Surveying equipment and surveying methods

Abstract

To solve the problems in which conventional arts get involved, that is, to provide a surveying-purpose device that uses an external corner or internal corner not only as a surveying reference point, but also as a level reference point (a bench mark), and to provide a surveying method that uses the surveying-purpose device.SOLUTION: A surveying-purpose device according to the present invention comprises: a ruler plate that is made of an L-shaped plate in a plan view; and a supporting cylinder that is installed in a top surface of the ruler plate. The supporting cylinder is arranged almost vertically to the ruler plate. Then, an inner side L-shaped line or an exterior side L-shaped line abuts against an almost vertically intersecting exterior corner or internal corner, and in turn the ruler plate is almost horizontally arranged. In a state with the ruler plate almost horizontally arranged, when inserting a pin of a surveying-purpose reflection prism into an insertion hole, the surveying-purpose reflection prism is arranged almost vertically, and a lower end of the pin abuts against the top surface.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention of the present application relates to a technology for a device particularly used for indoor surveying. More specifically, it relates to a surveying device that can be installed at inside and outside corners and a surveying method using the same.

Background Art

[0002] When constructing buildings such as logistics warehouses and factories, floor level surveying (hereinafter referred to as "floor leveling") is carried out when the pouring of the floor concrete is completed. Conventionally, when performing this floor leveling, plane coordinate surveying is generally carried out using a center line on the floor surface as a reference line, and leveling is carried out using a leveling mark provided on a column or the like.

[0003] Normally, since the plane coordinates (X, Y) of the vertex of a column (i.e., the outside corner) in plan view are known, a reference line (for example, a relief line at a certain distance from the column) can be set by using a plurality of columns. That is, a plane coordinate system (generally an arbitrary coordinate system) can be set on the floor surface. Further, by setting a plurality of reference lines that intersect in a grid pattern, the plane coordinates of the intersection points of the reference lines can be obtained from various conditions (such as the interval between the reference lines and the relief amount from the column surface). Then, after sighting a point with a known height (i.e., a benchmark) such as a leveling mark with a level (for example, an auto level), the height of the position is measured by sighting a staff installed at the intersection point of the reference lines.

[0004] Thus, conventional floor level surveying proceeded by first establishing a reference line to determine the plane coordinates, and then repeatedly determining the height at each intersection of the reference line using an auto-level. In other words, it required two steps: determining the plane coordinates and determining the height at that location, and moreover, it required at least two workers: one to operate the spirit level and another to operate the staff. Furthermore, even when it was necessary to determine the plane coordinates of an arbitrary point that was not an intersection of the reference line, it was necessary to secure two people: one to operate the surveying equipment such as a total station or transit, and another to set up the surveying reflective prism (so-called target) at the measurement point. On the other hand, the results of the floor level survey (i.e., the plane coordinates and height) were recorded on the spot by the surveyor in a drawing or field notebook, and when it was necessary to display the survey results on CAD (Computer-Aided Design), the operator had to re-enter the values ​​recorded in the drawing, etc. (so-called manual entry).

[0005] As mentioned above, conventional floor level surveying is time-consuming and labor-intensive, requiring two steps and necessitating the securing of at least two workers, thus incurring considerable costs. Furthermore, the manual process of workers recording survey results and inputting them into CAD data is time-consuming and prone to errors, a problem that is particularly evident in cases involving large floor areas.

[0006] Incidentally, as explained earlier, the planar coordinates of the corners of columns are usually known. Therefore, by using the corners of columns as surveying reference points, the planar coordinates of any measurement point can be determined, thus freeing us from the need to set up reference lines in a grid pattern. Specifically, by setting up surveying equipment such as a total station or transit and sighting two corners of columns, the installation coordinates of the surveying equipment can be obtained, and as a result, the coordinates of any measurement point can be determined.

