance vision performance compared to the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 of Figure 4 for low-addition marked refractive power. However, the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 of Figure 4 exhibits slightly better near vision than the low-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 of Figure 27 for low-addition marked refractive power. This is partly due to the added optical area radius (diameter D) of the myopia correcting lens 2702M in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 of Figure 27. C3 Compared to half of the above, the additional optical area radius (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 in Figure 27. C4 This is due to a reduction in the radius of the additional optical area (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H. C4 Half of this reduces the amount of light received in the hyperopic pupil through the second additional optical region 2704H when focused at close range.

[0151] Figures 41A to 41C are exemplary plots 4100A, 4100B, and 4100C of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the moderate myopia correcting lens 2702M, represented by the respective moderate myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-B in Figure 28B for a moderate added power of +1.75D, compared with the monocular performance plots 700A to 700C in Figures 7A to 7C for the corresponding different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the moderate myopia correcting lens 402M for a corresponding moderate added power of +1.75D. Figures 41D–41F are exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the intermediate hyperopia corrector lens 2702H, represented by the respective 10% intermediate hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-E in Figure 28E, compared with the monocular performance plots 700D–70F of the intermediate hyperopia corrector lens 402H for a corresponding intermediate added power of +1.75D, represented by the intermediate added power profiles 2802H-E in Figure 28E.

[0152] As shown in the monocular vision performance plots 4100D to 4100F in Figures 41D to 242F, the medium-power hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 of Figure 27 exhibits better distance vision performance compared to the medium-power hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 of Figure 4 with respect to the medium-power added refractive power. However, the medium-power hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 of Figure 4 exhibits slightly better near vision than the medium-power hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 of Figure 27 with respect to the medium-power added refractive power. This is partly due to the added optical area radius (diameter D) of the myopia correcting lens 2702M in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 of Figure 27. C3Compared to half of the above, the additional optical area radius (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 in Figure 27. C4 This is due to a reduction in the radius of the additional optical area (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H. C4 Half of this reduces the amount of light received in the hyperopic pupil through the second additional optical region 2704H when focused at close range.

[0153] Figures 42A to 42C are exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the high-addition myopia corrector lens 402M, represented by the respective high-addition myopia refractive power profiles 2802M-C in Figure 28C for a high-addition marking of +2.5D, 4200A, 4200B, and 4200B, compared with the monocular performance plots 800A to 800C in Figures 8A to 8C for the corresponding different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the high-addition myopia corrector lens 2702M for the corresponding high-addition marking of +2.5D. Figures 42D to 42F show exemplary plots of the difference in monocular performance as luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters) between different refractive error correction prescriptions (Rx) of the high-addition hyperopia corrector lens 2702H, represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-F in Figure 28F, compared with the monocular performance plots 800D to 800F of the high-addition hyperopia corrector lens 402H for a corresponding high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D, represented by the respective high-addition hyperopia refractive power profiles 2802H-F in Figure 28F, compared with the monocular performance plots 800D to 800F of the high-addition hyperopia corrector lens 402H for a corresponding high-addition marked refractive power of +2.5D, represented by the luminance difference plotted as a function of convergence eye movement (in diopters).

[0154] As shown in the monocular vision performance plots 4200D to 42F (Figures 42D to 42F), the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H of the multifocal contact lens system 2700 in Figure 27 exhibits better distance vision performance compared to the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 402H of the multifocal contact lens system 400 in Figure 4 with respect to high-addition marked refractive power. Furthermore, the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 in Figure 27 exhibits slightly better near vision than the high-addition hyperopia correcting lens 402H in the multifocal contact lens system 400 in Figure 4 with respect to high-addition marked refractive power. This is partly due to the additional optical area radius (diameter D) of the myopia correcting lens 2702M in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 in Figure 27. C3 Compared to half of the above, the additional optical area radius (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H in the multifocal contact lens system 2700 in Figure 27. C4 This is due to a reduction in the radius of the additional optical area (diameter D) of the hyperopia correcting lens 2702H. C4 Half of this reduces the amount of light received in the hyperopic pupil through the second additional optical region 2704H when focused at close range.

[0155] While the above embodiments relate to exemplary contact lens systems, contact lens pairs, and individual contact lenses, it should be noted that such embodiments are not limited to contact lenses and can be applied to any type of lens and related lens systems and pairs.

