Methods and stations in wireless LAN (Local Area Network) systems

Abstract

To provide a method and an apparatus for receiving a PPDU on which BCC interleaving has been performed, in a multi-RU in a wireless LAN system.SOLUTION: Specifically, a receiving STA receives a PPDU including a data field from a transmitting STA and decodes the data field. The data field is received via a Multi-RU in which a first RU and a second RU are aggregated. The data field is generated based on a coded bit string included in a BCC interleaver block. The coded bit string is obtained by interleaving a data bit string based on first and second parameters. The data bit string is interleaved as the data bit string is entered into the BCC interleaver block in rows based on the first parameter and is read out in columns of the BCC interleaver block based on the second parameter.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 26

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This specification relates to a technology for receiving data via Multi-RU in a wireless LAN system, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for receiving PPDU with BCC interleaving performed in Multi-RU. [Background technology]

[0002] Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been improved in various ways. For example, the IEEE 802.11ax standard proposed an improved communication environment using OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) and DL MU MIMO (downlink multi-user multiple input, multiple output) technologies.

[0003] This specification proposes technical features that can be utilized in new communication standards. For example, the new communication standard is the recently discussed EHT (Extreme High Throughput) standard. The EHT standard can utilize newly proposed bandwidth increases, improved PPDU (PHY layer protocol data unit) structures, improved sequencing, and HARQ (Hybrid automatic repeat request) technology. The EHT standard can be called the IEEE 802.11be standard.

[0004] New wireless LAN standards utilize an increased number of spatial streams. In this case, signaling techniques within the wireless LAN system need to be improved to properly utilize the increased number of spatial streams. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] This specification proposes a method and apparatus for receiving PPDUs with BCC interleaving performed in a Multi-RU in a wireless LAN system. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] One example in this specification proposes a method for receiving PPDU.

[0007] This embodiment is executed in a network environment that supports a next-generation wireless LAN system (IEEE 802.11be or EHT wireless LAN system). The next-generation wireless LAN system is an improved version of the 802.11ax system and can satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11ax system.

[0008] This embodiment proposes a method for assigning a Multi-RU (or MRU) supported in an 802.11be wireless LAN system to a single STA and performing BCC interleaving on the data bit sequence contained in the data field of a PPDU when transmitting the PPDU. In particular, this embodiment proposes a method for defining BCC parameters to perform BCC interleaving when transmitting a Multi-RU. The Multi-RU refers to an aggregated RU consisting of multiple consecutive or discontinuous RUs.

[0009] This embodiment is performed on a receiving STA and corresponds to an STA that supports an EHT (Extremely High Throughput) wireless LAN system. The transmitting STA in this embodiment corresponds to an AP (access point).

[0010] The receiving STA (station) receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) containing data fields from the transmitting STA.

[0011] The receiving STA decodes the data field.

[0012] The aforementioned data field is received via a Multiple-Resource Unit (Multi-RU), which is an aggregated version of a first Resource Unit (RU) and a second RU.

[0013] The aforementioned data field is generated based on the coded bit string contained within the BCC interleaver (Binary Convolution Coding interleaver) block.

[0014] The encoded bit sequence is obtained by interleaving the data bit sequence based on the first and second parameters. Specifically, the data bit sequence is interleaved by entering it into rows of the BCC interleaver block based on the first parameter and reading it out in columns of the BCC interleaver block based on the second parameter. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] According to the embodiments proposed herein, by proposing BCC interleaver parameters in Multi-RU, there is a benefit in terms of frequency diversity through BCC encoding and interleaving during Multi-RU transmission, thereby providing a new effect of increasing overall throughput. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0016] [Figure 1] An example of a transmitting and / or receiving device as described herein is shown. [Figure 2] This is a conceptual diagram illustrating the structure of a wireless LAN (WLAN). [Figure 3] This is a diagram illustrating the normal link setup process. [Figure 4] This is a diagram showing an example of a PPDU used in IEEE standards. [Figure 5] This diagram shows the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 20MHz bandwidth. [Figure 6] This diagram shows the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 40MHz bandwidth. [Figure 7] This diagram shows the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 80MHz bandwidth. [Figure 8] The structure of the HE-SIG-B field is shown. [Figure 9] This demonstrates an example where multiple User STAs are assigned to the same RU via MU-MIMO technology. [Figure 10] This shows the operation related to UL-MU. [Figure 11] An example of a trigger frame is shown. [Figure 12] An example of the common information field in a trigger frame is shown below. [Figure 13] An example of a subfield included in the per-user information field is shown below. [Figure 14] This section explains the technical characteristics of UORA technology. [Figure 15] An example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4GHz band is shown. [Figure 16] This shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5GHz band. [Figure 17] This shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6GHz band. [Figure 18] An example of a PPDU used in this specification is shown below. [Figure 19] The following are examples of modifications of the transmitting and / or receiving devices described herein. [Figure 20] This shows an example of a PHY transmission procedure for HE SU PPDU. [Figure 21] An example block diagram of a transmitter that generates HE PPDU data fields using BCC encoding is shown. [Figure 22] This drawing shows an example of block interleaving application applicable to the embodiments described herein. [Figure 23] This shows an example of how DCM technology is applied to data. [Figure 24] This is a procedure flowchart illustrating the operation of the transmitting device according to this embodiment. [Figure 25] This is a procedure flowchart illustrating the operation of the receiving device according to this embodiment. [Figure 26] This flowchart shows the procedure for the transmitting STA in this embodiment to transmit a PPDU. [Figure 27] This flowchart shows the procedure for the receiving STA in this embodiment to receive the PPDU. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0017] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "just A," "just B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "just A," "just B," "just C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0018] In this specification, slashes ( / ) and commas can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" can mean "just A", "just B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B or C".

[0019] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" can mean "just A," "just B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" and "at least one of A and / or B" can be interpreted in the same way as "at least one of A and B."

[0020] Furthermore, in this specification, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "just A," "just B," "just C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Also, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0021] Furthermore, parentheses used in this specification can mean "for example." Specifically, when "control information (PDCCH)" is shown, "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." Also, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDDCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, when "control information (i.e., PDCCH)" is shown, "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information."

[0022] In this specification, technical features described individually within a single drawing may be represented individually or simultaneously.

[0023] The following examples in this specification apply to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following examples in this specification apply to wireless LAN (wireless local area network, WLAN) systems. For example, this specification applies to the IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac standards and the IEEE 802.11ax standard. This specification also applies to newly proposed EHT standards or IEEE 802.11be standards. Furthermore, the examples in this specification also apply to new wireless LAN standards that improve upon the EHT standards or IEEE 802.11be. In addition, the examples in this specification apply to mobile communication systems. For example, this specification applies to mobile communication systems based on LTE (Long Term Evolution) and its evolution based on 3GPP® (3rd Generation Partnership Project) standards. Furthermore, the examples in this specification apply to 5GNR standard communication systems based on 3GPP standards.

[0024] The following describes the technical features to which this specification applies in order to explain the technical features of this specification.

[0025] Figure 1 shows an example of a transmitting and / or receiving device as described herein.

[0026] An example in Figure 1 can perform various technical features described below. Figure 1 relates to at least one STA (station). For example, STAs 110 and 120 in this specification are referred to by various names such as mobile terminal, wireless device, Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Subscriber Unit, or simply user. STAs 110 and 120 in this specification are referred to by various names such as network, base station, node-B, access point (AP), repeater, router, and relay. STAs 110 and 120 in this specification are referred to by various names such as receiving device, transmitting device, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving device, and transmitting device.

[0027] For example, STA 110 and 120 can perform either an AP (Access Point) role or a non-AP role. That is, STA 110 and 120 as described herein can perform AP and / or non-AP functions. In this specification, AP may also be referred to as AP STA.

[0028] The STA 110 and 120 described herein can support various communication standards other than the IEEE 802.11 standard. For example, they can support communication standards related to 3GPP standards (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5GNR standards). Furthermore, the STA described herein can be implemented in various devices such as mobile phones, vehicles, and personal computers. In addition, the STA described herein can support communication for various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communication, and autonomous driving.

[0029] In this specification, STA 110 and 120 may include medium access control (MAC) and a physical layer interface to the wireless medium in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0030] Based on Figure 1(a), STA 110 and 120 can be explained as follows.

[0031] The first STA 110 includes a processor 111, memory 112, and a transceiver 113. The indicated processor, memory, and transceiver may each be implemented as separate chips, or at least two or more blocks / functions may be implemented via a single chip.

[0032] The transceiver 113 of the first STA performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0033] For example, the first STA 110 can perform the intended operation of the AP. For example, the AP's processor 111 can receive signals via the transceiver 113, process the received signals, generate the transmit signals, and perform control for signal transmission. The AP's memory 112 can store signals received via the transceiver 113 (i.e., received signals) and signals transmitted via the transceiver (i.e., transmitted signals).

[0034] For example, the second STA 120 can perform the intended operation of a Non-AP STA. For example, the non-AP transceiver 123 performs the operation of transmitting and receiving signals. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0035] For example, the Non-AP STA processor 121 can receive signals via the transceiver 123, process the received signals, generate transmission signals, and perform control for signal transmission. The Non-AP STA memory 122 can store signals received via the transceiver 123 (i.e., received signals) and signals transmitted via the transceiver (i.e., transmitted signals).

[0036] For example, in the following specification, the operation of a device indicated as AP is performed in the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, if the first STA 110 is AP, the operation of the device indicated as AP is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and the relevant signals are transmitted or received via a transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110. Control information related to the operation of AP and the AP's transmit / receive signals are stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110. If the second STA 110 is AP, the operation of the device indicated as AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and the relevant signals are transmitted or received via a transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. Control information related to the operation of AP and the AP's transmit / receive signals are stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 110.

[0037] For example, in the following specification, the operation of a device indicated as non-AP (or User-STA) is performed in the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, if the second STA 120 is non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as non-AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and the relevant signals are transmitted or received via the transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. In addition, control information and AP transmission / reception signals related to the operation of the non-AP are stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120. For example, if the first STA 110 is non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as non-AP is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and the relevant signals are transmitted or received via the transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 120. In addition, control information and AP transmission / reception signals related to the operation of the non-AP are stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110.

[0038] In the following specification, devices referred to as (transmit / receive)STA, 1stSTA, 2ndSTA, STA1, STA2, AP, 1stAP, 2ndAP, AP1, AP2, (transmit / receive)Terminal, (transmit / receive)Device, (transmit / receive)apparatus, network, etc., mean STA 110, 120 in Figure 1. For example, devices referred to as (transmit / receive)STA, 1stSTA, 2ndSTA, STA1, STA2, AP, 1stAP, 2ndAP, AP1, AP2, (transmit / receive)Terminal, (transmit / receive)Device, (transmit / receive)apparatus, network, etc., without specific symbols, also mean STA 110, 120 in Figure 1. For example, in the following example, the operation of various STAs sending and receiving signals (e.g., PPPDU) may be performed by transceivers 113, 123 in Figure 1. Also, in the following example, the operation of various STAs generating transmit / receive signals or performing data processing or calculations in advance for transmit / receive signals may be performed by processors 111, 121 in Figure 1. For example, an example of an operation that generates transmit / receive signals or performs data processing or calculations in advance for transmit / receive signals may include: 1) determining / acquiring / composing / calculating / decoding / encoding bit information for subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) contained within the PPDU; 2) determining / composing / acquiring time resources and frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) contained within the PPDU; 3) determining / composing / acquiring specific sequences (e.g., pilot sequences, STF / LTF sequences, extra sequences applied to SIG) used for subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) contained within the PPDU; 4) power control operations and / or power saving operations applied to the STA; and 5) operations related to determining / acquiring / composing / calculating / decoding / encoding ACK signals.Furthermore, in the following example, various pieces of information used by various STAs for determining / acquiring / composing / calculating / decoding / encoding the transmit / receive signals (e.g., information related to fields / subfields / control fields / parameters / power, etc.) are stored in memories 112 and 122 in Figure 1.

[0039] The apparatus / STA shown in Figure 1(a) above is modified as shown in Figure 1(b). The STAs 110 and 120 described herein will be explained based on Figure 1(b) below.

[0040] For example, the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in Figure 1(b) can perform the same functions as the transceiver shown in Figure 1(a) described above. For example, the processing chips 114 and 12) shown in Figure 1(b) may include processors 111 and 121 and memories 112 and 122. The processors 111 and 121 and memories 112 and 122 shown in Figure 1(b) can perform the same functions as the processors 111 and 121 and memories 112 and 122 shown in Figure 1(a) described above.

[0041] In the following, mobile terminal, wireless device, wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Subscriber Unit, user, user STA, network, base station, Node-B, access point (AP), repeater, router, relay, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving apparatus, and / or transmitting apparatus mean the STAs 110 and 120 shown in Figure 1(a) / (b), or the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in Figure 1(b). That is, the technical features of this specification may be implemented on the STAs 110 and 120 shown in Figure 1(a) / (b), or only on the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in Figure 1(b). For example, the technical characteristic of the transmitting STA transmitting control signals can be understood as the technical characteristic that the control signals generated in the processors 111 and 121 shown in Figure 1(a) / (b) are transmitted via the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in Figure 1(a) / (b). Alternatively, the technical characteristic of the transmitting STA transmitting control signals can be understood as the technical characteristic that the control signals transmitted to the transceivers 113 and 123 are generated in the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in Figure 1(b).

[0042] For example, the technical characteristic of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as the technical characteristic of the control signal being received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in Figure 1(a). Alternatively, the technical characteristic of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as the technical characteristic of the control signal received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in Figure 1(a) being acquired by the processors 111 and 121 shown in Figure 1(a). Alternatively, the technical characteristic of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as the technical characteristic of the control signal received by the transceivers 113 and 123 shown in Figure 1(b) being acquired by the processing chips 114 and 124 shown in Figure 1(b).

[0043] Referring to Figure 1(b), the memory 112 and 122 contain software code 115 and 125. The software code 115 and 125 contains instructions that control the operation of the processor 111 and 121. The software code 115 and 125 are contained in various programming languages.

[0044] The processors 111, 121 or processing chips 114, 124 shown in Figure 1 may include ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits), other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing devices. A processor is an AP (application processor). For example, the processors 111, 121 or processing chips 114, 124 shown in Figure 1 may include at least one of the following: a DSP (digital signal processor), a CPU (central processing unit), a GPU (graphics processing unit), or a modem (modulator and demodulator). For example, the processors 111, 121 or processing chips 114, 124 shown in Figure 1 are SNAPDRAGON® series processors manufactured by Qualcomm®, EXYNOS® series processors manufactured by Samsung®, A series processors manufactured by Apple®, HELIO® series processors manufactured by MediaTek®, ATOM® series processors manufactured by Intel®, or improved versions thereof.

[0045] In this specification, "uplink" refers to a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDU / packets / signals, etc., are transmitted via the uplink. Similarly, in this specification, "downlink" refers to a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDU / packets / signals, etc., are transmitted via the downlink.

[0046] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless LAN (WLAN).

[0047] The upper part of Figure 2 shows the structure of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 802.11 Infrastructure BSS (Basic Service Set).

[0048] Referring to the top of Figure 2, a wireless LAN system can include one or more infrastructure BSS 200, 205 (hereinafter referred to as BSS). BSS 200, 205 is not a concept that refers to a specific area, but rather a set of APs and STAs such as APs (access point, 225) and STA1 (Station, 200-1) that can synchronize and communicate with each other. BSS 205 can include one or more connectable STA205-1, 205-2 to a single AP 230.

