Dental implants

Abstract

A dental implant including an implant platform and a strap, the strap encircling the lower jaw and securing the implant platform to the lower jaw.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to dental implants, and more particularly to dental implants for insertion into the lower jaw.

Background Art

[0002] Dental implants are surgical components that interface with the jawbone or skull to support dental prostheses (such as crowns, bridges, dentures, facial prostheses, etc.) or to act as orthodontic anchors.

[0003] Dental implants rely on osseointegration, a biological process in which the implant material (such as titanium) forms a close bond with bone. The implant fixture is first placed so that it is amenable to osseointegration, and then a dental prosthesis is added. Prior to the dental prosthesis being attached to the implant or prior to the abutment for holding the dental prosthesis being connected to the implant, varying amounts of healing time are required for osseointegration.

[0004] In relation to before, during, and after surgery, there are a number of risks and complications associated with current procedures. For example, preoperative conditions that affect the success or failure of an implant include the health of the person undergoing treatment, medications that affect the likelihood of osseointegration, and the health of the bone and tissue in the mouth. Prerequisites for the long-term success of an osseointegrated dental implant are healthy bone and gums. Since either the bone or the gums may atrophy or degenerate after tooth extraction, preprosthetic procedures (such as bone grafting, sinus lift, or gum grafting, etc.) may be required to regenerate ideal bone and gums.

[0005] When significant bone loss is present, placing conventional implants as a method of tooth replacement is extremely difficult. Alternative methods are available to replace the bone, such as autogenous bone grafting from the mandible or ramus. These procedures have only a 60% success rate and can be uncomfortable for the patient. Factors such as the increased risk of postoperative infection and the difficulty of the procedure itself (which places a very high demand on the dentist) mean that failure of bone grafting or bone integration is common.

[0006] The placement of dental implants is a surgical procedure and carries surgical risks, including infection, excessive bleeding, and necrosis of the tissue flap surrounding the implant. Additionally, nearby anatomical structures (such as the inferior alveolar nerve, maxillary sinus, and blood vessels) may be damaged when osteotomy is performed or when the implant is placed. The inability to place the implant in the bone to provide stability (referred to as primary implant stability) increases the risk of osseointegration failure and further damage to surrounding tissues.

[0007] Furthermore, current procedures also carry risks related to biomechanical factors, where the geometric shape of the implant does not support the tooth in the same way as a natural tooth, such as when a cantilevered extension is present (the implant being smaller than the tooth root, or the tooth being longer than the implant supporting the tooth, or an insufficient crown-to-root ratio). Similarly, grinding down a tooth in conjunction with an implant with insufficient bone or a low diameter increases biomechanical risks. Finally, there are technical problems where the implant itself may fail to function due to fracture or loss of retention of the tooth it is intended to support. [Overview of the Initiative] [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] Aspects of this disclosure relate to a dental implant comprising an implant platform and a strap, wherein the strap is suitable for surrounding the mandible to secure the implant to the mandible.

[0009] The term “dental implant” is intended to mean the assembly (e.g., the implant platform, strap, and contact). The implant platform may be able to receive the contact. The contact may be suitable for securing a dental prosthesis (e.g., a crown, bridge, or denture), or may be any other suitable means for securing a crown, bridge, or denture, or any other prosthesis. In one embodiment, the implant also includes a dental prosthesis.

[0010] The strap can be a flexible sheet. The strap can have multiple apertures forming a mesh. The apertures can be circular or hexagonal in shape. The apertures can have a diameter of 0.7 mm, or, when hexagonal, a widest dimension of 0.7 mm. The apertures provide a "breathing space" for the mandibular bone, thereby mitigating the natural tendency of bone to resorb in response to the implant and providing an aperture to encourage bone osseointegration.

[0011] The strap is configured to completely enclose the lower jaw. The tissues around the lower jaw can be disengaged from the jaw by a dentist (also known as "elevated") so that the strap sits against the bone, and then the tissues can be re-secured. This arrangement functions specifically for the lower jaw due to its shape, and because the blood supply and cranial nerves are located in channels (foramina) running through the center of the lower jaw. Thus, the dentist can displace the tissues surrounding the lower jaw without damaging the nerves or blood supply. In this way, the mechanism for wrapping the strap around the bone is possible for this particular anatomical structure without damaging that structure. This arrangement avoids the need to drill into the bone.

[0012] The strap may include means for engaging with the implant platform. The implant platform may include a surface facing the mandible, which may be substantially flat and configured to sit on the mandibular surface. In another embodiment, the surface facing the mandible may include a projection for insertion into the mandible. In an alternative embodiment, if a projection is present or if the retention force is insufficient, a pilot hole may be optionally created by a dentist in the appropriate location, where such a hole would be drilled through the cortical bone but would not puncture the mandibular cortical plate. The projection may be inserted into the pilot hole. With regard to conventional implants implanted into the bone mass of the mandible, it will be recognized that a minimum volume of bone is required to provide sufficient anchoring for the implant and to prevent the implant from approaching nerves passing through the mandible. Therefore, for patients with a weakened or thinned mandible, it may be necessary to increase the volume of bone available at the implantation site.

[0013] The dental implants of the embodiments are anchored to the mandible by a strap and do not need to penetrate the bone structure of the mandible; therefore, the embodiments described herein avoid the need for bone grafting or bone distraction. Where a pilot hole is required, the required depth is significantly smaller than that of conventional implants. The dental implants can be used to replace any upper tooth in the mandible. Preferably, the dental implants are suitable for replacing teeth in the distal portion of the mandible.

[0014] The strap is configured to be long enough to completely encircle a portion of the lower jaw. Therefore, the strap is substantially rectangular in shape, having two ends and two long sides. The strap may be tapered so that the surrounding tissue can be returned to its position around the strap, thereby minimizing trauma to the area. Preferably, the strap is between 0.05 mm and 0.25 mm in thickness.

