Method and apparatus for testing tunnel fire suppression systems

Abstract

A method for testing a tunnel fire suppression system in the form of a water sprinkler system having a wet side and a dry side separated by a valve includes providing a nozzle arrangement comprising a plurality of nozzles, each nozzle disposed at or coupled to an outlet of the water sprinkler system, the nozzle arrangement comprising, coupled to or operably associated with, a sensor arrangement configured to measure air pressure at each of a plurality of outlets of the water sprinkler system and to output one or more output signals indicative of the air pressure at one or more of the outlets. The method includes providing a pressurized air supply through the watering system using a blower coupled to the watering system, the method further includes measuring a pressure of the air at one or more outlets of the watering system and outputting an output signal indicative of the pressure of the air at the one or more outlets, and communicating the output signal to a processing system configured to determine a flow rate of the air supply at the one or more outlets from the one or more output signals.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application relates to a method and apparatus for testing tunnel fire suppression systems, and more particularly, a water spraying system, although not exclusive. [Background technology]

[0002] Construction tunnels have been in use for centuries and form an integral part of many transportation infrastructure systems. For example, tunnels are widely used in rail transport infrastructure to extend railway lines and road transport infrastructure to extend roadways. In fact, a significant portion of many modern rail and highway systems are extended by tunnels.

[0003] It has long been recognized that fires pose a particularly high safety risk in tunnels due to their enclosed environment and the limited access available to firefighters in the event of a fire. Therefore, fire suppression systems form a crucial safety component of tunnel construction. Often, the first suppression system takes the form of a watering system, capable of rapidly supplying a large volume of water to a specific area of ​​concern. In contrast to fire sprinkler systems, which include a network of sprinkler outlets that remain closed until activated, a watering system has a dry side, which includes a network of pipes and outlets that remain open, and a wet side connected to a fire main or other water source, with the dry and wet sides of the watering system separated by a valve known as a watering valve. When the watering valve is open, water enters the dry side of the watering system and is distributed to the area of ​​concern via a network of pipes and open nozzles until the watering valve is closed.

[0004] Given the safety-critical nature of fire suppression systems, sprinkler systems must undergo regular testing and maintenance to ensure they can operate effectively when needed. Typical problems with sprinkler systems include internal corrosion and corrosive deposits, both of which can restrict water flow within the sprinkler system's pipe network and / or block nozzles.

[0005] Conventional testing techniques include "wet tests," in which the watering system is activated during the test period and manually checked for blocked or restricted nozzles by an operator wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. This may involve placing a number of receptacles under a specific area of ​​the watering system to collect the distributed water and comparing the volume of water collected to the expected volume to determine whether the system is functioning within the expected parameters.

[0006] Furthermore, a computer modeling system has been developed that models the specific watering system being tested and uses pressure sensors to calculate the expected fluid pressure at the nozzles. Two locations are checked: near the inlet and near the nozzle furthest from the inlet. When a wet test is performed, the acquired pressure readings are compared to the modeled pressure values ​​to infer whether a problem exists.

[0007] Conventional technologies and equipment have many shortcomings.

[0008] For example, conventional wet testing techniques, including computer modeling systems, rely on wet tests performed whenever information about the condition of a watering system is needed. However, wet tests, by their very nature, rely on supplying large amounts of water to the operating area. Therefore, it is recognized that wet testing tunnels, which can extend over considerable distances in many modern infrastructure tunnels and may include one or more main tunnels as well as a network of support and / or cross-tunnels, can take a considerable amount of time, limiting normal operations. For example, in construction tunnels that form part of a transport infrastructure system, such limitations can have a significant impact on system operations, causing congestion or loss of service, and incurring considerable costs. In particular, exposure to water due to wet testing can also cause corrosion (e.g., corrosion of insulation and / or passive fire protection), accelerated damage to equipment (e.g., grates, railings, frames, etc.), further deterioration of watering pipes (e.g., rust, silt, corrosion, etc.), electrical integrity problems (e.g., transponder rupture), the need for emergency stops (e.g., due to water intrusion), flooded crosswalks and flooded pits, overflowing drainage channels, and damage to pressure control valve systems.

[0009] Furthermore, because personnel are more likely to be exposed to water currents, they must wear protective clothing that may impair their mobility and ability to perform their duties. For those conducting wet tests, wet tests can increase the risk of injury not only from poor visibility and a high risk of slipping, but also from falling objects / objects carried or swept away by the water current. [Overview of the project]

[0010] A part of this disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for testing tunnel fire suppression systems, such as water spraying systems.

[0011] According to the first aspect, The claims described in the attached patent claims A method for testing tunnel fire suppression systems is provided. ru.

[0012] This method eliminates the need to perform periodic wet tests to verify that the sprinkler system is functioning effectively when needed. This offers many significant advantages. For example, the device prevents the time, cost, and inconvenience associated with preparing for and conducting wet tests. Furthermore, personnel are not exposed to water flow, ensuring their work is not disrupted. The device's ability to test the sprinkler system without the need for wet tests also reduces the risk of corrosion in the sprinkler system and other parts of the tunnel. Moreover, the lack of water reduces the environmental impact, which is particularly beneficial when the tunnel is located in a water-scarce area.

[0013] This method makes it possible to identify zones in the sprinkler system where the hydrodynamic performance is low, such as zones with outlets that are blocked or restricted by construction debris or other obstructions, thereby enabling flow straightening work.

[0014] This method may include the step of determining the state of the sprinkler system from the output signal from the outlet.

[0015] As described above, this device has a nozzle arrangement that includes multiple nozzles.

[0016] At least one nozzle, or in certain embodiments all nozzles, may be in the form of a measuring nozzle.

[0017] The nozzle may include a nozzle portion. The nozzle portion may form the outlet of the nozzle. The nozzle portion may form the distal end of the nozzle.

[0018] The nozzle may include a flow tube section.

[0019] The nozzle portion and the flow tube portion may be separate components.

[0020] The nozzle portion may be coupled to the flow tube portion. The proximal end portion of the nozzle portion may be configured to couple to the distal end portion of the flow tube portion. The nozzle portion may be coupled to the flow tube portion by a coupling arrangement. The coupling arrangement may include or take the form of a screw connection. However, it will be understood that any suitable coupling arrangement may be used, including, for example, but not limited to, bayonet-type joints, adhesive bonding, welding, interference fits, push-in connections, etc.

[0021] Alternatively, the nozzle portion and the flow tube portion may be integrally formed.

[0022] The flow tube portion may have a tubular or substantially tubular structure. The length of the flow tube portion may be longer than the length of the nozzle portion.

[0023] The nozzle may be configured to receive a sensor associated with the outlet. ru The nozzle may be configured to receive a sensor associated with the outlet. ru for radial direction and may include a tubular boss portion extending thereto. The boss portion may be formed or coupled to the flow tube portion.

[0024] The nozzle may further include a coupler portion for coupling the flow tube portion to the outlet.

[0025] The coupler portion may be configured to couple to the flow tube portion.

[0026] The proximal end portion of the coupler portion may be configured to couple to the outlet. For example, the proximal end portion of the coupler portion may be threaded and the coupler portion may be configured to couple to the outlet via a nut. However, it will be understood that any suitable coupling arrangement may be used, including, for example, but not limited to, bayonet-type joints, adhesive bonding, welding, interference fits, push-in connections, etc.

