ACL injury reduction ftw moving studs

Abstract

A sole comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, wherein the bottom plate is arranged below the top plate in a forefoot area of the sole and wherein the interface between the top and the bottom plate comprises a clutch to rotatably couple the top plate and the bottom plate and a shoe comprises such a sole.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to German Patent Application No. 102024136480.7, filed Dec. 6, 2024, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a sole and a shoe comprising the sole.BACKGROUND

[0003] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to sports footwear design, such as cleated shoes used in impact sports like football, for example. Cleated shoes may be engineered to improve traction by securely anchoring the foot to the ground through studs on the sole. This design may enable, e.g., quick acceleration, sharp direction changes, and stable footing on turf or grass. However, it may also create a rigid connection between the foot and ground, which may increase torque forces on the knee during rapid pivots or sudden stops. This rigidity may be problematic for athletes, especially women, who have a higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries due to biomechanical factors.

[0004] One of the problems addressed by some embodiments of the present disclosure is the torque force experienced by the knee during movements in cleated sports footwear, a contributor to ACL and other knee injuries. Existing football boots may be designed to maintain strong ground traction and resist rotational forces, holding the foot firmly in place. While this traction may improve performance under normal conditions, it may lead to high torque events on the knee in situations where the foot is planted but the body pivots. The rigid coupling of the foot to the ground prevents the sole from rotating, thereby transferring the rotational force to the knee. Reducing these torque forces may decrease injury risk, but existing cleated designs do not address this issue without sacrificing performance.

[0005] In view of the foregoing, there is a need for an improved sole for sport shoes. It is thus an object of the present disclosure to overcome the deficiencies described above.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0006] A first embodiment (I) of the present disclosure is directed to a sole comprising a top plate and a bottom plate, wherein the bottom plate is arranged below the top plate in a forefoot area of the sole and wherein the interface between the top and the bottom plate comprises a clutch to rotatably couple the top plate and the bottom plate.

[0007] In a second embodiment (II), the top plate according to the first embodiment (I) extends the full length from toe to heel.

[0008] In a third embodiment (III), the clutch according to any one of embodiments (I)- (II) couples the top plate and the bottom plate in a normal direction.

[0009] In a fourth embodiment (IV), the clutch according to any one of embodiments (I)- (III) is a dog clutch.

[0010] In a fifth embodiment (V), the clutch according to any one of embodiments (I)- (IV) is realized by the engagement of at least one engagement means on the top plate with at least one counter engagement means on the bottom plate.

[0011] In a sixth embodiment (VI), the engagement means and / or the counter engagement means according to the fifth embodiment (V) comprise at least one recess and / or at least one protrusion.

[0012] In a seventh embodiment (VII), the engagement means and / or the counter engagement means according to any one of embodiments (V)-(VI) comprise a slanted front side, such that a rotational movement of the engagement means and / or the counter engagement means forces the engagement means and the counter engagement means apart.

[0013] In an eighth embodiment (VIII), the clutch according to any one of embodiments (I)-(VII) can disengage upon moving the plates apart in a normal direction.

[0014] In a ninth embodiment (IX), the clutch according to any one of embodiments (I)-(VIII) can disengage upon rotating the plates relative to each other.

[0015] In a tenth embodiment (X), the clutch according to any one of embodiments (I)-(IX) disengages upon rotating the plates relative to each other, only when the torque loading exceeds a threshold, wherein the threshold is in the range between 5 to 90 Nm, preferably 10 to 60 Nm, most preferably 15 to 50 Nm.

[0016] In an eleventh embodiment (XI), the rotation between the top and bottom plate according to any one of embodiments (I)-(X) is limited to a value between 1 and 25 degrees, preferably 2 to 20 degrees, more preferably 5 to 15 degrees, most preferably 5 to 10 degrees.

[0017] In a twelfth embodiment (XII), the rotation between the top and the bottom plate according to any one of embodiments (I)-(XI) is guided and / or limited by a pin and groove connection.

[0018] In a thirteenth embodiment (XIII), the clutch according to any one of embodiments (I)-(XII) comprises a nut and a bolt, adapted to connect the bottom plate and the top plate.

[0019] In a fourteenth embodiment (XIV), the clutch according to the thirteenth embodiment (XIII) comprises at least one cap configured to form-fittingly interlock with the bottom plate or the top plate and to form-fittingly interlock with the nut or the bolt.

[0020] In a fifteenth embodiment (XV), the cap according to the fourteenth embodiment (XIV) comprises a polygonal shape, preferably a rectangular shape, or a square shape, or a triangular shape, or a pentagonal shape, or a hexagonal shape to form-fittingly interlock with the bottom plate and / or the top plate.

[0021] In a sixteenth embodiment (XVI), the clutch according to any one of embodiments (XIII)-(XV) comprises a spring, adapted to press the top and the bottom plate against each other.

[0022] In a seventeenth embodiment (XVII), the spring according to the sixteenth embodiment (XVI) is a wave spring.

[0023] In an eighteenth embodiment (XVIII), the bottom plate and the top plate according to any one of embodiments (I)-(XVII) are connected by connecting means, preferably pins.

[0024] In a nineteenth embodiment (XIX), the connecting means according to the eighteenth embodiment (XVIII) are screws.

[0025] In a twentieth embodiment (XX), rotational movement between the top and the bottom plate according to the nineteenth embodiment (XIX) is guided and / or limited by a connection of the heads of the screws and a groove.

