Image forming device

Abstract

To provide an image forming device enabling suppression of reduction in image density caused by toner which is adhered to the surface of an image holding body due to a potential difference between the image holding body and a developer holding body and consumed, at the start or end of the image forming operation in the image density control for controlling the image density by supplying the toner to the inside of a developing device.SOLUTION: An image forming device comprise: an image holding body holding an image; developing means developing an image held by the image holding body with a developer; and developer supplementing means which is the means for supplying the developer to the developing means and predicts beforehand the quantity of the developer consumed other than the developer consumed at the start or end of the image formation by the image holding body and supplies the toner of the predicted quantity.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus. [Background technology]

[0002] 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a technique for replenishing a developer to a developing device in an image forming apparatus, for example, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 has already been proposed.

[0003] Patent document 1 discloses a device that is configured to include a supply amount prediction means for predicting the amount of replenishment developer replenished from a replenishment device to a developing device, and a forced replacement means for forcibly consuming toner in the developing device by supplying it to an image carrier when the replenishment amount predicted by the replenishment amount prediction means is less than a predetermined value, and forcibly replenishes replenishment developer from the replenishment device to the developing device. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2006-301537 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The object of this invention is to suppress a decrease in image density caused by toner adhering to the surface of an image carrier and being consumed due to the potential difference between an image carrier and a developer carrier at the start or end of an image forming operation in an image density control operation in which toner is supplied inside a developing device to control image density. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The invention described in claim 1 comprises an image carrier for carrying an image, a developing means for developing the image on the image carrier with a developer; a developer supplying means for supplying the developer to the developing means, the developer supplying means predicting in advance an amount of the developer to be consumed separately from the image formation at the start or end of the image formation by the image carrier, and supplying the developer; A detection means for detecting a developer concentration inside the developing means; having The developer supplying means is When the density of the image held on the image carrier is equal to or lower than a predetermined density, A supply amount of the developer is calculated from the developer concentration detected by the detection means. At the same time, The amount of developer to be replenished is also calculated from pixel information of the image held on the image carrier. death, When the density of the image held on the image carrier exceeds a predetermined density, a replenishment amount of the developer is calculated from pixel information of the image held on the image carrier. This is an image forming apparatus.

[0007] The invention described in claim 2 is an image forming apparatus described in claim 1, wherein the developer supply means predicts in advance the amount of developer to be consumed separately from the image formation at the start or end of image formation by the image carrier depending on the characteristics of the developer and supplies the developer.

[0008] The invention described in claim 3 is an image forming apparatus described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the developer supply means predicts in advance the amount of developer to be consumed separately from the image formation and replenishes the developer when the density of the image held on the image carrier is below a predetermined density.

[0009] In the invention described in claim 4, the developer supplying means is The amount of the developer consumed separately from the image formation is added to the supply amount of the developer as corresponding pixel information. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.

[0010] The invention described in claim 5 further comprises an environment detection unit for detecting an environmental condition in which the image forming apparatus is installed, The developer supplying means corrects an amount of the developer consumed separately from the image formation in accordance with a detection result of the environment detecting means. 1 or 2 The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,

[0011] The invention described in claim 6 further comprises a first usage history detection means for detecting a usage history of the developing means, 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developer replenishing means corrects an amount of the developer consumed separately from the image formation in accordance with a detection result of the first usage history detecting means.

[0012] The invention described in claim 7 is an image forming apparatus described in claim 6, wherein the developer supply means corrects the amount of developer consumed separately from the image formation to increase as the detection result of the first usage history detection means increases.

[0013] The invention described in claim 8 further comprises a second usage history detection means for detecting a usage history of the image carrier, 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developer replenishing means corrects an amount of the developer consumed separately from the image formation in accordance with a detection result of the second usage history detecting means.

[0014] The invention described in claim 9 is an image forming apparatus described in claim 8, wherein the developer supply means corrects the amount of developer consumed separately from the image formation to increase as the detection result of the second usage history detection means increases. Effect of the Invention

[0015] According to the invention described in claim 1, in an image density control operation in which toner is supplied into the inside of a developing device to control image density, it is possible to suppress a decrease in image density caused by toner adhering to the surface of the image carrier and being consumed due to the potential difference between the image carrier and the developer carrier at the start or end of an image forming operation.

[0016] According to the invention described in claim 2, it becomes possible to predict the amount of developer consumed that matches the characteristics of the developer, compared to a case in which the amount of developer consumed is not changed according to the characteristics of the developer.

[0017] According to the invention described in claim 3, the operation of predicting the amount of developer consumption can be simplified compared to the case where the amount of developer consumption is predicted when the density of the image held on the image carrier exceeds a predetermined density.

[0018] According to the invention described in claim 4, The developer supplying means does not add the amount of developer consumed separately from image formation to the supply amount of developer as corresponding pixel information. In comparison with the case where the developer is not consumed, it is possible to replenish the developer based on the actual consumption amount.

[0019] According to the invention described in claim 5, the prediction accuracy of the developer consumption amount can be improved in response to changes in environmental conditions, compared to a case where an environmental detection means for detecting the environmental conditions in which the image forming apparatus is installed is not provided.

[0020] According to the invention described in claim 6, the prediction accuracy of the consumption amount of developer can be improved based on the usage history of the developing means, compared to a case where a detection means for detecting the usage history of the developing means is not provided.

[0021] According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the consumption amount of developer can be predicted with high accuracy in accordance with the usage history of the developing means.

[0022] According to the invention described in claim 8, the prediction accuracy of the amount of developer consumption can be improved based on the usage history of the image carrier, compared to a case where a detection means for detecting the usage history of the image carrier is not provided.