[0027] The proximal end of the flow tube portion may be configured to connect to the distal end of the coupler portion. The coupler portion may be connected to the flow tube portion by a screw connection. However, it will be understood that any suitable coupling arrangement may be used, including, but not exclusively, bayonet fittings, adhesive couplings, welds, interlocking fits, push-in connections, etc.

[0028] Alternatively, the coupler portion and the flow pipe portion may be formed integrally.

[0029] Beneficial in this regard, the elongated tubular flow section acts to reduce measurement errors in the sensor's readings. By directing, or in other words straightening, the flow of air through the nozzle, the flow section reduces airflow turbulence that would result in an unstable, swirling flow pattern at the location of the sensor's pressure transducer associated with the outlet.

[0030] This method may include the step of connecting the nozzle configuration to the outlet. For example, if an existing nozzle exists, this method may include the step of replacing the existing nozzle configuration with the above-described nozzle configuration.

[0031] This method may include the step of measuring the airflow rate at the inlet of a sprinkler system, for example, at an input valve. This method may also include the step of outputting an output signal indicating the airflow rate at the inlet. This method may also include the step of transmitting the output signal to a processing system.

[0032] This method may include the step of comparing an output signal indicating the airflow rate at the inlet with (multiple) output signals from the outlet.

[0033] This method may include the step of determining the state of the sprinkler system from compared output signals from the inlet and outlet.

[0034] This method may include the step of determining the state of the sprinkler system by comparing the determined airflow rate at one or more outlets with a reference signal. The reference signal may take the form of the airflow rate in the sprinkler system when the sprinkler system is operational or known to be free of problems.

[0035] This method may include the step of connecting the apparatus of the first embodiment to a watering system. For example, this method may include the step of connecting a blower to the dry side of the watering system.

[0036] This method may include the step of integrating the sensor placement with the watering system.

[0037] This method may include the step of coupling sensors to a selected subset of outlets of a watering system.

[0038] This method may include a step of logging or recording a subset of locations.

[0039] The test period may be between 5 and 120 seconds. For example, the test period may be between 15 and 60 seconds. In certain embodiments, the test period may be 30 seconds.

[0040] This method may include a step of comparing the test results with previous wet tests. This method may include a step of performing a subsequent wet test.

[0041] This method may include a step of comparing the results of the test with the subsequent wet test.

[0042] This method may include a step of performing a sequence test to verify the flow toward each open nozzle. The sequence test may include a step of closing one or more selected nozzles. Closing the selected nozzles allows the airflow to be directed outward from the open nozzles, and the closed nozzles can be read to have higher internal pressures. By inducing this higher pressure, it becomes possible to observe the operation of the sensor and monitor for potential anomalies.

[0043] According to the second aspect, The claims described in the attached patent claims Equipment for testing the watering system is provided. ru .

[0044] During use, the device can be operated to perform a test of the watering system by flowing pressurized air at a low gauge pressure through the watering system during a selected test period, and to measure the air pressure at one or more outlets of the watering system, particularly multiple outlets, though not mutually exclusive.

[0045] This device eliminates the need to perform periodic wet tests to verify that the watering system is functioning effectively when needed. This offers many significant advantages. For example, the device prevents the time, cost, and inconvenience associated with preparing for and conducting wet tests. Furthermore, personnel are not exposed to water flow, ensuring their work is not disrupted. The device's ability to test the watering system without the need for wet tests also reduces the risk of corrosion in the watering system and other parts of the tunnel. In addition, the lack of water reduces the environmental impact.

[0046] This is particularly useful when the tunnel is located in a water-scarce area.

[0047] This device can identify zones in a sprinkler system where the hydrodynamic performance is low, such as zones with outlets that are blocked or restricted by construction debris or other obstructions, and thereby perform flow straightening operations.

[0048] As described above, this device has a nozzle arrangement that includes multiple nozzles.

[0049] At least one nozzle, or in certain embodiments all nozzles, may be in the form of a measuring nozzle.

[0050] The nozzle may include a nozzle portion. The nozzle portion may form the outlet of the nozzle. The nozzle portion may form the distal end of the nozzle.

[0051] The nozzle may include a flow tube section.

[0052] The nozzle portion and the flow tube portion may be separate components.

[0053] The nozzle portion may be coupled to the flow pipe portion. The proximal end portion of the nozzle portion may be configured to be coupled to the distal end portion of the flow pipe portion. The nozzle portion may be coupled to the flow pipe portion by a coupling arrangement. The coupling arrangement may include or take the form of a threaded connection. However, it will be understood that any suitable coupling arrangement may be used, including, but not exclusively, bayonet fittings, adhesive couplings, welds, interference fits, push-in connections, etc.

[0054] Alternatively, the nozzle portion and the flow tube portion may be formed integrally.

[0055] The flow tube portion may be tubular or substantially tubular in structure. The length of the flow tube portion may be longer than the length of the nozzle portion.

[0056] The nozzle receives a sensor associated with the outlet. ru The nozzle may be configured to receive a sensor associated with the outlet. ru It may have a radially extending tubular boss portion. The boss portion may be formed on or joined to the flow tube portion.

[0057] The nozzle may further include a coupler for connecting the flow tube portion to the outlet.

[0058] The coupler portion may be configured to connect to the flow pipe portion.

[0059] The proximal end of the coupler portion may be configured to connect to the outlet. For example, the proximal end of the coupler portion may be threaded, and the coupler portion may be configured to connect to the outlet via a threaded nut. However, it will be understood that any suitable coupling arrangement may be used, including, but not exclusively, bayonet fittings, adhesive couplings, welds, interlocking fits, push-in connections, etc.

[0060] The proximal end of the flow tube portion may be configured to connect to the distal end of the coupler portion. The coupler portion may be connected to the flow tube portion by a screw connection. However, it will be understood that any suitable coupling arrangement may be used, including, but not exclusively, bayonet fittings, adhesive couplings, welds, interlocking fits, push-in connections, etc.

[0061] Alternatively, the coupler portion and the flow pipe portion may be formed integrally.

[0062] Advantageously, the elongated tubular flow tube section acts to reduce measurement errors in the measurements obtained by the sensor. By directing, or in other words straightening, the airflow through the nozzle, the flow tube section reduces airflow turbulence that would result in an unstable, swirling flow pattern at the location of the sensor's pressure transducer associated with the outlet.

[0063] Furthermore, the device has a relatively small footprint. This is particularly beneficial in tunnels, where space is generally limited and it may be difficult to permanently install conventional test equipment.

[0064] The device may include, or take the form of, a permanent installation in the tunnel being tested. At least a portion of the device may be configured to be permanently coupled to a watering system.

[0065] However, it will be recognized that at least a portion of the device may alternatively involve, or take the form of, temporary and / or retrofit installation in the tunnel being tested. At least a portion of the device may be configured to be detachably coupled to a watering system.

[0066] The apparatus may include a processing system, and may be coupled to or operably associated with the processing system.

