Sloping stabilized structure
The slope stabilization structure with rock bolts, nuts, and a net system addresses deer damage and slope collapse by maintaining bearing pressure and reducing costs, effectively preventing deer intrusion and slope destabilization.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NIPPON STEEL METAL PROD CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2022-10-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing slope stabilization methods fail to effectively prevent deer damage while maintaining environmental integrity, leading to reduced bearing pressure and increased costs due to fence installation and maintenance, and do not address slope collapse prevention.
A slope stabilization structure comprising rock bolts, nuts, bearing plates, and a net stretched over a bracket material to prevent deer intrusion, with the net maintained at a predetermined distance and width to deter deer entry.
Prevents slope collapses and deer damage by maintaining bearing pressure, reducing installation and maintenance costs, and minimizing net area required for effective deer deterrence.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a slope stabilization structure, and more particularly, to a slope stabilization structure for preventing slope erosion caused by deer damage.
Background Art
[0002] Conventionally, as a measure to prevent slope collapses such as landslides, slopes have been hardened with concrete to prevent slope collapses. However, in the case of the measure of hardening slopes with concrete, it is necessary to cut down trees on the entire slope, which has the problem of destroying the natural environment.
[0003] Therefore, the applicant developed a reinforcing bar insertion method in which holes are drilled at predetermined intervals on the slope, rock bolts are inserted and hardened with grout material, a pressure plate is attached to the outer ends of the rock bolts, and the outer ends of the rock bolts are tightened with a wire rope to prevent slope collapse and preserve the natural environment and landscape (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
[0004] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a natural slope stabilization method in which a plurality of anchors 1 having bending rigidity are inserted into the soil in an appropriate arrangement on a natural slope, a pressure plate 2 is attached to the head of each anchor 1, and the heads of each anchor 1 are connected by a flexible linear or strip-shaped head connecting member 3. In the initial stage of slope displacement, the anchor 1 and the pressure plate 2 resist the slope displacement, and when the slope displacement becomes a certain degree large, the resistance by the head connecting member 3 is added to the resistance by the anchor 1 and the pressure plate 2. A natural slope stabilization method and a slope stabilization structure are disclosed (see Claim 1 of the claims of Patent Document 1, paragraphs
[0014] to
[0031] of the specification, FIGS. 1 to 4 of the drawings, etc.).
[0005] Furthermore, Patent Document 2 discloses a slope stabilization method and slope stabilization structure for preventing soil runoff, in which a number of anchors are installed on a slope, a bearing member is attached to the head of each anchor and tightened to apply bearing pressure to the ground, and the heads of the anchors are connected with ropes, wherein a surface soil runoff prevention member capable of preventing the movement of surface soil downwards on the slope is attached to the ropes (see Claim 1 of the claims in Patent Document 2, paragraphs
[0018] to
[0027] of the specification, Figures 1 to 6 of the drawings, etc.).
[0006] The natural slope stabilization method described in Patent Document 1 and the slope stabilization method for suppressing soil runoff described in Patent Document 2 can be implemented without altering the slope, thus eliminating processes such as tree felling, excavation, slope shaping, and vegetation work, thereby reducing costs and construction time, while maintaining the landscape and environment, and reducing CO2 emissions. 2 It can also contribute to reduction and biodiversity conservation.
[0007] However, in recent years, in some areas, the deer population has increased so much that they have eaten away the vegetation around the slope stabilization structures described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, resulting in barren hillsides. This has led to concerns that rainwater will wash away the soil on the ground surface, creating gaps between the bearing plates and the ground, reducing the bearing pressure and hindering slope stabilization.
[0008] One possible solution to this problem is to install fences to prevent deer from entering the area. However, if the fence is too low, deer can easily jump over it, and if it is too high, there is a high risk of it collapsing or being damaged by strong winds such as typhoons, so it needs to be built sturdily, which increases the installation cost. Electric fences are also a possibility, but they require a voltage of 4000V or more at all times, which increases the maintenance cost.
[0009] In short, vertical fences to prevent deer intrusion have the problem of high installation and maintenance costs. Therefore, there is a strong demand for simple deer intrusion prevention measures that are inexpensive to install and easy to maintain.