[0023] According to the invention as recited in claim 9, the consumption amount of developer can be predicted with high accuracy in accordance with the usage history of the image carrier. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an image forming apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a process cartridge as an image forming apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a developing device. [Figure 4] 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the cumulative number of printed sheets and the cumulative amount of toner consumed. [Diagram 5]11 is a graph showing the relationship between the cumulative number of printed sheets and the cumulative amount of toner consumed. [Figure 6] 1 is a block diagram showing a control device of an image forming apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 7] 5 is a flowchart showing a toner supply operation of the image forming apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 5 is a flowchart showing a toner supply operation of the image forming apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] 5 is a flowchart showing a toner supply operation of the image forming apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the cumulative number of printed sheets and the cumulative amount of toner consumed in the image forming apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a control device of an image forming apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a control device of an image forming apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a control device of an image forming apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0025] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0026] [Embodiment 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of an image forming apparatus to which a developing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an image forming device of the image forming apparatus.

[0027] <Overall configuration of image forming apparatus> The image forming apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment is configured as, for example, a color printer. As shown in Fig. 1, the image forming apparatus 1 includes a plurality of image forming devices 10 that form toner images developed with toner constituting a developer, an intermediate transfer device 20 that holds the toner images formed by each image forming device 10 and transports them to a secondary transfer position where the toner images are finally secondarily transferred onto a recording paper 5 as an example of a recording medium, a paper feed device 30 that stores and transports the required recording paper 5 to be supplied to the secondary transfer position of the intermediate transfer device 20, and a fixing device 40 that fixes the toner image on the recording paper 5 that has been secondarily transferred by the intermediate transfer device 20. In addition, 1a in the figure indicates the device body of the image forming apparatus 1. This device body 1a is formed of a support structure member, an exterior cover, etc.

[0028] The imaging device 10 is composed of four imaging devices 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K that are dedicated to forming toner images of four colors, yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K), respectively. These four imaging devices 10 (Y, M, C, and K) are arranged in a line at an angle in the internal space of the device main body 1a.

[0029] The four image forming devices 10 are composed of image forming devices 10 (Y, M, C) for colors of yellow (Y), magenta (M), and cyan (C), and a black (K) image forming device 10K. The black image forming device 10K is disposed on the most downstream side along the moving direction B of the intermediate transfer belt 21 of the intermediate transfer device 20. The image forming apparatus 1 has, as image forming modes, a full-color mode in which the color image forming devices 10 (Y, M, C) and the black (K) image forming device 10K are operated to form a full-color image, and a black-and-white mode in which only the black (K) image forming device 10K is operated to form a black-and-white (monochrome) image.

[0030] Each of the image forming devices 10 (Y, M, C, K) includes a rotating photoconductor drum 11 as an example of an image carrier, as shown in Fig. 2. Around the photoconductor drum 11, the following devices as an example of a toner image forming means are mainly arranged. The main devices are a charging device 12 that charges the image-forming peripheral surface (image bearing surface) of the photosensitive drum 11 to a required potential, an exposure device 13 that irradiates the charged peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 11 with light based on image information (signal) to form an electrostatic latent image (for each color) with a potential difference, developing devices 14 (Y, M, C, K) that develop the electrostatic latent image with developer toner of the corresponding color (Y, M, C, K) to form a toner image, primary transfer devices 15 (Y, M, C, K) as an example of a primary transfer means that transfers each toner image to the intermediate transfer device 20 (see Figure 1), and drum cleaning devices 16 (Y, M, C, K) that remove and clean toner and other deposits that remain on and adhere to the image bearing surface of the photosensitive drum 11 after the primary transfer.

[0031] The photoconductor drum 11 has an image bearing surface formed on the peripheral surface of a grounded cylindrical or columnar base material, the peripheral surface having a photoconductive layer (photosensitive layer) made of a photosensitive material. The photoconductor drum 11 is supported so as to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow A by power transmitted from a drive device (not shown).

[0032] The charging device 12 is composed of a contact-type charging roll arranged in contact with the photosensitive drum 11. A charging voltage is supplied to the charging device 12. When the developing device 14 performs reversal development, the charging voltage is a voltage or current of the same polarity as the charging polarity of the toner supplied from the developing device 14. A cleaning roll 121 that cleans the surface of the charging device 12 is arranged to be in contact with the rear side of the charging device 12. Note that the charging device 12 may be a non-contact charging device such as a scorotron arranged in a non-contact state with the surface of the photosensitive drum 11.

[0033] 1, the exposure device 13 is configured in common to each of the image forming devices 10 (Y, M, C, K) and uses a laser beam LB configured according to image information that is deflected and scanned along the axial direction of each photosensitive drum 11. Note that the exposure device 13 may of course be an LED print head that irradiates the photosensitive drum 11 with light according to image information using LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) as a plurality of light emitting elements arranged along the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 11 to form an electrostatic latent image.

[0034] Each of the developing devices 14 (Y, M, C, K) is configured by arranging a developing roll 141 that holds the developer 4 and transports it to a development area facing the photosensitive drum 11 inside an apparatus housing 140, which is an apparatus main body in which an opening and a developer storage chamber are formed, a supply transport member 142 and a stirring transport member 143 such as two screw augers that transport the developer 4 to pass through the developing roll 141 while stirring it, and a layer thickness regulating member 144 that regulates the amount (layer thickness) of the developer 4 held by the developing roll 141. In this developing device 14, a development voltage is supplied between the developing roll 141 and the photosensitive drum 11 from a power supply device (not shown). In addition, the developing roll 141, the supply transport member 142, and the stirring transport member 143 are rotated in a required direction by power transmitted from a drive device (not shown). Furthermore, a two-component developer containing a non-magnetic toner and a magnetic carrier is used as the above-mentioned four color developers 4 (Y, M, C, K). The developing device 14 will be described in detail later.

[0035] The primary transfer device 15 (Y, M, C, K) is a contact type transfer device equipped with a primary transfer roll that rotates in contact with the periphery of the photosensitive drum 11 via the intermediate transfer belt 21 and is supplied with a primary transfer voltage. As the primary transfer voltage, a DC voltage showing a polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the toner is supplied from a power supply device (not shown).

