3CL-protease inhibitors for treating or preventing veterinary coronavirus infections
A compound with Formula (I) is administered to non-human animals to treat or prevent veterinary coronavirus infections, specifically addressing the challenge of feline infectious peritonitis by demonstrating effective anti-virus activity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/120931
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-09-25
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-03
AI Technical Summary
There is a need for novel methods to treat or prevent diseases caused by veterinary coronavirus infections in non-human animals, particularly feline infectious peritonitis, as existing treatments are inadequate.
Administration of a compound with Formula (I) or its veterinarily acceptable salt/stereoisomer to non-human animals suffering from coronavirus infections, which effectively treats or prevents feline coronavirus infections and feline infectious peritonitis.
The compound demonstrates significant in vitro and in vivo anti-virus effects, effectively preventing the replication of veterinary coronaviruses and reducing the severity of feline infectious peritonitis.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024120931-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024120931-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024120931-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
3CL-PROTEASE INHIBITORS FOR TREATING OR PREVENTING VETERINARY CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE
[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of International Application No. PCT / CN2023 / 121194, filed September 25, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND
[0003] Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. They have been recognized as causing pathological conditions in veterinary medicine since the 1930s. They infect a range of animals including swine, cattle, horses, camels, domestic pets (e.g., cats, dogs, etc. ) , ferrets, rodents, birds, and bats. Most animal related coronaviruses infect the intestinal tract and are transmitted by a fecal-oral route.
[0004] There are two forms of feline coronavirus which are both members of the species Alphacoronavirus 1. Feline enteric coronavirus is a pathogen of minor clinical significance, but spontaneous mutation of this virus can result in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) , a disease with high mortality. There are two different coronaviruses that infect dogs. Canine coronavirus (CCoV) , which is a member of the species Alphacoronavirus 1, causes mild gastrointestinal disease. Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) , which is a member of the species Betacoronavirus 1 and related to HCoV-OC43, cause respiratory disease. Similarly, there are two types of coronaviruses that infect ferrets. Ferret enteric coronavirus causes a gastrointestinal syndrome known as epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE) , and a more lethal systemic version of the virus (like FIP in cats) known as ferret systemic coronavirus (FSC) .
[0005] Needs remain for novel methods for treating or preventing a disease caused by veterinary coronavirus in a non-human animal, particularly, feline infectious peritonitis.SUMMARY
[0006] The present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a disease caused by veterinary coronavirus in a non-human animal suffering from coronavirus infection, the method comprises administering to the non-human animal an effective amount of a compound having Formula (I) :
[0007] or a veterinarily acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, as described herein.
[0008] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a feline coronavirus infection in a non-human animal in need thereof, the method comprises administering to the non-human animal an effective amount of a compound disclosed herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof.
[0009] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a feline infectious peritonitis in a non-human animal in need thereof, the method comprises administering to the non-human animal an effective amount of a compound disclosed herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof.
[0010] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a compound disclosed herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disease caused by veterinary coronavirus in a non-human animal suffering from coronavirus infection.
[0011] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a compound disclosed herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a feline coronavirus infection in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0012] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a compound disclosed herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a feline infectious peritonitis in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0013] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound disclosed herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a disease caused by veterinary coronavirus in a non-human animal suffering from coronavirus infection.
[0014] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound disclosed herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a feline coronavirus infection in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0015] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound disclosed herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a feline infectious peritonitis in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0016] INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
[0017] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
[0019] FIG. 1 shows in vitro cellular anti-virus effect of Compound 7 against PEDV in Vero Cells.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] Definitions
[0021] In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the disclosure may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known structures have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments. Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, as “including, but not limited to. ” Further, headings provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the claimed disclosure.
[0022] Reference throughout this specification to “some embodiments” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Also, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an, ” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and / or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[0023] The terms below, as used herein, have the following meanings, unless indicated otherwise:
[0024] “oxo” refers to =O.
[0025] “Cyano” refers to -CN.
[0026] “Alkyl” refers to a straight-chain, or branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon monoradical having from one to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably one to six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-3-butyl, 2, 2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2, 2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-amyl and hexyl, and longer alkyl groups, such as heptyl, octyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C1-C6 alkyl” or “C1-6alkyl” , means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkyl” where no numerical range is designated. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-10alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-5alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-4alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-3alkyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0027] “Aryl” refers to a radical derived from a hydrocarbon ring system comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring. The aryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring, the aryl is bonded through an aromatic ring atom) or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the aryl is a 6-to 10-membered aryl. In some embodiments, the aryl is a 6-membered aryl (phenyl) . Aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, aryl radicals derived from the hydrocarbon ring systems of anthrylene, naphthylene, phenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, as-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and triphenylene. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aryl may be optionally substituted, for example, with halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0028] “Cycloalkyl” refers to a partially or fully saturated, monocyclic, or polycyclic carbocyclic ring, which may include fused (when fused with an aryl or a heteroaryl ring, the cycloalkyl is bonded through a non-aromatic ring atom) , spiro, or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is fully saturated. Representative cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyls having from three to fifteen carbon atoms (C3-C15 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C15 cycloalkenyl) , from three to ten carbon atoms (C3-C10 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkenyl) , from three to eight carbon atoms (C3-C8 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl) , from three to six carbon atoms (C3-C6 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkenyl) , from three to five carbon atoms (C3-C5 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C5 cycloalkenyl) , or three to four carbon atoms (C3-C4 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkenyl) . In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 10-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 3-to 10-membered cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 5-to 6-membered cycloalkenyl. Monocyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Polycyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, bicyclo [3.3.0] octane, bicyclo [4.3.0] nonane, cis-decalin, trans-decalin, bicyclo [2.1.1] hexane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, and bicyclo [3.3.2] decane, and 7, 7-dimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl. Partially saturated cycloalkyls include, for example cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0029] “Halo” or “halogen” refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo. In some embodiments, halogen is fluoro or chloro. In some embodiments, halogen is fluoro.
[0030] “Haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like.
[0031] “Hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more hydroxyls. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one hydroxyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one, two, or three hydroxyls. Hydroxyalkyl include, for example, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, or hydroxypentyl. In some embodiments, the hydroxyalkyl is hydroxymethyl.
[0032] “Aminoalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more amines. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one amine. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one, two, or three amines. Aminoalkyl include, for example, aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, aminobutyl, or aminopentyl. In some embodiments, the aminoalkyl is aminomethyl.
