System and method for network preference indication in multi-SIM user equipment

Abstract

The disclosed method and system pertain to preferred network selection in a dual-receive / dual-transmit Multi-SIM User Equipment (MUSIM-UE). The MUSIM-UE transmits a signaling information element to a preferred network and a non-preferred network to indicate preferred services from each network. The MUSIM-UE also transmits instructions to one or both networks to transfer active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions from one network to the other. The MUSIM-UE then transfers the active PDU sessions from one network SIM to the other. The signaling information element may include a flag indicating a preferred network and a field specifying the preferred sendees. The MUSIM-UE may also perform Quality of Service (QoS) measurements on one or both networks.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR NETWORK PREFERENCE INDICATION IN MULTI- SIM USER EQUIPMENTPRIORITY

[0001] This application claims priority to co-owned and co-pending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 635,259 fded on April 15, 2024 of the same title, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF INVENTION

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically, to methods and systems for managing network preferences and service continuity in dual-receive / dual-transmit Multi-SIM User Equipment (MUSIM- UE).BACKGROUND

[0003] In the field of wireless communication technology, Multi-SIM User Equipment(MUSIM-UE) has gained prominence due to its ability to connect to multiple networks simultaneously. This is achieved by equipping the MUSIM-UE with multiple Subscriber Identification Modules (SIMs), each capable of establishing a connection with a different network.

[0004] The concept of dual-receive / dual-transmit in MUSIM-UE refers to the ability of the equipment to simultaneously receive and transmit signals from and to two different networks. The networks to which the MUSIM-UE connects can belong to different operators or Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs), and are typically uncoordinated, meaning they operate independently of each other.

[0005] The 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) Release-18 (Rel-18) introduced the concept of Dual-Rx / Dual-Tx MUSIM, which allows for simultaneous transmissions and receptions in the uplink / downlink, communicating with two different networks over two separate channels via tw o different SIMs. Thus, the MUSIM-UE can maintain simultaneous "active" and / or "idle" connections with dedicated RF chains and shared UE capability.

[0006] The MUSIM-UE's capabilities, such as the number of MIMO (Multiple-Input, Multiple -Output) antennas, supported component carriers, and number of RF (Radio Frequency) chains, can be shared between the two SIMs to achieve Dual-Rx / Dual-Tx. Thissharing of capabilities is typically UE-centric, meaning the UE is responsible for indicating its capabilities to both networks and negotiating its capabilities with the networks.

[0007] Quality of Service (QoS) is a measure of the performance of a network service, such as data, voice, or video, and is a major consideration in wireless communication systems. QoS measurements can include parameters such as signal strength, data rate, and latency, among others. These measurements can be used to assess the performance of a network and to make decisions about network selection and sendee continuity.

[0008] Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions refer to the transmission and reception of data units between the MUSIM-UE and the network. The transfer of PDU sessions between networks can be a complex process, particularly in a MUSIM environment where the UE is connected to multiple networks simultaneously. The 3GPP TS 38.415 technical specification defines procedures for PDU session transfer in wireless communication systems.SUMMARY OF INVENTION

[0009] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0010] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a method for preferred netw ork indication and selection in a dual-receive / dual-transmit Multi-SIM User Equipment (MUSIM- UE) includes transmitting a signaling information element (IE) to a preferred network and a non-preferred network to indicate preferred service(s) from each network when in a network coverage area of each network or an overlapping coverage area of the combmed networks. The method also includes transmitting instructions from the MUSIM-UE to one or both of the preferred network and the non-preferred network to transfer one or more active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions from one of the non-preferred netw orks and the preferred netw ork to the other. At the MUSIM-UE, transferring the one or more active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions from one of the non-preferred network SIM and the preferred netw ork SIM to the other is also provided.