[0049] The BSS may include at least one STA, AP225 and 230 that provide a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS, 210) that connects multiple APs.

[0050] The distribution system 210 can connect multiple BSS 200 and 205 to implement an extended service set (ESS, 240). ESS240 is a term used to refer to a network formed by one or more APs connected via the distribution system 210. APs included in a single ESS240 share the same SSID (service set identification).

[0051] The portal (portal,220) can act as a bridge to connect a wireless LAN network (IEEE802.11) with other networks (e.g., 802.X).

[0052] In a BSS like the one shown at the top of Figure 2, networks are implemented between AP225 and 230, and between AP225 and 230 and STAs (200-1, 205-1, 205-2). However, it is also possible to configure a network and communicate between STAs without AP225 and 230. A network configured to communicate between STAs without AP225 and 230 is defined as an ad-hoc network or independent BSS (independent basic service set, IBSS).

[0053] The lower part of Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing IBSS.

[0054] Referring to the bottom of Figure 2, IBSS is a BSS that operates in ad-hoc mode. Since IBSS does not include APs, there is no centralized management entity that performs management functions in a central location. That is, in IBSS, STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) are managed in a distributed manner. In IBSS, all STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) are configured as mobile STAs and are not allowed to connect to the distribution system, thus forming a self-contained network.

[0055] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the normal link setup process.

[0056] In the S310 step shown, the STA can perform an operation to find a network. This operation to find a network may include the STA's scanning operation. That is, in order for the STA to access a network, it needs to find a network it can join. Before the STA can join a wireless network, it needs to identify compatible networks, and the process of identifying networks that exist in a particular area is called scanning. There are two scanning methods: active scanning and passive scanning.

[0057] Figure 3 illustrates the process of finding a network, including the active scanning process. In active scanning, the STA performing the scanning moves to a different channel and sends a probe request frame to search for nearby APs, and waits for a response. The responder sends a probe response frame to the STA that sent the probe request frame. Here, the responder is the STA that last sent a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned. In BSS, APs send beacon frames, so APs become the responders, while in IBSS, STAs within IBSS return and send beacon frames, so the responder is not constant. For example, an STA that sent a probe request frame on channel 1 and received a probe response frame on channel 1 can store the BSS-related information contained in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) and perform scanning in the same way (i.e., sending and receiving probe requests / responses on channel 2).

[0058] Although not shown as an example in Figure 3, scanning operations can also be performed using a passive scanning method. An STA performing scanning based on passive scanning can wait for beacon frames while moving between channels. In IEEE 802.11, beacon frames are one of the management frames, used to announce the presence of a wireless network and are periodically transmitted to the scanning STA to find the wireless network and join it. In BSS, APs perform the role of periodically transmitting beacon frames, and in IBSS, STAs within IBSS return and transmit beacon frames. When a scanning STA receives a beacon frame, it stores the information about the BSS contained in the beacon frame and records the beacon frame information on each channel while moving to other channels. An STA that receives a beacon frame stores the BSS-related information contained in the received beacon frame and can move to the next channel and perform scanning on the next channel in the same way.

[0059] Once the STA discovers the network, it can perform an authentication process via step S320. This authentication process is referred to as the first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security configuration operation in step S340, which will be described later. The authentication process in S320 may include a process in which the STA sends an authentication request frame to the AP, and in response, the AP sends an authentication response frame to the STA. The authentication frame used in the authentication request / response corresponds to the management frame.

[0060] The authentication frame may include information such as the authentication algorithm number, authentication transaction sequence number, status code, challenge text, RSN (Robust Security Network), and finite cyclic group.

[0061] The STA can send an authentication request frame to the AP. Based on the information contained in the received authentication request frame, the AP can decide whether or not to grant authentication to the STA. The AP can provide the STA with the result of the authentication process via an authentication response frame.

[0062] A successfully authenticated STA can perform the connection process based on step S330. The connection process involves the STA sending an association request frame to the AP, and the AP responding by sending an association response frame to the STA. For example, the association request frame may include information related to various capabilities, such as the listen interval, SSID (service set identifier), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobile domain, supported operating classes, Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request, and interworking service capabilities. For example, a connection response frame may include information related to various capabilities, such as status code, AID (Association ID), support rate, EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) parameter set, RCPI (Received Channel Power Indicator), RSNI (Received Signal to Noise Indicator), mobility domain, timeout interval (association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, and QoS map.

[0063] Thereafter, in step S340, the STA can execute the security configuration process. The security configuration process in step S340 may include, for example, a process of private key setup via a four-way handshake using an EAPOL (Extesible Authentication Protocol over LAN) frame.

[0064] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a PPDU used in IEEE standards.

[0065] As shown, various forms of PPDU (PHY protocol data unit) are used in standards such as IEEEa / g / n / ac. Specifically, the LTF and STF fields contain training signals, SIG-A and SIG-B contain control information for the receiving station, and the data field contains user data corresponding to the PSDU (MAC PDU / Aggregated MAC PDU).

[0066] Figure 4 also includes an example of an HE PPDU according to the IEEE 802.11ax standard. The HE PPDU in Figure 4 is an example of a PPDU for multiple users, and HE-SIG-B is included only for multiple users; HE-SIG-B is omitted in PPDUs for single users.

[0067] As indicated, the HE-PPDU for Multiple User (MU) may include L-STF (legacy-short training field), L-LTF (legacy-long training field), L-SIG (legacy-signal), HE-SIG-A (high efficiency-signal A), HE-SIG-B (high efficiency-signal B), HE-STF (high efficiency-short training field), HE-LTF (high efficiency-long training field), data field (or MAC payload), and PE (Packet Extension) field. Each field is transmitted during the indicated time interval (i.e., 4 or 8 μs, etc.).

[0068] The resource unit (RU) used in PPDU is described below. A resource unit can contain multiple subcarriers (or tones). Resource units are used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on OFDMA technology. Resource units are also defined when transmitting signals to a single STA. Resource units are used for STF, LTF, data fields, etc.

[0069] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 20MHz bandwidth.

[0070] As shown in Figure 5, Resource Units (RUs) corresponding to different numbers of tones (i.e., subcarriers) can be used to constitute some fields of the HE-PPDU. For example, resources are allocated in the RU units shown for the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields.

[0071] As shown at the top of Figure 5, 26 units (i.e., units corresponding to 26 tones) are arranged. Six tones are used as guard bands in the leftmost band of the 20MHz bandwidth, and five tones are used as guard bands in the rightmost band of the 20MHz bandwidth. In addition, seven DC tones are inserted in the center band, i.e., the DC band, and there may be 26 units corresponding to 13 tones on each side of the DC band. Furthermore, 26, 52, and 106 units are allocated to the other bands. Each unit is allocated for the receiving station, i.e., the user.

[0072] On the other hand, the RU configuration in Figure 5 can be used not only for situations involving multiple users (MU) but also for situations involving a single user (SU), in which case it is possible to use one 242 unit as shown at the bottom of Figure 5, in which case three DC tones are inserted.

[0073] As shown in the example in Figure 5, various sizes of RUs, namely 26RU, 52RU, 106RU, 242RU, etc., are proposed, the specific sizes of such RUs may be expanded or increased, so this embodiment is not limited to the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones).

[0074] Figure 6 is a diagram showing the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 40 MHz bandwidth.

[0075] Similar to how various sizes of RU were used in the example in Figure 5, the example in Figure 6 also uses 26RU, 52RU, 106RU, 242RU, 484RU, etc. In addition, five DC tones are inserted at the center frequency, twelve tones are used as guard bands in the leftmost band of the 40MHz bandwidth, and eleven tones are used as guard bands in the rightmost band of the 40MHz bandwidth.

[0076] Furthermore, as shown, 484 RUs can be used when used for a single user. On the other hand, the specific number of RUs can be changed, as in the example in Figure 4.

[0077] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 80MHz bandwidth.

[0078] Similar to how various RU sizes were used in the examples in Figures 5 and 6, the example in Figure 7 can also use 26RU, 52RU, 106RU, 242RU, 484RU, 996RU, etc. Additionally, seven DC tones are inserted at the center frequency, 12 tones are used as guard bands in the leftmost band of the 80MHz bandwidth, and 11 tones are used as guard bands in the rightmost band of the 80MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, a 26RU configuration can be used, utilizing 13 tones on each side of the DC bandwidth.

[0079] Also, as shown, when used for a single user, the 996RU can be used, in which case five DC tones are inserted.

[0080] The RUs described herein are used in UL (Uplink) and DL (Downlink) communications. For example, when UL-MU communication is solicited by a trigger frame, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can assign a first RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242RU, etc.) to the first STA and a second RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242RU, etc.) to the second STA via the trigger frame. Thereafter, the first STA can transmit a first trigger-based PPDU based on the first RU, and the second STA can transmit a second trigger-based PPDU based on the second RU. The first and second trigger-based PPDUs are transmitted to the AP in the same time interval.

[0081] For example, when a DL MU PPDU is configured, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can assign the first RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242RU) to the first STA and the second RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242RU) to the second STA. That is, within a single MU PPDU, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can transmit the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA via the first RU, and the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the second STA via the second RU.

[0082] Information regarding the RU's placement is signaled via HE-SIG-B.

[0083] Figure 8 shows the structure of the HE-SIG-B field.

[0084] As shown, the HE-SIG-B field 810 includes a common field 820 and a user-specific field 830. The common field 820 can contain information that applies in common to all users receiving the SIG-B (i.e., user STA). The user-specific field 830 can be called a user-specific control field. If the SIG-B is transmitted to multiple users, the user-specific field 830 can apply to only some of the multiple users.

[0085] As shown in Figure 8, the common field 820 and the user-specific field 830 can be encoded separately.

[0086] The common field 820 can contain N*8 bits of RU allocation information. For example, the RU allocation information can contain information about the location of the RUs. For instance, if a 20MHz channel is used as shown in Figure 5, the RU allocation information can contain information about which RUs (26RU / 52RU / 106RU) are placed in which frequency band.

[0087] An example of a case where RU allocation information consists of 8 bits is as follows:

[0088] [Table 1]

[0089] As shown in the example in Figure 5, a maximum of nine 26RUs can be allocated to a 20MHz channel. When the RU allocation information for the common field 820 is set to "00000000" as shown in Table 1, nine 26RUs are allocated to the corresponding channel (i.e., 20MHz). Also, when the RU allocation information for the common field 820 is set to "00000001" as shown in Table 1, seven 26RUs and one 52RU are allocated to the corresponding channel. In other words, in the example in Figure 5, a 52RU is allocated on the far right, and seven 26RUs are allocated to its left.

[0090] Table 1 shows only a portion of the RU locations for which RU allocation information can be displayed.

[0091] For example, RU allocation information may further include the example shown in Table 2 below.

[0092] [Table 2]

[0093] "01000y2y1y0" relates to an example where 106RU is assigned to the leftmost end of a 20MHz channel, and five 26RU are assigned to its right. In this case, a large number of STAs (e.g., User-STAs) are assigned to the 106RU based on MU-MIMO technology. Specifically, up to eight STAs (e.g., User-STAs) are assigned to the 106RU, and the number of STAs (e.g., User-STAs) assigned to the 106RU is determined based on 3-bit information (y2y1y0). For example, if the 3-bit information (y2y1y0) is set to N, the number of STAs (e.g., User-STAs) assigned to the 106RU based on MU-MIMO technology is N+1.

[0094] Typically, multiple RUs are assigned multiple distinct STAs (e.g., User STAs). However, for a single RU exceeding a certain size (e.g., 10⁶ subcarriers), multiple STAs (e.g., User STAs) are assigned based on MU-MIMO technology.

[0095] As shown in Figure 8, the user-specific field 830 can contain multiple user fields. As described above, the number of STAs (e.g., User STAs) assigned to a particular channel is determined based on the RU allocation information in the common field 820. For example, if the RU allocation information in the common field 820 is "00000000", then one User STA is assigned to each of the nine 26RUs (i.e., a total of nine User STAs are assigned). In other words, a maximum of nine User STAs can be assigned to a particular channel via OFDMA technology. Also, a maximum of nine User STAs can be assigned to a particular channel via non-MU-MIMO technology.

[0096] For example, if the RU allocation is set to "01000y2y1y0", the 106 RU located on the far left will be allocated multiple User STAs via MU-MIMO technology, and the five 26 RU located to its right will be allocated five User STAs via non-MU-MIMO technology. This case is illustrated in the example shown in Figure 9.

[0097] Figure 9 shows an example where multiple User STAs are assigned to the same RU via MU-MIMO technology.

[0098] For example, if the RU allocation is set to "01000010" as shown in Figure 9, then, based on Table 2, 106 RUs are allocated to the leftmost end of a particular channel, and five 26 RUs are allocated to its right. Additionally, a total of three User STAs are allocated to the 106 RUs via MU-MIMO technology. As a result, a total of eight User STAs are allocated, allowing the HE-SIG-B user-specific field 830 to contain eight User fields.

[0099] The eight User fields are included in the order shown in Figure 9. Also, as shown in Figure 8, two User fields are implemented within one User block field.

[0100] The User fields shown in Figures 8 and 9 are constructed based on two formats. Specifically, User fields related to MU-MIMO technology are constructed using the first format, while User fields related to non-MU-MIMO technology are constructed using the second format. Referring to an example in Figure 9, User fields 1 through 3 are based on the first format, and User fields 4 through 8 are based on the second format. Either the first or second format can contain the same length (e.g., 21 bits) of bit information.

[0101] Each User field can have the same size (e.g., 21 bits). For example, the User field in the first format (MU-MIMO technology format) is structured as follows:

[0102] For example, the first bit (e.g., B0-B10) within the User field (i.e., 21 bits) can contain identification information for the User STA to which the User field is assigned (e.g., STA-ID, partial AID, etc.). Additionally, the second bit (e.g., B11-B14) within the User field (i.e., 21 bits) can contain information regarding the spatial configuration. Specifically, an example of the second bit (i.e., B11-B14) may be the same as those shown in Tables 3 and 4 below.

[0103] [Table 3]

[0104] [Table 4]

[0105] As shown in Table 3 and / or Table 4, the second bits (i.e., B11-B14) can contain information about the number of Spatial Streams allocated to multiple User STAs allocated by MU-MIMO technology. For example, if three User STAs are allocated to 106RU based on MU-MIMO technology as shown in Figure 9, N_user is set to "3", which determines the values ​​of N_STS[1], N_STS[2], and N_STS[3] as shown in Table 3. For example, if the value of the second bits (B11-B14) is "0011", then N_STS[1]=4, N_STS[2]=1, and N_STS[3]=1. That is, in the example in Figure 9, four Spatial Streams are allocated to User field 1, one Spatial Stream is allocated to User field 2, and one Spatial Stream is allocated to User field 3.

[0106] As shown in the example in Table 3 and / or Table 4, the information regarding the number of spatial streams for a user station (User STA) (i.e., the second bits, B11-B14) consists of 4 bits. Furthermore, the information regarding the number of spatial streams for a user station (User STA) (i.e., the second bits, B11-B14) can support up to 8 spatial streams. Also, the information regarding the number of spatial streams (i.e., the second bits, B11-B14) can support up to 4 spatial streams for a single User STA.

[0107] Additionally, the third bit (i.e., B15-18) within the User field (i.e., 21 bits) can contain MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) information. The MCS information is applied to the data field within the PPDU containing the relevant SIG-B.

