Communication method, apparatus and device, and storage medium

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of communications. Disclosed are a communication method, apparatus and device, and a medium. The method, which is performed by a first node, comprises: sending a first signal, wherein a time-domain resource of the first signal comprises a first number of first time-domain units and a second number of second time-domain units, the first number of first time-domain units being used for the synchronization of a second node, a second signal being associated with a third signal, the second signal being a signal of the first signal in a first time-domain unit, and the third signal being a signal of the first signal in a second time-domain unit. A first signal with a time-domain resource comprising first time-domain units supports a second node to operate as much as possible within an accurate time-domain range and / or frequency-domain range, thereby ensuring the transmission quality of the second node.

Description

Communication method, device, equipment and storage medium Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a communication method, apparatus, device, and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Some communications devices have relatively simple RF and baseband circuit designs. To reduce complexity and save power, they often use simpler, lower-power oscillators. However, these oscillators have poor frequency accuracy and can produce significant frequency offsets. This can not only affect subsequent communications of the device but also interfere with the normal communications of other devices.

[0003] How to avoid time-frequency offset as much as possible to ensure that communication equipment operates within relatively accurate time-frequency resources is a problem that needs to be solved.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a communication method, apparatus, device, and medium, the technical solution of which at least includes:

[0006] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a communication method is provided, where the method is performed by a first node and includes:

[0007] Sending a first signal, where time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, where the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node;

[0008] The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

[0009] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a communication method is provided, where the method is performed by a second node and includes:

[0010] receiving a first signal, where time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, and the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node;

[0011] The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

[0012] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a communication device is provided, the device including:

[0013] a sending module, configured to send a first signal, where the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, where the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node;

[0014] The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

[0015] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a communication device is provided, the device including:

[0016] a receiving module, configured to receive a first signal, where the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, where the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node;

[0017] The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

[0018] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a communication device is provided, the communication device including:

[0019] processor;

[0020] a receiver and / or transmitter connected to the processor;

[0021] a memory for storing executable instructions for the processor;

[0022] The transmitter is configured to transmit a first signal, and the receiver is configured to receive the first signal;

[0023] The time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, wherein the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node;

[0024] The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

[0025] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a communication device is provided, the communication device comprising: a receiver and / or a transmitter;

[0026] The receiver is configured to receive a first signal, and the transmitter is configured to transmit the first signal;

[0027] The time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, wherein the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node;

[0028] The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

[0029] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, in which executable instructions are stored. The executable instructions are loaded and executed by the processor to implement the communication method as described in the above aspect.

[0030] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer program product is provided, which includes computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions are stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes to implement the communication method described in the above aspect.

[0031] According to one aspect of the present application, a chip is provided, which includes a programmable logic circuit and / or program instructions, and is used to implement the communication method described in the above aspects when the chip is running.

[0032] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer program is provided, which includes computer instructions. A processor of a computer device executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the communication method as described in the above aspect.

[0033] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application may have the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The first time domain unit can be used for synchronization, and the time domain resources include the first signal of the first time domain unit to support the second node to operate in an accurate time domain range and / or frequency domain range as much as possible, thereby ensuring the transmission quality of the second node and avoiding interference problems between the second node and other devices, thereby improving the overall transmission efficiency and communication quality of the communication system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0036] FIG1 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of a terminal device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG3 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG4 shows a schematic diagram of radio frequency energy harvesting provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing a backscatter communication process provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG6 shows a schematic diagram of resistive load modulation provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG7 shows a schematic diagram of an encoding method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG8 shows a schematic diagram of a data packet provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG9 is a schematic flow chart showing a communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG10 is a schematic diagram showing a flow chart of a communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG11 shows a schematic diagram of a first time domain unit and a second time domain unit provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG12 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0048] FIG13 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG14 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG15 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG16 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0052] FIG17 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG18 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG19 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0055] FIG20 shows a flow chart of a communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG21 is a schematic diagram showing a flow chart of a communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0057] FIG22 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG23 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0059] FIG24 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0060] FIG25 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0061] FIG26 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0062] FIG27 shows a schematic diagram of generating a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0063] FIG28 shows a schematic diagram of generating a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG29 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0065] FIG30 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0066] FIG31 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG32 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0068] FIG33 shows a schematic diagram of a time domain unit of a first signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0069] FIG34 shows a signal schematic diagram provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0070] FIG35 shows a signal schematic diagram provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0071] FIG36 shows a schematic diagram of a measurement window provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0072] FIG37 is a schematic diagram showing a flow chart of a communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0073] FIG38 shows a structural block diagram of a communication device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0074] FIG39 shows a structural block diagram of a communication device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0075] FIG40 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0076] FIG41 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application more clear, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0078] The terms used in this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," "the," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0079] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in this application to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0080] First, the communication technology involved in the embodiments of this application is introduced:

[0081] Synchronization: The receiver and transmitter usually need to maintain time and / or frequency synchronization to ensure transmission quality. Here are two synchronization methods:

[0082] (1) Synchronization mode 1: Time and frequency synchronization is performed through the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) in the synchronization signal block (Synchronization Signal and PBCH Block, SSB).

[0083] The present application exemplarily provides a typical implementation method: the terminal device performs PSS correlation detection in the time domain and obtains clock information (such as the starting position of the OFDM symbol) according to the position of the sequence correlation peak. In the process of performing PSS correlation detection in the time domain, the approximate frequency offset can be estimated by blind search (that is, coarse frequency offset estimation). The specific implementation method of coarse frequency offset estimation can be to preset some fixed frequency offset values ​​(called Frequency Bin, such as 0, + / -7.5kHz, + / -15kHz, etc.), compensate this frequency offset value to the local sequence (or received signal), and then perform correlation detection on the local sequence and the received signal, compare the size of the correlation peak under different frequency offset value assumptions, and the larger the value, the closer the actual frequency offset value is to the corresponding preset frequency offset value, thereby estimating the approximate frequency offset. After performing PSS correlation detection, the resource location of the SSS signal can be determined, and precise frequency offset estimation and calibration can be performed in the frequency domain. Thereby, the frequency offset error is controlled within a smaller range and will not affect subsequent data transmission and reception.

[0084] (2) Synchronization method 2: Time-frequency synchronization is performed through short training sequence (ST) and long training sequence (LT).

[0085] The ST consists of 10 identical parts, each corresponding to 16 sampling points, which are used for frame synchronization, automatic gain control (AGC), antenna selection, and coarse frequency offset estimation. The coarse frequency offset estimation uses the last 5 parts in the ST. The coarse frequency offset estimation method refers to formula (1):

[0086] The LT consists of two identical parts and can be used for fine frequency offset estimation. First, a calibration is performed based on the coarse frequency offset estimation results from the previous step. Based on this, a fine estimation and calibration are performed.

[0087] The precise frequency offset estimation method refers to formula (2):

[0088] Both equations (1) and (2) estimate the frequency offset using the phase between repeated sequences in the time domain. The mathematical model is s(m) = x(m) * exp(j * α * m). Because the phase calculation process involves integer ambiguity, only the fractional part between [0, 2pi] can be determined. Therefore, the actual frequency offset estimation accuracy / range is inversely proportional to the distance between the repeated sequences. When using ST to estimate the coarse frequency offset, the distance between the two repeated sequences is Δ = 16, so the estimation range is [0, 2pi] / 16. When using LT to estimate the fine frequency offset, the distance between the two repeated sequences is Δ = 64, and the estimation range can be reduced to [0, 2pi] / 64. Assuming that the error / accuracy of the phase angle calculation operation at the same receiver is relatively constant, the larger the denominator Δ (16 to 64), the higher the resolution of the frequency offset estimation.

[0089] In this application, the frequency offset estimation accuracy may also be replaced by the frequency offset estimation resolution.

[0090] 1 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The wireless communication system includes a network device 110 and a terminal device 120, and / or a terminal device 120 and a terminal device 130, which are not limited in the present application.

[0091] The network device 110 in the present application provides wireless communication functions, and the network device 110 includes but is not limited to: Evolved Node B (eNB), Radio Network Controller (RNC), Node B (NB), Base Station Controller (BSC), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Home Base Station (e.g., Home Evolved Node B, or Home Node B, HNB), Baseband Unit (BBU), Access Point (AP) in Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system, Wireless Relay Node, Wireless Backhaul Node, Transmission Point (TP) or Transmission and Reception Point (TRP), etc., and can also be the Next Generation Node B (NGNB) in the 5th Generation (5G) mobile communication system. B, gNB) or transmission point (TRP or TP), or one or a group of (including multiple antenna panels) antenna panels of a base station in a 5G system, or it can also be a network node constituting a gNB or transmission point, such as a baseband unit (BBU) or distributed unit (DU), or a base station in a Beyond Fifth Generation (B5G) mobile communication system or a sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system, or a core network (CN), fronthaul, backhaul, radio access network (RAN), network slice, etc., or a reader / writer of a radio frequency identification (RFID) system.

[0092] The terminal device 120 and / or terminal device 130 in this application are also called user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, and user device. The terminals include, but are not limited to, handheld devices, wearable devices, vehicle-mounted devices, and Internet of Things devices, such as electronic tags, controllers, mobile phones, tablet computers, e-book readers, laptop computers, desktop computers, televisions, game consoles, mobile Internet devices (MIDs), augmented reality (AR) terminals, virtual reality (VR) terminals, and mixed reality (MR) terminals, wearable devices, handles, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical care, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loops (WLANs), and wireless terminals in industrial control. Loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDA), TV set-top boxes (STB), customer premises equipment (CPE), etc.

[0093] The network device 110 and the terminal device 120 communicate with each other via some air interface technology, such as a Uu interface.

[0094] Exemplarily, there are two communication scenarios between the network device 110 and the terminal device 120: an uplink communication scenario and a downlink communication scenario. Uplink communication refers to sending signals to the network device 110; downlink communication refers to sending signals to the terminal device 120.

[0095] The terminal device 120 and the terminal device 130 communicate with each other via a direct communication interface, such as a PC5 interface.

[0096] In some embodiments, there are two communication scenarios between terminal device 120 and terminal device 130: a first sideline communication scenario and a second sideline communication scenario. The first sideline communication refers to sending signals to terminal device 130, while the second sideline communication refers to sending signals to terminal device 120.

[0097] Terminal device 120 and terminal device 130 are both within the network coverage and located in the same cell, or terminal device 120 and terminal device 130 are both within the network coverage but located in different cells, or terminal device 120 is within the network coverage but terminal device 130 is outside the network coverage.

[0098] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) system, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication system, 5G mobile communication system, New Radio (NR) system, NR system evolution system, LTE on unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, NR on unlicensed spectrum (NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum) system. Unlicensed spectrum, NR-U) system, terrestrial communication network (Terrestrial Networks, TN) system, non-terrestrial communication network (Non-Terrestrial Networks, NTN) system, wireless local area network (Wireless Local Area Networks, WLAN), wireless fidelity (Wireless Fidelity, Wi-Fi), cellular Internet of Things system, cellular passive Internet of Things system, can also be applied to the subsequent evolution system of the 5G NR system, and can also be applied to B5G, 6G and subsequent evolution systems. In some embodiments of the present application, "NR" may also be referred to as a 5G NR system or a 5G system. Among them, the 5G mobile communication system may include non-standalone networking (NSA) and / or standalone networking (SA).

[0099] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to machine type communication (MTC), long term evolution technology for machine-to-machine communication (LTE-M), device-to-device (D2D) network, machine-to-machine (M2M) network, Internet of Things (IoT) network or other networks. Among them, the IoT network can include, for example, the Internet of Vehicles. Among them, the communication mode in the Internet of Vehicles system is collectively referred to as vehicle to other devices (Vehicle to X, V2X, X can represent anything), for example, the V2X can include: vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle to pedestrian communication (V2P) or vehicle to network (V2N) communication, etc.

[0100] The wireless communication system provided in this embodiment can be applied to, but is not limited to, at least one of the following communication scenarios: an uplink communication scenario, a downlink communication scenario, and a sidelink communication scenario.

[0101] With the development of communication technology and the expansion of communication needs, the requirements for terminal equipment in terms of overall size, production cost, service life, ease of use, recycling, power consumption, etc. are becoming increasingly higher. The terminal equipment shown in Figure 2 can meet these high requirements.

[0102] FIG2 shows a structural block diagram of a terminal device 210 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The terminal device 210 may be implemented as the terminal device 120 and / or the terminal device 130 shown in FIG1 .

[0103] Terminal device 210 includes a primary receiver 101 and a secondary receiver 103. The secondary receiver 103 consumes less power than the primary receiver 101. The secondary receiver 103 can replace the primary receiver 101 in receiving some signals. This means that operations that would normally be performed by the primary receiver 101 can now be performed by the secondary receiver 103. Furthermore, the primary receiver 101 can remain off unless instructed to do so by the secondary receiver 103, preventing the primary receiver 101 from wasting power when it is not receiving signals or data. Because the secondary receiver 103 consumes less power, its replacement can significantly reduce the overall power consumption of the terminal device, achieving energy savings.

[0104] Furthermore, the terminal device 210 shown in FIG3 can also be used in conjunction with a wake-up signal (WUS) mechanism. If the auxiliary receiver 103 receives a WUS, the main receiver 101 is dynamically awakened. If the auxiliary receiver 103 does not receive a WUS, the main receiver 101 is not awakened, and the main receiver 101 remains in a powered-down state. Since the auxiliary receiver 103 does not need to be turned on or off to save power like the main receiver 101, but can be activated by the WUS at any time and receive wake-up information, compared to the solution where the main receiver 101 receives the WUS, the auxiliary receiver 103 receiving the WUS can reduce power consumption even more. Therefore, the low-power feature of the auxiliary receiver 103 can further enhance the energy-saving effect of the WUS mechanism and further reduce the overall power consumption of the terminal device.

[0105] The primary receiver may also be referred to as a first receiver, and the secondary receiver may also be referred to as a second receiver or a wake-up receiver (WUR). This application does not impose any restrictions on the naming of these two receivers.

[0106] Based on the energy source and usage, the terminal devices 210 can be divided into the following three types:

[0107] (1) Passive devices;

[0108] Passive devices do not require built-in batteries. When a passive device approaches a network device, it is within the near field formed by the radiation from the network device's antenna. For example, the network device is a reader / writer in an RFID system. Therefore, the passive device's antenna generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, which drives the passive device's low-power chip circuit. This enables tasks such as demodulating the forward link signal and modulating the reverse link signal. For backscatter links, passive devices can use backscatter or extremely low-power active transmission to transmit signals. Passive devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward link or the reverse link. Passive devices do not require batteries, and their RF and baseband circuits are very simple. For example, they do not require components such as LNAs, power amplifiers (PAs), crystal oscillators, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). They have many advantages, such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0109] (2) Semi-passive devices;

[0110] Semi-passive devices lack conventional batteries. Instead, they use RF energy harvesting modules to harvest radio wave energy and store it in an energy storage unit, typically a capacitor. This energy is then used to power the semi-passive device's low-power chip circuitry, enabling tasks such as demodulating forward link signals and modulating backward link signals. For backscatter links, semi-passive devices can transmit signals using either backscatter or extremely low-power active transmission.

[0111] Semi-passive devices require no internal batteries for either forward or reverse link operation. Instead, the energy stored in capacitors is derived from radio energy harvested by RF energy harvesting modules. Semi-passive devices inherit many of the advantages of passive devices, including small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0112] (3) Active equipment;

[0113] Active devices can have built-in batteries. These batteries power the active device's low-power chip circuitry, enabling tasks such as demodulating forward link signals and modulating reverse link signals. However, for backscatter links, active devices can use backscatter or extremely low-power active transmission to transmit signals. Therefore, reverse link signal transmission on active devices does not consume the active device's own power, but instead uses backscatter. In active devices, a built-in battery powers the RFID chip, increasing the tag's read and write range and improving communication reliability. Therefore, active devices are suitable for scenarios with relatively high requirements for communication distance and read latency.

[0114] Based on the transmitter type, terminal devices 210 can be divided into the following three types:

[0115] (1) Backscatter-based devices;

[0116] These devices use backscattering, as described above, for uplink data transmission. They lack active transmitters, only backscattering transmitters. Therefore, when these devices transmit uplink data, they require network equipment to provide a carrier. Backscattering is then performed based on the carrier to achieve uplink data transmission.

