Reference sphere installation device and reference sphere system

Abstract

To provide a device which facilitates installation and removal of a reference sphere and then, can change the direction of the reference sphere without changing the center position of the reference sphere.SOLUTION: A reference sphere installation device is a device for installing a reference sphere on a support part and includes: a body 41 whose one end is fixed to the support part and has a groove 40 at the other end; a shaft body 42 whose one end is fixed to a reference sphere 26 and the other end is rotatably inserted into the groove 40; and fixing means 43 which is provided on the body 41 and comes into contact with the shaft body 42 inserted into the groove 40 to inhibit the rotation of the shaft body 42.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for mounting a datum sphere on a support and to a datum sphere system. [Background technology]

[0002] In tunnel excavation work using blasting, after removing the debris generated by the blasting, work is carried out to remove protrusions (marks) that will interfere with the subsequent lining work. The locations where marks need to be removed can be determined by workers' visual inspection, but because the range is wide and time-consuming, a three-dimensional (3D) scanner is used to measure the excavation wall surface and compare it with a reference cross section to identify the locations where marks need to be removed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

[0003] The 3D scanner uses laser light to calculate the coordinates of the relative position of the measurement target with respect to the 3D scanner. To compare with the reference cross section, the position coordinates (absolute coordinates) of each measurement point on the excavation wall are required, and to calculate the position coordinates of each measurement point, the position coordinates of the 3D scanner are required.

[0004] The position coordinates of the 3D scanner can be calculated using a reference sphere having position coordinates measured in advance (see, for example, Patent Document 3). The reference sphere has a spherical surface 10 and a cutout portion 11 having a retroreflective reflecting means inside as shown in Fig. 1(a), and can be installed at a predetermined position, for example, on a support structure or a washer of a rock bolt, using a mounting magnet 12 with a screw as shown in Fig. 1(b). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5500708 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 5500709 [Patent Document 3] JP 2019-158637 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, with conventional mounting magnets, when the reference sphere is removed for blasting or the like, if the magnet is removed, it is not necessarily possible to install it in exactly the same position next time, and so the position coordinates of the reference sphere must be measured again.

[0007] Therefore, it is possible to remove only the reference sphere while leaving the mounting magnet, but this is time-consuming as it requires rotating the screws to remove it. This is also the case when installing it. In addition, the orientation of the reference sphere needs to be changed when measuring the position coordinates of the reference sphere with an optical range finder and when calculating the position coordinates of the 3D scanner, but since the screws need to be loosened to change the orientation, the center position of the reference sphere will shift. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and provides an apparatus for installing a reference sphere on a support, comprising: a body having one end fixed to the support and the other end having a groove; a shaft having one end fixed to the reference sphere and the other end rotatably inserted into the groove; a fixing means provided on the main body and contacting the shaft body inserted into the groove to prevent the shaft body from rotating; An installation apparatus is provided, including: Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, the reference sphere can be easily installed and removed, and the orientation of the reference sphere can be changed without changing the center position of the reference sphere. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a reference sphere and a conventional mounting magnet. [Diagram 2] A diagram showing an overview of the tunnel construction management system. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of a reference sphere and a conventional mounting magnet. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first configuration example of an installation device for installing a reference sphere. [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a second configuration example of the installation device for installing the reference sphere. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a third configuration example of the installation device for installing the reference sphere. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] Before explaining the reference sphere installation device of the present invention, a tunnel construction management system will be explained as an example of a system that uses a reference sphere. Here, a tunnel construction management system will be explained as an example of a system that uses a reference sphere, but the reference sphere is not limited to being used for tunnel construction management.

[0012] Figure 2 is a diagram showing an overview of the tunnel construction management system. The tunnel construction management system is used to grasp the tunnel shape, collect information, ensure the safety and security of construction, and control the posture of construction vehicles such as heavy machinery, and to identify areas that require marking before the first lining and to measure the displacement of the face and side walls before the second lining. Here, the tunnel construction management system is explained as a system that can perform marking.

