Terminals, wireless communication methods, base stations and systems

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a control unit that generates a beam report that does not include non-probability measurement or prediction results regarding received power or reception quality; and a transmission unit that transmits the beam report. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, suitable overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization can be achieved.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0006] As use cases for utilizing AI models, spatial domain downlink (DL) beam prediction, temporal DL beam prediction, etc. are being considered. Such beam prediction methods may be referred to as AI-based beam prediction (beam reporting), AI-based beam management (BM), etc. Temporal DL beam prediction may be referred to as time-domain Channel State Information (CSI) prediction, for example.

[0007] However, with regard to the AI-based beam prediction described above, there has not yet been sufficient consideration as to what information a terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) should transmit to a network in relation to beam prediction. With existing beam reports, there is a risk that appropriate information may not be transmitted when model inference is performed on the UE side or data collection is performed on the network side.

[0008] As such, if sufficient consideration is not given to reports related to beam prediction, appropriate overhead reduction, highly accurate channel estimation, and highly efficient resource utilization based on beam prediction may not be achieved, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0009] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can achieve suitable overhead reduction / channel estimation / resource utilization.

[0010] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a control unit that generates a beam report that does not include non-probabilistic measurement or prediction results regarding received power or reception quality, and a transmitting unit that transmits the beam report.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to achieve favorable overhead reduction / channel estimation / resource utilization.

[0012] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a framework for managing an AI model. FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating an example of AI-based beam prediction. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a time instance / duration relationship. FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating an example of a reporting instance that does not include L1-RSRP according to a third embodiment. FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating an example of a reporting instance that does not include L1-RSRP according to the third embodiment. FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating an example of a reporting instance according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of beam prediction according to embodiment 5-1. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of RRC parameters according to option 5-2-1. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of RRC parameters according to option 6-1-1. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0013] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Wireless Communications) With regard to future wireless communications technologies, the use of AI technology such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0014] For example, it is being considered that terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)) / base stations (BSs) will utilize AI technology to improve Channel State Information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reduced overhead, improved accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the time / space domain), and improve position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0015] Based on the input information, the AI ​​model may output at least one information such as an estimate, a prediction, a selected action, a classification, etc. The UE / BS may input channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the AI ​​model and output highly accurate channel state information / measurements / beam selection / location, future channel state information / radio link quality, etc.

[0016] In the present disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) that has (performs) at least one of the following characteristics: - Estimation based on observed or collected information; - Selection based on observed or collected information; - Prediction based on observed or collected information.

[0017] In the present disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be used interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be used interchangeably.

[0018] In the present disclosure, an object may be, for example, an apparatus, device, etc., such as a UE or a BS. Also, in the present disclosure, an object may correspond to a program / model / entity that operates in the apparatus.

[0019] Also, in the present disclosure, an AI model may be interpreted as an object that has (performs) at least one of the following characteristics: - Generates an estimate by feeding information; - Predicts an estimate by feeding information; - Discovers features by feeding information; - Selects an action by feeding information.

[0020] Additionally, in this disclosure, an AI model may refer to a data-driven algorithm that applies AI techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0021] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms AI model, model, ML model, predictive analytics, predictive analysis model, tool, autoencoder, encoder, decoder, neural network model, AI algorithm, scheme, etc. may be interchangeable. The AI ​​model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machine, random forest, neural network, deep learning, etc.

[0022] In this disclosure, the term "autoencoder" may be interchangeably referred to as any autoencoder, such as a stacked autoencoder, a convolutional autoencoder, etc. The encoder / decoder of this disclosure may employ a model such as a Residual Network (ResNet), a DenseNet, or a RefineNet.

[0023] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the terms encoder, encoding, encode / encoded, modification / alteration / control by an encoder, compressing, compress / compressed, generating, generate / generated, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0024] In addition, in the present disclosure, decoder, decoding, decode / decoded, modification / alteration / control by decoder, decompressing, decompress / decompressed, reconstructing, reconstruct / reconstructed, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0025] In the present disclosure, a layer (of an AI model) may be interchangeably read as a layer (such as an input layer or an intermediate layer) used in the AI ​​model. The layer in the present disclosure may correspond to at least one of an input layer, an intermediate layer, an output layer, a batch normalization layer, a convolutional layer, an activation layer, a dense layer, a normalization layer, a pooling layer, an attention layer, a dropout layer, a fully connected layer, etc.

[0026] In this disclosure, methods for training an AI model may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, federated learning, etc. Supervised learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs and corresponding labels. Unsupervised learning may refer to the process of training a model without labeled data. Reinforcement learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs (i.e., states) and feedback signals (i.e., rewards) resulting from the model's outputs (i.e., actions) in an environment with which the model interacts.

[0027] In the present disclosure, terms such as generate, calculate, derive, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as implement, operate, operate, execute, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as train, learn, update, retrain, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as infer, after-training, live use, actual use, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, signal may be interchangeable with signal / channel.

[0028] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a framework for managing an AI model. In this example, each stage related to an AI model is shown as a block. This example is also referred to as lifecycle management of an AI model.

[0029] The data collection stage corresponds to a stage of collecting data for generating / updating an AI model. The data collection stage may include data organization (e.g., determining which data to transfer for model training / model inference), data transfer (e.g., transferring data to an entity (e.g., UE, gNB) that performs model training / model inference), etc.

[0030] Note that data collection may refer to a process in which data is collected by a network node, a management entity, or a UE for the purpose of AI model training / data analysis / inference. In this disclosure, the terms "process" and "procedure" may be interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, collection may refer to obtaining a data set (e.g., usable as input / output) for AI model training / inference based on measurements (e.g., channel measurements, beam measurements, radio link quality measurements, position estimation, etc.).

[0031] In the present disclosure, offline field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for offline training of an AI model. Also, in the present disclosure, online field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for online training of an AI model.

[0032] In the model training stage, model training is performed based on the data (training data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model training / validation, model testing (e.g., verifying whether the trained model meets a performance threshold), model exchange (e.g., transferring the model for distributed learning), and model deployment / update (deploying / updating the model to the entity that will perform model inference).

[0033] It should be noted that AI model training may refer to a process for training an AI model in a data-driven manner and obtaining a trained AI model for inference.

[0034] AI model validation may also refer to a sub-process of training that evaluates the quality of an AI model using a dataset different from the dataset used to train the model, which helps select model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used to train the model.

[0035] AI model testing may also refer to a sub-process of training for evaluating the performance of the final AI model using a dataset different from that used for model training / validation. Note that, unlike validation, testing does not necessarily require subsequent model tuning.

[0036] In the model inference stage, model inference is performed based on the data (inference data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model inference, model monitoring (e.g., monitoring the performance of model inference), model performance feedback (feeding back model performance to the entity training the model), and output (providing model output to the actor).

[0037] Additionally, AI model inference may refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

[0038] Also, a UE side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the UE, and a network side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the network (e.g., gNB).

[0039] Also, a one-sided model may refer to a UE-side model or a network-side model. A two-sided model may refer to a pair of AI models in which joint inference is performed. Here, joint inference may include AI inference in which the inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, e.g., a first part of the inference may be performed first by the UE and the remaining part by the gNB (or vice versa).

[0040] In addition, AI model monitoring may refer to a process for monitoring the inference performance of an AI model, and may be interchangeably read as model performance monitoring, performance monitoring, etc.

[0041] Note that model registration may refer to assigning a version identifier to a model and making the model executable (registering) the model by compiling it into the specific hardware used in the inference stage. Also, model deployment may refer to distributing (or activating in) a runtime image (or an image of an execution environment) of a fully developed and tested model to (or enabling in) a target (e.g., UE / gNB) where inference will be performed.

[0042] An actor stage may include action triggers (e.g., deciding whether to trigger an action on another entity), feedback (e.g., feeding back information needed for training data / inference data / performance feedback), etc.

[0043] For example, training of a model for mobility optimization may be performed in, for example, Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM) / gNodeB (gNB) in a network (NW). In the former case, interoperability, large-capacity storage, operator manageability, and model flexibility (feature engineering, etc.) are advantageous. In the latter case, the latency of model updates and the need for data exchange for model deployment are advantageous. Inference of the above model may be performed in, for example, a gNB.