[0117] (2) Equipment based on active transmitters;

[0118] These devices use active transmitters with active transmission capabilities for uplink data transmission. Therefore, when sending uplink data, these devices can use their own active transmitters to send uplink data without the need for network equipment to provide a carrier. Examples of active transmitters suitable for these devices include ultra-low-power ASK transmitters and ultra-low-power FSK transmitters. Based on current implementations, these transmitters can reduce overall power consumption to 400-600 microwatts when transmitting a 100-microwatt signal.

[0119] (3) Equipment with both backscatter and active transmitters;

[0120] This type of device can support both backscatter and active transmitters. It can determine whether to use backscatter or active transmitters based on different situations (such as different power levels, different available environmental energy levels), or based on network device scheduling.

[0121] The terminal device 210 shown in Figure 2 can also be called: a low-power device, or an ultra-low-power device, or a zero-power device, or a passive IoT device, or an ambient power enabled Internet of Things (Ambient Power Enabled Internet of Things, Ambient IoT / A-IoT) device.

[0122] The communication technology implemented by the terminal device 210 shown in Figure 2 can be called low-power communication technology, or ultra-low-power communication technology, or zero-power communication technology, or Ambient Power Enabled Internet of Things (Ambient IoT / A-IoT) technology, or Passive IoT technology, or zero-power IoT technology.

[0123] A-IoT devices using A-IoT technology can use a variety of environmental energy sources, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy, to power their operations. A-IoT devices can have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity, such as using capacitors with a capacity of tens of microfarads (μF). Compared to other IoT devices, A-IoT devices offer many advantages, including no conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity, low cost, and a long lifespan.

[0124] FIG3 shows a communication system 300 including a terminal device 210 and a network device 110 .

[0125] Terminal device 210 includes primary receiver 101 and secondary receiver 103 as shown in FIG2 . Optionally, terminal device 210 further includes an energy harvesting module 321. Optionally, terminal device 210 further includes a backscatter communication module 322. Optionally, terminal device 210 further includes a logic processing module 323. Optionally, terminal device 210 further includes a sensor module 324. Optionally, terminal device 210 further includes a memory 325. Optionally, in addition to primary receiver 101 and secondary receiver 103, terminal device 210 further includes one or more of energy harvesting module 321, backscatter communication module 322, logic processing module 323, sensor module 324, and memory 325.

[0126] Exemplarily, the energy collection module 321 can collect energy carried by radio waves in space to power the various modules of the terminal device 210. After the terminal device 210 obtains energy, it can receive signals from the network device 110 through the auxiliary receiver 103 and the main receiver 101, and can also send data to the network device 110 through the backscatter communication module 322. The data sent by the terminal device 210 can be data stored by itself (such as an identity identifier or pre-written information, such as the production date, brand, manufacturer, etc. of the product). The sensor module 324 can include various sensors, and the terminal device 210 can report the data collected by various sensors based on a low-power mechanism. The memory 325 is used to store some basic information (such as item identification, etc.) or obtain sensor data such as ambient temperature and ambient humidity.

[0127] The terminal device 210 can use the logic processing module 323 to implement simple signal demodulation, decoding or encoding, modulation and other simple computing tasks, and the hardware design can be very simple, making the terminal device 210 very low in cost and small in size.

[0128] It should be understood that the modules included in the terminal device 210 shown in FIG3 are merely examples and not limitations.

[0129] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of radio frequency power harvesting (RFP) performed by energy harvesting module 321. RF energy harvesting is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. RF module RF, connected in parallel with capacitor C and load resistor RL, collects electromagnetic wave energy from space, generating the energy required to power zero-power devices. This energy is used to drive low-power demodulation modules, modulation modules, sensors, and memory access. Therefore, zero-power devices do not require traditional batteries.

[0130] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of backscatter communication module 322 performing backscatter communication. Terminal device 210 receives wireless signal carrier 131 transmitted by network device 110's transmitter (TX) module 111 using amplifier (AMP) 112. Terminal device 210 modulates wireless signal carrier 131, loads the information to be transmitted using logic processing module 323, and harvests radio frequency energy using energy harvesting module 321. Terminal device 210 radiates modulated reflected signal 132 using antenna 316. This information transmission process is called backscatter communication. Network device 110's receiver (RX) module 113 receives modulated reflected signal 132 using low-noise amplifier (LNA) 114. Backscatter and load modulation are closely related. Load modulation achieves modulation by adjusting and controlling the circuit parameters of the terminal device 210's oscillator circuit according to the data stream's rhythm, causing parameters such as the impedance of the terminal device 210 to change accordingly.

[0131] Load modulation technology mainly includes resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of resistive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, the load resistor RL is connected in parallel with the third resistor R3, and the switch S based on binary code control is turned on or off. The on and off of the third resistor R3 will cause the voltage on the circuit to change. The load resistor RL maintains a parallel connection relationship with the first capacitor C1, the load resistor RL maintains a series connection relationship with the second resistor R2, and the second resistor R2 maintains a series connection relationship with the first inductor L1. The first inductor L1 is coupled with the second inductor L2, and the second inductor L2 maintains a series connection relationship with the second capacitor C2. For example, amplitude shift keying (ASK) can be implemented, that is, the amplitude of the backscattered signal of the terminal device is adjusted to achieve signal modulation and transmission. Similarly, in capacitive load modulation, the resonant frequency of the circuit can be changed by turning the capacitor on and off, realizing frequency shift keying (FSK), that is, the operating frequency of the backscattered signal of the terminal device is adjusted to achieve signal modulation and transmission.

[0132] The terminal device 210 can perform information modulation on the incoming signal by means of load modulation, thereby realizing the backscatter communication process.

[0133] Due to its significant advantages such as extremely low cost, extremely low power consumption, and small size, the communication system shown in Figure 3 can be widely used in various industries, such as logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and electricity, industrial Internet, etc. for vertical industries; it can also be applied to personal applications such as smart wearables and smart homes.

[0134] For example, it is applied to at least the following four scenarios:

[0135] (1) Object recognition, such as logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management;

[0136] (2) Environmental monitoring, such as temperature, humidity, and harmful gas monitoring of the working environment and natural environment;

[0137] (3) Positioning, such as indoor positioning, intelligent object search, and production line item positioning;

[0138] (4) Intelligent control, such as intelligent control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (turning on and off air conditioners, adjusting temperature), and intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation and fertilization).

[0139] The communication system shown in Figure 3 can also meet the communication needs of developing ultra-low-cost, extremely small, battery-free / maintenance-free cellular Internet of Things. For example, IoT technologies such as NarrowBand-Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Machine-Type Communications (MTC), and RedCap face harsh communication environments (such as extreme environments such as high temperature, extremely low temperature, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed movement), extremely small terminal form factors, and extremely low-cost IoT communication needs.

[0140] FIG7 is a schematic diagram showing the encoding method used by the wireless communication system shown in FIG1 or the communication system shown in FIG3. Data transmitted in the wireless communication system shown in FIG1 or the communication system shown in FIG3 can use different forms of codes to represent binary "1" and "0", that is, use different pulse signals to represent "0" and "1". The following encoding methods are introduced here:

[0141] · Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) encoding: Non-Return to Zero encoding uses a high level to represent a binary "1" and a low level to represent a binary "0". Figure 8 shows a level diagram of encoding binary data: 101100101001011 using the NRZ method.

[0142] Manchester encoding: Manchester encoding is also known as split-phase coding. In Manchester encoding, a binary value is represented by a voltage level change (rising or falling) during half a bit period within the bit length. A negative transition during half a bit period represents a binary "1," and a positive transition during half a bit period represents a binary "0." Data transmission errors occur when multiple communicating devices simultaneously transmit data bits with different values, causing the received rising and falling edges to cancel each other, resulting in an uninterrupted carrier signal throughout the entire bit length. Manchester encoding makes it impossible to have an unchanging state within the bit length. The reader can use this error to determine the specific location of the collision. Manchester encoding facilitates data transmission error detection and is commonly used for data transmission from a terminal device (such as an electronic tag) to a reader when using carrier load modulation or backscatter modulation. Figure 8 shows a voltage level diagram for binary data 101100101001011 encoded using the Manchester method.

[0143] Unipolar Return to Zero (URZ) encoding: In URZ encoding, a high level in the first half of a bit period represents a binary "1," while a low level signal throughout the entire bit period represents a binary "1." Figure 8 shows a level diagram of binary data 101100101001011 encoded using the URZ method.

[0144] Differential Binary Phase (DBP) encoding: In DBP encoding, any edge within half a bit period represents a binary "0," while the absence of an edge represents a binary "1." Furthermore, the voltage level is inverted at the beginning of each bit period. This makes the bit clock easier to reconstruct for the receiver. Figure 8 shows a voltage level diagram of the binary data 101100101001011 encoded using the DBP method.

[0145] Miller encoding: In Miller encoding, any edge within half a bit period represents a binary "1," while a constant level throughout the next bit period represents a binary "0." The level transition at the beginning of a bit period makes it easier for the receiver to reconstruct the bit clock. Figure 8 shows a level diagram of the binary data 101100101001011 encoded using the Miller method.

[0146] Differential encoding: In differential encoding, each binary "1" to be transmitted causes a change in the signal level, while for binary "0", the signal level remains unchanged.

[0147] It should be noted that the above encoding method is an example of an encoding method that can be adopted by the wireless communication system shown in FIG. 2 or the communication system shown in FIG. 4 , and is not intended to be limiting.

[0148] The RF and baseband circuits of the terminal device 210 shown in FIG2 or FIG3 can be very simple. For example, all or part of the components such as LNA, PA, crystal oscillator, and ADC are not required. Therefore, the terminal device 210 can have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, long service life, and maintenance-free.

[0149] However, such a design also brings many technical challenges. For example, in order to achieve low complexity of the device and save power consumption of the device, a crystal oscillator is not used as an oscillator, but a simpler oscillator, such as an RC oscillator, an LC oscillator, etc. is used. This type of oscillator is simple to implement and its power consumption is greatly reduced compared to a crystal oscillator. However, its clock and frequency accuracy is poor, for example, the frequency stability is 200ppm (one part per million). When the terminal device 210 operates at 920MHz, a frequency stability of 200ppm will result in an error of 184kHz (900MHz*200*10-6=184kHz). For example, when the terminal device 210 operates at 2400MHz, a frequency stability of 200ppm will result in an error of 480kHz (2400MHz*200*10-6=480kHz). A large frequency offset will not only affect subsequent communication work, but may even deviate from the working channel specified by the frequency specification, causing interference to other devices or systems. For example, the 920MHz to 925MHz ISM band is divided into 20 channels, each with a bandwidth of 250kHz. Therefore, if the frequency offset error is 184kHz, it is easy for the terminal device 210 to deviate from the correct operating channel, resulting in signal transmission and reception errors or interference with other devices on adjacent channels.

[0150] Therefore, it is necessary to design a synchronization solution to ensure that the terminal device 210 shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3 can operate within an accurate time domain range and / or frequency range. The accurate time domain range can be the time domain range configured by the network device, the time domain range agreed upon in the communication protocol, or the time domain range negotiated between the network device and the terminal device. The accurate frequency range can be the frequency range configured by the network device, the frequency range agreed upon in the communication protocol, or the frequency range negotiated between the network device and the terminal device.

[0151] In the embodiments of the present application, "agreement" can be implemented by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in a communication device (such as a terminal device, a network device), and the present application does not limit its specific implementation method. The communication protocol agreement can also be understood as a predefined communication protocol.

[0152] Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a data packet format provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The data packet may be a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) received by the terminal device 210 as shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 .

[0153] The WUR-Synchronization (Sync) field can be used for time domain synchronization and to indicate the data transmission rate, such as indicating whether the data transmission rate is a high rate (High Dynamic Range, HDR) or a low rate (Low Dynamic Range, LDR).

[0154] The WUR-Sync field used to indicate LDR consists of one or two identical W sequences. One W sequence corresponds to 32 bits, and each bit corresponds to a multi-carrier on-off keying (MC-OOK) symbol with a length of 2 μs. For example, the W sequence is shown in formula (3). W = [10100100101110110001011100111000] (3)

[0155] The WUR-Sync field used to indicate HDR is represented by Sequence composition, The sequence is generated by performing a bitwise complement operation on the W sequence. The bitwise complement operation can be understood as making the value of each bit opposite. For example, if the value of the first bit in the W sequence is 0, then after the bitwise complement operation, The first bit in the sequence has a value of 1.

[0156] For example, The sequence is shown in formula (4).

[0157] The WUR-Data field is used to transmit data and can also adopt OOK or MC-OOK modulation.

[0158] Optionally, the bandwidth occupied by the WUR-Sync field and the WUR-Data field is the middle 4 MHz of the frequency domain resources.

[0159] In addition to the WUR-Sync field and the WUR-Data field, the PPDU may also include at least one of the Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), the Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF), the Legacy Signal (L-SIG) field, the Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)-Mark1 field, and the BPSK-Mark2 field. This part of the optional fields can refer to the design in the relevant technology. This part of the optional fields can be compatible with other terminal devices other than the terminal device 210, so that other terminal devices can identify the PPDU and avoid data packet collision.

[0160] FIG9 shows a flow chart of a communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The method is executed by a first node and includes:

[0161] Step 910: Send a first signal, where the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, and the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node.

[0162] In some embodiments, the first number is the same as or different from the second number, that is, the number of the first time domain units is the same as or different from the number of the second time domain units.

[0163] In some embodiments, the signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit is called the second signal, and the signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit is called the third signal. The second signal is associated with the third signal.

[0164] The second signal may also be referred to as a first signal segment or a first sub-signal, and the third signal may also be referred to as a second signal segment or a second sub-signal.

[0165] In some embodiments, the first signal may include a WUR-Sync field and / or a WUR-Data field as shown in FIG. 8 .

[0166] The first node is a sender of the first signal. Exemplarily, in a downlink scenario, the sender refers to a network device (such as the network device shown in FIG1 or FIG3 ); in an uplink scenario, the sender refers to a terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in FIG1 , FIG2 , or FIG3 ); and in a sidelink scenario, the sender refers to a first terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in FIG1 , FIG2 , or FIG3 ).

[0167] Among them, the terminal device shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3 can also be called a low-power device, or an ultra-low-power device, or a zero-power device, or a passive IoT device, or an ambient energy IoT device.

[0168] The second node is a receiver of the first signal. Exemplarily, in a downlink scenario, the receiver refers to a terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3); in an uplink scenario, the receiver refers to a network device (such as the network device shown in Figure 1, Figure 3); and in a sidelink scenario, the receiver refers to a second terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3).

[0169] In this application, synchronization includes time domain synchronization and / or frequency domain synchronization.

[0170] In the present application, the time domain unit includes: at least one of: a frame, a subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, a sub-slot, a symbol, a symbol group, and a unit based on other time domain units.

[0171] The symbols include at least one of the following: Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) symbol, Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) symbol, Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) symbol, On-Off Keying (OOK) symbol, MC-OOK symbol, and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) symbol.

[0172] In some embodiments, the time domain lengths of the first time domain unit and the second time domain unit are the same, or the time domain lengths of the first time domain unit and the second time domain unit are different.

[0173] In summary, in the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first time domain unit can be used for synchronization, and the synchronization effect of the first time domain unit can improve the reception quality of the third signal, ensuring the reception accuracy of the information carried by the third signal. In addition, the time domain resources include the first signal of the first time domain unit, which supports the second node to operate within the accurate time domain range and / or frequency domain range as much as possible, ensuring the transmission quality of the second node and avoiding interference problems between the second node and other devices, thereby improving the overall transmission efficiency and communication quality of the communication system.

[0174] In some embodiments, step 910 may be implemented as step 1010, as shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 shows a flow chart of a communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the method being executed by the first node shown in Figure 9, and the method comprising:

[0175] Step 1010: Send a first signal, the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, the first number of first time domain units are used for synchronization of the second node; wherein the second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is the signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is the signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

[0176] The first node is a sender of the first signal. Optionally, the first signal is sent in a unicast, multicast, or broadcast manner. Exemplarily, in a downlink scenario, the sender refers to a network device (such as the network device shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3); in an uplink scenario, the sender refers to a terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3); in a sidelink scenario, the sender refers to a first terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3).

[0177] The second node is a receiver of the first signal. Optionally, the number of second nodes is one or more. Exemplarily, in a downlink scenario, the receiver refers to a terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3); in an uplink scenario, the receiver refers to a network device (such as the network device shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3); in a sidelink scenario, the receiver refers to a second terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3).

[0178] In some embodiments, the first signal may include a WUR-Sync field and / or a WUR-Data field as shown in FIG. 8 .

[0179] First introduce the first time domain unit and the second time domain unit:

[0180] In some embodiments, the signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit is called the second signal, and the signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit is called the third signal. The second signal is associated with the third signal.