[0026] In a twenty-first embodiment (XXI), the bottom plate according to any one of embodiments (I)-(XX) has an essentially lower curvature than the top plate, such that the screw-in depth of the screws determines the bending of the bottom plate, configured to adjust the prestress between the top plate and the bottom plate.

[0027] In a twenty-second embodiment (XXII), the bottom plate according to any one of embodiments (I)-(XXI) comprises studs.

[0028] A twenty-third embodiment (XXIII) is directed to a shoe comprising the sole according to any one of embodiments (I)-(XXII).

[0029] A twenty-fourth embodiment (XXIV) is directed to a shoe comprising the sole according to any one of embodiments (I)-(XXII), wherein the shoe is a soccer shoe.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0030] The accompanying figures, which are incorporated herein, form part of the specification and illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure. Together with the description, the figures further serve to explain the principles of and to enable a person skilled in the relevant art(s) to make and use the disclosed embodiments. These figures are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Although the disclosure is generally described in the context of these embodiments, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure to these particular embodiments. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements.

[0031] FIG. 1 shows a sole in a cross-sectional view, according to some embodiments.

[0032] FIG. 2 shows the sole of FIG. 1 in an exploded view, according to some embodiments.

[0033] FIG. 3 shows the top plate of the sole of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in a top view, according to some embodiments.

[0034] FIG. 4 shows the bottom plate of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in a top view, according to some embodiments.

[0035] FIG. 5A shows a shoe comprising the sole of FIG. 1 in a bottom view, according to some embodiments.

[0036] FIG. 5B shows a shoe of FIG. 5A wherein the bottom plate is rotated by 5 degrees, according to some embodiments.

[0037] FIG. 6A shows the sole of FIG. 1 in a top view, according to some embodiments.

[0038] FIG. 6B shows the sole of FIG. 6A wherein the bottom plate is rotated by 5 degrees, according to some embodiments.

[0039] FIG. 7 shows the sole in a cross-sectional view, according to some embodiments.

[0040] FIG. 8 shows the sole of FIG. 7 in an exploded view, according to some embodiments.

[0041] FIG. 9A shows the sole of FIG. 7 in a top view, according to some embodiments.

[0042] FIG. 9B shows the sole of FIG. 9A wherein the bottom plate is rotated by 10 degrees, according to some embodiments.

[0043] FIG. 10 shows a top plate of the sole according to some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The subsequent sections provide a detailed description of the present disclosure, referencing the accompanying illustrations for clarity. The descriptions represent examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Identical reference numerals across the figures and text denote the same components. The illustrations may not reflect actual size or scale; their dimensions, proportions, and depictions of elements might be enhanced for better understanding and visual convenience.

[0045] Where a range of numerical values comprising upper and lower values is recited herein, unless otherwise stated in specific circumstances, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof, and all integers and fractions within the range. It is not intended that the disclosure or claims be limited to the specific values recited when defining a range. Further, when an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is given as a range, one or more ranges, or as list of upper values and lower values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or value and any lower range limit or value, regardless of whether such pairs are separately disclosed.

[0046] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a sole comprising a top plate and a bottom plate, wherein the bottom plate is arranged below the top plate in a forefoot area of the sole and wherein the interface between the top and the bottom plate comprises a clutch to rotatably couple the top plate and the bottom plate.

[0047] The clutch mechanism may enable rotational movement between the top and bottom plates, offering enhanced flexibility in the forefoot area. Such configurations may improve the wearer's comfort and mobility, especially during activities that require dynamic foot movement, such as running or jumping. The rotation may allow the sole to adapt to various surfaces and movements, potentially reducing strain on the foot and improving overall performance, e.g. when the torque strain on the foot exceeds a dangerous value.

[0048] In some embodiments, the top plate extends the full length from toe to heel.

[0049] Having the top plate span the full length of the sole may provide additional stability and support to the entire foot, not just the forefoot area. Such configurations may prevent the rotational coupling in the forefoot area from compromising the overall structure of the sole, while still allowing for flexible movement. The full-length top plate may also contribute to a more even distribution of pressure across the foot, improving comfort during prolonged use.

[0050] In some embodiments, the clutch couples the top plate and the bottom plate in a normal direction.

[0051] Coupling of the clutch in the normal direction may provide controlled rotational movement between the plates without lateral or horizontal displacement. Such configurations may help maintain the structural integrity of the sole, allowing for rotation in the forefoot area while minimizing unintended shifts or instability. Such configurations may also enhance the wearer's balance and overall foot control, making it advantageous in activities requiring precise foot movement.

[0052] In some embodiments, the clutch is a dog clutch.

[0053] The use of a dog clutch may provide a reliable and secure method of coupling the top and bottom plates. Such configurations may allow for controlled rotational movement while ensuring that the plates lock into place when needed, preventing unintended slippage. The dog clutch may enhance durability and performance by allowing smooth rotational engagement and disengagement during foot movement.

[0054] In some embodiments, the clutch is realized by the engagement of at least one engagement means on the top plate with at least one counter engagement means on the bottom plate.

[0055] In some embodiments, these engagement and counter-engagement means could comprise complementary shapes such as teeth, notches, or protrusions that interlock when aligned. Such configurations may provide precise and secure coupling between the top and bottom plates, allowing controlled rotational movement while maintaining the alignment of the sole. Such configurations may contribute to the durability and ease of manufacturing the sole, providing consistent performance during activities that involve frequent or complex foot movements.