[0108] In this specification, MCS, MCS information, MCS index, MCS field, etc., can be represented by specific index values. For example, MCS information can be represented by index 0 to index 11. MCS information may include information about the constellation modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16_QAM, 64_QAM, 256_QAM, 1024_QAM, etc.) and information about the code rate (e.g., 1 / 2, 2 / 3, 3 / 4, 5 / 6, etc.). MCS information may exclude information about the channel coding type (e.g., BSS or LDPC).

[0109] Additionally, the fourth bit (i.e., B19) within the User field (i.e., 21 bits) is the Reserved field.

[0110] Additionally, the fifth bit (i.e., B20) within the User field (i.e., 21 bits) can contain information about the coding type (e.g., BSS or LDPC). That is, the fifth bit (i.e., B20) can contain information about the type of channel coding (e.g., BSS or LDPC) applied to the data field in the PPDU containing the relevant SIG-B.

[0111] The example above relates to the User field in the first format (the format for MU-MIMO technology). An example of the User field in the second format (the format for non-MU-MIMO technology) is as follows:

[0112] The first bit in the User field of the second format (e.g., B0-B10) can contain User STA identification information. The second bit in the User field of the second format (e.g., B11-B13) can contain information about the number of spatial streams applied to the corresponding RU. The third bit in the User field of the second format (e.g., B14) contains information about whether a beamforming steering matrix is ​​applied. The fourth bit in the User field of the second format (e.g., B15-B18) can contain MCS (Modulation and coding scheme) information. The fifth bit in the User field of the second format (e.g., B19) can contain information about whether DCM (Dual Carrier Modulation) is applied. The sixth bit in the User field of the second format (i.e., B20) can contain information about the coding type (e.g., BSS or LDPC).

[0113] Figure 10 illustrates the operation related to UL-MU. As shown, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can establish a channel connection via contending (i.e., backoff operation) and transmit a trigger frame (1030). That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can transmit a PPDU containing trigger frame 1330. Once the PPDU containing the trigger frame is received, a trigger-based (TB) PPDU is transmitted after a delay equal to the SIFS.

[0114] TB PPDUs (1041, 1042) are sent at the same time and originate from multiple STAs (e.g., User STAs) whose AIDs are displayed in the Trigger frame (1030). The ACK frame (1050) for the TB PPDU is implemented in various forms.

[0115] The specific characteristics of the trigger frame are explained through Figures 11 to 13. When UL-MU communication is used, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) technology or MU MIMO technology is used, or OFDMA and MU MIMO technology are used simultaneously.

[0116] Figure 11 shows an example of a trigger frame. The trigger frame in Figure 11 allocates resources for uplink MU transmission (Uplink Multiple-User transmission) and is sent, for example, from an AP. The trigger frame consists of a MAC frame and is included in the PPDU.

[0117] Each of the fields shown in Figure 11 may be partially omitted, and other fields may be added. Furthermore, the length of each field may change from what is shown.

[0118] The frame control field (1110) in Figure 11 contains information about the MAC protocol version and other additional control information, while the duration field (1120) contains time information for NAV configuration and information about the STA identifier (e.g., AID).

[0119] Furthermore, the RA field 1130 contains the address information of the receiving STA for the trigger frame and may be omitted if necessary. The TA field 1140 contains the address information of the STA (e.g., AP) that transmits the trigger frame, and the common information field 1150 contains common control information applicable to the receiving STA that receives the trigger frame. For example, it includes a field that indicates the length of the L-SIG field of the up PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame, and information that controls the content of the SIG-A field (i.e., the HE-SIG-A field) of the up PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame. In addition, common control information includes information regarding the length of the CP and the length of the LTF field of the up PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame.

[0120] Furthermore, it is desirable to include individual user information fields (1160#1 to 1160#N) corresponding to the number of receiving STAs that receive the trigger frame in Figure 11. These individual user information fields are also called "assignment fields."

[0121] Furthermore, the trigger frame in Figure 11 may include a padding field 1170 and a frame check sequence field 1180.

[0122] As shown in Figure 11, each of the individual user information fields (1160#1 to 1160#N) can again contain a number of subfields.

[0123] Figure 12 shows an example of the common information field in a trigger frame. Some of the subfields in Figure 12 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. Also, the length of each subfield shown may be modified.

[0124] The indicated length field 1210 has the same value as the length field of the L-SIG field of the up PPDU transmitted in relation to the trigger frame, and the length field of the L-SIG field of the up PPDU indicates the length of the up PPDU. Consequently, the length field 1210 of the trigger frame is used to indicate the length of the corresponding uplink PPDU.

[0125] Furthermore, the cascade indicator field 1220 indicates whether or not a cascade operation will be performed. Cascade operation means that both downlink MU transmission and uplink MU transmission are performed within the same TXOP. That is, it means that after a downlink MU transmission is performed, an uplink MU transmission will be performed after a previously set time (e.g., SIFS). In a cascade operation, there may be only one transmitting device (e.g., AP) performing downlink communication, and multiple transmitting devices (e.g., non-AP) performing uplink communication.

[0126] The CS request field 1230 indicates whether the receiving device that received the trigger frame needs to consider the status of the wireless medium, NAV, etc., when transmitting the corresponding uplink PPDU.

[0127] The HE-SIG-A information field 1240 contains information that controls the content of the SIG-A field (i.e., the HE-SIG-A field) of the up PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame.

[0128] The CP and LTF type fields 1250 may include information regarding the LTF length and CP length of the up PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame. The trigger type field 1060 can indicate the purpose for which the trigger frame is used, such as a normal trigger, a trigger for beamforming, or a request for Block ACK / NACK.

[0129] In this specification, it can be assumed that the trigger type field 1260 of a trigger frame indicates a Basic type trigger frame for a normal trigger. For example, a Basic type trigger frame can be called a basic trigger frame.

[0130] Figure 13 shows an example of subfields included in a per-user information field. The per-user information field 1300 in Figure 13 can be understood as one of the individual per-user information fields (1160#1 to 1160#N) mentioned in Figure 11. Some of the subfields included in the per-user information field 1300 in Figure 13 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. Also, the length of each subfield shown may be altered.

[0131] The User Identifier field 1310 in Figure 13 indicates the identifier of the STA (i.e., the receiving STA) corresponding to individual user information. An example of an identifier is that it may be all or part of the AID (Association Identifier) ​​value of the receiving STA.

[0132] The RU allocation field 1320 is also included. That is, when a receiving STA identified in the user identifier field 1310 transmits a TB PPDU in response to a trigger frame, it transmits the TB PPDU via the RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320. In this case, the RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320 is the RU shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7.

[0133] The subfield in Figure 13 may include a coding type field 1330. The coding type field 1330 can indicate the coding type of the TB PPDU. For example, if BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field 1330 is set to "1", and if LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field 1330 is set to "0".

[0134] Furthermore, the subfield in Figure 13 may include an MCS field 1340. The MCS field 1340 can indicate the MCS technology applied to the TB PPDU. For example, if BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field 1330 is set to "1", and if LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field 1330 is set to "0".

[0135] The following explains UORA (UL OFDMA-based Random Access) technology.

[0136] Figure 14 illustrates the technical characteristics of UORA technology.

[0137] A transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can allocate six RU resources via a trigger frame, as shown in Figure 14. Specifically, the AP can allocate the first RU resource (AID 0, RU1), the second RU resource (AID 0, RU2), the third RU resource (AID 0, RU3), the fourth RU resource (AID 2045, RU4), the fifth RU resource (AID 2045, RU5), and the sixth RU resource (AID 3, RU6). Information regarding AID 0, AID 3, or AID 2045 is included, for example, in the user identification field 1310 in Figure 13. Information regarding RU1 through RU6 is included, for example, in the RU allocation field 1320 in Figure 13. AID=0 signifies a UORA resource for an associated STA, and AID=2045 signifies a UORA resource for an unassociated STA. As a result, the first to third RU resources in Figure 14 are used as UORA resources for associated STAs, the fourth to fifth RU resources in Figure 14 are used as UORA resources for unassociated STAs, and the sixth RU resource in Figure 14 is used as a resource for a regular ULMU.

[0138] In the example shown in Figure 14, STA1's OBO (OFDMA random access backoff) counter decreases to 0, and STA1 randomly selects the second RU resource (AID 0, RU2). Also, since STA2 / 3's OBO counters are greater than 0, no uplink resources are assigned to STA2 / 3. Furthermore, in Figure 14, STA4's AID (i.e., AID=3) is included in the trigger frame, so the RU6 resource is assigned without backoff.

[0139] Specifically, in Figure 14, STA1 is an associated STA, so there are a total of 3 eligible RA RUs (RU1, RU2, RU3) for STA1, which reduces STA1's OBO counter by 3 until it reaches 0. Similarly, in Figure 14, STA2 is an associated STA, so there are a total of 3 eligible RA RUs (RU1, RU2, RU3) for STA2, which reduces STA2's OBO counter by 3, but the OBO counter remains greater than 0. Furthermore, in Figure 14, STA3 is an unassociated STA, so there are a total of 2 eligible RA RUs (RU4, RU5) for STA3, which reduces STA3's OBO counter by 2, but the OBO counter remains greater than 0.

[0140] Figure 15 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0141] The 2.4GHz band can be referred to by other names, such as the first band. Furthermore, the 2.4GHz band refers to the frequency range in which channels adjacent to 2.4GHz (for example, channels with center frequencies between 2.4 and 2.5GHz) are used / supported / defined.

[0142] The 2.4GHz band contains numerous 20MHz channels. Within the 2.4GHz band, 20MHz channels can have multiple channel indices (e.g., index 1 to index 14). For example, the center frequency of a 20MHz channel assigned channel index 1 is 2.412GHz, the center frequency of a 20MHz channel assigned channel index 2 is 2.417GHz, and the center frequency of a 20MHz channel assigned channel index N is (2.407 + 0.005 * N)GHz. Channel indices are referred to by various names, such as channel numbers. Specific numerical values ​​for channel indices and center frequencies may change.

[0143] Figure 15 shows four channels within the 2.4 GHz band as an example. The first to fourth frequency domains 1510 to 1540 shown can each contain one channel. For example, the first frequency domain 1510 can contain channel 1 (a 20 MHz channel with index 1). In this case, the center frequency of channel 1 is set to 2412 MHz. The second frequency domain 1520 can contain channel 6. In this case, the center frequency of channel 6 is set to 2437 MHz. The third frequency domain 1530 can contain channel 11. In this case, the center frequency of channel 11 is set to 2462 MHz. The fourth frequency domain 1540 can contain channel 14. In this case, the center frequency of channel 14 is set to 2484 MHz.

[0144] Figure 16 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5GHz band.

[0145] The 5GHz band can be referred to by other names such as the second band / band. The 5GHz band refers to the frequency domain in which channels with a center frequency between 5GHz and 6GHz (or less than 5.9GHz) are used / supported / defined. Alternatively, the 5GHz band can include multiple channels between 4.5GHz and 5.5GHz. The specific figures shown in Figure 16 are subject to change.

[0146] Multiple channels within the 5GHz band include UNII (Unlicesed National Information Infrastructure)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM. UNII-1 can be called UNII Low. UNII-2 can include frequency domains called UNII Mid and UNII-2 Extended. UNII-3 can be called UNII-Upper.

[0147] Within the 5GHz band, multiple channels are configured, and the bandwidth of each channel can be set in various ways, such as 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, or 160MHz. For example, the 5170MHz to 5330MHz frequency domain / range within UNII-1 and UNII-2 can be divided into eight 20MHz channels. At 5170MHz, the 5330MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into four channels via a 40MHz frequency domain. At 5170MHz, the 5330MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into two channels via an 80MHz frequency domain. Alternatively, at 5170MHz, the 5330MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into one channel via a 160MHz frequency domain.

[0148] Figure 17 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6GHz band.

[0149] The 6GHz band can be referred to by other names, such as the third band / band. The 6GHz band refers to the frequency domain in which channels with a center frequency of 5.9GHz or higher are used / supported / defined. The specific figures shown in Figure 17 are subject to change.

[0150] For example, the 20MHz channel in Figure 17 is defined starting from 5.940GHz. Specifically, the leftmost channel among the 20MHz channels in Figure 17 can have index 1 (or channel index, channel number, etc.), and its center frequency is assigned to 5.945GHz. That is, the center frequency of index N channel is determined to be (5.940 + 0.005 * N)GHz.

[0151] Therefore, the indices (or channel numbers) for the 20MHz channels in Figure 17 are 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, and 233. Furthermore, according to the (5.940 + 0.005 * N) GHz rule mentioned above, the indices for the 40 MHz channels in Figure 17 are 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, and 227.

[0152] Figure 17 shows an example with 20, 40, 80, and 160 MHz channels, but 240 MHz and 320 MHz channels will be added.

[0153] The following describes the PPDUs transmitted / received in the STA of this specification.

[0154] Figure 18 shows an example of a PPDU used in this specification.

[0155] The PPDU in Figure 18 is referred to by various names, such as EHT PPDU, transmit PPDU, receive PPDU, first type, or nth type PPDU. For example, in this specification, PPDU or EHT PPDU is referred to by various names, such as transmit PPDU, receive PPDU, first type, or nth type PPDU. Furthermore, EHT PPUs are used in EHT systems and / or new wireless LAN systems that improve upon EHT systems.

[0156] The PPDU in Figure 18 can represent some or all of the PPDU types used in an EHT system. For example, the example in Figure 18 is used for both SU (single-user) mode and MU (multi-user) mode. Also, the PPDU in Figure 18 is for one receiving STA or multiple receiving STAs. When the PPDU in Figure 18 is used for TB (Trigger-Based) mode, the EHT-SIG in Figure 18 is omitted. Furthermore, an STA that has received a trigger frame for UL-MU (Uplink-MU) communication can transmit a PPDU in the example in Figure 18 with the EHT-SIG omitted.

[0157] In Figure 18, the L-STF to EHT-LTF sequence is called a preamble or physical preamble, and is generated, transmitted, received, acquired, and decoded in the physical layer.

[0158] In Figure 18, the subcarrier spacing for the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields is determined to be 312.5 kHz, while the subcarrier spacing for the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and Data fields is determined to be 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) for the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields can be displayed in units of 312.5 kHz, and the tone index (or subcarrier index) for the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and Data fields can be displayed in units of 78.125 kHz.

[0159] In Figure 18, the PPDU for L-LTF and L-STF is the same as in the conventional field.

[0160] The L-SIG field in Figure 18 can contain, for example, 24 bits of bit information. For example, the 24 bits of information can include a 4-bit Rate field, a 1-bit Reserved bit, a 12-bit Length field, a 1-bit ParitY bit, and a 6-bit Tail bit. For example, the 12-bit Length field can contain information about the length or time duration of the PPDU. For example, the value of the 12-bit Length field is determined based on the type of PPDU. For example, if the PPDU is a non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU or an EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, if the PPDU is an HE PPDU, the value of the Length field is determined as a multiple of 3 + 1 or a multiple of 3 + 2.

[0161] For example, the transmitting STA can apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1 / 2 to the 24 bits of information in the L-SIG field. Subsequently, the transmitting STA can obtain 48 bits of BCC encoded data. BPSK modulation is applied to these 48 bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA can map these 48 BPSK symbols to positions excluding the pilot subcarriers {subcarrier indices -21, -7, +7, +21} and the DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols are mapped to subcarrier indices -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA can further map the signals {-1,-1,-1,1} to subcarrier indices {-28, -27, +27, 28}. The above signal is used for channel estimation for the frequency domains corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, 28}.