[0007] However, when using the corner of a column as a surveying reference point, a surveying reflective prism must be positioned at that corner in a predetermined orientation (for example, with the pin vertical), but the surveying reflective prism itself becomes an obstacle, making it difficult to position it as desired. Various techniques for using the corner of a column as a surveying reference point have been proposed to date. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a surveying device in which a sight with a sharp-angled tip and a first reflective prism and a second reflective prism are arranged in a straight line at regular intervals. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-053328 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0009] According to the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is possible to measure the planar coordinates of the corner of a column, or to use the corner of the column as a surveying reference point. However, since it requires the use of two or more surveying reflective prisms, the manufacturing cost is high, and since these surveying reflective prisms are permanently installed, automatic tracking and sighting are difficult. In addition, the surveying device in Patent Document 1 requires manual operation because it is necessary to maintain a horizontal position while checking the level, and the unstable position leads to unstable surveying accuracy. Furthermore, although planar coordinates can be obtained, the height cannot be determined, and a separate leveling survey is required, thus failing to solve the problems of conventional floor leveling.

[0010] The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, namely, to provide a surveying device and a surveying method using the same that enables the use of outer and inner corners as surveying control points and also as leveling control points (benchmarks). [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The present invention focuses on the fact that L-shaped boards are automatically kept horizontal when placed at corners or inside corners, and is an invention based on a completely new idea.

[0012] The surveying device of the present invention is a ruler made of a plate material that is L-shaped in plan view. Board It is equipped with the following features. Furthermore, an inner L-shaped line consisting of two approximately perpendicular (including perpendicular) line segments is formed on the inside of the ruler plate, and an outer L-shaped line consisting of two approximately perpendicular (including perpendicular) line segments is formed on the outside of the ruler plate. Markers for positioning the pins of the surveying reflective prism are placed on the surface of the ruler board. Then, when the inner L-shaped line is brought into contact with an outer corner where lines intersect approximately vertically (including vertically), or when the outer L-shaped line is brought into contact with an inner corner where lines intersect approximately vertically (including vertically), the ruler plate is positioned approximately horizontally (including horizontally). be .

[0013] The measuring device of the present invention has two or more on the upper surface of the ruler plate. marker It can also be assumed that it was installed.

[0014] The surveying device of the present invention may also be provided with a bubble level on the upper surface of the ruler plate.

[0015] The surveying device of the present invention may further include a wall panel. This wall panel is positioned approximately vertically (including perpendicularly) to the ruler plate and is attached to the inner L-shaped line of the ruler plate. In this case, when the inner L-shaped line is brought into contact with a column having an external corner that intersects approximately vertically (including perpendicularly), the wall panel comes into contact with the wall surface of the column.

[0016] The surveying method of the present invention is a method for obtaining the coordinates of an arbitrary point using the surveying device of the present invention, and comprises a first placement step, a first sighting step, a second placement step, a second sighting step, an installation position calculation step, and a coordinate acquisition step. In the first placement step, the surveying device is positioned so as to contact a first outer corner where the inner L-shaped line of the surveying device intersects approximately vertically (including vertically), or a first inner corner where the outer L-shaped line of the surveying device intersects approximately vertically (including vertically). In the first sighting step, with a guide plate in contact with the first outer corner (or first inner corner), the pin of the surveying reflector prism is Place on marker At the same time, the surveying reflective prism is sighted using the surveying equipment. Similarly, in the second positioning step, the surveying device is positioned so as to contact the second outer corner (or the second inner corner (or the outer L-shaped line of the surveying device) that intersects approximately vertically (including vertically) with the inner L-shaped line of the surveying device, and in the second sighting step, with the guide plate in contact with the second outer corner (or the second inner corner), the pin of the surveying reflective prism is sighted. Place on marker At the same time, the surveying reflective prism is sighted using surveying equipment. In the installation position calculation process, the coordinates of the installation position of the surveying device are calculated based on the measurement results obtained in the first sighting process and the second sighting process. Then, in the coordinate acquisition process, the surveying reflective prism is placed at an arbitrary measurement point, and the coordinates of the measurement point are acquired by sighting the surveying reflective prism using surveying equipment. Note that if a guide plate is brought into contact with the first outer corner (or first inner corner) marker The center coordinates are assumed to be known, and when a ruler plate is brought into contact with the second outer corner (or second inner corner) marker The central coordinates are assumed to be known. [Effects of the Invention]

[0017] The surveying device and surveying method of the present invention have the following effects. (1) With a single sighting using surveying equipment, the reference plane coordinates and reference height can be obtained, and as a result, floor level surveying can be performed more efficiently than before. (2) By simply abutting the inner L-shaped line or the outer L-shaped line against the corner or the recess, the substantially horizontal (including horizontal) posture of the scale plate can be stably maintained. As a result, surveying results can be obtained with stable accuracy. (3) By using a surveying instrument, there is no need to record the surveying results on a drawing or the like on site, and CAD data can be automatically obtained without manual input. (4) Further, by using an automatically tracking surveying instrument, even a single operator can perform floor level surveying.