[0067] In some embodiments, the processing system or a portion of the processing system may form part of the apparatus. Alternatively or additionally, the processing system or a portion of the processing system may be coupled to or operably associated with the system. For example, the processing system may be located in one or more remote locations. The remote locations may include or take the form of a mobile device such as a tablet or mobile phone. Alternatively or additionally, the remote locations may include or take the form of a control room. Alternatively or additionally, the remote locations may include or take the form of a data store such as an on-line data store.

[0068] As mentioned above, the processing system is configured to determine the flow rate of the air supply at one or more outlets.

[0069] Testing a sprinkler system involves evaluating the system's density application rate, that is, whether the system can deliver the necessary flow of water to a specific application area to suppress a fire. The density application rate is given by the following formula:

[0070]

number

[0071] The target area is fixed and determined by the design and subsequent modifications of the sprinkler system. However, if there are limitations within the sprinkler system, the flow rates from (multiple) outlets may vary. At low gauge pressures, air replicates water flow. Therefore, by determining the air flow rate Q (liters / minute) from one or more outlets, the sprinkler system can be tested without the need for wet testing.

[0072] Upstream flow rate and pressure are specific to the system's state. That is, when pressure is plotted against flow rate, every point on the plot is specific to the system's state. This is particularly useful when plotting against a clean system.

[0073] The device may be configured to operate in different modes. For example, the device may be configured to operate in "limit detection" mode. In "limit detection" mode, the device may collect data from some or all of the instruments for limit post-processing and identification. Alternatively or additionally, the device may be configured to operate in "flow assurance" mode. In "flow assurance" mode, the device may analyze only the inlet values ​​(e.g., pressure, flow rate, etc.).

[0074] As mentioned above, the device is configured to be coupled to a watering system. pressure It is equipped with a shrinking machine.

[0076] pressure The compressor may include a pump. The pump may be in the form of a single-stage pump. However, in certain embodiments, the pump may be in the form of a multi-stage pump, i.e., a pump having multiple impeller stages. For example, the pump may include a four-stage multi-stage pump. Alternatively, the pump may include an eight-stage multi-stage pump. However, it will be recognized that the pump may include any appropriate number of stages. The pump may be in the form of a centrifugal pump. In certain embodiments, compressor It is equipped with a multi-stage centrifugal pump. Conveniently, the multi-stage centrifugal pump is pressureEquipped with a compressor, it is possible to guide a flow of air at a high flow rate and relatively low gauge pressure, i.e., higher than atmospheric pressure, into and through the spraying system, eliminating or at least reducing the need for gas sources such as accumulators, air receivers such as banks of compressed air cylinders, and / or pressure regulator skids.

[0077] pressure The compression machine may include a motor. The motor may be coupled to a pump. The motor may be configured to drive the pump. The motor may be directly coupled to the pump. Alternatively, the motor may be indirectly coupled to the pump, for example, via a transmission system. The transmission system may include, for example, a gearbox, a belt drive, or other suitable transmission system.

[0078] pressure The compressor may be equipped with a variable frequency drive (VFD), which may be coupled to or operably associated with it. Advantageously, the variable frequency drive allows for fine adjustment of the pressure or flow rate supplied from the blower or compressor.

[0079] pressure The compression unit may be equipped with or housed within a casing. Therefore, this device may be used, for example, in hazardous areas where gases, vapors, mist, and dust can form an explosive atmosphere with the air.

[0084] place Depending on the circumstances, it may be understood that the device may include a dedicated power source such as a generator.

[0085] pressure The compressor may include, for example, an air compressor with a capacity of 200 SCFM (standard cubic feet / min) to 2000 SCFM (standard cubic feet / min), or take such an form. In certain embodiments, the compressor may include, or take such a form, a 400 SCFM air compressor.

[0086] The device may be configured to control the humidity of the air supply.

[0087] The apparatus may be configured to match the reference humidity with the humidity of the air supplied to the watering system when conducting tests. The reference humidity may take the form of the humidity of the air in the watering system when the watering system is operating or when it is known that there are no obstructions.

[0088] The apparatus may include an air conditioning system. The air conditioning system may include or take the form of an air dryer. The air conditioning system may be configured to output air at a temperature of -40°C or approximately -40°C. The air conditioning system may be configured to control the humidity of the air supply.

[0089] The apparatus may be equipped with a moisture filter. The moisture filter may be installed at the inlet of the blower or compressor. Beneficially, by providing a moisture filter, it may be possible to control the humidity of the air supplied to the apparatus.

[0090] The apparatus, in particular the processing system, may be configured to evaluate errors that may be induced by humidity, (if necessary) style This may indicate a reduction in the minimum humidity level required at the entrance.

[0091] The device may be configured to determine the likelihood of condensation of air blown into the watering system. This may be achieved by mathematical processing of atmospheric humidity and temperature, as well as measurements that may include pressure and temperature, at multiple locations that may be at (multiple) sensor positions within the watering system.

[0092] The device may include an air receiver. The air receiver may include, or take the form of, a storage accumulator. In certain embodiments, the air receiver may include a tank with a capacity of 4000 liters. However, it will be recognized that any suitable air receiver may be used.

[0093] The device may include a control valve, or may be coupled to a control valve. The control valve may include a non-return valve, or may take the form of a non-return valve. The control valve may include a ball valve, or may take the form of a ball valve.

[0094] During use, the control valve may adjust the flow rate to the desired pressure required for the test operation.

[0095] The control valve may form, or be part of, a pressure regulating unit for the device.

[0096] The pressure regulating unit may be configured to connect to the watering system, for example, by a fluid conduit, to a valve. The fluid conduit may include a hose or take the form of a hose.

[0097] The device may be coupled to the system by any suitable means. In certain embodiments, the device may be coupled via one or more of the following: drainage pipes, glue block clamp type tie-ins, or permanent modifications to a sprinkler system.

[0098] The device may be coupled to the system via a sprinkler valve. In certain embodiments, the device may be coupled to the system via a drain valve located behind the sprinkler valve. The device may be coupled to the dry side of the drain valve.

[0099] As described above, the device comprises a sensor arrangement coupled to or operably associated with one or more outlets of a watering system, the sensor arrangement being configured to measure the air pressure at one or more outlets of the watering system and to output one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at one or more outlets.

[0100] The sensor arrangement is configured to be coupled to the outlet of the watering system, or includes sensors that are operably associated with the outlet. ru.

[0101] The sensor arrangement includes multiple sensors.

[0102] At least one sensor may be coupled to or operably associated with the outlet of the sprinkler system.

[0103] The sensor placement may be coupled to or operably associated with a subset of the outlets of the watering system.

[0104] Alternatively, the sensor placement may be coupled to or operably associated with all outlets of the watering system.

[0105] A sensor arrangement coupled to or operably associated with one or more outlets of a sprinkler system may be configured to measure the temperature of the air at one or more outlets.

[0106] The sensor arrangement may include one or more temperature sensors.

[0107] At least one sensor may be configured to be detachably coupled to the watering system.

[0108] The sensor may be provided with a connector for connecting the sensor to the associated outlet. The connector may include a screw connector, a bayonet connector, or other suitable detachable connector.

[0109] At least one sensor may be configured to be permanently coupled to the watering system.

[0110] The sensor may be integrally formed with or coupled to the associated outlet.