[0044] The entity that performs training / inference may vary depending on the use case (i.e., the function of the AI ​​model), which may include beam management, beam prediction, autoencoder (or information compression), CSI feedback, positioning, etc.

[0045] For example, for AI-assisted beam management based on measurement reports, the OAM / gNB may perform model training and the gNB may perform model inference.

[0046] For AI-assisted UE-assisted positioning, a Location Management Function (LMF) may perform model training and the LMF may perform model inference.

[0047] For CSI feedback / channel estimation using an autoencoder, the OAM / gNB / UE may perform model training and the gNB / UE may perform model inference (jointly).

[0048] For AI-assisted beam management or AI-assisted UE-based positioning based on beam measurements, the OAM / gNB / UE may perform model training and the UE may perform model inference.

[0049] Note that model activation may mean activating an AI model for a specific function, model deactivation may mean disabling an AI model for a specific function, and model switching may mean deactivating a currently active AI model for a specific function and activating a different AI model.

[0050] Model transfer may also refer to distributing an AI model over the air interface. This distribution may include distributing parameters of a model structure already known at the receiving end, or a new model with parameters, or both. This distribution may include a complete model or a partial model. Model download may refer to transferring a model from the network to the UE. Model upload may refer to transferring a model from the UE to the network.

[0051] (AI-Based Beam Prediction) As a use case of utilizing an AI model, spatial domain downlink (DL) beam prediction or temporal DL beam prediction using a one-sided AI model in a UE or a NW is being considered. Such a beam prediction method may be called AI-based beam prediction (beam reporting), AI-based beam management (BM), etc.

[0052] 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating an example of AI-based beam prediction. Fig. 2A shows spatial domain DL beam prediction. The UE may measure a spatially sparse (or thick) beam, input the measurement results, etc., to an AI model, and output a predicted beam quality result for a spatially dense (or thin) beam.

[0053] 2B shows temporal DL beam prediction. The UE may measure a time series of beams, input the measurement results into an AI model, and output a prediction result of the beam quality of a future beam.

[0054] Note that the spatial domain DL beam prediction may be referred to as BM case 1, and the temporal DL beam prediction may be referred to as BM case 2. Furthermore, the temporal DL beam prediction may be referred to as, for example, time domain CSI prediction.

[0055] Furthermore, the beams associated with the output (prediction result) of the AI ​​model may be referred to as beam set A. The beams associated with the input of the AI ​​model may be referred to as beam set B.

[0056] In this disclosure, set A may correspond to a beam selected from predicted beams. The resources for set A may be referred to as resources for beam prediction, resources for beam reporting, resources included in a CSI report, set A, resources of set A, second (or first) set, second (or first) resources, etc.

[0057] In this disclosure, set B may correspond to a beam whose measurement results are used as input (to the AI ​​model / function for prediction). Resources for set B may be referred to as resources for beam measurements, resources for beam prediction input, set B, resources of set B, first (or second) set, resources of first (or second) set, etc.

[0058] Candidates for input to the AI ​​model for BM Case 1 / 2 include L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), assistance information (e.g., beam shape information, UE position / direction information, transmit beam usage information), channel impulse response (CIR) information, and corresponding DL transmit / receive beam IDs.

[0059] Possible outputs of the AI ​​model for BM Case 1 include the IDs of the top K (K is an integer) transmit / receive beams, the predicted L1-RSRP of these beams, the probability that each beam will be in the top K, and the angles of these beams.

[0060] In addition to the candidate outputs of the AI ​​model in BM Case 1, the candidate outputs of the AI ​​model in BM Case 2 include predicted beam obstructions.

[0061] (Channel State Information (CSI) Measurement / Reporting) This section describes CSI measurement / reporting in existing NR standards (e.g., Rel. 15-17 NR). The UE generates (also referred to as determining, calculating, estimating, measuring, etc.) CSI based on a reference signal (RS) (or a resource for the RS), and transmits (also referred to as reporting, feedback, etc.) the generated CSI to a network (e.g., a base station). The CSI may be transmitted to the base station, for example, using an uplink control channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)) or an uplink shared channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)).

[0062] In the present disclosure, the CSI may be a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), a SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), a Layer Indicator (LI), a Rank Indicator (RI), L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), L1-RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), information on a channel matrix (or channel coefficient), information on a precoding matrix (or precoding coefficient), a Beam / Transmission Configuration Indication (BCI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), a SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), a Layer Indicator (LI), a Rank Indicator (RI), a Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP), a Reference Signal Received Quality (L1-RSRQ), a Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (L1-SINR), a Signal to Noise Ratio (L1-SNR), information on a channel matrix (or channel coefficient), information on a precoding matrix (or precoding coefficient), a Beam / Transmission Configuration Indication (BCI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a Beam / Transmission Configuration Indicator (BCI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI ... Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a Precoding Matrix In The information may include at least one of information regarding the TCI state / spatial relation.

[0063] The RS used to generate the CSI may be, for example, at least one of a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block, a Synchronization Signal (SS), a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), etc.

[0064] In the present disclosure, RS, CSI-RS, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS, zero power (ZP) CSI-RS, CSI interference measurement (CSI-IM), CSI-SSB, and SSB may be interchangeable. Furthermore, CSI-RS may include other reference signals.

[0065] The UE may receive configuration information regarding CSI reporting (which may be referred to as a CSI report configuration, report setting, etc.) and control the CSI reporting based on the configuration information. The report configuration information may be, for example, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) information element (IE) "CSI-ReportConfig."

[0066] The CSI reporting configuration may include at least one of the following information: - Information about the CSI resources used for CSI measurements (resource configuration ID, e.g., "CSI-ResourceConfigId"), - Information about one or more quantities (CSI parameters) of CSI to report (report quantity information, e.g., "reportQuantity"), - Report type information indicating the time domain behavior of the reporting configuration (e.g., "reportConfigType").

[0067] In the present disclosure, a CSI resource may be interchangeably referred to as a time instance, a CSI-RS opportunity / CSI-IM opportunity / SSB opportunity, a CSI-RS resource opportunity / opportunities, a CSI opportunity, an opportunity, a CSI-RS resource / CSI-IM resource / SSB resource, a time resource, a frequency resource, an antenna port (e.g., a CSI-RS port), etc. The time unit of a CSI resource may be a slot, a symbol, etc.

[0068] The information about the CSI resource may include information about the CSI resource for channel measurement, information about the CSI resource for interference measurement (NZP-CSI-RS resource), information about the CSI-IM resource for interference measurement, and the like.

[0069] The reporting quantity information may specify any one or a combination of the above CSI parameters (eg, CRI, RI, PMI, CQI, LI, L1-RSRP, etc.).

[0070] The report type information may indicate a periodic CSI (P-CSI) report, an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) report, or a semi-persistent CSI (SP-CSI) report.

[0071] The UE performs CSI-RS / SSB / CSI-IM measurements based on the CSI resource configuration corresponding to the CSI reporting configuration (the CSI resource configuration associated with the CSI-ResourceConfigId), and derives the CSI to report based on the measurement results.

[0072] The CSI resource configuration (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig information element) may include a csi-RS-ResourceSetList field indicating more specific CSI-RS / SSB resources, resource type information (e.g., "resourceType") indicating the time domain behavior of the resource configuration, etc.

[0073] The resource type information may indicate a P-CSI resource, an A-CSI resource, or an SP-CSI resource.

[0074] <Timing of CSI Resources> The timing of P / SP-CSI resources (e.g., transmission / reception timing) may be determined by periodicity and offset information (CSI-ResourcePeriodicityAndOffset) included in the CSI resource configuration. The P / SP-CSI resources may be transmitted in slots corresponding to positions that are multiples of the periodicity, taking the offset into account.

[0075] The timing of the A-CSI resource may be determined based on a configured offset (aperiodicTriggeringOffset). The offset may correspond to the time difference from a triggering DCI (e.g., a DCI including a CSI request field indicating a specific triggering state) that triggers the A-CSI resource / A-CSI report to the A-CSI resource. If not configured, the value of the offset may be 0.

[0076] <Timing of CSI Reporting> The timing of reporting P / SP-CSI (on PUCCH) may be determined by periodicity and offset information (CSI-ReportPeriodicityAndOffset) included in the CSI reporting configuration. The P / SP-CSI report (on PUCCH) may be transmitted in a slot corresponding to a position that is a multiple of the periodicity, taking the offset into consideration.