[0181] In some embodiments, the second signal is determined based on at least a portion of the third signal. Alternatively, the second signal is determined based on a portion of the third signal, or the second signal is determined based on the third signal. At least a portion of the third signal can also be considered as at least a portion of the signal associated with the second signal.

[0182] In some embodiments, the second signal is identical to at least a portion of the third signal. Alternatively, the second signal is identical to a portion of the third signal, or the second signal is identical to the third signal.

[0183] In some embodiments, at least part of the third signal is located at the end of the third signal, or at the beginning of the third signal, or at the middle of the third signal.

[0184] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG11 , the second signal within a first time domain unit is determined based on a partial signal located at the end of a third signal within a second time domain unit.

[0185] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the third signal is a continuous signal, which can also be understood as that time domain resources of at least a portion of the third signal are continuous.

[0186] Considering the magnitude of the first quantity and the second quantity, the following describes the cases where the first quantity is equal to the second quantity and the first quantity is not equal to the second quantity:

[0187] Case 1: The first quantity is equal to the second quantity

[0188] In some embodiments, the first number is equal to the second number, that is, the number of first time domain units is the same as the number of second time domain units. Each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit.

[0189] The second time domain unit associated with the first time domain unit is the second time domain unit in which the third signal associated with the second signal in the first time domain unit is located. The third signal associated with the second signal is the third signal that overlaps with the second signal, or the third signal on which the second signal is determined.

[0190] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG12 , the time domain resource of the first signal includes a plurality of first time domain units and a plurality of second time domain units. The second signal within each first time domain unit is determined based on a portion of the third signal within each second time domain unit. Each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit.

[0191] Case 2: The first quantity is not equal to the second quantity

[0192] In some embodiments, the first number is not equal to the second number, that is, the number of first time domain units is different from the number of second time domain units. Each first time domain unit is located before a group of second time domain units, which can also be understood as each first time domain unit is located before the associated group of second time domain units.

[0193] A group of second time domain units includes at least two consecutive second time domain units, and the at least two second time domain units include a second time domain unit associated with the first time domain unit. The second time domain unit associated with the first time domain unit is the second time domain unit in which a third signal associated with the second signal within the first time domain unit is located. The third signal associated with the second signal is a third signal that overlaps with the second signal, or a third signal on which the determination of the second signal is based.

[0194] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG13 , the time domain resources of the first signal include a first time domain units and b second time domain units, where a < b. The second signals within the a first time domain units are determined based on portions of the third signal within the a second time domain units. Each first time domain unit precedes an associated second time domain unit group. A second time domain unit group includes at least two consecutive second time domain units.

[0195] In some embodiments, the first signal in the second number of second time domain units is formed based on a first sequence group, the first sequence group including at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element;

[0196] The value of the first sequence element is the first value, and the value of the second sequence element is the second value.

[0197] In some embodiments, the first signal in the second number of second time domain units is modulated based on the first sequence group.

[0198] In some embodiments, the first sequence group is obtained by encoding the first information, the number of bits corresponding to the first sequence group is X times the number of bits corresponding to the first information, and each bit corresponding to the first information corresponds to at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element.

[0199] In some embodiments, the first information is configured by a network device, or the first information is agreed upon by a communication protocol.

[0200] In some embodiments, the encoding method of the first information is configured by the network device, or the encoding method of the first information is agreed upon by the communication protocol.

[0201] In some embodiments, the first sequence group is configured by a network device, or the first sequence group is agreed upon by a communication protocol.

[0202] In some embodiments, at least one of the following items corresponding to the first sequence group is associated with a capability of the terminal device (which may be implemented as the first node or the second node):

[0203] The number of elements in the first sequence;

[0204] The number of elements in the second sequence;

[0205] the number of elements of the second sequence between two elements of the first sequence;

[0206] • The number of first sequence elements between two second sequence elements.

[0207] In some embodiments, the second signal within the first time domain unit may be implemented as a cyclic prefix (CP) and / or a guard interval (GI).

[0208] In some embodiments, the first number of first time domain units may be used not only for synchronization of the second node but also for reducing or avoiding inter-symbol interference.

[0209] In some embodiments, the number of the first time domain units and / or the number of the second time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device. That is, the first number and / or the second number are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

[0210] In some embodiments, envelope detection results of a second signal and at least a portion of an associated third signal are used for time domain synchronization and / or correlation detection results of a second signal and at least a portion of an associated third signal are used for frequency domain synchronization.

[0211] In some embodiments, envelope detection results of at least a portion of the p second signal groups and the associated third signal groups are used for time domain synchronization and / or correlation detection results of at least a portion of the p second signal groups and the associated third signal groups are used for frequency domain synchronization;

[0212] The p groups of second signals are signals of the first signal in the p groups of first time domain units, and p is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0213] In some embodiments, each group of second signals includes signals of the first signal in at least two first time domain units.

[0214] In some embodiments, there is one second time domain unit between the p groups of first time domain units, or there are multiple second time domain units between the p groups of first time domain units.

[0215] For details on the synchronization based on the first time domain unit, please refer to the relevant content in step 2110 below.

[0216] Next, we introduce the third and fourth time domain units:

[0217] In some embodiments, the time domain resources of the first signal include, in addition to a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, a third number of third time domain units and a fourth number of fourth time domain units, wherein the third number of third time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node. The fourth signal is associated with the fifth signal, where the fourth signal is a signal of the first signal within one third time domain unit, and the fifth signal is a signal of the first signal within one fourth time domain unit.

[0218] The fourth signal may also be referred to as a third signal segment or a third sub-signal, and the fifth signal may also be referred to as a fourth signal segment or a fourth sub-signal.

[0219] In some embodiments, the fifth signal is determined based on at least a portion of the third signal, which can also be understood as the fifth signal being associated with at least a portion of the third signal. Alternatively, the fifth signal is determined based on a portion of the third signal, or the fifth signal is determined based on the third signal.

[0220] In some embodiments, at least part of the fifth signal is located at the end of the fifth signal, or at the beginning of the fifth signal, or at the middle of the fifth signal.

[0221] In some embodiments, the fifth signal is identical to a portion of the third signal, or the fifth signal is identical to the third signal. Alternatively, it may be understood that the signal of the first signal in the fourth number of fourth time domain units is identical to the portion of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units.

[0222] In some embodiments, the signal of the first signal in the fourth number of fourth time domain units is associated with the signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units, or is associated with a portion of the signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units. It can also be understood that the signal of the first signal in the fourth number of fourth time domain units is determined based on the signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units, or is determined based on a portion of the signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units.

[0223] In some embodiments, the signal of the first signal in the fourth number of fourth time domain units is formed based on a second sequence group, the second sequence group including at least one first sequence element;

[0224] The value of the first sequence element is the first value.

[0225] In some embodiments, the fourth number of fourth time domain units are periodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal, or the fourth number of fourth time domain units are aperiodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal.

[0226] In some embodiments, one or more of the number, time domain location, duration (or time duration) of the fourth time domain units, and duration of the associated third time domain units are configured by the network device.

[0227] In some embodiments, one or more of the number, time domain position, duration (or duration) of the fourth time domain units, and the duration of the associated third time domain units are associated with the data to be transmitted. Alternatively, one or more of the number, time domain position, duration (or duration) of the fourth time domain units, and the duration of the associated third time domain units are associated with the data carried by the second time domain units. Alternatively, one or more of the number, time domain position, duration (or duration) of the fourth time domain units, and the duration of the associated third time domain units are associated with the information carried by the second time domain units.

[0228] Exemplarily, the time domain position of the fourth time domain unit is associated with one or more of the rate, coding mode, modulation mode, code length, bandwidth, etc. of the data to be transmitted.

[0229] In some embodiments, the lengths of the third time domain units associated with different fourth time domain units are the same or different.

[0230] In some embodiments, lengths of different fourth time domain units are the same or different.

[0231] In some embodiments, the length of the fourth time domain unit is the same as the length of the second time domain unit, or the length of the fourth time domain unit is K times the length of the second time domain unit, or the length of the fourth time domain unit is 1 / K of the length of the second time domain unit; wherein K is a positive integer.

[0232] In some embodiments, the length of the third time domain unit is the same as or different from the length of the first time domain unit.

[0233] In some embodiments, the length of the third time domain unit satisfies at least one of the following:

[0234] ·Agreed by the communication protocol;

[0235] Configured by network devices;

[0236] Capability association with the terminal device (which may be implemented as the first node or the second node);

[0237] associated with a transmission rate of the first signal;

[0238] ·Associated with the subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain resources of the first signal.

[0239] In some embodiments, the number of the third time domain units is the same as the number of the fourth time domain units, that is, the third number is the same as the fourth number. Each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit.

[0240] The fourth time domain unit associated with the third time domain unit is the fourth time domain unit in which the fifth signal associated with the fourth signal in the third time domain unit is located. The fifth signal associated with the fourth signal is the fifth signal that overlaps with the fourth signal, or the fifth signal on which the fourth signal is determined.

[0241] In some embodiments, the number of the third time domain units is less than the number of the fourth time domain units, that is, the third number is less than the fourth number. Each third time domain unit is located before a group of fourth time domain units, which can also be understood as each third time domain unit is located before the associated group of fourth time domain units.

[0242] A group of fourth time domain units includes at least two consecutive fourth time domain units, and the at least two fourth time domain units include a fourth time domain unit associated with the third time domain unit. The fourth time domain unit associated with the third time domain unit is the fourth time domain unit in which the fifth signal associated with the fourth signal within the third time domain unit is located. The fifth signal associated with the fourth signal is the fifth signal that overlaps with the fourth signal, or the fifth signal on which the determination of the fourth signal is based.

[0243] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG14 , the fourth signal within a third time domain unit is determined based on a portion of the fifth signal within a fourth time domain unit located at the end. As shown in FIG14( a ), each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit. Alternatively, as shown in FIG14( b ), each third time domain unit is located before an associated fourth time domain unit group, where a fourth time domain unit group includes at least two consecutive fourth time domain units.

[0244] In some embodiments, the starting position of a third time domain unit is the ending position of a second time domain unit, or the starting position of a third time domain unit is the ending position of a fourth time domain unit, or the starting position of a third time domain unit is the middle position of a second time domain unit.

[0245] In some embodiments, the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is equal to the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit. Alternatively, the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is less than the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit. Alternatively, the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is greater than the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit.

[0246] Figures 15 to 17 illustrate the configuration of the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit in some embodiments. It should be noted that in Figures 15 to 17, the time domain length of the third time domain unit is smaller than the time domain length of the fourth time domain unit, but this does not limit the relationship between the time domain lengths of the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit. The time domain length of the third time domain unit can be equal to or greater than the time domain length of the fourth time domain unit.

[0247] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG15(a), the starting position of a third time domain unit S3(0) is the ending position of a second time domain unit S2(0), and the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit S3(0) and its associated fourth time domain unit S4(0) is equal to the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit.

[0248] For example, as shown in FIG15( b ), the starting position of a third time domain unit S3(0) is the ending position of a second time domain unit S2(0), and the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit S3(0) and its associated fourth time domain unit S4(0) is greater than the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit. For example, the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is K times the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit, where K is greater than 1.

[0249] For example, as shown in FIG15(c), the starting position of a third time domain unit S3(0) is the ending position of a second time domain unit S2(0), and the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit S3(0) and its associated fourth time domain unit S4(0) is less than the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit. For example, the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is 1 / K times the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit, where K is less than 1.

[0250] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG16( a ), the starting position of a third time domain unit S3(1) is the ending position of a fourth time domain unit S4(0), and the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is equal to the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit.

[0251] For example, as shown in FIG16( b ), the starting position of a third time domain unit S3(1) is the ending position of a fourth time domain unit S4(0), and the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is greater than the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit. For example, the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is K times the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit, where K is greater than 1.

[0252] For example, as shown in FIG16(c), the starting position of a third time domain unit S3(1) is the ending position of a fourth time domain unit S4(0), and the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is less than the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit. For example, the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is 1 / K times the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit, where K is less than 1.

[0253] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG17(a), the starting position of a third time domain unit S3(0) is the middle position of a second time domain unit S2(1), and the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit S3(0) and its associated fourth time domain unit S4(0) is equal to the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit S1(0) and its associated second time domain unit S2(0).

[0254] For example, as shown in FIG17( b ), the starting position of a third time domain unit S3(0) is the middle position of a second time domain unit S2(1), and the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit S3(0) and its associated fourth time domain unit S4(0) is greater than the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit S1(0) and its associated second time domain unit S2(0). For example, the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is K times the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit, where K is greater than 1.

[0255] For example, as shown in FIG17(c), the starting position of a third time domain unit S3(0) is the middle position of a second time domain unit S2(1), and the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit S3(0) and its associated fourth time domain unit S4(0) is less than the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit S1(0) and its associated second time domain unit S2(0). For example, the sum of the time domain lengths of a third time domain unit and its associated fourth time domain unit is 1 / K times the sum of the time domain lengths of a first time domain unit and its associated second time domain unit, where K is less than 1.

[0256] It should be noted that, in FIG17 , when the starting position of the third time domain unit is the middle position of the second time domain unit, the starting position of the third time domain unit can be 1 / 2 of the second time domain unit, or 1 / 3, 1 / 4, 1 / 5, etc. In other words, the starting position of the third time domain unit is at the end position of an incomplete second time domain unit.

[0257] In some embodiments, the first signal is formed by puncturing at least one third time domain unit, and / or the first signal is formed by puncturing at least one fourth time domain unit.

[0258] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG18 , the time domain resources of the first signal include a first time domain units, b second time domain units, c third time domain units, and d fourth time domain units. Each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit, and each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit. The starting position of each third time domain unit is the ending position of a second time domain unit. Puncturing is performed at each third time domain unit and fourth time domain unit, that is, data, synchronization information, indication information, etc. are not transmitted in each third time domain unit and fourth time domain unit.

[0259] In some embodiments, the two second time domain units correspond to two adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group; or, the two second time domain units correspond to two non-adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group. The number of third time domain units between the two second time domain units is 1.

[0260] For example, as shown in FIG19(a), the first sequence group is "11010", and there is a third time domain unit between the second time domain unit 3 and the second time domain unit 4. The second time domain unit 3 and the fourth time domain unit 4 correspond to the third bit (value "0") and the fourth bit (value "1") in the first sequence group. Therefore, the scheme shown in FIG19(a) can be understood as follows: when the third time domain unit and / or the fourth time domain unit are punctured, the transmission of data, synchronization information, indication information, etc. can be delayed.

[0261] For example, as shown in FIG19( b ), the first sequence group is "11010," and there is a third time domain unit between the second time domain unit 3 and the second time domain unit 5. The second time domain unit 3 and the fourth time domain unit 5 correspond to the third bit (value "0") and the fifth bit (value "0") in the first sequence group. Therefore, the scheme shown in FIG19( b ) can be understood as follows: when the third time domain unit and / or the fourth time domain unit are punctured, the transmission of data, synchronization information, indication information, etc. is not delayed.

[0262] In some embodiments, the number of the third time domain units and / or the number of the fourth time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device. That is, the third number and / or the fourth number are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

[0263] In some embodiments, envelope detection results of a fourth signal and at least a portion of an associated fifth signal are used for time domain synchronization; and / or, correlation detection results of a fourth signal and at least a portion of an associated fifth signal are used for frequency domain synchronization.

[0264] In some embodiments, envelope detection results of the q groups of fourth signal groups and at least a portion of the signals in the associated fifth signal group are used for time domain synchronization; and / or correlation detection results of the q groups of fourth signal groups and at least a portion of the signals in the associated fifth signal group are used for frequency domain synchronization;

[0265] The q fourth signal groups are signals of the first signal in the q third time domain unit groups, and q is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0266] In some embodiments, each fourth signal group includes signals of the first signal in at least two third time domain units.

[0267] In some embodiments, there is one fourth time domain unit between the q groups of third time domain units, or there are multiple fourth time domain units between the q groups of third time domain units.

[0268] For details on the synchronization based on the third time domain unit, please refer to the relevant content in step 2110 below.