[0111] The sensor may be attached to the associated outlet, for example, by adhesive.

[0112] The sensor may be equipped with a rechargeable battery.

[0113] The sensor may include a sensor control module.

[0114] The sensor control module may control the state of the sensor.

[0115] For example, a sensor control module may control whether the sensor should be in an active or sleep state.

[0116] As mentioned above, the sensor arrangement is configured to measure the air pressure at one or more outlets of the watering system.

[0117] The sensor arrangement may include one or more pressure sensors.

[0118] The sensor arrangement may include at least one sensor that is coupled to or operably associated with the inlet to the watering system.

[0119] The sensor arrangement may include one or more sensors configured to measure the airflow in the inlet valve. One or more sensors may include or take the form of a flow meter. The flow meter may include or take the form of a Coriolis flow meter.

[0120] The sensor arrangement may include one or more sensors configured to measure the air pressure at the inlet valve. The sensors may include or take the form of pressure sensors.

[0121] A sensor coupled to or operably associated with the inlet may be configured to measure temperature. The sensor may include a temperature sensor.

[0122] During use, one or more sensors configured to measure the airflow rate may be used at the upstream inlet end to measure either or both the volumetric flow rate and / or mass flow rate. At the downstream end, an additional flow device may be attached to use the pressure sensor readings to derive an equivalent flow rate at the outlet.

[0123] The apparatus may include a filter arrangement. For example, the apparatus may have one or more particulate filters.

[0124] In at least one, and in certain embodiments, all sensors may be temperature-compensated so that no measurement error occurs as a result of ambient temperature fluctuations, or only a minimal measurement error occurs.

[0125] As described above, this device includes a communication configuration configured to transmit one or more output signals from a sensor arrangement to a processing system.

[0126] The communication configuration may include a communication module. The communication module may form part of the sensor, be coupled to the sensor, or be operably associated with the sensor in the sensor configuration.

[0127] In certain embodiments, the communication module includes a wireless communication module. The communication module may be configured to communicate via a cellular communication network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, NFC, IR, satellite communication, or other internet-enabled networks.

[0128] Alternatively or additionally, the communication module may include a wired communication module. The communication module may be configured to communicate via Ethernet® or other wired networks or connections, via telecommunications networks such as POTS, PSTN, DSL, ADSL, optical carrier lines, and / or ISDN links or networks, via the cloud and / or the Internet, or via other suitable data transmission networks.

[0129] The communication module may be configured to communicate via optical communication such as optical wireless communication (OWC), optical free space communication, or Li-Fi, or via optical fibers and / or similar technologies.

[0130] The communication device may include a receiver configured to receive output signals from the sensor configuration. The communication device may also include a transmitter configured to send commands to the sensor configuration, for example, a sensor control module. The communication configuration may also include a transceiver.

[0131] The communication configuration may include a communication module. The communication module may form part of the sensor, be coupled to the sensor, or be operably associated with the inlet valve.

[0132] In certain embodiments, the communication module includes a wireless communication module. The communication module may be configured to communicate via a cellular communication network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, NFC, IR, satellite communication, or other internet-enabled networks.

[0133] Alternatively or additionally, the communication module may include a wired communication module. The communication module may be configured to communicate via Ethernet® or other wired networks or connections, via telecommunications networks such as POTS, PSTN, DSL, ADSL, optical carrier lines, and / or ISDN links or networks, via the cloud and / or the Internet, or via other suitable data transmission networks.

[0134] The communication module may be configured to communicate via optical communication such as optical wireless communication (OWC), optical free space communication, or Li-Fi, or via optical fibers and / or similar technologies.

[0135] The sensor in the inlet valve may include a receiver. The sensor in the inlet valve may include a transmitter. The sensor in the inlet valve may include a transceiver.

[0136] The communication configuration may include a receiver configured to receive output signals from a sensor in the inlet valve. The communication configuration may include a transmitter configured, for example, to send commands to the sensor in the inlet valve to a sensor control module. The communication configuration may also include a transceiver.

[0137] The device may include a data acquisition device, be coupled to it, or be operably associated with it.

[0138] The data acquisition device may be wirelessly coupled to or communicate with the sensor configuration. The data acquisition device may be configured to communicate via a cellular communication network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, NFC, IR, satellite communication, or other internet-enabled networks.

[0139] Alternatively or additionally, the data acquisition device may communicate via Ethernet® or other wired networks or connections, via telecommunications networks such as POTS, PSTN, DSL, ADSL, optical carrier lines, and / or ISDN links or networks, via the cloud and / or the Internet, or via other suitable data transmission networks.

[0140] The data acquisition device may be configured to communicate via optical communication such as optical wireless communication (OWC), optical free space communication, or Li-Fi, or via optical fiber and / or similar.

[0141] The data acquisition device may be coupled to and / or communicate with the facility's control room console. The communication configuration is set up to transmit output signals to the data acquisition device. Alternatively or additionally, the data acquisition device may be coupled to and / or communicate with a remote facility. Alternatively or additionally, the data acquisition device may be coupled to and / or communicate with a mobile device such as a telephone or tablet device.

[0142] The device may include a control system or communicate with one.

[0143] The control system may determine the state of the watering system from the output signals from the sensors.

[0144] The control system may form part of a data acquisition device, or it may consist of another system located at a remote facility, or it may be a cloud-based system.

[0145] The control system may be configured to control the operation of the inlet valve. Beneficially, automatic control of the inlet valve eliminates the need for manual operation, which can lead to inaccurate test results.

[0146] The control system may be configured to control the operation of the sprinkler valve.

[0147] The processing system may form part of the control system.

[0148] The apparatus may include a blower speed, atmospheric pressure, pressure, humidity, temperature, humidity, and pressure at the blower inlet, temperature, pressure, and humidity at the blower outlet, and flow rate at the blower outlet, which may include instruments configured to measure one or more of both volume and mass. The blower speed may also be used to derive the volumetric flow rate and / or mass flow rate.

[0149] Multiple redundancies of instruments may be provided. For example, the device may have multiple instruments for measuring at least one of the above-mentioned characteristics of the device. The instruments for measuring at least one of the above-mentioned characteristics of the device may be installed in one or more locations, in particular, at each location where an instrument is provided.

[0150] The device may be configured to record data from instruments described for a constant airflow rate or air pressure, or for air pressure with respect to a variable flow rate or pressure. An example of the latter is a device that records data from instruments when the flow rate changes continuously between a lower and upper limit. This may be equally applicable to testing either or both of new unrestricted systems or systems that may be restricted.

[0151] The apparatus may be configured to provide pressure zoning. For example, this may include analyzing a section of a sprinkler system by analyzing test results that target the pressure at an upstream location, which may also be the pressure at the same location in the sprinkler system when it was unrestricted / clean.

[0152] Beneficial in this regard, pressure zoning simplifies the analysis of irrigation system tests.

[0153] The sensor arrangement may include one or more sensors installed at joints or intersections of the pipe network of the sprinkler system. This facilitates the pressure zoning described above using sensors.

[0154] According to a third embodiment, a sprinkler system is provided that includes the apparatus of the second embodiment.

[0155] The sprinkler system includes a dry side and a wet side separated by sprinkler valves. The dry side of the sprinkler system has a network of pipes and outlets, which are kept open.