[0156] It is important to note that the lens designs of this disclosure may be incorporated into any number of different contact lenses formed from any number of materials. Specifically, the lens designs of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, daily disposable contact lenses, hard gas permeable contact lenses, multifocal contact lenses, toric contact lenses, and hybrid contact lenses, and any of the contact lenses described herein may be used. Furthermore, although this disclosure describes contact lenses, it is important to note that the concepts of this disclosure may be applied to spectacle lenses, intraocular lenses, corneal inlays, and onlays.

[0157] This disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Certain terms are used herein, but they are used in a general and descriptive sense, not for restrictive purposes. A person skilled in the art will understand the concepts of this disclosure and recognize applications of those concepts not specifically addressed herein by reading the following description in reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below represent the information necessary to enable a person skilled in the art to implement this disclosure and represent the best form of implementation. These concepts and uses are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. Many modifications and other embodiments of this disclosure described herein will be conceivable to a person skilled in the art to which this disclosure relates, who has an interest in the teachings presented in the foregoing description and the associated drawings. Modifications and other embodiments are shown and described in what is considered the most practical and specific embodiment disclosed, but are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that deviations from the specific designs and methods described and illustrated may be presented to them and used without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

[0158] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered sections.

[0159] 1. A contact lens system, Multiple myopia-correcting lenses, each having a myopia refractive power profile, A first additional optical region having a first additional region refractive power profile that includes a myopic paraxial refractive power selected to substantially correct myopic refractive error and a first additional refractive power (additional refractive power), A first transition optical region surrounding the first additional optical region, the first transition optical region including a first transition optical region having a myopic progressive refractive power profile, Multiple myopia-correcting lenses, wherein the myopia refractive power profile includes the first additional region refractive power profile and the myopia progressive refractive power profile, and the myopia refractive power profile includes the first spherical aberration (SPHA), and Multiple hyperopia correcting lenses, each having a hyperopia refractive power profile, A second additional optical region having a second additional region refractive power profile including a second additional region refractive power profile that includes a second additional refractive power and a second additional refractive power selected to substantially correct the hyperopic refractive error, A second transition optical region surrounding the second additional optical region, the second transition optical region having a hyperopic progressive refractive power profile, The hyperopia refractive power profile comprises a plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses, the hyperopia refractive power profile having a second additional region refractive power profile and the hyperopia progressive refractive power profile, and the hyperopia refractive power profile having a second SPHA. A contact lens system in which the second SPHA of each of the plurality of hyperopia-correcting lenses is at least 10 percent (10%) smaller than the first SPHA of each of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses. 2. The contact lens system described in item 1, wherein the second SPHA of each of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses is 10 percent to 20 percent smaller than the first SPHA of each of the multiple myopia-correcting lenses. 3. Each of the multiple myopia-correcting lenses has a first SPHA that targets the average first eyeball SPHA of the myopic population. The contact lens system according to item 1, wherein the second SPHA of each of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses targets the average SPHA of the second eyeball of a population of hyperopic individuals. 4. The first SPHA of each of the multiple myopia-correcting lenses is the first residual SPHA from the first eyeball SPHA relative to the average SPHA of the target in the population of myopic individuals. The second SPHA of each of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses is the second residual SPHA from the second eyeball SPHA relative to the average SPHA of the target in the group of hyperopic individuals. The contact lens system described in item 3, wherein the first residual SPHA is the second residual SPHA. 5. At least one of the multiple myopia-correcting lenses has a myopia refractive power profile that provides a first labeled refractive power of at least +1.5 diopters (D), At least one of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses has a respective hyperopia refractive power profile that provides the first marked refractive power, The contact lens system according to item 1, wherein the second additional refractive power of at least one of the plurality of hyperopia-correcting lenses is at least +0.2D less than the first additional refractive power of at least one of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses. 6. At least one of the multiple myopia correction lenses is One or more medium-addition refractive power myopia correcting lenses, each including a myopia refractive power profile that provides a medium-addition labeled refractive power of +1.5 diopters (D) to +1.99 D, One or more high-addition refractive power myopia correcting lenses, each including a myopia refractive power profile that provides a high-addition marked refractive power of +2.0 to +2.5D, At least one of