[0269] In summary, in the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first time domain unit can be used for synchronization. The synchronization effect of the first time domain unit can improve the reception quality of the third signal and ensure the reception accuracy of the information carried by the third signal. In addition, the time domain resources include the first signal of the first time domain unit, which supports the second node to operate in the accurate time domain range and / or frequency domain range as much as possible, ensuring the transmission quality of the second node and avoiding interference problems between the second node and other devices, thereby improving the overall transmission efficiency and communication quality of the communication system. In addition, the third time domain unit can also be used for synchronization. The synchronization effect of the third time domain unit can improve the reception quality of the fifth signal and ensure the reception accuracy of the information carried by the fifth signal. The fourth signal and the fifth signal can serve as reference signals during the reception process of the first signal, further ensuring the reception accuracy of the information carried by the third signal. The time domain resources include the first signal of the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit, which supports the second node to further perform time-frequency synchronization during the reception of the first signal, ensuring the calibration degree of the first signal in the time domain / frequency during the reception process, and avoiding the first signal from continuously deviating in the time domain / frequency during the reception process, which affects the reception quality of the first signal. The design of the first and third time domain units both improves synchronization performance, enhancing the transmission quality and efficiency of the first signal. In addition, various configuration options for the first, second, third, and fourth time domain units are provided to meet synchronization requirements in various communication scenarios.

[0270] FIG20 shows a flow chart of a communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The method is performed by the second node and includes:

[0271] Step 2010: Receive a first signal, where the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, and the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node.

[0272] In some embodiments, the first number is the same as or different from the second number, that is, the number of the first time domain units is the same as or different from the number of the second time domain units.

[0273] In some embodiments, the signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit is called the second signal, and the signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit is called the third signal. The second signal is associated with the third signal.

[0274] The second signal may also be referred to as a first signal segment or a first sub-signal, and the third signal may also be referred to as a second signal segment or a second sub-signal.

[0275] In some embodiments, the first signal may be implemented as a WUR-Sync field and / or a WUR-Data field as shown in FIG. 9 .

[0276] The second node is a receiver of the first signal. Exemplarily, in a downlink scenario, the receiver refers to a terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3); in an uplink scenario, the receiver refers to a network device (such as the network device shown in Figure 1, Figure 3); and in a sidelink scenario, the receiver refers to a second terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3).

[0277] Among them, the terminal device shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3 can also be called a low-power device, or an ultra-low-power device, or a zero-power device, or a passive IoT device, or an ambient energy IoT device.

[0278] The first node is a sender of the first signal. Exemplarily, in a downlink scenario, the sender refers to a network device (such as the network device shown in FIG1 or FIG3 ); in an uplink scenario, the sender refers to a terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in FIG1 , FIG2 , or FIG3 ); and in a sidelink scenario, the sender refers to a first terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in FIG1 , FIG2 , or FIG3 ).

[0279] In this application, synchronization includes time domain synchronization and / or frequency domain synchronization.

[0280] In the present application, the time domain unit includes at least one of a frame, a subframe, a time slot, a mini time slot, a sub time slot, a symbol, a symbol group, and a unit based on other time domain units.

[0281] In some embodiments, the time domain lengths of the first time domain unit and the second time domain unit are the same, or the time domain lengths of the first time domain unit and the second time domain unit are different.

[0282] In summary, in the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first time domain unit can be used for synchronization, and the synchronization effect of the first time domain unit can improve the reception quality of the third signal, ensuring the reception accuracy of the information carried by the third signal. The time domain resources include the first signal of the first time domain unit, which supports the second node to operate within the accurate time domain range and / or frequency domain range as much as possible, ensuring the transmission quality of the second node, and avoiding interference problems between the second node and other devices, thereby improving the overall transmission efficiency and communication quality of the communication system.

[0283] In some embodiments, step 2010 may be implemented as step 2110, as shown in Figure 21. Figure 21 shows a flow chart of a communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the method being performed by the second node shown in Figure 20, and the method comprising:

[0284] Step 2110: Receive a first signal, the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, the first number of first time domain units are used for synchronization of the second node; wherein, the second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is the signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is the signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

[0285] The second node is a receiver of the first signal. Optionally, the number of second nodes is one or more. Exemplarily, in a downlink scenario, the receiver refers to a terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3); in an uplink scenario, the receiver refers to a network device (such as the network device shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3); in a sidelink scenario, the receiver refers to a second terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3).

[0286] The first node is a sender of the first signal. Optionally, the first signal is sent in a unicast, multicast, or broadcast manner. Exemplarily, in a downlink scenario, the sender refers to a network device (such as the network device shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3); in an uplink scenario, the sender refers to a terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3); in a sidelink scenario, the sender refers to a first terminal device (such as the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3).

[0287] In some embodiments, the first signal may be implemented as a WUR-Sync field and / or a WUR-Data field as shown in FIG. 8 .

[0288] For the relevant contents of the first time domain unit and the second time domain unit, reference may be made to step 1010 and will not be repeated here.

[0289] Next, we will introduce how the first time domain unit is used for synchronization:

[0290] 1. Synchronization based on a first time domain unit

[0291] In some embodiments, the second node performs time-frequency synchronization based on a first time domain unit. It can also be understood that the second node performs time domain synchronization based on a second signal within a first time domain unit.

[0292] Optionally, the second node performs envelope detection on the second signal within a first time domain unit and at least a portion of the signal associated with the second signal, and performs time domain synchronization based on the envelope detection result. Optionally, the second node performs envelope detection on the second signal within a first time domain unit and at least a portion of the signal associated with the second signal, obtains clock information, performs time domain calibration on the first signal based on the obtained clock information, and receives and / or detects the first signal based on the calibrated time domain resources.

[0293] Optionally, the second node performs correlation detection on the second signal within a first time domain unit and at least a portion of the signal associated with the second signal, and performs frequency domain synchronization based on the correlation detection result. Optionally, the second node performs correlation detection on the second signal within a first time domain unit and at least a portion of the signal associated with the second signal, compares the correlation peak size (such as the "synchronization method one" described above) or obtains the correlation angle (such as the "synchronization method two" described above), and based on the comparison result of the correlation peak size or the size of the correlation angle, estimates and calibrates the frequency offset of the first signal, and receives and / or detects the first signal based on the calibrated frequency domain resources.

[0294] The at least partial signal associated with the second signal refers to a third signal in the second time domain unit associated with the first time domain unit where the second signal is located, and is used to determine at least a partial signal of the second signal.

[0295] Exemplarily, the time domain resource of the first signal includes several first time domain units and several second time domain units, wherein the second signal in any first time domain unit and at least a portion of its associated signal can be used for time-frequency synchronization.

[0296] Optionally, the first time domain units used for time domain synchronization and frequency domain synchronization are the same or different. For example, as shown in FIG22(a), based on the second signal in a certain first time domain unit and at least part of the signal associated therewith, an envelope detection result and a correlation detection result are obtained, the envelope detection result is used for time domain synchronization, and the correlation detection result is used for frequency domain synchronization. For another example, as shown in FIG22(b), based on the second signal in a first time domain unit and at least part of the signal associated therewith, an envelope detection result is obtained, the envelope detection result is used for time domain synchronization, and based on the second signal in another first time domain unit and at least part of the signal associated therewith, a correlation detection result is obtained, and the correlation detection result is used for frequency domain synchronization.

[0297] 2. Synchronization based on multiple first time domain units

[0298] In some embodiments, the second node performs time-frequency synchronization based on multiple first time domain units, which can also be understood as the second node performing time domain synchronization based on multiple second signals, where the multiple second signals are signals of the first signal within multiple first time domain units.

[0299] In some embodiments, the plurality of first time domain units may be divided into one first time domain unit group, or divided into multiple first time domain unit groups. In other words, the second node may be considered to be synchronized based on one first time domain unit group or multiple first time domain unit groups.

[0300] Next, synchronization is introduced through the concept of the first time domain unit group:

[0301] First, let's introduce the design of the first time domain unit group:

[0302] In some embodiments, a group of first time domain units includes at least two first time domain units, and there is one second time domain unit between the at least two first time domain units, or there are multiple second time domain units.

[0303] Exemplarily, as shown in Figure 23(a), the time domain resources of the first signal include several first time domain units and several second time domain units, each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit, and there is a second time domain unit between at least two first time domain units in a group of first time domain units.

[0304] Exemplarily, as shown in Figure 23(b), the time domain resources of the first signal include several first time domain units and several second time domain units, each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit, and there are multiple second time domain units between at least two first time domain units in a group of first time domain units.

[0305] Exemplarily, as shown in Figure 24(a), the time domain resources of the first signal include several first time domain units and several second time domain units, each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit group, and there are multiple second time domain units between at least two first time domain units in a group of first time domain unit groups, and these multiple second time domain units belong to the same group of second time domain unit groups.

[0306] Exemplarily, as shown in Figure 24(b), the time domain resources of the first signal include several first time domain units and several second time domain units, each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit group, and there are multiple second time domain units between at least two first time domain units in a group of first time domain unit groups. These multiple second time domain units belong to different second time domain unit groups. For example, the multiple second time domain units include the second time domain units in the second time domain unit group 1 and the second time domain unit group 2.

[0307] Figures 23 and 24 can actually be understood as designing the time domain interval between at least two first time domain units. The time domain interval between at least two first time domain units within a group of first time domain units can be shorter, such as by being reflected by a smaller number of second time domain units, and / or by being reflected by a second time domain unit with a shorter duration. The time domain interval between at least two first time domain units within a group of first time domain units can be longer, such as by being reflected by a larger number of second time domain units, and / or by being reflected by a second time domain unit with a longer duration.

[0308] Optionally, at least two first time domain units within a group of first time domain units are periodically distributed in the time domain, that is, the time domain interval between at least two first time domain units within a group of first time domain units is fixed. Alternatively, at least two first time domain units within a group of first time domain units are aperiodically distributed in the time domain.

[0309] Optionally, the number of first time domain units in a group of first time domain units is agreed upon by a network protocol, configured by a network device, determined autonomously by a terminal device, or determined through negotiation between the network device and the terminal device.

[0310] Optionally, the time domain interval between each first time domain unit in a group of first time domain units is agreed upon by a network protocol, configured by a network device, determined autonomously by a terminal device, or determined through negotiation between the network device and the terminal device.

[0311] Next, we introduce the design of multiple groups of first time domain units:

[0312] Each first time domain unit group in the multiple first time domain unit groups can refer to the designs of Figures 23 and 24. Optionally, the number of first time domain units in different first time domain unit groups is the same or different. Optionally, the number of second time domain units between the first time domain units in different first time domain unit groups is the same or different. Optionally, the time domain intervals between the first time domain units in different first time domain unit groups are the same or different.

[0313] 25 , the time domain resources of the first signal include several first time domain units and several second time domain units, wherein the first signal in the p groups of first time domain units and at least part of the signals associated therewith can be used for time-frequency synchronization.

[0314] Optionally, there is a group of second time domain unit groups between each of the p groups of first time domain unit groups, that is, no other first time domain unit groups exist between two adjacent first time domain unit groups, as shown in FIG25(a). Alternatively, there are multiple groups of second time domain unit groups between different first time domain unit groups in the p groups of first time domain unit groups, as shown in FIG25(b).

[0315] Figure 25 can actually be understood as designing the time domain interval between at least two first time domain unit groups. The time domain interval between at least two first time domain unit groups in the p-group first time domain unit group can be shorter, such as by being embodied by a smaller number of second time domain units and / or by being embodied by a second time domain unit with a shorter duration. The time domain interval between at least two first time domain unit groups in the p-group first time domain unit group can be longer, such as by being embodied by a larger number of second time domain units and / or by being embodied by a second time domain unit with a longer duration.

[0316] Optionally, the multiple groups of first time domain unit groups are periodically distributed in the time domain, that is, the time domain intervals between the first time domain unit groups are fixed. Alternatively, the multiple groups of first time domain unit groups are aperiodically distributed in the time domain.

[0317] Optionally, the number of the first time domain unit groups is agreed upon by a network protocol, or configured by a network device, or determined autonomously by a terminal device, or determined by negotiation between the network device and the terminal device.

[0318] Optionally, the time domain intervals between the first time domain unit groups are agreed upon by a network protocol, configured by a network device, determined autonomously by a terminal device, or determined through negotiation between the network device and the terminal device.

[0319] Then, the synchronization based on the first time domain unit group is introduced:

[0320] In some embodiments, the second node performs time-frequency synchronization based on p groups of first time domain unit groups, where p is an integer greater than or equal to 1. It can also be understood that the second node performs time-domain synchronization based on p groups of second signal groups, where the p groups of second signal groups include signals of the first signal within the p groups of first time domain unit groups.

[0321] Optionally, the second node performs envelope detection on the p-group second signal group and at least a portion of the signals associated with the p-group second signal group, and performs time domain synchronization based on the envelope detection result. Optionally, the second node performs envelope detection on the p-group second signal group and at least a portion of the signals associated with the p-group second signal group, obtains clock information, performs time domain calibration on the first signal based on the obtained clock information, and receives and / or detects the first signal based on the calibrated time domain resources.

[0322] Optionally, the second node performs correlation detection on the p-group second signal group and at least a portion of the signals associated with the p-group second signal group, and performs frequency domain synchronization based on the correlation detection result. Optionally, the second node performs correlation detection on the p-group second signal group and at least a portion of the signals associated with the p-group second signal group, compares the correlation peak size (such as the "synchronization method one" described above) or obtains the correlation angle (such as the "synchronization method two" described above), and based on the comparison result of the correlation peak size or the size of the correlation angle, estimates and calibrates the frequency offset of the first signal, and receives and / or detects the first signal based on the calibrated frequency domain resources.

[0323] The at least partial signal associated with the p-group second signal group refers to the third signal in the second time domain unit respectively associated with the p-group first time domain unit group where the p-group second signal group is located, and is used to determine at least partial signal of the second signal.

[0324] Optionally, the first time domain unit groups used for time domain synchronization and frequency domain synchronization are the same. For example, as shown in FIG26(a), envelope detection results and correlation detection results are obtained based on the first signals within the two first time domain unit groups and at least a portion of the signals associated therewith. The envelope detection results are used for time domain synchronization, and the correlation detection results are used for frequency domain synchronization.

[0325] Optionally, the first time domain unit groups used for time domain synchronization and frequency domain synchronization are different. The difference here can refer to the difference in quantity, that is, the number of first time domain unit groups used for time domain synchronization is not equal to the number of first time domain unit groups used for frequency domain synchronization. The difference here can also refer to the difference in time domain position, that is, the time domain position of the first time domain unit group used for time domain synchronization does not completely overlap with the time domain position of the first time domain unit group used for frequency domain synchronization. Of course, the difference here can also refer to the difference in both quantity and time domain position. For example, as shown in Figure 26 (b), an envelope detection result is obtained based on the first signal in two groups of first time domain unit groups and at least part of the signal associated with it, and the envelope detection result is used for time domain synchronization. A correlation detection result is obtained based on the first signal in three groups of first time domain unit groups and at least part of the signal associated with it, and the correlation detection result is used for frequency domain synchronization. Among them, the time domain positions of the two groups of first time domain unit groups and the three groups of first time domain unit groups may overlap, or may not overlap. Figure 26 (b) takes the absence of overlap as an example.

[0326] In some embodiments, the time domain resources of the first signal include, in addition to a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, a third number of third time domain units and a fourth number of fourth time domain units, wherein the third number of third time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node. The fourth signal is associated with the fifth signal, where the fourth signal is a signal of the first signal within one third time domain unit, and the fifth signal is a signal of the first signal within one fourth time domain unit.

[0327] For the relevant contents of the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit, reference may be made to step 1010 and will not be repeated here.

[0328] Next, we will introduce how the third time domain unit is used for synchronization:

[0329] 1. Synchronization based on a third time domain unit

[0330] In some embodiments, the second node performs time-frequency synchronization based on a third time domain unit. It can also be understood that the second node performs time domain synchronization based on a fourth signal within a third time domain unit.

[0331] Optionally, the second node performs envelope detection on a fourth signal within a third time domain unit and at least a portion of a signal associated with the fourth signal, and performs time domain synchronization based on the envelope detection result. Optionally, the second node performs envelope detection on a fourth signal within a third time domain unit and at least a portion of a signal associated with the fourth signal, obtains clock information, performs time domain calibration based on the obtained clock information, and receives and / or detects signals after the third time domain unit based on the calibrated time domain resources.

[0332] Optionally, the second node performs correlation detection on a fourth signal within a third time domain unit and at least a portion of the signal associated with the fourth signal, and performs frequency domain synchronization based on the correlation detection result. Optionally, the second node performs correlation detection on a fourth signal within a third time domain unit and at least a portion of the signal associated with the fourth signal, compares the correlation peak size (such as the "synchronization method one" described above) or obtains the correlation angle (such as the "synchronization method two" described above), performs frequency offset estimation and calibration based on the comparison result of the correlation peak size or the size of the correlation angle, and receives and / or detects the signal after the third time domain unit based on the calibrated frequency domain resources.