[0010] On the other hand, as a planar measure to prevent the intrusion of herbivores, Patent Document 3 discloses an animal intrusion prevention device that involves digging a trench in the passage leading to the entrance of a farm and installing a grating to deter wild animals such as deer and wild boars from entering the farm and to prevent damage to crops by eating them (see Claim 1 of the claims, paragraphs
[0013] to
[0027] of the specification, and Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings of Patent Document 3).
[0011] However, the animal intrusion prevention device described in Patent Document 3 requires the excavation of a trench at least 200 mm deep, which does not solve the problem of high installation costs. Furthermore, it did not consider slope stabilization to prevent slope collapse.
[0012] Furthermore, Patent Document 4 discloses a device for preventing damage from herbivores by grazing, in which a mesh-like body 2 is positioned and covered with a spacer 3 so as to be suspended above the protective area 1 (see Claim 1 of the claims in Patent Document 3, paragraphs
[0019] to
[0038] of the specification, Figure 1 of the drawings, etc.).
[0013] However, the herbivore damage prevention device described in Patent Document 4 is an invention based on the idea of physically keeping herbivores away from plants with a mesh-like structure 2 to prevent damage, but it does not solve the problem of high installation costs, as it requires the mesh-like structure 2 to be installed over the entire area where damage to plants needs to be prevented. Also, similar to Patent Document 3, no consideration was given to slope stabilization to prevent slope collapse. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]
[0014] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-049673 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-324348 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-160731 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-73192 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]
[0015] Therefore, the present invention was devised in view of the aforementioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a slope stabilization structure that can prevent slope collapse such as landslides, and can also prevent the intrusion of herbivores such as deer in order to prevent a decrease in the bearing pressure of the bearing plate due to damage from grazing by herbivores. [Means for solving the problem]
[0016] The slope stabilization structure according to the first invention is a slope stabilization structure installed on a slope to stabilize the slope, comprising: a plurality of rock bolts fixed in the ground of the slope at predetermined intervals; a plurality of nuts screwed onto the rock bolts; and a bearing plate attached to the rock bolts by the nuts to bear the ground and prevent the slope from collapsing, wherein a bracket material is interposed between the bearing plate and the nuts, a net for preventing deer from entering is stretched over the bracket material, and the height at which the net is stretched is maintained at a predetermined distance from the slope.
[0017] The slope stabilization structure according to the second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the net is stretched over a predetermined width or more that prevents deer from jumping, from at least one of the end rows of the plurality of rock bolts, either left and right or upper and lower.
[0018] The slope stabilization structure according to the third invention is characterized in that, in the second invention, the net is stretched in a strip shape of a predetermined width so that deer cannot jump over it, surrounding the left and right ends and upper and lower end rows of the plurality of rock bolts.
[0019] The slope stabilization structure according to the fourth invention is characterized in that, in the second or third invention, the predetermined width is 2.0 m or more and 5.0 m or less.
[0020] The slope stabilization structure according to the fifth invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the predetermined distance is 300 mm or more and 600 mm or less.
[0021] The slope stabilization structure according to the sixth invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to third inventions or the fifth invention, the net is stretched by bending downward from any one of the left and right ends or the upper and lower ends of the plurality of rock bolts.
[0022] The slope stabilization structure according to the seventh invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to third inventions or the fifth invention, the bracket material also serves as a washer for the nut.
Advantages of the Invention
[0023] According to the first to seventh inventions, it is possible to prevent slope collapses such as landslides, and to prevent deer damage, that is, herbivores such as deer eat up all the vegetation in the entire countermeasure area by the slope stabilization structure, leaving the bare mountain and causing the earth and sand on the ground surface to flow due to rainwater, creating a gap between the bearing plate and the ground, reducing the bearing pressure and inhibiting slope stabilization.
[0024] Particularly, according to the second and fourth inventions, since the net is stretched over a predetermined width or more where deer cannot jump, it is possible to surely prevent the intrusion of deer and prevent the reduction of the bearing pressure due to deer damage.
[0025] Particularly, according to the third and fourth inventions, since the entire perimeter is surrounded by a net in a band shape by a predetermined width where deer cannot jump, it is possible to prevent the intrusion of deer from all directions while minimizing the net stretching area.
[0026] Particularly, according to the fifth invention, it is possible to stretch the net at a height where deer have difficulty walking, more surely prevent the intrusion of deer, and prevent the reduction of the bearing pressure due to deer damage.