[0013] Tunnels using the NATM method are formed by blasting with explosives or by excavating the natural ground or the ground using an excavator such as a free-section excavator. The entrance to the tunnel is called the tunnel portal, and the excavation surface in the excavation direction is called the face 20. Since there is a risk of collapse if the tunnel is left in an excavated state, arch-shaped steel supports 21 are installed at regular intervals, and concrete is sprayed as a primary lining to reinforce the tunnel wall. After the primary lining, rock bolts 22 are driven in, the concrete wall surface is covered with a waterproof sheet, and concrete is poured further inside as a secondary lining. In Figure 2, "SL" is the Spring Line, which is the line where the upper half arch begins in the tunnel internal cross section.

[0014] A tunnel is excavated for a certain distance and then the first lining is applied. After the tunnel is excavated for a certain distance and before the first lining, the tunnel construction management system determines where the alignment is required and performs the alignment. A tunnel is formed by repeating the process of excavation using blasting or an excavator, alignment, and the first lining.

[0015] The tunnel construction management system includes a vehicle equipped with an excavation means for digging the areas that need excavation in order to determine the areas that need to be re-cut and to carry out the re-cutting. As this vehicle, a breaker 23 that continuously strikes a chisel used in the work of chipping and removing the marks can be used.

[0016] In addition to the above vehicles, the tunnel construction management system is equipped with a measuring means for three-dimensionally measuring the inside of the tunnel to determine whether or not a mark is required. For example, a three-dimensional (3D) scanner 24 can be used as the measuring means. The 3D scanner 24 irradiates a laser beam, measures the time it takes for the beam to be reflected from the measurement target and return, and converts it into a distance. The 3D scanner 24 also measures the irradiation angle of the laser beam, and calculates the coordinates of the relative position of the measurement target with respect to the 3D scanner 24 based on the converted distance and the measured irradiation angle.

[0017] The coordinates of the relative position are the coordinates of the measurement target when the position coordinates of the 3D scanner 24 are (0,0,0). The 3D scanner 24 is installed on the roof of the driver's seat of the breaker 23 via a seismic isolation stand. The seismic isolation stand is a stand equipped with a seismic isolation device, and the seismic isolation device may include laminated rubber, rolling bearings, sliding bearings, or a combination of these with a damper.

[0018] The tunnel construction management system includes a calculation means for calculating the position coordinates of one or more locations on the tunnel face 20 based on the results of three-dimensional measurement by the 3D scanner 24, comparing the results with design data to determine locations that require excavation, and calculating the amount of construction. The amount of construction is the amount of excavated soil, the amount of sprayed soil, etc. The calculation means may be any device that can calculate the position coordinates, determine the excavation locations based on comparison with design data, and calculate the amount of construction, and may be, for example, a PC (Personal Computer) 25, a tablet terminal, a smartphone, etc.

[0019] The PC 25 is communicably connected to the 3D scanner 24 via a cable, a wireless LAN (Local Area Network), or the like, and is disposed in the driver's seat of the breaker 23. The computing means is not limited to a portable computer such as the PC 25, but may be a computer with a monitor attached to the driver's seat.

[0020] The tunnel construction management system includes three or more reference spheres 26 having position coordinates measured in advance in the tunnel in order to calculate the position coordinates of the 3D scanner 24. The reference spheres 26 are placed closer to the tunnel entrance than the breaker 23.

[0021] The reference sphere 26 has a spherical surface and a cutout, and a prism is provided in the cutout as a retroreflecting reflecting means. When measuring the position coordinates of the reference sphere 26, the cutout is directed toward an optical range finder, and the optical range finder measures the coordinates of the center point of each reference sphere 26. The coordinate values ​​of the position coordinates are absolute coordinates, consisting of, for example, latitude, longitude, and altitude. The optical range finder irradiates light toward the prism in the cutout, receives the light retroreflected by the prism, and measures the distance and angle to the center of the reference sphere 26. The optical range finder is installed at a point whose position coordinates are known, so the coordinates of the center point of the reference sphere 26 are calculated from the position coordinates of the device itself and the measured distance and angle.