[0077] The timing of the SP-CSI report (on PUSCH) may be determined based on slot period information (reportSlotConfig) and slot offset information (reportSlotOffsetList) included in the CSI reporting configuration. The SP-CSI report (on PUSCH) may be transmitted in a slot that is a multiple of the slot period after the slot offset based on the reception of the triggering DCI that triggers the SP-CSI report. Note that the slot offset may be determined based on the slot offset information and a field of the triggering DCI (e.g., a CSI request field).

[0078] Note that the SP-CSI measurement / reporting (on PUCCH) may be enabled / disabled after a certain time has elapsed since the reception of the SP-CSI reporting configuration activation / deactivation MAC CE. Furthermore, the SP-CSI measurement / reporting (on PUSCH) may be performed based on a trigger state (e.g., a trigger state included in a SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList information element) activated by a CSI request field included in a DCI format (e.g., DCI format 0_1 / 0_2) to which a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) scrambled by an SP-CSI-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) is added.

[0079] The timing of the A-CSI report may be determined based on slot offset information (reportSlotOffsetList) included in the CSI reporting configuration. The A-CSI report may be transmitted in a slot after a slot offset based on reception of a triggering DCI that triggers the A-CSI report. Note that the slot offset may be determined based on the slot offset information and a field of the triggering DCI (e.g., a CSI request field).

[0080] In addition, when more than one A-CSI report is specified by the triggering DCI, the timing of the A-CSI report may be determined based on information of multiple slot offsets for the more than one A-CSI report and the time domain resource allocation field of the triggering DCI.

[0081] <CSI Reference Resource> In the existing NR standard, when a higher layer parameter related to the time constraint of measurement (e.g., timeRestrictionForChannelMeasurements related to the time constraint for channel measurement, timeRestrictionForInterferenceMeasurements for interference measurement, etc.) is configured (which may mean that the value of the parameter indicates "configured"), it is specified that the channel measurement for calculating the CSI to be reported is derived based on the most recent NZP CSI-RS occasion related to the CSI reporting configuration that is not later than the CSI reference resource. Note that the channel measurement in the present disclosure may be interchangeable with the interference measurement.

[0082] Furthermore, in the existing NR standard, when a higher layer parameter related to the time constraint of the measurement is not configured (which may mean that the value of the parameter indicates "notConfigured"), it is specified that the channel measurement for calculating the CSI to be reported is derived based on an NZP CSI-RS occasion associated with the CSI reporting configuration that is not later than the CSI reference resource. In this case, the reported CSI may be derived based on one or more NZP CSI-RS occasions.

[0083] For a serving cell, the CSI reference resource for CSI reporting in UL slot n′ is a single DL slot n−n in the time domain. ＣＳＩ_ｒｅｆ n corresponds to the DL slot that corresponds to (overlaps with) UL slot n'.

[0084] In case of P / SP-CSI reporting, n ＣＳＩ_ｒｅｆ is the minimum value (4.2 if a single CSI-RS / SSB resource is configured) such that the single DL slot corresponds to an effective DL slot. μＤＬ The minimum value above, or 5.2 if multiple CSI-RS / SSB resources are configured μＤＬ (The minimum value above.) Note that μ ＤＬ corresponds to the subcarrier spacing setting for DL ​​(e.g., μＤＬ = 0, 1, 2, 3).

[0085] For A-CSI reporting, if the UE is specified by the triggering DCI to report CSI in the same slot as the CSI request, then n ＣＳＩ_ｒｅｆ may be determined such that the CSI reference resource is in the same valid DL slot as the corresponding CSI request, otherwise, n ＣＳＩ_ｒｅｆ may be the smallest value greater than or equal to a particular value corresponding to a delay requirement such that the single DL slot corresponds to a valid DL slot.

[0086] However, with regard to the AI-based beam prediction described above, there has been insufficient research into what information the UE should transmit to the network in relation to the beam prediction. With existing beam reports (reports of L1-RSRP / SINR, etc.), there is a risk that appropriate information may not be transmitted when model inference is performed on the UE side or data collection is performed on the network side.

[0087] As such, if sufficient consideration is not given to reports related to beam prediction, appropriate overhead reduction, highly accurate channel estimation, and highly efficient resource utilization based on beam prediction may not be achieved, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0088] Therefore, the present inventors have devised a report content / setting related to a preferred beam prediction. Note that each embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied when AI is not used (for example, when prediction is performed using a function).

[0089] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0090] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0091] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0092] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0093] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages, etc., or a combination thereof.

[0094] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0095] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0096] In the present disclosure, the terms index, identifier (ID), indicator, resource ID, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0097] In the present disclosure, the terms panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmitting entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relation, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CORESET), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), antenna port (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port), antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relation group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) group, PUCCH resource group), resource (e.g., reference signal resource, SRS resource), resource set (e.g., reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, Quasi-Co-Location (QCL), QCL assumption, etc. may be read as interchangeable.

[0098] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0099] In the present disclosure, channel measurement / estimation may be performed using at least one of, for example, a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Synchronization Signal (SS), a Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block, a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and the like.

[0100] In the present disclosure, the terms channel state, channel status, channel, channel environment, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0101] In the present disclosure, UCI, CSI report, CSI feedback, feedback information, feedback bit, CSI feedback method, CSI feedback scheme, beam report, beam reporting scheme, etc. may be interchangeable. Also, in the present disclosure, bit, bit string, bit sequence, sequence, value, information, value obtained from bits, information obtained from bits, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0102] In the present disclosure, the CSI-RS resource set, the configuration parameters of the CSI-RS resource set, the NZP CSI-RS resource set, the configuration parameters of the NZP CSI-RS resource set (NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet), the configuration parameters of the resource set of the SSB for CSI measurement (CSI-SSB-ResourceSet), and the configuration parameters of the resource set of the CSI-IM (CSI-IM-ResourceSet) may be read as interchangeable.

[0103] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the terms CSI-RS resource, CSI-RS resource configuration parameter, NZP CSI-RS resource, NZP CSI-RS resource configuration parameter (NZP-CSI-RS-Resource), CSI resource, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0104] In the present disclosure, a resource may refer to a reference signal resource, and may be interchangeably read as a recommended / predicted / measured resource. A resource may refer to a resource in the time / frequency / code / spatial domain, etc. In the present disclosure, a resource may be identified by at least one of a resource indicator, a capability index, a beam ID, etc.

[0105] In this disclosure, the term "beam" may be interchangeably referred to as "recommended / predicted / measured beam." In this disclosure, the terms "beam" and "resource" may be interchangeably referred to.

[0106] In the present disclosure, L1-RSRP may be interchangeably referred to as L1-RSRP / SINR, Layer-X (LX (e.g., X = 1, 2, 3, ...)-RSRP / SINR, RSRP / SINR, predicted / measured L1-RSRP / SINR, predicted / measured value (predicted value / measured value), non-probability value related to predicted / measured received power or reception quality (non-probability measurement / prediction result), etc. Also, in the present disclosure, L1-RSRP, a top-X probability described below, a top-X' / 1 probability described below, etc. may be interchangeably referred to as input candidates (e.g., CIR) for the AI ​​model of the above-mentioned BM case 1 / 2.

[0107] (Wireless Communication Method) First Embodiment The first embodiment relates to information for beam prediction (or related to beam prediction), which will hereinafter also be referred to as beam information.

[0108] The UE may transmit beam information to the network. The beam information may include at least one of the pieces of information described below. The information to be included in the beam information may be notified to the UE by the network, may be specified in a standard, or may be derived from a model used for beam prediction (associated model). Furthermore, the beam information may be derived from at least one of information notified to the UE from the network without being reported by the UE, a value specified in a standard, a model used for beam prediction (associated model), etc.

[0109] The beam information may include information indicating a resource. The information indicating the resource may be called a resource indicator, a channel resource indicator, or the like, and may be, for example, at least one of an SSBRI, a CRI, an SRS resource indicator, or the like. The resource indicator may be associated with a time instance / duration (described below) (e.g., may be identified by the time instance / duration). In the present disclosure, CRI / SSBRI may be interchangeably read as a resource indicator.

[0110] The beam information may include information indicating the number of resource indicators. The information may indicate the number of resource indicators included in one beam information (which may be referred to as a reporting instance, etc.). Note that in the present disclosure, a reporting instance may be read interchangeably as a beam report, a CSI report, a report, etc.