[0036] The drum cleaning device 16 is composed of a container-shaped main body 16a with an opening in one portion, a cleaning plate 16b that is arranged so as to come into contact with the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 11 after primary transfer with a required pressure and removes and cleans any remaining toner and other adhering matter, and a delivery member 16c such as a screw auger that collects the toner and other adhering matter removed by the cleaning plate 16b and transports it to a recovery system (not shown).

[0037] 1, the intermediate transfer device 20 is disposed so as to be located above each of the image forming devices 10 (Y, M, C, K). The intermediate transfer device 20 is mainly composed of an intermediate transfer belt 21 that rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow B while passing through a primary transfer position between the photosensitive drum 11 and the primary transfer device 15 (primary transfer roll), a plurality of belt support rolls 22-25 that support the intermediate transfer belt 21 in a desired state from its inner surface and rotatably support it, a secondary transfer device 26 as an example of a secondary transfer means that is disposed on the outer peripheral surface (image bearing surface) side of the intermediate transfer belt 21 supported by the belt support roll 22 and secondarily transfers the toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 21 to the recording paper 5, and a belt cleaning device 27 that removes and cleans toner, paper powder, and other deposits that remain and adhere to the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 21 after passing through the secondary transfer device 26.

[0038] The intermediate transfer belt 21 is an endless belt made of a material in which a resistance adjusting agent such as carbon black is dispersed in a synthetic resin such as polyimide resin or polyamide resin. The belt support roll 22 is configured as a back support roll for secondary transfer, the belt support roll 23 is configured as a drive roll that is rotated by a drive device (not shown), the belt support roll 24 is configured as a surface finishing roll that forms the image forming surface of the intermediate transfer belt 21, and the belt support roll 25 is configured as a tension applying roll that applies tension to the intermediate transfer belt 21. The belt support roll 23 also serves as an opposing roll that faces the belt cleaning device 27.

[0039] The secondary transfer device 26 is a contact type transfer device including a secondary transfer roll that rotates in contact with the circumferential surface of the intermediate transfer belt 21 and is supplied with a secondary transfer voltage at a secondary transfer position, which is the outer circumferential surface portion of the intermediate transfer belt 21 supported by the belt support roll 22 in the intermediate transfer device 20. A DC voltage having the same polarity as or opposite to the charge polarity of the toner is supplied as a secondary transfer voltage from a power supply device (not shown) to the secondary transfer device 26 or the belt support roll 22 of the intermediate transfer device 20.

[0040] 1, the fixing device 40 is configured by disposing, inside a housing (not shown) in which an inlet and an outlet for the recording paper 5 are formed, a heating rotator 41 in the form of a roll or belt that rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow and is heated by a heating means so that the surface temperature is maintained at a predetermined temperature, and a pressure rotator 42 in the form of a roll or belt that rotates in contact with the heating rotator 41 at a predetermined pressure substantially along the axial direction of the heating rotator 41. In the fixing device 40, the contact area where the heating rotator 41 and the pressure rotator 42 come into contact with each other becomes a fixing processing section that performs the required fixing process (heating and pressurization).

[0041] The paper feeder 30 is disposed so as to be located below the imaging devices 10 (Y, M, C, K). This paper feeder 30 is mainly composed of one (or more) paper containers 31 that contain stacks of recording paper 5 of desired sizes, types, etc., and a feeder 32 that feeds the recording paper 5 one sheet at a time from the paper container 31. The paper container 31 is attached so that it can be pulled out, for example, from the front side (left side in the drawing), which is the side that a user of the device main body 1a faces during operation.

[0042] Examples of the recording paper 5 include thin paper such as plain paper or tracing paper used in electrophotographic copiers and printers, or OHP sheets, etc. In order to further improve the smoothness of the image surface after fixing, it is preferable that the surface of the recording paper 5 is as smooth as possible, and for example, coated paper in which the surface of plain paper is coated with a resin or the like, or so-called thick paper with a relatively large basis weight such as art paper for printing can be suitably used.

[0043] Between the paper feed device 30 and the secondary transfer device 26, there is provided a paper feed conveying path 34 consisting of one or more paper conveying roll pairs 33 and conveying guides (not shown) that convey the recording paper 5 sent out from the paper feed device 30 to the secondary transfer position. The paper conveying roll pair 33 arranged at a position immediately before the secondary transfer position in the paper feed conveying path 34 is configured as, for example, a roll (registration roll) that adjusts the conveying timing of the recording paper 5. In addition, between the secondary transfer device 26 and the fixing device 40, there is provided a paper conveying path 35 for conveying the recording paper 5 sent out from the secondary transfer device 26 after the secondary transfer to the fixing device 40. Furthermore, in a portion near the paper discharge port formed in the device main body 1a, there is provided an ejection conveying path 38 equipped with a paper ejection roll pair 37 for ejecting the recording paper 5 sent out from the fixing device 40 after the fixing to a paper ejection section 36 provided at the top of the device main body 1a.

[0044] Between the fixing device 40 and the paper discharge roll pair 37, a switching gate G is provided for switching the paper transport path. The paper discharge roll pair 37 is configured so that its rotation direction can be switched between a forward direction (discharge direction) and a reverse direction. When forming an image on both sides of the recording paper 5, the rotation direction of the paper discharge roll pair 37 is switched from the forward direction (discharge direction) to the reverse direction after the rear end of the recording paper 5 with an image formed on one side passes through the switching gate G. The recording paper 5 transported in the reverse direction by the paper discharge roll pair 37 has its transport path switched by the switching gate G rotated counterclockwise in the figure, and is transported to a double-sided transport path 39 formed in a substantially vertical direction along the back surface of the device main body 1a. The double-sided transport path 39 includes a paper transport roll pair 39a and a transport guide 39b that transport the recording paper 5 to the paper transport roll pair 33 in a reversed state.

[0045] 1, reference numerals 145 (Y, M, C, K) denote toner cartridges arranged in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, each cartridge containing developer including at least toner to be supplied to a corresponding developing device 14 (Y, M, C, K). The toner cartridges 145 (Y, M, C, K) supply toner of each color to the corresponding developing device 14 (Y, M, C, K) at a predetermined timing via a toner supply device (not shown).