[0015] The ends of the strap can meet on the upper surface of the mandible at the location where the original tooth root was located. The ends of the strap include means for attaching to each other, to an implant platform, or to both. The strap can be fixed so that it cannot move circumferentially or axially relative to the mandible. This ensures that lateral and occlusal forces acting on the mandible and surrounding teeth are minimized, for example, during chewing. The strap can be flexible. The strap can be elastically deformable to fit the mandible.

[0016] In one embodiment, instead of an aperture, the strap may consist of multiple loops or rings (e.g., metal rings) connected to other rings adjacent to the ring structure in at least two orthogonal directions, forming a two-dimensional sheet structure similar to the structure of chainmail. Small metal rings may be machined or produced using additive manufacturing, laser cutting, or any other suitable technique. If individual loops are formed, these loops may then be connected to one another in the manner described above. Alternatively, if the rings are produced using additive manufacturing, the rings may be produced in such a manner that they are already connected as the rings grow and before the rings are closed. Also, the holes in the metal loops provide a “breathing space” for the mandibular bone, as discussed with respect to the strap aperture.

[0017] Alternatively, the strap may be composed of woven threads or may include sections composed of such threads. The woven structure may be woven such that no apertures are left between adjacent threads, or it may be woven more loosely, for example, to provide an aperture of at least one thread width between adjacent threads. Loosely woven threads provide similar benefits to the apertures of the strap (e.g., "breathing space"). The woven threads may be metal. Alternatively, the woven threads may be polymer materials (e.g., polypropylene or PTFE). The woven threads may be thin enough to allow for flexibility. The structure may resemble a rectangular woven sheet.

[0018] If the strap structure is made of metal thread or chainmail, it may include laser-welded intersections at the peripheral edges (at the ends and / or long side edges) to secure the threads in place and increase the stability of the strap. Alternatively, some or all of the ends and long side edges of the woven material may be joined by chemical, mechanical, heat, or solvent treatment. The strap may also consist of a combination of chainmail and woven thread, with the peripheral edges joined by any of the methods discussed above.

[0019] The strap may contain a metal material that can integrate with the bone. The metal material may be titanium. Alternatively, the material may be medical-grade steel, cobalt-chromium, zirconium, titanium alloy, or medical-grade polymer. Additionally or alternatively, any material with suitable mechanical properties for use as a dental implant (i.e., appropriate wear properties, tensile and compressive strength, fracture toughness) may be used.

[0020] In one embodiment, the strap can be treated to introduce shape-memory properties to a portion of the strap. This may be useful for patients with unusual anatomical structures (for example, while a typical mandibular cross-section is substantially ellipsoidal, the mandible may also be fabiform or "bean-shaped"). If a patient has such an anatomical structure, a gap will exist between the surrounding strap and the concave portion of the mandible. Therefore, in one embodiment, the strap, including the NiTi alloy, can be heat-treated to form a harder, curved portion that can conform to such a bone shape. A dentist can use X-ray or CT scans to establish the patient's anatomical structure and determine whether this property is necessary.

[0021] The strap is configured to completely enclose the lower jaw. This makes the implantation procedure safer. Depending on the mandible, drilling may not be required in certain situations, thus significantly reducing or at least mitigating the risk of bone destruction, drilling into cranial nerves, or blood supply to the center of the bone.

[0022] The strap is constructed to be flexible and can fit snugly to various geometric shapes of the lower jaw, and therefore can be suitable for various patients. The strap can be sized to the width of a single tooth. Alternatively, the strap can be adjustable in size depending on the patient's anatomical structure. The dentist may have the option of using X-ray or CT scans to establish the patient's anatomical structure, and the strap can be machined to fit or simply cut to the appropriate size by the dentist before implantation in response to the patient's anatomical structure, thereby providing versatility and patient customization.

[0023] Preferably, the strap is not so tight as to exert pressure on the lower jaw, but sits intimately enough to allow the bone to osseointegrate. This provides a method of implanting a dental implant without drilling into the bone. However, in practice, and at the dentist's option, it is possible to create a shallow pilot hole to take the cylindrical mandibular process, which would be advantageous.

[0024] The strap may include means for engaging with the implant platform. The means for engaging with the implant platform may include a cantilever arm or receiving aperture that engages with complementary features on the implant platform. The strap is configured to attach to the implant platform and hold the implant platform in the correct position relative to the lower jaw. Alternatively, the strap may be attached to any type of implant having appropriate fasteners.

[0025] The strap can be permanently attached, for example, to a first side of the implant platform, and either or both of the implant platform and the strap can include attachment means so that the strap can be attached to the implant platform on the side opposite to the first side of the implant platform. For example, the strap can be already fixed to the platform, and in use, the free end of the strap is wrapped around the lower jaw, and then the free end is connected to the opposite end of the strap or directly to the platform.

[0026] Alternatively, the strap may include a cord, which can be tied to an eyelet or other hoop structure on the implant platform. The attachment means on the strap may include at least one loose end or cord at one end of the strap. Alternatively, the strap may include two or four cords at two or four of the corners of the strap. If the strap includes one or two cords at only one end, the strap may also include alternative means for attachment to the implant platform at the other end.

[0027] The attachment means is configured to be able to attach the strap to the implant platform, and during use, to be able to tighten (preferably gradually) the strap around the lower jaw while maintaining or increasing the connection between the strap and the implant platform. In another embodiment, the strap is not permanently attached to the implant platform on one side. Instead, the gradually tightening attachment means described above can be provided on both sides of the implant platform.