[0011] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the method may include the signaling information element (IE) comprising an indicator such as a flag, reserved bit, field, etc., indicating to a network that it is one of the preferred network and the non-preferred network and a manner for specifying the service's) for each, e.g., by a field of service(s), a list of service(s), etc. The specified service(s) may include at least one of a voice call, a videocall, data, and messaging. The method may further include performing communication link characteristic measurement, such as but not limited to a Quality of Service (QoS) measurement or Quality of Experience (QoE) measurement on one or both of the preferred network and the non-preferred network where services should be delivered or executed. The communication link characteristic measurements may be used to determine if a switch from a first network SIM to second network SIM and / or a switch from first netw ork to a second network is warranted. The PDU sessions may be transferred using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415 to transfer a PDU session with limited or no data loss. The MUSIM-UE may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state and or idle state with one or both of the preferred network and the non-preferred network. In addition, the MUSIM-UE may remain in a connected state to two or more networks but may, as needed and determined by the communication link characteristic measurement, the MUSIM-UE may move services from one SIM / Network to the another based on the determined performance and capabilities of the one or more networks. Services need not be moved to a predetermined preferred network but instead service may be moved between networks to best satisfy MUSIM-UE, user, application, network slice, etc. needs. But when a preferred network is able to satisfy MUSIM-UE, user, application, network slice, etc. needs the preferred network is utilized via execution of a Preferred Network Services information element (IE), such as the "musim- PreferredNetworkServices-rl 8 " IE.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a Multi-SIM User Equipment (MUSIM-UE) configured for preferred network indication and selection in a dual- receive / dual-transmit environment includes a memory for storing MUSIM-UE instructions and network instructions, a processor configured to execute instruction stored in the memory to prepare a signaling information element (IE) for transmission to one of a preferred network and a non-preferred network, determine network connection parameters, assign services to one or more of a preferred network and a non-preferred netw ork, prepare instructions for one or both of the preferred network and the non-preferred network that reflect at least the network assigned services. The MUSIM-UE also includes a transmitter configured to transmit a signaling information element (IE) and instructions to one or both of a preferred network and the non-preferred network to indicate preferred service(s) from each netw ork or changes there to, and a receiver configured to receive a transfer of active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions from one network to another network upon a request from the to switch from one SIM to another.

[0013] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the network connection parameters determined by the processor may be a Quality of Service (QoS) or Quality ofExperience (QoE) measurement on one or both networks. The processor may be configured to determine if a switch from one SIM to another is warranted based on the QoS / QoE measurements. The signaling information element may comprise a flag indicating to a network that it is the preferred network and a field specifying the preferred service(s). The preferred service(s) may include at least one of voice, video, data, and messaging. The PDU sessions may be transferred using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415. The MUSIM-UE may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state with at least one of the networks.

[0014] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, computer readable apparatus is described. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a storage medium configured to store one or more computer programs. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a program memory or HDD or SDD on a computerized network device, such as a network entity, eNB, or gNB. In another embodiment, the apparatus includes a program memory, HDD or SSD on a computerized device (e.g., MUSIM-UE).

[0015] The foregoing general description of the illustrative embodiments and the following detailed description thereof are merely exemplary aspects of the teachings of this disclosure and are not restrictive.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0016] Non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples are described with reference to the following figures.

[0017] Fig. 1 illustrates a system for preferred network indication and selection in a dualreceive, single-transmit Multi-Subscriber Identification Module (MUSIM) environment, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Fig. 2 depicts a system for preferred network indication and selection in a dual- receive / dual-transmit MUSIM environment, specifically for a 3GPP embodiment, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Fig. 3 shows a system for preferred network indication and selection in a dual- receive / dual-transmit MUSIM environment, focusing on preferred network selection based on application need priority, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Fig. 4 presents a system for preferred network selection in a dual-receive / dual- transmit MUSIM environment, focusing on preferred network selection based on network slice need priority, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Fig. 5 displays a system for preferred network indication and selection in a dual- receive / dual-transmit MUSIM environment, highlighting the transition between network coverage areas, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig. 6 illustrates encapsulation of a Preferred Network Services information element (IE) among other information elements within the MUSIM-Assistance-vl800, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Fig. 7 shows a diagram of an encapsulation hierarchy, illustrating the structural relationship between various information elements within the User Equipment Assistance Information, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig. 8 depicts a communication flowchart of the preferred network indication and selection procedure, outlining the steps taken by a User Equipment (UE) when switching between netw orks, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig. 9 presents a method flow of the preferred network indication and selection method, detailing the process of managing network connections and preferences in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig. 10 shows a communication flowchart for the preferred network indication and selection with PDU session transfer with network coordination, outlining a process involving a UE and at least two networks, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Fig. 11 illustrates a method flow of the preferred netw ork indication and selection with PDU session transfer with network coordination method, detailing the steps involved in managing network preferences and PDU session transfers in a dual-SIM environment, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Fig. 12 depicts a communication flowchart for the preferred network selection via network steering, outlining the process of network selection and service continuity for a UE, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Fig. 13 shows a method flow of the preferred network selection via network steering method, detailing the steps taken by a in managing network preferences and connections, according to aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following description sets forth exemplary aspects of the present disclosure. Itshould be recognized, however, that such a description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure. Rather, the description also encompasses combinations and modifications to those exemplary aspects described herein.