[0046] 1 indicates a control device that comprehensively controls the operation of the image forming apparatus 1. The control device 100 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), or a bus for connecting the CPU, the ROM, etc., a communication interface, etc. (not shown).

[0047] <Operation of the image forming device> Hereinafter, a basic image forming operation by the image forming apparatus 1 will be described.

[0048] Here, the operation in a full-color mode in which the four image forming devices 10 (Y, M, C, K) are used to form a full-color image composed of a combination of toner images of four colors (Y, M, C, K) will be described.

[0049] When the image forming apparatus 1 receives command information requesting a full-color image forming operation (printing) from a user interface or printer driver (not shown), the four image creating devices 10 (Y, M, C, K), the intermediate transfer device 20, the secondary transfer device 26, the fixing device 40, etc. start up.

[0050] 1 and 2, in each imaging device 10 (Y, M, C, K), first, each photoconductor drum 11 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow A, and each charging device 12 charges the surface of each photoconductor drum 11 to a required polarity (negative polarity in the first embodiment) and potential. Next, an exposure device 13 irradiates the surface of the charged photoconductor drum 11 with a laser beam LB that is deflected and scanned based on an image signal obtained by converting image information input to the image forming device 1 into each color component (Y, M, C, K), and forms an electrostatic latent image of each color component composed of a required potential difference on the surface.

[0051] Next, each image forming device 10 (Y, M, C, K) develops the electrostatic latent image of each color component formed on the photoconductor drum 11 by supplying toner of the corresponding color (Y, M, C, K) charged to the required polarity (negative polarity) from the developing roll 141 and electrostatically attaching it to the electrostatic latent image of each color component. Through this development, the electrostatic latent image of each color component formed on each photoconductor drum 11 is visualized as a toner image of four colors (Y, M, C, K) developed with the toner of the corresponding color.

[0052] Next, when the toner images of each color formed on the photosensitive drum 11 of each image creating device 10 (Y, M, C, K) are transported to the primary transfer position, the primary transfer device 15 (Y, M, C, K) performs primary transfer of the toner images of each color in such a manner that they are superimposed in order onto the intermediate transfer belt 21 rotating in the direction indicated by arrow B of the intermediate transfer device 20.

[0053] In addition, in each of the imaging devices 10 (Y, M, C, K) where the primary transfer has been completed, the drum cleaning device 16 scrapes off any adhering matter to clean the surface of the photosensitive drum 11. This makes each of the imaging devices 10 (Y, M, C, K) ready for the next image formation operation.

[0054] Next, the intermediate transfer device 20 conveys the primary transferred toner image to the secondary transfer position by the rotation of the intermediate transfer belt 21. Meanwhile, the paper feeder 30 sends out the required recording paper 5 to the paper feed path 34 in accordance with the image creation operation. In the paper feed path 34, a pair of paper feed rolls 33 as registration rolls feeds and supplies the recording paper 5 to the secondary transfer position in accordance with the transfer timing.

[0055] At the secondary transfer position, the secondary transfer device 26 performs secondary transfer of the toner images on the intermediate transfer belt 21 all at once onto the recording paper 5. After the secondary transfer is completed in the intermediate transfer device 20, the belt cleaning device 27 removes and cleans the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 21 to remove any toner or other deposits remaining thereon after the secondary transfer.

[0056] Next, the recording paper 5 onto which the toner image has been secondarily transferred is peeled off from the intermediate transfer belt 21 and then transported to the fixing device 40 via a paper transport path 35. In the fixing device 40, the recording paper 5 after the secondary transfer is introduced and passed through a contact portion between a rotating heating rotator 41 and a pressing rotator 42, thereby performing the necessary fixing process (heating and pressing) to fix the unfixed toner image onto the recording paper 5. Finally, in the case of an image forming operation in which an image is only formed on one side of the recording paper 5 after fixing, the recording paper 5 after fixing is discharged by a paper discharge roll pair 37 to a paper discharge section 36 installed at the top of the device main body 1a.

[0057] By the above operation, the recording paper 5 is outputted on which a full-color image formed by combining four color toner images is formed.

[0058] By operating only the black (K) image forming device 10K, the recording paper 5 on which a monochrome image is formed is output.

[0059] <Process cartridge configuration> In this embodiment, the image forming members consisting of the photosensitive drum 11, the charging device 12 arranged around the photosensitive drum 11, the developing device 14, and the drum cleaning device 16 are assembled into an integrated unit to form a process cartridge 80 (Y, M, C, K) as an example of an image forming unit.

[0060] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a process cartridge 80 constituting an image forming device of the image forming apparatus.

[0061] 2, the process cartridge 80 includes a process cartridge main body as an example of an image forming unit main body in which the photosensitive drum 11, the charging device 12, the developing device 14, and the drum cleaning device 16 are mounted as an integrated unit. In the illustrated embodiment, the process cartridge main body is made up of a device housing 140 of the developing device 14, a main body 16a of the drum cleaning device 16, and further frame members (not shown) disposed at the front and rear ends along the mounting direction of the process cartridge 80.

[0062] The photosensitive drum 11 is rotatably mounted on a frame member (not shown) of the process cartridge body. On the other hand, the developing device 14 is mounted on the process cartridge body so as to be able to swing about a swing fulcrum 146 in a direction in which the developing roll 141 approaches and moves away from the photosensitive drum 11, as shown in Fig. 3. The developing device 14 is biased so that the developing roll 141 abuts against the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 by an elastic member (not shown), such as a coil spring, that is stretched between a device housing 140 of the developing device 14 and a frame member of the process cartridge body to which the photosensitive drum 11 is rotatably mounted.

[0063] <Configuration of the developing device> 2 and 3 are cross-sectional configuration diagrams showing a process cartridge including the developing device according to the first embodiment and the developing device, respectively.