[0056] In some embodiments, the engagement means and / or the counter engagement means may comprise at least one recess and / or at least one protrusion.

[0057] In some embodiments, the engagement mechanism may involve a protrusion on the top plate fitting into a corresponding recess on the bottom plate, or vice versa. Such configurations may provide a strong, secure fit between the plates, enhancing the stability of the rotational coupling. The interlocking features may prevent unwanted movement, ensuring that the sole responds only to intended rotational forces. Such configurations may offer both durability and precision, making it useful for footwear used in high-performance activities.

[0058] In some embodiments, the engagement means and / or the counter engagement means comprise a slanted front side, such that a rotational movement of the engagement means and / or the counter engagement means forces the engagement means and the counter engagement means apart.

[0059] In this manner, the slanted front side of the engagement and counter-engagement components may create a self-releasing mechanism during rotation. As the sole rotates, the slanted surfaces may apply a force that gradually separates the plates, allowing smoother disengagement of the clutch. Such configurations may minimize wear on the components, reduce friction during movement, and promote the plates decoupling efficiently when rotational forces are applied. Such configurations may be useful for footwear that requires quick transitions between stable and flexible states, such as running shoes or athletic footwear, improving overall comfort and performance.

[0060] In some embodiments, the clutch may be configured to disengage upon moving the plates apart in a normal direction.

[0061] The ability of the clutch to disengage by separating the plates vertically may provide a quick release mechanism. Such configurations may enhance the versatility of the sole, enabling the plates to disconnect during, e.g., excessive strain or specific movements. Such configurations may improve safety by preventing unwanted rotational movement or damage under extreme conditions. Such configurations may be useful in sports footwear, where rapid changes in foot position and pressure may occur, providing both flexibility and protective disengagement when required.

[0062] In some embodiments, the clutch is configured to disengage upon rotating the plates relative to each other.

[0063] Such a rotational disengagement may allow the plates to separate smoothly as they reach a certain angle of rotation. Such configurations may offer an automatic release when rotational forces exceed a specific threshold, preventing damage to the sole and providing greater flexibility during dynamic movements. Such configurations may be beneficial in athletic or performance footwear, where controlled rotational freedom is advantageous for optimal movement.

[0064] In some embodiments, the clutch may disengage upon rotating the plates relative to each other when the torque loading exceeds a threshold, wherein the threshold ranges from 5 Nm to 90 Nm, from 10 Nm to 60 Nm, and / or from 15 Nm to 50 Nm.

[0065] In this manner, in some embodiments, such a torque-based disengagement system may help the clutch to remain engaged during normal use and release when the rotational force exceeds the set threshold, protecting the sole and thus the legs of the person wearing the shoes from excessive strain or damage. By calibrating the threshold, the sole may offer a balance between flexibility and safety, allowing it to respond to regular foot movements while preventing over-rotation that could lead to instability or injury. Such configurations may be advantageous for sports footwear, where controlled disengagement under high torque conditions may improve both performance and foot protection during activities such as sprinting or jumping. In some embodiments, the force range may be varied based on characteristics of the player (e.g., a wearer). In some embodiments, the force range may vary with shoe size, which may serve as a proxy for the player's size and weight. In some embodiments, because a fitness level of a player may influence injury probability and potentially correlate with a force threshold required to cause injury, the force range may vary based on a fitness level of the player.

[0066] In some embodiments, the disengagement force may be adjustable on the footwear, where settings are based on, e.g., the player's (e.g., a wearer's) height, weight, and fitness level. Some embodiments of the present disclosure utilize a nut-and-bolt design, wherein the torque applied when tightening the nut may influence the break torque of the clutch. In some embodiments, because torques exceeding approximately 80-90 Nm may pose a risk during, e.g., rapid pivoting, sidestepping, or deceleration movements common in, e.g., soccer, the disengagement force may be set below approximately 80-90 Nm.

[0067] In some embodiments, the rotation between the top and the bottom plate is limited to a value ranging from 1 degree to 25 degrees, from 2 degrees to 20 degrees, from 5 degrees to 15 degrees, and / or from 5 degrees to 10 degrees.

[0068] In this manner, in some embodiments, the range of rotation may provide the sole with a degree of flexibility in the forefoot area without compromising stability. In some embodiments, by limiting the rotation to a maximum of 25 degrees, the design prevents excessive movement that could lead to discomfort or injury. In some embodiments, by limiting the rotation to a maximum of 10 degrees, the design prevents excessive movement that could lead to discomfort or injury. Such configurations may be useful in performance footwear, providing flexibility to adapt to natural foot motion, while maintaining firm control during lateral movements or rapid changes in direction. In this manner, such configurations may strike a balance between mobility and support, improving both comfort and functionality for activities such as running.

[0069] In some embodiments, the rotation between the top and the bottom plate is guided and / or limited by a pin and groove connection.

[0070] In this manner, in some embodiments, such a pin and groove mechanism may allow for the rotational movement between the plates to be both controlled and restricted within the desired range. In some embodiments, the pin follows the path defined by the groove, which may limit the maximum angle of rotation and prevent over-rotation. Such configurations may provide a reliable and simple way to guide movement while maintaining structural integrity. Such configurations may be advantageous in performance footwear, as it may allow the sole to adapt to natural foot movements while ensuring stability and preventing excessive twisting that could lead to injury. In this manner, such configurations may enhance durability and precision in the rotational coupling of the sole.