[0033] “Heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group in which one or more skeletal atoms of the alkyl are selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen (e.g., -NH-, -N (alkyl) -) , sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof. A heteroalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkyl. In one aspect, a heteroalkyl is a C1-C6 heteroalkyl wherein the heteroalkyl is comprised of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and one or more atoms other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen (e.g. -NH-, -N (alkyl) -) , sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof wherein the heteroalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkyl. Examples of such heteroalkyl are, for example, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3, -CH (CH3) OCH3, -CH2NHCH3, -CH2N (CH3) 2, -CH2CH2NHCH3, or -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0034] “Heterocycloalkyl” refers to a 3-to 24-membered partially or fully saturated ring radical comprising 2 to 23 carbon atoms and from one to 8 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, silicon, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is fully saturated. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one or two nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one nitrogen. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one nitrogen and one oxygen. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, the heterocycloalkyl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with an aryl or a heteroaryl ring, the heterocycloalkyl is bonded through a non-aromatic ring atom) , spiro, or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heterocycloalkyl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized. Representative heterocycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, heterocycloalkyls having from two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C15 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to ten carbon atoms (C2-C10 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C10 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C8 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to seven carbon atoms (C2-C7 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C7 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C6 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to five carbon atoms (C2-C5 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C5 heterocycloalkenyl) , or two to four carbon atoms (C2-C4 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C4 heterocycloalkenyl) . Examples of such heterocycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, dioxolanyl, thienyl [1, 3] dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2- oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, 3-oxo-1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, methyl-2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl, and 2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl. The term heterocycloalkyl also includes all ring forms of the carbohydrates, including but not limited to the monosaccharides, the disaccharides, and the oligosaccharides. In some embodiments, heterocycloalkyls have from 2 to 10 carbons in the ring. It is understood that when referring to the number of carbon atoms in a heterocycloalkyl, the number of carbon atoms in the heterocycloalkyl is not the same as the total number of atoms (including the heteroatoms) that make up the heterocycloalkyl (i.e. skeletal atoms of the heterocycloalkyl ring) . In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 4-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 8-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 7-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 4-to 6-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkenyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocycloalkyl may be optionally substituted as described below, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0035] “Heteroaryl” refers to a 5-to 14-membered ring system radical comprising one to thirteen carbon atoms, one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur, and at least one aromatic ring. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one or two nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one nitrogen. The heteroaryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring, the heteroaryl is bonded through an aromatic ring atom) or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heteroaryl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-membered heteroaryl. Examples include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzindolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo [b] [1, 4] dioxepinyl, 1, 4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl) , benzotriazolyl, benzo [4, 6] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, furanyl, furanonyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolyl, indolizinyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, oxazolyl, oxiranyl, 1-oxidopyridinyl, 1-oxidopyrimidinyl, 1-oxidopyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridazinyl, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, quinuclidinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, and thiophenyl (i.e., thienyl) . Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroaryl may be optionally substituted, for example, with halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0036] The term “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” means either “alkyl” or “substituted alkyl” as defined above. Further, an optionally substituted group may be un-substituted (e.g., -CH2CH3) , fully substituted (e.g., -CF2CF3) , mono-substituted (e.g., -CH2CH2F) or substituted at a level anywhere in-between fully substituted and mono-substituted (e.g., -CH2CHF2, -CH2CF3, -CF2CH3, -CFHCHF2, etc. ) . It will be understood by those skilled in the art with respect to any group containing one or more substituents that such groups are not intended to introduce any substitution or substitution patterns that are sterically impractical and / or synthetically non-feasible. Thus, any substituents described should generally be understood as having a maximum molecular weight of about 1, 000 daltons, and more typically, up to about 500 daltons.
[0037] The term “animal” or “non-human animal” includes warm-blooded animals (not including humans) and fish. For example, the animal may be a felidae, bovidae, bird, caninae, mustelidae, equidae, suidae, Leporidae or fish. Preferred are non-human mammals, e.g., cattle, sheep, swine, camels, deer, horses, pigs, poultry, rabbits, goats, dogs and cats, water buffalo, donkeys, fallow deer and reindeer, and also in fur-bearing animals e.g. mink, chinchilla and raccoon, birds e.g. hens, geese, turkeys and ducks and fish e.g. fresh-and saltwater fish e.g. trout, carp and eels. Particularly preferred are domestic animals, e.g. dogs or cats.
[0038] An “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compound administered to a non-human animal, either as a single dose or as part of a series of doses, which is effective to produce a desired therapeutic effect.
[0039] “Treatment” of a non-human animal or a cell is any type of intervention used in an attempt to alter the natural course of the non-human animal or cell. In some embodiments, treatment includes administration of a veterinary composition, subsequent to the initiation of a pathologic event or contact with an etiologic agent and includes stabilization of the condition (e.g., condition does not worsen) or alleviation of the condition.
[0040] The term “veterinarily acceptable” , unless otherwise indicated, indicates that the substance or composition must be compatible chemically and / or toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, composition, and / or the non-human animal being treated therewith. The term “pharmaceutically” acceptable has the same or similar meaning as that recited for “veterinarily” acceptable.
[0041] At various places in the present disclosure, linking substituents are described. Where the structure clearly requires a linking group, the Markush variables listed for that group are understood to be linking groups. For example, if the structure requires a linking group and the Markush group definition for that variable lists “alkyl” , then it is understood that the “alkyl” represents a linking alkylene group.
[0042] When a bond to a substituent is shown to cross a bond connecting two atoms in a ring, then such substituent may be bonded to any atom in the ring. When a substituent is listed without indicating the atom via which such substituent is bonded to the rest of the compound of a given formula, then such substituent may be bonded via any atom in such formula. Combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0043] When any variable (e.g., Ri) occurs more than one time in any constituent or formula for a compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to be substituted with 0-2 Ri moieties, then the group may optionally be substituted with up to two Ri moieties and Ri at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of Ri. Also, combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0044] As used herein, the term “Ci-j” indicates a range of the carbon atoms numbers, wherein i and j are integers and the range of the carbon atoms numbers includes the endpoints (i.e. i and j) and each integer point in between, and wherein j is greater than i. For examples, C1-6 indicates a range of one to six carbon atoms, including one carbon atom, two carbon atoms, three carbon atoms, four carbon atoms, five carbon atoms and six carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the term “C1-12” indicates 1 to 12, particularly 1 to 10, particularly 1 to 8, particularly 1 to 6, particularly 1 to 5, particularly 1 to 4, particularly 1 to 3 or particularly 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
[0045] As used herein, the term “heteroatom” refers to nitrogen (N) , oxygen (O) , sulfur (S) , or phosphorous (P) , and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen (including N-oxides) .
[0046] As used herein, the term “substituted” , whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent. It will be understood that “substitution” or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and that the substitution results in a stable or chemically feasible compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that substituents can themselves be substituted, if appropriate. Unless specifically stated as “unsubstituted” , references to chemical moieties herein are understood to include substituted variants. For example, reference to an “aryl” group or moiety implicitly includes both substituted and unsubstituted variants.