[0156] The sprinkler system may include multiple outlets. One or more outlets of the sprinkler system may be equipped with or take the form of a nozzle.

[0157] According to a fourth aspect, a tunnel is provided that includes the sprinkling system of the third aspect.

[0158] The tunnel may include or take the form of a highway tunnel. The tunnel may include or take the form of a railway tunnel.

[0159] According to the fifth aspect, in the first period, the first aspect direction The steps include: performing the law to provide a first test dataset showing the state of the sprinkler system, and the first aspect of direction A method is provided which includes the steps of performing a wet test over a period of time or a second period to provide a second test dataset indicating the condition of the sprinkler system, and outputting the first dataset and the second dataset.

[0160] This method may include the step of performing a comparison between a first dataset and a second dataset to determine the state of the irrigation system.

[0161] Beneficial in that this method allows for monitoring the status of the irrigation system.

[0162] In another embodiment, a processing system is provided which is configured to implement one or more of the previous embodiments.

[0163] The processing system may include at least one processor. The processing system may also include at least one datastore or memory, and / or be configured to access it. The datastore or memory may contain, or be configured to receive, operation instructions or programs that specify the operation of at least one processor. At least one processor may be configured to process and implement operation instructions or programs.

[0164] At least one datastore may include optical storage or disks such as CDs or DVDs, flash drives, SD devices, one or more memory chips such as DRAMs, network-attached drives (NADs), cloud storage, magnetic storage such as tapes or magnetic disks or hard drives, and / or readers, drives or other means configured to access them.

[0165] The processing system may include a network or interface module. The network or interface module may be connected to or connectable to a network connection or data carrier, which may include wired or wireless network connections or data carriers such as data cables, power line data carriers, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, Zigbee, Internet connections, or other similar connections. The network interface may include routers, modems, gateways, etc. The system or processing system may be configured to transmit or otherwise provide voice signals via the network or interface module, for example, via the Internet, intranet, network, or cloud.

[0166] The processing system may comprise one or more processing units. Each processing unit may comprise at least a processor, optionally memory or a data store, and / or a network or interface module. Multiple processing units may communicate with each other via their respective network or interface modules. Multiple processing units may form, comprise, or be composed of, a distributed or server / client-based processing system.

[0167] In another embodiment, a computer program product is provided which, when processed by a suitable processing system, is configured to configure the processing system to implement one or more of the previous embodiments.

[0168] Computer program products may be provided on or contained within a carrier medium. The carrier medium may be temporary or non-temporary. The carrier medium may be tangible or intangible. The carrier medium may contain signals such as electromagnetic signals or electronic signals. The carrier medium may also contain physical media such as disks, memory cards, or memory.

[0169] In another embodiment, a carrier medium is provided, the carrier medium contains a signal, and the signal is processed by a suitable processing system, causing the processing system to implement one or more of the previous embodiments.

[0170] Some embodiments may implement specific functions by computer programs having executable computer-readable instructions for performing the methods of the embodiments, which will be well understood by those skilled in the art. The functions of the computer programs may be implemented by hardware (e.g., by a CPU or one or more ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits)) or by a combination of hardware and software.

[0171] While specific parts of the device have been described here, in alternative embodiments, one or more functions of those parts of the device may be provided by a single unit, processing resource, or other component, or functions provided by a single unit may be provided by a combination of two or more units or other components. For example, one or more functions of a processing system may be performed by a single processing device such as a personal computer, or one or more functions, or each function, may be performed in a distributed manner by multiple processing devices, which may be locally connected or remotely distributed.

[0172] The present invention is defined by the appended claims. However, it will be understood that for the purposes of this disclosure, any of the features defined above or described below may be used individually or in combination. For example, a feature described above in relation to one of the above embodiments, or a feature described below in relation to the following detailed description, may be used in any other embodiment, or together may form a new embodiment.

[0173] The following describes these and other embodiments as mere examples, with reference to the attached drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0174] [Figure 1] A schematic diagram of the equipment used to test the watering system is shown. [Figure 2] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus. [Figure 3] Figure 1 shows the sensor arrangement of the device. [Figure 4] Figure 1 shows the sensor arrangement of the device. [Figure 5] Figure 1 shows the sensor arrangement of the device. [Figure 6] Figure 1 shows the sensor arrangement of the device. [Figure 7] Figure 1 shows the sensor arrangement of the device. [Figure 8] Figure 1 shows the measuring nozzle of the device. [Figure 9] Figure 1 shows the measuring nozzle of the device. [Figure 10] Figure 1 shows the measuring nozzle of the device. [Figure 11] Figure 1 shows the measuring nozzle of the device. [Figure 12] Figure 1 shows the measuring nozzle of the device. [Figure 13] Figure 1 shows the measuring nozzle of the device. [Figure 14] Figure 1 shows the measuring nozzle of the device. [Figure 15] Figure 1 shows the tunnel containing the apparatus. [Figure 16] This shows an alternative device for testing the watering system. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0175] First, referring to Figures 1 and 2 of the attached drawings, an apparatus 10 for testing a tunnel fire suppression system in the form of a water spraying system 12 is shown.

[0176] As shown in the figure, the watering system 12 comprises a dry side 14 and a wet side 16 separated by a watering valve 18. The dry side 14 includes a pipe network 20 and a number of outlets 22, collectively known as a watering set. The device 10 includes a nozzle arrangement, generally represented as 24, which includes discharge nozzles 26 located at the outlets 22. For clarity, not all outlets 22 and nozzles 26 are labeled in Figure 1. The nozzle arrangement 24 includes a sensor arrangement, generally represented as 28, which is coupled to or operably associated with it, and is configured to measure the air pressure at each of the multiple outlets 22 of the watering system 12 and to output one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at one or more outlets 22.

[0177] The illustrated apparatus 10 is equipped with a compressor 30, which in the illustrated apparatus 10 takes the form of a 400 SCFM (standard cubic feet / min) air compressor. However, the compressor may take any suitable form, and it would be recognized that it may include, for example, a 200 SCFM (standard cubic feet / min) air compressor to a 2000 SCFM (standard cubic feet / min) air compressor, or may take the form of such a compressor, although this is not exclusive.

[0178] The compressor 30 is classified as Zone 2 as defined in DSEAR (Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002). As shown in Figure 2, the compressor 30 includes a pump 32 and a motor 34 that drives the pump 32.

[0179] When in use, the compressor 30 is configured to take in air at atmospheric pressure and supply exhaust air to the watering system 12 at an air pressure higher than atmospheric pressure so that it enters and passes through the watering system 12.

[0180] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the apparatus 10 includes an air conditioning unit 36. The air conditioning unit 36 ​​is coupled to the compressor 30 by a fluid conduit 38. In the illustrated apparatus 10, the air conditioning unit 36 ​​takes the form of an air dryer. The air conditioning unit 36 ​​is also classified as Zone 2 as defined in DSEAR (Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002).

[0181] When in use, the air conditioning unit 36 ​​is configured to output air at a temperature of -40°C or approximately -40°C. The air conditioning unit 36 ​​may also be configured to control the humidity of the air supplied to the watering system 12.