[0071] In some embodiments, the clutch comprises a nut and a bolt, adapted to connect the bottom plate and the top plate.

[0072] In this manner, in some embodiments, such a nut and bolt arrangement may provide a secure and adjustable connection between the top and bottom plates. Such configurations may allow for easy assembly and disassembly of the plates, offering durability and strength in the coupling while maintaining flexibility. The use of a nut and bolt may also enable control over the tension between the plates, allowing customization of the rotational movement or engagement. Such configurations may be beneficial in footwear where adjustability is desired, such as in sports shoes or outdoor shoes, where the user might desire to modify the sole's performance based on the activity or terrain.

[0073] In some embodiments, the clutch may comprise at least one cap configured to form-fittingly interlock with the bottom plate or the top plate and to form-fittingly interlock with the nut or the bolt.

[0074] In this manner, the cap may provide a secure and stable connection between the nut / bolt and the plates by preventing slippage or loosening over time. The form-fitting interlock may improve the durability and alignment of the sole's components and help the nut and bolt remain securely in place during use. Such configurations may enhance the overall strength of the coupling, reducing wear and tear on the plates and the fastening mechanism. Such configurations may also allow for an integrated and streamlined appearance, while maintaining functionality. In some embodiments, the cap may further improves user safety by reducing the risk of the nut or bolt loosening during activity.

[0075] In some embodiments, the cap comprises a polygonal shape, such as a rectangular shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, a pentagonal shape, or a hexagonal shape, to form-fittingly interlock with the bottom plate and / or the top plate.

[0076] In this manner, the shape of the cap may provide a precise and secure fit with the corresponding surfaces of the sole's plates. For example, in some embodiments, a hexagonal or pentagonal shape may provide increased stability and resistance to rotation; whereas, in some embodiments, a rectangular or square shape might offer simple alignment and assembly. In some embodiments, the shape of the cap may help the cap stay locked in position, preventing unwanted rotation or movement of the nut and bolt connection. Such configurations may allow for flexibility in manufacturing, as different shapes may be used to meet the specific structural or aesthetic needs of the footwear. In some embodiments, the form-fitting nature of the cap may also control the rotational movement of the plates, enhancing the durability and performance of the sole in various activities.

[0077] In some embodiments, the clutch comprises a spring configured to press the top and the bottom plate against each other.

[0078] In some embodiments, the spring may provide constant pressure between the top and bottom plates, enhancing the stability and engagement of the clutch mechanism. In this manner, in some embodiments, this spring-loaded configuration may allow for a controlled and responsive rotational movement by maintaining consistent contact between the plates while allowing for disengagement when desired. In some embodiments, the spring can also provide a cushioning effect, absorbing shock and distributing forces evenly, which may improve comfort and reduce wear on the sole during impact activities such as running or jumping. Additionally, in some embodiments, the spring mechanism may provide a self-adjusting effect, helping the plates remain securely connected even as the sole experiences varying forces during use. Such configurations may be advantageous for performance footwear, where both flexibility and stability may be desirable.

[0079] In some embodiments, the spring is a wave spring.

[0080] In some embodiments, the wave spring provides compact yet effective pressure between the top and bottom plates, due to its wave-like structure. This type of spring may be advantageous for applications requiring a high load-bearing capacity in a limited space, making it desirable for footwear designs where space constraints are important. The wave spring's ability to maintain consistent pressure may help the plates stay securely engaged while allowing controlled rotational movement. Additionally, the spring can absorb shocks and distribute loads efficiently, enhancing both the comfort and durability of the sole during impact activities.

[0081] In some embodiments, the bottom plate and the top plate are connected by connecting means, such as pins.

[0082] In some embodiments, the use of pins as connecting means may provide a secure and stable attachment between the top and bottom plates. In some embodiments, these pins may provide a reliable point of connection while still allowing for the controlled rotational movement as described herein. In some embodiments, the use of pins may simplify the design by offering a robust and durable method to align and connect the plates. Such configurations may enhance the structural integrity of the sole, helping the plates move evenly without shifting or misaligning during use. Such configurations may be beneficial for footwear that experiences frequent or intense movements, providing both flexibility and durability, while minimizing wear on the connecting components.

[0083] In some embodiments, the connecting means are screws.

[0084] In some embodiments, using screws as the connecting means may provide a secure, adjustable, and durable attachment between the top and bottom plates. In some embodiments, screws offer a strong, fixed connection while allowing easy assembly and disassembly, making the design adaptable for maintenance or adjustments. Such configurations may precisely align the plates, preventing unintended movement and enhancing the overall stability of the sole. The use of screws may be advantageous in footwear subjected to stress or repeated impact, such as athletic or work shoes, where a reliable, long-lasting connection may be important to the performance and longevity of the sole.

[0085] In some embodiments, rotational movement between the top and the bottom plate is guided and / or limited by a connection of the heads of the screws and a groove.

[0086] In some embodiments, the heads of the screws may fit into a corresponding groove, guiding the rotational movement and limiting it to a defined range. Such configurations may provide precise control over the movement between the plates, preventing over-rotation and maintaining structural integrity. In some embodiments, the groove acts as a track for the screw heads, allowing the plates to rotate within a specific range while ensuring that they remain aligned and securely connected. Such configurations may improve the stability and flexibility of the sole, making it useful for footwear that requires controlled movement. In this manner, such configurations may enhance durability and ensures consistent performance over time.