[0162] The transmitting STA can generate an RL-SIG, which is generated similarly to the L-SIG. BPSK modulation is applied to the RL-SIG. Based on the presence of the RL-SIG, the receiving STA can determine that the received PPDU is either an HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU.

[0163] After the RL-SIG in Figure 18, a U-SIG (Universal SIG) is inserted. The U-SIG can be called by various names such as the first SIG field, first SIG, first type SIG, control signal, control signal field, and first (type) control signal.

[0164] A U-SIG can contain N bits of information and may include information to identify the type of EHT PPDU. For example, a U-SIG is composed of two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol for the U-SIG (e.g., an OFDM symbol) can have a duration of 4 us. Each symbol of the U-SIG is used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of the U-SIG is transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

[0165] Through a U-SIG (or U-SIG field), for example, A-bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) can be transmitted, with the first symbol of the U-SIG transmitting the first X bits of the total A-bit information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits), and the second symbol of the U-SIG transmitting the remaining Y bits of the total A-bit information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits). For example, a transmitting STA can obtain the 26 uncoded bits contained in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA can perform convolutional encoding (i.e., BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=1 / 2 to generate 52-coded bits and perform interleaving on the 52-coded bits. The transmitting STA can perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52-coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols to be assigned to each U-SIG symbol. A single U-SIG symbol is transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA are transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers), excluding the pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21.

[0166] For example, the A-bit information transmitted by the U-SIG (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) may include a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit field). The CRC field and tail field are transmitted via a second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field is generated based on the 26 bits assigned to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits in the second symbol excluding the CRC / tail field, and is generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm. The tail field is used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and is set to, for example, "000000".

[0167] The A-bit information transmitted by a U-SIG (or U-SIG field), for example, 52 uncoded bits, can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the size of the version-independent bits can be fixed or variable. For example, the version-independent bits may be assigned only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or they may be assigned to both the first and second symbols of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and version-dependent bits can be referred to by various names, such as the first control bits and the second control bits.

[0168] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG can contain a 3-bit PHY version identifier. For example, the 3-bit PHY version identifier can contain information related to the PHY version of the transmitted and received PPDUs. For example, the first value of the 3-bit PHY version identifier can indicate that the transmitted and received PPDUs are EHT PPDUs. Also, when a transmitting STA transmits an EHT PPDU, it can set the 3-bit PHY version identifier to the first value. Also, a receiving STA can determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier with the first value.

[0169] For example, the version-independent bits of a U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL / DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL / DL flag field is related to UL communication, and the second value of the UL / DL flag field is related to DL communication.

[0170] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG can contain information about the length of the TXOP and information about the BSS color ID.

[0171] For example, if an EHT PPDU can be divided into various types (e.g., EHT PPDUs related to SU mode, EHT PPDUs related to MU mode, EHT PPDUs related to TB mode, EHT PPDUs related to Extended Range transmission, etc.), then information regarding the type of EHT PPDU is included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.

[0172] For example, a U-SIG may include information about: 1) a bandwidth field containing information about bandwidth; 2) a field containing information about the MCS technology applied to the EHT-SIG; 3) an indicator field containing information related to whether or not dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) technology is applied to the EHT-SIG; 4) a field containing information about the number of symbols used for the EHT-SIG; 5) a field containing information about whether or not the EHT-SIG is generated across the entire bandwidth; 6) a field containing information about the type of EHT-LTF / STF; and 7) fields indicating the length of the EHT-LTF and the CP length.

[0173] Preamble puncturing is applied to the PPDU in Figure 18. Preamble puncturing means that puncturing is applied to a portion of the PPDU's overall bandwidth (for example, a secondary 20MHz bandwidth). For example, if an 80MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA will apply puncturing to the secondary 20MHz bandwidth of the 80MHz band, allowing the PPDU to be transmitted only through the primary 20MHz bandwidth and the secondary 40MHz bandwidth.

[0174] For example, preamble puncturing patterns are pre-set. For example, if the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing is applied only to the secondary 20MHz band within the 80MHz band. For example, if the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing is applied to only one of the two secondary 20MHz bands included in the secondary 40MHz band within the 80MHz band. For example, if the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing is applied only to the secondary 20MHz band included in the primary 80MHz band within the 160MHz band (or 80+80MHz band). For example, if the fourth puncturing pattern is applied, the primary 40MHz band included in the primary 80MHz band within the 160MHz band (or 80+80MHz band) is present, and puncturing is applied to at least one 20MHz channel that does not belong to the primary 40MHz band.

[0175] Information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU is included in the U-SIG and / or EHT-SIG. For example, the first field of the U-SIG may contain information regarding the contiguous bandwidth of the PPDU, and the second field of the U-SIG may contain information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU.

[0176] For example, U-SIGs and EHT-SIGs can include information about preamble puncturing based on the following method: If the bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIGs are configured individually in 80 MHz units. For example, if the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU includes a first U-SIG for the first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for the second 80 MHz band. In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG contains information about the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the first U-SIG can contain information about preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information about the preamble puncturing pattern). Also, the first field of the second U-SIG contains information about the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the second U-SIG can contain information about preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information about the preamble puncturing pattern). On the other hand, an EHT-SIG following the first U-SIG may contain information about preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information about the preamble puncturing pattern), and an EHT-SIG following the second U-SIG may contain information about preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information about the preamble puncturing pattern).

[0177] Furthermore, or more generally, U-SIG and EHT-SIG can include information about preamble puncturing based on the following methods: U-SIG can include information about preamble puncturing for all bandwidths (i.e., information about preamble puncturing patterns). That is, EHT-SIG does not include information about preamble puncturing, and only U-SIG can include information about preamble puncturing (i.e., information about preamble puncturing patterns).

[0178] U-SIGs are configured in 20MHz units. For example, when an 80MHz PPDU is configured, the U-SIGs are duplicated; that is, the 80MHz PPDU contains four identical U-SIGs. PPDUs with a bandwidth exceeding 80MHz can contain different U-SIGs.

[0179] The EHT-SIG in Figure 18 can directly incorporate the technical features of the HE-SIG-B shown in the example in Figures 8 to 9. The EHT-SIG is also known by various names such as second SIG field, second SIG, second type SIG, control signal, control signal field, and second (type) control signal.

[0180] The EHT-SIG may contain N bits of information (e.g., 1 bit) indicating whether the EHT-PPDU supports SU mode or MU mode.

[0181] The EHT-SIG is constructed based on various MCS techniques. As mentioned above, information related to the MCS techniques applied to the EHT-SIG is included in the U-SIG. The EHT-SIG is constructed based on DCM techniques. For example, of the N data tones allocated for the EHT-SIG (e.g., 52 data tones), the first modulation technique is applied to half of the consecutive tones, and the second modulation technique is applied to the remaining half of the consecutive tones. That is, the transmitting STA can modulate specific control information to a first symbol based on the first modulation technique and assign it to half of the consecutive tones, and modulate the same control information to a second symbol based on the second modulation technique and assign it to the remaining half of the consecutive tones. As mentioned above, information related to whether or not DCM techniques are applied to the EHT-SIG (e.g., a 1-bit field) is included in the U-SIG. The EHT-STF in Figure 18 is used to improve automatic gain control estimation in MIMO (multiple input multiple output) or OFDMA environments. The EHT-LTF in Figure 18 is used to estimate the channel in a MIMO or OFDMA environment.

[0182] The EHT-STF in Figure 18 can be configured in various types. For example, the first type of STF (i.e., 1x STF) is generated based on a first-type STF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are placed in 16 subcarrier intervals. The STF signal generated based on the first-type STF sequence can have a period of 0.8 μs, and a 0.8 μs periodic signal repeats 5 times to become a first-type STF with a length of 4 μs. For example, the second type of STF (i.e., 2x STF) is generated based on a second-type STF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are placed in 8 subcarrier intervals. The STF signal generated based on the second-type STF sequence can have a period of 1.6 μs, and a 1.6 μs periodic signal repeats 5 times to become a second-type EHT-STF with a length of 8 μs. Below, an example of a sequence for constructing an EHT-STF (i.e., an EHT-STF sequence) is presented. The following sequence can be modified in various ways.

[0183] EHT-STF is constructed based on the following M sequence.

[0184]

number

[0185] The EHT-STF for a 20MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula. The following example is a first-type (i.e., 1x STF) sequence. For example, a first-type sequence is included in an EHT-PPDU that is not a TB (trigger-based) PPDU. In the following formula, (a:b:c) means an interval defined as b tone interval (i.e., subcarrier interval) from a tone index (i.e., subcarrier index) to c tone index. For example, formula 2 below can represent a sequence defined as a 16-tone interval from tone index -112 to index 112. Since a subcarrier spacing of 78.125kHz is applied to the EHT-STF, a 16-tone interval means that the EHT-STF coefficient (or element) is placed in a 78.125*16=1250kHz interval. Also, * means multiplication and sqrt() means square root.

[0186]

number

[0187] The EHT-STF for a 40MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula. The following example is a first-type (i.e., 1x STF) sequence.

[0188]

number

[0189] The EHT-STF for an 80MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula. The following example is a first-type (i.e., 1x STF) sequence.

[0190]

number

[0191] The EHT-STF for a 160MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula. The following example is a first-type (i.e., 1x STF) sequence.

[0192]

number

[0193] For an 80+80MHz PPDU, the sequence for the lower 80MHz of the EHT-STF is the same as in Equation 4. For an 80+80MHz PPDU, the sequence for the upper 80MHz of the EHT-STF is constructed based on the following formula.

[0194]

number

[0195] Equations 7 through 11 below relate to an example of a second-type (i.e., 2x STF) sequence.

[0196]

number

[0197] The EHT-STF for 40MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula.

[0198]

number

[0199] The EHT-STF for 80MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula.

[0200]

number

[0201] The EHT-STF for a 160 MHz PPDU is configured based on the following formula.

[0202]

Number

[0203] Among the EHT-STFs for an 80 + 80 MHz PPDU, the sequence for the lower 80 MHz is the same as Formula 9. Among the EHT-STFs for an 80 + 80 MHz PPDU, the sequence for the upper 80 MHz is configured based on the following formula.

[0204]

Number

[0205] EHT-LTF can have the first, second, and third types (i.e., 1x, 2x, 4x LTF). For example, the first / second / third type LTF is generated based on an LTF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are arranged in 4 / 2 / 1 sub-carrier intervals. The first / second / third type LTF can have a time length of 3.2 / 6.4 / 12.8 μs. Also, GIs of various lengths (e.g., 0.8 / 1 / 6 / 3.2 μs) are applied to the first / second / third type LTF.

[0206] Information regarding the type of STF and / or LTF (including information regarding the GI applied to the LTF) is included in the SIG A field and / or SIG B field of FIG. 18, etc.

[0207] The PPDU in FIG. 18 (i.e., EHT-PPDU) is configured based on an example in FIGS. 5 and 6.

[0208] For example, an EHT PPDU transmitted over a 20MHz bandwidth, i.e., a 20MHz EHT PPDU, is constructed based on the RUs shown in Figure 5. That is, the locations of the RUs for the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields included in the EHT PPDU are determined as shown in Figure 5.

[0209] An EHT PPDU transmitted over the 40MHz bandwidth, i.e., a 40MHz EHT PPDU, is constructed based on the RUs shown in Figure 6. That is, the location of the RUs for the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data field included in the EHT PPDU is determined as shown in Figure 6.

[0210] Since the RU position in Figure 6 corresponds to 40MHz, repeating the pattern in Figure 6 twice will determine the tone plan for 80MHz. In other words, the 80MHz EHT PPDU is transmitted based on a new tone plan in which the RU in Figure 6 (which is not the RU in Figure 7) is repeated twice.

[0211] If the pattern in Figure 6 is repeated twice, the DC region will consist of 23 tones (i.e., 11 guard tones + 12 guard tones). That is, a tone plan for an 80MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on OFDMA can have 23 DC tones. On the other hand, an 80MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on Non-OFDMA (i.e., a non-OFDMA full bandwidth 80MHz PPDU) can be configured based on 996RU and may include 5 DC tones, 12 left-side guard tones, and 11 right-side guard tones.

[0212] The tone plan for 160 / 240 / 320MHz consists of the pattern shown in Figure 6 repeated many times.

[0213] The PPDU in Figure 18 is identified as an EHT PPDU based on the following method.

[0214] The receiving STA can determine the type of the received PPDU to be an EHT PPDU based on the following: For example, if 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal of the received PPDU is BPSK, 2) an RL-SIG (where the L-SIG is repeated) is detected in the received PPDU, and 3) applying "modulo3" to the value of the Length field of the L-SIG of the received PPDU results in "0", then the received PPDU is determined to be an EHT PPDU. If the received PPDU is determined to be an EHT PPDU, the receiving STA can detect the type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., SU / MU / Trigger-Based / Extended Range type) based on the bit information contained in the symbols after the RL-SIG in Figure 18. Furthermore, the receiving STA can determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal which is BSPK, 2) the RL-SIG which is consecutive to the L-SIG field and is the same as the L-SIG, and 3) the L-SIG which includes the Length field where the result of applying "modulo3" is set to "0".

[0215] For example, a receiving STA can determine the type of the received PPDU to be an HE PPDU based on the following: For example, if 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, 2) an RL-SIG (where L-SIG is repeated) is detected, and 3) the result of applying "modulo3" to the Length value of L-SIG is detected as "1" or "2", then the received PPDU is determined to be an HE PPDU.

[0216] For example, the receiving STA can determine the type of the received PPDU as non-HT, HT, or VHT PPDU based on the following: For example, if 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, and 2) no RL-SIG (where L-SIG is repeated) is detected, the received PPDU is determined to be non-HT, HT, or VHT PPDU. Also, even if the receiving STA detects a repetition of RL-SIG, if the result of applying "modulo3" to the Length value of L-SIG is detected as "0", the received PPDU is determined to be non-HT, HT, or VHT PPDU.

[0217] In the following example, signals referred to as (transmit / receive / up / down) signals, (transmit / receive / up / down) frames, (transmit / receive / up / down) packets, (transmit / receive / up / down) data units, (transmit / receive / up / down) data, etc., are signals transmitted and received based on the PPDU in Figure 18. The PPDU in Figure 18 is used to transmit and receive various types of frames. For example, the PPDU in Figure 18 is used for control frames. An example of a control frame may include RTS (request to send), CTS (clear to send), PS-Poll (Power Save-Poll), Block ACK Req, Block ACK, NDP (Null Data Packet) announcement, and Trigger frame. For example, the PPDU in Figure 18 is used for management frames. An example of a management frame may include Beacon frames, (Re-)Association request frames, (Re-)Association response frames, Probe request frames, and Probe response frames. For example, the PPDU in Figure 18 is used for data frames. For example, the PPDU in Figure 18 may be used to transmit at least two or more of the following simultaneously: control frames, management frames, and data frames.

[0218] Figure 19 shows a modified example of the transmitting and / or receiving apparatus described herein.

[0219] Each device / STA in Figures 1(a) / (b) is modified as shown in Figure 19. The transceiver (630) in Figure 19 is the same as the transceivers (113, 123) in Figure 1. The transceiver (630) in Figure 19 may include a receiver and a transmitter.

[0220] The processor (610) in Figure 19 is the same as the processors (111, 121) in Figure 1. Alternatively, the processor (610) in Figure 19 is the same as the processing chips (114, 124) in Figure 1.