[0031] The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for managing network preferences and service continuity in a dual-receive / dual-transmit Multi-SIM User Equipment (MUSIM-UE) environment. In particular, the present disclosure may provide systems and methods for indicating preferred network services to two or more networks and transferring active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions between networks to maintain service continuity.

[0032] In some aspects, the MUSIM-UE may be equipped with two or more SIM cards, each associated with a different network. The MUSIM-UE may transmit a signaling information element to each network to indicate its preferred service(s) from each network. The signaling information element may include a flag indicating a network is the preferred network and a field specifying the service(s) the MUSIM-UE wants to run on the preferred network. The preferred netw ork service(s) may include, but are not limited to, voice call, video call, data, and messaging services.

[0033] In some cases, the MUSIM-UE may monitor the quality' of service (QoS) or quality of experience (QoE) on each network and determine if a switch from one SIM or network to another is warranted based on these measurements. If the QoS or QoE on a connected network falls below a predefined threshold, the MUSIM-UE may transmit instructions to one or both networks to transfer one or more active PDU sessions from one network to another.This transfer of PDU sessions may be performed using a procedure defined in 3 GPP TS 38.415.

[0034] In other aspects, the MUSIM-UE may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state with both networks. When one network's connection parameters fall below a threshold, for example when the MUSIM-UE leaves the coverage area of one of the multi- SIM connection networks, the MUSIM-UE may request to continue one or more services on the other multi-SIM connection netw ork. Upon re-entering the coverage area of the original network, the MUSIM-UE may request to resume its services on the original netw ork, ensuring seamless service continuity.

[0035] The systems and methods disclosed herein may provide several benefits, including improved network service selection and continuity in MUSIM-UEs, reduced data loss or PDU session drops during network switching, and enhanced user experience.

[0036] FIG. 1 shows a system for preferred netw ork indication and selection in a dual-receive, single-transmit Multi-Subscriber Identification Module (MUSIM) environment 100.

[0037] Environment 100 includes a MUSIM user equipment (MUSIM-UE) 102, which is capable of connecting to two different wireless networks simultaneously. The first network, network_A 130, is connected to the MUSIM-UE 102 via a SIM_A 104 and an antenna 108 via an eNodeB 116 (also called a remote radio unit (RRU), a remote radio head (RRH), a base station, an access point, a small cell, microcell, picocell, femtocell, macro cell, cell tower, etc.). The second network, network_B 132, is connected to the MUSIM-UE 102 via a SIM_B 106 and an antenna 110 via gNodeB B 118 (also called a remote radio unit (RRU), a remote radio head (RRH), a base station, an access point, a small cell, microcell, picocell, femtocell, macro cell, cell tower, etc ).

[0038] In some aspects, the MUSIM-UE 102 may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state with both the preferred network, e.g., network_A 130, and the non-preferred network, e.g., network 132. This allows the MUSIM-UE 102 to maintain simultaneous connections with both networks, thereby enhancing the user's ability to access netw ork services, increase throughput, reduce latency, and, important to the present systems and methods, providing flexibility for the transfer of service(s) between networks to provide reduced or no data loss, increase reliability, increase QoS / QoE, reduce network operator cost, etc.