[0087] In some embodiments, the bottom plate has an essentially lower curvature than the top plate, such that the screw-in depth of the screws determines the bending of the bottom plate, configured to adjust the prestress between the top plate and the bottom plate.

[0088] In this manner, in some embodiments, a difference in curvature between the top and bottom plates, combined with the adjustable screw-in depth, may allow for fine-tuning the tension or prestress in the sole. In some embodiments, by tightening or loosening the screws, the bending of the bottom plate may be manipulated to either increase or decrease the force pressing the plates together. In this manner, in some embodiments, this adjustable prestress may be used to tailor the flexibility and responsiveness of the clutch. For instance, smaller prestress may provide an easier disengagement of the clutch. In some embodiments, incorporating a seal between the two plates may prevent dirt from becoming trapped in the cavity between them. In some embodiments, the seal may comprise a ring of soft material positioned around the periphery of the top and / or bottom plate. Additionally, in some embodiments, the wiping action generated by the motion of the plates may help minimize the transfer of dirt into the cavity.

[0089] In some embodiments, the bottom plate comprises studs.

[0090] In this manner, in some embodiments, studs on the bottom plate may provide enhanced traction and grip, which may be useful for footwear designed for outdoor activities or sports. In some embodiments, the studs may be positioned to optimize contact with the ground, improving stability on uneven or slippery surfaces. Such configurations may be beneficial for soles for athletic shoes, cleats, or hiking boots, where strong footing may be desirable. In some embodiments, the addition of studs may enhance the overall performance of the footwear by reducing the risk of slipping and increasing the wearer's ability to maintain balance and control during dynamic movements.

[0091] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a shoe comprising a sole according to any one of the embodiments described herein.

[0092] In this manner, in some embodiments, the shoe may benefit from the features of the sole, such as the rotational coupling mechanism, adjustable prestress, and enhanced traction from the studs. In some embodiments, these features combine to provide a shoe that offers improved flexibility, stability, and performance. In some embodiments, the integration of the clutch system with adjustable prestress may allow the shoe to be customized to suit the wearer's needs, which may make it desirable for a wide range of applications, from sports to outdoor activities, for example.

[0093] In some embodiments, the shoe may be a soccer shoe.

[0094] In this manner, in some embodiments, the soccer shoe may utilize the features of the sole according to any one of the embodiments described herein to, e.g., enhance athletic performance on the field. In some embodiments, the rotational coupling mechanism may allow the forefoot to be secured also in conditions such as abrupt rotational movements. In some embodiments, the adjustable prestress between the top and bottom plates may allow the sole and the clutch to be fine-tuned for the desired level of flexibility or rigidity, based on the player's biomechanically induced preference.

[0095] FIG. 1 shows a detail of a sole 100 in a cross-sectional view according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the sole 100 may comprise a top plate 110 and a bottom plate 120, wherein the bottom plate 120 is arranged below the top plate 110 and the interface between the top plate 110 and the bottom plate 120 comprises a clutch 118 that rotatably couples the top plate 110 and the bottom plate 120. In some embodiments, the clutch 118 may couple the top plate 110 and the bottom plate 120 in a normal direction and the clutch 118 may be a dog clutch. In some embodiments, the clutch 118 may be realized by the engagement of engagement means 111 on the top plate 110 with counter engagement means 121 on the bottom plate 120. In some embodiments, the engagement means 111 may comprise a recess 112 and the counter engagement means 121 may comprise a protrusion 122 and the recess 112 and the protrusion 122 may engage with each other. In some embodiments, a pin 124 on the bottom plate 120 may engage a groove 114 on the top plate, so that the rotation between the top and the bottom plate is guided and limited by the pin and groove connection. In some embodiments, the clutch 118 may comprise a nut 152 and a bolt 150 that connect the bottom plate 120 and the top plate 110 with each other. In some embodiments, the clutch comprises a spring and, in some embodiments, the spring may be a wave spring 140. In some embodiments, the clutch 118 may comprise a cap 130 that is recessed in the top plate 110 and thus may form-fittingly interlock with the top plate. In some embodiments, the cap 130 may form-fittingly interlock with the nut 152 and may press the wave spring 140 onto the top plate. In some embodiments, the bolt 150 may be connected with the bottom plate 120. In this manner, in some embodiments, the spring 140 may press the top plate 110 and the bottom plate 120 against each other. In some embodiments, the engagement means 111 and the counter engagement means 121 may comprise a slanted front side, such that a rotational movement of the engagement means 111 and the counter engagement means 121 may force the engagement means 111 and the counter engagement means 121 apart. In some embodiments, upon releasing the bolt, the clutch may disengage upon moving the top plate 110 and the bottom plate 120 apart in a normal direction.

[0096] To enhance controlled disengagement, in some embodiments, both the engagement means 111 and counter engagement means 121 may comprise slanted front sides. Such configurations may allow the engagement and counter engagement means to separate smoothly when rotated, allowing for controlled disengagement. Additionally, in some embodiments, the clutch 118 may be fully disengaged by releasing the bolt 150 and moving the top plate 110 and bottom plate 120 apart in a normal direction, adding versatility to the coupling system.