[0333] The at least partial signal associated with the fourth signal refers to the at least partial signal used to determine the fourth signal in the fifth signal in the fourth time domain unit associated with the third time domain unit where the fourth signal is located.

[0334] Exemplarily, the time domain resources of the first signal include, in addition to the plurality of first time domain units and the plurality of second time domain units, a plurality of third time domain units and a plurality of fourth time domain units, wherein the fourth signal within any third time domain unit and at least a portion of its associated signal can be used for time-frequency synchronization.

[0335] Optionally, the third time domain units used for time domain synchronization and frequency domain synchronization are the same or different. For example, based on the fourth signal in a certain third time domain unit and at least part of the signal associated with it, an envelope detection result and a correlation detection result are obtained, the envelope detection result is used for time domain synchronization, and the correlation detection result is used for frequency domain synchronization. For another example, based on the fourth signal in a third time domain unit and at least part of the signal associated with it, an envelope detection result is obtained, the envelope detection result is used for time domain synchronization, and based on the fourth signal in another third time domain unit and at least part of the signal associated with it, a correlation detection result is obtained, and the correlation detection result is used for frequency domain synchronization.

[0336] 2. Synchronization based on multiple third time domain units

[0337] In some embodiments, the second node performs time-frequency synchronization based on multiple third time domain units, which can also be understood as the second node performing time domain synchronization based on multiple fourth signals, where the multiple fourth signals are signals of the first signal within multiple third time domain units.

[0338] In some embodiments, the plurality of third time domain units may be divided into one third time domain unit group, or divided into multiple third time domain unit groups. In other words, the second node may be considered to be synchronized based on one third time domain unit group or multiple third time domain unit groups.

[0339] Next, synchronization is introduced through the concept of the third time domain unit group:

[0340] First, let's introduce a set of designs within the third time domain unit group:

[0341] In some embodiments, a group of third time domain units includes at least two third time domain units. There is a fourth time domain unit between the at least two third time domain units, or there are multiple fourth time domain units. For specific examples, please refer to Figures 23 and 24.

[0342] In some embodiments, the time domain interval between at least two third time domain units in a group of third time domain units may be shorter, for example, the number of fourth time domain units between at least two third time domain units is smaller, and / or the duration of the fourth time domain unit between at least two third time domain units is shorter.

[0343] In some embodiments, the time domain interval between at least two third time domain units in a group of third time domain units may be longer, for example, the number of fourth time domain units between at least two third time domain units is larger, and / or the duration of the fourth time domain unit between at least two third time domain units is longer.

[0344] Optionally, at least two third time domain units within a group of third time domain units are periodically distributed in the time domain, that is, the time domain interval between at least two third time domain units within a group of third time domain units is fixed. Alternatively, at least two third time domain units within a group of third time domain units are aperiodically distributed in the time domain.

[0345] Optionally, the number of third time domain units in a group of third time domain units is agreed upon by a network protocol, configured by a network device, determined autonomously by a terminal device, or determined through negotiation between the network device and the terminal device.

[0346] Optionally, the time domain interval between each third time domain unit in a group of third time domain units is agreed upon by a network protocol, configured by a network device, determined autonomously by a terminal device, or determined through negotiation between the network device and the terminal device.

[0347] Next, we introduce the design of multiple groups of third time domain units:

[0348] Each third time domain unit group in the plurality of third time domain unit groups may refer to the designs of FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 . Optionally, the number of third time domain units in different third time domain unit groups is the same or different. Optionally, the number of fourth time domain units between the third time domain units in different third time domain unit groups is the same or different. Optionally, the time domain intervals between the third time domain units in different third time domain unit groups are the same or different.

[0349] In some embodiments, the time domain resources of the first signal include, in addition to the plurality of first time domain units and the plurality of second time domain units, a plurality of third time domain units and a plurality of fourth time domain units. The fourth signal within the q groups of third time domain units and at least a portion of the associated signals can be used for time-frequency synchronization.

[0350] Optionally, there is one fourth time domain unit between each of the q third time domain unit groups, or there are multiple fourth time domain units between different third time domain unit groups in the q third time domain unit groups.

[0351] In some embodiments, the time domain interval between at least two of the q third time domain unit groups may be shorter, for example, the number of fourth time domain units between the at least two third time domain unit groups is smaller, and / or the duration of the fourth time domain unit between the at least two third time domain unit groups is shorter. The time domain interval between at least two of the q third time domain unit groups may be longer, for example, the number of fourth time domain units between the at least two third time domain unit groups is larger, and / or the duration of the fourth time domain unit between the at least two third time domain unit groups is longer.

[0352] Optionally, the multiple groups of third time domain unit groups are periodically distributed in the time domain, that is, the time domain intervals between the third time domain unit groups are fixed. Alternatively, the multiple groups of third time domain unit groups are aperiodically distributed in the time domain.

[0353] Optionally, the number of the third time domain unit groups is agreed upon by a network protocol, or configured by a network device, or determined autonomously by a terminal device, or determined by negotiation between the network device and the terminal device.

[0354] Optionally, the time domain intervals between each third time domain unit group are agreed upon by a network protocol, configured by a network device, independently determined by a terminal device, or determined by negotiation between the network device and the terminal device.

[0355] Then, the synchronization based on the third time domain unit group is introduced:

[0356] In some embodiments, the second node performs time-frequency synchronization based on q third time domain unit groups, where q is an integer greater than or equal to 1. It can also be understood that the second node performs time-domain synchronization based on q fourth signal groups, where the q fourth signal groups include signals of the first signal within the q third time domain unit groups.

[0357] Optionally, the second node performs envelope detection on the q fourth signal groups and at least a portion of the signals associated with the q fourth signal groups, and performs time domain synchronization based on the envelope detection result. Optionally, the second node performs envelope detection on the q fourth signal groups and at least a portion of the signals associated with the q fourth signal groups, obtains clock information, performs time domain calibration on the first signal based on the obtained clock information, and receives and / or detects the first signal based on the calibrated time domain resources.

[0358] Optionally, the second node performs correlation detection on the q fourth signal groups and at least a portion of the signals associated with the q fourth signal groups, and performs frequency domain synchronization based on the correlation detection results. Optionally, the second node performs correlation detection on the q fourth signal groups and at least a portion of the signals associated with the q fourth signal groups, compares the correlation peak sizes (such as the "synchronization method one" described above) or obtains the correlation angle (such as the "synchronization method two" described above), and based on the comparison result of the correlation peak sizes or the size of the correlation angle, estimates and calibrates the frequency offset of the first signal, and receives and / or detects the first signal based on the calibrated frequency domain resources.

[0359] Among them, at least part of the signals associated with the q-group fourth signal group refers to the fifth signals in the fourth time domain unit respectively associated with the q-group third time domain unit group where the q-group fourth signal group is located, and is used to determine at least part of the fourth signal.

[0360] Optionally, the third time domain unit group used for time domain synchronization and frequency domain synchronization is the same.

[0361] Optionally, the third time domain unit groups used for time domain synchronization and frequency domain synchronization are different. The difference here can refer to the difference in quantity, that is, the number of third time domain unit groups used for time domain synchronization is not equal to the number of third time domain unit groups used for frequency domain synchronization. The difference here can also refer to the difference in time domain position, that is, the time domain position of the third time domain unit group used for time domain synchronization does not completely overlap with the time domain position of the third time domain unit group used for frequency domain synchronization. Of course, the difference here can also refer to both the difference in quantity and the difference in time domain position.

[0362] It should be noted that the first time domain unit is used for synchronization before receiving and / or detecting the first signal, and the third time domain unit can be used for synchronization before receiving and / or detecting the first signal, and can also be used for synchronization during the process of receiving and / or detecting the first signal. In other words, before receiving and / or detecting the first signal, the second node can use the first time domain unit and / or the third time domain unit to perform calibration in the time and frequency domain to ensure the overall reception quality of the first signal, and during the process of receiving and / or detecting the first signal, the second node can also use the third time domain unit to perform calibration in the time and frequency domain.

[0363] If the first signal experiences time or frequency deviation during reception, one or more third time domain units can be used to periodically perform time and frequency deviation calibration during the reception process. This prevents the time and frequency deviation from snowballing and significantly varying reception quality of the first signal at different time domain locations, thereby ensuring the reception quality of all components of the first signal. This third time domain unit ensures signal / data synchronization during reception, improving signal / data transmission quality, particularly for devices using simple oscillators or when the received signal / data occupies a long time domain.

[0364] In summary, in the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first time domain unit can be used for synchronization. The synchronization effect of the first time domain unit can improve the reception quality of the third signal and ensure the reception accuracy of the information carried by the third signal. In addition, the time domain resources include the first signal of the first time domain unit, which supports the second node to operate in the accurate time domain range and / or frequency domain range as much as possible, ensuring the transmission quality of the second node and avoiding interference problems between the second node and other devices, thereby improving the overall transmission efficiency and communication quality of the communication system. In addition, the third time domain unit can also be used for synchronization. The synchronization effect of the third time domain unit can improve the reception quality of the fifth signal and ensure the reception accuracy of the information carried by the fifth signal. The fourth signal and the fifth signal can serve as reference signals during the reception process of the first signal, further ensuring the reception accuracy of the information carried by the third signal. The time domain resources include the first signal of the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit, which supports the second node to further perform time-frequency synchronization during the reception of the first signal, ensuring the calibration degree of the first signal in the time domain / frequency during the reception process, and avoiding the first signal from continuously deviating in the time domain / frequency during the reception process, which affects the reception quality of the first signal. The design of the first and third time domain units both improves synchronization performance, enhancing the transmission quality and efficiency of the first signal. In addition, various configuration options for the first, second, third, and fourth time domain units are provided to meet synchronization requirements in various communication scenarios.

[0365] Regarding the encoding method of the first signal:

[0366] As previously mentioned, in some embodiments, the first signal in the second time domain unit is formed based on a first sequence group, which is encoded using the first information. Each bit of the first information corresponds to at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element. Therefore, one bit of the first information corresponds to at least two second time domain units, and the third signals in the at least two second time domain units are different. Therefore, the second signals in the at least two second time domain units can be considered to be encoded based on the same bit of the first information.

[0367] Exemplarily, the first information includes at least one of data information, control information, configuration information, synchronization information, and indication information.

[0368] In an embodiment of the present application, the encoding of the first signal may adopt the encoding method shown in FIG7 , such that each bit of the first information corresponds to at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element. For example, each bit of the first information corresponds to one first sequence element and one second sequence element, or each bit of the first information corresponds to x first sequence elements and y second sequence elements. Where x is an integer greater than 1, and y is an integer greater than 1, and x and y may be equal or different.

[0369] In the embodiment of the present application, the value of the first sequence element is "1", the value of the second sequence element is "0", and each bit of the first information corresponds to a first sequence element with a value of "1" and a second sequence element with a value of "0".

[0370] In the embodiment of the present application, the modulation of the first signal may adopt one or more of OFDM modulation, QPSK modulation, ASK modulation, FSK modulation, OOK modulation, MC-OOK modulation, and QAM modulation. The following uses OOK modulation as an example for illustrative description.

[0371] Assume that the bit sequence of the first information is "101...". After encoding, the first bit B0 corresponds to a first sequence element with a value of "1" and a second sequence element with a value of "0." After modulation, the first sequence element with a value of "1" and the second sequence element with a value of "0" exhibit different waveforms. That is, the third signal corresponding to the first sequence element with a value of "1" is different from the third signal corresponding to the second sequence element with a value of "0." Similarly, after encoding, the second bit B1 corresponds to a second sequence element with a value of "0" and a first sequence element with a value of "1." The third bit B2 corresponds to a first sequence element with a value of "1" and a second sequence element with a value of "0."

[0372] Taking the example of a first sequence element with a value of "1" corresponding to an OOK-ON symbol and a second sequence element with a value of "0" corresponding to an OOK-OFF symbol, Figure 27 shows a schematic diagram of encoding in which each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit, and Figure 28 shows a schematic diagram of encoding in which each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit group. In particular, every two second time domain units correspond to the same bit in the first information.

[0373] As mentioned above, in some embodiments, the time domain resources of the first signal include not only a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, but also a third number of third time domain units and a fourth number of fourth time domain units.

[0374] In some embodiments, the signal of the first signal in the fourth number of fourth time domain units is associated with the signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units, or is associated with a portion of the signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units. It can also be understood that the signal of the first signal in the fourth number of fourth time domain units is determined based on the signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units, or is determined based on a portion of the signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units.

[0375] In some embodiments, the signal of the first signal in the fourth number of fourth time domain units is formed based on a second sequence group, the second sequence group including at least one first sequence element;

[0376] The value of the first sequence element is the first value.

[0377] 27 and 28 , if the first sequence element having a value of “1” corresponds to an OOK-ON symbol, then when each third time domain unit precedes the associated fourth time domain unit, each fourth time domain unit corresponds to an OOK-ON symbol.

[0378] Taking the case where the value of the first sequence element is "1", the value of the second sequence element is "0", and each bit of the first information corresponds to a first sequence element with a value of "1" and a second sequence element with a value of "0" as an example, Figure 29 shows a first signal schematic diagram in which each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit based on Figure 27, and Figure 30 shows a first signal schematic diagram in which each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit group based on Figure 28.

[0379] The above-described content regarding the encoding method can be flexibly combined with the first signal mentioned in each embodiment of step 910, step 1010, step 2010, and step 2110. Alternatively, the above-described content regarding the encoding method can be applied to the first signal involved in step 910, step 1010, step 2010, and step 2110.

[0380] Design of periodic distribution for the fourth time domain unit:

[0381] As mentioned above, in some embodiments, the fourth number of fourth time domain units are periodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal, or the fourth number of fourth time domain units are aperiodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal.

[0382] First, the periodic distribution design of the fourth time domain unit is introduced when each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit:

[0383] 1. In one case, as shown in FIG18 or FIG19 , data, synchronization information, and indication information are not transmitted in the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit.

[0384] It can also be understood that the puncturing process is performed on the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit. Then, as shown in FIG31 or FIG32 , the puncturing process is performed periodically on the fourth time domain unit.

[0385] Figure 31 shows a schematic diagram of puncturing in which each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit. Specifically, Figure 31(a) illustrates a case where two second time domain units correspond to two adjacent sequence elements in a first sequence group, i.e., data, synchronization information, indication information, etc. can be deferred for transmission after puncturing. Figure 31(b) illustrates a case where two second time domain units correspond to two non-adjacent sequence elements in a first sequence group, i.e., data, synchronization information, indication information, etc. are not deferred for transmission after puncturing.

[0386] Figure 32 shows a schematic diagram of puncturing in which each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit group. Figure 32(a) illustrates a case where two second time domain units correspond to two adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group, i.e., data, synchronization information, indication information, etc. can be deferred for transmission after puncturing. Figure 32(b) illustrates a case where two second time domain units correspond to two non-adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group, i.e., data, synchronization information, indication information, etc. are not deferred for transmission after puncturing.

[0387] 2. In another case, as shown in FIG. 29 or 30 , the same information is transmitted in every fourth time domain unit.

[0388] It can also be understood that the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit are periodically inserted into the time domain resource composed of the first time domain unit and the second time domain unit.

[0389] Taking the first sequence element corresponding to the OOK-ON symbol as an example, as shown in Figure 33, the fourth time domain unit is periodically implemented as an OOK-ON symbol. Figure 33(a) shows the case where each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit. Figure 33(b) shows the case where each third time domain unit is located in the associated fourth time domain unit group.

[0390] The fourth time domain unit is periodically implemented as an OOK-ON symbol and includes at least the following two:

[0391] Method 1: Replace the encoded bits

[0392] If the first information is encoded to obtain a first sequence group, then the sequence elements in the first sequence group are periodically replaced with the first sequence elements. As shown in Figure 34 , the sequence group A obtained after encoding is "1101001011". Assuming a period of three sequence elements, the sequence group B is obtained by periodically replacing the sequence elements to obtain "1111011011". The replaced sequence group B is modulated, for example, by inputting sequence group B into a waveform generator to obtain the first signal.

[0393] Method 2: Replace the modulated signal

[0394] If the first information is encoded to obtain a first sequence group, the first sequence group is modulated to obtain signal A, and the signal of signal A within the second time domain unit is periodically replaced with the signal corresponding to the first sequence element. As shown in Figure 35, the sequence group A obtained after encoding is "1101001011". After modulation, signal A is obtained. Assuming a period of three second time domain units, signal B is obtained by periodically replacing the signal within the second time domain unit with an OOK-ON signal. For example, during the modulation process, signal B is obtained by periodically switching the state in the waveform generator, or by periodically replacing the OOK signal in the modulated signal A.