[0182] The apparatus 10 is equipped with an air receiver 40, which in the illustrated apparatus 10 takes the form of one or more storage accumulators. The air receiver 40 is connected to the air conditioning unit 36 ​​by a fluid conduit 42 (shown in Figure 2). In the illustrated apparatus 10, the air receiver 40 is equipped with a tank with a capacity of 4000 liters. However, it will be recognized that any suitable air receiver may be used.

[0183] As shown in Figure 1, the device 10 includes a pressure adjustment unit 44. The pressure adjustment unit 44 is connected to the air receiver 40 by a fluid conduit 46.

[0184] The pressure regulating unit 44 is equipped with a control valve 48 (shown in Figure 2). In the illustrated apparatus 10, the control valve 48 takes the form of a ball valve. When in use, the control valve 48 adjusts the flow to the desired pressure required for test operation. The pressure regulating unit 44 is classified as Zone 1 as defined in DSEAR (Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002).

[0185] As shown in Figure 2, the apparatus 10 includes a flow meter 50. The flow meter 50 is configured to measure the flow rate of air supplied to the watering system 12. In the illustrated apparatus 12, the flow meter 50 takes the form of a Coriolis flow meter. The flow meter 50 is coupled to a control valve 48 by a fluid conduit 52 and to the watering system 12 by a fluid conduit 54.

[0186] As shown in Figure 1, the apparatus 10 includes a digital acquisition (DAQ) device 56 that communicates with a control console 58. The digital acquisition device 56 and / or the control console 58 are classified as Zone 1 as defined in DSEAR (Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002). The control console 58 may communicate with a console 60 in a control room 62. In the illustrated apparatus 10, the control console 58 is integrated with the apparatus 10. However, it will be understood that the control console 58 may alternatively be located remotely from the apparatus 10. In place of or in addition to the console 58, the apparatus 10 may include a mobile device 64 that communicates with the control console 58, the control console 60, the sensor device 28, or one or more other components of the apparatus 10. In the illustrated apparatus 10, the mobile device 64 takes the form of a tablet. However, it will be recognized that the mobile device 64 may alternatively be any suitable mobile device such as a mobile phone. During use, the device 10 may relay information to the user, for example, via a mobile device 64, regarding the watering system 12, the drying test process, or recommended corrective actions.

[0187] During use, as will be described later, the compressor 30 can be operated to supply air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure into and through the watering system 12, and the sensor arrangement 28 can be operated to measure the air pressure at the outlet 22 of the watering system 12 and output an output signal indicating the air pressure at the corresponding outlet 22, which is wirelessly communicated to the data acquisition device 56 via the wireless receiver 68 by the wireless communication arrangement indicated by arrow 66. The wireless receiver 68 is also classified as Zone 1 as defined in DSEAR (Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002).

[0188] In the illustrated apparatus 10, the data acquisition device 56 communicates with the control console 60 via an optical line 70, but it should be recognized that any appropriate means, including wireless communication, may be used for communication with the control console 58.

[0189] The ability of device 10 to perform tests on the watering system 12 without requiring wet tests offers several significant advantages. For example, device 10 prevents the time, cost, and inconvenience associated with preparing for wet tests, such as by arranging a receptacle for collecting water distributed from the watering system 12, as well as the time, cost, inconvenience, and inaccuracies associated with performing wet tests. Furthermore, personnel are not exposed to the water flow, thus ensuring that their work is not disrupted. The ability of device 10 to perform tests on the watering system 12 without requiring wet tests also reduces the risk of corrosion.

[0190] As described above, the device 10 includes a sensor arrangement 28 that is operable to measure the air pressure at the outlet 22 of the watering system 12 and output an output signal indicating the air pressure at the associated outlet 22.

[0191] As shown in Figure 1, and also with reference to the attached Figures 3, 4, and 5, in addition to the sensor arrangement 28 configured to measure the air pressure at each of the multiple outlets 22 of the sprinkler system 12, the system includes a sensor 72 coupled to the sprinkler valve 18, the sensor 72 being operable to measure the air pressure at the sprinkler valve 18 and to output an output signal indicating the air pressure at the sprinkler valve 18.

[0192] As shown in Figure 5, the sensor 72 comprises a pressure transducer 74, a sensor control module 76, a rechargeable battery 78, and a wireless communication transceiver 80. The pressure transducer 74 is configured to measure the air pressure at the sprinkler valve 18 of the sprinkler system 12, which is wirelessly communicated to the data acquisition device 56 by the transceiver 80. Among other control functions, the sensor control module may control whether the sensor 72 is active or in a sleep state. The illustrated sensor 72 further comprises a temperature sensor 82 for measuring temperature, and this data may be transmitted and used by the device 10 for useful analytical purposes, such as calculating the dew point temperature of the air at the sensor 72.

[0193] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the device 10 is coupled to the sprinkler valve 18 of the sprinkler system 12, in particular to the dry side of the drain valve 84 of the sprinkler valve 18. The sensor 72 is also coupled to or operably associated with the dry side of the drain valve 84.

[0194] Next, referring to the attached Figures 6 and 7, the sensor arrangement 28 includes a sensor 86 for measuring the air pressure at the outlet 22. As shown in Figure 7, the sensor 86 includes a pressure transducer 88, a sensor control module 90, a rechargeable battery 92, and a wireless communication transceiver 94.

[0195] The pressure transducer 88 is configured to measure the pressure of the air at the outlet 22, which is then wirelessly communicated to the data acquisition device 56 by the transceiver 94. Among other control functions, the sensor control module 90 may control whether the sensor 86 is in an active or sleep state. The illustrated sensor 86 further comprises a temperature sensor 96 for measuring temperature, and this data may be transmitted and used by the device 10 for useful analytical purposes, such as calculating the dew point temperature of the air at the sensor 86.

[0196] As air exits the outlet 22, the air pressure is measured by a sensor 86 located at the outlet 22. The transceiver 94 of the sensor 86 is then operable to transmit an output signal to a data acquisition device 56 via a wireless receiver 68.

[0197] The transceivers 80 and 94, together with the radio receiver 68, form the communication arrangement 66 of the device 10.

[0198] As mentioned above, and also referring to the attached Figures 8 to 14, the apparatus 10 includes a nozzle arrangement 24 comprising a plurality of discharge nozzles 26, which in the illustrated apparatus 10 take the form of metering nozzles.

[0199] As shown in the figure, each discharge nozzle 26 includes a nozzle portion 98 that forms the outlet of the discharge nozzle 26, and a flow pipe portion 100.

[0200] The nozzle portion 98 forms the distal end of the discharge nozzle 26. The nozzle portion 98 is connected to the flow tube portion 100. The proximal end portion 102 of the nozzle portion 98 is configured to be connected to the distal end portion 104 of the flow tube portion 100. In the illustrated discharge nozzle 26, the nozzle portion 98 is connected to the flow tube portion 100 by a screw connection 106.

[0201] The flow tube section 100 is tubular or substantially tubular in shape. The length of the flow tube section 100 is longer than the length of the nozzle section.

[0202] The discharge nozzle 26 further includes a coupler portion 108 for connecting the flow pipe portion 100 to the outlet 22.