[0097] FIG. 2 shows the sole of FIG. 1 in an exploded view, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the bottom plate 120 may be arranged under the top plate 110 in the forefoot area of the sole 100. In some embodiments, the pentagonal cap 130 may fit into the top plate 110 and covers the wave spring 140. In some embodiments, the bottom plate 120 may comprise counter engagement means 121 with protrusions 122 and may be attached to the top plate by means of the bolt 150 and the nut 152. In some embodiments, the groove 114 in the top plate 110 may accommodate the pin 124 of the bottom plate 120. In some embodiments, studs 160 are arranged on the bottom side of the bottom plate 120.

[0098] In some embodiments, the pentagonal cap 130 may fit into a designated area on the top plate 110. In this manner, in some embodiments, this cap 130 may function to cover and secure the wave spring 140 in position, promoting consistent compression and contact between the top and bottom plates. In some embodiments, the bottom plate 120 may include counter engagement means 121, each with protrusions 122, which may be configured to interlock with corresponding engagement means on the top plate 110, facilitating a secure coupling and forming the coupling mechanism of the clutch. In some embodiments, the connection between the plates is reinforced by a bolt 150 and a nut 152, allowing the bottom plate 120 to be firmly attached to the top plate 110. For controlled rotational movement, in some embodiments, a groove 114 on the top plate 110 aligns with a pin 124 on the bottom plate 120, guiding and limiting rotation within a set range.

[0099] FIG. 3 shows the top plate of the sole of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in a top view, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the top plate 110 may comprise engagement means 111 in the center of the forefoot area and a through hole to receive the bolt 150. In some embodiments, the engagement means 111 may comprise recesses 112, configured to receive the protrusion 122 of the bottom plate 120. In some embodiments, two grooves 114 may be arranged on the top plate 110, configured to receive the pins 124 of the bottom plate.

[0100] In some embodiments, the engagement means 111 comprise recesses 112 that are shaped to receive protrusions 122 from the bottom plate 120, enabling a secure interlocking connection between the plates to form the clutch. In some embodiments, a through hole is present in the top plate 110 to accommodate the bolt 150, allowing for a stable assembly when attached to the bottom plate. In some embodiments, the two grooves 114 are positioned to align with pins 124 on the bottom plate, guiding the relative rotation between the plates and limiting movement within the intended range. In this manner, in some embodiments, such configurations may allow the top plate to securely engage with the bottom plate thus allowing for controlled rotational movement and structural stability in the assembled sole.

[0101] FIG. 4 illustrates the bottom plate of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in a top view, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the bottom plate 120 may comprise counter engagement means 121 in the center of the forefoot area and a through hole to receive the bolt 150. In some embodiments, the counter engagement means 121 may comprise protrusions 112 configured to receive the recesses 112 of the top plate. In some embodiments, two pins 124 may be arranged on the bottom plate 120, configured to be inserted into the groove 114 of the top plate.

[0102] In some embodiments, in the center of the forefoot area, the bottom plate 120 may comprise counter engagement means 121, which may comprise of protrusions 122 configured to engage with the corresponding recesses 112 on the top plate to form the clutch. In this manner, in some embodiments, such configurations enable the two plates to securely connect, allowing for guided rotation while also preventing lateral shifts. In some embodiments, a through hole may be located on the bottom plate 120 to accommodate the bolt 150, which may fasten the top and bottom plates together. Additionally, in some embodiments, two pins 124 may be positioned on the bottom plate 120, aligned to fit into the grooves 114 on the top plate. In this manner, in some embodiments, the pins guide the rotation and limit the range of movement, helping the plates maintain alignment and perform as intended within the set rotational limits.

[0103] FIG. 5A shows a shoe comprising the sole of FIG. 1 in a bottom view, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the sole 100 comprises a bottom plate 120 and a top plate 110. In some embodiments, the bottom plate may comprise studs 160 and the top plate 110 may extend the full length from toe to heel.

[0104] FIG. 5B shows the shoe of FIG. 5A and the bottom plate 120 is rotated by 5 degrees by triggering the clutch 118, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0105] In some embodiments, this rotation capability, facilitated by the clutch, may allow the bottom plate to adjust slightly relative to the top plate, providing flexibility in the forefoot area. The clutch mechanism thus may allow for both stability and adaptability.

[0106] FIG. 6A shows the sole of FIG. 1 in a top view, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the sole 100 comprises a top plate 110 and a bottom plate 120. In some embodiments, in the center of the forefoot area of the top plate 110 a pentagonal cap 130 may be arranged over the clutch 118, fixated with a bolt 150 and a nut 152. In some embodiments, the pins 124 of the bottom plate 120 may be located in the grooves 114 of the top plate. In this manner, in some embodiments, the rotation between the top and the bottom plate may be limited by the pin and groove connection to a value, such as a value of 5 degrees. In some embodiments, the pentagonal cap 130 may form-fittingly interlock with the top plate 110 and form-fittingly interlock with the nut 152.

[0107] FIG. 6B shows the sole 100 of FIG. 6A wherein the bottom plate is rotated by 5 degrees, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the pins 124 of the bottom plate 120 may be located at the other end of the grooves 114 compared to FIG. 6A.