[0039] The MUSIM-UE 102 communicates with network A 130 and network B 132 via communication links. These links include the base station, shown as an eNodeB A 116 for network A 130 and an gNodeB B 118 for network B 132. The eNodeB A 116 has a wireless connection 112 to the MUSIM-UE 102 via network A antenna 108 and another connection with network A 130, shown as a receive path 120 and a transmit path 122. This configuration allows SIM A 104 to have both transmit and receive capabilities.

[0040] The communication links between the MUSIM-UE 102 and network B 132 include a wireless connection 114 to the MUSIM-UE 102 via network B antenna 110 and a receive path 124 to network_B132. In this arrangement, SIM B 106 provides MUSIM-UE 102 to only receive data from network B 132.

[0041] In the example of system 100, network A 130 is designated as the primary or preferred network, while network B 132 is designated as the secondary network. This designation may be based on a range of factors, such as the quality of service provided by the networks, the type of services offered, or the user's preferences. In one embodiment, instead of indicating a preferred network the system and methods indicate a preferred network for one or more services. For example, network B 132 may be preferred for voice services andmessaging services while network A 130 may be preferred for video and data services.

[0042] In some cases, the MUSIM-UE 102 may be part of a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) network. An MVNO is a company that does not own a mobile spectrum license but sells mobile services to its customers leveraging its brand name while using the wireless network of a licensed mobile operator. In some cases, the MVNO may have access to some wireless spectrum, either by owning a small portion of spectrum, although typically not enough to support a mobile netw ork, and / or by leveraging unlicensed or partially licensed spectrum, such as Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) spectrum. The MVNO pays the mobile operator for use of their infrastructure, e.g., network_B132, and so is motivated to drive as much traffic as possible to their own network, i.e., the preferred network_A 130. This not only may reduce cost for the network A 130 operator but may also give more control over the user experience and provide opportunities to leverage unique aspects or capabilities of network_A 130, for example, better security, lower latency, higher throughput, more bandwidth, tighter control over scheduling, etc.

[0043] System 100 and the methods disclosed herein may provide several benefits, including improved network service selection and continuity in MUSIM-UEs, reduced data loss or PDU session drops during network switching, and enhanced user experience.

[0044] Referring to FIG. 2, a system for preferred network indication and selection in a dual-receive / dual-transmit (Dual Rx / Dual Tx) multi-SIM (MUSIM) enviromnent 200 is depicted. System 200 is similar to system 100 with some differences, including the fact that system 200 is a Dual Receive Dual Transmit system and system 100 is a Dual Receive Single Transmit system. Where numeration is the same the cited elements may be considered the same or similar.

[0045] System 200 includes a MUSIM-UE 202, similar to MUSIM-UE 102 of FIG. 1 but with note differences, which is capable of connecting to at least two separate networks, network A 230 and network B 232, by different SIMs, SIM A 204 and SIM B 206, respectively. To provide this wireless connection, MUSIM-UE 202 is configured with antennas 208 and 210 for connecting SIM A 204 w ith network A 230 and SIM B 206 with network B 232, respectively. It should be understood that network A 230 is similar to network A 130, network B 232 is similar to network B 132, SIM A 204 and SIM B 206 are similar to SIM A 104 and SIM B 106, and antennas 208 and 210 are similar to antennas 108 and 110.

[0046] MUSIM-UE 202 contains two SIM cards, a SIM A 204 and a SIM B 206, which provides communication with the two networks via two distinct network nodes, an RRU A216 and an RRU B 218. The MUSIM-UE 202 is shown to support numerous services, such as voice 201, video 203, and data 205. It will be understood that these are examples of services and more or fewer services may be supported by MUSIM-UE 202 at any given time. For instance, in some cases, MUSIM-UE 202 may also support "messaging".