the multiple hyperopia correcting lenses is One or more medium-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses, each including a hyperopia refractive power profile that provides the medium-addition marked refractive power, A high-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lens comprising one or more high-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses, each including a hyperopia refractive power profile that provides the high-addition marked refractive power, The second additional refractive power of the one or more medium-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses is at least +0.2D diopters smaller than the first additional refractive power of the one or more medium-addition refractive power myopia correcting lenses. The contact lens system according to item 5, wherein the second additional refractive power of the one or more high additional refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses is at least +0.2 D diopters less than the first additional refractive power of the one or more high additional refractive power myopia correcting lenses. 7. The contact lens system according to item 6, wherein the second additional refractive power of one or more medium-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses is at least +0.3D diopters less than the first additional refractive power of one or more medium-addition refractive power myopia correcting lenses. 8. The contact lens system described in item 1, wherein the second SPHA for each of the multiple hyperopia-correcting lenses is the same. 9. For each of the multiple myopia correction lenses, The first additional optical region is arranged around the first optical axis, The first SPHA is the spherical aberration in the myopic refractive power profile, and is a function of the radius with respect to the first optical axis. For each of the multiple hyperopia correcting lenses, The second additional optical region is arranged around the second optical axis, The second SPHA is the spherical aberration in the hyperopic refractive power profile, and is a function of the radius with respect to the second optical axis. The first SPHA of each of the multiple myopia-correcting lenses is -0.064 diopters (D) / millimeter (mm) 2 (D / mm 2 )~-0.096D / mm 2 And, The second SPHA of each of the multiple hyperopia correcting lenses is -0.073D / mm 2 ~-0.111D / mm 2 The contact lens system described in item 1. 10. The plurality of myopia-correcting lenses include one or more myopia-correcting lenses having a myopia refractive power profile that includes a first marked refractive power, The plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses include one or more hyperopia correcting lenses having the hyperopia refractive power profile that includes the first marked refractive power, The contact lens system according to item 1, wherein the first marked refractive power of one or more hyperopia-correcting lenses is reduced by 0 to +0.50 diopters (D) compared to the first marked refractive power of one or more myopia-correcting lenses. 11. The contact lens system described in item 10, wherein the depth of focus (DOF) of one or more hyperopia-correcting lenses changes by +0.05D to -0.25D relative to the DOF of one or more myopia-correcting lenses. 12. The multiple myopia correction lenses in question One or more low-addition myopia correcting lenses among the plurality of myopia correcting lenses, having a myopia refractive power profile that includes a low-addition labeled refractive power of +0.5 diopters (D) to +1.49D, One or more intermediate-addition myopia correcting lenses among the plurality of myopia correcting lenses, having a myopia refractive power profile that includes an intermediate-addition labeled refractive power of +1.5D to +1.99D, and The present invention includes one or more high-addition myopia correcting lenses among the plurality of myopia correcting lenses, which have a myopia refractive power profile that includes a moderate-addition labeled refractive power of +2.0D to +2.5D diopters, The multiple hyperopia correcting lenses in question One or more low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses among the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses, having a hyperopia refractive power profile that includes the low-addition labeled refractive power, One or more intermediate-addition hyperopia correcting lenses among the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses, having a hyperopia refractive power profile that includes the intermediate-addition-labeled refractive power, One or more high-value hyperopia correcting lenses among the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses, having a hyperopia refractive power profile that includes the high-value labeled refractive power, The refractive power of the one or more low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses is reduced to 0D to +0.15D compared to the refractive power of the one or more low-addition myopia correcting lenses. The refractive power of the one or more moderately added hyperopia correcting lenses is reduced to +0.20D to +0.50D compared to the refractive power of the one or more moderately added myopia correcting lenses. The contact lens system according to item 1, wherein the high-power labeling refractive power of one or more moderate-power hyperopia correcting lenses is reduced to +0.15D to -0.15D relative to the high-power labeling refractive power of one or more moderate-power myopia correcting lenses. 13. The depth of focus (DOF) of one or more low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses changes by +0.10D to -0.10D relative to the DOF of one or more low-addition myopia correcting lenses. The intermediate DOF of one or more intermediate-addition hyperopia-correcting lenses changes by +0.05D to -0.25D relative to the intermediate-addition DOF of one or more intermediate-addition myopia-correcting lenses. The contact lens system described in item 12, wherein the high-power DOF of one or more high-power hyperopia correcting lenses changes by +0.15D to -0.15D relative to the high-power DOF of one or more high-power myopia correcting lenses. 14. For each of the multiple hyperopia correcting lenses, The second additional optical region is arranged around the second optical a...