[0221] The memory (150) in Figure 19 is the same as the memory (112, 122) in Figure 1. Alternatively, the memory (150) in Figure 19 is a different external memory than the memory (112, 122) in Figure 1.

[0222] Referring to Figure 19, the power management module (611) manages power to the processor (610) and / or transceiver (630). The battery (612) supplies power to the power management module (611). The display (613) outputs the results processed by the processor (610). The keypad (614) receives inputs used by the processor (610). The keypad (614) can display on the display (613). The SIM card (615) is an integrated circuit used to securely store IMSI (international mobile subscriber identity) and associated keys used to identify and authenticate subscribers in mobile phone devices such as mobile phones and computers.

[0223] Referring to FIG. 19, the speaker (640) can output the sound-related results processed by the processor (610). The microphone (641) can receive the sound-related input used by the processor (610).

[0224] 1.802.11ax wireless LAN system tone plan

[0225] In this specification, the tone plan is related to the rules for determining the size and / or location of the Resource Unit (RU). Hereinafter, the tone plan applied to the PPDU according to the IEEE802.11ax standard, that is, the HE PPDU, will be described. Also, hereinafter, the RU size and the location of the RU applied to the HE PPDU will be described, and the control information related to the RU applied to the HE PPDU will be described.

[0226] In this specification, the control information related to the RU (or the control information related to the tone plan) can include control information regarding the size, location of the RU, the information of the User STA assigned to a specific RU, the frequency bandwidth for the PPDU in which the RU is included, and / or the modulation technique applied to a specific RU. The control information related to the RU is included in the SIG field. For example, in the IEEE802.11ax standard, the control information related to the RU is included in the HE-SIG-B field. That is, in the process of generating the transmission PPDU, the transmitting STA can include the control information for the RU included in the PPDU in the HE-SIG-B field. Also, the receiving STA can receive the HE-SIG-B included in the received PPDU, obtain the control information included in the HE-SIG-B, determine whether there is a RU assigned to the corresponding receiving STA, and decode the RU assigned based on the HE-SIG-B.

[0227] In the IEEE 802.11ax standard, the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields are configured in units of RU (Routing Unit). That is, when a first RU is configured for a first receiving STA, the STF / LTF / Data fields for the first receiving STA are transmitted and received via the first RU.

[0228] The IEEE 802.11ax standard defines separate PPDUs for a single receiving STA (i.e., SU PPDU) and for multiple receiving STAs (i.e., MU PPDU), and each has its own defined tone plan. The specific details are explained below.

[0229] A RU defined as 11ax can contain multiple subcarriers. For example, if a RU contains N subcarriers, it can be expressed as an N-tone RU or NRU. The location of a particular RU can be expressed as a subcarrier index. A subcarrier index is defined as a subcarrier frequency spacing unit. In the 11ax standard, the subcarrier frequency spacing is 312.5 kHz or 78.125 kHz, and the subcarrier frequency spacing for a RU is 78.125 kHz. That is, subcarrier index +1 for a RU means a location 78.125 kHz higher than the DC tone, and subcarrier index -1 for a RU means a location 78.125 kHz lower than the DC tone. For example, if the location of a particular RU is expressed as [-121:-96], the RU is located in the region from subcarrier index -121 to subcarrier index -96, and consequently, the RU can contain 26 subcarriers.

[0230] The N-tone RU can include a pre-set pilot tone.

[0231] 2. Null subcarrier and pilot subcarrier

[0232] This document explains subcarriers and resource allocation in 802.11ax systems.

[0233] OFDM symbols are composed of subcarriers, and the number of subcarriers can function as the bandwidth of the PPDU. In wireless LAN 802.11 systems, data subcarriers used for data transmission, pilot subcarriers used for phase information and parameter tracking, and unused subcarriers not used for data transmission or pilot transmission are defined.

[0234] HE MU PPDUs using OFDMA transmission are transmitted as a mixture of 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, 106-tone RU, 242-tone RU, 484-tone RU, and 996-tone RU.

[0235] Here, a 26-tone RU consists of 24 data subcarriers and 2 pilot subcarriers. A 52-tone RU consists of 48 data subcarriers and 4 pilot subcarriers. A 106-tone RU consists of 102 data subcarriers and 4 pilot subcarriers. A 242-tone RU consists of 234 data subcarriers and 8 pilot subcarriers. A 484-tone RU consists of 468 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers. A 996-tone RU consists of 980 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers.

[0236] 1) Null subcarrier

[0237] As shown in Figures 5 to 7, null subcarriers are located between the 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, and 106-tone RU positions. Null subcarriers are located around DC or edge tones to protect against transmit center frequency leakage, receiver DC offset, and interference from adjacent RUs. Null subcarriers have zero energy. The indices of null subcarriers are listed below.

[0238] JPEG0007862506000016.jpg102150

[0239] The null subcarrier position for each 80MHz frequency segment of an 80+80MHz HE PPDU must follow the position of the 80MHz HE PPDU.

[0240] 2) Pilot subcarrier

[0241] If a pilot subcarrier exists in the HE-LTF field of HE SU PPDU, HE MU PPDU, HE ER SU PPDU, or HE TB PPDU, the position of the pilot sequence within the HE-LTF field and data field is the same as the position in 4x HE-LTF. In 1x HE-LTF, the position of the pilot sequence within HE-LTF consists of the pilot subcarrier for the data field multiplied by 4. If a pilot subcarrier exists in 2x HE-LTF, the position of the pilot subcarrier must be the same as the position of the pilot within 4x data symbols. All pilot subcarriers are located in the even-numbered indices listed below.

[0242] JPEG0007862506000017.jpg45149

[0243] JPEG0007862506000018.jpg68150

[0244] At 160MHz or 80+80MHz, the pilot subcarrier must use the same 80MHz position relative to both sides of 80MHz.

[0245] 3. HE transmit procedure and constellation mapping

[0246] In an 802.11ax wireless LAN system, there are physical (PHY) transmission procedures for HE SU (Single User) PPDU, HE ER (extended range) SU PPDU, HE MU (Multi User) PPDU, and HE TB (trigger-based) PPDU. The FORMAT field of PHY-TX START.request (TXVECTOR) is the same for HE_SU, HE_MU, HE_ER_SU, or HE_TB. The aforementioned transmission procedures do not describe the operation of optional features such as DCM (Dual Carrier Modulation). Of the various transmission procedures, Figure 21 shows only the PHY transmission procedure for HE SU PPDU.

[0247] Figure 20 shows an example of the PHY transmission procedure for HE SU PPDU.

[0248] To transmit data, MAC generates a PHY-TX START.request primitive, which causes the PHY entity to enter a transmit state. The PHY is also configured to operate at the appropriate frequency via station management through PLME. Other transmit parameters such as HE-MCS, coding type, and transmit power are set via PHY-SAP using the PHY-TX START.request (TXVECTOR) primitive. After transmitting the PPDU that carries the trigger frame, the MAC sublayer can issue a PHY-TRIGGER.request with the TRIGVECTOR parameter, which provides the necessary information to demodulate the expected HE TB PPDU response from the PHY entity.

[0249] The PHY indicates the state of the primary channel and other channels via PHY-CCA.indication. PPDU transmission must be initiated by the PHY after receiving PHY-TX START.request(TXVECTOR)primitive.

[0250] After the PHY preamble transmission begins, the PHY entity immediately starts data scrambling and data encoding. The encoding method for data fields is based on the TXVECTOR's FEC_CODING, CH_BANDWIDTH, NUM_STS, STBC, MCS, and NUM_USERS parameters.

[0251] The SERVICE field and PSDU are encoded in the transmitter block diagram described later. Data must be exchanged between the MAC and the PHY via a series of PHY-DATA.request(DATA) primitives issued by the MAC and PHY-DATA.confirm primitives issued by the PHY. PHY padding bits are appended to the PSDU to make the number of bits in the coded PSDU an integer multiple of the number of coded bits per OFDM symbol.

[0252] Transmission is quickly terminated by MAC via the PHY-TXEND.request primitive. PSDU transmission is terminated upon receipt of the PHY-TXEND.request primitive. Each PHY-TXEND.request primitive can indicate that it was received from the PHY along with the PHY-TXEND.confirm primitive.

[0253] Packet extensions and / or signal extensions can exist in a PPDU. The PHY-TXEND.confirm primitive is generated at the actual end time, packet extension end time, and signal extension end time of the most recent PPDU.

[0254] In PHY, the GI (Guard Interval) specified in the TXVECTOR's GI_TYPE parameter along with the GI duration is inserted into all data OFDM symbols as a countermeasure against delay spread.

[0255] Once PPDU transmission is complete, the PHY entity enters the receive state.

[0256] The following block diagram is used to generate each field of the HE PPDU.

[0257] a) pre-FEC PHY padding

[0258] b) Scrambler

[0259] c) FEC (BCC or LDPC) encoders

[0260] d) Post-FEC PHY padding

[0261] e) Stream parser

[0262] f) Segment parser (for continuous 160MHz and non-contiguous 80+80MHz transmission)

[0263] g) BCC interleaver

[0264] h) Constellation mapper

[0265] i) DCM tone mapper

[0266] j) Pilot active

[0267] k) Replication over multiple 20MHz (for BW > 20MHz)

[0268] l) Multiplication by 1 st Column of P HE-LTF

[0269] m)LDPC tone mapper

[0270] n) Segment deparser

[0271] o)Space time block code(STBC)encoder for one spatial stream

[0272] p)Cyclic shift diversity(CSD)per STS insertion

[0273] q) Spatial mapper

[0274] r) Frequency mapping

[0275] s)Inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT)

[0276] f)Cyclic shift diversity(CSD)per chain insertion

[0277] u) Guard interval (GI) insertion

[0278] v) Windowing

[0279] Figure 21 shows an example block diagram of a transmitter that generates the HE PPDU data field using BCC encoding.

[0280] Figure 21 shows a block diagram of a transmitter used to generate a data field for HE PPDU that can be transmitted via UL or DL ​​non-MU MIMO with BCC (Binary Convolution Coding) encoding applied, in 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, 106-tone RU, or 242-tone RU.

[0281] Referring to FIG. 21, for the bit stream input to the block diagram of the transmission device, 1) Pre-FEC PHY padding is performed, 2) a scrambling operation is performed, 3) BCC encoding is performed, 4) Post-FEC PHY padding is performed, 5) a stream parsing operation for mapping the encoded bits to a specific one of the spatial streams is performed, 6) BCC interleaving is performed for each spatial stream, 7) constellation mapping is performed for each spatial stream, and modulation symbols are generated.

[0282] FIG. 22 is a drawing showing an example of applying block interleaving applicable to the embodiments of the present specification.

[0283] When the transmission device uses BCC encoding with an encoding technique, the encoded bit sequence is interleaved through a block interleaver. The interleaver is used according to values defining the size of the column (N COL ) and row (N ROW ). N ROT is a parameter for frequency rotation. The defined values are as shown in Table 5 below.

[0284]

Table 5

[0285] Here, N BPSCS (i SS ) indicates the number of encoded bits per carrier in each spatial stream (however, at i SS = 1, N SS(This is an integer between ). The method using the interleaver described above involves inputting a bit sequence encoded row by row and reading it out column by column. You can refer to Figure 22, which is a diagram illustrating the method using block interleaving.

[0286] The Dual Carrier Modulationtone mapper, which is part of the Constellation mapper, is applied only when the DCM is directed to the RU. A subset of such transmitter block diagrams, consisting of the Constellation Mapper and CSD blocks as well as the blocks to the right of the Spatial Mapping block, is also used to generate HE-LTF or HE-STF fields.

[0287] The block diagram of the transmitter shown in Figure 21 lacks a segment parser, so the above operation is performed for one frequency segment. However, if necessary, a segment parser may be added after the stream parser in the block diagram of the transmitter shown in Figure 21, and segment parsing to separate frequency segments may be performed. This allows the BCC interleaving, constellation mapping, or LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) tone mapping to be performed for each frequency segment (or each RU in the case of Multi-RU).

[0288] Furthermore, in HE MU transmission, except that CSD (cyclic shift diversity) is performed with knowledge of the spatial-time stream start index for the relevant user, the PPDU encoding processor runs independently in each user's Resource Unit (RU) up to the input of the spatial mapping block. All user data in the RU is combined and mapped into the transmission chain of the spatial mapping block.

[0289] The following section will explain constellation mapping.

[0290] Constellation mapping refers to the mapping of input bits to a complex constellation point for BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 256-QAM. In other words, depending on the modulation method, constellation mapping allows bits at the output of a stream parser or segment parser (if any) to be mapped to a complex constellation point.

[0291] DCM technology applies only to the data field and / or SIG-B field of the HE PPDU. Furthermore, DCM technology may or may not be used in the transmitting device (optional feature).

[0292] More specific details regarding 11ax's DCM technology are as follows:

[0293] DCM is an optional modulation scheme for HE-SIG-B and data fields. DCM is applicable to HE SU PPDU and HE ER SU PPDU. In HE MU PPDU or HE TB PPDU, DCM is applied to RUs containing data for one user, but not to RUs containing data for multiple users.

[0294] DCM is applicable only to HE-MCS0, 1, 3, and 4. DCM is applicable only with Nss=1 or Nss=2 (for a single user RU in HE MU PPDU, Nss,r,u=1 or Nss,r,u=2). DCM cannot be applied with MU-MIMO or STBC.

[0295] When DCM is used, the bit sequence is a pair of symbols (d' k′ d' q(k)This is mapped to ). In this case, k is 0 <= k <= N in order to utilize the frequency diversity for 996 tone RU or smaller RU. SD It has a range of -1, and q(k) is N SD <= q(k) <= 2N SD It has a range of -1. For 2x996 tone RU, k is 0 <= k <= N SD It has a range of / 2-1, and q(k) is N SD / 2 <= q(k) <= N SD It has a range of -1. To maximize frequency diversity, the index of a pair of DCM subcarriers (k,q(k)) is 996 tone RUs, or q(k) = k + N for smaller RUs. SD Therefore, for 2x996 tone RU, q(k) = k + N SD / 2. Here, N SD If DCM=1, then N SD If DCM=0, then N SD It has half the value of [the specified value].

[0296] The modulation bits to which DCM is applied can be explained as follows.

[0297] JPEG0007862506000020.jpg113163

[0298] The following section will explain LDPC tone mapping.

[0299] LDPC tone mapping uses the LDPC tone mapping distance parameter D TM This must be done for all LDPC-encoded streams. TM This is a constant for each bandwidth, and has values ​​for each bandwidth as follows. LDPC tone mapping should not be performed on streams encoded using BCC.

[0300] JPEG0007862506000021.jpg29130

[0301] For VHT PPDU transmissions, the LDPC tone mapping for the LDPC-coded stream concerning user u is replaced with a complex stream generated by a constellation mapper and executed as follows:

[0302] JPEG0007862506000022.jpg70148

[0303] JPEG0007862506000023.jpg39148

[0304] As a result of the LDPC tone mapping operation, two consecutively generated complex constellation constants (d′) are obtained. k,i,n,l,u and d' k+1,i,n,l,u Each is at least D TM It is transmitted in two data tones separated by -1 units. For example, d′ k,i,n,l,u This is transmitted in the first data tone, d' k+1,i,n,l,u This is transmitted in the second data tone, and the first and second data tones are D TM There are cases where they are separated by -1 units. The aforementioned operation is D TM Row and N SD / D TM Columns (for 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, or 80+80MHz) or N SD / 2*D TM Using a matrix with columns (for 160MHz), we can find the complex number d′ for the variables i, n, and u. 0,i,n,l,u ,…,d′ NSD-1,i,n,l,u This is equivalent to block-interleaving. 0,i,n,l,u ,…, d' NSD-1,i,n,l,u The matrix is ​​created row-wise, and d' 0,i,n,l,u ,…, d' NSD-1,i,n,l,u The data is read column-wise from the matrix.