[0395] In some embodiments, after periodically implementing the fourth time domain unit as an OOK-ON symbol using the aforementioned method 1 or method 2, the second node needs to eliminate the influence of the fourth time domain unit when decoding the first signal to accurately interpret the first information. This can also be understood as requiring the second node to restore the replaced first signal to the first information during decoding.

[0396] As previously mentioned, the first signal in the second time domain unit is formed based on the first sequence group, which is encoded from the first information. Each bit of the first information corresponds to at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element. Therefore, one bit of the first information corresponds to at least two second time domain units, and the third signals in these at least two second time domain units are different. Therefore, the second signals in these at least two second time domain units can be considered to be encoded based on the same bit of the first information.

[0397] Assume that one bit of the first information corresponds to two sequence elements after encoding, and the two sequence elements are respectively mapped to two OKK symbols after modulation. That is, one bit of the first information corresponds to two OKK symbols. These two OOK symbols are not the same, one is an OOK-ON symbol and the other is an OOK-OFF symbol, as shown in Figure 27 or Figure 28.

[0398] In some embodiments, the network device indicates the location of the fourth time domain unit to the terminal device, or the communication protocol stipulates the location of the fourth time domain unit, or the network device and the terminal device negotiate to determine the location of the fourth time domain unit. Therefore, the first node and the second node know the location of the fourth time domain unit.

[0399] As shown in FIG34 or FIG35 , the first signal received by the second node appears as an OOK-ON symbol in the third time domain unit and also appears as an OOK-ON symbol in the fourth time domain unit. The second node knows that the third time domain unit, i.e., the fourth time domain unit, is known to the second node. In other words, the second node knows that the signal in the third time domain unit is "replaced."

[0400] Since the signal in the fourth time domain unit is not "replaced," that is, the OOK-ON symbol corresponding to the fourth time domain unit is consistent with the first information. Furthermore, since the third and fourth time domain units correspond to the same bit in the first information, the OOK symbols presented by the third and fourth time domain units should be different. Therefore, the second node can decode the OOK symbol presented by the third time domain unit into the bit information corresponding to OOK-OFF based on the OOK-ON symbol presented by the fourth time domain unit.

[0401] Simply put, the signal received by the second node in the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit is presented by [OOK-ON OOK-ON]. However, the second node can eliminate the influence of the fourth time domain unit and decode [OOK-ON OOK-ON] into the bit information corresponding to [OOK-OFF OOK-ON].

[0402] The periodic distribution design for the fourth time domain unit described above can be flexibly combined with the first signal mentioned in each embodiment of step 910, step 1010, step 2010, and step 2110. Alternatively, the periodic distribution design for the fourth time domain unit described above can be applied to the first signal involved in steps 910, step 1010, step 2010, and step 2110.

[0403] The periodic distribution of the fourth time domain unit causes the reception process of the first signal to be periodically affected by the synchronization of the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit, and can periodically correct the time-frequency offset in the reception process of the first signal, thereby ensuring the overall reception quality of the first signal and the reception accuracy of the information carried by the third signal.

[0404] First signal design for terminal devices with different capabilities:

[0405] As mentioned above, in some embodiments, at least one of the following items corresponding to the first sequence group is associated with the capability of the terminal device:

[0406] The number of elements in the first sequence;

[0407] The number of elements in the second sequence;

[0408] the number of elements of the second sequence between two elements of the first sequence;

[0409] • The number of first sequence elements between two second sequence elements.

[0410] In some embodiments, the length of the first time domain unit and / or the length of the second time domain unit is associated with the capability of the terminal device.

[0411] In some embodiments, the number of the first time domain units and / or the number of the second time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device. That is, the first number and / or the second number are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

[0412] In some embodiments, the length of the third time domain unit and / or the length of the fourth time domain unit is associated with the capability of the terminal device.

[0413] In some embodiments, the number of the third time domain units and / or the number of the fourth time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device. That is, the third number and / or the fourth number are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

[0414] In some embodiments, the stronger the capability of the terminal device, the more sequence elements included in the first sequence group supported by the terminal device, and / or the more first time domain units supported by the terminal device, and / or the more second time domain units supported by the terminal device, and / or the more third time domain units supported by the terminal device, and / or the more fourth time domain units supported by the terminal device, and / or the longer the duration of the first signal, and / or the longer the duration of the first time domain unit, and / or the longer the duration of the second time domain unit, and / or the longer the duration of the third time domain unit, and / or the longer the duration of the fourth time domain unit. Thus, the synchronization accuracy is higher and the transmission quality of the first signal is better.

[0415] In some embodiments, terminal devices with different capabilities receive or send different first signals. The different first signals include differences in one or more of the following aspects: the number of first sequence elements, the number of second sequence elements, the number of second sequence elements between two first sequence elements, the number of first sequence elements between two second sequence elements, the number of first time domain units, the number of second time domain units, the number of third time domain units, the number of fourth time domain units, the duration of the first signal, the duration of the first time domain unit, the duration of the second time domain unit, the duration of the third time domain unit, and the duration of the fourth time domain unit.

[0416] The capabilities of a terminal device include its synchronization capability. This synchronization capability can also be understood as its ability to perform time offset calibration and / or frequency offset estimation and / or frequency offset calibration. Exemplarily, the synchronization capability of a terminal device includes the measurement window size or number of detection time domain units supported by the terminal device. The measurement window size can also be referred to as the detection window size.

[0417] For example, as shown in Figure 36, a first signal design supported by two terminal devices with different capabilities is shown. For example, each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit, and the first time domain unit is the GI before the second time domain unit, and the second time domain unit is an OOK symbol, and the third time domain unit is the GI before the fourth time domain unit, and the fourth time domain unit is an OOK-ON symbol.

[0418] 36( a ) shows the measurement window of terminal 1. The measurement window supported by terminal 1 is 12 symbols, that is, the terminal device supports time-frequency synchronization based on a GI of at most 12 consecutive OOK symbols.

[0419] Figure 36(b) shows the measurement window of terminal 2. The measurement window supported by terminal 2 is 8 symbols, that is, the terminal device supports time-frequency synchronization based on a GI of at most 8 consecutive OOK symbols.

[0420] Therefore, it can be considered that the capability of terminal 1 is superior to that of terminal 2.

[0421] Then, when the first signal is sent to terminal 1, or when terminal 1 sends the first signal, the time domain resources of the first signal may include a larger number of time domain units, and the duration of each time domain unit may also be longer. When the first signal is sent to terminal 2, or when terminal 2 sends the first signal, the time domain resources of the first signal may include a smaller number of time domain units, and the duration of each time domain unit may also be shorter. Simply put, compared to terminal 2, terminal 1 supports receiving or sending first signals with longer durations to achieve higher-precision synchronization.

[0422] The first signal designs for terminal devices with different capabilities described above can be flexibly combined with the first signals mentioned in various embodiments in step 910, step 1010, step 2010, and step 2110. Alternatively, the first signal designs for terminal devices with different capabilities described above can be applied to the first signals involved in step 910, step 1010, step 2010, and step 2110.

[0423] Designing targeted first signals for terminal devices with different capabilities makes the first signal more compatible with the terminal device, and the transmission of the first signal is more consistent with the capabilities of the terminal device, which helps to improve resource utilization efficiency and the transmission quality of the first signal.

[0424] Design of the second time domain unit group:

[0425] As mentioned above, in some embodiments, each first time domain unit is located before a group of second time domain units. Different second time domain unit groups may include the same or different numbers of second time domain units.

[0426] It is assumed here that each group of second time domain units includes N second time domain units, where N is an integer greater than 1.

[0427] It is understandable that the third signals corresponding to each second time domain unit in these N second time domain units may all be the same or may be different. Taking the OOK symbol as an example, there may be both OOK-ON symbols and OOK-OFF symbols in the N second time domain units. However, the OOK-OFF symbol is more difficult to perform envelope detection and / or correlation detection, and the waveform presented by the OOK-OFF symbol has greater difficulties and lower accuracy when performing envelope detection and / or correlation detection. Therefore, it is understandable that it is desired to use the OOK-ON symbol for synchronization as much as possible to improve the accuracy of the synchronization result.

[0428] As mentioned above, the second signal in the first time domain unit can be determined based on a portion of the third signal in the second time domain unit. This portion of the signal can be located at the beginning, middle, or end of the third signal, or any continuous portion within the third signal. It is assumed here that this portion of the signal is located at the end of the third signal. Then, as shown in Figure 13, Figure 14, or Figure 30, the second signal in the first time domain unit can be determined based on a portion of the signal located at the end of a group of second time domain units, that is, the signal at the end of the last second time domain unit in the N second time domain units is used to determine the second signal.

[0429] Considering the desire to use OOK-ON symbols for synchronization as much as possible, it is understandable that the last second time domain unit among the N second time domain units is set as the OOK-ON symbol.

[0430] Therefore, in some embodiments, the last second time domain unit in each group of second time domain units corresponds to the first sequence element, that is, the third signal of the first signal in the last second time domain unit in each group of second time domain units is a signal modulated based on the first sequence element. Exemplarily, the last second time domain unit in each group of second time domain units corresponds to an OOK-ON symbol, or the last second time domain unit in every N second time domain units corresponds to an OOK-ON symbol.

[0431] Similarly, if the second signal is determined based on a portion of the third signal, and this portion of the signal is located in the starting part, then making the first second time domain unit in each group of second time domain units correspond to the first sequence element, for example, making the first second time domain unit in each group of second time domain units correspond to the OOK-ON symbol, will be more conducive to improving the accuracy of the synchronization results.

[0432] The above-described design for the second time-domain unit group can be flexibly combined with the first signal mentioned in each embodiment of step 910, step 1010, step 2010, and step 2110. Alternatively, the above-described design for the second time-domain unit group can be applied to the first signal involved in step 910, step 1010, step 2010, and step 2110.

[0433] Figure 37 shows a flow chart of a communication method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. This method is schematically illustrated by taking as an example a method executed by a network device as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3 and a terminal device as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2 or Figure 3, and the network device is implemented as a first node as shown in Figure 9 or Figure 10, and the terminal device is implemented as a second node as shown in Figure 20 or Figure 21. The method includes at least some of the following steps:

[0434] Step 3701: The terminal device reports capability information to the network device;

[0435] The capability information is used to indicate the synchronization capability of the terminal device. Exemplarily, the capability information includes a measurement window size supported by the terminal device.

[0436] It should be noted that step 3701 is an optional step.

[0437] Step 3702: The network device sends a first signal;

[0438] In some embodiments, the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, and the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node.

[0439] For relevant contents of the first time domain unit and the second time domain unit, reference may be made to step 910, step 1010, step 2010, and step 2110, which will not be repeated here.

[0440] In some embodiments, the time domain resources of the first signal further include a third number of third time domain units and a fourth number of fourth time domain units, and the third number of third time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node.

[0441] For the relevant contents of the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit, reference may be made to step 910, step 1010, step 2010, and step 2110, which will not be repeated here.

[0442] In some embodiments, the first signal is sent by the network device in a unicast manner, or in a multicast manner, or in a broadcast manner.

[0443] In some embodiments, the network device sends different first signals to different terminal devices. Optionally, the network device configures the first signal to the terminal device based on received capability information and / or communication protocol and / or service requirements. For more information, please refer to "First Signal Design for Terminal Devices with Different Capabilities" and will not be further elaborated here.

[0444] Step 3703: The terminal device is synchronized based on the first signal.

[0445] In some embodiments, the terminal device performs synchronization based on the first time domain unit and / or the third time domain unit included in the time domain resources of the first signal, and receives and / or detects the first signal based on the synchronization result.

[0446] In some embodiments, the terminal device performs synchronization in the process of receiving and / or detecting the first signal based on the third time domain unit included in the time domain resources of the first signal.

[0447] For related content, please refer to step 910, step 1010, step 2010, and step 2110, which will not be repeated here.

[0448] In summary, in the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first time domain unit can be used for synchronization, and the synchronization effect of the first time domain unit can improve the reception quality of the third signal and ensure the reception accuracy of the information carried by the third signal. The time domain resources include the first signal of the first time domain unit to support the second node to operate in the accurate time domain range and / or frequency domain range as much as possible, ensuring the transmission quality of the second node and avoiding interference problems between the second node and other devices, thereby improving the overall transmission efficiency and communication quality of the communication system. In addition, the third time domain unit can also be used for synchronization. The time domain resources include the first signal of the third time domain unit to support the second node in the process of receiving the first signal. It can also further perform time-frequency synchronization, ensuring the calibration degree of the first signal in the time domain / frequency during the reception process, avoiding the first signal from continuously deviating in the time domain / frequency during the reception process, and affecting the reception quality of the first signal. The design of the first time domain unit and the third time domain unit both improves the synchronization performance and improves the transmission quality and transmission efficiency of the first signal. In addition, a variety of setting schemes between the first time domain unit, the second time domain unit, the third time domain unit and the fourth time domain unit are provided to meet the synchronization requirements in various communication scenarios. In addition, it supports network equipment to configure a more reasonable and targeted first signal based on the capabilities of the terminal equipment, so that the time domain units included in the time domain resources of the first signal are more in line with the synchronization capabilities of the terminal equipment, so as to improve the accuracy of the synchronization results of the terminal equipment, and thereby improve the reception quality of the first signal.

[0449] Figure 38 shows a block diagram of a communication device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. This device can be implemented as a first node as shown in Figure 9 or Figure 10, or as a portion of a first node as shown in Figure 9 or Figure 10. The first node can be a network device as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3, or a terminal device as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, or Figure 3. The device includes a sending module 3710. Optionally, the device also includes a receiving module 3730 and / or at least some of the modules in the processing module 3750.

[0450] A sending module 3710 is configured to send a first signal, where the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, where the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node;

[0451] The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

[0452] In some embodiments, the second signal is determined based on at least a portion of the third signal.

[0453] In some embodiments, at least part of the third signal is located at the end of the third signal, or at the beginning of the third signal, or at the middle of the third signal.

[0454] In some embodiments, the number of the first time domain units is the same as the number of the second time domain units, and each first time domain unit precedes the associated second time domain unit.

[0455] In some embodiments, the number of the first time domain units is less than the number of the second time domain units, and each first time domain unit is located before a group of second time domain units;

[0456] The group of second time domain units includes at least two consecutive second time domain units, and the at least two second time domain units include a second time domain unit associated with a first time domain unit.

[0457] In some embodiments, the signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units is formed based on a first sequence group, the first sequence group including at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element;

[0458] The value of the first sequence element is a first value, and the value of the second sequence element is a second value.

[0459] In some embodiments, the first sequence group is obtained by encoding first information, the number of bits corresponding to the first sequence group is X times the number of bits corresponding to the first information, and each bit corresponding to the first information corresponds to at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element.

[0460] In some embodiments, the first sequence group is configured by a network device or agreed upon by a communication protocol.

[0461] In some embodiments, at least one of the following items corresponding to the first sequence group is associated with the capability of the terminal device: the number of the first sequence elements; the number of the second sequence elements; the number of the second sequence elements between two of the first sequence elements; the number of the first sequence elements between two of the second sequence elements.

[0462] In some embodiments, the time domain resources of the first signal further include a third number of third time domain units and a fourth number of fourth time domain units, and the third number of third time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node;

[0463] The fourth signal is associated with the fifth signal, the fourth signal is a signal of the first signal in a third time domain unit, and the fifth signal is a signal of the first signal in a fourth time domain unit.

[0464] In some embodiments, the fifth signal is determined based on at least a portion of the third signal.

[0465] In some embodiments, the first signal in the fourth number of fourth time domain units is formed based on a second sequence group, the second sequence group includes at least one first sequence element; wherein the value of the first sequence element is a first value.

[0466] In some embodiments, the fourth signal is determined based on at least a portion of the fifth signal.

[0467] In some embodiments, at least part of the fifth signal is located at the end of the fifth signal, or at the beginning of the fifth signal, or at the middle of the fifth signal.

[0468] In some embodiments, the first signal is formed by puncturing at least one third time domain unit, and / or the first signal is formed by puncturing at least one fourth time domain unit.

[0469] In some embodiments, the fourth number of fourth time domain units are periodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal, or the fourth number of fourth time domain units are aperiodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal.

[0470] In some embodiments, the lengths of the third time domain units associated with different fourth time domain units are the same or different.

[0471] In some embodiments, lengths of different fourth time domain units are the same or different.