[0028] Alternatively, the strap and the implant platform can be configured such that the strap can be firmly anchored to one side of the implant platform, and gradually tightening attachment means can be provided on the side of the strap opposite to the side where the strap is anchored. In yet another embodiment, it is possible to provide means for gradually tightening, which allows for a relative gradual tightening movement of the two strap ends with respect to each other, whereby such tightening movement increases the tightening engagement with the tightening means. The implant platform can be connected to the tightening means, for example, such that it rests on the tightening means on the side opposite to the side of the tightening means closest to the lower jaw. It is not essential that the strap be tightened to the extent that friction anchors the implant platform to the lower jaw. Instead, the anchoring is preferably provided by osseointegration with the strap or an aperture therein.

[0029] The implant platform can generally be cuboid in shape. The implant platform can have one surface that contacts the bone surface during use. The bone contact surface can be the "bottom" surface of the implant platform. The implant platform can have a second surface located on the opposite side of the bone contact surface. The second surface can include an area configured to hold the abutment and the dental prosthesis. The dental prosthesis can sit in the center of the platform, and thus, the tooth implant holding area can be in the center of the platform. The platform can provide a fixation area for the tooth implant in the case of concave bone tissue without the need for bone grafting or distraction.

[0030] The tooth implant holding surface can be the "upper" surface of the implant platform. The upper surface of the implant platform can additionally have attachment means for attaching a strap to the implant platform. The strap attachment means can be a protrusion, or a fastener, or a series of protrusions / fasteners suitable for engaging a cantilever arm or a receiving opening over the strap. The strap attachment means can be provided on one or both sides of the tooth implant holding area. The strap attachment means can include protrusions / fasteners that can interface-connect with the engagement features over the strap. The terms "engagement means" and "attachment means" are used interchangeably herein. The protrusions / fasteners can be integrally formed with the implant platform. The protrusions / fasteners can be machined into the implant platform.

[0031] Alternatively, the protrusions / fasteners can be separate components fixed to the implant platform.

[0032] The fasteners can be wire-lock pin type fasteners, cable clamps with push mounts, nail cable clips, buckle type clips, or any other fastening means suitable for attaching the loose end to a surface. Alternatively or in addition, the dentist may fasten the fasteners on the strap with a surgical knot or a tight knot around the loop fixture. Multiple fasteners may be present.

[0033] The implant platform may include a metallic material that can integrate with the bone. The metallic material may be titanium. Alternatively, the material may be medical-grade steel, cobalt-chromium, zirconium, titanium alloy, or medical-grade polymer. Additionally or alternatively, any material with suitable mechanical properties for use as a dental implant (i.e., appropriate wear properties, tensile and compressive strength, and fracture toughness) may be used.

[0034] The bone contact surface can be curved to fit the contour of the upper surface of the mandible. The bone contact surface can be coated. The coating can be a hydroxyapatite, fluoride, or calcium-based material. The coating can be any other material to increase the surface area or to promote bone attachment or inward growth. The bone contact surface can also be roughened, for example, using a sandblasting technique, to increase the surface area for bone attachment or inward growth.

[0035] In one embodiment, the surface facing the mandible may include means for stabilizing the platform relative to the mandible. The means for stabilizing the implant platform may include spikes for engaging with the mandible to prevent rotation. The spikes may be provided in a circular arrangement positioned concentrically around the projection facing the mandible. However, it will be understood that the spikes may also be in other configurations. The spikes may be pyramidal, pyramidal, or conical projections. Other suitable geometric shapes for engaging with the bone surface are also conceivable.

[0036] The center of the platform may have a suitable recess for the abutment. Alternatively, the implant platform may include a projection for receiving the abutment. The geometry of the projection or recess may be complementary to the abutment so that the two components can fit together. The abutment receiving projection may include means for anchoring the abutment to the projection once connected. This anchoring means may be mechanical, a coating, or any other suitable means. The means for anchoring the abutment may be threading on the engaging surfaces of the abutment and projection. In one embodiment, threading on the outer surface of the projection may be complementary to threading on the inner surface of the abutment. The abutment receiving projection may include a guide for positioning the dental prosthesis.

[0037] The advantage of the described arrangement is that the abutment and dental prosthesis may be replaceable. In current procedures, when an implant is inserted directly into the bone, it fuses with the surrounding bone, and therefore, if the implant needs to be replaced, there is a high risk of bone destruction during the removal procedure. In the arrangement of the present invention, the implant platform can remain in place, and the abutment and crown can be replaced as many times as needed. For example, younger generations with implants are more likely to need replacement implants during their lifetime. This is because bone naturally resorbs over time and with age. The resorbed bone provides less material for attachment, and therefore, if further drilling is required for a replacement implant, the implant will gradually move closer to the cranial nerves and blood supply.

[0038] In one embodiment, instead of a projection facing the mandible, the implant platform may include a small hole at its base (or side facing the bone surface). A pilot screw can be inserted through the hole and screwed into the underlying bone. The screw head is larger than the hole, so that only the threaded portion of the screw can fit through the hole. Thus, when the pilot screw is screwed into the bone beneath the implant platform, the implant platform is sandwiched between the bone and the screw head.

[0039] Alternatively, additional anchoring means are present on the pilot screw or the mandibular-facing projection, increasing the surface area of ​​contact between it and the surrounding bone. These configurations provide further stability to the implant and prevent any unnecessary and potentially harmful movement of the implant platform. This is especially important immediately after implantation, before the bone has time to osseointegrate with the implant and / or strap.

[0040] In embodiments where a pilot screw is required, the pilot screw can be small relative to the lower jaw. The pilot screw can be 1 to 4 mm in length. Therefore, it does not pose a risk of damaging the centrally located cranial nerves or blood supply.