[0064] As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the developing device 14 includes a device housing 140 as an example of a device body of the developing device 14. The device housing 140 is roughly divided into a lower housing 140a arranged at the lower part of the developing device 14 and an upper housing 140b arranged at the upper part of the developing device 14. The lower housing 140a and the upper housing 140b are airtightly joined, and inside the device housing 140, as shown in FIG. 2, a developer storage chamber 150 that stores a two-component developer 4 is formed. An opening 151 is provided in an area of ​​the device housing 140 facing the photosensitive drum 11. In addition, inside the device housing 140, a developing roll 141 as an example of a developer holder is rotatably arranged along the arrow direction C so that a part of the developing roll 141 is exposed to the opening 151. The developing roll 141 has a magnet roll 141a as an example of a magnetic field generating means that is fixedly disposed inside and has magnetic poles of required polarity disposed at required positions along the circumferential direction, and a cylindrical developing sleeve 141b as an example of a developer transport member that is rotatably disposed on the outer periphery of the magnet roll 141a at a required rotation speed along the direction of arrow C. The developing sleeve 141b is formed into a cylindrical shape from a non-magnetic material such as aluminum or non-magnetic stainless steel.

[0065] In this embodiment 1, the rotation direction of the developing sleeve 141b is set to be opposite to the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 11. That is, the rotation direction A of the photosensitive drum 11 is set to be clockwise as shown in FIG. 2, whereas the rotation direction C of the developing sleeve 141b is set to be counterclockwise. As a result, the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve 141b moves in the same direction as the movement direction of the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 in the development region facing the photosensitive drum 11. The rotation direction of the developing sleeve 141b may be set to be the same as the rotation direction A of the photosensitive drum 11.

[0066] The rotation speed of the developing sleeve 141b is determined according to the productivity of the image forming apparatus 1, which is determined by the rotation speed (process speed) of the photoconductor drum 11. The productivity of the image forming apparatus 1 is represented, for example, by the number of A4 size (LEF) recording papers 5 on which images can be formed per unit time.

[0067] The magnet roll 141a is a development area facing the photosensitive drum 11, and is provided with a development pole S1 disposed at a position slightly displaced upstream in the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 11 from the closest position, a transport pole N1 disposed at the downstream end in the rotation direction of the developing sleeve 141b at the opening 151 of the device housing 140 and adjacent to the downstream side of the development pole S1 in the rotation direction of the developing sleeve 141b, and transports the developer 4 used for development into the device housing 140, and a transport pole N2 disposed downstream of the transport pole N1 in the rotation direction of the developing sleeve 141b, and transports the developer 4 used for development into the device housing 140. The developer roller 141a includes a pick-off pole S2, which also functions as a transport pole for transporting the developer 4 to the inside of the device housing 140 together with the pole N1 and peels off the developer 4 from the surface of the developing sleeve 141b, a pickup pole S3, which is disposed downstream of the pick-off pole S2 in the rotation direction of the developing sleeve 141b and causes new developer 4 supplied while being stirred by the supply transport member 142 to be attracted to the surface of the developing sleeve 141b, and a trimming pole N2, which is disposed downstream of the pickup pole S3 in the rotation direction of the developing sleeve 141b and works with a layer thickness regulating member 144 to make the developer layer uniform. At a position facing the trimming pole N2 of the magnet roll 141a, a layer thickness regulating member 144 is disposed to regulate the amount (layer thickness) of the developer 4 held on the surface of the developing sleeve 141b. The layer thickness regulating member 144 is made of a magnetic material formed in a cylindrical shape and regulates the layer thickness of the developer 4 to a required value when the magnetic force of the trimming pole N2 acts on the developer 4. The developer 4 is formed in a magnetic brush-like layer on the surface of the developing sleeve 141b and is attracted and transported by the magnetic poles of the magnet roll 141a.

[0068] Inside the device housing 140, a supply transport member 142 as an example of a developer supply means, such as a screw auger (supply auger) that scoops up the developer 4 contained in the developer storage chamber 150 and supplies it to the developing roll 141, is disposed obliquely below the developing roll 141 along the vertical direction. The supply transport member 142 is rotated counterclockwise by a drive device (not shown). Inside the device housing 140, a stirring transport member 143 as an example of a developer transport means, such as a screw auger (admix auger) that stirs and transports the developer 4 supplied to the device housing 140, is disposed on the back side of the supply transport member 142. The stirring transport member 143 is also rotated clockwise by a drive device (not shown).

[0069] The lower housing 140a is provided with a first storage section 147 and a second storage section 148 formed in a substantially semi-cylindrical cross section to store the supply transport member 142 and the stirring transport member 143. The first storage section 147 and the second storage section 148 are separated by a partition wall 152 provided in the lower housing 140a. The upper housing 140b is provided with a third storage section 153 that stores the developer 4 together with the first storage section 147 of the lower housing 140a and supplies it to the developing roll 141. In addition, in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the reference numeral 103 denotes a toner concentration sensor that detects the toner concentration of the developer 4 stored inside the device housing 140.

[0070] 3, first and second passages 154 and 155 are provided at both ends of the partition wall 152 along the longitudinal direction, respectively, for transferring the developer 4 between the supply transport member 142 and the agitation transport member 143. The end of the agitation transport member 143 on the inner side along the axial direction is extended so as to protrude toward the rear side of the device housing 140. A substantially cylindrical supply section 156 is provided at the extended portion of the agitation transport member 143. The cylindrical supply section 156 is provided with a supply port 157 through which the developer 4 of the corresponding color is supplied from the toner cartridge 145 (Y, M, C, K). The supply port 157 is covered by a shutter member (not shown) so as to be freely opened and closed.

[0071] In the developing device 14, the toner in the developer 4 contained inside the device housing 140 is consumed by developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11, and gradually decreases.

[0072] Therefore, in the image forming apparatus 1, the exposure device 13 counts the amount of pixels of the image (electrostatic latent image) formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 of each image creating device 10 (Y, M, C, K), and directly or indirectly measures the toner concentration of the developer 4 contained in the developing device 14. Based on the amount of pixels of the image (electrostatic latent image) formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 and the toner concentration of the developer 4 in the developing device 14, the image forming apparatus 1 is configured to control the amount of toner supplied to the developing device 14 from the toner cartridges 145 (Y, M, C, K) via a toner supply device not shown.