[0472] In some embodiments, the length of the fourth time domain unit is the same as the length of the second time domain unit, or the length of the fourth time domain unit is K times the length of the second time domain unit, or the length of the fourth time domain unit is 1 / K of the length of the second time domain unit;

[0473] Wherein, K is a positive integer.

[0474] In some embodiments, the length of the third time domain unit is the same as or different from the length of the first time domain unit.

[0475] In some embodiments, the length of the third time domain unit satisfies at least one of the following: agreed upon by the communication protocol; configured by the network device; associated with the capability of the terminal device; associated with the transmission rate of the first signal; associated with the subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain resources of the first signal.

[0476] In some embodiments, the number of the third time domain units is the same as the number of the fourth time domain units, and each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit.

[0477] In some embodiments, the number of the third time domain units is less than the number of the fourth time domain units, and each third time domain unit is located before a group of fourth time domain units;

[0478] The group of fourth time domain units includes at least two consecutive fourth time domain units, and the at least two fourth time domain units include the fourth time domain unit associated with each third time domain unit.

[0479] In some embodiments, the starting position of a third time domain unit is the ending position of a second time domain unit; or, the starting position of a third time domain unit is in the middle position of a second time domain unit; or, the starting position of a third time domain unit is at the ending position of a fourth time domain unit.

[0480] In some embodiments, the number of the third time domain units and / or the number of the fourth time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

[0481] In some embodiments, envelope detection results of the q groups of fourth signals and at least part of the associated fifth signals are used for time domain synchronization; and / or correlation detection results of the q groups of fourth signals and at least part of the associated fifth signals are used for frequency domain synchronization;

[0482] The q groups of fourth signals are signals of the first signal in q groups of third time domain units, where q is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0483] In some embodiments, each group of fourth signals includes signals of the first signal in at least two third time domain units.

[0484] In some embodiments, there is one fourth time domain unit between the q groups of third time domain units, or there are multiple fourth time domain units between the q groups of third time domain units.

[0485] In some embodiments, the two second time domain units correspond to two adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group; or, the two second time domain units correspond to two non-adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group;

[0486] The number of the third time domain units between the two second time domain units is 1, and the waveform of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units is formed based on the first sequence group.

[0487] In some embodiments, the number of the first time domain units and / or the number of the second time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

[0488] In some embodiments, envelope detection results of the p groups of second signals and at least part of the associated third signals are used for time domain synchronization; and / or correlation detection results of the p groups of second signals and at least part of the associated third signals are used for frequency domain synchronization;

[0489] The p groups of second signals are signals of the first signal in p groups of first time domain units, and p is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0490] In some embodiments, each group of second signals includes signals of the first signal in at least two first time domain units.

[0491] In some embodiments, there is one second time domain unit between the p groups of first time domain units, or there are multiple second time domain units between the p groups of first time domain units.

[0492] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a receiving module 3730 configured to receive signals and / or data from a terminal device. Exemplarily, the receiving module 3730 is configured to receive capability information from the terminal device.

[0493] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a processing module 3750 for generating a first signal.

[0494] In some embodiments, the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application includes a sending module 3710, which supports the execution of all sending steps performed by the first node in the above-mentioned embodiments, such as step 910 and step 1010.

[0495] In some embodiments, the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application includes multiple sending modules 3710, and the multiple sending modules 3710 respectively support the execution of part of the sending steps performed by the first node in each of the above embodiments.

[0496] In some embodiments, the steps performed by different sending modules 3710 are exactly the same, partially the same, or completely different.

[0497] In some embodiments, the device provided by the embodiments of the present application includes a processing module 3750, which supports the execution of all processing-related steps, all generation-related steps, and all determination-related steps performed by the first node in the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0498] In some embodiments, the device provided by the embodiments of the present application includes multiple processing modules 3750, which respectively support the execution of some processing-related steps, some determination-related steps, and some generation-related steps performed by the first node in each of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0499] In some embodiments, the steps performed by different processing modules 3750 are exactly the same, partially the same, or completely different.

[0500] In some embodiments, the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application includes a receiving module 3730, which supports the execution of all the receiving steps performed by the first node in each of the above embodiments.

[0501] In some embodiments, the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application includes multiple receiving modules 3730, and the multiple receiving modules 3730 respectively support the execution of part of the receiving steps performed by the first node in each of the above embodiments.

[0502] In some embodiments, the steps performed by different receiving modules 3730 are exactly the same, partially the same, or completely different.

[0503] In summary, in the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application, the first time domain unit can be used for synchronization. The synchronization effect of the first time domain unit can improve the reception quality of the third signal and ensure the accuracy of receiving the information carried by the third signal. Furthermore, the time domain resources including the first signal of the first time domain unit support the second node to operate within the accurate time domain range and / or frequency domain range as much as possible, ensuring the transmission quality of the second node and avoiding interference between the second node and other devices, thereby improving the overall transmission efficiency and communication quality of the communication system. Furthermore, the third time domain unit can also be used for synchronization. The synchronization effect of the third time domain unit can improve the reception quality of the fifth signal and ensure the accuracy of receiving the information carried by the fifth signal. The fourth and fifth signals can serve as reference signals during the reception of the first signal, further ensuring the accuracy of receiving the information carried by the third signal. The time domain resources including the first signal of the third and fourth time domain units support the second node to further perform time-frequency synchronization during the reception of the first signal, ensuring the degree of calibration of the first signal in the time domain / frequency during the reception process, and avoiding the first signal from continuously deviating in the time domain / frequency during the reception process, which affects the reception quality of the first signal. The design of the first and third time domain units both improves synchronization performance, enhancing the transmission quality and efficiency of the first signal. In addition, various configuration options for the first, second, third, and fourth time domain units are provided to meet synchronization requirements in various communication scenarios.

[0504] FIG39 shows a block diagram of a communication device for synchronization provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The device can be implemented as a second node as shown in FIG20 or FIG21, or as a portion of a second node as shown in FIG20 or FIG21. The second node can be a network device as shown in FIG1 or FIG3, or a terminal device as shown in FIG1, FIG2, or FIG3. The device includes a receiving module 3810. Optionally, the device also includes a sending module 3830 and / or at least some of the modules in the processing module 3850.

[0505] A receiving module 3810 is configured to receive a first signal, where the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, where the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of a second node;

[0506] The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

[0507] In some embodiments, the second signal is determined based on at least a portion of the third signal.

[0508] In some embodiments, at least part of the third signal is located at the end of the third signal, or at the beginning of the third signal, or at the middle of the third signal.

[0509] In some embodiments, the number of the first time domain units is the same as the number of the second time domain units, and each first time domain unit precedes the associated second time domain unit.

[0510] In some embodiments, the number of the first time domain units is less than the number of the second time domain units, and each first time domain unit is located before a group of second time domain units;

[0511] The group of second time domain units includes at least two consecutive second time domain units, and the at least two second time domain units include a second time domain unit associated with a first time domain unit.

[0512] In some embodiments, the signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units is formed based on a first sequence group, the first sequence group including at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element;

[0513] The value of the first sequence element is a first value, and the value of the second sequence element is a second value.

[0514] In some embodiments, the first sequence group is obtained by encoding first information, the number of bits corresponding to the first sequence group is X times the number of bits corresponding to the first information, and each bit corresponding to the first information corresponds to at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element.

[0515] In some embodiments, the first sequence group is configured by a network device or agreed upon by a communication protocol.

[0516] In some embodiments, at least one of the following items corresponding to the first sequence group is associated with the capability of the terminal device: the number of the first sequence elements; the number of the second sequence elements; the number of the second sequence elements between two of the first sequence elements; the number of the first sequence elements between two of the second sequence elements.

[0517] In some embodiments, the time domain resources of the first signal further include a third number of third time domain units and a fourth number of fourth time domain units, and the third number of third time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node;

[0518] The fourth signal is associated with the fifth signal, the fourth signal is a signal of the first signal in a third time domain unit, and the fifth signal is a signal of the first signal in a fourth time domain unit.

[0519] In some embodiments, the fifth signal is determined based on at least a portion of the third signal.

[0520] In some embodiments, the first signal in the fourth number of fourth time domain units is formed based on a second sequence group, the second sequence group includes at least one first sequence element; wherein the value of the first sequence element is a first value.

[0521] In some embodiments, the fourth signal is determined based on at least a portion of the fifth signal.

[0522] In some embodiments, at least part of the fifth signal is located at the end of the fifth signal, or at the beginning of the fifth signal, or at the middle of the fifth signal.

[0523] In some embodiments, the first signal is formed by puncturing at least one third time domain unit, and / or the first signal is formed by puncturing at least one fourth time domain unit.

[0524] In some embodiments, the fourth number of fourth time domain units are periodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal, or the fourth number of fourth time domain units are aperiodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal.

[0525] In some embodiments, the lengths of the third time domain units associated with different fourth time domain units are the same or different.

[0526] In some embodiments, lengths of different fourth time domain units are the same or different.

[0527] In some embodiments, the length of the fourth time domain unit is the same as the length of the second time domain unit, or the length of the fourth time domain unit is K times the length of the second time domain unit, or the length of the fourth time domain unit is 1 / K of the length of the second time domain unit;

[0528] Wherein, K is a positive integer.

[0529] In some embodiments, the length of the third time domain unit is the same as or different from the length of the first time domain unit.

[0530] In some embodiments, the length of the third time domain unit satisfies at least one of the following: agreed upon by the communication protocol; configured by the network device; associated with the capability of the terminal device; associated with the transmission rate of the first signal; associated with the subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain resources of the first signal.

[0531] In some embodiments, the number of the third time domain units is the same as the number of the fourth time domain units, and each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit.

[0532] In some embodiments, the number of the third time domain units is less than the number of the fourth time domain units, and each third time domain unit is located before a group of fourth time domain units;

[0533] The group of fourth time domain units includes at least two consecutive fourth time domain units, and the at least two fourth time domain units include the fourth time domain unit associated with each third time domain unit.

[0534] In some embodiments, the starting position of a third time domain unit is the ending position of a second time domain unit; or, the starting position of a third time domain unit is in the middle position of a second time domain unit; or, the starting position of a third time domain unit is at the ending position of a fourth time domain unit.

[0535] In some embodiments, the number of the third time domain units and / or the number of the fourth time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

[0536] In some embodiments, envelope detection results of the q groups of fourth signals and at least part of the associated fifth signals are used for time domain synchronization; and / or correlation detection results of the q groups of fourth signals and at least part of the associated fifth signals are used for frequency domain synchronization;

[0537] The q groups of fourth signals are signals of the first signal in q groups of third time domain units, where q is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0538] In some embodiments, each group of fourth signals includes signals of the first signal in at least two third time domain units.

[0539] In some embodiments, there is one fourth time domain unit between the q groups of third time domain units, or there are multiple fourth time domain units between the q groups of third time domain units.

[0540] In some embodiments, the two second time domain units correspond to two adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group; or, the two second time domain units correspond to two non-adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group;

[0541] The number of the third time domain units between the two second time domain units is 1, and the waveform of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units is formed based on the first sequence group.

[0542] In some embodiments, the number of the first time domain units and / or the number of the second time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

[0543] In some embodiments, envelope detection results of the p groups of second signals and at least part of the associated third signals are used for time domain synchronization; and / or correlation detection results of the p groups of second signals and at least part of the associated third signals are used for frequency domain synchronization;

[0544] The p groups of second signals are signals of the first signal in p groups of first time domain units, and p is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0545] In some embodiments, each group of second signals includes signals of the first signal in at least two first time domain units.

[0546] In some embodiments, there is one second time domain unit between the p groups of first time domain units, or there are multiple second time domain units between the p groups of first time domain units.

[0547] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a sending module 3830 for sending signals and / or data. Exemplarily, the sending module 3830 is configured to send capability information to the network device.

[0548] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a processing module 3850 for performing synchronization based on the first signal.

[0549] In some embodiments, the processing module 3850 is configured to perform time domain synchronization and / or frequency domain synchronization based on the first time domain unit.

[0550] In some embodiments, the processing module 3850 is configured to perform time domain synchronization and / or frequency domain synchronization based on the third time domain unit.

[0551] In some embodiments, the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application includes a receiving module 3810, which supports the execution of all receiving steps performed by the second node in the above-mentioned embodiments, such as step 2010 and step 2110.

[0552] In some embodiments, the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application includes multiple receiving modules 3810, and the multiple receiving modules 3810 respectively support the execution of part of the receiving steps performed by the second node in each of the above embodiments.

[0553] In some embodiments, the steps performed by different receiving modules 3810 are exactly the same, partially the same, or completely different.

[0554] In some embodiments, the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application includes a sending module 3830, which supports executing all the sending steps performed by the second node in each of the above embodiments.

[0555] In some embodiments, the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application includes a plurality of sending modules 3830, and the plurality of sending modules 3830 respectively support executing part of the sending steps performed by the second node in each of the above embodiments.

[0556] In some embodiments, the steps performed by different sending modules 3830 are exactly the same, partially the same, or completely different.

[0557] In some embodiments, the device provided by the embodiments of the present application includes a processing module 3850, which supports the execution of all processing-related steps, all generation-related steps, and all determination-related steps performed by the second node in the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0558] In some embodiments, the device provided by the embodiments of the present application includes multiple processing modules 3850, which respectively support the execution of some processing-related steps, some determination-related steps, and some generation-related steps performed by the second node in the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0559] In some embodiments, the steps performed by different processing modules 3850 are exactly the same, partially the same, or completely different.

[0560] In summary, in the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application, the first time domain unit can be used for synchronization. The synchronization effect of the first time domain unit can improve the reception quality of the third signal and ensure the accuracy of receiving the information carried by the third signal. Furthermore, the time domain resources including the first signal of the first time domain unit support the second node to operate within the accurate time domain range and / or frequency domain range as much as possible, ensuring the transmission quality of the second node and avoiding interference between the second node and other devices, thereby improving the overall transmission efficiency and communication quality of the communication system. Furthermore, the third time domain unit can also be used for synchronization. The synchronization effect of the third time domain unit can improve the reception quality of the fifth signal and ensure the accuracy of receiving the information carried by the fifth signal. The fourth and fifth signals can serve as reference signals during the reception of the first signal, further ensuring the accuracy of receiving the information carried by the third signal. The time domain resources including the first signal of the third and fourth time domain units support the second node to further perform time-frequency synchronization during the reception of the first signal, ensuring the degree of calibration of the first signal in the time domain / frequency during the reception process, and avoiding the first signal from continuously deviating in the time domain / frequency during the reception process, which affects the reception quality of the first signal. The design of the first and third time domain units both improves synchronization performance, enhancing the transmission quality and efficiency of the first signal. In addition, various configuration options for the first, second, third, and fourth time domain units are provided to meet synchronization requirements in various communication scenarios.

[0561] Figure 40 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 3900 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application, including a processor 3901, a receiver 3902, a transmitter 3903, a memory 3904, and a bus 3905. The communication device 3900 may be used to execute at least some of the steps executed by the first node shown in Figure 9 or Figure 10, or may be used to execute at least some of the steps executed by the second node shown in Figure 20 or Figure 21.

[0562] The processor 3901 includes one or more processing cores. The processor 3901 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules.

[0563] Receiver 3902 and transmitter 3903 can be implemented as a communication component, which can be a communication chip and is referred to as a transceiver. In some embodiments, receiver 3902 can be used to implement the functions and steps of receiving module 3730 described above, and transmitter 3903 can be used to implement the functions and steps of transmitting module 3710 described above.

[0564] The memory 3904 is connected to the processor 3901 via a bus 3905 .

[0565] The memory 3904 may be configured to store at least one instruction, and the processor 3901 may be configured to execute the at least one instruction to implement the various steps in the above method embodiment. The processor 3901 may be configured to implement the functions and steps of the above processing module 3750.

[0566] In addition, the memory 3904 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof. Volatile or non-volatile storage devices include but are not limited to: magnetic disks or optical disks, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, and programmable read-only memory (PROM).

[0567] In some embodiments, the receiver 3902 receives signals / data independently, or the processor 3901 controls the receiver 3902 to receive signals / data, or the processor 3901 requests the receiver 3902 to receive signals / data, or the processor 3901 cooperates with the receiver 3902 to receive signals / data.

[0568] In some embodiments, the transmitter 3903 independently sends signals / data, or the processor 3901 controls the transmitter 3903 to send signals / data, or the processor 3901 requests the transmitter 3903 to send signals / data, or the processor 3901 cooperates with the transmitter 3903 to send signals / data.