[0203] The coupler portion 108 is connected to the flow pipe portion 100. In the illustrated discharge nozzle 26, the coupler portion 108 is connected to the flow pipe portion 100 by the engagement of the screw nut 110 with the screw connection 112.

[0204] The discharge nozzle 26 receives the sensor 86. ru It is configured as follows: The discharge nozzle 26 receives the sensor 86. ru for radial direction It is equipped with a tubular boss portion 114 that extends in that direction. The boss portion 114 is formed on or connected to the flow pipe portion 100.

[0205] Beneficial in this regard, the elongated tubular flow section 110 acts to reduce measurement errors in the measurements obtained by the sensor 86. By directing, or in other words straightening, the airflow through the discharge nozzle 26, the flow section 110 reduces airflow turbulence that would result in an unstable, swirling flow pattern at the position of the pressure transducer 88.

[0206] If a test is to be performed, the compressor is activated, and air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure is supplied to and passes through the dry side 14 of the watering system 12 for the duration of the test. Because the air is at a higher pressure than the atmospheric air present in the open dry side 14 of the watering system 12, the air flows through the pipe network 20 to the outlet 22, where it exits the watering system 12. Sensor 72 is configured to measure a measurement of the air pressure at the watering valve 18 of the watering system 12, which is wirelessly communicated to a data acquisition device 56 by a transceiver 80. Sensor 86, coupled to the outlet 22 of the watering system 12, measures the air pressure at the outlet 22 of the watering system 12 and outputs an output signal indicating the air pressure at the outlet 22.

[0207] Next, this method may include determining the state of the sprinkler system 12 from the acquired data. This may include comparing the data from the sprinkler valve 18 with the data measured at the outlet 22. Alternatively or additionally, the air pressure data measured at the outlet 22 may be compared with data from previous tests or previous wet tests using the device 10. In this way, the state of the sprinkler system may be monitored periodically or continuously over time in a manner that was previously impossible.

[0208] As mentioned above, the ability of device 10 to perform tests on the watering system 12 without requiring wet tests offers many significant advantages. For example, the device prevents the time, cost, and inconvenience associated with preparing for wet tests, such as arranging a receptacle to collect water distributed from the watering system 12 and bagging sensitive equipment, as well as the time, cost, inconvenience, and inaccuracies associated with performing wet tests. Furthermore, personnel are not exposed to the water flow, thus ensuring that their work is not disrupted. The ability of device 10 to perform tests on the watering system 12 without requiring wet tests also reduces the risk of corrosion in the watering system 12 and other locations on the installation.

[0209] The following describes a sample calculation illustrating how water flow rate can be determined by measuring air pressure in a simplified system. For incompressible flow, the pressure drop in the pipe is generally given by the Darcy-Weisbach equation. This test is performed at very low pressures, typically at a nozzle outlet pressure less than 0.1 bar above atmospheric pressure. At these low pressures, the Mach number is very low, for example, less than 0.1. At very low Mach numbers, air can be said to be in the incompressible flow region. Although there is actually compression, the difference between using the more complex compressible flow calculation and the incompressible flow calculation is less than 1% error. Therefore, the analysis can be simplified by using the incompressible flow calculation.

[0210] Consider a simple pipe with a nozzle at one end. The pressure loss across this pipe can be calculated using the following formula.

[0211]

number

[0212] Here, L = pipe length, D = pipe diameter, μ = fluid velocity, ρ = fluid density, and ff = pipe friction coefficient.

[0213] Constants may be removed in order to determine the ratio of water pressure loss to air pressure loss.

[0214]

number

[0215] Therefore, the following is given:

[0216]

number

[0217] Typically, seawater is used for water spraying tests, ρ Water = 1027 kg / m³ ρ Air = 1.225 kg / m³, μWater = 6 m / sec (fire systems are typically designed to avoid flow velocities exceeding 6 m / sec), and μAir = 25 m / sec (equivalent air velocity in a dry flow test).

[0218] Therefore, the following applies:

[0219]

number

[0220] The following is a brief comparison of air pressure loss and water pressure loss.

[0221] [Table 1]

[0222] Initial wet tests are performed to bring system 12 into operation. During this time, the density application rate is verified, and it is confirmed that the spray pattern is suitable for the purpose. Typically, the tests are performed against the expected output from the hydraulic modeling package.

[0223] Once system 12 is validated and the pressure loss in water with respect to the pipe network is determined, a dry test is performed using apparatus 10, which determines the loss in air, known as the master signature.

[0224] After a certain period, for example, one year later, a further dry test is performed using the device 10, but this time there is debris accumulated in the pipeline (for example, an accidental discharge has introduced marine debris into the piping).

[0225] Using the same inlet pressure at point A, the pressure loss will be higher due to limitations within the pipeline, resulting in a lower outlet pressure.

[0226] [Table 2]

[0227] For the same inlet pressure at A, the pressure at B is as follows:

[0228]

number

[0229] If the typical K coefficient for the nozzle at B is 25, the flow rate at B during the initial test will be as follows:

[0230]

number

[0231] However, this time it will be as follows:

[0232]

number

[0233] This makes it possible to verify the condition of the watering system.

[0234] An example of a testing setup using this device is shown below.

[0235] During the first application, the following are determined: whether the watering system 12 is in good condition, whether the nozzles are seeing the correct pressure, whether the time it takes for the furthest nozzle to reach the desired pressure, whether the spray pattern is correct, and L / m 2 A wet test and / or inspection is performed on the sprinkler system 12 to determine whether there is a flow rate of one minute or more. Drainage (not shown) may also be checked to ensure that it is functioning correctly.

[0236] The pressure at the inlet and outlet nozzles of the sensor arrangement 26 of the device 10 is measured.

[0237] The device 10 operates to remove water by flowing at maximum flow rate for 5 to 20 minutes, depending on the size of the watering system 12.

[0238] The compressor 30 slowly increases the flow until it reaches the maximum pressure. The sensor configuration 28 monitors the pressure, and the communication configuration relays the detected pressure data to the processing system, control station, and / or data store. This forms the master signature of the system 12.

[0239] Device 10 is operable to check for piping or nozzle problems by dividing system 12 into a plurality of sections. By dividing system 12 into different sections, the device creates a priority list for the operator in case a problem is found according to the severity of a given limit.

[0240] The inlet pressure recorded during the rise of the master signature will be recognized as a characteristic of the clean system. Therefore, there is no limit if the new signature pressure response matches the master signature.

[0241] Next, the pressure output of compressor 30 is decreased so that compressor 30 enters the incompressible flow region. Next, device 10 is operated to determine the flow for a specific test as described above.

[0242] The airflow requirements for the test vary from system to system. For example, in the case of a 12-nozzle system, it is estimated that compressed air at 0.25 Bar and approximately 200 ft 3 per minute is required at the nozzle.

[0243] The pressure loss through the nozzle is approximately 1 / 2.ρ.U 2 assuming an incompressible fluid, regardless of the fluid.

[0244] Therefore, for the same pressure drop in both fluids, (1 / 2.ρ.U 2 ) w =(1 / 2.ρ.U 2 ) ' a where w = water and a = air.

[0245] Therefore, U a / U w ≈(1000 / 1.2) 1 / 2 ≈29 [U = velocity].