[0041] According to the embodiment, there exists a training method that includes the steps of instructing the dentist to (i) make an alveolar crest incision on the apical side of the mandible; (ii) reflect the gum / gingival flap circumferentially around the mandible to create some space between the gum and bone; (iii) fit the implant platform onto the upper surface of the mandible so as to contact the upper surface of the mandible; (iv) wrap a strap around the mandible; and (v) secure the ends of the strap to the implant platform, thereby securing the implant platform to the mandible. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0042] [Figure 1] A perspective view of the exposed mandible. [Figure 2] This diagram shows an in-situ implant platform above the mandible. [Figure 3] This diagram shows an implant with a strap surrounding the mandible, an implant platform, and a strap. [Figure 4] This diagram shows an implant with a strap surrounding the mandible, an implant platform, and a strap. [Figure 5] This figure shows an implant with a strap that further surrounds the mandible, an implant platform, and a strap. [Figure 6] This diagram shows the implant secured to the implant platform with a strap surrounding the mandible and implant platform. [Figure 7]This figure shows an implant with a strap surrounding the mandible and implant platform, as well as a threaded ferrule. [Figure 8] This figure shows an implant with a strap surrounding the mandible and implant platform, as well as a threaded ferrule. [Figure 9] Figures 9A and 9B are top and bottom perspective views of an implant platform according to an embodiment. [Figure 10] This is a diagram illustrating an implant platform according to an embodiment. [Figure 11A] This figure shows the contact portion according to the embodiment. [Figure 11B] This figure shows the contact portion fixed to the implant platform according to the embodiment. [Figure 12A] This figure shows an implant platform according to an embodiment. [Figure 12B] This figure shows the contact portion fixed to the implant platform according to the embodiment. [Figure 13A] This figure shows a strap according to an embodiment. [Figure 13B] This diagram shows the aperture above the strap. [Figure 14] This figure shows a strap according to an embodiment. [Figure 15] Figures 15A to 15D show various strap buckle geometric shapes according to the embodiment. [Figure 16] Figures 16A and 16B show a buckle according to an embodiment. [Figure 17] Figures 17A and 17B show straps according to embodiments. [Figure 18] Figures 18A and 18B show an implant platform according to an embodiment. [Figure 19] Figures 19A to 19D show implants according to embodiments. [Figure 20]Figures 20A to 20D show implants according to the embodiment. [Figure 21] Figures 21A to 21D show implant assemblies according to embodiments. [Figure 22] Figures 22A to 22D show threaded ferrules and tools according to embodiments. [Figure 23] Figures 23A and 23B show an implant platform according to an embodiment. [Figure 24] This figure illustrates an implant platform according to an embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0043] Figures 1 to 8 show the mandible 10 at various stages during implant insertion. The implant includes an implant platform 14 for insertion into the mandible 10, a strap 40 for securing the implant platform 14 in the appropriate position, and a contact portion 30 (as shown in Figure 11) that can be fixed to the implant platform 14 and receive an implant crown (not shown). Accordingly, various examples of implant platforms, straps, contact portions, and combinations are shown in Figures 9 to 24.

[0044] Figure 1 depicts the mandible 10. Before the procedure, the section of the mandible 10 is exposed by displacing / disengaging / elevating the surrounding tissues that enclose the mandible to indicate the implantation site 12. For example, in Figure 1, the section surrounding the mandible 10 is disengaged, and the section of tissue roughly within the black box is displaced to expose the bone. This can be done by anesthetizing the patient with an appropriate nerve block agent. An alveolar crest incision is made using a surgical scalpel on the apical (occlusal) side where the molars and anterior teeth are located. A periosteal elevator is used to reflect the gingival / gummary flap, and the dentist can continue to reflect the flap circumferentially. This creates some space between the gums and the jawbone. The dentist can then shave the jawbone if deemed necessary.

[0045] In Figure 2, the site 12 for the implant is exposed for the implant. In some embodiments, the implant is placed directly on the mandible at site 12. In other embodiments, a small hole is drilled to a maximum depth of 2.5 mm to receive the implant platform 14. When a small hole is used, a projection on the base of the implant platform 14 is inserted into the small hole and secured in the correct position, so that the rest of the implant platform 14 sits on the mandible.

[0046] As shown in Figure 3, the ends of the strap 40 are connected to the implant platform 14 and are wrapped around the mandible 10. Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the strap, in which the first end of the strap 40, with an opening 48, is looped over the contact receiving projection 20 of the implant platform 14. The orientation of the implant is influenced by the drape of the strap 40 over the bone, and therefore the dentist is given the opportunity to adjust the orientation of the implant platform by adjusting the drape of the strap 40 over the mandible 10, allowing the implant placement to match the surrounding teeth.

[0047] As shown in Figure 4, the strap 40 is wrapped around the mandible and aligned so that the engaging features 52 of the strap 40 engage with the projections 60 on the implant platform 14 (in the example shown in Figure 20D, four such projections are shown, but from other figures disclosed herein, among other things, it will be recognized that it is also possible that a different number of projections may be provided instead). In the embodiment shown, the elongated opening 62 at the second end of the strap 40 connects to the implant platform 14 by looping back over the contact receiving projection 20 and aligning the end of the strap 40 with the rest of the strap 40.

[0048] Figure 4 illustrates a strap 40 that is looped around the mandible 10. The surface of the strap 40 is flat, ensuring that the strap 40 lies flat on the bone. The surface of the strap 40 is compliant with the convex surface of the bone, creating intimate contact. However, the strap 40 bridges the concave surface of the bone. In another embodiment, the strap 40 is first loosely wrapped around the mandibular bone before the ends of the strap 40 are looped on the projection 20 of the implant platform 14.