[0047] Methods of Treatment
[0048] The present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a disease caused by veterinary coronavirus in a non-human animal suffering from coronavirus infection, the method comprises administering to the non-human animal an effective amount of a compound having Formula (I) :
[0049] or a veterinarily acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof,
[0050] wherein
[0051] R1 is halogen;
[0052] R2 is halogen;
[0053] Ring A is aryl or heteroaryl;
[0054] each R3 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SH, -SRa, -SF5, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is optionally and independently substituted with one or more R3a;
[0055] each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl; wherein each alkyl is independently and optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0056] each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl; each R3a is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SRa, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl;
[0057] L is - (CR4R4) p-;
[0058] each R4 is independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl;
[0059] R5 is C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl; Ring B is 6-membered aryl or 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl;
[0060] each R6 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl;
[0061] R7 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or
[0062] C1-C6heteroalkyl;
[0063] Ring C is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl;
[0064] each R8 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SH, -SRa, C1-C6alkyl, or
[0065] C1-C6haloalkyl;
[0066] m is 0, 1 or 2;
[0067] n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
[0068] p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and
[0069] q is 0, 1 or 2.
[0070] In some embodiments, Ring A is aryl. In some embodiments, Ring A is 5-to 10-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-or 10-membered) aryl. In some embodiments, Ring A is 6-to 8-membered (e.g., 6-, 7-or 8-membered) aryl. In some embodiments, Ring A is 6-membered aryl. In certain embodiments, Ring A is phenyl.
[0071] In some embodiments, Ring A is heteroaryl. In some embodiments, Ring A is 5-to 10-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-or 10-membered) heteroaryl. In some embodiments, Ring A is 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, Ring A is 5-to 10-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-or 10-membered) heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ring A is 6-to 8-membered (e.g., 6-, 7-or 8-membered) heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms. In some embodiments, Ring A is 6-membered heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms.
[0072] In some embodiments, Ring B is 6-membered aryl. In some embodiments, Ring B is phenyl.
[0073] In some embodiments, Ring B is 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, Ring B is 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, Ring B is 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the like) . In some embodiments, Ring B is 6-membered heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the like) . In certain embodiments, Ring B is 6-membered heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms selected from oxygen and nitrogen. In certain embodiments, Ring B is 6-membered heteroaryl containing one nitrogen. In certain embodiments, Ring B is 6-membered heteroaryl containing two nitrogen. In certain embodiments, Ring B is 6-membered heteroaryl containing three nitrogen. In certain embodiments, Ring B is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, or pyrazinyl. In certain embodiments, Ring B is pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl. In certain embodiments, Ring B is pyridinyl. In certain embodiments, Ring B is pyrimidinyl. In certain embodiments, Ring B is
[0074] In some embodiments, Ring C is cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Ring C is 3-to 10-membered (e.g., 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, or 10-membered) cycloalkyl. Ring C is 5-to 8-membered (e. g., 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered) cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Ring C is 6-membered cycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, Ring C is 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, Ring C is cyclohexyl.
[0075] In some embodiments, Ring C is heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Ring C is 3-to 10-membered (e.g., 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, or 10-membered) heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Ring C is 3-to 10-membered (e.g., 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, or 10-membered) heterocycloalkyl containing one, two or three heteroatoms (e. g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the like) . In some embodiments, Ring C is 5-to 8-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered) heterocycloalkyl containing one, two or three heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the like) . In some embodiments, Ring C is 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one, two or three heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the like) . In some embodiments, Ring C is 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one heteroatom (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the like) . In certain embodiments, Ring C is 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one, two or three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus. In certain embodiments, Ring C is 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one, two or three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. In certain embodiments, Ring C is 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. In certain embodiments, Ring C is 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one oxygen atom. In certain embodiments, Ring C is 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one nitrogen atom. In certain embodiments, Ring C is 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one sulfur atom. In certain embodiments, Ring C is tetrahydropyran. In certain embodiments, Ring C is
[0076] In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo. In some embodiments, R1 is fluoro or chloro. In some embodiments, R2 is fluoro or chloro. In certain embodiments, R1 is fluoro and R2 is chloro. In certain embodiments, R1 is chloro and R2 is fluoro.
[0077] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -OH, -ORa, -SH, -SRa, -SF5, or heteroaryl. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, -SRa, or heteroaryl. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -OH. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa.
[0078] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is C1-C6alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like) .
[0079] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like) . In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one to six (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or six) halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) . In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one, two or three fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing three fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one, two or three chloro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing chloro and fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one chloro and one fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one chloro and two fluoro.
[0080] In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by one, two or three halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) . In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by one, two or three fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by three fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by one, two or three chloro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by three chloro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by chloro and fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by one chloro and one fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by one chloro and two fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -OCF2Cl or -OCF3. In certain embodiments, n is 1, and R3 is -OCF2Cl or -OCF3.
[0081] In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is ethyl substituted by one, two, three, four or five halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) . In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is ethyl substituted by one, two, three, four or five fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is ethyl substituted by five fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is ethyl substituted by one, two, three, four or five chloro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is ethyl substituted by five chloro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -ORa, wherein Ra is ethyl substituted by chloro and fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -OCF2CF3. In certain embodiments, n is 1, and R3 is -OCF2CF3.
[0082] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -SH, -SRa, or -SF5. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa.
[0083] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is C1-C6alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like) .
[0084] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like) . In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one to six (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or six) halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) . In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one, two or three fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing three fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one, two or three chloro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing chloro and fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one chloro and one fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one chloro and two fluoro.
[0085] In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by one, two or three halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) . In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by one, two or three fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by three fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by one, two or three chloro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by three chloro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by chloro and fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by one chloro and one fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SRa, wherein Ra is methyl substituted by one chloro and two fluoro. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently -SCF3. In certain embodiments, n is 1, and R3 is -SCF3.
[0086] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R3 is 5-to 10-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-or 10-membered) heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R3 is 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R3 is 5-membered heteroaryl.
[0087] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently 5-to 10-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-or 10-membered) heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently 5-to 8-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-membered) heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently 5-membered heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently 5-membered heteroaryl containing two heteroatoms.
[0088] In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently 5-membered heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently O, N or S atom. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently 5-membered heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently N or S atom. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently 5-membered heteroaryl containing two heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently N or S atom. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently 5-membered heteroaryl containing one N atom and one S atom. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently In certain embodiments, n is 1, and R3 is In certain embodiments, n is 1, and R3 is
[0089] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently halogen. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -CN. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently -NO2.
[0090] In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently C1-C6alkyl, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like.
[0091] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently C1-C6haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like) . In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently C1-C6haloalkyl containing one to six (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or six) halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) .