Claims

1. A contact lens system, Multiple myopia-correcting lenses, each having a myopia refractive power profile, A first additional optical region having a first additional region refractive power profile comprising a myopic paraxial refractive power and a first additional refractive power selected to substantially correct myopic refractive error, A first transition optical region surrounding the first additional optical region, the first transition optical region comprising a first transition optical region having a myopic progressive refractive power profile, The myopia refractive power profile comprises the first additional region refractive power profile and the myopia progressive refractive power profile, and the myopia refractive power profile includes a first spherical aberration (SPHA), and a plurality of myopia correcting lenses, Multiple hyperopia correcting lenses, each having a hyperopia refractive power profile, A second additional optical region having a second additional region refractive power profile comprising a hyperopic paraxial refractive power and a second additional refractive power selected to substantially correct hyperopic refractive error, A second transition optical region surrounding the second additional optical region, the second transition optical region comprising a second transition optical region having a hyperopic progressive refractive power profile, The hyperopia correction lens comprises a plurality of hyperopia correction lenses, wherein the hyperopia refractive power profile includes the second additional region refractive power profile and the hyperopia progressive refractive power profile, and the hyperopia refractive power profile has a second SPHA. A contact lens system in which the second SPHA of each of the plurality of hyperopia-correcting lenses is at least 10 percent (10%) smaller than the first SPHA of each of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses.

2. The contact lens system according to claim 1, wherein the second SPHA of each of the plurality of hyperopia-correcting lenses is 10 percent to 20 percent smaller than the first SPHA of each of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses.

3. Each of the aforementioned multiple myopia-correcting lenses has a first SPHA that targets the average first eyeball SPHA of a population of myopic individuals. The contact lens system according to claim 1, wherein the second SPHA of each of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses targets the average second eyeball SPHA of a population of hyperopic individuals.

4. The first SPHA of each of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses is the first residual SPHA from the first eyeball SPHA with respect to the average SPHA of the target for the population of myopic individuals, The second SPHA of each of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses is the second residual SPHA from the second eyeball SPHA with respect to the average SPHA of the target for the group of hyperopic individuals, The contact lens system according to claim 3, wherein the first residual SPHA is the second residual SPHA.

5. At least one of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses has the respective myopia refractive power profile that provides a first labeled refractive power of at least +1.5 diopters (D), At least one of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses has the respective hyperopia refractive power profiles that provide the first marked refractive power, The contact lens system according to claim 1, wherein the second additional refractive power of at least one of the plurality of hyperopia-correcting lenses is at least +0.2D less than the first additional refractive power of at least one of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses.

6. At least one of the plurality of myopia correcting lenses is One or more intermediate-addition refractive power myopia correcting lenses, each having the myopia refractive power profile, providing intermediate-addition labeled refractive powers from +1.5 diopters (D) to +1.99 D, A high-addition refractive power myopia correcting lens comprising one or more high-addition refractive power myopia correcting lenses, each having a myopia refractive power profile that provides a high-addition refractive power of +2.0 to +2.5D, At least one of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses is One or more intermediate-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses, each comprising the respective hyperopia refractive power profile that provides the intermediate-addition marked refractive power, A high-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lens comprising one or more high-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses, each having a hyperopia refractive power profile that provides the high-addition refractive power, The second additional refractive power of the one or more medium-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses is at least +0.2 D diopters smaller than the first additional refractive power of the one or more medium-addition refractive power myopia correcting lenses. The contact lens system according to claim 5, wherein the second additional refractive power of the one or more high additional refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses is at least +0.2 D diopters smaller than the first additional refractive power of the one or more high additional refractive power myopia correcting lenses.

7. The contact lens system according to claim 6, wherein the second additional refractive power of the one or more medium additional refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses is at least +0.3 D diopters smaller than the first additional refractive power of the one or more medium additional refractive power myopia correcting lenses.