[0073] In this case, if the image (electrostatic latent image) formed on the surface of each photoconductor drum 11 has a normal image density, as shown in FIG. 4, the cumulative amount of toner consumed is within the range controlled by the toner concentration control operation, and no reduction in image density due to insufficient supply of toner to the developing device 14 occurs.

[0074] In Figures 4 and 5, "cycle up & down" refers to the operation of driving the photosensitive drum 11 and the developing device 14 when starting a series of image forming operations in the image forming apparatus 1, charging the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 to a required charging potential by the charging device 12, and applying a developing bias voltage to the developing roll 141 of the developing device 14.

[0075] In addition, when a series of image forming operations in the image forming apparatus 1 is completed, the photosensitive drum 11 and the developing device 14 are stopped, and when the photosensitive drum 11 and the developing device 14 are stopped, charging of the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 by the charging device 12 and application of the developing bias voltage to the developing roll 141 of the developing device 14 are stopped.

[0076] When starting or ending a series of image forming operations in these image forming apparatuses 1, if the surface potential of the photosensitive drum 11 is suddenly raised or lowered by the charging device 12, or the development bias voltage applied to the development roll 141 of the developing device 14 is suddenly raised or lowered, a technical problem occurs in which carrier in the developer 4 adhering to the development roll 141 adheres to the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 due to the potential difference between the surface potential of the photosensitive drum 11 and the development bias voltage of the development roll 141, causing the carrier in the developer 4 adhering to the development roll 141 to adhere to the surface of the photosensitive drum 11, known as bead carryover.

[0077] Therefore, in the image forming apparatus 1, when starting or ending a series of image forming operations, the surface potential of the photosensitive drum 11 and the development bias voltage of the development roll 141 are raised or lowered with a required potential difference, thereby preventing or suppressing the adhesion of carrier in the developer 4 to the surface of the photosensitive drum 11.

[0078] However, in this way, in the image forming apparatus 1, by raising and lowering the surface potential of the photosensitive drum 11 and the development bias voltage of the developing roll 141 with the required potential difference when starting and ending a series of image forming operations, adhesion of the carrier in the developer 4 to the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 can be prevented or suppressed. However, on the other hand, toner charged with the opposite polarity to the carrier transfers to and adheres to the surface of the photosensitive drum 11, and the toner in the developing device 14 is consumed.

[0079] Therefore, in the image forming apparatus 1, when the image (electrostatic latent image) formed on the surface of each photosensitive drum 11 is an image with a low image density lower than the normal image density, as shown in FIG. 5, the toner consumed when starting and ending a series of image forming operations causes the cumulative toner consumption to fall outside the range controlled by the toner concentration control operation at the time of low image density, resulting in a technical problem of a decrease in image density.

[0080] Therefore, the image forming apparatus 1 according to this embodiment 1 is configured to include a developer supply means which supplies the developer to the developing means and which predicts and replenishes the amount of developer to be consumed separately from image formation at the start or end of image formation by the image carrier, or at both the start and end.

[0081] In addition, in the image forming apparatus 1 according to this embodiment 1, the developer supply means is configured to predict and supply the amount of developer to be consumed separately from image formation at the start or end of image formation by the image carrier, or at both the start and end, depending on the characteristics of the developer.

[0082] Furthermore, in the image forming apparatus 1 according to this embodiment 1, the developer supply means is configured to predict in advance and replenish the amount of developer to be consumed separately from image formation when the density of the image held on the image carrier is equal to or lower than a predetermined density.

[0083] FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a control device 100 of the image forming apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

[0084] In FIG. 6, 100 denotes a control device of the image forming apparatus 1, 10 (Y, M, C, K) denote imaging devices for yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K), 30 denotes a paper conveying device, 101a denotes a screen for conveying toner of a toner supply device 101 that supplies toner from toner cartridges 145 (Y, M, C, K) for yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) to a developing device 14 (Y, M, C, K). Reference numeral 102 denotes an image forming counter that counts the number of sheets of recording paper 5, which is the number of images formed by the image forming device 1, reference numeral 103 denotes a toner concentration sensor that detects the toner concentration in the developer 4 provided in the developing device 14 of each image forming device 10 (Y, M, C, K), and reference numeral 104 denotes a dot counting device that counts dots, which are the pixel amount (number of pixels) of the image formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 of each image forming device 10 (Y, M, C, K).

[0085] <Function of the image forming device> In the image forming apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, in the image density control operation in which toner is supplied to the inside of the developing device to control the image density, a decrease in image density caused by toner adhering to the surface of the image holder and being consumed due to the potential difference between the image holder and the developer holder at the start or end of the image forming operation is suppressed as follows.

[0086] That is, as shown in FIG. 7, in the image forming apparatus 1 according to this embodiment 1, when the control device 100 receives command information (job) requesting a full-color or monochrome image forming operation (print) from a user interface, printer driver, etc. (not shown) (step 101), the control device 100 adds (cumulatively counts) the number of pixels, which is the image information of the received print command (step 102).

[0087] Here, the number of pixels which is the image information of the received print command is, for example, the number of pixels taking into consideration the desired resolution (e.g., 400 dpi, 600 dpi, or 1200 dpi, etc.) and the desired gradation (e.g., 256 gradations, etc.) based on the image information of the print command on A4 size recording paper 5.

[0088] Next, the control device 100 determines whether the print command is full color or monochrome (step 103), and if it determines that it is full color, adds pixels equivalent to fog to each of the imaging devices 10 (Y, M, C, K) for yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) (step 104).

[0089] Here, the fog-equivalent pixels are expressed as the number of pixels of toner that is predicted to be consumed when a series of jobs (image forming operations) is started and ended. The fog-equivalent pixels are added for each developing device 14 of each imaging device 10 (Y, M, C, K) for yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K) used in an image determined to be full color.