[0027] In particular, according to the sixth invention, it is possible to prevent deer from sticking their faces into the vegetation of the end row and eating, and to prevent a decrease in the bearing pressure of the bearing plates of the end row.
[0028] In particular, according to the seventh invention, it is possible to eliminate the need for washers when tightening the lock bolt with a nut, thereby achieving cost reduction. [Brief explanation of the drawing]
[0029] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a front view of the overall configuration of the slope stabilization structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, viewed perpendicular to the slope. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view mainly showing the subsurface structure of the slope stabilization structure described above. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is an enlarged view of section A in Figure 1. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is an enlarged view of section B in Figure 1. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is an enlarged view of section C in Figure 1. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is an enlarged view of section D in Figure 1. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a view from arrow EE in Figure 5. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a view from the FF arrow in Figure 5. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a view from the arrow GG in Figure 6. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is an enlarged view showing the net of the slope stabilization structure described above folded towards the ground below, where (a) is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the net in a cut state, and (b) is a partially enlarged front view showing the vicinity of the net's end. [Modes for carrying out the invention]
[0030] Hereinafter, a slope stabilization structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0031] The slope stabilization structure 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described using Figures 1 to 10. Figure 1 is a front view of the overall configuration of the slope stabilization structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, viewed perpendicular to the slope. Figure 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view mainly showing the configuration of the slope stabilization structure 1 within the ground. Figure 3 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 1, and Figure 4 is an enlarged view of part B in Figure 1. Figure 5 is an enlarged view of part C in Figure 1, and Figure 6 is an enlarged view of part D in Figure 1. Furthermore, Figure 7 is a view from arrow EE in Figure 5, and Figure 8 is a view from arrow FF in Figure 5. Finally, Figure 9 is a view from arrow GG in Figure 6.
[0032] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the slope stabilization structure 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is a structure installed on a slope G1 to stabilize the slope, and comprises a plurality of rock bolts 2 fixed in the ground of the slope G1 at predetermined intervals, a plurality of nuts 3 that are screwed onto these rock bolts 2, and a bearing plate 4 that is attached to the rock bolts 2 by these nuts 3 to bear the ground and prevent the collapse of the slope G1. In addition, a bracket material 5 is interposed between the bearing plate 4 and the nuts 3, and a net 6 is stretched over this bracket material 5 to prevent deer from entering.
[0033] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, the heads of the rock bolts 2 are connected by a wire rope 7, which is a head connecting member, to integrate the rock bolts 2 together. Although the illustrated form of the slope stabilization structure 1 is schematically simplified and shown as a rectangle in Figure 1, etc., the overall shape of the slope stabilization structure 1 is appropriately set according to the shape of the slope on which it is installed or has been installed.
[0034] (Rock bolt) The rock bolts 2 according to this embodiment are threaded steel rods that are fixed to the ground and function as anchor materials. As shown in Figure 1, they are installed at predetermined distances D1 (D1 = 2 m in this embodiment) at the vertices of an equilateral triangle when viewed perpendicular to a surface. Therefore, the horizontal spacing between the rock bolts 2 is D2 = 1.73 m.
[0035] As shown in Figure 1, the slope stabilization structure 1 according to the illustrated embodiment has an overall width W1 = 40m from the leftmost end row of rock bolts 2 to the rightmost end row of rock bolts 2, and an overall installation length L1 = 25m along the slope G1 from the upper end row of rock bolts 2 to the lower end row of rock bolts 2.
[0036] As shown in Figure 2, this rock bolt 2 is inserted into a hole h1 drilled in the slope G1, and is anchored to the ground of the slope G1 by being reinforced around it with grout material G2.
[0037] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2, the rock bolts 2 may be installed by adding couplers 20 as appropriate, depending on the conditions of the slope's geological layers, etc.
[0038] (nut) The nut 3 according to this embodiment is a general commercially available cast iron nut. As shown in Figure 2, a protective cap 30 with an inverted U-shaped (bell-shaped) cross-section is fitted around the nut 3 to prevent contact with the sharp ends of the nut 3 and the lock bolt 2.