[0049] Figure 5 illustrates the end of the strap 40 (with an elongated opening 62) that is securely looped over the projection 20, showing the engagement between the engagement feature 52 and the projection 60.

[0050] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a perspective view of the implant platform 14 and strap 40 in the in situ above the exposed lower jaw. As shown in Figure 6, the loose end of the strap 40 is smoothed over the bone surface. In some cases, the loose end of the strap 40 can be further secured with sutures or removed.

[0051] As shown in Figure 7, in some embodiments, the threaded ferrule 78 is gently guided onto the projection 20 of the implant platform 14, and the strap 40 is sandwiched between the threaded ferrule 78 and the implant platform 14. As illustrated by Figure 8, the threaded ferrule 78 firmly holds and secures the two ends of the strap 40 together. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the implant platform 14, strap 40, and threaded ferrule 78 in situ on the lower jaw 10.

[0052] As will be shown in subsequent figures, the contact portion 30 is fixed to the implant platform 14 and / or threaded ferrule 78. The crown or replacement tooth is then fitted onto the contact portion 30 so that the tooth sits above the implant and at the same level as the surrounding teeth.

[0053] Specific characteristics of the implant are discussed below.

[0054] Figure 9 illustrates an implant platform 14 according to an embodiment. The implant platform 14 includes a mandibular-facing surface 16 for engaging with the mandible and a contact-receiving surface 24. The contact-receiving surface 24 is also referred to as the upper surface of the implant. The contact-receiving surface 24 includes a projection 20 for receiving the contact. As shown, the projection 20 is substantially cylindrical in geometric shape. In some embodiments, the contact-receiving surface 24 of the implant platform 14 also includes at least one projection for engaging with a strap 40.

[0055] In the embodiments shown in Figures 9A and 9B, the implant platform 14 includes a curved upper surface 24. The curved upper surface 24 is a curve that prevents the strap 40 from bending or twisting, and allows the strap to hang over the surface. The curvature of the upper surface further ensures that the strap 40 sits tightly against the mandibular bone and increases the contact area between the strap 40 and the mandibular bone. The increased surface area is beneficial for osseointegration between the strap 40 and the mandibular bone.

[0056] The implant platform 14 includes a mandibular surface 16 on its underside. The mandibular surface 16 is also referred to herein as the base surface 16. The implant platform 14 has a projection 18 (or spigot) on the mandibular surface 16. The projection 18 is for insertion into a (usually drilled) hole in the mandibular 10. The projection 18 is cylindrical with a frustoconical end. When in use, the projection 18 extends into the mandibular, restricting the lateral movement of the implant platform 14 relative to the mandibular 10.

[0057] In one embodiment, the mandibular-facing surface 16 of the implant platform 14 includes a plurality of spikes 22 for engaging with the mandibular bone at site 12. The spikes 22 further stabilize the implant platform 14 and prevent lateral movement and rotation of the implant platform 14 relative to the mandibular 10. The increased surface area provided by the spikes 22 and the close contact with the bone promote osseointegration between the mandibular-facing surface 16 and the bone at site 12. As shown, in one embodiment, the spikes 22 are arranged in a circular pattern and positioned concentrically around the base projection 18. However, it will be understood that the spikes may be in other configurations. The spikes 22 are pyramidal, square pyramidal, or conical projections. Other suitable geometric shapes for engaging with the bone surface are also conceivable.

[0058] Figure 10 shows an implant platform 14 according to an embodiment. The spike 22 is positioned around the periphery of the base surface 16. The curvature of the upper surface 24 is greater to further protect the strap from twisting and to guide the strap around the mandible when in situ.

[0059] Figure 11A shows a contact portion 30 according to an embodiment. The base surface 31 of the contact portion 30 is contoured to match the upper surface 24 of the implant platform 14. In this way, the contact portion 30 can be easily guided into the correct position by a dentist. The contact portion 30 can be more elongated to suit the location and type of tooth to be replaced, or it can have a reduced height as shown. Figure 11B shows the contact portion 30 in the proper position on the implant platform 14. The contact portion 30 includes a receiving portion 33, which is shaped to receive a crown and is shaped to receive a socket head helical screw.

[0060] Figure 12A shows an implant platform 14 according to an embodiment. The implant side portion 26 has a smooth, rounded surface, making the implant platform 14 more harmonious with the surrounding soft tissue than a rough surface and sharp edges, thus minimizing adverse bodily reactions to the implant platform 14. In one embodiment, the implant platform 14 further includes an anti-rotation rib 32 on the projection 20. In the embodiment shown in Figure 12A, the rib 32 extends longitudinally from the projection 20 and projects radially from the projection 20. The rib 32 prevents the contact portion, which includes a matching or similar internal groove, from rotating relative to the implant platform 14.

[0061] The implant shown in Figure 12A includes a barb 28 on the mandibular process 18. In the illustrated embodiment, the barb 28 is formed on a rib, which protrudes radially and extends longitudinally on the mandibular process 18. However, embodiments in which the barb 28 is provided directly on the mandibular process 18 are also conceivable. The barb 28 provides additional engagement with the bone of the mandible 10 and promotes osseointegration. As shown, in the embodiment, the barb 28 has a serrated or substantially serrated profile, and the surface 27 is inclined at an oblique angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mandibular process 18. It will be recognized that the configuration of the surface 27 allows for easy movement of the mandibular process 18 into a drilled hole in the mandible 10, as the surface is inclined away from the direction of insertion into the mandible 10. The barb 28 also has a surface that extends perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly with respect to the axis of the mandibular process 18. Therefore, during use, the surface 29 is parallel or substantially parallel to the base of the implant platform 14. The surface 29 engages with the bone if the implant is pulled vertically and resists movement perpendicular to the mandible 10. Thus, the barb 28 facilitates unidirectional insertion of the implant platform 14 and resists removal of the implant platform 14. Figure 12B illustrates the implant platform 14 of Figure 12A with the contact portion positioned on its upper surface 24.