Brief Description of Drawings

[0018] [Figure 1] Perspective view schematically showing the surveying device of the present invention. [Figure 2] (a) is a plan view of the surveying device as seen from above, and (b) is a side view of the surveying device as seen from the side. [Figure 3] Side view schematically showing the surveying device supporting the surveying reflecting prism in a state of abutting against a pillar. [Figure 4] Perspective view schematically showing the surveying device arranged such that the inner L-shaped line of the scale plate abuts against a corner. [Figure 5] Perspective view schematically showing the surveying device arranged such that the outer L-shaped line of the scale plate abuts against a recess. [Figure 6] Plan view schematically showing the scale plate provided with markers. [Figure 7] Plan view for explaining an example of performing surveying by arranging the surveying device 100 at the corner of a pillar. [Figure 8] Flow chart showing the main steps of the surveying method of the present invention.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0019] Examples of embodiments of the surveying device and the surveying method of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

[0020] 1. Surveying Device First, the surveying device of the present invention will be described in detail. The surveying method of the present invention is a method of mainly conducting indoor surveys using the surveying device of the present invention. Therefore, the surveying device of the present invention will be described first, and then the surveying method of the present invention will be described.

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of the surveying device 100 of the present invention. As shown in this figure, the surveying device 100 of the present invention is Ruler board 110 It is composed of including, and further Support cylinder 120 and wallboard 130 、 It can also be configured to include a spirit level 140.

[0022] Ruler board 110 As shown in Figure 2(a), it has an L-shape in plan view, and as shown in Figure 2(b), it is a thin plate-like member. Figure 2(a) is a plan view of the surveying device 100 seen from above, and Figure 2(b) is a side view of the surveying device 100 seen from the side. On the inside of this ruler plate 110 (upper left side in the figure), an inner L-shaped line IL is formed, consisting of two substantially vertical (including vertical) line segments, and on the outside (lower right side in the figure), an outer L-shaped line OL is formed, consisting of two substantially vertical (including vertical) line segments.

[0023] The support cylinder 120 supports the surveying reflective prism PR as shown in Figure 3, and is a component that includes the main body 121 (Figure 1) and the insertion hole 122 (Figure 1) provided in its center. Figure 3 is a schematic side view showing the surveying device 100 supporting the surveying reflective prism PR in contact with a column. This support cylinder 120 has an insertion hole 122. Ruler board 110 To be approximately perpendicular (including perpendicular), Ruler board 110 It is installed on the upper surface. Also, the insertion hole 122 penetrates the entire length of the main body 121, and therefore when the pin of the surveying reflector prism PR is inserted into the insertion hole 122, the lower end of the pin is Ruler board 110 It will make contact with the upper surface.

[0024] The support cylinder 120 is Ruler board 110While it is sufficient to install it in only one of these locations, depending on the placement, the support cylinder 120 (i.e., the surveying reflective prism PR) may be located in a position that is difficult to sight from the surveying equipment. Therefore, in order to increase the options for installing the surveying reflective prism PR, Ruler board 110 The support cylinder 120 can also be installed at two or more of these locations.

[0025] The wall panel 130 is as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2(b). Ruler board 110 To be approximately perpendicular (including perpendicular), Ruler board 110 It is a plate-like member that is attached to the lower side along the inner L-shaped line IL. The wall panel 130 extends along the entire length of the inner L-shaped line IL (that is, with an extension equivalent to the length of the inner L-shaped line IL). Ruler board 110 It can be attached to the wall panel 130, or partially attached to each of the two lines that form the inner L-shaped line IL. Ruler board 110 The wall panel 130 can be fixed in place or made detachable. Ruler board 110 It can also be installed in the following way. Furthermore, the wall panel 130 can be installed along the outer L-shaped line OL instead of (or in addition to) the inner L-shaped line IL.