8. The contact lens system according to claim 1, wherein the second SPHA is the same for each of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses.

9. For each of the aforementioned multiple myopia correction lenses, The first additional optical region is arranged around the first optical axis, The first SPHA is the spherical aberration in the myopic refractive power profile, and is a function of the radius with respect to the first optical axis. For each of the aforementioned multiple hyperopia correcting lenses, The second additional optical region is arranged around the second optical axis, The second SPHA is the spherical aberration in the hyperopic refractive power profile, and is a function of the radius with respect to the second optical axis. The first SPHA of each of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses is -0.064 diopters (D) / millimeter (mm) ２ (D / mm ２ )~-0.096D / mm ２ And, The second SPHA of each of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses is -0.073 D / mm ２ ~-0.111D / mm ２ The contact lens system according to claim 1.

10. The plurality of myopia correcting lenses comprises one or more myopia correcting lenses having the myopia refractive power profile having the first labeling refractive power, The plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses comprises one or more hyperopia correcting lenses having the hyperopia refractive power profile that includes the first marked refractive power, The contact lens system according to claim 1, wherein the first marked refractive power of one or more hyperopia correcting lenses is reduced by 0 to +0.50 diopters (D) with respect to the first marked refractive power of one or more myopia correcting lenses.

11. The contact lens system according to claim 10, wherein the depth of focus (DOF) of one or more hyperopia-correcting lenses changes by +0.05D to -0.25D relative to the DOF of one or more myopia-correcting lenses.

12. The aforementioned multiple myopia-correcting lenses One or more low-addition myopia correcting lenses among the plurality of myopia correcting lenses, having a myopia refractive power profile with a low-addition labeling refractive power of +0.5 diopters (D) to +1.49 D, One or more intermediate-addition myopia correcting lenses among the plurality of myopia correcting lenses, having a myopia refractive power profile with an intermediate-addition labeling refractive power of +1.5D to +1.99D, The system comprises one or more high-addition myopia correcting lenses among the plurality of myopia correcting lenses, having a myopia refractive power profile with a medium-addition labeling refractive power of +2.0D to +2.5D diopters, The aforementioned multiple hyperopia correcting lenses One or more low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses among the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses, having the hyperopia refractive power profile with the low-addition labeling and added refractive power, One or more intermediate-addition hyperopia correcting lenses among the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses, having the hyperopia refractive power profile with the intermediate-addition label and added refractive power, The system comprises one or more high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses among the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses, having the hyperopia refractive power profile with the high-addition labeling refractive power, The refractive power of the one or more low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses is reduced to 0D to +0.15D compared to the refractive power of the one or more low-addition myopia correcting lenses. The refractive power of the one or more intermediate-addition hyperopia correcting lenses is reduced to +0.20D to +0.50D compared to the refractive power of the one or more intermediate-addition myopia correcting lenses. The contact lens system according to claim 1, wherein the high-addition labeling refractive power of one or more moderate-addition hyperopia correcting lenses is reduced to +0.15D to -0.15D relative to the high-addition labeling refractive power of one or more moderate-addition myopia correcting lenses.