[0047] MUSIM-UE 202 is in wireless communication with RRUs 216, 218, via bidirectional wireless connection 212 and 214, respectively. Further, communication links 220 and 222 provide communication between RRU_A 216, as well as 224 and 226, indicate the dual reception (Rx) and dual transmission (Tx) capabilities between the MUSIM-UE 202 and the respective network nodes.

[0048] In some aspects, the MUSIM-UE 202 may be configured with functionality for connecting to non-3GPP networks, such as but not limited to a LAN network (e.g., ethernet) and a WLAN (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMAX, etc.), in communication with 3GPP access networks (e.g., fixed wireless access) and non-3GPP access networks (e.g., DOCSIS, DSL, etc ), satellite networks (e.g., VLEO, LEO, MEO, GEO, and 3GPP enabled satellite networks), and optical networks (e.g., Li-Fi, various PON networks, free-space optics, etc.).

[0049] In some cases, SIMs configured with MUSIM-UE 202 may be any type of SIM, including but not limited to physical SIMs (pSIM) (e.g., in any of the IFF, 2FF, 3FF, 4FF, and MFF2 form factors), embedded SIM (eSIM) (e.g., MFF2 UICC and eUICC), integrated SIM (iSIM), Internet or Things (loT) SIM, virtual SIM (vSIM), or any combination thereof. It is also possible that there may be more than two SIMs configured with MUSIM-UE 202 such that MUSIM-UE 202 may be in communication with, or capable of being in communication with, three or more SIM based networks.

[0050] Further, the number of SIMs is not necessarily fixed and a SIM, such as a vSIM, may be updated, deleted, moved to storage, or completely replaced at any point depending on the requirements, integrity, capability, etc. of the MUSIM-UE 202 and / or network(s). For example, when a vSIM is added to a MUSIM-UE 202 as a preferred SIM, one of ordinary skill will understand, after reading the present disclosure, how to apply the systems and methods here to accommodate for the vSIM change. Also, if a vSIM is no longer trusted it may be permanently deleted or moved out of use and may or may not be replaced by a new vSIM. Until a new vSIM is added back to the MUSIM-UE 202 or updated to increase trust in the vSIM, a shift in how the remaining SIMs are used will occur and leveraging the present systems and methods provide a way to do that.

[0051] In the example of system 200, Network A 230 is designated as the primary or preferred network, while Network B 232 is designated as the secondary or non-preferrednetwork. This designation may be based on a range of factors, such as the quality of service provided by the networks, the type of services offered, or a user's preferences. In one embodiment, instead of indicating a preferred network for a device the system and methods described herein may indicate a preferred network for one or more services, applications, micro-network segmentations, network slices. For example, network B 132 may be preferred for voice services and messaging services (not shown) while network A 130 may be preferred for video and data services. Indicating service specific network preference in this way may be based on QoS / QoE, network capability, or network operator cost or offload capability such as described above in FIG. 1 for a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO).

[0052] For sake of clarity and to ease explanation not all components of all devices are shown, although the skilled artisan will understand how devices are equipped to function properly in a 3 GPP wireless ecosystem. For example, transmitters and receivers are not shown in the figures although it is understood they are present and connect to antennas and the like for the wireless and wired movement of data around the networks. It will also be understood, for example, that the 3GPP networks may utilize any number of architectures, including split architectures, virtualized networks, edge compute, software defined networks, converged netw orks, and may be connected to other networks such as non-3GPP networks. These and other aspects are not shown as they are well understood concepts and not needed to explain the present system and methods.

[0053] Referring to FIG. 3, a Dual TX Dual Rx MUSIM environment 300 is depicted, illustrating the preferred network indication and selection based on application priority. System 300 is similar to system 200, FIG. 2, where numeration is similar, and ideas discussed here may be applied there without departing from the scope herein. MUSIM-UE 202 is shown equipped with at least two SIM cards with only two SIMs, SIM A 204 and SIM B 206, shown for sake of clarity. SIM A 204 and SIM B 206 are connected to Network A antenna 208 and Network_B antenna 210, respectively, through bi-directional wireless connections 212 and 214. The MUSIM-UE 202 communicates with Network_A 230 and Nctw ork B 232 via receive path A 220 and receive path B 224 and transmit path A 222 and transmit path_B 226, facilitated by RRU_A 216 and RRU_B 218, as shown.