[0022] When measuring the position coordinates of the 3D scanner 24, the spherical surface is directed toward the 3D scanner 24. Therefore, the 3D scanner 24 scans the spherical surface of the reference sphere 26 and acquires the relative positional relationship between the 3D scanner 24 and the reference sphere 26. This allows the PC 25 to calculate the position coordinates of the 3D scanner 24 as absolute coordinates from the position coordinates of the reference sphere 26 and the acquired relative positional relationship.

[0023] When measuring the reference sphere 26 with the 3D scanner 24, the distance measured by the 3D scanner 24 is the distance to the spherical surface, but since the radius of the reference sphere 26 is known, if the distance to the spherical surface can be measured, the distance to the center of the reference sphere 26 can be obtained by adding the radius to the measured distance. Then, the position coordinates of the center of the reference sphere 26 can be calculated based on that distance.

[0024] A special paint is applied to the surface of the spherical surface 30 of the reference sphere 26 to enhance the reflectivity. In particular, it is desirable to apply a retroreflective material that reflects incident light in the direction of the light source, as this increases the reflectivity and makes it easier to detect the reference sphere 26. Examples of retroreflective materials include those that contain fine glass beads or glass powder. Increasing the reflectivity in this way can reduce erroneous recognition of the reference sphere 26.

[0025] After calculating the position coordinates of the 3D scanner 24, the 3D scanner 24 performs three-dimensional measurement of the face side based on instructions from the PC 25, and transmits the measurement results of the three-dimensional measurement to the PC 25. The PC 25 calculates the position coordinates of multiple points on the face side based on the measurement results and the position coordinates of the 3D scanner 24, and acquires them as point cloud data. The point cloud data is stored in a storage device such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) provided in the PC 25.

[0026] The PC 25 stores design data including the position coordinates of each point on the designed excavation wall surface (design cross section) of the tunnel in a storage device, compares the acquired point cloud data with the design data, identifies points that protrude toward the inside of the tunnel by more than a threshold value, and determines that the identified points are points that require excavation. The threshold value can be set arbitrarily.

[0027] PC25 has a monitor as a display means, and displays the result of the determination on the monitor. Specifically, PC25 displays the part identified as the part requiring excavation in a manner that makes it distinguishable from other parts that do not require excavation, and presents the part where the worker should perform the marking. Examples of a method of displaying in a distinguishable manner include a method of coloring the part or a method of changing the color. In addition, the extent to which excavation is required can be displayed using specific numerical values, color coding, etc.

[0028] In order to perform this marking on the face side, the breaker 23 equipped with the 3D scanner 24 is placed in a position close to the face 20. The reference sphere 26 used to calculate the position coordinates of the 3D scanner 24 must be placed in a position that can be measured by the 3D scanner 24. However, during blasting, there is a possibility that the surface of the reference sphere 26 will be damaged by flying rock fragments and the like, causing the prism to break, so the reference sphere 26 is removed and then attached after blasting.

[0029] A conventional installation device for installing the reference sphere 26 will now be described in detail with reference to Fig. 3. A screw hole 31 extending toward the center of the reference sphere 26 is provided on a spherical surface 30 of the reference sphere 26.

[0030] The reference sphere 26 is connected to the mounting magnet 33 by screwing the threaded portion 32 of the mounting magnet 33 into the screw hole 31, and is fixed to a predetermined position such as the support 21 or the washer of a lock bolt by the attractive force of the magnet.

[0031] The reference sphere 26 can be removed together with the mounting magnet 33, or the reference sphere 26 alone can be removed by loosening the screws.

[0032] When the reference sphere 26 is removed together with the mounting magnet 33, it is attached and fixed in a predetermined position to the support 21, the washer of the rock bolt, etc., during installation. However, it is difficult to install it in exactly the same position before and after removal, and after installation, the position coordinates of the reference sphere 26 must be re-measured using an optical rangefinder.

[0033] If the mounting magnet 33 is not removed, the notch must be directed toward the laser range finder, and the screws on the mounting magnet 33 must be loosened to rotate the reference sphere 26, or the mounting magnet 33 must be removed, the reference sphere 26 must be rotated, and then the magnet must be attached. In either case, the center position of the reference sphere 26 will be shifted, and the accurate position coordinates of the 3D scanner 24 cannot be measured.