[0092] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently cycloalkyl containing 3 to 15 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 12 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 10 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 9 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 8 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 7 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 6 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 5 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 15 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 12 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 10 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 9 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 8 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 7 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 6 ring forming carbon atoms, or 4 to 5 ring forming carbon atoms.
[0093] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently heterocycloalkyl containing 3 to 15 (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15) ring forming carbon atoms and from one to eight (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, or eight) heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, silicon, and sulfur.
[0094] In some embodiments, each R3 is independently aryl. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently 5-to 10-membered (e.g., 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-or 10-membered) aryl. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently 6-to 8-membered (e.g., 6-, 7-or 8-membered) aryl. In some embodiments, each R3 is independently 6-membered aryl. In certain embodiments, each R3 is independently phenyl.
[0095] In some embodiments, L is - (CR4R4) p-. In some embodiments, L is - (CR4R4) p-, and p is 0. In some embodiments, L is - (CR4R4) p-, and p is 1. In some embodiments, L is - (CR4R4) p-, and p is 2. In some embodiments, L is - (CR4R4) p-, and p is 3. In some embodiments, L is - (CR4R4) p-, and p is 4.
[0096] In some embodiments, each R4 is independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments, each R4 is independently hydrogen. In some embodiments, each R4 is independently halogen.
[0097] In certain embodiments, each R4 is independently C1-C6alkyl, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like.
[0098] In some embodiments, each R4 is independently C1-C6haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like) . In certain embodiments, each R4 is independently C1-C6haloalkyl containing one to six (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or six) halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) .
[0099] In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C6alkyl, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like. In certain embodiments, R5 is C1-C5alkyl. In certain embodiments, R5 is C1-C4alkyl. In certain embodiments, R5 is C1-C3alkyl. In certain embodiments, R5 is methyl or ethyl. In certain embodiments, R5 is methyl.
[0100] In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C6haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like) . In certain embodiments, R5 is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one to six (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or six) halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) .
[0101] In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C6hydroxyalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C5hydroxyalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C4hydroxyalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C3hydroxyalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is methyl substituted by hydroxyl. In some embodiments, R5 is ethyl substituted by hydroxyl.
[0102] In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C6aminoalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C5aminoalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C4aminoalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C3aminoalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is methyl substituted by amino. In some embodiments, R5 is ethyl substituted by amino.
[0103] In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C6heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C5heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C4heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is C1-C3heteroalkyl.
[0104] In some embodiments, each R6 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments, each R6 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, or -OH.In certain embodiments, each R6 is independently halogen.
[0105] In some embodiments, each R6 is independently C1-C6alkyl, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like. In certain embodiments, each R6 is independently C1-C5alkyl. In certain embodiments, each R6 is independently C1-C4alkyl. In certain embodiments, each R6 is independently C1-C3alkyl. In certain embodiments, each R6 is independently methyl or ethyl. In certain embodiments, each R6 is independently methyl.
[0106] In some embodiments, each R6 is independently C1-C6haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like) . In certain embodiments, each R6 is independently C1-C6haloalkyl containing one to six (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or six) halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) .
[0107] In some embodiments, R7 is hydrogen.
[0108] In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C6alkyl, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like. In certain embodiments, R7 is C1-C5alkyl. In certain embodiments, R7 is C1-C4alkyl. In certain embodiments, R7 is C1-C3alkyl. In certain embodiments, R7 is methyl or ethyl. In certain embodiments, R7 is methyl.
[0109] In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C6haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like) . In certain embodiments, R7 is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one to six (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or six) halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) .
[0110] In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C6hydroxyalkyl. In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C5hydroxyalkyl. In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C4hydroxyalkyl. In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C3hydroxyalkyl. In some embodiments, R7 is methyl substituted by hydroxyl. In some embodiments, R7 is ethyl substituted by hydroxyl.
[0111] In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C6aminoalkyl. In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C5aminoalkyl. In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C4aminoalkyl. In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C3aminoalkyl. In some embodiments, R7 is methyl substituted by amino. In some embodiments, R7 is ethyl substituted by amino.
[0112] In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C6heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C5heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C4heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R7 is C1-C3heteroalkyl.
[0113] In some embodiments, each R8 is independently halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) . In certain embodiments, each R8 is independently fluoro or chloro. In certain embodiments, each R8 is independently fluoro. In some embodiments, q is 2, and each R8 is fluoro.
[0114] In some embodiments, each R8 is independently -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SH, or -SRa. In some embodiments, each R8 is independently -CN, -NO2, -OH, or -SH. In some embodiments, each R8 is independently -ORa or -SRa, wherein Ra is as defined above.
[0115] In some embodiments, each R8 is independently C1-C6alkyl, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like. In certain embodiments, each R8 is independently C1-C5alkyl. In certain embodiments, each R8 is independently C1-C4alkyl. In certain embodiments, each R8 is independently C1-C3alkyl. In certain embodiments, each R8 is independently methyl or ethyl. In certain embodiments, each R8 is independently methyl.
[0116] In some embodiments, each R8 is independently C1-C6haloalkyl (e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like) . In certain embodiments, each R8 is independently C1-C6haloalkyl containing one to six (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or six) halogen (e.g., bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo) .
[0117] In some embodiments, m is 0. In some embodiments, m is 1. In some embodiments, m is 2.
[0118] In some embodiments, n is 0. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4.
[0119] In some embodiments, p is 0. In some embodiments, p is 1. In some embodiments, p is 2. In some embodiments, p is 3. In some embodiments, p is 4.
[0120] In some embodiments, q is 0. In some embodiments, q is 1. In some embodiments, q is 2.
[0121] In some embodiments, m is 0, n is 1, p is 0 and q is 0 or 2.
[0122] In some embodiments, the compound has a Formula (Ia) :
[0123] wherein
[0124] R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, m, n, q, L, and Ring A are as defined herein;
[0125] each X and Y is independently N, O, S or C; and
[0126] Z is O, N, S or C.
[0127] In some embodiments, the compound has a Formula (Ib) :
[0128] wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, m, n, q, L, X, Y, Z, and Ring A are as defined herein.
[0129] In some embodiments, X and Y are independently N or CH. In certain embodiments, one of X and Y is N, the other is N or CH. In certain embodiments, X is N, and Y is CH. In certain embodiments, X is CH, and Y is N. In certain embodiments, both X and Y are N.
[0130] In some embodiments, Z is -O-. In some embodiments, Z is -S-. In some embodiments, Z is -N-. In some embodiments, Z is -C-.
[0131] In some embodiments, is
[0132] In some embodiments, the compound has a Formula (Ic) :
[0133] wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, Z, m and q are as defined herein.
[0134] In some embodiments, the compound has a Formula (Id) :
[0135] wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, Z, m and q are as defined herein.