[0111] The beam information may include information indicating a capability index for measurement / prediction. The capability index may indicate a panel for a corresponding resource indicator, and may be interchangeably referred to as a panel index, a UE capability value, a UE capability value set, etc. In the present disclosure, a resource indicator may be interchangeably referred to as a resource indicator / capability index.

[0112] The beam information may include information indicating a beam ID. The beam ID may be associated with a beam. The beam ID may be associated with a specific reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB, SRS, Positioning Reference Signal (PRS)). The beam ID may be associated with a time instance / duration, as described below.

[0113] The beam information may include information indicating L1-RSRP, which may correspond to (be measured / predicted based on) a resource, and which may be associated with a time instance / duration, as described below.

[0114] The beam information may include information indicating a top-X probability. The top-X probability of a resource among one or more resources may refer to a probability / confidence / confidence interval that the RSRP or SINR corresponding to the resource is equal to or greater than the Xth largest RSRP or SINR among the RSRPs or SINRs corresponding to the one or more resources. This confidence interval may be an arbitrary percentage (e.g., 95%).

[0115] The beam information may include information indicating a top-X' / 1 probability. The top-X' / 1 probability for one or more resources may refer to the probability / confidence / confidence interval that at least one of the RSRPs corresponding to X' resources is the maximum among the RSRPs or SINRs corresponding to the one or more resources. This confidence interval may be a confidence interval of any percentage (e.g., 95%). Note that, when different top-X' / 1 probabilities are obtained for the same value of X' depending on how the resources are selected, one of these values ​​(e.g., the maximum value) may be determined as the top-X' / 1 probability.

[0116] The information indicating the L1-RSRP, the top X probability, or the top X' / 1 probability may include information (difference information) indicating the difference from another L1-RSRP, the top X probability, or the top X' / 1 probability.

[0117] The information indicating the L1-RSRP, the top X probability, the top X' / 1 probability, or the difference information therefor may be quantized information (quantization information). The quantization information may correspond to information in which the L1-RSRP, the top X probability, the top X' / 1 probability, or the difference therefor is represented by a specific number of bits divided into a specific representable range by a specific quantization resolution (for example, dB step size) (the value indicated by the bit corresponds to any step (division)).

[0118] It is preferable that the quantized information of the difference information be expressed with fewer bits than the quantized information of non-difference information (e.g., the quantized resolution is lower or the expressible range is narrower than the quantized information of non-difference information), but it may be expressed with the same or more bits.

[0119] The information regarding the above X, X', specific range, specific quantization resolution, specific number, etc. may be notified to the UE by the network, may be specified in the standard, may be derived from the model used for beam prediction (associated model), or may be determined based on other information within the same reporting instance.

[0120] The beam information may include information indicating a time instance (time instance information). In the present disclosure, the time instance may mean a time to be measured / predicted (in other words, a time to be measured / predicted). Note that the time instance may be interchangeably read as a timestamp.

[0121] The time instance information may indicate at least one of a symbol index, symbol number, slot index (within a subframe / frame), slot number, system frame number, reference signal (resource) opportunity, etc., indicating the time instance associated with the resource indicator / beam ID.

[0122] The time instance may be expressed as a timing Y time units (e.g., symbols, slots, milliseconds, subframes, frames, etc.) before (past) or after (future) a specific timing. The specific timing may be, for example, the start / end timing of a CSI reference resource, the timing at which beam information including the time instance is reported, or the RS occasion used for measurement.

[0123] The information regarding the above specific timing, Y, etc. may be notified to the UE by the network, may be specified in the standard, may be derived from the model used for beam prediction (associated model), or may be determined based on other information within the same reporting instance.

[0124] The beam information may include information indicating the number of time instances, which may indicate the number of time instance information included in the reporting instance.

[0125] The beam information may include information indicating a duration (duration information). In the present disclosure, duration may refer to the length of time to be measured / predicted. The duration information may indicate the number of time units (e.g., symbols, slots, milliseconds, subframes, frames, reference signal occasions, etc.) indicating the length of time associated with the resource indicator / beam ID. The duration may be a duration based on a specific timing (e.g., a specific timing). For example, the duration may be the start / end timing of the CSI reference resource, the timing when the beam information including the time instance is reported, the RS occasion used for the measurement, or the time since the end of a specific duration (e.g., a previous duration), and may be indicated by the above-mentioned time instance information.

[0126] The beam information may include information indicating the number of durations, which may indicate the number of duration information included in the reporting instance.

[0127] The time instance / duration may be associated with an L1-RSRP, a top X probability, or a top X' / 1 probability.

[0128] The beam information may include at least one of beam information for set A and beam information for set B.

[0129] For example, for NW-side data collection, the UE preferably reports beam information for set B including beam measurement results (e.g., L1-RSRP) of set B. Also, for NW-side data collection, the UE preferably reports beam information for set A including beam measurement results (e.g., L1-RSRP) of set A, or information (e.g., resource indicator) indicating the top K (K≧1) beams of set A without beam measurement results.

[0130] For network-side model monitoring, it is preferable that the UE reports beam information for set A including beam measurement results (e.g., L1-RSRP) of set A, or information indicating the top K (K≧1) beams of set A (e.g., resource indicators) without beam measurement results.

[0131] When model inference is performed at the UE side, the UE preferably reports beam information for set A including beam prediction results (e.g., L1-RSRP) of set A or information (e.g., resource indicators) indicating the top K (K≧1) predicted beams of set A. The beam information for set A may also include a timestamp of the predicted time.

[0132] When model inference is performed on the network side, the UE preferably reports beam information for set B including beam measurement results (such as L1-RSRP) of set B. The beam information for set B may also include a timestamp of the measurement time.

[0133] According to the first embodiment described above, the UE can report beam information including appropriate information.

[0134] Second Embodiment The second embodiment relates to information reported in association with a time instance / duration.

[0135] As mentioned in the first embodiment, some of the reported beam information may be associated with a time instance / duration.

[0136] For example, the UE may report a value (eg, L1-RSRP) at a certain time instance (eg, a certain slot / symbol, a certain reference signal occasion).

[0137] Also, for example, the UE may report a resource indicator / beam ID associated with a certain duration.

[0138] Figure 3 shows an example of a time instance / duration relationship. In this example, a UE reports a recommended resource indicator to the network. The recommended resource indicator may be used to recommend to a base station the transmission of a signal having a QCL relationship with the reference signal indicated by the recommended resource indicator. In this example, durations #0-#2 correspond to CRIs #0-#2, respectively.

[0139] A duration may be determined from one or more time instances. For example, duration #0 may correspond to a period from a specific timing (e.g., start / end timing of a CSI reference resource, a reporting slot for reporting beam information, an RS occasion used for measurement, etc.) to the first time instance (time instance #1). Duration #i (i≧1) may correspond to a period from the i-th time instance (e.g., time instance #1) to the i+1-th time instance (e.g., time instance #2). Note that duration #i (i≧1) may correspond to a period after the i-th time instance (e.g., time instance #1) (e.g., when there is no i+1-th time instance).

[0140] The duration may be determined from a set / defined duration. For example, if 5 ms is set / defined as duration #0, the UE may determine that the period of 5 ms from the specific timing corresponds to duration #0.

[0141] According to the second embodiment described above, it is possible to appropriately grasp (identify) the time instance / duration related to the measurement / prediction.

[0142] <Third embodiment> The third embodiment relates to reporting beam information without L1-RSRP.

[0143] The UE may transmit a reporting instance without including the associated L1-RSRP, but including resource indicators corresponding to the 1st to Zth largest L1-RSRPs corresponding to one or more resources.

[0144] The information regarding the one or more resources, Z, etc. may be signaled to the UE by the network, may be specified in the standard, may be derived from the model used for beam prediction (associated model), or may be determined based on other information within the same reporting instance.

[0145] The one or more resources may be resources for set A or resources for set B. The reporting instance of the third embodiment may be primarily for set A.

[0146] 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating an example of a reporting instance that does not include L1-RSRP according to the third embodiment. The reporting instance in this example is a CSI report (CSI report #X). Note that the order of fields included in a reporting instance of the present disclosure is not limited to the order shown in the drawings (the same applies to the subsequent drawings).