[0034] Therefore, in order to make it easy to install and remove the reference sphere 26 and to change the orientation of the reference sphere 26 without changing the center position of the reference sphere 26, an installation device having a configuration as shown in Fig. 4 is used. The reference sphere 26 has a screw hole 31 extending from a spherical surface 30 toward the center.

[0035] The installation device includes a main body 41 having one end fixed to a support such as a shoring structure 21 or a washer of a rock bolt and having a groove 40 at the other end, a shaft body 42 having one end fixed to the reference sphere 26 and the other end rotatably inserted into the groove 40, and a fixing means 43 provided on the main body 41 and contacting the shaft body 42 inserted into the groove 40 to prevent the shaft body 42 from rotating.

[0036] The main body 41 is cylindrical, and at one end of the circle, there are provided tripod screw holes 44, 45 for fixing to the support 21, a lock bolt washer, a tripod, etc., and a disk-shaped neodymium magnet 46. The tripod screw hole 44 is a screw hole for a camera tripod, and the tripod screw hole 45 is a screw hole for a surveying tripod. In this example, two screw holes are provided, but there may be one screw hole or three or more screw holes. The neodymium magnet 46 is a permanent magnet mainly composed of neodymium, iron, and boron, and has the strongest magnetic force. When the tripod screw holes 44, 45 are used, the neodymium magnet 46 is removed, and the tripod screws are directly screwed into these tripod screw holes 44, 45. Here, a neodymium magnet is used as the magnet, but this is not limited thereto, and an alloy magnet mainly composed of iron, a ferrite magnet mainly composed of iron oxide, etc. may be used.

[0037] Further, to facilitate attachment and detachment of the main body 41, a magnet is used for fixing, but it may be fixed using bolts and nuts, etc.

[0038] The other circular end of the main body 41 is provided with a cylindrical groove 40 extending toward one end. A hole 47 is provided in the side of the main body 41, which penetrates the side of the groove 40, and a screw hole 48 is provided continuous with the hole 47. A fastening screw 43a constituting the fixing means 43 is inserted into the hole 47 and the screw hole 48, and the screw part at the tip is screwed into the screw hole 48. A fastening piece 43b, which is an insertion piece formed with a taper in a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction of the shaft body 42 into the groove 40, is attached to the center part of the fastening screw 43a. Therefore, as the screw part at the tip of the fastening screw 43a is screwed into the screw hole 48, it moves in the vertical direction, and the surface of the fastening piece 43b exposed in the groove 40 facing the side of the shaft body 42 presses against the side of the shaft body 42, preventing the shaft body 42 from rotating. In other words, when viewed from the reference sphere 26 side, the tightening piece 43b is tapered and has a slope toward the shaft 42 side, so that as it is inserted, the sloped surface comes into contact with the side of the shaft 42, and as it is inserted further, it comes into pressure contact.

[0039] One end of the shaft body 42 has a threaded portion 49 that screws into the screw hole 31 of the reference sphere 26, and the other end has a cylindrical insertion portion 50 that is inserted into the groove 40 of the main body 41. The shaft body 42 is fixed to the reference sphere 26 and is allowed to rotate freely within the groove 40 of the main body 41 until the tightening top 43b is pressed against it. For this reason, the reference sphere 26 is fixed by pressing the tightening top 43b against the shaft body 42 with the tightening screw 43a, and the reference sphere 26 becomes free to rotate by releasing the pressure of the tightening top 43b against the shaft body 42.

[0040] When removing the reference sphere 26, the tightening screw 43a is loosened, the tightening top 43b is released from the shaft 42, and the shaft 42 is pulled out from the main body 41 with the shaft 42 still attached to the reference sphere 26. When installing the reference sphere 26, the tightening screw 43a is loosened and the shaft 42 attached to the reference sphere 26 is inserted into the groove 40 of the main body 41, and after the shaft 42 is inserted, the tightening screw 43a is tightened to press the tightening top 43b against the side of the shaft 42 to fix it in place.