[0136] In some embodiments, the compound has a Formula (Ie) :
[0137] wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, Z, m and q are as defined herein.
[0138] In some embodiments, one or more hydrogen on Ring A, Ring B, or Ring C is replaced with one or more deuteriums.
[0139] In some embodiments, one or more of R, R3, R3a, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and / or Ra groups comprise deuterium at a percentage higher than the natural abundance of deuterium.
[0140] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, one or more hydrogens are replaced with one or more deuteriums in one or more of the following groups R, R3, R3a, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and / or Ra.
[0141] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, the abundance of deuterium in each of R, R3, R3a, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and / or Ra is independently at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%of a total number of hydrogen and deuterium.
[0142] Any combination of the groups described above for the various variables is contemplated herein. Throughout the specification, groups and substituents thereof are chosen by one skilled in the field to provide stable moieties and compounds.
[0143] In some embodiments, the compound is one of the compounds in Table 1.
[0144] Table 1
[0145] *Stereochemistry was arbitrarily assigned except for
[0146] In some embodiments, the non-human animal is selected from the group consisting of felidae, bovidae, bird, caninae, mustelidae, equidae, suidae and Leporidae. In certain embodiments, the felidae is a cat. In certain embodiments, the bovidae is a cattle, yak, bison, buffalo, antelope, sheep or goat. In certain embodiments, the bird is a chicken, guineafowl, pheasant, or turkey. In certain embodiments, the caninae is a domestic dog, wolf, coyote, fox or jackal. In certain embodiments, the mustelidae is a weasel, Ferret, badger, otter, marten or wolverine. In certain embodiments, the equidae is a horse, donkey or zebra. In certain embodiments, the suidae is a domestic pig. In certain embodiments, the suidae is a mini-pig. In certain embodiments, the Leporidae is a rabbit.
[0147] In some embodiments, the veterinary coronavirus is feline coronavirus, bovine coronavirus (BCoV) , avian coronavirus (AvCoV) , canine coronavirus (CCoV) , canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) , ferret coronavirus (FRCoV) , guinea fowl coronavirus (GfCoV) , equine Coronavirus (ECoV) , pheasant coronavirus (PhCoV) , transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) , porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) , porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCoV) , porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) , porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) , swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) , rabbit coronavirus (RbCoV) , turkey coronavirus (TCoV) , or bubaline coronavirus (BuCoV) .
[0148] In some embodiments, the feline coronavirus is feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) or feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) .
[0149] In some embodiments, the AvCoV is infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) .
[0150] In some embodiments, the disease is feline infectious peritonitis.
[0151] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a feline coronavirus infection in a non-human animal in need thereof, comprising administering to the non-human animal an effective amount of the compound provided herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof.
[0152] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a feline coronavirus infection in a non-human animal in need thereof, comprising administering to the non-human animal an effective amount of the compound selected from Table 1 or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof.
[0153] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a feline infectious peritonitis in a non-human animal in need thereof, comprising administering to the non-human animal an effective amount of the compound provided herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof.
[0154] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a feline infectious peritonitis in a non-human animal in need thereof, comprising administering to the non-human animal an effective amount of the compound selected from Table 1 or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof.
[0155] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a compound provided herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disease caused by veterinary coronavirus in a non-human animal suffering from coronavirus infection.
[0156] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a compound selected from Table 1 or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disease caused by veterinary coronavirus in a non-human animal suffering from coronavirus infection.
[0157] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a compound provided herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a feline coronavirus infection in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0158] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a compound selected from Table 1 or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a feline coronavirus infection in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0159] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a compound provided herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a feline infectious peritonitis in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0160] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a compound selected from Table 1 or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a feline infectious peritonitis in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0161] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound provided herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a disease caused by veterinary coronavirus in a non-human animal suffering from coronavirus infection.
[0162] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from Table 1 or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a disease caused by veterinary coronavirus in a non-human animal suffering from coronavirus infection.
[0163] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound provided herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a feline coronavirus infection in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0164] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from Table 1 or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a feline coronavirus infection in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0165] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound provided herein or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a feline infectious peritonitis in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0166] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from Table 1 or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof for use in treating or preventing a feline infectious peritonitis in a non-human animal in need thereof.
[0167] Isomers / Stereoisomers
[0168] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as geometric isomers. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess one or more double bonds. The compounds presented herein include all cis, trans, syn, anti, entgegen (E) , and zusammen (Z) isomers as well as the corresponding mixtures thereof. In some situations, the compounds described herein possess one or more chiral centers and each center exists in the R configuration, or S configuration. The compounds described herein include all diastereomeric, enantiomeric, and epimeric forms as well as the corresponding mixtures thereof. In additional embodiments of the compounds and methods provided herein, mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereoisomers, resulting from a single preparative step, combination, or interconversion are useful for the applications described herein. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are prepared as their individual stereoisomers by reacting a racemic mixture of the compound with an optically active resolving agent to form a pair of diastereoisomeric compounds, separating the diastereomers and recovering the optically pure enantiomers. In some embodiments, dissociable complexes are preferred. In some embodiments, the diastereomers have distinct physical properties (e.g., melting points, boiling points, solubilities, reactivity, etc. ) and are separated by taking advantage of these dissimilarities. In some embodiments, the diastereomers are separated by chiral chromatography, or preferably, by separation / resolution techniques based upon differences in solubility. In some embodiments, the optically pure enantiomer is then recovered, along with the resolving agent, by any practical means that would not result in racemization.
[0169] Labeled Compounds
[0170] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist in their isotopically-labeled forms. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such isotopically-labeled compounds. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such isotopically-labeled compounds as veterinary compositions. Thus, in some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein include isotopically-labeled compounds, which are identical to those recited herein, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds disclosed herein include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, and chloride, such as 2H (D) , 3H, 13C, 14C, l5N, 18O, 17O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, and 36Cl, respectively. Compounds described herein, and the veterinarily acceptable salts, or stereoisomers thereof which contain the aforementioned isotopes and / or other isotopes of other atoms are within the scope of this disclosure. Certain isotopically-labeled compounds, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as 3H and 14C are incorporated, are useful in drug and / or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated, i.e., 3H and carbon-14, i.e., 14C, isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability.
[0171] In some embodiments, the abundance of deuterium in each of the substituents disclosed herein is independently at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%of a total number of hydrogen and deuterium. In some embodiments, one or more of the substituents disclosed herein comprise deuterium at a percentage higher than the natural abundance of deuterium. In some embodiments, one or more hydrogens are replaced with one or more deuteriums in one or more of the substituents disclosed herein.
[0172] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are labeled by other means, including, but not limited to, the use of chromophores or fluorescent moieties, bioluminescent labels, or chemiluminescent labels.