[0090] Then, the control device 100 calculates the toner replenishment time (step 105) and stores the calculated toner replenishment time in a buffer as an example of a storage means (not shown) provided for each of the yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) developing devices 14 (step 106).

[0091] If the control device 100 determines that the image is full color, it executes the above-mentioned process for each of the colors yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K).

[0092] On the other hand, when the control device 100 determines that the print command is monochrome, it adds pixels equivalent to fog only to black (K) (step 107), calculates the toner replenishment time (step 108), and stores the calculated toner replenishment time in a buffer as an example of a storage means (not shown) provided in the black (K) developing device 14 (step 109), and then ends the process.

[0093] The control device 100 executes the above process until the example print command is completed.

[0094] Furthermore, the control device 100 executes an operation of calculating the toner supply time according to the toner concentration in the developing device 14, separately from the operation of calculating the toner supply time according to the number of image pixels described above. Note that the operation of calculating the toner supply time according to the toner concentration in the developing device 14 may be performed at a timing different from or at the same timing as the operation of calculating the toner supply time according to the number of image pixels.

[0095] When the control device 100 executes the operation of calculating the toner replenishment time according to the toner concentration in the developing device 14, as shown in FIG. 8, the toner concentration of the developer 4 contained in the device housing 140 for each of the developing devices 14 of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) is detected by the toner concentration sensor 103 (step 201).

[0096] Next, the control device 100 calculates the replenishment time for toner to be replenished to each of the yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) developing devices 14 based on the detected toner concentration in each developing device 14 (step 202), and then stores the calculated replenishment time for toner to be replenished to each developing device 14 in a buffer (not shown) provided corresponding to each developing device 14 (step 203), and terminates the process.

[0097] Then, as shown in FIG. 9, when the control device 100 determines that it is a predetermined time to replenish toner, such as at the start or end of a printing operation, or when an image has been formed on a required number of sheets of recording paper 5, the control device 100 executes a toner replenishment operation.

[0098] In a toner supply operation, the control device 100 reads and calculates the toner supply time corresponding to the number of image pixels from a buffer (not shown) provided corresponding to each of the yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) developing devices 14 (step 301).

[0099] Next, the control device 100 reads from a buffer (not shown) and calculates the toner replenishment time corresponding to the toner concentration of each of the developing devices 14 for yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) (step 302).

[0100] Then, the control device 100 adds the toner replenishment time corresponding to the number of image pixels read from a buffer (not shown) provided for each of the yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) developing devices 14 to the toner replenishment time corresponding to the toner concentration of each of the yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) developing devices 14, and determines the replenishment time of toner to be replenished to each developing device 14 (steps 302, 304).

[0101] The control device 100 determines whether or not it is time to permit the toner supply operation (step 305), and if it determines that it is time to permit the toner supply operation, executes the toner supply operation (step 306).

[0102] Here, the timing to allow the toner replenishment operation is determined when any of the yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) imaging devices 10 is in the middle of an image formation operation, for example, and since there is a risk of the image density fluctuating if toner is replenished to the developing device 14 in the middle of the image formation operation, processing is performed to not allow the toner replenishment operation.

[0103] On the other hand, if the control device 100 determines that it is not the timing to permit the toner supply operation, it ends the process without executing the toner supply operation.

[0104] In this way, in the image forming apparatus 1 configured as above, when calculating the replenishment time of toner to be supplied to each of the developing devices 14 of yellow (Y), magenta, cyan (C) and black (K) according to the number of image pixels, the pixels equivalent to the fog of toner consumed due to the start-up and end-up of a print job are added for consideration. Therefore, the image forming apparatus 1 executes a toner replenishment operation including the toner consumed due to the start-up and end-up of a print job.

[0105] Note that image forming apparatus 1 does not necessarily need to add pixels equivalent to fog due to toner consumed due to both the start-up and shutdown of a print job, and may be configured to add pixels equivalent to fog due to toner consumed due to only one of the start-up or shutdown of a print job, for example, in cases where there is a difference in the amount of toner consumed due to the start-up and shutdown of a print job, one being significantly less than the other.

[0106] Therefore, in the image forming device 1, as shown in FIG. 10, even when low image density image forming operations are continuously performed, the toner consumed due to the start-up and shutdown of a print job is predicted (estimated) in advance and toner is replenished, thereby preventing or suppressing a decrease in image density due to insufficient toner replenishment.

[0107] [Embodiment 2] FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a control device of an image forming apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0108] As shown in FIG. 11, the image forming apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment includes an environmental sensor 110 that detects temperature and humidity as an example of an environmental detection means for detecting the environmental conditions in which the image forming apparatus 1 is installed, and the developer supply means is configured to correct the amount of developer consumed separately from image formation in accordance with the detection result of the environmental sensor 110.

[0109] That is, the control device 100 of the image forming apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment detects the temperature and humidity of the environment in which the image forming apparatus 1 is installed, which is detected by the environment sensor 110.

[0110] Then, the control device 100 determines, based on the temperature and humidity of the environment detected by the environment sensor 110, whether it is normal temperature and normal humidity, high temperature and high humidity, or low temperature and low humidity.

[0111] When the control device 100 determines that the environment is high temperature and high humidity based on the temperature and humidity detected by the environmental sensor 110, when adding pixels equivalent to fog in FIG. 7, it changes the added value of the pixels equivalent to fog to a value larger than the normal (normal temperature and normal humidity) value.

[0112] In this way, in the image forming apparatus 1 according to the above-mentioned second embodiment, when it is determined that the temperature and humidity of the environment in which the image forming apparatus 1 is installed, as detected by the environmental sensor 110, are high temperature and high humidity, the added value of the pixels equivalent to fog is changed to a value larger than the normal (normal temperature and humidity) value. Therefore, even if the amount of fog toner that adheres to the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 and is consumed at the start and end of a printing operation during high temperature and high humidity is increased, toner can be replenished in response to the increase in fog toner.

[0113] The other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted.

[0114] [Embodiment 3] FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a control device of an image forming apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 12, the image forming apparatus 1 according to this embodiment 3 is equipped with a first counting device 120 that cumulatively counts the number of rotations of the developing roll 141 as an example of a first usage history detection means for detecting the usage history of the developing means.