[0062] Figures 13A and 13B through 17 are schematic diagrams of the strap 40 according to an embodiment. The strap 40 comprises a substantially flat material of a predetermined length having two ends and a section extending between them. In one embodiment, the strap 40 is between approximately 0.05 mm and 0.25 mm in thickness. While the strap 40 in the embodiment is formed from titanium, it will be understood that other suitable materials may also be used.

[0063] The strap 40 shown includes a plurality of apertures 42. The apertures 42 are machined into the strap 40 to form a mesh-like geometric shape. In one embodiment, the apertures are etched into the strap 40. This can be done, for example, using a laser texturing or ablation process or a chemical etching process. In one embodiment, instead of apertures, the strap is formed from a three-dimensional chainmail structure. Minimizing the thickness of the strap and adding apertures makes the strap 40 flexible and able to conform to the contour of the mandible 10. The strap 40 has an elongated shape including two end portions, with sections having apertures extending between them.

[0064] As shown in Figure 13B, in some embodiments, the aperture 42 includes a circular opening with a diameter of 0.7 mm, and in other embodiments, the aperture 42 includes a hexagonal opening spanning a flat section with a width of 0.7 mm. Sizing the aperture to approximately 0.7 mm is optimal for promoting osseointegration. The hexagonal aperture provides increased flexibility and stress resistance to the strap 40. As shown in Figure 13B, the aperture 42 can be circular, hexagonal, triangular, or any suitable shape.

[0065] The strap 40 includes a scalloped edge 56, as shown in Figure 14, for example, which extends along the side of the perforated section. The scalloped edge allows it to blend with the surrounding bone when in situ, promoting osseointegration between the strap 40 and the bone of the mandible 10.

[0066] Here, specific embodiments of the strap 40 will be discussed. Straps 401, 402, and 403 include an opening 48 through which the projection 20 of the implant platform 14 protrudes when in situ. Thus, straps 401, 402, or 403 can engage with the implant platform 14 and secure it to the mandible 10. As shown in Figures 14 and 17A, in some embodiments, straps 404, 407 include an opening that is substantially circular in shape. Figure 17B shows an alternative embodiment in which the opening is non-circular or oval, allowing for versatility to the patient's anatomical structure and ease of fitting for the dentist.

[0067] The strap 40 includes an engagement and receiving mechanism. As shown in Figure 13A, the end portions of straps 401, 402, and 403 include barbed sections 44. The barbed sections 44 include a plurality of engagement features 52. As shown in Figure 13A, in one embodiment, the engagement features 52 include a plurality of cantilever locking arms 80 oriented in two opposing directions. The opposite end of the strap 40 includes a receiving section 46. In the embodiment shown in Figure 13A, straps 401, 402, and 403 include a receiving section 46 having a pair of apertures 50 suitable for receiving the barbed sections 44. The barbed sections can be inserted through both apertures 50, and the cantilever arms 80 engage with the periphery of the apertures 50, thereby locking the ends of the straps together.

[0068] In the embodiment shown in Figure 13A, multiple cantilever locking arms 80 provide a range of sizing options to suit different sizes of mandibles. Depending on the required length of the straps 401, 402, or 403, the appropriate cantilever arm 80 is engaged. The aperture 50 has a wider section adjacent to the perforated sections of the straps 401, 402, or 403, through which the barbed section 44 can fit. The aperture 50 also has a narrower section adjacent to the ends of the straps 401, 402, and 403, which is too narrow for the barbed section 44 to fit through. When in use, the barbed section is inserted into the wider section of the aperture 50, and when released, the straps 401, 402, or 403 sit in the narrower section of the aperture 50. The cantilevered locking arm 80 of the barbed section 44 engages with the periphery of the narrow section of the aperture 50, securing the strap ends together.

[0069] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 14 and 15A to 15D, straps 404, 405, and 406 include a receiving section 46 that includes a buckle 54 instead of a receiving aperture. The buckle 54 is suitable for receiving the barbed sections 44 of straps 404, 405, and 406. The barbed sections 44 of straps 404 and 405 include a cantilever arm 80 that faces in only one direction. The barbed section 44 of strap 406 includes a plurality of tabs 82, the plurality of tabs 82 are out of the plane relative to the rest of strap 406. The buckle 54 includes a pair of openings, through which the barbed section 44 is woven. In use, the barbed section 44 is inserted from the first face of the buckle through the first opening and exits the buckle 54 at the second opposite face. Between the first and second openings, the barbed section 44 engages with the buckle via engaging portion 58 (Figures 15A and 15B) or engaging portion 55 (Figures 15C and 15D). The buckles 54 of the straps 404 and 405 shown in Figures 14, 15A, and 15B include engaging portions of a cantilever section 58 positioned between the openings. The cantilever section 58 carries engaging teeth, which are biased toward teeth carried by each cantilever spring arm 80 of the barbed section 44, thereby engaging the strap with the buckle 54. The free end of the strap is guided into the engagement mechanism of the buckle 54 (as shown in Figure 14). In some embodiments, the buckle 54 includes a 3D structure, as shown in Figures 16A and 16B. Figure 16B shows a cross-sectional view of the buckle 54 in Figure 16A, where the strap material is selectively etched from both sides to create a rectangular tunnel within the block section, through which the barbed section 44 is guided.