[0173] Veterinarily Acceptable Salts
[0174] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as their veterinarily acceptable salts. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such veterinarily acceptable salts. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such veterinarily acceptable salts as veterinary compositions.
[0175] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess acidic or basic groups and therefore react with any of a number of inorganic or organic bases, and inorganic and organic acids, to form a veterinarily acceptable salt. In some embodiments, these salts are prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds disclosed herein, or stereoisomer thereof, or by separately reacting a purified compound in its free form with a suitable acid or base, and isolating the salt thus formed.
[0176] Examples of veterinarily acceptable salts include those salts prepared by reaction of the compounds described herein with a mineral, organic acid or inorganic base, such salts including, acetate, acrylate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, bisulfite, bromide, butyrate, butyn-1, 4-dioate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, caproate, caprylate, chlorobenzoate, chloride, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, decanoate, digluconate, dihydrogenphosphate, dinitrobenzoate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hexyne-1, 6-dioate, hydroxybenzoate, γ-hydroxybutyrate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, iodide, isobutyrate, lactate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, mandelate metaphosphate, methanesulfonate, methoxybenzoate, methylbenzoate, monohydrogenphosphate, 1-napthalenesulfonate, 2-napthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, pyrosulfate, pyrophosphate, propiolate, phthalate, phenylacetate, phenylbutyrate, propanesulfonate, salicylate, succinate, sulfate, sulfite, succinate, suberate, sebacate, sulfonate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylateundeconate and xylenesulfonate.
[0177] Further, the compounds described herein can be prepared as veterinarily acceptable salts formed by reacting the free base form of the compound with a veterinarily acceptable inorganic or organic acid, including, but not limited to, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid, and the like; and organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3- (4-hydroxybenzoyl) benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, arylsulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1, 2-ethanedisulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo- [2.2.2] oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic acid, 4, 4’ -methylenebis- (3-hydroxy-2-ene-1 -carboxylic acid) , 3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid and muconic acid. In some embodiments, other acids, such as oxalic, while not in themselves veterinarily acceptable, are employed in the preparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compounds disclosed herein, or stereoisomer thereof and their veterinarily acceptable acid addition salts.
[0178] In some embodiments, those compounds described herein which comprise a free acid group react with a suitable base, such as the hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, of a veterinarily acceptable metal cation, with ammonia, or with a veterinarily acceptable organic primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amine. Representative salts include the alkali or alkaline earth salts, like lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and aluminum salts and the like. Illustrative examples of bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, sodium carbonate, N+ (C1-4 alkyl) 4, and the like.
[0179] Representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like. It should be understood that the compounds described herein also include the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups they contain. In some embodiments, water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are obtained by such quaternization.
[0180] Solvates
[0181] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as solvates. The disclosure provides for methods of treating diseases by administering such solvates. The disclosure further provides for methods of treating diseases by administering such solvates as veterinary compositions.
[0182] Solvates contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of a solvent, and, in some embodiments, are formed during the process of crystallization with veterinarily acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. Hydrates are formed when the solvent is water, or alcoholates are formed when the solvent is alcohol. Solvates of the compounds described herein can be conveniently prepared or formed during the processes described herein. By way of example only, hydrates of the compounds described herein can be conveniently prepared by recrystallization from an aqueous / organic solvent mixture, using organic solvents including, but not limited to, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or methanol. In addition, the compounds provided herein can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the compounds and methods provided herein.
[0183] Tautomers
[0184] In some situations, compounds exist as tautomers. The compounds described herein include all possible tautomers within the formulas described herein. Tautomers are compounds that are interconvertible by migration of a hydrogen atom, accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond. In bonding arrangements where tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers will exist. All tautomeric forms of the compounds disclosed herein are contemplated. The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH.
[0185] Veterinary Formulations
[0186] The compounds described herein are administered to a non-human animal in need thereof, either alone or in combination with veterinarily acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents, in a veterinary composition, according to standard veterinary practice. In one embodiment, the compounds of this disclosure may be administered to felines. The compounds can be administered orally or parenterally, including the intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal, and topical routes of administration.
[0187] In another aspect, provided herein are veterinary compositions comprising a compound described herein, or a veterinarily acceptable salt, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof, and at least one veterinarily acceptable excipient. Veterinary compositions are formulated in a conventional manner using one or more veterinarily acceptable excipients that facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations that can be used veterinarily. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. Such veterinary compositions and methods for their preparation can be found, for example, in ‘Remington’s Veterinary Sciences’ , 19th Edition (Mack Publishing Company, 1995; and “Veterinary Dosage Forms: Tablets, Vol. 1” , by H. Lieberman and L. Lachman, Marcel Dekker, N. Y., 1980 (ISBN 0-8247-6918-X) , herein incorporated by reference for such disclosure.
[0188] In some embodiments, the veterinarily acceptable excipient is selected from carriers, binders, filling agents, suspending agents, flavoring agents, sweetening agents, disintegrating agents, dispersing agents, surfactants, lubricants, colorants, diluents, solubilizers, moistening agents, plasticizers, stabilizers, penetration enhancers, wetting agents, anti-foaming agents, antioxidants, preservatives, and any combinations thereof.
[0189] The veterinary compositions described herein are administered to a non-human animal by appropriate administration routes, including, but not limited to, oral, parenteral (e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular) , intranasal, buccal, topical, rectal, or transdermal administration routes. The veterinary formulations described herein include, but are not limited to, aqueous liquid dispersions, liquids, gels, syrups, elixirs, slurries, suspensions, self-emulsifying dispersions, solid solutions, liposomal dispersions, aerosols, solid oral dosage forms, powders, immediate release formulations, controlled release formulations, fast melt formulations, tablets, capsules, pills, powders, dragees, effervescent formulations, lyophilized formulations, delayed release formulations, extended release formulations, pulsatile release formulations, multiparticulate formulations, and mixed immediate and controlled release formulations. In some embodiments, the veterinary composition can also be admixed with non-human animal feed.
[0190] Veterinary compositions including compounds described herein, or a veterinarily acceptable salt, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof are manufactured in a conventional manner, such as, by way of example only, by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping, or compression processes.
[0191] Veterinary compositions for oral use are obtained by mixing one or more solid excipient with one or more of the compounds described herein, optionally grinding the resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores. Suitable excipients include, for example, fillers such as sugars, including lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol; cellulose preparations such as, for example, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose; or others such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP or povidone) or calcium phosphate. If desired, disintegrating agents are added, such as the cross-linked croscarmellose sodium, polyvinylpyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof such as sodium alginate. In some embodiments, dyestuffs or pigments are added to the tablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterize different combinations of active compound doses.