[0116] The first counting device 120 does not necessarily have to directly count the number of rotations of the developing roll 141, but may indirectly count the number of rotations of the developing roll 141 based on the size of the image developed by the developing device 14.

[0117] The control device 100 uses the first counting device 120 to determine whether the rotation speed of the developing roll 141 is equal to or less than a required threshold value, and if it determines that the rotation speed of the developing roll 141 exceeds the required threshold value, when adding pixels equivalent to fog in FIG. 7, it changes the added value of the pixels equivalent to fog, which corresponds to the normal case in which the rotation speed of the developing roll 141 is equal to or less than the required threshold value, to a value larger than the normal value.

[0118] In this manner, in the image forming apparatus 1 according to the above-mentioned third embodiment, the first counting device 120 cumulatively counts the number of rotations of the developing roll 141, and changes the added value of the pixels equivalent to fog, which corresponds to the normal case in which the number of rotations of the developing roll 141 is equal to or less than the required threshold, to a value larger than the normal value. Thus, even if the number of rotations of the developing roll 141 exceeds the required threshold, causing the developer 4 to deteriorate and increasing the amount of fog toner consumed, toner can be replenished in response to the increase in the fog toner.

[0119] The other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted.

[0120] [Embodiment 4] FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a control device of an image forming apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0121] The image forming apparatus 1 of this embodiment 4 is provided with a second usage history detection means for detecting the usage history of the image carrier, and the developer supply means is configured to correct the amount of the developer consumed separately from the image formation in accordance with the detection result of the second usage history detection means.

[0122] Furthermore, in the image forming apparatus 1 according to the fourth embodiment, the developer supplying means corrects the amount of developer consumed separately from image formation so as to increase as the detection result of the second usage history detecting means increases.

[0123] That is, as shown in FIG. 13, the image forming apparatus 1 according to this embodiment 4 is equipped with a second counting device 130 which cumulatively counts the number of rotations of each photosensitive drum 11 as an example of a second usage history detection means for detecting the usage history of each photosensitive drum 11, which is an image carrier.

[0124] The second counting device 130 does not necessarily have to directly count the number of rotations of each photosensitive drum 11, but may indirectly count the number of rotations of the photosensitive drum 11 based on the size of the recording paper 5 on which an image is formed by the photosensitive drum 11.

[0125] The control device 100 uses the second counting device 130 to determine whether the rotation speed of the photosensitive drum 11 is equal to or lower than a required threshold value, and if it determines that the rotation speed of the photosensitive drum 11 exceeds the required threshold value, when adding pixels equivalent to fog in FIG. 7, it changes the added value of the pixels equivalent to fog, which corresponds to the normal case in which the rotation speed of the photosensitive drum 11 is equal to or lower than the required threshold value, to a value larger than the normal value.

[0126] In this way, in the image forming apparatus 1 according to the above-mentioned fourth embodiment, the second counting device 130 cumulatively counts the number of rotations of the photosensitive drum 11, and changes the added value of the pixels equivalent to fog, which corresponds to the normal case in which the number of rotations of the photosensitive drum 11 is equal to or less than the required threshold, to a value larger than the normal value. Thus, even if the number of rotations of the photosensitive drum 11 exceeds the required threshold and the photosensitive layer of the photosensitive drum 11 wears down, increasing the amount of fog toner consumed, toner can be replenished in response to the increase in the fog toner.

[0127] The other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted.

[0128] In the above embodiment, an image forming apparatus that forms a full-color image has been described as an example of an image forming apparatus, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that the image forming apparatus may also be one that forms a monochrome image. [Explanation of symbols]

[0129] 1...Image forming device 11...Photoconductor drum 14...Developing device 140...Device housing 141...Developing roll 4. Developer 100...Control device 101...Toner supply device 102...Image creation counter 103...Toner concentration sensor 104...Dot counting device

Claims

1. an image carrier that holds an image; a developing means for developing the image on the image carrier with a developer; a developer supplying means for supplying the developer to the developing means, the developer supplying means predicting in advance an amount of the developer to be consumed separately from the image formation at the start or end of the image formation by the image carrier, and supplying the developer; A detection means for detecting a developer concentration inside the developing means; having the developer replenishing means, when the density of the image held on the image carrier is equal to or lower than a predetermined density, calculates a replenishment amount of the developer from the developer density detected by the detection means, and also calculates a replenishment amount of the developer from pixel information of the image held on the image carrier; an image forming apparatus that calculates a supply amount of the developer from pixel information of the image held on the image holder when the density of the image held on the image holder exceeds a predetermined density;

2. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developer supplying means predicts in advance an amount of the developer to be consumed separately from the image formation at the start or end of the image formation by the image carrier according to the characteristics of the developer, and supplies the developer.

3. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developer supply means predicts in advance the amount of developer consumed separately from the image formation and supplies the developer when the density of the image held on the image carrier is equal to or lower than a predetermined density.

4. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said developer replenishing means adds an amount of said developer consumed separately from said image formation to an amount of said developer replenishment as corresponding pixel information.

5. an environment detection unit that detects an environmental condition in which the image forming apparatus is installed; 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developer replenishing means corrects an amount of the developer consumed separately from the image formation in accordance with a result of detection by the environment detecting means.

6. a first usage history detection means for detecting a usage history of the developing means, 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said developer replenishing means corrects an amount of said developer consumed separately from said image formation in accordance with a detection result of said first usage history detecting means.

7. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said developer replenishing means corrects the amount of said developer consumed separately from said image formation so as to increase as the detection result of said first usage history detection means increases.

8. a second usage history detection means for detecting a usage history of the image carrier; 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said developer replenishing means corrects an amount of said developer consumed separately from said image formation in accordance with a detection result of said second usage history detecting means.

9. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said developer replenishing means corrects the amount of said developer consumed separately from said image formation so as to increase as the detection result of said second usage history detection means increases.

Images