[0108] FIGS. 6A and 6B show a top view of the sole 100 from FIG. 1, detailing the structural arrangement of the top plate 110, bottom plate 120, and the rotational functionality enabled by the clutch 118, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 6A, the sole 100 is shown in a neutral position, with the top plate 110 covering the full length of the sole. In some embodiments, positioned centrally in the forefoot area of the top plate 110, a pentagonal cap 130 may be arranged above the clutch 118. In some embodiments, the cap 130 may be securely fastened with a bolt 150 and nut 152, which may hold the cap in place, providing stability and protecting the clutch mechanism. In some embodiments, the cap 130 may be configured to fit snugly within the top plate 110, and it may also interlock with the nut 152, providing a secure connection over the clutch. Additionally, in some embodiments, pins 124 on the bottom plate 120 may be seated within grooves 114 on the top plate, establishing a pin-and-groove connection that may guide and limit rotational movement between the plates. Such configurations may restrict rotation to a maximum value, such as a maximum of 5 degrees, helping the movement remain controlled and preventing over-rotation. In FIG. 6B, the bottom plate 120 is shown rotated to its maximum value (e.g., a 5-degree limit), demonstrating the rotational functionality. The pins 124 of the bottom plate have shifted to the opposite ends of the grooves 114, indicating the full extent of allowable movement.

[0109] FIG. 7 shows a sole in a cross-sectional view, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the sole 200 may comprise a top plate 210 and a bottom plate 220, wherein the bottom plate 220 is arranged below the top plate 210 and the interface between the top plate 210 and the bottom plate 220 comprises a clutch 218 that rotatably couples the top plate 210 and the bottom plate 220. In some embodiments, the clutch 218 may couple the top plate 210 and the bottom plate 220 in a normal direction and the clutch 218 may be a dog clutch. In some embodiments, the bottom plate 220 and the top plate 210 may be connected by connecting means in the form of screws 224. In some embodiments, the clutch 218 may be realized by the engagement of engagement means 211 on the top plate 210 with counter engagement means 221 on the bottom plate 220. In some embodiments, the engagement means 211 may comprise a recess 212 and the counter engagement means 221 may comprise a protrusion 222 and the recess 212 and the protrusion 222 may engage with each other. In some embodiments, screws 224 on the bottom plate 220 may engage grooves 214 on the top plate, so that the rotation between the top and the bottom plate may be guided and limited by the connection of the groove 214 and the head of the screws 224. In some embodiments, the bottom plate 220 may have an essentially lower curvature than the top plate 210, such that the screw-in depth of the screws 224 may determine the bending of the bottom plate. In this manner, in some embodiments, the prestress between the top plate 210 and the bottom plate 220 may be adjusted.

[0110] In some embodiments, the bottom plate 220 may be positioned below the top plate 210, and a clutch 218 may be provided at the interface between the two plates. In some embodiments, the clutch 218 may be a dog clutch, enabling secure rotational coupling in a normal (e.g., perpendicular) direction. In some embodiments, the engagement mechanism of the clutch may be formed by engagement means 211 on the top plate 210 and counter engagement means 221 on the bottom plate 220. Specifically, in some embodiments, the engagement means 211 may include a recess 212, while the counter engagement means 221 may comprise a corresponding protrusion 222. In some embodiments, the recess 212 and protrusion 222 may interlock, promoting a stable rotational connection between the plates. In some embodiments, screws 224 may act as connecting means, attaching the top plate 210 and bottom plate 220 together. Additionally, in some embodiments, screws 224 on the bottom plate 220 may engage with grooves 214 on the top plate 210. In some embodiments, such screwhead-and-groove configuration may guide and limit the rotation between the plates, with the head of each screw 224 fitting into the grooves 214, defining the maximum allowable rotation and preventing over-rotation. In this manner, such configurations may provide controlled flexibility while maintaining structural integrity during dynamic movements. Notably, in some embodiments, the bottom plate 220 may have a slightly lower curvature than the top plate 210, creating a gap that can be adjusted by modifying the screw-in depth of the screws 224. By adjusting this depth, in some embodiments, the bending of the bottom plate 220 may be controlled, thereby modifying the prestress between the plates. In this manner, the sole may be fine-tuned for specific levels of flexibility or rigidity, enhancing user comfort and adaptability of the clutch mechanism based on different activities or preferences. Such configurations may combine stability, rotational control, and customizable flexibility, making such configurations advantageous for performance footwear that may benefit from both support and responsiveness.

[0111] FIG. 8 shows the sole of FIG. 7 in an exploded view, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the bottom plate 220 may be arranged under the top plate 210 in the forefoot area of the sole 200. In some embodiments, the bottom plate 220 may comprise counter engagement means 221 with protrusions 222 and may be attached to the top plate by means of the screws 224. In some embodiments, the grooves 214 in the top plate 210 may accommodate the screws 224. In some embodiments, studs 260 may be arranged on the bottom side of the bottom plate 220.

[0112] In some embodiments, the bottom plate 220 may be positioned beneath the top plate 210 in the forefoot area of the sole. In some embodiments, the bottom plate 220 includes counter engagement means 221, comprising protrusions 222 that align with corresponding recesses in the top plate, facilitating a secure interlock for the clutch mechanism. In some embodiments, the attachment of the bottom plate 220 to the top plate 210 may be achieved using screws 224, which may act as both fastening elements and rotational guides. In some embodiments, the top plate 210 may have grooves 214 configured to accommodate the heads of the screws 224. In this manner, in some embodiments, such a groove and screw-head connection may serve as a guide for rotational movement, limiting the rotation range between the plates to prevent over-rotation, while ensuring alignment and stability.

[0113] FIG. 9A shows the sole of FIG. 7 in a top view, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the sole 200 may comprise a top plate 210 and a bottom plate 220. In some embodiments, the screws 224 may be located in the grooves 214 of the top plate. In this manner, in some embodiments, the rotation between the top plate 210 and the bottom plate may be limited by the connection of the screwhead and the grooves to a value, such as a value of 10 degrees. In some embodiments, the grooves 114 may be arranged in a ring around the clutch 218.