[0147] 4A and 4B do not include an L1-RSRP field, but include a CRI / SSBRI field, which is a resource indicator field. Note that the first CRI / SSBRI field (CRI / SSBRI#1 field) may or may not correspond to the largest L1-RSRP. In this example, up to Z=4 can be supported (up to four CRI / SSBRI fields can be included in the CSI report), but the number of resource indicator fields included in the CSI report is not limited to this.

[0148] A reporting instance that does not include L1-RSRP may include a field indicating a capability index for measurement / prediction. In Figure 4A, an associated capability index field is reported for each CRI / SSBRI field in one reporting instance. In Figure 4B, one capability index field is reported that is associated with all CRI / SSBRI fields in one reporting instance.

[0149] 4A and 4B, a reporting instance that does not include L1-RSRP is expected to reduce communication overhead. For example, the reporting instance is suitable for reporting beam information of set B for data collection. Also, the reporting instance is suitable for reporting beam information of set A for model inference at the UE side.

[0150] A reporting instance that does not include an L1-RSRP may include a field indicating the top X probabilities or the top X' / 1 probabilities as described in the first embodiment. A UE may transmit one reporting instance without including an associated L1-RSRP, but including resource indicators corresponding to the first to Zth largest L1-RSRPs or the top X probabilities corresponding to one or more resources. In this case, the UE may assume (expect) that X' and Z have the same value.

[0151] 5A and 5B are diagrams showing an example of a report instance not including an L1-RSRP in the third embodiment. The report instance in this example is similar to that in Fig. 4B, except that Fig. 5A includes a Top X Probability #i field corresponding to each CRI / SSBRI #i field (i is an integer), and Fig. 5B includes a Top 4 / 1 Probability field.

[0152] In this example, the first CRI / SSBRI field (CRI / SSBRI#1 field) may correspond to the largest L1-RSRP or the largest top X probability. In other words, the Top X Probability#1 field may indicate the largest top X probability to be reported.

[0153] 5A, if the Top X Probability #1 field indicates the maximum reported top X probability, the other Top X Probability #2-#4 fields may indicate the differential top X probabilities from the maximum top X probability. For example, if the Top X Probability #1 field indicates 0.9 and the Differential Top X Probability #2 field indicates 0.1, this may mean that Top X Probability #2 = 0.9 - 0.1 = 0.8.

[0154] If the top X probability field corresponding to each CRI / SSBRI field is not a differential top X probability field, the Top X Probability #1 field does not need to indicate the maximum top X probability, which allows for greater freedom in the placement of each field (and also reduces the UE load, since the UE does not need to obtain differential information, especially when there are a large number of fields to report).

[0155] Note that for each top X probability field included in a report instance, X may be the same value or different values ​​may be allowed. For example, a top 1 probability field, a top 2 probability field, ..., a top Z probability field, etc. may be included corresponding to the same CRI / SSBRI field. Also, the number of top X (X is any value) probability fields corresponding to the CRI / SSBRI fields included in a report instance may be different for each CRI / SSBRI field.

[0156] In FIG. 5B, the CRI / SSBRI#i field may correspond to the i-th largest L1-RSRP, or may correspond to the i-th largest top X probability, or may indicate the CRI / SSBRI associated with the top 4 / 1 probability indicated by the illustrated top 4 / 1 probability field (e.g., the CRI / SSBRI most likely to result in the largest L1-RSRP).

[0157] The illustrated top 4 / 1 probability field may be a different top X' / 1 probability field depending on the number of CRI / SSBRI fields in the reporting instance. For example, if the number of CRI / SSBRI fields in the reporting instance is 1, 2, or 3, a top 1 / 1 probability field, a top 2 / 1 probability field, or a top 3 / 1 probability field may be included instead of the top 4 / 1 probability field, respectively. The illustrated top 4 / 1 probability field may correspond to a top Z / 1 probability field (X' = Z).

[0158] Note that a reporting instance may include multiple top X' / 1 probability fields, for example, the UE may include one or more of the top i / 1 probability fields (i=1, ..., Z) in a reporting instance.

[0159] As shown in Figures 5A and 5B, by utilizing a report instance that includes a Top X Probability or Top X' / 1 Probability field, an AI model can be advantageously utilized that provides the Top X Probability or Top X' / 1 Probability as output.

[0160] According to the third embodiment described above, the UE can report a reporting instance without L1-RSRP.

[0161] As a variation of the third embodiment, a reporting instance may not include any L1-RSRP fields, but may include an L1-RSRP field corresponding to at least one resource indicator, i.e., the reporting instance may not include all L1-RSRP fields corresponding to all resource indicator fields in the reporting instance, but may include only some of the L1-RSRP fields.

[0162] <Fourth embodiment> The fourth embodiment relates to reporting of beam information in which the number of resource indicators is reduced.

[0163] The UE may transmit a single reporting instance including information indicating the L1-RSRP, the top X probability, or the top X' / 1 probability corresponding to one or more resources (e.g., for all resources among the one or more resources).

[0164] The one or more resources may be resources for set A or resources for set B. The reporting instance of the fourth embodiment may be primarily intended for set B.

[0165] For one report element (e.g., L1-RSRP, Top X Probability, or Top X' / 1 Probability), the number of fields (which may include fields indicating differential information) included in one report instance may be a specific number, which may be greater than four or less than or equal to four.

[0166] Information regarding the one or more resources, the specific number, etc. may be signaled to the UE by the network, may be specified in a standard, may be derived from a model (associated model) used for beam prediction, or may be determined based on other information within the same reporting instance.

[0167] A reporting instance of the fourth embodiment may include at least one of a resource indicator field and a capability index field corresponding to the maximum L1-RSRP, top X probability, or top X' / 1 probability indicated by the reporting instance, and may not include other resource indicator fields / capability index fields, thereby advantageously reducing communication overhead of the reporting instance.

[0168] Other resource indicators / capability indexes that are not reported may be identified based on the resource indicators / capability indexes that are reported and a mapping rule. That is, the first resource indicator / capability index corresponding to the reported L1-RSRP, top X probability, or top X' / 1 probability field corresponds to the resource that is reported (resource indicator field / capability index field), and the second and subsequent resource indicators / capability indexes may be determined based on a mapping rule from resources other than the first resource.

[0169] Furthermore, the reporting instance of the fourth embodiment may not include at least one of the resource indicator field and the capability index field, in which case the resource indicator / capability index corresponding to the reported L1-RSRP, top X probability, or top X' / 1 probability field may be determined based on a mapping rule.

[0170] 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating an example of a reporting instance in the fourth embodiment. In this example, the number of resources to be reported is four, and the RSRPs (or differential RSRPs) for all four resources are reported.

[0171] 6A shows an example of a reporting instance. The CRI / SSBRI#1 field indicates the CRI / SSBRI corresponding to the maximum RSRP#1. The capability index field may also indicate the capability index corresponding to the CRI / SSBRI indicated by the CRI / SSBRI#1 field (or all resources (CRI / SSBRI)).

[0172] Figure 6B shows a specific example of CRI / SSBRI not reported, corresponding to Figure 6A. In this example, it is assumed that the resource indicators corresponding to four resources are SSBRIs #1, #2, #3, and #6. If the CRI / SSBRI #1 field of the reporting instance in Figure 6A indicates SSBRI #2, the remaining SSBRIs may correspond to the (differential) RSRP #2-#4 fields in ascending order (i.e., SSBRIs #1, #3, and #6, respectively).

[0173] The mapping rule may be based on the resource indicator / capability index. For example, if L1-RSRP, top X probability, or top X' / 1 probability is measured / predicted based on one or both of the resource indicator and the capability index, the mapping rule may include the following: mapping is performed in order from the smallest index; in the mapping order, CRI is prioritized over SSBRI, or SSBRI is prioritized over CRI, or CRI and SSBRI are not distinguished; mapping is performed in order from smallest cell ID (e.g., physical cell ID). Within the same cell ID, the mapping order is determined according to CRI / SSBRI; mapping is performed in order from smallest capability index to largest; within the same capability index, the mapping order is determined according to CRI / SSBRI, or within the same CRI / SSBRI, the mapping order is determined according to the capability index.

[0174] According to the fourth embodiment described above, it is possible to report a reporting instance including only resource indicator fields whose number is less than the reported L1-RSRP, top X probability, or top X' / 1 probability.