13. For each of the aforementioned multiple hyperopia correcting lenses, The second additional optical region is arranged around the second optical axis, Each of the aforementioned multiple hyperopia correcting lenses is A low-addition hyperopic refractive power profile, The second additional optical region having a second low-addition additional optical region diameter of 0 to 0.23 mm, The second transition optics region, A first and second low-addition transition optical region, wherein the first radius with respect to the second optical axis is 0.23 to 0.44 mm and the second additional refractive power is +0.002 diopters (D) to +0.003 D, A second low-addition transition optical region, wherein the second radius with respect to the second optical axis is 0.44 mm to 0.67 mm and the second additional refractive power is +0.0005 D to +0.001 D, A third, second low-addition transition optical region, wherein the second radius with respect to the second optical axis is 0.67 mm to 2.0 mm and the second additional refractive power is +0.0005 D to +0.001 D, A low-addition hyperopic refractive power profile comprising: a second transition optical region comprising: a second low-addition final hyperopic optical region estimated paraxial refractive power of +0.336D to +0.537D relative to the paraxial refractive power of the refractive necessity; This is a moderately added hyperopic refractive power profile, The second additional optical region having a second intermediate additional optical region diameter of 0 mm to 0.73 mm, and the second additional optical region having a second intermediate additional optical region diameter, The second transition optics region, The first and second intermediate addition transition optical regions have a first radius of 0.73 mm to 0.98 mm with respect to the second optical axis and a second additional refractive power of +0.343 D to +0.425 D, A second intermediate addition transition optics region, wherein the second radius with respect to the second optical axis is 0.98 mm to 1.38 mm, and the second additional refractive power is +0.262 D to +0.344 D, A third, second intermediate addition transition optical region, wherein the second radius with respect to the second optical axis is 1.38 mm to 2.0 mm and the second additional refractive power is +0.060 to +0.142 D, A second transition optical region comprising: a second paraxial refractive power estimated for the intermediate-addition final far-field optical region, which is +0.259D to +0.460D relative to the paraxial refractive power of the refraction requirement; and an intermediate-addition hyperopic refractive power profile comprising: A high-addition hyperopic refractive power profile, The second additional optical region having a second high-addition additional optical region diameter of 0 mm to 0.59 mm, The second transition optics region, The first and second high-addition transition optical regions have a first radius of 0.59 mm to 0.87 mm with respect to the second optical axis and a second additional refractive power of +0.845 D to +1.045 D, A second high-addition transition optical region, wherein the second radius with respect to the second optical axis is 0.87 mm to 1.33 mm and the second additional refractive power is +0.646 D to +0.846 D, A third, second high-addition transition optical region, wherein the second radius with respect to the second optical axis is 1.33 mm to 2.0 mm and the second additional refractive power is +0.149 D to +0.349 D, The contact lens system according to claim 1, comprising a group consisting of: a second transition optical region comprising: a second estimated paraxial refractive power of a high-addition final far-field optical region having a paraxial refractive power of +0.428D to +0.629D with respect to the paraxial refractive power of the refraction requirement; and a high-addition hyperopic refractive power profile comprising:

14. For each of the aforementioned multiple myopia correction lenses, The first additional optical region is arranged around the first optical axis, Each of the above-mentioned multiple myopia correction lenses is A low added myopic refractive power profile, The first additional optical region having a first low additional optical region diameter of 0 mm to 0.23 mm, and the first additional optical region having a first low additional optical region diameter, The first transition optics region, A first low-addition transition optical region, wherein the first radius with respect to the first optical axis is 0.23 to 0.44 mm and the first additional refractive power is +0.002 D to +0.003 D, A second, first low-addition transition optical region, wherein the first radius with respect to the first optical axis is 0.44 mm to 0.67 mm and the first additional refractive power is +0.002 D to +0.003 D, A third, first low-addition transition optical region, wherein the first radius with respect to the first optical axis is 0.67 mm to 2.0 mm and the first additional refractive power is +0.0005 D to +0.001 D, A low-addition myopia refractive power profile comprising: a first low-addition final distance optical region estimated paraxial refractive power of +0.336D to +0.537D relative to the paraxial refractive power of the refractive necessity; and a first transition optical region comprising: This is a moderate myopic refractive power profile, The first additional optical region having a first intermediate additional optical region diameter of 0 mm to 0.78 mm, and the first additional optical region having a first intermediate additional optical region diameter, The first transition optics region, A first intermediate addition transition optical region having a first radius with respect to the first optical axis of 0.78 mm to 1.06 mm and a first additional refractive power of +0.343 D to +0.425 D, A first intermediate addition transition optical region having a first radius with respect to the first optical axis of 1.06 mm to 1.49 mm and a first additional refractive power of +0.262 D to +0.344 D, A third, first intermediate addition transition optical region, wherein the first radius with respect to the first optical axis is 1.49 mm to 2.0 mm and the first additional refractive power is +0.060 D to +0.142 D, A first transition optical region comprising: a first paraxial refractive power estimated for the intermediate-addition final distance optical region, which is +0.559D to +0.760D relative to the paraxial refractive power of the refraction requirement; and an intermediate-addition myopia refractive power profile comprising: A high-addition myopic refractive power profile, The first additional optical region having a first high-addition additional optical region diameter of 0 mm to 0.64 mm, The first transition optics region, A first high-addition transition optical region, wherein the first radius with respect to the first optical axis is 0.64 mm to 0.94 mm and the first additional refractive power is +0.845 D to +1.045 D, A first high-addition transition optical region, wherein the first radius with respect to the first optical axis is 0.94 mm to 1.43 mm and the first additional refractive power is +0.646 D to +0.846 D, A third, first high-addition transition optical region, wherein the first radius with respect to the first optical axis is 1.43 mm to 2.0 mm and the first additional refractive power is +0.149 D to +0.349 D, The contact lens system according to claim 13, having a myopic refractive power profile comprising the group consisting of: a first transition optical region comprising: a first high-addition myopic refractive power profile comprising: a first high-addition myopic refractive power profile comprising: a first high-addition final distance optical region estimated paraxial refractive power of +0.628D to +0.828D with respect to the paraxial refractive power of the refraction requirement.