[0070] In Figures 15C and 15D, the strap 406 has a barbed section 44 including tabs 82, which are extruded from a two-dimensional plane defined by the strap 406, for example, so that they protrude at an oblique angle to the plane of the strap 406. In this embodiment, the buckle 54 includes two openings 55, which are suitable for receiving the tabs 82, so that the tabs 82 ratchet over them when the strap 406 is tightened around the jaw. Although two holes 55 are shown, it will be recognized that any suitable number of holes 55 are included. The tabs 82 and holes 55 lock together in a manner similar to that of a zip tie, resisting being pulled apart in a direction that would release the barbed section 44 from the buckle 54.

[0071] Therefore, straps 404, 405, and 406 engage securely with buckle 54 at multiple points, thereby increasing stability and distributing the load across multiple points. Buckle 54 is particularly useful for smaller geometric shapes of the mandible where the cantilevered locking arm 80 may bulge and slide through aperture 50.

[0072] Another embodiment of the strap 407 is shown in Figure 17A. The opening 48 is configured to be placed on the projection 20 of the implant platform 14 when the implant platform 14 is secured to the mandible (as shown in Figure 3). The barbed section 44 of the strap 407 includes a plurality of cantilever arms 84 in two rows, with the cantilever arms 84 of the first row extending in the opposite direction to the cantilever arms 84 of the second row. The barbed section 44 includes an elongated opening 62 positioned between the rows, as shown in Figure 17A. The elongated opening 62 is configured to loop over the projection 20 of the implant platform 14 after the strap 40 has been looped around the mandible, as shown in Figure 4. The cantilever arms 84 of the barbed section 44 are designed to bend and engage with matching features 60 on the implant platform 14 (for example, projections 60 shown in Figures 18A and 18B).

[0073] In the alternative embodiment shown in Figure 17B, instead of the barbed section, the strap 408 includes two rows of apertures 86 instead of the rows of cantilever arms 84 of the strap 407. The rows of apertures 86 are configured to engage with matching features 60 on the implant platform 14, securing the second end of the strap 408 in the appropriate position.

[0074] As illustrated in Figures 18A and 18B, an embodiment of the implant platform includes a projection 60 on the upper surface 24 of the implant platform 14, the projection 60 being suitable for engaging with a cantilever arm 84 or an opening 86 (as referenced in Figure 20D). As shown in Figure 19D, the arm 84 of the strap 407 engages with the projection feature 60 of the implant platform 14. In one embodiment, there are four projections 60 on the upper surface 24 of the implant platform. Preferably, there are approximately six projections 60 to distribute the load and reduce the risk of the material being sheared and dropped. As can be seen from the embodiment illustrated in Figure 18A, it is assumed that the projections 60 (or at least the projections 60 closest to the edge of the implant platform 14 (from that edge, after being looped around the mandible, the strap 407 is required to approach the implant platform 14)) are curved. The shape of the projection 60 allows the cantilever arm 84 to slide relatively easily over the projection 60 while it is being clamped around the mandible and implant platform 14. Once the desired clamping is achieved, the user simply needs to move the cantilever arm 84 downward toward the upper surface of the implant platform 14 to facilitate engagement between the cantilever arm 84 and the projection 60.

[0075] Figure 20 shows a strap 408 configured to loop and engage with a projection 60 on the upper surface 24 of the implant platform 14. Multiple apertures 86 surround an elongated opening 62, which, when in use, loops over the projection 20 of the implant platform 14. It should be emphasized that Figure 20D omits showing the engagement of the other end of the strap 408 with the implant platform 14, solely for illustrative purposes. It will be recognized that, by the time the engagement shown in Figure 20D is affected during use, the other end of the strap 408 is already positioned around the projection 20, and the strap 408 is looped around the mandible.

[0076] In some embodiments, the assembly further includes a retaining washer 70. The retaining washer 70 provides further fastening means. In some embodiments, the retaining washer 70 includes a flat plate, as shown in Figure 19B. The retaining washer 70 can be circular or polygonal in shape. In some embodiments, the retaining washer 70 is a spring-loaded retaining washer.

[0077] The flat plate retaining washer 70 in Figure 19B has an inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the projection 20. A radial cut is provided along the inner circumference of the retaining washer 70, creating a flexible, inwardly facing tongue that bends upward when the retaining washer 70 is pressed downward onto the projection 20 despite its small inner diameter, thereby allowing the retaining washer 70 to be applied over the projection 20. The projection 20 includes a circumferential groove having a diameter approximately the same as or smaller than the inner diameter of the retaining washer 70. Thus, the retaining washer 70 can be pressed downward onto the projection 20 until the retaining washer 70 reaches the groove and engages with the projection 20 in a snap-fit ​​type action. In one embodiment, the retaining washer 70 may be spring-loaded such that when the retaining washer 70 is in situ, it allows the strap 408 to slide over the projection 60 but does not allow it to slide in the opposite direction.

[0078] Alternatively, a threaded ferrule 78 is used instead of the retaining washer 70, as illustrated in Figures 21C and 22A, 22B, and 22C. The threaded ferrule 78 includes a threaded surface, which can be fixed to a threaded projection 20 of the implant platform 14. Fixing the threaded ferrule 78 via the threaded surface makes the connection smoother and allows soft tissue to blend on the surface. Optionally, multiple grooves 71 can be provided within the threaded ferrule 78, as shown in Figure 22A, allowing the threaded ferrule to be screwed in by a tool 72 (shown in Figure 22C), which is designed to enable screwing in the threaded ferrule 78. Complementary projections 76 on the inner surface of the tool 72 coincide with the grooves 71 in the threaded ferrule 78. The diameter of the hollow recess in the tool 72 closely matches the outer surface of the threaded ferrule 78. The threads on the outer surface of the projection 20 of the implant platform 14 are finer to allow for finer feed-in and to allow for a larger surface area for distributing the load through the screw thread area, providing increased stability. In one embodiment, the outer diameter of the threads of the projection 20 is 3.5 mm, the standard pitch of the helical threads is 0.6 mm, and the fine pitch of the helical threads is 0.35 mm.