[0041] A lever 43c is provided on the fastening screw 43a, and the fastening screw 43a can be tightened by rotating the lever 43c in a predetermined direction, and can be loosened by rotating the lever 43c in the opposite direction.

[0042] In this configuration, it can be easily installed by simply inserting the reference sphere 26, and can be easily removed by simply pulling out the reference sphere 26. Also, by simply loosening the fastening screw 43a, the tip of the shaft 42 can be rotated around the shaft 42 while in contact with the bottom of the groove 40, so the coordinates of the center of the reference sphere 26 do not change and there is no need to remeasure using an optical distance meter.

[0043] As shown in Fig. 5, it is also possible to directly press the tip of the tightening screw 43a against the side surface of the shaft body 42, or to press it against the side surface via a pressing member made of plastic, rubber, or the like, and fix it, without using the tightening top 43b. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a second configuration example of the installation device. Fig. 5(a) shows an example in which the tip of the tightening screw 43a is directly pressed against the side surface of the shaft body 42, and Fig. 5(b) shows an example in which the tip of the tightening screw 43a is pressed against the side surface of the shaft body 42 via a pressing member 51.

[0044] However, when the reference ball 26 is fixed by pressing, the area of ​​the tip of the tightening screw 43a pressed against the side of the shaft body 42 is small, and the reference ball 26 is fixed at a point. This makes it difficult to fix the reference ball 26 so that it does not rotate. Therefore, as shown in the example of FIG. 4, it is preferable to press the tightening piece 43b against the side of the shaft body 42 to increase the area of ​​the pressing and fix the reference ball 26 by a line. It is also possible to make the pressing member 51 have a curved surface adjacent to the side of the shaft body 42, move the pressing member 51 toward the shaft body 42 by the tightening screw 43a, and bring the curved surface into close contact with the side of the shaft body 42, thereby fixing the reference ball 26 by a surface. In terms of fixing the reference ball 26 so that it does not move, it is more preferable to fix the reference ball 26 by a surface. In addition, when the pressing member 51 is adjacent to the side of the shaft body 42, it is preferable that the pressing member 51 is made of a material with high friction resistance, and it is preferable that the pressing member 51 is made of plastic or rubber.

[0045] Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a third configuration example of the installation device. As with the example shown in Fig. 4, the example shown in Fig. 6 has a screw hole 31 provided in the reference sphere 26, and is composed of a main body 41, a shaft 42, and a fixing means. The main body 41 has screw holes 44, 45 for a tripod and a neodymium magnet 46 at one end. The main body 41 also has a groove 40 at the other end.

[0046] The shaft 42 has an extension 52 which is threaded at one end and has a function as a washer and is extended in comparison with the one end and the other end, and is provided with a cylindrical insertion portion 53 at the other end. The insertion portion 53 is inserted into the groove 40 of the main body 41.

[0047] 6, the fixing means is a neodymium magnet 54 that is fixed to the main body 41 and disposed so as to be exposed at the bottom of the groove 40. In this example, a neodymium magnet is used, but other magnets such as alloy magnets and ferrite magnets may be used as long as they are magnets.

[0048] 6, the iron shaft 42 can be removed by lifting it while still attached to the reference sphere 26, thereby moving it away from the neodymium magnet 54. Meanwhile, the reference sphere 26 can be installed by inserting the shaft 42 into the groove 40 of the main body 41, bringing the shaft 42 close to the neodymium magnet 54, and magnetically attracting the end of the shaft 42. Since the reference sphere 26 is fixed by magnetic attraction, it can be easily rotated by applying a force that exceeds the attraction force.

[0049] The insertion part 53 has a larger diameter and a shorter length than the insertion part 50 shown in Fig. 4. The reason for the larger diameter is to increase the area of ​​the surface that is attracted to the neodymium magnet 54 disposed at the bottom of the groove 40, and to fix the reference sphere 26 so that it does not rotate. Also, the reason for the shorter length is to make it easier to insert the shaft body 42 into the groove 40.