15. The hyperopia refractive power profile for each of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses corresponds to an intrinsic hyperopia refractive error correction, The contact lens system according to claim 1, wherein the second SPHA for each of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses depends on the correction of the hyperopia refractive error.

16. For each of the aforementioned multiple myopia correction lenses, The first additional optical region is arranged around the first optical axis, The first SPHA is the spherical aberration in the myopic refractive power profile, and is a function of the radius with respect to the first optical axis. For each of the aforementioned multiple hyperopia correcting lenses, The second additional optical region is arranged around the second optical axis, The second SPHA is the spherical aberration in the hyperopic refractive power profile, and is a function of the radius with respect to the second optical axis. The first SPHA of each of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses is -0.064 diopters (D) / millimeter (mm) ２ ~-0.096D / mm ２ And, The second SPHAs of each of the plurality of hyperopia correction lenses are -0.053 D / mm ２ to -0.146 D / mm ２ The contact lens system according to claim 15, wherein the contact lens system is as described above.

17. For each of the aforementioned multiple hyperopia correcting lenses, The second SPHA is as follows: a. Low-addition lens: D / mm ２ SPHA = -0.003972 ＊ Rx - 0.1118, where Rx is a diopter. b. Additional lens: D / mm ２ SPHA = -0.003884 ＊ Rx - 0.0902, where Rx is a diopter. c. High-value lenses: D / mm ２ SPHA = -0.009384 ＊ Rx - 0.0638, where Rx is a diopter. The contact lens system according to claim 15, which depends on the correction of the refractive error of hyperopia.

18. The plurality of myopia correcting lenses comprises one or more myopia correcting lenses having the myopia refractive power profile having the first labeling refractive power, The plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses comprises one or more hyperopia correcting lenses having the hyperopia refractive power profile including the first marked refractive power, and The contact lens system according to claim 15, wherein the first marked refractive power of one or more hyperopia correcting lenses is reduced by 0 diopters (D) to +0.65 D compared to the first marked refractive power of one or more myopia correcting lenses.

19. The contact lens system according to claim 18, wherein the depth of focus (DOF) of one or more hyperopia-correcting lenses changes by +0.30D to -0.20D relative to the DOF of one or more myopia-correcting lenses.

20. The aforementioned multiple myopia-correcting lenses One or more low-addition myopia correcting lenses among the plurality of myopia correcting lenses, having a myopia refractive power profile with a low-addition labeling refractive power of +0.5 diopters (D) to +1.49 D, One or more intermediate-addition myopia correcting lenses among the plurality of myopia correcting lenses, having a myopia refractive power profile with an intermediate-addition labeling refractive power of +1.5D to +1.99D, The system comprises one or more high-addition myopia correcting lenses from among the plurality of myopia correcting lenses, having a myopia refractive power profile with a medium-addition labeling refractive power of +2.0D to +2.5D, The aforementioned multiple hyperopia correcting lenses One or more low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses among the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses, having the hyperopia refractive power profile with the low-addition labeling and added refractive power, One or more intermediate-addition hyperopia correcting lenses among the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses, having the hyperopia refractive power profile with the intermediate-addition label and added refractive power, The system comprises one or more high-addition hyperopia correcting lenses among the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses, having the hyperopia refractive power profile with the high-addition labeling refractive power, The refractive power of the one or more low-addition hyperopia correcting lenses is reduced to 0D to +0.15D compared to the refractive power of the one or more low-addition myopia correcting lenses. The refractive power of the one or more intermediate-addition hyperopia correcting lenses is reduced to +0.20D to +0.50D compared to the refractive power of the one or more intermediate-addition myopia correcting lenses. The contact lens system according to claim 15, wherein the high-addition labeling refractive power of one or more moderate-addition hyperopia correcting lenses is reduced to +0.40D to +0.65D relative to the high-addition labeling refractive power of one or more moderate-addition myopia correcting lenses.