[0026] The surveying device 100 is used by positioning it so that the inner L-shaped line IL of the guide plate 110 abuts against an outside corner, as shown in Figure 4, or so that the outer L-shaped line OL of the guide plate 110 abuts against an inside corner, as shown in Figure 5. For example, as shown in Figure 3, when the wall plate 130 (i.e., the inner L-shaped line IL) is brought into contact with the outside corner of a column where two substantially vertical planes (including vertical planes) intersect substantially vertically (including vertical), the guide plate 110 becomes substantially horizontal (including horizontal), and the insertion hole 122 of the support cylinder 120 becomes substantially vertical (including vertical). As a result, the surveying reflective prism PR with its pin inserted through the insertion hole 122 becomes substantially vertical (including vertical), meaning that the surveying reflective prism PR can indicate the planar position (X,Y) of the lower end of the pin. Furthermore, if the surveying device 100 is positioned so that the upper surface of the ruler plate 110 aligns with a marking on the pillar (for example, a marking 1m above the floor), the surveying reflective prism PR can indicate the height (Z) of the marking by the lower end of its pin.

[0027] Incidentally, when a wall panel 130, which is positioned approximately vertically (including vertically), comes into contact with an external or internal corner where two approximately vertical wall surfaces (including vertical wall surfaces) intersect approximately vertically (including vertically), the wall panel 130 becomes approximately vertical (including vertically), and the ruler plate 110 becomes approximately horizontal (including horizontal). In other words, when two movable surfaces that intersect vertically come into contact with two fixed surfaces that intersect vertically, the orientation of these movable surfaces is determined by the fixed surfaces; for example, if the fixed surfaces are vertical, the movable surfaces will also be vertical. On the other hand, when two line segments that intersect vertically come into contact with two fixed surfaces that intersect vertically, the orientation of these line segments is not determined by the fixed surfaces. In other words, simply bringing an inner L-shaped line IL or an outer L-shaped line OL into contact with two fixed surfaces that intersect vertically does not determine the orientation of the ruler plate 110. However, since the guide plate 110 is a board material, a wall surface (hereinafter referred to as the "thick surface") is formed in the thickness direction, and normally this thick surface and the top or bottom surface of the board material are approximately perpendicular (including vertical). Therefore, even if the wall plate 130 is omitted, if the inner L-shaped line IL abuts against the outside corner (or the outer L-shaped line OL abuts against the inside corner), the guide plate 110 will be approximately horizontal (including horizontal), and the insertion hole 122 of the support cylinder 120 will be approximately vertical (including vertical).

[0028] As described above, if the inner L-shaped line IL is positioned so that it touches the outside corner (or the outer L-shaped line OL touches the inside corner), the guide plate 110 will be approximately horizontal (including horizontal). However, the worker positioning the surveying device 100 may want to confirm that the guide plate 110 is approximately horizontal (including horizontal). In this case, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, it is advisable to provide a bubble level 140 on the upper surface of the guide plate 110.

[0029] The support tube 120 can support the surveying reflective prism PR, meaning there is no need to secure a worker to hold the surveying reflective prism PR, thus saving labor and making it preferable. On the other hand, providing the support tube 120 makes the entire surveying device 100 larger, making it somewhat difficult to handle and store, and also increases the number of parts, resulting in slightly higher manufacturing costs. Therefore, as shown in Figure 6, the marker 150 can be installed on the ruler plate 110, and the support tube 120 can be omitted. In this case, the surveying reflective prism PR will need to be set at the marker 150 position so that the worker is in a vertical position, so it is necessary to secure a worker for this purpose, but the surveying device 100 becomes more compact and manufacturing costs can be reduced. Of course, similar to the support tube 120, the marker 150 can be installed in only one location, or in two or more locations.