[0175] Note that the reporting instance of the third embodiment and the reporting instance of the fourth embodiment may be used in combination. For example, in one reporting instance, the UE may report the L1-RSRPs of all reference signals associated with one or more resources (without reporting some CRIs / SSBRIs corresponding to the L1-RSRPs), and may report the CRIs / SSBRIs that achieve the first to Xth largest RSRPs for the one or more resources or for one or more different resources. Such a reporting instance is suitable, for example, for Set B beam measurement and Set A beam indication without L1-RSRP in data collection.

[0176] Fifth Embodiment In the fifth embodiment, a beam prediction report will be described.

[0177] Embodiment 5-1 A UE may be configured with one or more resources for set B. The UE may calculate / control the input of a beam prediction model based on measurements of the resources of set B.

[0178] The UE may be configured with one or more resources for set A. The UE may perform beam prediction for the reported resources (set A) and report the prediction result using a CSI report.

[0179] Based on the beam prediction performed, the UE may report beam information including at least one of predicted CRI / SSBRI, L1-RSRP, top X probability, top X' / 1 probability, etc.

[0180] The UE may be configured with the number of RS resources (eg, N (N is any positive integer)) for Set A / Set B for each reporting setting.

[0181] 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of beam prediction according to embodiment 5-1. In the example illustrated in FIG. 7, the UE measures beams / RSs included in set B. Then, the UE performs beam prediction based on the measurements of set B. The UE reports a CSI report including N beam qualities of set A (e.g., at least one of CRI / SSBRI, L1-RSRP, top X probability, top X' / 1 probability, etc.).

[0182] <<Embodiment 5-2>> In a specific case, the UE may report beam information including at least one of predicted CRI / SSBRI, L1-RSRP, top X probability, top X' / 1 probability, and the like.

[0183] The particular case may be, for example, at least one of the following options 5-2-1 to 5-2-3.

[0184] [Option 5-2-1] The UE may report the above beam information when a specific value is set / indicated in a specific parameter.

[0185] The specific parameters may be notified to the UE by higher layer signaling (eg, RRC parameters / MAC CE).

[0186] For example, the RRC parameter may be included in a CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig). Also, for example, the RRC parameter may be included in a report quantity parameter (e.g., reportQuantity) included in the CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig).

[0187] The above-mentioned specific value may be a value indicating that any information included in the beam information, as described in the first embodiment, is to be reported.

[0188] Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of RRC parameters related to Option 5-2-1. Figure 8 is written using ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) notation. Other figures showing configuration / RRC parameters / information elements in this disclosure are also written using ASN.1 notation.

[0189] In the example shown in FIG. 8 , the report quantity parameter (reportQuantity) included in the CSI report configuration (CSI-ReportConfig) may include a parameter (predicted-cri-topX) indicating that the top X probabilities are measured / predicted based on the CSI-RS (CRI) or a parameter (predicted-ssb-Index-topX) indicating that the top X probabilities are measured / predicted based on the SSB (SSBRI).

[0190] If predicted-cri-topX is configured, the UE determines to report the top X CSI-RS-based probabilities (and not report L1-RSRP) using the reporting instance corresponding to this CSI reporting configuration. If predicted-ssb-Index-topX is configured, the UE determines to report the top X SSB-based probabilities (and not report L1-RSRP) using the reporting instance corresponding to this CSI reporting configuration.

[0191] [Option 5-2-2] The UE may report the above beam information when a specific AI model is activated.

[0192] The particular AI model may be, for example, an AI model associated with the predicted beam.

[0193] [Option 5-2-3] The UE may report the above beam information when a specific AI model is configured / registered.

[0194] The particular AI model may be, for example, an AI model associated with the predicted beam.

[0195] At least two of the above options 5-2-1 to 5-2-3 may be applied in combination.

[0196] For example, the UE may report the beam information when a specific RRC parameter (e.g., a parameter indicating that the top X probabilities are measured / predicted) is configured for the UE and the specific AI model is activated.

[0197] According to the fifth embodiment described above, it is possible to appropriately define settings / operations for measuring / predicting / reporting beams.

[0198] Sixth Embodiment In the sixth embodiment, a correspondence / mapping between measured RSs / beams and reported RSs / beams is described.

[0199] Embodiment 6-1 A UE may separately determine RS (for example, CSI-RS / SSB) resources to be measured and RS resources to be reported.

[0200] The UE may report at least one of the CRI / SSBRI, L1-RSRP, top X probability, top X' / 1 probability, etc. of an RS resource different from the RS resource being measured.

[0201] The UE may determine the resources to be measured and the resources to be reported according to at least one of 6-1-1 to 6-1-5 below.

[0202] [Option 6-1-1] The UE may make RS decisions using specific RRC parameters.

[0203] For example, the UE may make RS decisions using existing RRC parameters (defined up to Rel. 16 / 17).

[0204] The RRC parameters may be included in, for example, parameters for configuring resources for channel measurement / interference measurement, or may be RRC parameters included in a CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig).

[0205] The UE may be configured with a CSI resource configuration (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig) that includes resources for CSI (CRI / SSBRI, L1-RSRP, top X probability, top X' / 1 probability, etc.) to be reported in beam prediction.

[0206] The UE may refer to / determine resources corresponding to existing RRC parameters (e.g., at least one of parameters for resources for channel measurement (e.g., resourceForChannelMeasurement) and parameters for resources for interference measurement (e.g., csi-IM-ResourcesForInterference)) for beam prediction calculation (e.g., input for an AI model).

[0207] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of RRC parameters related to Option 6-1-1. In the example illustrated in Fig. 9, a parameter (resourcesForReporting) indicating resources for reporting is included in a CSI report configuration (CSI-ReportConfig). The parameter (resourcesForReporting) indicating resources for reporting refers to an ID (CSI-ResourceConfigId) of the CSI resource configuration.

[0208] The UE determines the resources to be reported based on the referenced CSI-ResourceConfigId.

[0209] [Option 6-1-2] The UE may make RS decisions using specific RRC parameters.

[0210] For example, the UE may determine the RS using new RRC parameters (defined in Rel. 18 / 19 and later).

[0211] The RRC parameters may be, for example, RRC parameters included in a CSI report configuration (for example, CSI-ReportConfig).

[0212] The RRC parameters may be configured for the UE using a CSI resource configuration that includes resources for channel measurements used for beam prediction.

[0213] The RRC parameters may be configured for the UE using a CSI resource configuration that includes resources for interference measurements / interference beam measurements used for beam prediction.

[0214] The RRC parameters may be configured for the UE using a CSI resource configuration that includes resources for CSI (CRI / SSBRI, L1-RSRP, top X probability, top X' / 1 probability, etc.) reported in beam prediction.

[0215] [Option 6-1-3] The UE may determine the RS (resource set of RS) using specific RRC parameters.

[0216] The parameters of the CSI resource configuration (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig) may be extended.

[0217] The UE may be configured with a resource set for the CSI (CRI / SSBRI, L1-RSRP, top X probability, top X' / 1 probability, etc.) reported after beam prediction.

[0218] A single CSI resource configuration parameter (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig) may include both information about the resource set to be reported and information about the resource set to be measured for beam prediction.

[0219] One CSI resource configuration parameter (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig) may include information on a resource set to be reported or information on a resource set to be measured for beam prediction. In this case, two or more CSI resource configuration parameters (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig) may be configured for a UE.

[0220] [Option 6-1-4] The UE may determine the RS (RS resource) using specific RRC parameters.

[0221] The parameters for the resource set may be expanded.

[0222] For example, the UE may be configured with a parameter (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet) regarding a resource set that includes the resources to be reported and the resources to be measured for beam prediction.

[0223] [Option 6-1-5] A list may be specified that includes at least one of the resources of the RS to be reported and the resources of the RS to be measured for beam prediction.

[0224] The UE may determine the resources of the RSs to be reported and / or measured based on the list.

[0225] For example, the UE may be configured with a list containing the resource IDs / resource set IDs / CSI resource configurations of the resources to be reported.

[0226] For example, the UE may be configured with a list including resource IDs / resource set IDs / CSI resource configurations of resources to be measured for beam prediction.

[0227] One list may include both information about the resources of the RS to be reported and information about the resources of the RS to be measured for beam prediction.