[0192] Veterinary compositions that are administered orally include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol. The push-fit capsules contain the active ingredients in admixture with filler such as lactose, binders such as starches, and / or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers. In soft capsules, the active compounds are dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycols. In some embodiments, stabilizers are added.
[0193] Veterinary compositions for parental use are formulated as infusions or injections. In some embodiments, the veterinary composition suitable for injection or infusion includes sterile aqueous solutions, or dispersions, or sterile powders comprising a compound described herein, or a veterinarily acceptable salt, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof. In some embodiments, the veterinary composition comprises a liquid carrier. In some embodiments, the liquid carrier is a solvent or liquid dispersion medium comprising, for example, water, saline, ethanol, a polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and the like) , vegetable oils, nontoxic glyceryl esters, and any combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the veterinary compositions further comprise a preservative to prevent growth of microorganisms.
[0194] The present disclosure further provides veterinary compositions comprising at least one active ingredient as above defined together with a veterinary carrier therefor.
[0195] Veterinary carriers are materials useful for the purpose of administering the composition and may be solid, liquid or gaseous materials which are otherwise inert or acceptable in the veterinary art and are compatible with the active ingredient. These veterinary compositions may be administered orally, parenterally or by any other desired route.
[0196] Routes of Administration
[0197] Suitable routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral, intravenous, rectal, aerosol, parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary, transmucosal, transdermal, vaginal, otic, nasal, and topical administration. In addition, by way of example only, parenteral delivery includes intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramedullary injections, as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intralymphatic, and intranasal injections.
[0198] EXAMPLES
[0199] The synthesis of Compounds 1-8 were described in detail at Examples 92a, 90a, 33a, 1a, 34a, 5a, 94a and 4a of WO2023078231 (which is incorporated herein in its entirety) , respectively.
[0200] Example A: Evaluation of the in vitro inhibitory activity of compounds against FIPV Mpro
[0201] The FIPV Mpro (WSU-79 / 1146, AAY32595.1) was cloned, expressed in E. coli and purified. The substrate of Dabcyl-KTSAVLQSGFRKM -E (Edans) was synthesized. The assay buffer contained 20 mM of Tris-HCl (pH 7.3) , 100 mM of NaCl, 1 mM of EDTA, 5 mM of TCEP and 0.1%BSA. The final concentrations of the FIPV Mpro protein and substrate were 25 nM and 12.5 μM, respectively, in the Mpro enzymatic assay. For 100%inhibition controls (HPE, hundred percent effect) , 10 μM of GC376 was added. For no inhibition controls (ZPE, zero percent effect) , no compound was added and replaced with DMSO. Each activity testing point had a relevant background control to normalize the fluorescence interference of compound. After 60 min incubation at 30℃, the fluorescence signal (RFU) was detected using a microplate reader M2e (SpectraMax) at Ex / Em=340nm / 490nm. IC50 values of compounds were calculated with the GraphPad Prism software using the nonlinear regression model of log (inhibitor) vs. response --Variable slope (four parameters) .
[0202] Representative biochemical data is presented in Table 2 below.
[0203] Table 2
[0204] IC50 (μM) : 0<A≤0.06; 0.06<B≤0.15; 0.15<C≤10; D>10
[0205] Example B: PK study
[0206] Cat (n=3 / group) received a single oral dose administration of the test article via oral gavage. Following dosing, the gavage tube was flushed with approximately 10 mL of water. Collected blood samples from 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 to 24 hrs. Plasma was obtained within 1 hour after blood collection by centrifugation at 3500 g and at 4℃ for 5 minutes. At least 200 μL plasma was collected and transferred into a 2 mL tube, which was stored upright temporarily in dry ice. Sample analysis was performed by Frontage Laboratories (China) Bioanalytical staff. The concentration of the analyte in the plasma was detected with a LC-MS / MS method based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of fragment ions for the Cat pharmacokinetic study.
[0207] Mini-pig (n=2 / group) received a single oral dose administration of the test article via oral gavage. Following dosing, the gavage tube was flushed with approximately 10 mL of water. Collected blood samples from 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 to 24 hrs. Plasma was obtained within 1 hour after blood collection by centrifugation at 3500 g and at 4℃ for 5 minutes. At least 200 μL plasma was collected and transferred into a 2 mL tube, which was stored upright temporarily in dry ice. Sample analysis was performed by Frontage Laboratories (China) Bioanalytical staff. The concentration of the analyte in the plasma was detected with a LC-MS / MS method based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of fragment ions for the Cat pharmacokinetic study. Samples were analyzed complies with Tier 2 in the SOP Number BIO-427-R0 developed by Suzhou Frontage New Drug Development Co., Ltd. Tier 2 assay consisted of two separate standard curves, one placed at the beginning of the analytical run and the other arranged towards the end of the sample analysis. Three levels of QCs (low, medium and high) were used to ensure reliability of the assay. The concentrations of the analytes present in plasma were determined using the standard calibration curves. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with software (version 8.3, Certara, Princeton, NJ) using non-compartmental analyses.
[0208] Cat and mini-pig PK data of Compound 7 is shown in Table 3 below.
[0209] Table 3
[0210] The compounds, for example Compound 7, showed good oral exposure in cat and mini-pig.
[0211] Example C: In vitro cellular anti-virus effect against PEDV
[0212] The compounds were diluted with DMEM (without FBS) to final concentrations of 2.44 nM, 9.77 nM, 39.06 nM, 156.25 nM, 0.625 μM, 2.5 μM, and 10 μM. Once the cells (Vero Cells) in a six-well plate reached confluence, the culture medium was discarded and the wells were washed three times with PBS buffer. At the designated time points, the cells were treated by replacing the maintenance solution with DMEM containing the specified concentrations of the compounds (without FBS) , with three replicates set up for each group. The virus fluid was collected and subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. The samples were then centrifuged at a speed of 8000g for 15 mins, and the supernatant was collected for serial dilution. After the cells in a ninety-six well plate reached full confluent, the diluted supernatant was added, and the cells were cultured for additional 48h. The number of wells exhibiting cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed and recorded. The TCID50 and the EC50 were calculated using Reed-Muench method as reference. In vitro cellular anti-virus effect of Compound 7 on PEDV was shown in Figure 1, wherein Positive Control (PC) and DMSO were only tested at 0h. As shown in Figure 1, Compound 7 at the concentration of 156.25 nM or above showed low TCID50 values (the TCID50 values at the concentrations of 10 μM, 2.5 μM and 0.625 μM were not shown, because they were below the detection limit) , indicating the achievement of a good in vitro anti-virus effect.
[0213] The compounds, for example Compound 7, showed good in vitro anti-virus effect against PEDV in cellular assays.