[0050] However, if the length of the insertion portion 53 of the shaft body 42 is too short, the stability will decrease when the reference sphere 26 is attached, so it is preferable that it be of a certain length and that an extended extension portion 52 be provided.

[0051] Even with this configuration, it can be easily installed by simply inserting the reference sphere 26, and can be easily removed by simply pulling out the reference sphere 26. Furthermore, since the reference sphere 26 can be rotated around the shaft 42 by simply applying a force that exceeds the attractive force of the neodymium magnet 54, the coordinates of the center of the reference sphere 26 do not change, and remeasurement using an optical distance meter is not necessary.

[0052] 6, the neodymium magnet 54 is disposed at the bottom of the groove 40, but this is not limited to the bottom of the groove 40. For example, the insertion portion 53 of the shaft 42 may be made nonmagnetic, and the neodymium magnet 54 may be disposed at the top of the main body 41 with which the extension portion 52 comes into contact, so that the extension portion 52 is attracted and fixed.

[0053] Although the installation device for the reference sphere 26 of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be modified within the scope of what a person skilled in the art can conceive of, such as other embodiments, additions, modifications, deletions, etc., and as long as the functions and effects of the present invention are achieved in any aspect, it is within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention can also provide a reference sphere system including an installation device and a reference sphere as exemplified in Figures 4 to 6. [Explanation of symbols]

[0054] 10, 30…spherical surface 11…Notch 12, 33...Mounting magnet 20...Cutting edge 21…Shoring 22…Rock bolt 23…Breaker 24…3D scanner 25…PC 26...Reference sphere 31, 44, 45, 48...Screw holes 32, 49…Threaded part 40...Groove 41...Main body 42...Shaft body 43...Fixing means 43a…Tightening screw 43b…Tightening link 43c…Lever 46, 54...Neodymium magnets 47…hole 50, 53…insertion part 51...Pressing member 52…Extension

Claims

1. A device for mounting a reference sphere on a support, comprising: a body having one end fixed to the support and the other end having a groove; a shaft having one end fixed to the reference sphere and the other end rotatably inserted into the groove; a fixing means provided on the main body and contacting the shaft body inserted into the groove to inhibit rotation of the shaft body; Including, the main body extends from a side surface of the main body in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the shaft body is inserted into the groove, and has a hole penetrating a side portion of the groove and a screw hole continuous with the hole; The fixing means is an installation device that includes a clamping screw that is inserted into the hole and has a threaded portion at one end that is screwed into the screw hole, an insertion piece attached to the longitudinal center of the clamping screw, tapered toward the vertical direction, and whose surface exposed in the groove as the threaded portion is screwed into the screw hole is pressed against the side of the shaft, and a lever provided at the other end of the clamping screw for rotating the clamping screw.

2. A device for mounting a reference sphere on a support, comprising: a body having one end fixed to the support and the other end having a groove; a shaft having one end fixed to the reference sphere and the other end rotatably inserted into the groove; a fixing means provided on the main body and contacting the shaft body inserted into the groove to inhibit rotation of the shaft body; Including, the shaft body includes an insertion portion that is inserted into the groove, and an expansion portion that contacts a top of the body when the insertion portion is inserted into the groove and that expands in diameter compared to the insertion portion, The fixing means is disposed on the main body so that a portion of the fixing means is exposed at the bottom of the groove, and includes a magnet that attracts the tip of the insertion portion inserted into the groove.

3. The insertion portion is non-magnetic, and the extension portion is magnetic, 3. The installation device according to claim 2, wherein the magnet is disposed so as to attract the extension to a top portion of the body with which the extension comes into contact, instead of to a bottom portion of the groove.

4. The installation device according to claim 1 , wherein the main body includes a fixing magnet provided at the one end and adapted to be attracted to the support portion.

5. The installation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the shaft body has a threaded portion that screws into the reference sphere having a threaded hole.

6. The installation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the main body has a screw hole at the one end into which a screw portion provided on the support portion is screwed.

7. A reference sphere system comprising a reference sphere and an installation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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