[0305] LDPC tone mapping is performed separately for the upper 80MHz and lower 80MHz of a 160MHz or 80+80MHz transmission, as indicated by the frequency subblock index l.

[0306] Since LDPC tone mapping is not performed on BCC-coded streams, the following formula applies to BCC-coded streams:

[0307] JPEG0007862506000024.jpg71147

[0308] Furthermore, LDPC tone mapping must be performed on all LDPC-encoded streams mapped to RU (Resource unit). LDPC tone mapping should not be performed on streams using BCC. When DCM is applied to an LDPC-encoded stream, D TM_DCM This needs to be applied to both the lower half of the RU data subcarrier and the upper half of the RU data subcarrier. LDPC tone mapping distance parameter D TM and D TM_DCM This value is a constant for each RU size and for other RU sizes.

[0309] JPEG0007862506000025.jpg37155

[0310] LDPC Tone Mapping Parameter D TM and D TM_DCM This applies to each frequency subblock l=0 and l=1.

[0311] For HE PPDUs without DCM, the LDPC tone mapping for the LDPC-encoded stream for user u in the r-th RU is replaced with a complex stream generated by the Constellation mapper and executed as follows:

[0312] JPEG0007862506000026.jpg104150

[0313] For an HE PPDU to which DCM is applied to the data field, the LDPC tone mapping for the LDPC-encoded stream for user u in the r-th RU is replaced with a complex stream generated by the Constellation mapper and executed as follows:

[0314] JPEG0007862506000027.jpg21124

[0315] JPEG0007862506000028.jpg132165

[0316] For 26-, 52-, 106-, 242-, 484-, and 996-tone RUs, the LDPC tone mapper is defined in one segment. LDPC tone mapping is performed separately for the upper 80MHz and lower 80MHz frequency segments of 2x996-tone RUs, as indicated by frequency subblock index 1.

[0317] Since LDPC tone mapping is not performed on BCC-coded streams, the following formula applies to BCC-coded streams:

[0318] JPEG0007862506000029.jpg72129

[0319] Figure 23 shows an example of how DCM technology is applied to data.

[0320] On the other hand, IEEE 802.11ax employs DCM (Dual Carrier / Sub-carrier Modulation) technology. Transmitters based on DCM technology can transmit the same information via different subcarriers. For example, a transmitter may have a structure like that shown in Figure 23. As shown in Figure 23, first data information is contained in subcarrier K based on the first constellation mapping, i.e., modulation mapping 1. The same first data information is also contained in subcarrier K+N / 2 based on the second constellation mapping, i.e., modulation mapping 2. The first and second constellation mappings are both the same mapping technique and different mapping techniques. In Figure 23, the variable N may be RU or N_SD, which is the number of data tones contained in the frequency segment. Furthermore, while the technique shown in Figure 23 is an example where the results of applying the first / second constellation mapping to the same data are mapped to the first / second tones, it is also possible, for example, for the results of applying the first / second / third constellation mapping to the same data to be mapped to the first / second / third tones, or for the results of applying the first / second... / Nth constellation mapping to the same data to be mapped to the first / second...Nth tones.

[0321] DCM technology applies only to the data fields and / or SIG-B fields of the HE PPDU. Furthermore, DCM technology may or may not be used in the transmitting device (optional feature).

[0322] More specific details regarding 11ax's DCM technology are as follows:

[0323] DCM is an optional modulation scheme for HE-SIG-B and data fields. DCM is applicable to HE SU PPDU and HE ER SU PPDU. In HE MU PPDU or HE TB PPDU, DCM is applied to RUs containing data for one user, but not to RUs containing data for multiple users.

[0324] DCM is applicable only to HE-MCS0, 1, 3, and 4. DCM is applicable only with Nss=1 or Nss=2 (for a single user RU in HE MU PPDU, Nss,r,u=1 or Nss,r,u=2). DCM cannot be applied with MU-MIMO or STBC.

[0325] When DCM is used, the bit sequence is a pair of symbols (d' k, d' q(k) This is mapped to ). In this case, k is 0 <= k <= N in order to utilize the frequency diversity for 996 tone RU or smaller RU. SD It has a range of -1, and q(k) is N SD <= q(k) <= 2N SD It has a range of -1. For 2x996 tone RU, k is 0 <= k <= N SD It has a range of / 2-1, and q(k) is N SD / 2 <= q(k) <= N SD It has a range of -1. To maximize frequency diversity, the index of a pair of DCM subcarriers (k,q(k)) is 996 tone RUs, or q(k) = k + N for smaller RUs. SD Therefore, for 2x996 tone RU, q(k) = k + N SD / 2. Here, N SD If DCM=1, then N SD If DCM=0, then N SD It has half the value of [the specified value].

[0326] The modulation bits to which DCM is applied can be explained as follows.

[0327] JPEG0007862506000030.jpg110165

[0328] In a non-OFDMA HE PPDU, subcarrier assignment-related variables for the HE-modulated field can be defined as tone assignment-related parameters for the non-OFDMA HE PPDU as follows:

[0329] JPEG0007862506000031.jpg127161

[0330] In OFDMA HE PPDU, subcarrier assignment-related variables for RU can be defined as tone assignment-related parameters for OFDMA HE PPDU as follows:

[0331] JPEG0007862506000032.jpg61163

[0332] As mentioned above, N SD This can mean one RU or the number of data tones contained within a frequency segment (e.g., 20 / 40 / 80 / 160MHz segments).

[0333] The parameters frequently used in 802.11 wireless LAN systems can be defined as follows:

[0334] JPEG0007862506000033.jpg106147

[0335] JPEG0007862506000034.jpg80151

[0336] JPEG0007862506000035.jpg69152

[0337] The following section will explain the BCC interleaver.

[0338] For the sake of explanation, the operation of the interleaver will only be described for the SU (Single User) case. For a user u transmitting via MU, the interleaver outputs N bits from the stream parser to the user. SS , N CBPSS , N CBPSSI and N BPSCS to N SS,u , N CBPSS,u , N CBPSSI,u and N BPSCS,u These are changed accordingly, and they operate in the same way. In other words, the interleaver's operation is the same as when an SU transmission consists only of the bits of the corresponding user.

[0339] The following explanation describes the interleaver used in BCC encoding. The interleaver described below is ignored in LDPC encoding.

[0340] In 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz VHT PPDU transmissions, the output bits of the stream parser are N. CBPS It is processed in bit groups. Each group is N CBPSS N bits SS It is divided into blocks, and each block needs to be interleaved by an interleaver based on the interleaver. In 160MHz or 80+80MHz VHT PPDU transmission, the segment parser N CBPSS Each frequency subblock of the / 2 output bits is interleaved by an interleaver for 80 MHz as defined herein. This interleaver, which inputs data in rows and reads it in columns, has a bandwidth of N COL Columns and N ROW The rows are different. N COL and N ROW The values ​​are shown in Table 5 above.

[0341] After the interleaver operations are applied, if there are two or more spatial streams, a third operation called frequency rotation is applied to the additional spatial stream. The parameter for frequency rotation is N. ROT And N ROTThe values ​​are shown in Table 5.

[0342] The additional parameter is the spatial stream index i. ss =1,2,…,N ss The output of the third operation is a function of the spatial stream index.

[0343] Interleaving is defined using three permutations. The first permutation is provided by the rule shown in the following formula.

[0344]

number

[0345] Here, N CBPSSI is the number of encoded bits per spatial stream per symbol per BCC interleaver block. k indicates the subcarrier index, and if OFDMA or RU aggregation is used, it indicates the subcarrier index of the assigned RU or MRU.

[0346] The second permutation is defined by the rule shown in the following formula.

[0347]

number

[0348] In a spatial stream, the number of bits s assigned to a single axis (real or imaginary) of a constellation point is given by the following formula:

[0349]

number

[0350] In the second permutation mentioned above, s is defined as shown above.

[0351] According to the mathematical expressions for the first permutation and the second permutation, the encoded bits included in the BCC interleaver block are N ROW as input data, and are interleaved by being read into N COL .

[0352] Also, after the operations related to the interleaver are applied, if there are two or more spatial streams, (N SS >=2) an operation of frequency rotation can be applied to the additional spatial streams based on N ROT .

[0353] If 2 <= N SS <= 4, the frequency rotation is applied to the output of the second permutation (Equation 13) as follows.

[0354]

Equation

[0355] At this time, i ss = 1, 2,..., N ss means the spatial stream index for which the interleaving operates.

[0356] If N SS >= 4, the frequency rotation is applied to the output of the second permutation (Equation 13) as follows.

[0357]

Equation

[0358] At this time, i ss = 1, 2,..., N ss is the spatial stream index for which the interleaving operates, and J(i ss ) is an integer defined as follows.

[0359] JPEG0007862506000041.jpg6863

[0360] A deinterleaver uses three types of operations to perform an inverse permutation. Let r be the bit index of the received block (per spatial stream). The first operation reverses the third (frequency rotation) permutation of the interleaver. ss If = 1, then this reversal is j = r (r = 0, 1, ..., N CBPSSI -1) is executed by 2 <= N ss When <= 4, this inversion is performed as shown in the following formula.

[0361]

number

[0362] N SS If >4, this inversion is performed as shown in the following formula.

[0363]

number

[0364] The second operation, defined by the following formula, reverses (inverts) the second permutation (equation 13) in the interleaver.

[0365]

number

[0366] The third operation, defined by the following formula, reverses (inverts) the first permutation (number 12) in the interleaver.

[0367]

number

[0368] Also, for the interleaver parameters N for the data field related to whether the RU (resource unit) size and DCM are applied in the 802.11ax wireless LAN system COL , N ROW and N ROT are defined as follows for the RU size column.

[0369] JPEG0007862506000046.jpg69159

[0370] Also, for the interleaver parameters N for the HE-SIG-A and HE-SIG-B fields COL and N ROW are defined as in the above table for the HE-SIG-A / HE-SIG-B column. DCM is not used in the HE-SIG-A field.

[0371] 4. Applicable Examples in this Specification

[0372] In the wireless LAN 802.11 system, in order to increase the peak throughput, it is considered to use a wider band of the existing 11ax or to transmit an increased number of streams using more antennas. Also, this specification considers the method of aggregating and using various bands / links.

[0373] In this specification, when a MRU (Multi-Resource unit) is assigned to one STA and BCC (Binary Convolution Coding) is applied in the situation of transmitting a PPDU, a proposal is made for the BCC interleaver parameter.

[0374] Existing 802.11ax standards allow data transmission using 26 / 52 / 106 / 242 / 484 / 996 / 2x996-tone RUs, in which case channel coding is either BCC or LDPC. In particular, when BCC is used, a BCC interleaver is employed for frequency diversity, similar to existing Wi-Fi systems. The PPDU encoding process and BCC interleaver when BCC is applied have been explained previously.

[0375] In 802.11be, multiple RUs (Rank Units) can be assigned to a single STA (Stationary Device) instead of just one, and a PPDU (Package Plan Duo) can be sent to improve throughput. Information about the assignment of multiple RUs can be communicated in the EHT-SIG field. Figure 18 shows the structure of the EHT PPDU.

[0376] The U-SIG consists of a version-independent field and a version-dependent field. It is also composed of two symbols, which are jointly encoded, resulting in 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones at 20MHz each. Furthermore, the U-SIG is modulated in the same way as the HE-SIG-A. The EHT-SIG is divided into a common field and a user-specific field and encoded into a variable MCS. The information to assign the RU is included in the common field and the user-specific field.

[0377] In this context, this specification considers cases where one 26-tone RU and one 106-tone RU are aggregated, or where one 26-tone RU and one 52-tone RU are aggregated. The aggregated RUs are two adjacent RUs, two RUs within a 20MHz channel, or a center 26-tone RU and an adjacent 52-tone RU or 106-tone RU in an 80MHz tone plan. Considering each combined RU as a single RU, the following BCC interleaver parameters are proposed, and the BCC interleaver procedure can be directly applied to the existing 11ax BCC interleaver procedure described earlier.

[0378] However, in 802.11be wireless LAN systems, BCC is applicable only to RU or MRU with a size of 242 tones or less, and which is one of the following modulation schemes: BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, or 256-QAM, and has four or fewer spatial streams.

[0379] The BCC encoder is applied to small MRUs. The BCC encoded bits are interleaved across the entire MRU. The interleaver parameters for BCC-encoded MRUs are shown in Tables 6 and 7 below. DCM is applied only to BPSK and single-stream cases, therefore N ROT It does not apply, N ROW is N BPSCS Determined without (N BPSCS (is always 1). N BPSCS This is the number of encoded bits per spatial stream and per subcarrier.

[0380] The following is one example of the BCC interleaver parameter for each RU combination when DCM is not applied.

[0381] [Table 6]

[0382] In the case of the 26+52RU combination, N COL It is 12, and N ROW is 6 XN BPSCS N is sometimes used. ROT Other numbers such as 16, 17, and 19 may also be used.

[0383] In the case of the 26+106RU combination, N COL 21 and N ROW is 6 XN BPSCS In some cases, N may be used. COL is 14 and N ROW is 9 XN BPSCS N is sometimes used. ROT Other numbers, such as 30 or 32, may also be used.

[0384] The transmitting STA can perform a stream parsing operation by performing BCC encoding on the data bit sequence contained in the PPDU's data field and mapping the BCC-encoded bits to a specific spatial stream. After that, it can perform BCC interleaving on each spatial stream and constellation mapping the interleaved bits.

[0385] For example, if a combination of 26+52RU MRUs is assigned to the receiving STA, COL It is 18, N ROW is 4 XN BPSCS And N ROT This assumes that 18 is used.

[0386] According to equations 12 and 13, the encoded bits (N) included in the BCC interleaver block CBPSSI ) is N ROW Enter the data into (=18), N COL (=4 XN BPSCSInterleaving occurs when the data is loaded into (). Also, after the interleaving operations are applied, if there are two or more spatial streams, (N SS >=2) Add N to the additional space stream ROT Based on (=18), the frequency rotation is given by the above formula 15(2<=N SS If <= 4, it can be executed as follows:

[0387] Here, N CBPSSI is the number of encoded bits per spatial stream and per symbol per BCC interleaver block. k is a subcarrier index of 26+52RU, where k=0,1,…,71(N SD This shows that =72). In the above equation 13, s is the number of bits assigned to a single axis (real or imaginary) of a constellation point in the spatial stream, and can be obtained via equation 14.

[0388] From a performance standpoint, the examples defined in Table 6 above are preferable.

[0389] The following is one example of the BCC interleaver parameter for each RU combination when DCM is applied.

[0390] [Table 7]

[0391] In the case of the 26+52RU combination, N COL is 12 and N ROW is 3 XN BPSCS N is sometimes used. ROT Other numbers, such as 8 or 10, may also be used.

[0392] In the case of the 26+106RU combination, N COL 21 and N ROW is 3 XN BPSCS In some cases, N may be used. COL 7 and N ROW is 9 XN BPSCSN is sometimes used. ROT Other numbers, such as 14 or 16, may also be used.

[0393] The transmitting STA can perform BCC encoding on the data bit sequence contained in the PPDU's data field, perform a stream parsing operation that maps the BCC-encoded bits to a specific spatial stream, and then perform BCC interleaving on each spatial stream to perform constellation mapping on the interleaved bits.