[0246] Therefore, V a / V w ≈(1000 / 1.2) 1 / 2≈29 [V = volumetric flow rate].

[0247] The nozzle is designed to supply 285 liters / minute of water with a pressure drop of 0.5 bar. This means 202 liters / minute of water with a pressure drop of 0.25 bar, and therefore approximately 5860 liters / minute of air with a pressure drop of 0.25 bar.

[0248] 5860 in ≈ 5.86 m 3 / min≒200ft 3 / min@0.25bar This estimation makes it possible to plan, but each system is fully simulated in software to understand the expected air pressure at each nozzle for a perfectly fitted system.

[0249] Figure 15 shows the tunnel T equipped with the device 10.

[0250] It should be recognized that the above-described apparatus is merely illustrative and that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention described in the claims.

[0251] figure 16 shows alternative device 1010. This device 1010 is similar to device 10, but differs in that the compressor 30 and air receiver 40 are replaced by a blower 1030.

[0252] The blower 1030 is mounted on a movable skid 1116 having wheels 1118 and is connected to a sprinkler valve 18 via a fluid conduit 1120. In the illustrated apparatus 1010, the blower 1030 includes a multi-stage centrifugal pump type pump 1032 and a motor 1034.

[0253] When in use, the blower 1030 is configured to take in air at atmospheric pressure and supply exhaust air to the watering system 12 at an air pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.

[0254] Beneficially, the blower 1030 is capable of directing a flow of air at a high flow rate and relatively low gauge pressure, i.e., higher than atmospheric pressure but lower than a high-pressure air system, into and through the sprinkler system 12, thus eliminating, or at least reducing, the need for gas sources such as accumulators, air receivers such as banks of compressed air cylinders, and / or pressure regulator skids.

[0255] The blower 1030 occupies a relatively small footprint compared to conventional test equipment. This is particularly beneficial in offshore installations such as platforms and rigs, where the size and weight limitations of transport to and from the installation and / or deck space are usually restricted, which can prevent the permanent installation of conventional test equipment.

[0256] As mentioned above, See Figures 1-15. The above apparatus is merely illustrative and can be modified in various ways without departing from the scope of the invention as described in the claims. For example, the apparatus may instead include an air mover.

Claims

1. A method for testing a tunnel fire suppression system in the form of a water spraying system having a wet side and a dry side separated by a valve, The steps include providing pressurized air through the sprinkler system using a compressor connected to the sprinkler system, A step of providing a sensor arrangement, wherein the sensor arrangement is One or more sensors configured to measure the air pressure at the inlet valve to the sprinkling system and output one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at the inlet valve, One or more sensors configured to measure the air pressure at each of the multiple outlets of the sprinkler system and output one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at each of the multiple outlets, A step comprising, A step of providing a nozzle configuration, wherein the nozzle configuration comprises a plurality of nozzles, each nozzle being positioned or coupled to one of the plurality of outlets of the watering system, and the nozzle configuration comprises a sensor arrangement, which is coupled to or operably associated with the sensor arrangement. The steps include measuring the air pressure at the inlet valve of the sprinkler system and outputting one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at the inlet valve, The steps include measuring the air pressure at the plurality of outlets of the sprinkler system and outputting one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at each of the plurality of outlets, A step of transmitting the output signals indicating the air pressure at the inlet valve and the air pressure at each of the plurality of outlets to a processing system, wherein the processing system is configured to compare the one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at the inlet valve with the output signals from each of the plurality of outlets, and to determine the flow rate of the air supply at the plurality of outlets from the one or more output signals. Methods that include...

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of determining the state of the sprinkler system from one or more output signals from each of the plurality of outlets.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the step of connecting the nozzle configuration to the plurality of outlets.

4. The method according to claim 3, comprising the step of replacing an existing nozzle configuration with the nozzle configuration.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the step of measuring the flow rate of air at the inlet valve of the sprinkler system and outputting an output signal indicating the flow rate of air at the inlet valve.

6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the step of comparing the output signal indicating the flow rate of air in the inlet valve with one or more output signals from the plurality of outlets.

7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising the step of determining the state of the sprinkler system from compared output signals from the inlet valve and the plurality of outlets.

8. The method according to claim 5, 6, or 7, further comprising the step of determining the state of the watering system by comparing the flow rate of the air at the plurality of outlets with a reference signal.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the step of comparing the results of a previous wet test with those of the method.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising the step of performing a subsequent wet test.

11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of comparing the results of the subsequent wet test with those of the method.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising the step of performing a sequence test to verify the flow toward each of the plurality of nozzles.

13. Apparatus for testing a tunnel fire suppression system in the form of a water spraying system having a wet side and a dry side separated by a valve, A compressor configured to be coupled to the inlet valve of the sprinkler system, and configured to provide pressurized air through the sprinkler system from the inlet valve to a plurality of outlets, Sensor arrangement, One or more sensors configured to measure the air pressure at the inlet valve to the sprinkling system and output one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at the inlet valve, One or more sensors configured to measure the air pressure at each of the plurality of outlets of the sprinkler system and output one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at each of the plurality of outlets, A sensor arrangement that includes, A nozzle configuration comprising multiple nozzles, each nozzle being positioned or coupled to one of the multiple outlets of the watering system, the nozzle configuration comprising a sensor in the sensor configuration configured to measure the air pressure at each of the multiple outlets of the watering system, and coupled to or operably associated with the sensor, A communication configuration is configured to transmit to the processing system, based on the sensor arrangement, one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at the inlet valve and one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at each of the plurality of outlets. Equipped with, The processing system is configured to compare one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at the inlet valve with one or more output signals indicating the air pressure at each of the plurality of outlets, and to determine the flow rate of the air supply at the plurality of outlets from the output signals.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein at least one of the plurality of nozzles in the nozzle configuration includes a measuring nozzle or takes the form of a measuring nozzle.

15. The apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, wherein at least one of the plurality of nozzles is provided with a flow tube portion.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the flow tube portion is tubular or substantially tubular in structure.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the length of the flow tube portion is longer than the length of the nozzle portion of the nozzle.

18. The apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the nozzle is configured to receive the sensor configured to measure the pressure of the air at the outlet.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, as dependent on claim 15, wherein the nozzle comprises a radially extending tubular boss portion for receiving the sensor configured to measure the pressure of the air at the outlet, the boss portion being formed or coupled to the flow tube portion.

20. The apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the sensor arrangement comprises one or more sensors configured to measure the flow rate of the air in the inlet valve and to output one or more output signals indicating the flow rate of the air in the inlet valve.

21. A watering system comprising the apparatus described in any one of claims 13 to 20.

22. A tunnel comprising the watering system described in claim 21.

23. The steps include: providing a first test dataset indicating the state of a sprinkler system by performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 during a first period; The steps include: performing a wet test or the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 during a second period to provide a second test dataset indicating the state of the watering system; The steps include outputting the first test dataset and the second test dataset, and Methods that include...

24. A processing system configured to implement the method described in any one of claims 1 to 12 or 23.

25. A computer program product configured, when processed by an appropriate processing system, to cause the processing system to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 23.

26. A carrier medium, wherein the carrier medium includes a signal, and the signal, when processed by a suitable processing system, causes the processing system to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 23.

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