[0228] One list may include either information about the resources of the RS to be reported or information about the resources of the RS to be measured for beam prediction.

[0229] At least two of the above options 6-1-1 to 6-1-5 may be applied in combination.

[0230] <<Embodiment 6-2>> Under certain conditions, the UE may expect / assume that it is configured to report the CRI / SSBRI, L1-RSRP, top X probability, top X′ / 1 probability, etc. of an RS resource different from the RS resource being measured.

[0231] The particular condition may be when a particular AI model is activated.

[0232] The particular condition may be when a particular AI model related to beam prediction is activated.

[0233] The particular condition may be when a particular AI model associated with a particular type of beam prediction is activated.

[0234] The particular type of beam prediction may be, for example, a spatial domain beam prediction or a time domain beam prediction.

[0235] The particular condition may be when a particular RRC parameter (e.g., reportQuantity) is set / indicated to a particular value (e.g., a value indicating that any information contained in the beam information, as described in the first embodiment, is to be reported).

[0236] The UE may expect / assume that for each reporting setting, at least one of the RS resources for channel / interference measurements, the RS resources for reporting, the number of RS resources to be measured, and the number of RS resources to be reported is the same as the information associated with each model (activated AI model).

[0237] According to the sixth embodiment described above, the correspondence / mapping between the measured RS / beam and the reported RS / beam can be appropriately determined.

[0238] <Supplementary Information> [AI Model Information] In the present disclosure, AI model information may refer to information including at least one of the following: - Information on the input / output of the AI ​​model; - Pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the AI ​​model; - Information on parameters of the AI ​​model; - Training information for the AI ​​model; - Inference information for the AI ​​model; - Performance information regarding the AI ​​model.

[0239] Here, the input / output information of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Contents of the input / output data (e.g., RSRP, SINR, amplitude / phase information in the channel matrix (or precoding matrix), information on the angle of arrival (Angle of Arrival (AoA)), information on the angle of departure (Angle of Departure (AoD)), location information); - Auxiliary information of the data (which may be called meta-information); - Type of the input / output data (e.g., immutable value, floating-point number); - Bit width of the input / output data (e.g., 64 bits for each input value); - Quantization interval (quantization step size) of the input / output data (e.g., 1 dBm for L1-RSRP); - Range that the input / output data can take (e.g., [0, 1]).

[0240] In the present disclosure, the information on AoA may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of arrival and a zenith angle of arrival (ZoA). The information on AoD may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of departure and a zenith angle of departure (ZoD).

[0241] In the present disclosure, location information may be location information related to a UE / NW. The location information may include at least one of information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude) obtained using a positioning system (e.g., a satellite positioning system (Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.)), information about a BS neighboring (or serving) the UE (e.g., a BS / cell identifier (ID), a BS-UE distance, a direction / angle of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS), coordinates of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS) (e.g., X / Y / Z axis coordinates), etc.), a specific address of the UE (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address), etc. The location information of the UE is not limited to information based on the position of the BS, and may be information based on a specific point.

[0242] The location information may include information about its implementation (e.g., location / position / orientation of antennas, location / orientation of antenna panels, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).

[0243] The location information may include mobility information, which may include information indicating at least one of information indicating a mobility type, a moving speed of the UE, an acceleration of the UE, and a moving direction of the UE.

[0244] Here, the mobility type may correspond to at least one of a fixed location UE, a movable / moving UE, a no mobility UE, a low mobility UE, a middle mobility UE, a high mobility UE, a cell-edge UE, a not-cell-edge UE, etc.

[0245] In the present disclosure, environmental information (for data) may be information about the environment in which the data is acquired / used, and may correspond to, for example, frequency information (such as a band ID), environmental type information (information indicating at least one of indoor, outdoor, Urban Macro (UMa), Urban Micro (Umi), etc.), information indicating Line Of Site (LOS) / Non-Line Of Site (NLOS), etc.

[0246] Here, LOS may mean that the UE and the BS are in an environment where they can see each other (or there is no obstruction), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the BS are not in an environment where they can see each other (or there is an obstruction). The information indicating LOS / NLOS may indicate a soft value (e.g., the probability of LOS / NLOS) or a hard value (e.g., either LOS or NLOS).

[0247] In the present disclosure, meta-information may mean, for example, information regarding input / output information suitable for an AI model, information regarding acquired / acquirable data, etc. Specifically, meta-information may include information regarding beams of RS (e.g., CSI-RS / SRS / SSB, etc.) (e.g., the pointing angle of each beam, the 3 dB beam width, the shape of the pointed beam, the number of beams), layout information of the gNB / UE antenna, frequency information, environmental information, meta-information ID, etc. Note that meta-information may be used as input / output of the AI ​​model.

[0248] The pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Whether to apply normalization (e.g., Z-score normalization (standardization), min-max normalization); - Parameters for normalization (e.g., mean / variance for Z-score normalization, min / max for min-max normalization); - Whether to apply a specific numerical conversion method (e.g., one hot encoding, label encoding, etc.); - Selection rules for whether to use as training data.

[0249] For example, Z-score normalization (x) is performed as a preprocessing step for input information x. ｎｅｗ = (x - μ) / σ, where μ is the mean of x and σ is the standard deviation) ｎｅｗ may be input to the AI ​​model, and the output y ｏｕｔ may be subjected to post-processing to obtain the final output y.

[0250] The information on the parameters of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Information on weights in the AI ​​model (e.g., neuron coefficients (connection coefficients)); - Structure of the AI ​​model; - Type of the AI ​​model as a model component (e.g., Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, RefineNet, Transformer model, CRBlock, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)); - Function of the AI ​​model as a model component (e.g., decoder, encoder).

[0251] In addition, the weight information in the above AI model may include information on at least one of the following: - Bit width (size) of the weight information; - Quantization interval of the weight information; - Granularity of the weight information; - Range that the weight information can take; - Weight parameters in the AI ​​model; - Information on the difference from the AI ​​model before update (if updating); - Weight initialization method (e.g., zero initialization, random initialization (based on normal distribution / uniform distribution / truncated normal distribution), Xavier initialization (for sigmoid function), He initialization (for rectified linear units (ReLU))).

[0252] The structure of the AI ​​model may also include information about at least one of the following: number of layers, type of layer (e.g., convolutional layer, activation layer, dense layer, normalization layer, pooling layer, attention layer), layer information, time series specific parameters (e.g., bidirectionality, time step), parameters for training (e.g., type of function (L2 regularization, dropout function, etc.), where (e.g., after which layer) to place this function).

[0253] The layer information may include information about at least one of the following: the number of neurons in each layer, the kernel size, the stride for pooling / convolutional layers, the pooling method (MaxPooling, AveragePooling, etc.), the residual block information, the number of heads, the normalization method (Batch normalization, instance normalization, layer normalization, etc.), the activation function (Sigmoid, tanh function, ReLU, leaky ReLU information, Maxout, Softmax).

[0254] An AI model may be included as a component of another AI model, for example, an AI model that includes model component #1, ResNet, model component #2, a Transformer model, a dense layer, and a normalization layer in that order.

[0255] The training information for the AI ​​model may include information about at least one of the following: - Information for the optimization algorithm (e.g., type of optimization (Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)), AdaGrad, Adam, etc.), parameters of the optimization (learning rate, momentum information, etc.); - Information on the loss function (e.g., information on metrics of the loss function (Mean Absolute Error (MAE)), Mean Square Error (MSE), Cross Entropy Loss, NLL Loss, Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence, etc.)); - Parameters to be frozen for training (e.g., layers, weights); - Parameters to be updated (e.g., layers, weights); - Parameters to be (used as) initial parameters for training (e.g., layers, weights); - Method of training / updating the AI ​​model (e.g., (recommended) number of epochs, batch size, number of data to use for training).

[0256] The inference information for the AI ​​model may include information regarding decision tree branch pruning, parameter quantization, and functions of the AI ​​model, etc. Here, the functions of the AI ​​model may correspond to at least one of, for example, time domain beam prediction, spatial domain beam prediction, an autoencoder for CSI feedback, and an autoencoder for beam management.

[0257] An autoencoder for CSI feedback may be used as follows: - The UE inputs the CSI / channel matrix / precoding matrix into the AI ​​model of the encoder and transmits the encoded bits output as CSI feedback (CSI report); - The BS inputs the received encoded bits into the AI ​​model of the decoder to reconstruct the CSI / channel matrix / precoding matrix output.