[0394] For example, if the receiving STA is assigned an MRU of 26 + 106 RU combination, N COL It is 21, and N ROW is 3 XN BPSCS Let's assume that this is used. Since DCM is applied, the modulation method is BPSK, and since it is a single stream, N ROT It does not apply, N BPSCS This is always set to 1.

[0395] According to equations 12 and 13, the encoded bits (N) included in the BCC interleaver block CBPSSI ) is N ROW Enter the data into (=21), N COL (=3 XN BPSCS Interleaving occurs when the data is loaded into the `)` array. Frequency rotation is not performed because there is only one spatial stream.

[0396] Here, N CBPSSI k is the number of coded bits per spatial stream and per symbol per BCC interleaver block. k is a subcarrier index of 26 + 106 RU, where k = 0, 1, ..., 62 (N SD This shows that =63). In the above equation 13, s is the number of bits assigned to a single axis (real or imaginary) of a constellation point in the spatial stream, and can be obtained via equation 14.

[0397] From a performance standpoint, the examples defined in Table 7 above are preferable.

[0398] The following is an example summarizing the parameters used for BCC interleaving in two MRUs (26+52RU and 26+106RU) related to the application of DCM as described above. In this case, N SD This refers to the number of data subcarriers per MRU.

[0399] [Table 8]

[0400] Figure 24 is a procedure flowchart showing the operation of the transmitting device according to this embodiment.

[0401] The example in Figure 24 is performed in a transmitting device (AP and / or non-AP STA). Some of the steps (or detailed sub-steps described later) in the example in Figure 24 may be omitted or modified.

[0402] In step S2410, the transmitting device (i.e., the transmitting STA) can obtain the Tone plan information described above. As described above, the Tone plan information includes the size and location of the RU, control information associated with the RU, information about the frequency band in which the RU is contained, and information about the STA receiving the RU.

[0403] In step S2420, the transmitting STA can configure / generate a PPDU based on the acquired control information. The step of configuring / generating the PPDU may include steps for configuring / generating each field of the PPDU. That is, step S2420 may include a step of configuring the EHT-SIG-A / B / C fields which contain control information related to the tone plan or sounding. That is, step S2420 may include a step of configuring a field which contains control information (e.g., an N-bitmap) which indicates the size / location of the RU and / or a step of configuring a field which contains the identifier (e.g., AID) of the STA that receives the RU.

[0404] Furthermore, the S2420 step may include a step to generate an STF / LTF sequence to be sent via a specific RU. The STF / LTF sequence is generated based on an already configured STF generation sequence / LTF generation sequence.

[0405] Furthermore, the S2420 step may include a step to generate a data field (i.e., MPDU) to be transmitted through a specific RU.

[0406] In step S2430, the transmitting device can transmit the PPDU configured via step S2420 to the receiving device based on step S2430.

[0407] While executing the S2430 step, the transmitter may perform at least one of the following operations: CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT / IFFT operation, or GI insertion (insert).

[0408] The signals / fields / sequences configured herein are transmitted in the form shown in Figure 18.

[0409] The method of configuring the PPDU data field via the S2420 and S2430 steps described above is performed based on the apparatus shown in Figure 21.

[0410] As shown, the transmitter can perform 1) PHY padding, 2) scrambling, and 3) BCC coding on the data bit sequence contained in the data field. Subsequently, it can perform 4) stream parsing, which maps the BCC coded bits to a specific spatial stream, 5) segment parsing, which divides the frequency segments if necessary, and 6) constellation mapping for the individual spatial streams and each frequency segment to generate modulation symbols.

[0411] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, the transmitting device may include a memory 112, a processor 111, and a transceiver 113.

[0412] The memory 112 can store information relating to numerous Tone-Plan / RUs as described herein.

[0413] The processor 111 can generate various RUs based on the information stored in the memory 112 and configure a PPDU. An example of a PPDU generated by the processor 111 is shown in Figure 1.

[0414] The processor 111 can perform all or part of the operations shown in Figure 24.

[0415] The transceiver 113 shown includes an antenna and is capable of performing analog signal processing. Specifically, the processor 111 controls the transceiver 113 and can transmit the PPDU generated by the processor 111.

[0416] Alternatively, the processor 111 can generate a transmit PPDU and store information about the transmit PPDU in the memory 112.

[0417] Figure 25 is a procedure flowchart showing the operation of the receiving device according to this embodiment.

[0418] An example shown in Figure 25 is performed in a receiving device (AP and / or non-AP STA).

[0419] The example in Figure 25 is performed in a receiving STA or receiving device (AP and / or non-AP STA). Some of the steps (or detailed sub-steps described later) in the example in Figure 25 are omitted.

[0420] In step S2510, the receiving device (receiving STA) can receive all or part of the PPDU. The received signal is in the form shown in Figure 18.

[0421] The sub-step of step S2510 is determined based on step S2430. That is, step S2510 can perform operations to restore the results of CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT / IFFT operations, and GI insertion (insert) operations applied in step S2430.

[0422] In step S2520, the receiving device can decode all or part of the PPDU. The receiving device can also obtain the Tone plan (i.e., RU) or sounding-related control information from the decoded PPDU.

[0423] More specifically, the receiving device can decode the L-SIG and EHT-SIG of the PPDU based on the Legacy STF / LTF and obtain the information contained in the L-SIG and EHT-SIG fields. Information regarding the various Tone plans (i.e., RUs) described herein is contained in the EHT-SIG (EHT-SIG-A / B / C, etc.), and the receiving STA can obtain information regarding the Tone plans (i.e., RUs) via the EHT-SIG.

[0424] In step S2530, the receiving device can decode the rest of the PPDU based on the information about the Tone plan (i.e., RU) obtained through step S2520. For example, the receiving STA can decode the STF / LTF fields of the PPDU based on the information about the Tone plan (i.e., RU). The receiving STA can also decode the data fields of the PPDU based on the information about the Tone plan (i.e., RU) and obtain the MPDU contained in the data fields.

[0425] Furthermore, the receiving device can perform a processing operation to transmit the decoded data to a higher layer (e.g., the MAC layer) via the S2530 step. Also, if the higher layer instructs the PHY layer to generate a signal in response to the data transmitted to the higher layer, the receiving device can perform subsequent operations.

[0426] The PPDU mentioned above is received based on the device shown in Figure 1.

[0427] As shown in Figure 1, the receiving device may include a memory 112, a processor 121, and a transceiver 123.

[0428] The transceiver 123 can receive PPDUs based on the control of the processor 121. For example, the transceiver 123 may include a number of detailed units (not shown). For example, the transceiver 123 may include at least one receiving antenna and may include a filter for the receiving antenna.

[0429] The PPDU received via the transceiver 123 is stored in the memory 122. The processor 121 can process the decoding of the received PPDU via the memory 122. The processor 121 can acquire control information (e.g., EHT-SIG) related to Tone-Plan / RU contained in the PPDU and store the acquired control information in the memory 122.

[0430] Processor 121 can decode the received PPDU. Specifically, it can perform operations to restore the results of CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT / IFFT operations, and GI insertions applied to the PPDU. These operations are performed via numerous processing units (not shown) individually implemented within processor 2010.

[0431] Furthermore, the processor 121 can decode the data field of the PPDU received via the transceiver 123.

[0432] Furthermore, the processor 121 can process the decoded data. For example, the processor 121 can perform a processing operation to transmit information about the decoded data field to a higher layer (e.g., the MAC layer). Also, if the higher layer instructs the PHY layer to generate a signal in response to the data transmitted to the higher layer, the processor 121 can perform the subsequent operation.

[0433] The above-described embodiment will be explained below with reference to Figures 1 to 25.

[0434] Figure 26 is a flowchart showing the procedure for the transmitting STA in this embodiment to transmit a PPDU.

[0435] An example shown in Figure 26 is executed in a network environment that supports a next-generation wireless LAN system (IEEE 802.11be or EHT wireless LAN system). This next-generation wireless LAN system, as an improved version of the 802.11ax system, can satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11ax system.

[0436] This embodiment proposes a method for assigning a Multi-RU (or MRU) supported in an 802.11be wireless LAN system to a single STA and performing BCC interleaving on the data bit sequence contained in the data field of a PPDU when transmitting the PPDU. In particular, this embodiment proposes a method for defining BCC parameters on which BCC interleaving can be performed when transmitting a Multi-RU. The Multi-RU refers to a RU aggregated from multiple consecutive or discontinuous RUs.

[0437] An example shown in Figure 26 is performed in a transmitting STA, which corresponds to an AP (access point). The receiving STA in Figure 26 corresponds to an STA that supports an EHT (Extremely High Throughput) wireless LAN system.

[0438] In step S2610, the transmitting STA (station) generates a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) containing data fields.

[0439] In step S2620, the transmitting STA transmits the PPDU to the receiving STA.

[0440] The aforementioned data field is received via a Multiple-Resource Unit (Multi-RU), which is an aggregated version of a first Resource Unit (RU) and a second RU.

[0441] The aforementioned data field is generated based on the coded bit string contained within the BCC interleaver (Binary Convolution Coding interleaver) block.

[0442] The encoded bit string is obtained by interleaving the data bit string based on the first and second parameters. Specifically, the data bit string is interleaved by entering into rows of the BCC interleaver block based on the first parameter and reading out in columns of the BCC interleaver block based on the second parameter. The BCC interleaving operation on the encoded bit string is performed as shown in equations 12 and 13.

[0443] The encoded bit sequence is obtained by performing stream parsing on the data bit sequence for each spatial stream. The BCC interleaver blocks are separated according to the spatial stream. The output bits of the stream parser included in the spatial stream-specific BCC interleaver blocks are interleaved block by block. The data bit sequence is BCC encoded. Interleaving is performed by the BCC interleaver blocks only when BCC encoding is used.

[0444] The data field may include the transmitted signal generated by performing constellation mapping and IDFT (Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform) on the encoded bit sequence. This refers to the steps after the BCC interleaver block.

[0445] The PPDU transmission procedure is as follows: The transmitting STA performs a stream parsing operation, which involves performing BCC encoding on the data bit sequence contained in the PPDU's data field and mapping the BCC-encoded bits to a specific spatial stream. After that, BCC interleaving can be performed on each spatial stream, and the interleaved bits can be constellation-mapped.

[0446] Specifically, the transmitting STA can generate a transmit signal by performing the following operations on the data bit sequence: 1) PHY padding, 2) scrambling, 3) BCC coding, 4) stream parsing which maps the BCC coded bit sequence to a specific spatial stream, 5) BCC interleaving in BCC interleaver blocks separated by individual spatial streams, 6) constellation mapping on the BCC interleaved bit sequence, and 7) spatial frequency mapping and IDFT on the modulation symbols (constellation bits) generated based on the constellation mapping. Steps 1) through 7) are performed sequentially in the transmitting STA, and in this embodiment, step 5) will be described in particular.

[0447] If the number of spatial streams is two or more and four or less, the encoded bit sequence is subjected to frequency rotation based on the third parameter. That is, if there are two or more spatial streams, frequency rotation is performed on the additional spatial streams based on the third parameter. The frequency rotation on the encoded bit sequence is performed as shown in equation 15.

[0448] The following describes an example of defining the values ​​of the first to third parameters related to the Multi-RU configuration. The following two embodiments are examples where DCM is not applied.

[0449] For example, since the first RU is a 26-tone RU and the second RU is a 52-tone RU, the Multi-RU represents 26+52-tone RU. The number of data subcarriers in the 26+52-tone RU is 72. As a result, the value of the first parameter is 18, and the value of the second parameter is 4 XN. BPSCS And the value of the third parameter is 18. Here, N BPSCS This is the number of coded bits per subcarrier per spatial stream.

[0450] As another example, if the first RU is 26 tone RUs and the second RU is 106 tone RUs, then the Multi-RU represents 26 + 106 tone RUs. The number of data subcarriers in the 26 + 106 tone RU is 126. Thus, the value of the first parameter is 21 and the value of the second parameter is 6 XN. BPSCS And the value of the third parameter is 31. Here, N BPSCS This is the number of coded bits per subcarrier per spatial stream.

[0451] Furthermore, the following two examples illustrate cases where DCM is applied.

[0452] When Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM) is performed on the constellation bits obtained by performing the constellation mapping on the encoded bit sequence, the constellation mapping is performed using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), and the number of spatial streams is one. Since DCM is applied only to the BPSK modulation method and single stream, frequency rotation is not applied (the third parameter is not defined) N BPSCS It always has 1.

[0453] For example, since the first RU is a 26-tone RU and the second RU is a 52-tone RU, the Multi-RU represents a 26+52-tone RU. The number of data subcarriers in the 26+52-tone RU is 36. As a result, the value of the first parameter is 12 and the value of the second parameter is 3.

[0454] As another example, if the first RU is 26 tone RUs and the second RU is 106 tone RUs, then the Multi-RU represents 26 + 106 tone RUs. The number of data subcarriers in the 26 + 106 tone RU is 63. Consequently, the value of the first parameter is 21 and the value of the second parameter is 3.

[0455] The 26-tone RU is a resource unit composed of 26 tones, and the 52-tone RU is a resource unit composed of 52 tones. The 26-tone RU and the 52-tone RU are adjacent to each other or contained within a 20MHz channel.

[0456] The 26-tone RU is a resource unit composed of 26 tones, and the 106-tone RU is a resource unit composed of 106 tones. The 26-tone RU and the 106-tone RU are either adjacent to each other or contained within a 20MHz channel.

[0457] The PPDU may further include a control field. The control field may include a U-SIG (Universal-Signal) field and an EHT-SIG field. The control field may include assignment information for the Multi-RU, which may include the size and location of the RU, control information related to the RU, information about the frequency band in which the RU is contained, and information for the STA that receives the RU.

[0458] Furthermore, the PPDU may include an L-SIG (Legacy-Signal) field, an RL-SIG (RepeatedLegacy-Signal) field, an EHT-STF (ShortTrainingField), and an EHT-LTF (LongTrainingField). The EHT-SIG field may include an EHT-SIG-A field and an EHT-SIG-B field.

[0459] Figure 27 is a flowchart illustrating the procedure for receiving a PPDU in this embodiment.

[0460] An example shown in Figure 27 is executed in a network environment that supports a next-generation wireless LAN system (IEEE 802.11be or EHT wireless LAN system). This next-generation wireless LAN system is an improved version of the 802.11ax system and can satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11ax system.

[0461] This embodiment proposes a method for assigning a Multi-RU (or MRU) supported in an 802.11be wireless LAN system to a single STA and performing BCC interleaving on the data bit sequence contained in the data field of a PPDU when transmitting the PPDU. In particular, this embodiment proposes a method for defining BCC parameters on which BCC interleaving can be performed when transmitting a Multi-RU. The Multi-RU refers to a RU aggregated from multiple consecutive or discontinuous RUs.

[0462] The example in Figure 27 is performed at a receiving STA and corresponds to an STA that supports an EHT (Extremely High Throughput) wireless LAN system. The transmitting STA in Figure 27 corresponds to an AP (access point).

[0463] In step S2710, the receiving STA (station) receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) containing data fields from the transmitting STA.

[0464] In step S2720, the receiving STA decodes the data field.

[0465] The aforementioned data field is received via a Multiple-Resource Unit (Multi-RU), which is an aggregated version of a first Resource Unit (RU) and a second RU.

[0466] The aforementioned data field is generated based on the coded bit string contained within the BCC interleaver (Binary Convolution Coding interleaver) block.