[0039] (Bearing plate) The bearing plate 4 according to this embodiment is made of steel and has the function of bearing the ground and preventing the collapse of the slope G1. The bearing plate 4 comprises a hexagonal plate-shaped bearing plate body 40 with a triangular top that is missing, and three reinforcing ribs 41 that are perpendicular to the bearing plate body 40 and extend radially from the center. In addition, elongated holes 42 are drilled in the bearing plate body 40 to reduce weight.
[0040] (Bracket material) The bracket material 5 is a U-shaped member made of steel or the like that functions as a spacer to maintain the distance between the net 6 (described later) and the slope G1. The bracket material 5 in this embodiment has a height of 22 cm.
[0041] As shown in Figures 3 to 5, 7 and 8, in the slope stabilization structure 1, the bracket material 5 is fixed by sandwiching the end of the net 6 between the fixing plate 50, which is made of a strip of steel plate, and the bracket material 5, and then tightening it with an M12 fastening bolt 51.
[0042] On the other hand, as shown in Figures 6 and 9, at the midpoint of the tensioned area of the net 6, as shown in section D of Figure 1 of the slope stabilization structure 1, the bracket material 5 does not have a fixing plate 50 attached to it, but instead acts as a spacer to prevent the net 6 from sagging and sliding downwards.
[0043] Furthermore, this bracket material 5 can also serve as a washer for the nut 3. This eliminates the need for a washer when tightening the lock bolt 2 with the nut 3, thus achieving cost reduction.
[0044] (net) Net 6 is a component that prevents deer from entering the area where it is installed by making it difficult for them to walk, and as shown in Figures 1, 3 to 6, it is a diamond mesh woven from φ3.2m diameter steel wire with a mesh spacing of 75mm according to this embodiment. Of course, the mesh spacing is an example, and any mesh spacing that allows a deer's hooves to pass through and makes walking difficult is acceptable. In addition, Net 6 can take the form of other welded meshes such as hexagonal mesh or lattice-type bundled mesh, and the material is not limited to metal; it can also be made of resin, as long as the net does not sag too much when a deer tries to walk on it and is not installed on a slope.
[0045] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 7 to 9, the height at which the net 6 is stretched is determined by adding the height of the bracket material 5, which acts as a spacer, to the height of the bearing plate 4, and is maintained at a predetermined height H1 (a predetermined distance) from the slope G1. The predetermined height H1 is preferably 300 mm or more in order to make it difficult for deer to walk, as it makes it difficult for deer to pull their legs out. Considering that the shoulder height of Japanese deer is 60 cm to 110 cm for females, and taking into account that it should not be too high so that they can crawl under and eat grass, it is preferable that the height be 600 mm or less.
[0046] As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the slope stabilization structure 1 has a net 6 stretched over a predetermined width W2 from the upper and lower ends of the rock bolts 2, and over a predetermined width W3 from the left and right ends. In other words, the slope stabilization structure 1 has the net 6 stretched over the end rows of the multiple rock bolts 2 in a strip shape (square shape in the illustrated form) from the left and right ends and the upper and lower ends. By surrounding the entire circumference (all four sides in the illustrated form) of the slope stabilization structure 1 with a strip of net 6 to prevent deer from entering, it is possible to prevent deer from entering from all directions, including the upper and lower ends and the left and right ends, while minimizing the area over which the net 6 is stretched.
[0047] However, if the direction in which deer intrusion should be prevented is limited by the terrain conditions where slope G1 exists, the net 6 only needs to be stretched over a predetermined width or more from either the left / right or top / bottom end row of the rock bolts 2. This is because if the direction in which deer intrusion should be prevented is limited, this alone is sufficient to prevent deer intrusion.
[0048] As shown in Figure 1, in the slope stabilization structure 1 according to this embodiment, the net 6 is stretched from the upper and lower ends over a predetermined width W2 = D1 × 2 = 4 m, which is two spans of the spacing D1 between the rock bolts 2, and from the left and right ends over a predetermined width W3 = D2 × 2 = 3.46 m, which is two spans of the horizontal spacing D2 between the rock bolts 2.
[0049] Of course, the width of Net 6 is an example, and any width that prevents deer from jumping over is acceptable. Specifically, it is considered to be between 2.0m and 5.0m. However, considering that deer have greater jumping ability on flat surfaces, it is preferable that the width of Net 6 be 3.0m or more, and considering that deer have less jumping ability on slopes, the upper limit may be 4.0m or less.