21. A contact lens system, Multiple myopia-correcting lenses, each having a myopia refractive power profile, A first additional optical region having a first additional region diameter, wherein the first additional optical region has a first additional region refractive power profile comprising a myopic paraxial refractive power and a first additional refractive power selected to substantially correct myopic refractive error, A plurality of myopia-correcting lenses comprising: a first transition optical region surrounding the first additional optical region, wherein the first transition optical region has a myopia progressive refractive power profile; Multiple hyperopia correcting lenses, each having a hyperopia refractive power profile, A second additional optical region having a second additional optical region diameter, the second additional optical region having a second additional region refractive power profile comprising a second additional region refractive power and a second additional refractive power selected to substantially correct the hyperopic refractive error, A plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses comprising: a second transition optical region surrounding the second additional optical region, wherein the second transition optical region has a hyperopia progressive refractive power profile; and A contact lens system in which the diameter of the second additional region is at least 2% smaller than the diameter of the first additional region.

22. The diameter of the first additional region for each of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses is based on the average pupil diameter of the target population of myopic individuals. The contact lens system according to claim 21, wherein the second additional area diameter for each of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses is based on the average pupil diameter of the target for a population of hyperopic individuals.

23. At least one of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses has the respective myopia refractive power profile that provides a first labeled refractive power of at least +1.5 diopters (D), At least one of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses has the respective hyperopia-correcting power profiles that provide the first label-adding refractive power, The contact lens system according to claim 21, wherein the second additional refractive power of at least one of the plurality of hyperopia-correcting lenses is at least +0.2D less than the first additional refractive power of at least one of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses.

24. At least one of the plurality of myopia correcting lenses is One or more intermediate-addition refractive power myopia correcting lenses, each having the myopia refractive power profile, providing intermediate-addition labeled refractive powers from +1.5 diopters (D) to +1.99 D, A high-addition refractive power myopia correcting lens comprising one or more high-addition refractive power myopia correcting lenses, each having the myopia refractive power profile described above, which provides a high-addition refractive power of +2.0D to +2.5D, At least one of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses is One or more intermediate-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses, each comprising the respective hyperopia refractive power profile that provides the intermediate-addition marked refractive power, A high-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lens comprising one or more high-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses, each having a hyperopia refractive power profile that provides the high-addition refractive power, The second additional refractive power of the one or more medium-addition refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses is at least 0.2D smaller than the first additional refractive power of the one or more medium-addition refractive power myopia correcting lenses. The contact lens system according to claim 23, wherein the second additional refractive power of the one or more high additional refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses is at least 0.2D smaller than the first additional refractive power of the one or more high additional refractive power myopia correcting lenses.

25. The contact lens system according to claim 24, wherein the second additional refractive power of the one or more medium additional refractive power hyperopia correcting lenses is at least +0.3 D diopters smaller than the first additional refractive power of the one or more medium additional refractive power myopia correcting lenses.

26. The contact lens system according to claim 21, wherein the diameter of the second additional region is the same for each of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses.

27. The diameter of the first additional region for each of the plurality of myopia-correcting lenses is 0 to 0.78 millimeters (mm), and The contact lens system according to claim 21, wherein the diameter of the second additional region for each of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses is 0 to 0.73 mm.

28. The hyperopic refractive power profile comprises the second additional region refractive power profile and the hyperopic progressive refractive power profile, The hyperopia refractive power profile for each of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses corresponds to an intrinsic hyperopia refractive error correction, and The contact lens system according to claim 21, wherein the diameter of the second additional region for each of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses depends on the correction of the hyperopia refractive error.

29. The contact lens system according to claim 28, wherein the diameter of the second additional region of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses continues to decrease as the hyperopia refractive error correction of the plurality of hyperopia correcting lenses increases in diopters.

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