[0569] Figure 41 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 4000 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application, including a receiver 4010 and a transmitter 4020. The communication device 4000 may be used to execute at least some of the steps executed by the first node shown in Figure 9 or Figure 10, or may be used to execute at least some of the steps executed by the second node shown in Figure 20 or Figure 21.

[0570] The receiver 4010 and the transmitter 4020 may be implemented as a communication component, which may be a communication chip, and may be referred to as a transceiver.

[0571] In some embodiments, the receiver 4010 may be used to implement the functions and steps of the above-mentioned receiving module 3810 . Optionally, the receiver 4010 may be implemented as a first receiver 4011 and a second receiver 4012 .

[0572] In some embodiments, the transmitter 4020 may be used to implement the functions and steps of the above-mentioned sending module 3830 . Optionally, the transmitter 4020 may be implemented as a first transmitter 4021 and a second transmitter 4022 .

[0573] Optionally, the communication device 4000 may further include a processor 4030. The processor 4030 includes one or more processing cores. The processor 4030 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules. Optionally, the processor 4030 may be used to implement the functions and steps of the processing module 3850 described above.

[0574] Optionally, the communication device 4000 may further include a memory 4040. The memory 4040 may be configured to store at least one instruction, and the processor 4010 may be configured to execute the at least one instruction to implement the various steps in the above method embodiment. Furthermore, the memory 4004 may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device, or a combination thereof. Volatile or non-volatile storage devices include, but are not limited to, magnetic or optical disks, EEPROMs, EPROMs, SRAMs, ROMs, magnetic memories, flash memories, and PROMs.

[0575] Optionally, the communication device 4000 may further include a bus (not shown in the figure). Optionally, the memory 4040 is connected to the processor 4030 via a bus.

[0576] In some embodiments, the receiver 4010 receives signals / data independently, or the processor 4030 controls the receiver 4010 to receive signals / data, or the processor 4030 requests the receiver 4010 to receive signals / data, or the processor 4030 cooperates with the receiver 4010 to receive signals / data.

[0577] In some embodiments, the transmitter 4020 independently sends signals / data, or the processor 4030 controls the transmitter 4020 to send signals / data, or the processor 4030 requests the transmitter 4020 to send signals / data, or the processor 4030 cooperates with the transmitter 4020 to send signals / data.

[0578] In some embodiments, the first receiver 4011 is implemented as a WUR, and / or the second receiver 4012 is implemented as a main receiver.

[0579] In some embodiments, receiver 4010 is implemented as a combined receiver of a WUR and a main receiver.

[0580] In some embodiments, the first transmitter 4021 is implemented as a main transmitter, and / or the second transmitter 4022 is implemented as a backscatter transmitter.

[0581] In some embodiments, transmitter 4020 is implemented as a combination transmitter of a main transmitter and a backscatter transmitter.

[0582] In some embodiments, the processor 4030 and the receiver 4010 may be implemented as one module, or the processor 4030 may be implemented as a part of the receiver 4010 .

[0583] In some embodiments, the processor 4030 and the transmitter 4020 may be implemented as one module, or the processor 4030 may be implemented as a part of the transmitter 4020 .

[0584] In some embodiments, the communication device 4000 includes one or more processors 4030 , and different processors are configured to execute the same or different steps in the above-mentioned processing-related steps.

[0585] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided, in which at least one program is stored. The at least one program is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the communication method provided by the above-mentioned various method embodiments.

[0586] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a chip is further provided, which includes a programmable logic circuit and / or program instructions. When the chip runs on a communication device, it is used to implement the communication methods provided by the above-mentioned various method embodiments.

[0587] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a computer program product is further provided. When the computer program product is executed on a processor of a computer device, the computer device is enabled to execute the above communication method.

[0588] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a computer program is further provided. The computer program includes computer instructions. A processor of a computer device executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the above communication method.

[0589] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps to implement the above embodiments may be accomplished by hardware, or may be accomplished by a program instructing the relevant hardware, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc.

[0590] The above are only optional embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that: The method is performed by a first node, and includes: Sending a first signal, wherein the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, and the first number of first time domain units is used for synchronization of the second node; The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The second signal is determined based on at least a portion of the third signal.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that At least part of the third signal is located at the end of the third signal, or at the beginning of the third signal, or at the middle of the third signal.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The number of the first time domain units is the same as the number of the second time domain units, and each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The number of the first time domain units is less than the number of the second time domain units, and each first time domain unit is located before a group of second time domain units; The group of second time domain units includes at least two consecutive second time domain units, and the at least two second time domain units include a second time domain unit associated with a first time domain unit.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units is formed based on a first sequence group, the first sequence group including at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element; The value of the first sequence element is a first value, and the value of the second sequence element is a second value.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The first sequence group is obtained by encoding the first information, the number of bits corresponding to the first sequence group is X times the number of bits corresponding to the first information, and each bit corresponding to the first information corresponds to at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The first sequence group is configured by a network device or agreed upon by a communication protocol.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: At least one of the following items corresponding to the first sequence group is associated with a capability of the terminal device: the number of elements of the first sequence; the number of elements of the second sequence; the number of said second sequence elements between two of said first sequence elements; The number of said first sequence elements between two said second sequence elements.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The time domain resources of the first signal further include a third number of third time domain units and a fourth number of fourth time domain units, the third number of third time domain units being used for synchronization of the second node; The fourth signal is associated with the fifth signal, the fourth signal is a signal of the first signal in a third time domain unit, and the fifth signal is a signal of the first signal in a fourth time domain unit.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The fifth signal is determined based on at least a portion of the third signal.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that: The signal of the first signal in the fourth number of fourth time domain units is determined based on the third signal; and / or, The signal of the first signal in the third number of third time domain units is determined based on the second signal.

13. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that: The first signal is formed based on a second sequence group at the fourth number of fourth time domain units, the second sequence group including at least one first sequence element; The value of the first sequence element is a first value.

14. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that: The fourth signal is determined based on at least a portion of the fifth signal.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that At least part of the fifth signal is located at the end of the fifth signal, or at the beginning of the fifth signal, or at the middle of the fifth signal.

16. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that: The first signal is formed by puncturing at least one third time domain unit, and / or the first signal is formed by puncturing at least one fourth time domain unit.

17. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that: The fourth number of fourth time domain units are periodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal, or the fourth number of fourth time domain units are non-periodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal.

18. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 17, characterized in that: The lengths of the third time domain units associated with different fourth time domain units are the same or different.

19. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 18, characterized in that: The lengths of different fourth time domain units are the same or different.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that The length of the fourth time domain unit is the same as that of the second time domain unit, or the length of the fourth time domain unit is K times the length of the second time domain unit, or the length of the fourth time domain unit is 1 / K of the length of the second time domain unit; Wherein, K is a positive integer.

21. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 20, characterized in that: The length of the third time domain unit is the same as or different from the length of the first time domain unit.

22. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 21, characterized in that: The length of the third time domain unit satisfies at least one of the following: As agreed upon by the communication protocol; Configured by network devices; Associated with the capabilities of the terminal device; being associated with a transmission rate of the first signal; Associated with the subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain resources of the first signal.

23. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 22, characterized in that: The number of the third time domain units is the same as the number of the fourth time domain units, and each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit.

24. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 23, characterized in that: The number of the third time domain units is less than the number of the fourth time domain units, and each third time domain unit is located before a group of fourth time domain units; The group of fourth time domain units includes at least two consecutive fourth time domain units, and the at least two fourth time domain units include the fourth time domain unit associated with each third time domain unit.

25. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 24, characterized in that: The starting position of a third time domain unit is the ending position of a second time domain unit; or, A starting position of a third time domain unit is at a middle position of a second time domain unit; or, A start position of a third time domain unit is at an end position of a fourth time domain unit.

26. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 25, characterized in that: The number of the third time domain units and / or the number of the fourth time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

27. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 26, characterized in that: Envelope detection results of at least part of the q groups of fourth signals and the associated fifth signals, for time domain synchronization; and / or, Correlation detection results of the q groups of fourth signals and at least part of the associated fifth signals are used for frequency domain synchronization; The q groups of fourth signals are signals of the first signal in q groups of third time domain units, and q is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that Each group of fourth signals includes signals of the first signal in at least two third time domain units.

29. The method according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that There is one fourth time domain unit between the q groups of third time domain units, or there are multiple fourth time domain units between the q groups of third time domain units.

30. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 29, characterized in that: The two second time domain units correspond to two adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group; or, The two second time domain units correspond to two non-adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group; The number of the third time domain units between the two second time domain units is 1, and the waveform of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units is formed based on the first sequence group.

31. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that: The number of the first time domain units and / or the number of the second time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

32. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that: Envelope detection results of at least part of the p groups of second signals and associated third signals are used for time domain synchronization; and / or, Correlation detection results of the p groups of second signals and at least part of the associated third signals are used for frequency domain synchronization; The p groups of second signals are signals of the first signal in p groups of first time domain units, and p is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that Each group of second signals includes signals of the first signal in at least two first time domain units.

34. The method according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that There is one second time domain unit between the p groups of first time domain units, or there are multiple second time domain units between the p groups of first time domain units.

35. A communication method, characterized in that: The method is performed by the second node, and the method includes: receiving a first signal, wherein the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, wherein the first number of first time domain units are used for synchronization of the second node; The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

36. The method according to claim 35, characterized in that The second signal is determined based on at least a portion of the third signal.

37. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that At least part of the third signal is located at the end of the third signal, or at the beginning of the third signal, or at the middle of the third signal.

38. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 37, characterized in that: The number of the first time domain units is the same as the number of the second time domain units, and each first time domain unit is located before the associated second time domain unit.

39. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that The number of the first time domain units is less than the number of the second time domain units, and each first time domain unit is located before a group of second time domain units; The group of second time domain units includes at least two consecutive second time domain units, and the at least two second time domain units include a second time domain unit associated with a first time domain unit.

40. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 39, characterized in that: The signal of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units is formed based on a first sequence group, the first sequence group including at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element; The value of the first sequence element is a first value, and the value of the second sequence element is a second value.

41. The method according to claim 40, characterized in that The first sequence group is obtained by encoding the first information, the number of bits corresponding to the first sequence group is X times the number of bits corresponding to the first information, and each bit corresponding to the first information corresponds to at least one first sequence element and at least one second sequence element.

42. The method according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that The first sequence group is configured by a network device or agreed upon by a communication protocol.

43. The method according to any one of claims 40 to 42, characterized in that At least one of the following items corresponding to the first sequence group is associated with a capability of the terminal device: the number of elements of the first sequence; the number of elements of the second sequence; the number of said second sequence elements between two of said first sequence elements; The number of said first sequence elements between two said second sequence elements.

44. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 43, characterized in that The time domain resources of the first signal further include a third number of third time domain units and a fourth number of fourth time domain units, the third number of third time domain units being used for synchronization of the second node; The fourth signal is associated with the fifth signal, the fourth signal is a signal of the first signal in a third time domain unit, and the fifth signal is a signal of the first signal in a fourth time domain unit.

45. The method according to claim 44, characterized in that The fifth signal is determined based on at least a portion of the third signal.

46. ​​The method according to claim 44 or 45, characterized in that The signal of the first signal in the fourth number of fourth time domain units is determined based on the third signal; and / or, The signal of the first signal in the third number of third time domain units is determined based on the second signal.

47. The method according to claim 44 or 45, characterized in that The first signal is formed based on a second sequence group at the fourth number of fourth time domain units, the second sequence group including at least one first sequence element; The value of the first sequence element is a first value.

48. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 47, characterized in that The fourth signal is determined based on at least a portion of the fifth signal.

49. The method according to claim 48, characterized in that At least part of the fifth signal is located at the end of the fifth signal, or at the beginning of the fifth signal, or at the middle of the fifth signal.

50. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 49, characterized in that The first signal is formed by puncturing at least one third time domain unit, and / or the first signal is formed by puncturing at least one fourth time domain unit.

51. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 50, characterized in that The fourth number of fourth time domain units are periodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal, or the fourth number of fourth time domain units are non-periodically distributed in the time domain resources of the first signal.

52. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 51, characterized in that The lengths of the third time domain units associated with different fourth time domain units are the same or different.

53. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 52, characterized in that The lengths of different fourth time domain units are the same or different.

54. The method according to claim 53, characterized in that The length of the fourth time domain unit is the same as that of the second time domain unit, or the length of the fourth time domain unit is K times the length of the second time domain unit, or the length of the fourth time domain unit is 1 / K of the length of the second time domain unit; Wherein, K is a positive integer.

55. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 54, characterized in that The length of the third time domain unit is the same as or different from the length of the first time domain unit.

56. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 55, characterized in that The length of the third time domain unit satisfies at least one of the following: As agreed upon by the communication protocol; Configured by network devices; Associated with the capabilities of the terminal device; being associated with a transmission rate of the first signal; Associated with the subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain resources of the first signal.

57. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 56, characterized in that The number of the third time domain units is the same as the number of the fourth time domain units, and each third time domain unit is located before the associated fourth time domain unit.

58. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 57, characterized in that The number of the third time domain units is less than the number of the fourth time domain units, and each third time domain unit is located before a group of fourth time domain units; The group of fourth time domain units includes at least two consecutive fourth time domain units, and the at least two fourth time domain units include the fourth time domain unit associated with each third time domain unit.

59. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 58, characterized in that The starting position of a third time domain unit is the ending position of a second time domain unit; or, A starting position of a third time domain unit is at a middle position of a second time domain unit; or, A start position of a third time domain unit is at an end position of a fourth time domain unit.

60. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 59, characterized in that The number of the third time domain units and / or the number of the fourth time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

61. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 60, characterized in that Envelope detection results of at least part of the q groups of fourth signals and the associated fifth signals, for time domain synchronization; and / or, Correlation detection results of the q groups of fourth signals and at least part of the associated fifth signals are used for frequency domain synchronization; The q groups of fourth signals are signals of the first signal in q groups of third time domain units, and q is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

62. The method according to claim 61, characterized in that Each group of fourth signals includes signals of the first signal in at least two third time domain units.

63. The method according to claim 60 or 62, characterized in that There is one fourth time domain unit between the q groups of third time domain units, or there are multiple fourth time domain units between the q groups of third time domain units.

64. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 63, characterized in that The two second time domain units correspond to two adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group; or, The two second time domain units correspond to two non-adjacent sequence elements in the first sequence group; The number of the third time domain units between the two second time domain units is 1, and the waveform of the first signal in the second number of second time domain units is formed based on the first sequence group.

65. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 64, characterized in that The number of the first time domain units and / or the number of the second time domain units are associated with the capability of the terminal device.

66. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 65, characterized in that Envelope detection results of at least part of the p groups of second signals and associated third signals are used for time domain synchronization; and / or, Correlation detection results of the p groups of second signals and at least part of the associated third signals are used for frequency domain synchronization; The p groups of second signals are signals of the first signal in p groups of first time domain units, and p is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

67. The method according to claim 66, characterized in that Each group of second signals includes signals of the first signal in at least two first time domain units.

68. The method according to claim 66 or 67, characterized in that There is one second time domain unit between the p groups of first time domain units, or there are multiple second time domain units between the p groups of first time domain units.

69. A communication device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A sending module, configured to send a first signal, wherein the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, wherein the first number of first time domain units are used for synchronization of the second node; The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

70. A communication device, characterized in that: The device comprises: a receiving module, configured to receive a first signal, wherein the time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, wherein the first number of first time domain units are used for synchronization of the device; The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

71. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device comprises: processor; a receiver and / or transmitter connected to the processor; a memory for storing executable instructions for the processor; Wherein, the transmitter is configured to send a first signal, and the receiver is configured to receive the first signal; The time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, wherein the first number of first time domain units are used for synchronization of the second node; The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

72. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device includes: a receiver and / or a transmitter; The receiver is configured to receive a first signal, and the transmitter is configured to send a first signal; The time domain resources of the first signal include a first number of first time domain units and a second number of second time domain units, wherein the first number of first time domain units are used for synchronization of the second node; The second signal is associated with the third signal, the second signal is a signal of the first signal in a first time domain unit, and the third signal is a signal of the first signal in a second time domain unit.

73. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The readable storage medium stores executable instructions, and the executable instructions are loaded and executed by the processor to implement the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 34, or any one of claims 35 to 68.

74. A chip, characterized in that: The chip includes a programmable logic circuit or a program, and the chip is used to implement the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 34, or any one of claims 35 to 68.

75. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product includes computer instructions, which are stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 34, or any one of claims 35 to 68.

76. A computer program, characterized in that The computer program includes computer instructions, and the processor of the computer device executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device performs the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 34 or any one of claims 35 to 68.

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