[0114] FIG. 9B shows the sole 200 of FIG. 9A wherein the bottom plate 220 is rotated by 10 degrees, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the heads of the screws 224 may be located at the other end of the grooves 214 compared to FIG. 9A.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 9A, in some embodiments, the screws 224 are seated within grooves 214 on the top plate 210. In this manner, the grooves, which may be arranged in a circular pattern around the clutch 218, serve as a rotational guide, allowing the bottom plate 220 to rotate relative to the top plate 210. In some embodiments, the connection between the heads of the screws 224 and the grooves 214 may restrict the rotation between the plates to a maximum value, such as a maximum value of 10 degrees. Such configurations may provide flexibility while preventing over-rotation, maintaining stability and alignment in the sole's structure.

[0116] FIG. 9B shows the sole 200 after the bottom plate 220 has rotated to the full 10-degree limit, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9B, in some embodiments, the heads of the screws 224 may be positioned at the opposite ends of the grooves 214 compared to their positions in FIG. 9A. This arrangement visually demonstrates the full range of allowable movement, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, with the grooves and screw heads working together to guide and limit the rotation precisely. In some embodiments, rotation (e.g., a 10 degree rotation) may provide the forefoot area with adaptability to natural foot motion, which may enhance comfort and performance in activities requiring, e.g., lateral or pivoting movements. In some embodiments, the ringed groove around the clutch 218 may provide a balanced rotational movement while maintaining secure engagement between the plates.

[0117] FIG. 10 shows a top plate of a sole according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the top plate 310 may comprise seven grooves 314, arranged circularly around the engagement means 311. In some embodiments, the engagement means 311 may be arranged in the center of the forefoot area and may comprise recesses 312, configured to engage counter engagement means of a bottom plate.

[0118] In some embodiments, the top plate 310 may comprise seven grooves 314, positioned in a circular pattern around the engagement means 311 located in the center of the forefoot area. In some embodiments, these grooves 314 may be arranged to guide and limit the rotational movement of the sole, with each groove accommodating a corresponding connector from the bottom plate, such as a screw or pin. In this manner, in some embodiments, a circular layout around the engagement means 311 may provide balanced and evenly distributed rotational control. In some embodiments, the engagement means 311, which may also be located centrally, may comprise recesses 312 configured to interlock with counter engagement means on the bottom plate. In some embodiments, recesses 312 secure the connection between the top and bottom plates, enabling stable engagement while allowing for guided rotational movement within the constraints of the grooves 314. Such configurations may offer enhanced flexibility and control of the clutch in the forefoot area, making the sole adaptable to demanding and abrupt footwork while maintaining structural integrity.

Claims

1. A sole comprising:a top plate; anda bottom plate,wherein the bottom plate is arranged below the top plate in a forefoot area of the sole, andwherein an interface between the top plate and the bottom plate comprises a clutch configured to rotatably couple the top plate and the bottom plate.

2. The sole according to claim 1, wherein the top plate extends from a toe area to a heel area of the sole.

3. The sole according to claim 1, wherein the clutch couples the top plate and the bottom plate in a normal direction.

4. The sole according to claim 1, wherein the clutch is a dog clutch.

5. The sole according to claim 1, wherein the clutch is configured to disengage upon moving the top plate and the bottom plate apart in a normal direction.

6. The sole according to claim 1, wherein the clutch is configured to disengage upon rotating the top plate and the bottom plate relative to each other.

7. The sole according to claim 1, wherein the clutch is configured such that the clutch disengages upon rotating the top plate and the bottom plate relative to each other when a torque load between the top plate and the bottom plate exceeds a threshold, wherein the threshold ranges from 5 Nm to 90 Nm.

8. The sole according to claim 1, wherein rotation between the top plate and the bottom plate is limited to a value ranging from 1 degree to 25 degrees.

9. The sole according to claim 1, wherein rotation between the top plate and the bottom plate is guided or limited by a pin and groove connection.

10. The sole according to claim 1, wherein the clutch comprises a nut and a bolt configured to couple the bottom plate and the top plate.

11. The sole according to claim 10, wherein the clutch comprises at least one cap configured to form-fittingly interlock with the bottom plate or the top plate and to form-fittingly interlock with the nut or the bolt.

12. The sole according to claim 11, wherein the at least one cap comprises a polygonal shape to form-fittingly interlock with the bottom plate or the top plate.

13. The sole according to claim 10, wherein the clutch comprises a spring configured to press the top plate and the bottom plate against each other.

14. The sole according to claim 13, wherein the spring is a wave spring.

15. The sole according to claim 1, wherein the bottom plate and the top plate are coupled by pins.

16. The sole according to claim 1, wherein the bottom plate and the top plate are coupled by screws.

17. The sole according to claim 16, wherein rotational movement between the top plate and the bottom plate is guided or limited by a connection of heads of the screws and a groove.

18. The sole according to claim 16, wherein the bottom plate has less curvature than the top plate, such that a screw-in depth of the screws is configured to adjust bending of the bottom plate and to adjust prestress between the top plate and the bottom plate.

19. The sole according to claim 1, wherein the bottom plate comprises studs.

20. A shoe comprising the sole according to claim 1.

21. A shoe comprising the sole according to claim 1, wherein the shoe is a soccer shoe.

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