[0079] In some embodiments, the threads do not extend to the top of the projection 20, allowing the threaded ferrule 78 to cover the sharp edges of the threads and protect the surrounding soft tissue. As shown in Figures 23A and 23B according to embodiments, the threaded ferrule 78 includes a smooth, rounded upper surface to cover the exposed sharp edges of the threads in order to protect the soft tissue.

[0080] In the embodiments described, the hole 48 is positioned on the implant projection 20, and then the strap 40 is wrapped around the mandible 10, with the elongated hole 62 sliding over the projection 20. In some embodiments, the ends of the strap 40 are, for example, rounded straps 401, 402, and 403, as shown in Figure 13A. In some embodiments, one or both ends of the strap 40 are, for example, a squared strap 407, as shown in Figure 17A, allowing for the addition of an increased number of engagement features 52, and thus increasing the number of engagement points between the strap 407 and the upper surface 24 of the implant platform 14.

[0081] Alternative embodiments of the implant platform 14 are shown in Figures 23A and 23B. As shown in Figure 23A, the upper surface 24 of the implant platform 14 includes a side wall 38 to guide the strap 40 and to reduce the risk of the strap 40 spreading. This is particularly useful by the use of the strap 408, where the material on either side of the elongated slot 62 is tapered, and the engagement between the aperture opening 86 and the projection 60 could cause the elongated slot 62 to deform and loosen. The side wall 38 stabilizes the strap. Similarly, in the embodiment shown in Figure 23B, the implant platform 14 includes an alignment groove 39 for the same purpose, allowing for a tight fit between the side of the elongated slot 62 and the implant platform 14.

[0082] Figure 21A shows the alignment notch 88 on the projection 20. The alignment notch assists in the positioning and orientation of the crown or bridge.

[0083] In a further embodiment shown in Figure 24, the implant platform 14 includes two or more mandibular projections 18. The projections 18 prevent rotation of the implant platform 14 relative to the mandible 10 and are therefore useful in many situations where this would be a risk due to the available bone structure or the patient's anatomical structure.

[0084] In any of the embodiments described, the surfaces of the implant platform 14 and / or strap 40 are smooth and / or polished to allow soft tissue to settle smoothly. In some embodiments, the surfaces are coated with titanium nitride, which provides a low-friction surface. Alternatively, in any of the embodiments, the surfaces of the implant platform 14 or strap 40 are roughened. Roughened surfaces enhance osseointegration. In any of the embodiments described, some or all of the surfaces are coated with hydroxyapatite, which provides a surface structure known to enhance osseointegration.

[0085] While specific embodiments have been described, these embodiments are presented merely as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Indeed, the novel devices and methods described herein can be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, and modifications in the forms of devices, methods, and products described herein can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. The appended claims and equivalents are intended to cover forms or modifications that fall within the scope and spirit of the invention. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0086] 10 Lower jaw, lower jaw 12. Areas for planting 14 Implant Platforms 16 Surface facing the mandible 18 Mandibular process 20 Contact portion receiving projection 22 Spikes 24 Upper surface 26. Lateral part of the implant 27 Surface 28 Barbs 29 Surface 30 Contact part 31 Base surface 32 Anti-rotation ribs 33 Receiving section 38 Side wall section 39 Alignment groove 40 straps 42 Aperture 44 barbed sections 46 Acceptance Section 48 openings 50 Aperture 52 Engagement Features 54 Buckle 55 Engagement part, opening, hole 56 Scalloped edge 58 Engagement part 60 Protrusion 62 Long, narrow opening 70 Retaining Washers 71 Groove 72 Tools 76 Complementary protrusions 78 Threaded Ferrule 80 Cantilevered rocking arm 82 tabs 84 Cantilevered arm 86 Aperture, opening 88 Alignment Notches 401 Strap 402 Strap 403 Strap 404 Strap 405 Strap 406 Strap 407 Strap 408 Strap

Claims

1. A dental implant comprising an implant platform and a strap, wherein the strap is configured to surround the lower jaw in order to secure the implant platform to the lower jaw, A dental implant comprising an implant platform having a projection for insertion into the mandible.

2. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the strap is a flexible sheet.

3. The dental implant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the strap has a plurality of apertures so as to form a mesh.

4. The dental implant according to claim 3, wherein each perforation has a diameter of 0.7 mm or is 0.7 mm across the narrowest width of the polygonal or hexagonal aperture.

5. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the strap comprises means for engaging with the implant platform.

6. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the strap is made of metal.

7. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the implant platform comprises a contact portion receiving portion for receiving a contact portion for receiving a crown.

8. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the implant platform comprises means for engaging with the strap and / or means for disengaging from the strap.

9. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the implant platform comprises means for stabilizing the implant platform with respect to the mandible.

10. The means for stabilizing the implant platform is provided with a barb on the projection, according to claim 9, for the dental implant.

11. The dental implant according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the means for stabilization includes an anti-rotation spike on the surface of the implant platform facing the mandible.

12. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein any or all components of the dental implant are coated with a material for promoting osseointegration.

13. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein any or all components of the dental implant are coated or partially coated with a material for reducing friction between the dental implant and the soft tissue of the lower jaw.

14. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a contact portion suitable for receiving a crown.

15. A kit of parts comprising a dental implant and a tool according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the tool is suitable for implanting the dental implant onto the mandible.

16. A non-volatile memory for storing computer instructions for execution by an additive manufacturing device, wherein the computer instructions, when executed by the additive manufacturing device, cause the additive manufacturing device to manufacture a dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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