[0258] In spatial domain beam prediction, the UE / BS may input measurement results (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) based on sparse (or thick) beams into an AI model and output dense (or thin) beam quality.

[0259] In time domain beam prediction, the UE / BS may input time series (past, present, etc.) measurement results (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) into an AI model and output future beam quality.

[0260] The performance information regarding the AI ​​model may include information regarding the expected value of a loss function defined for the AI ​​model.

[0261] The AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may include information regarding the application range (applicable range) of the AI ​​model. The application range may be indicated by a physical cell ID, a serving cell index, etc. The information regarding the application range may be included in the above-mentioned environment information.

[0262] AI model information regarding a specific AI model may be predetermined in a standard or may be notified to a UE from a network (NW). An AI model defined in a standard may be referred to as a reference AI model. AI model information regarding a reference AI model may be referred to as reference AI model information.

[0263] Note that the AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may include an index for identifying the AI ​​model (which may be referred to as, for example, an AI model index, an AI model ID, a model ID, etc.). The AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may include an AI model index in addition to / instead of the input / output information of the AI ​​model described above. The association between the AI ​​model index and the AI ​​model information (for example, input / output information of the AI ​​model) may be predetermined in a standard, or may be notified to the UE from the NW.

[0264] The AI ​​model information in the present disclosure may be associated with an AI model and may be referred to as AI model relevant information, simply relevant information, etc. The AI ​​model relevant information does not need to explicitly include information for identifying the AI ​​model. The AI ​​model relevant information may be information that includes only meta information, for example.

[0265] In the present disclosure, the model ID may be interchangeably read as an ID (model set ID) corresponding to a set of AI models. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the model ID may be interchangeably read as a meta information ID. The meta information (or the meta information ID) may be associated with information about a beam (beam setting) as described above. For example, the meta information (or the meta information ID) may be used by the UE to select an AI model taking into account which beam the BS is using, or may be used to notify the BS of which beam to use to apply the AI ​​model deployed by the UE. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the meta information ID may be interchangeably read as an ID (meta information set ID) corresponding to a set of meta information.

[0266] [Notification of Information to UE] In the above-described embodiment, notification of any information to the UE (from the NW) (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0267] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0268] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0269] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0270] [Notification of Information from UE] In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0271] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0272] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0273] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0274] [Application of Each Embodiment] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when a specific condition is met. The specific condition may be defined in a standard or may be notified to a UE / BS using higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0275] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a particular UE capability.

[0276] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting specific processing / operation / control / information for at least one of the above embodiments; - Supporting beam prediction; - Supporting reporting for beam prediction; - Supporting beam reports that do not include L1-RSRP; - Supporting reporting of beam information (at least one of top X probability, top X' / 1 probability, etc.); - The number of (supported) top X probabilities or top X' / 1 probabilities in one reporting instance; - The number of (supported) capability indices in one reporting instance.

[0277] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0278] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0279] Furthermore, at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when a UE configures / activates / triggers specific information related to the above-described embodiments (or performs the operations of the above-described embodiments) through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be information indicating enabling the use of an AI model, information indicating enabling CSI prediction, information indicating enabling reporting of specific beam information, any RRC parameter for a specific release (e.g., Rel. 18 / 19), etc.

[0280] If the UE does not support at least one of the specific UE capabilities or is not configured with the specific information, the UE may apply, for example, Rel. 15 / 16 behavior.

[0281] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplemented with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a control unit that generates a beam report that does not include non-probabilistic measurement or prediction results related to received power or received quality; and a transmission unit that transmits the beam report. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the control unit generates the beam report including a field indicating a resource and a field indicating top X probabilities for the resource, where the top X probability is a probability that the result corresponding to the resource among one or more resources is equal to or greater than the X-th largest result among the results corresponding to the one or more resources. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the control unit generates the beam report including a field indicating top X' / 1 probabilities for one or more resources, where the top X' / 1 probability is a probability that at least one of the results corresponding to X' resources is the largest among the results corresponding to the one or more resources.

[0282] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0283] 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0284] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0285] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0286] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0287] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The locations and numbers of the cells and user terminals 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0288] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0289] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0290] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0291] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0292] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0293] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0294] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0295] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0296] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0297] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0298] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0299] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0300] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0301] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0302] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0303] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0304] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0305] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0306] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0307] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0308] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0309] 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0310] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0311] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0312] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0313] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0314] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0315] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0316] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0317] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0318] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0319] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0320] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0321] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0322] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0323] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0324] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0325] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0326] The transceiver 120 may transmit setting information (e.g., CSI report setting) for generating a beam report that does not include non-probabilistic measurement or prediction results regarding received power or reception quality to the user terminal 20. The transceiver 120 may receive the beam report generated in the user terminal 20 based on the setting information.

[0327] (User Terminal) Fig. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0328] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0329] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0330] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0331] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0332] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0333] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0334] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0335] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0336] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0337] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0338] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0339] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0340] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0341] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0342] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0343] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0344] The control unit 210 may generate a beam report that does not include non-probabilistic measurement or prediction results (e.g., measured L1-RSRP / SINR, predicted L1-RSRP / SINR) regarding received power or received quality. The transceiver unit 220 may transmit the beam report.

[0345] The control unit 210 generates the beam report including a field indicating a resource (e.g., a resource indicator field) and a field indicating the top X probabilities of the resource (top X probability field), where the top X probability may be a probability that the result corresponding to the resource among one or more resources is equal to or greater than the Xth largest result among the results corresponding to the one or more resources, where X may be an integer.

[0346] The control unit 210 generates the beam report including a field (Top X' / 1 Probability field) indicating the top X' / 1 probabilities for one or more resources, where the top X' / 1 probability may be the probability that at least one of the results corresponding to X' resources is the largest among the results corresponding to the one or more resources, where X' may be an integer.

[0347] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0348] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0349] For example, a base station, a user terminal, or the like according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, and the like.

[0350] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0351] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0352] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0353] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0354] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0355] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0356] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0357] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0358] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0359] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0360] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0361] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0362] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0363] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0364] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0365] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0366] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0367] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0368] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0369] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0370] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0371] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0372] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0373] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0374] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0375] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0376] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0377] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0378] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0379] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0380] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0381] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0382] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0383] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0384] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0385] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0386] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0387] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0388] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0389] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0390] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0391] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0392] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0393] In the present disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "antenna port group," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "resource group," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0394] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0395] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0396] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0397] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0398] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0399] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0400] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0401] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0402] 14 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0403] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0404] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0405] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0406] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0407] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0408] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0409] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0410] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0411] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0412] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0413] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0414] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0415] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0416] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0417] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0418] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0419] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0420] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0421] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0422] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0423] Also, "determination" may be considered to be "deciding" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "deciding" some action.

[0424] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be read as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," or the like.

[0425] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0426] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0427] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0428] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0429] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0430] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0431] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," etc. may be interchangeable (without being limited to the positive, comparative, or superlative). Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," etc. may be interchangeable (without being limited to the positive, comparative, or superlative) with "i-th" added (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0432] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0433] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The invention according to the present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the description of the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and explanatory and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A control unit that generates a channel status information (CSI) report including a resource indicator for predictions, which corresponds to the top K reference signal received powers, but does not include the predicted reference signal received power, A terminal having a transmitting unit that transmits the CSI report.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines the value of K based on radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the resource indicator for the prediction corresponds to a predicted CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) resource indicator or a predicted Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block resource indicator.

4. A step of generating a channel status information (CSI) report that does not include predicted reference signal received power, but includes resource indicators for predictions corresponding to the top K reference signal received powers, A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the step of transmitting the CSI report.

5. A control unit that instructs a terminal to generate a channel status information (CSI) report that does not include the predicted reference signal received power, but includes resource indicators related to the prediction, corresponding to the top K reference signal received powers, A base station having a receiving unit that receives the CSI report.

6. A system having a terminal and a base station, The terminal includes a control unit that generates a channel status information (CSI) report that does not include the predicted reference signal reception power, but includes resource indicators related to the prediction corresponding to the top K reference signal reception powers, and It has a transmission unit that transmits the CSI report, The base station includes a control unit that instructs the terminal to generate the CSI report, A system comprising a receiving unit that receives the CSI report.