[0030] The following describes an example of using the surveying device 100 with reference to Figure 7. Figure 7 is a plan view illustrating an example of performing a survey by placing the surveying device 100 at the corner of a column. Normally, when performing indoor surveys such as floor level surveys, a planar coordinate system (often an arbitrary coordinate system) is set up in the room. In this case, as shown in Figure 7, it is common to set up two orthogonal axes (X axis and Y axis) along the wall surface that makes up the column. Furthermore, the planar coordinates of the corner of the column are considered to be known, and therefore can be used as a planar reference point. In addition, the height of the markings on the column (for example, a marking 1m higher than the floor surface) is considered to be known, and therefore can be used as an elevation reference point (benchmark).

[0031] On the other hand, the center point of the insertion hole 122 of the ruler plate 110 and the center point of the marker 150 (i.e., the planar position indicated by the surveying reflective prism PR) are predetermined based on the corner (connection point of two lines) of the inner L-shaped line IL and the corner of the outer L-shaped line OL. Therefore, by positioning the ruler plate 110 so that the inner L-shaped line IL abuts against the outside corner (or the outer L-shaped line OL abuts against the inside corner) and then inserting the surveying reflective prism PR into the insertion hole 122 (or setting it at the position of the marker 150), the positional relationship between the planar position of the surveying reflective prism PR and the planar position of the outside corner of the column becomes clear. For example, in Figure 7, the planar coordinates of the corner of the column are (X1, Y1), and the center point of the insertion hole 122 is (δX, δY) away from the corner of the inner L-shaped line IL. Therefore, the planar position indicated by the surveying reflective prism PR is (X1-δX, Y1-δY). In this way, by using the surveying device 100, the position of the surveying reflective prism PR can be used as a planar reference point, and furthermore, by aligning the ruler plate 110 with the ground markings, the height of the surveying reflective prism PR can be used as a benchmark.

[0032] 2.Surveying method Next, the surveying method of the present invention will be explained with reference to Figure 8. The surveying method of the present invention is primarily a method for indoor surveying using the surveying device 100 described above. Therefore, explanations that overlap with those described for the surveying device 100 will be avoided, and only the aspects specific to the surveying method of the present invention will be explained. In other words, anything not described here is the same as that described in "1. Surveying Device".

[0033] Figure 8 is a flowchart showing the main steps of the surveying method of the present invention. As shown in this figure, the surveying method of the present invention can be broadly divided into "preliminary steps" and "measurement steps," which are enclosed by dashed lines. Of these, the preliminary steps involve determining the positions where surveying equipment such as a total station is installed. The preliminary steps will be explained in detail below.

[0034] First, the worker sets up the surveying equipment at the desired position. Then, the worker positions the surveying device 100 at the first outer corner (or first inner corner) and inserts the surveying reflective prism PR into the insertion hole 122 (Step 211). As previously described, the surveying device 100 is positioned so that the inner L-shaped line IL contacts the outer corner (or the outer L-shaped line OL contacts the inner corner). Once the surveying device 100 is positioned at the first outer corner (or first inner corner), the surveying reflective prism PR is sighted using the surveying equipment (Step 212). Note that the survey can be performed by two people, one to sight the surveying equipment and the other to maintain the position of the surveying device 100, or by one person using an automatic tracking type surveying device. The same worker will set up the surveying equipment 100 and then sequentially place the surveying equipment 100, meaning that the surveying work will be performed by a single worker.

[0035] When the surveying reflective prism PR, which is set at the first outer corner (or first inner corner), is sighted, the worker positions the surveying device 100 at the second outer corner (or second inner corner) and inserts the surveying reflective prism PR into the insertion hole 122 (Step 213). Then, when the surveying device 100 is positioned at the second outer corner (or second inner corner), the surveying instrument sights the surveying reflective prism PR (Step 214). The first sighting step (Step 212) provides the angle (azimuth angle) and distance between the installation position of the surveying instrument and the first outer corner (or first inner corner), and similarly, the second sighting step (Step 214) provides the angle (azimuth angle) and distance between the installation position of the surveying instrument and the second outer corner (or second inner corner). This allows the installation position of the surveying instrument to be calculated (Step 215). Furthermore, by aligning the top surface of the guide plate 110 with the line markings on the column at either the first outer corner (or the first inner corner) or the second outer corner (or the second inner corner) (or both), and then positioning the surveying device 100, the installation height of the surveying equipment can also be determined.