[0467] The encoded bit string is obtained by interleaving the data bit string based on the first and second parameters. Specifically, the data bit string is interleaved by entering into rows of the BCC interleaver block based on the first parameter and reading out in columns of the BCC interleaver block based on the second parameter. The BCC interleaving operation on the encoded bit string is performed as shown in equations 12 and 13.

[0468] The encoded bit sequence is obtained by performing stream parsing on the data bit sequence for each spatial stream. The BCC interleaver blocks are separated according to the spatial stream. The output bits of the stream parser included in the spatial stream-specific BCC interleaver blocks are interleaved block by block. The data bit sequence is BCC encoded. Interleaving is performed by the BCC interleaver blocks only when BCC encoding is used.

[0469] The data field may include the transmitted signal generated by performing constellation mapping and IDFT (Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform) on the encoded bit sequence. This refers to the steps after the BCC interleaver block.

[0470] The PPDU transmission procedure is as follows: The transmitting STA performs BCC encoding on the data bit sequence contained in the PPDU's data field, then performs a stream parsing operation that maps the BCC-encoded bits to a specific spatial stream, and then can perform BCC interleaving on each spatial stream to perform constellation mapping on the interleaved bits.

[0471] Specifically, the transmitting STA can generate a transmit signal by performing 1) PHY padding on the data bit sequence, 2) scrambling, 3) BCC coding, 4) stream parsing to map the BCC coded bit sequence to a specific spatial stream, 5) BCC interleaving in BCC interleaver blocks separated by individual spatial streams, 6) constellation mapping on the BCC interleaved bit sequence, and 7) spatial frequency mapping and IDFT on the modulation symbols (constellation bits) generated based on the constellation mapping. Steps 1) through 7) are performed sequentially in the transmitting STA, and in this embodiment, step 5) will be described in particular.

[0472] If the number of spatial streams is two or more and four or less, the encoded bit sequence is subjected to frequency rotation based on the third parameter. That is, if there are two or more spatial streams, frequency rotation is performed on the additional spatial streams based on the third parameter. The frequency rotation on the encoded bit sequence is performed as shown in equation 15.

[0473] The following describes an example of defining the values ​​of the first to third parameters related to the Multi-RU configuration. The following two embodiments are examples where DCM is not applied.

[0474] For example, since the first RU is a 26-tone RU and the second RU is a 52-tone RU, the Multi-RU represents 26+52-tone RU. The number of data subcarriers in the 26+52-tone RU is 72. As a result, the value of the first parameter is 18, and the value of the second parameter is 4 XN. BPSCS And the value of the third parameter is 18. Here, N BPSCSThis is the number of coded bits per subcarrier per spatial stream.

[0475] As another example, if the first RU is 26 tone RUs and the second RU is 106 tone RUs, then the Multi-RU represents 26 + 106 tone RUs. The number of data subcarriers in the 26 + 106 tone RU is 126. Thus, the value of the first parameter is 21 and the value of the second parameter is 6 XN. BPSCS And the value of the third parameter is 31. Here, N BPSCS This is the number of coded bits per subcarrier per spatial stream.

[0476] Furthermore, the following two examples illustrate cases where DCM is applied.

[0477] When Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM) is performed on the constellation bits obtained by performing the constellation mapping on the encoded bit sequence, the constellation mapping is performed using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), and the number of spatial streams is one. Since DCM is applied only in the case of BPSK modulation and a single stream, frequency rotation is not applied (the third parameter is not defined) N BPSCS It always has 1.

[0478] For example, since the first RU is a 26-tone RU and the second RU is a 52-tone RU, the Multi-RU represents a 26+52-tone RU. The number of data subcarriers in the 26+52-tone RU is 36. As a result, the value of the first parameter is 12 and the value of the second parameter is 3.

[0479] As another example, if the first RU is 26 tone RUs and the second RU is 106 tone RUs, then the Multi-RU represents 26 + 106 tone RUs. The number of data subcarriers in the 26 + 106 tone RU is 63. Consequently, the value of the first parameter is 21 and the value of the second parameter is 3.

[0480] The 26-tone RU is a resource unit composed of 26 tones, and the 52-tone RU is a resource unit composed of 52 tones. The 26-tone RU and the 52-tone RU are adjacent to each other or contained within a 20MHz channel.

[0481] The 26-tone RU is a resource unit composed of 26 tones, and the 106-tone RU is a resource unit composed of 106 tones. The 26-tone RU and the 106-tone RU are either adjacent to each other or contained within a 20MHz channel.

[0482] The PPDU may further include a control field. The control field may include a U-SIG (Universal-Signal) field and an EHT-SIG field. The control field may include assignment information for the Multi-RU, which may include the size and location of the RU, control information related to the RU, information about the frequency band in which the RU is contained, and information for the STA that receives the RU.

[0483] Furthermore, the PPDU may include an L-SIG (Legacy-Signal) field, an RL-SIG (Repeated Legacy-Signal) field, an EHT-STF (Short Training Field), and an EHT-LTF (Long Training Field). The EHT-SIG field may include an EHT-SIG-A field and an EHT-SIG-B field.

[0484] 5.Device configuration

[0485] The technical features of this specification described above are applicable to various devices and methods. For example, the technical features of this specification described above are implemented / supported through the device in Figure 1 and / or Figure 19. For example, the technical features of this specification described above are applicable only to parts of Figure 1 and / or Figure 19. For example, the technical features of this specification described above are implemented based on processing chips 114, 124 in Figure 1, or based on processors 111, 121 and memories 112, 122 in Figure 1, or based on processor 610 and memory 620 in Figure 19. For example, the device of this specification receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) containing a data field from a transmitting STA and decodes the data field.

[0486] The technical features of this specification are implemented based on a computer-readable medium (CRM). For example, the CRM proposed herein is at least one computer-readable medium containing instructions that are executed by at least one processor.

[0487] The CRM can store instructions for performing operations that include receiving a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) containing data fields from a transmitting STA, and decoding the data fields. Instructions stored in the CRM according to this specification are executed by at least one processor. The at least one processor associated with the CRM according to this specification is the processors 111, 121 or processing chips 114, 124 in Figure 1, or the processor 610 in Figure 19. On the other hand, the CRM according to this specification is the memory 112, 122 in Figure 1 or the memory 620 in Figure 19, or a separate external memory / storage medium / disk, etc.

[0488] The technical features described herein are applicable to a variety of applications and business models. For example, these technical features are applicable to wireless communication in devices that support artificial intelligence (AI).

[0489] Artificial intelligence refers to the field of studying artificial intelligence or methodologies for creating it, while machine learning refers to the field of defining various problems dealt with in the field of artificial intelligence and studying methodologies for solving them. Machine learning can also be defined as an algorithm that improves its performance for a particular task through continuous experience.

[0490] An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning that consists of artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network of synaptic connections, and is generally considered to have problem-solving capabilities. An artificial neural network is defined by the connection patterns between neurons in other layers, the learning process that updates the model parameters, and the activation function that generates the output values.

[0491] An artificial neural network can include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer contains one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network can include synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output an input signal, a weighted value, and a function value of the activation function for the bias received via the synapse.

[0492] Model parameters refer to parameters determined through learning, including synaptic connection weights and neuron bias. Hyperparameters, on the other hand, refer to parameters that need to be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, including the learning rate, iteration count, mini-batch size, and initialization function.

[0493] The goal of training an artificial neural network is to determine the model parameters that minimize the loss function. The loss function is used as an indicator to determine the optimal model parameters during the training process of the artificial neural network.

[0494] Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning based on the learning method.

[0495] Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network when labels are provided for the training data. When labels are input to the artificial neural network, they represent the correct answer (or result value) that the artificial neural network needs to infer. Unsupervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network when labels are not provided for the training data. Reinforcement learning refers to a learning method in which a defined agent is trained to select the action or sequence of actions that maximizes the cumulative reward in each state within a given environment.

[0496] Machine learning implemented as a deep neural network (DNN), which includes multiple hidden layers, is also called deep learning, and deep learning is a part of machine learning. In the following, machine learning will be used to include deep learning.

[0497] Furthermore, the technical features described above can be applied to wireless communication for robots.

[0498] A robot is a machine that automatically processes or operates tasks assigned to it using its own capabilities. In particular, a robot that has the ability to perceive its environment, make decisions on its own, and perform actions is called an intelligent robot.

[0499] Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, and military categories depending on their intended use and field. Robots are equipped with drive units, including actuators or motors, and can perform various physical actions, such as moving robotic joints. Mobile robots also include drive units with wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., and can travel on the ground or fly through the air via these drive units.

[0500] Furthermore, the technical features described above apply to devices that support augmented reality.

[0501] Augmented reality is a general term encompassing virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology provides real-world objects and backgrounds solely as computer graphics (CG) images, AR technology provides virtual CG images alongside images of real objects, and MR technology is a computer graphics technology that mixes and combines virtual objects with the real world.

[0502] Mixed Reality (MR) technology is similar to augmented reality (AR) technology in that it displays virtual objects together. However, while AR uses virtual objects to complement other virtual objects, MR uses virtual objects in a way that they are equivalent in nature.

[0503] XR technology is applied to HMDs (Head-Mount Displays), HUDs (Head-Up Displays), mobile phones, tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, digital signage, and other devices, and devices that utilize XR technology can be called XR devices.

[0504] The claims described herein can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims herein can be combined and implemented in an apparatus, and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and implemented in a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims herein and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and implemented in an apparatus, and the technical features of the method claims herein and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and implemented in a method.

Claims

1. In a method for a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) system, The AP (access point) generates a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) containing data fields, The AP includes the step of sending the PPDU to a non-AP STA, The aforementioned data field is transmitted on the MRU (multiple-resource unit) using BCC (binary convolutional code) encoding. The BCC encoded bits of the aforementioned data field are N COL , N ROW and N ROT Processed based on interleaver parameters including, Based on the fact that DCM (Dual Carrier Modulation) is not used and the size of the MRU is 52 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 18, and the above N ROW is 4 × N BPSCS and the above N ROT It is 18, Based on the fact that the DCM is not used and the size of the MRU is a 106 + 26 ton MRU, the N COL is 21, and the N ROW is 6 × N BPSCS and the NROT is 31, Based on the use of the aforementioned DCM and the size of the aforementioned MRU being 52 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 12 and the N ROW is 3. The aforementioned N ROW This is the number of rows in the BCC interleaver block, The aforementioned N COL This is the number of columns in the BCC interleaver block, The aforementioned N BPSCS This is the number of encoded bits per spatial stream and per subcarrier. The aforementioned N ROT This is a parameter for frequency rotation, and is used in the method.

2. Based on the fact that the aforementioned data field is modulated with BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying), the DCM is used. The number of spatial streams is 1, and the N ROT It is not applicable. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of encoded bits per subcarrier per spatial stream is 1.

3. Based on the use of the aforementioned DCM and the size of the aforementioned MRU being 106 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 21, and the N ROW The method according to claim 1, wherein is 3.

4. Based on the fact that the data field is modulated with BPSK, the DCM is used. The number of spatial streams is 1, and the N ROT It is not applicable. The method according to claim 3, wherein the number of encoded bits per subcarrier per spatial stream is 1.

5. Based on whether the number of spatial streams is two or more and four or less, the N ROT The method according to claim 1, wherein frequency rotation is applied to the BCC encoded bits based on the following.

6. In a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) access point (AP), Memory and Transmitter and receiver, The system comprises the memory and a processor coupled to operate with the transceiver, The aforementioned processor, Generate a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) containing data fields, The PPDU is configured to be transmitted to a non-AP STA. The aforementioned data field is transmitted on the MRU (multiple-resource unit) using BCC (binary convolutional code) encoding. The BCC encoded bits of the aforementioned data field are N COL , N ROW and N ROT Processed based on interleaver parameters including, Based on the fact that DCM (Dual Carrier Modulation) is not used and the size of the MRU is 52 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 18, and the above N ROW is 4 × N BPSCS and the above N ROT It is 18, Based on the fact that the DCM is not used and the size of the MRU is 106 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 21, and the above N ROW is 6 × N BPSCS And the N ROT is 31, Based on the use of the aforementioned DCM and the size of the aforementioned MRU being 52 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 12 and the N ROW is 3. The aforementioned N ROW This is the number of rows in the BCC interleaver block, The aforementioned N COL This is the number of columns in the BCC interleaver block, The aforementioned N BPSCS This is the number of encoded bits per spatial stream and per subcarrier. The aforementioned N ROT AP is a parameter for frequency rotation.

7. In the method for wireless LAN (Local Area Network), The steps include: a non-AP (non-access point) STA (station) receiving a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) containing data fields from an AP, The non-AP STA includes the step of decoding the data field, The aforementioned data field includes BCC encoded bits that are processed by BCC (binary convolutional code) and encoded on an MRU (multiple-resource unit), The BCC encoded bits are N COL , N ROW and N ROT These are bits that are processed based on parameters including, Based on the fact that DCM (Dual Carrier Modulation) is not used and the size of the MRU is 52 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 18, and the above N ROW is 4 × N BPSCS and the above N ROT It is 18, Based on the fact that the DCM is not used and the size of the MRU is 106 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 21, and the above N ROW is 6 × N BPSCS And the N ROT is 31, Based on the use of the aforementioned DCM and the size of the aforementioned MRU being 52 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 12 and the N ROW is 3. The aforementioned N ROW This is the number of rows in the BCC interleaver block, The aforementioned N COL This is the number of columns in the BCC interleaver block, The aforementioned N BPSCS This is the number of encoded bits per spatial stream and per subcarrier. The aforementioned N ROT This is a parameter for frequency rotation, and is used in the method.

8. Based on the fact that the aforementioned data field is modulated with BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying), the DCM is used. The number of spatial streams is 1, and the N ROT It is not applicable. The method according to claim 7, wherein the number of encoded bits per subcarrier per spatial stream is 1.

9. Based on the use of the aforementioned DCM and the size of the aforementioned MRU being 106 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 21, and the N ROW The method according to claim 7, wherein is 3.

10. Based on the fact that the data field is modulated with BPSK, the DCM is used. The number of spatial streams is 1, and the N ROT It is not applicable. The method according to claim 9, wherein the number of encoded bits per subcarrier per spatial stream is 1.

11. In a wireless LAN (Local Area Network), a non-access point (AP) STA (station) is used. Memory and Transmitter and receiver, The system comprises the memory and a processor coupled to operate with the transceiver, The aforementioned processor, The AP receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) containing data fields. It is configured to decode the aforementioned data field, The aforementioned data field includes BCC encoded bits that are processed by BCC (binary convolutional code) and encoded on an MRU (multiple-resource unit), The BCC encoded bits are N COL , N ROW and N ROT These are bits that are processed based on parameters including, Based on the fact that DCM (Dual Carrier Modulation) is not used and the size of the MRU is 52 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 18, and the above N ROW is 4 × N BPSCS and the above N ROT It is 18, Based on the fact that the DCM is not used and the size of the MRU is 106 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 21, and the above N ROW is 6 × N BPSCS And the N ROT is 31, Based on the use of the aforementioned DCM and the size of the aforementioned MRU being 52 + 26 tone MRU, the N COL is 12 and the N ROW is 3. The aforementioned N ROW This is the number of rows in the BCC interleaver block, The aforementioned N COL This is the number of columns in the BCC interleaver block, The aforementioned N BPSCS This is the number of encoded bits per spatial stream and per subcarrier. The aforementioned N ROT This is a parameter for frequency rotation, non-AP STA.

Images