[0214] Example D: In vivo FIPV efficacy model
[0215] Nine cats were purchased from a laboratory animal company. Rectal swabs were collected, and RNA was extracted using a reagent kit. Reverse transcription was performed to obtain cDNA, and PCR detection using FIPV-specific primers showed negative results. Six cats were selected for the FIPV infection, while one was kept as a negative control. Throughout the experiment, the cats were provided with free access to water and food. To ensure the accuracy of the experiment, care was taken to avoid cross-contamination during feeding and routine management.
[0216] A plaque assay was employed to determine the virus titer. The FIPV virus solution was serially diluted and used to infect CRFK cells. After virus adsorption, a layer of molten semi-solid nutrient agar was added, allowing limited virus diffusion in the monolayer cell culture. At a dilution of 10^-7, eight plaques were observed, indicating that the virus titer of the solution was 8×10^7 PFU / mL.
[0217] The challenged cats were divided into two groups, each consisting of three cats (two males and one female) . One group received 2 mL of the virus solution orally, while the other group was administered 1 mL of the virus solution intraperitoneally. The other three cats were saved for backup.
[0218] From the day following the challenge, body temperature, body weight, and visual symptoms were monitored daily. Additionally, rectal swabs were collected daily for reverse transcription PCR testing.
[0219] On day 15 post-challenge, imaging examinations and complete blood counts were conducted. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound and digital radiography (DR) were used to focus on pleural and peritoneal effusion, as well as lymph node status. Hematological examinations, including biochemical and blood cell analysis, focused on changes in neutrophil and lymphocyte levels.
[0220] A necropsy was performed to observe pathological changes in various organs.
Claims
1.A method of treating or preventing a disease caused by veterinary coronavirus in a non-human animal suffering from coronavirus infection, the method comprises administering to the non-human animal an effective amount of a compound having Formula (I): or a verterinarily acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof,whereinR1 is halogen;R2 is halogen;Ring A is aryl or heteroaryl;each R3 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SH, -SRa, -SF5, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is optionally and independently substituted with one or more R3a;each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl; wherein each alkyl is independently and optionally substituted with one or more R;each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -NH2, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl;each R3a is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SRa, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl;L is - (CR4R4) p-;each R4 is independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl;R5 is C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;Ring B is 6-membered aryl or 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl;each R6 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl;R7 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;Ring C is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl;each R8 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SH, -SRa, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl;m is 0, 1 or 2;n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; andq is 0, 1 or 2.2.The method of claim 1, wherein Ring B is 6-membered heteroaryl containing one, two or three heteroatoms.3.The method of claim 1, wherein Ring C is 6-membered cycloalkyl or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one, two or three heteroatoms.4.The method of claim 3, wherein Ring C is 6-membered cycloalkyl.5.The method of claim 3, wherein Ring C is 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one heteroatom.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the compound has a Formula (Ia) : whereinR1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, m, n, q, L, and Ring A are as defined above;each X and Y is independently N, O, S or C; andZ is O, N, S or C.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the compound has a Formula (Ib): wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, m, n, q, L, X, Y, Z, and Ring A are as defined above.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein p is 0.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein Ring A is 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl.10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein Ring A is phenyl.11.The method of any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein X and Y are independently N or CH.12.The method of claim 11, wherein both X and Y are N.13.The method of any one of claims 6 to 12, wherein Z is -O-.14.The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein n is 1, and R3 is -ORa, -SRa, or heteroaryl.15.The method of claim 14, wherein Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl.16.The method of claim 14, wherein R3 is -ORa.17.The method of claim 16, wherein R3 is -ORa, and Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one to six halogen.18.The method of claim 17, wherein R3 is -ORa, and Ra is methyl substituted by one to three halogen, or ethyl substituted by one to five halogen.19.The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein R3 is -OCF2Cl, -OCF3, or -OCF2CF3.20.The method of claim 14, wherein R3 is -SRa.21.The method of claim 20, wherein R3 is -SRa, and Ra is C1-C6haloalkyl containing one to six halogen.22.The method of claim 21, wherein R3 is -SRa, and Ra is methyl substituted by one to three halogen.23.The method of claim 22, wherein R3 is -SCF3.24.The method of claim 14, wherein R3 is heteroaryl.25.The method of claim 24, wherein R3 is 5-membered heteroaryl.26.The method of claim 25, wherein R3 is 5-membered heteroaryl containing one or two heteroatoms.27.The method of claim 26, wherein the heteroatom is N or S atom.28.The method of claim 26 or 27, wherein R3 is 5-membered heteroaryl containing one N atom and one S atom.29.The method of claim 28, wherein R3 is 30.The method of claim 29, wherein R3 is 31.The method of any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein R5 is C1-C6alkyl.32.The method of claim 31, wherein R5 is methyl.33.The method of any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein R7 is hydrogen.34.The method of any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein R8 is halogen.35.The method of claim 34, wherein R8 is F.36.The method of any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein m is 0, n is 1, p is 0 and q is 0 or 2.37.The method of any one of claims 5 to 36, wherein is 38.The method of claim 6, wherein the compound has a Formula (Ic): wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, Z, m and q are as defined above.39.The method of claim 38, wherein the compound has a Formula (Id): 40.The method of claim 39, wherein the compound has a Formula (Ie): 41.The method of any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 42.The method of any one of claims 1 to 41, wherein the non-human animal is selected from the group consisting of felidae, bovidae, bird, caninae, mustelidae, equidae, suidae and Leporidae.43.The method of claim 42, wherein the felidae is a cat.44.The method of claim 42, wherein the bovidae is a cattle, yak, bison, buffalo, antelope, sheep or goat.45.The method of claim 42, wherein the bird is a chicken, guineafowl, pheasant, or turkey.46.The method of claim 42, wherein the caninae is a domestic dog, wolf, coyote, fox or jackal.47.The method of claim 42, wherein the mustelidae is a weasel, Ferret, badger, otter, marten or wolverine.48.The method of claim 42, wherein the equidae is a horse, donkey or zebra.49.The method of claim 42, wherein the suidae is a domestic pig or a mini-pig.50.The method of claim 42, wherein the Leporidae is a rabbit.51.The method of any one claims 1 to 50, wherein the veterinary coronavirus is feline coronavirus, bovine coronavirus (BCoV), avian coronavirus (AvCoV), canine coronavirus (CCoV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), ferret coronavirus (FRCoV), guinea fowl coronavirus (GfCoV), equine Coronavirus (ECoV), pheasant coronavirus (PhCoV), transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCoV), porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), rabbit coronavirus (RbCoV), turkey coronavirus (TCoV), or bubaline coronavirus (BuCoV).52.The method of claim 51, wherein the feline coronavirus is feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) or feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV).53.The method of claim 51, wherein the AvCoV is infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).54.The method of claim 51, wherein the disease is feline infectious peritonitis.
Citation Information
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