[0036] Once the preliminary steps are complete, the measurement process is carried out. Specifically, the worker sets up the surveying reflective prism PR at the desired measurement point and then sights the surveying reflective prism PR with the surveying equipment (Step 221). At this time, the worker sets up the surveying reflective prism PR as usual without using the surveying device 100. Then, using the result of the surveying equipment sighting the surveying reflective prism PR, the planar coordinates and height of the measurement point are calculated (Step 222). By repeating this arbitrary point sighting process (Step 221), the planar coordinates and heights of multiple measurement points can be obtained. [Industrial applicability]

[0037] The surveying device and surveying method of the present invention can be used for surveying various buildings with corners, such as logistics warehouses and factories (especially for surveying interiors). In addition to floor level surveying, it can also be used to measure the planar position and height of various equipment. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0038] 100 Surveying device of the present invention 110 (Surveying device) ruler plate 120 (Support cylinder for surveying equipment) 121 Main body (of the support cylinder) 122 (Support cylinder) insertion hole 130 (Wall panel for surveying equipment) 140 (Level for surveying equipment) 150 (Surveying equipment) marker IL (Inner L-shaped line of surveying equipment) OL (Outer L-shaped line of surveying equipment) PR Surveying Reflective Prism

Claims

1. A ruler board made of a plate material that is L-shaped in plan view is provided, An inner L-shaped line consisting of two vertical or approximately vertical line segments is formed on the inside of the ruler plate, and an outer L-shaped line consisting of two vertical or approximately vertical line segments is formed on the outside of the ruler plate. Markers for positioning the pins of the surveying reflecting prism are provided on the surface of the ruler plate. When the inner L-shaped line is brought into contact with an outer corner where lines intersect vertically or nearly vertically, or when the outer L-shaped line is brought into contact with an inner corner where lines intersect vertically or nearly vertically, the guide plate is positioned horizontally or nearly horizontally. A surveying device characterized by the following features.

2. Two or more of the markers are placed on the upper surface of the ruler board. The surveying apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a surveying device.

3. A level using a bubble is provided on the upper surface of the ruler plate. The surveying apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is a surveying device.

4. The system further comprises a wall panel positioned perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the ruler plate and attached to the inner L-shaped line of the ruler plate, When the inner L-shaped line is brought into contact with a column having a vertical or nearly vertically intersecting corner, the wall panel comes into contact with the wall surface of the column. The surveying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. A method for obtaining the coordinates of an arbitrary point using the surveying device described in any one of claims 1 to 4, A first positioning step involves positioning the surveying device such that it contacts a first outer corner where the inner L-shaped line of the surveying device intersects vertically or substantially vertically, or a first inner corner where the outer L-shaped line of the surveying device intersects vertically or substantially vertically. With the ruler plate in contact with the first outer corner or the first inner corner, the pins of the surveying reflective prism are positioned on the marker, and the surveying reflective prism is sighted using a surveying instrument in a first sighting step, A second positioning step involves positioning the surveying device such that it contacts a second outer corner where the inner L-shaped line of the surveying device intersects vertically or substantially vertically, or a second inner corner where the outer L-shaped line of the surveying device intersects vertically or substantially vertically. With the ruler plate in contact with the second outer corner or the second inner corner, the pins of the surveying reflective prism are positioned on the marker, and the surveying reflective prism is sighted using the surveying instrument in a second sighting step, An installation position calculation step, which calculates the coordinates of the installation position of the surveying device based on the measurement results obtained in the first sighting step and the measurement results obtained in the second sighting step, The process includes a coordinate acquisition step of placing the aforementioned surveying reflective prism at an arbitrary measurement point and obtaining the coordinates of the measurement point by sighting the surveying reflective prism with the aforementioned surveying instrument, When the ruler plate is brought into contact with the first outer corner or the first inner corner, the center coordinates of the marker are known, and when the ruler plate is brought into contact with the second outer corner or the second inner corner, the center coordinates of the marker are known. A surveying method characterized by the following features.

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