[0050] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 10, it is preferable that the net 6 is folded downwards toward the slope G1 (ground) from one or all of the left and right ends or upper and lower ends of the rock bolt 2, and that the ends of the net 6 are fixed to the slope G1 with anchors 8 such as pegs driven into the ground. This prevents herbivores such as deer from sticking their faces into the vegetation of the end rows and eating, and prevents a decrease in the bearing pressure of the bearing plates 4 of the end rows. Figure 10 is an enlarged view showing the net 6 of the slope stabilization structure 1 folded toward the ground below, where (a) is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the net 6 in a cut state, and (b) is a partially enlarged front view (plan view) showing the vicinity of the ends of the net 6.
[0051] As described above, the slope stabilization structure 1 according to this embodiment can prevent slope collapses such as landslides, and can also prevent the formation of gaps between the bearing plate 4 and the ground of the slope G1 due to deer grazing, which would reduce the bearing pressure and hinder slope stabilization. In other words, the slope stabilization structure 1 can prevent deer from eating away the vegetation around the slope stabilization structure, which would leave the ground bare and cause soil erosion on the ground surface due to rainwater.
[0052] Furthermore, with the slope stabilization structure 1, the net 6 is stretched over a predetermined width or more that deer cannot jump over, thus reliably preventing deer from entering and preventing a decrease in support pressure due to deer grazing damage.
[0053] Furthermore, with the slope stabilization structure 1, the entire perimeter is surrounded by a net of a predetermined width that prevents deer from jumping, thus minimizing the area required for net installation while preventing deer from entering from all directions.
[0054] Furthermore, with the slope stabilization structure 1, the net 6 is installed at a height of 300mm to 600mm, allowing the net to be installed at a height where it is difficult for deer to walk, thereby more reliably preventing deer intrusion and preventing a decrease in bearing pressure due to deer grazing damage.
[0055] Furthermore, according to the slope stabilization structure 1, since the net 6 is folded downward from either the left and right ends or the upper and lower ends of the rock bolts 2, or all of the end rows, it is possible to prevent deer from sticking their faces into the vegetation at the end rows and eating it, and to prevent a decrease in the bearing pressure of the bearing plates 4 at the end rows.
[0056] Although the slope stabilization structure 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, the embodiments described above or illustrated are merely examples of specific embodiments implemented in carrying out the present invention. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited by these embodiments.
[0057] 1:Slope stabilization structure 2: Rock bolts 3: Nut 4: Bearing plate 40: Bearing plate body 41: Reinforcement Ribs 42: Long hole 5: Bracket material 50: Fixed plate 6: Internet 7: Wire rope 8: Pegs (anchors) D1: Predetermined distance D2:Horizontal spacing G1: Slope H1: Specified height W1: Overall width W2, W3: Predetermined width G2: Grout material h1: hole
Claims
1. A slope stabilization structure installed on a slope to stabilize the said slope, The system comprises a plurality of rock bolts fixed at predetermined intervals in the ground of the slope, a plurality of nuts screwed onto the rock bolts, and a bearing plate attached to the rock bolts by the nuts to support the ground and prevent the slope from collapsing. A bracket material is interposed between the bearing plate and the nut, a net is stretched over the bracket material to prevent deer from entering, and the height at which the net is stretched is maintained at a predetermined distance from the slope. A slope stabilization structure characterized by the following.
2. The net is stretched over a predetermined width or more from at least one of the end rows, either left or right or top or bottom, of the plurality of lock bolts, so that a deer cannot jump over it. The slope stabilization structure according to claim 1, characterized by the above.
3. The net is stretched in a strip shape of a predetermined width so that deer cannot jump over it, surrounding the left and right ends and upper and lower end rows of the plurality of lock bolts. The slope stabilization structure according to claim 2, characterized by the above.
4. The aforementioned predetermined width is 2.0 m or more and 5.0 m or less. A slope stabilization structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by the above.
5. The aforementioned predetermined distance shall be 300 mm or more and 600 mm or less. The slope stabilization structure according to claim 1, characterized by the above.
6. The net is stretched by bending it downwards from either the left or right end or the upper or lower end of the plurality of lock bolts. A slope stabilization structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 5, characterized by the above.
7. The bracket material also serves as the washer for the nut. A slope stabilization structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 5, characterized by the above.