[0054] In some aspects, the MUSIM-UE 202 may prioritize network selection based on application requirements or preferences. For instance, applications that request low latency 340, security 342, bandwidth 344, stability 346, reduced jitter 348, and low packet loss 350 may be assigned to and / or have a SIM card and / or network prioritized for them to ensure the needs or preferences of that application assigned a network that allows the application toperform at its best. I.e., the present systems and methods indicate, for one or more applications, a network with capabilities and services that best match the specific application requirements.

[0055] In some cases, the MUSIM-UE 202 may perform Quality of Service (QoS) measurements on one or both of the preferred network and the non-preferred network. These QoS measurements may be used to determine if a switch from one SIM to another is warranted. For example, if the QoS on a network falls below a predefined threshold, MUSIM- UE 202 may transmit instructions to one or both networks to transfer one or more active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions from one network to another. This transfer of PDU sessions may be performed using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415.

[0056] In some cases, the MUSIM-UE 202 may request network capability information from each network to best match a network with an application based on network capabilities and applications requirements. This capability to requirements matching may be used to determine if a switch from one SIM or network to another is warranted. For example, if the capabilities on a first network do not match an application requirement and the capabilities on a second network do match the application requirement, MUSIM-UE 202 may transmit instructions to one or both networks to transfer one or more applications to the SIM associated with the more capable network.

[0057] In other aspects, the MUSIM-UE 202 may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state with a preferred network and a non-preferred network. When the preferred network's connection parameters fall below a threshold, the MUSIM-UE 202 may request to continue its services on the non-preferred network. Upon re-entering the coverage area of the preferred network, the MUSIM-UE 202 may request to resume its services on the preferred network, ensuring seamless service continuity for the client and placing services on the preferred or prioritized network as implemented by the MUSIM-UE. The systems and methods disclosed herein may provide several benefits, including improved network service selection and continuity in MUSIM-UEs, reduced data loss or PDU session drops during network switching, and enhanced user experience.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 4, a Dual TX Dual Rx MUSIM enviromnent 400 is depicted. System 400 is similar to system 300 of FIG. 3, and 200 of FIG. 2, where numeration is similar, and ideas discussed here may be applied there without departing from the scope herein.

[0059] In this embodiment, a MUSIM-UE with Dual TX Dual RX 202 is shown equipped with two SIM cards, SIM A 204 and SIM B 206. These SIM cards enable the MUSIM-UE202 to connect to two distinct networks, Network A 230 and Network B 232, through Nctwork_ A antenna 208 and Network B antenna 210, respectively. The MUSIM-UE 202 establishes bi-directional wireless connections 212 and 214 with base stations RRU A 216 and RRU B 218, which are linked to their respective networks via receive path A 220, transmit path A 222, receive path B 224, and transmit path B 226.

[0060] In some aspects, the MUSIM-UE 202 and networks 230, 232 manage network indication, selection, and prioritization based on network slice requirements, preferences, and / or network conditions. Each network slice, for example, a network slice 1 440, a network slice 2 442, a network slice 3 444, and a network slice 4 446, may require a different Quality of Service (QoS), a combination of requirements such as reliability, security, and low latency, may require high bandwidth, some other network slice specific need or optimization, edge compute, edge storage, etc. As such, the Dual TX Dual Rx MUSIM environment 400 caters to the various slice's requirements and may even dynamically adjust network prioritizations based on changing availability due to the MUSIM-UE 202 mobility, network load, or other parameters.

[0061] It may be the case that network slice preferences are themselves prioritized. For example, the highest priority preference may be reliability, followed by latency, then bandwidth. In this case maintaining network connection is more important than latency and bandwidth such that a MUSIM-UE may migrate to a 3GPP non-terrestrial network (NTN) such as a LEO satellite network with 3GPP functionality when traveling into, for example, a rural area thereby maintaining connection while sacrificing low latency. But when two reliable networks are available the systems and methods may select one with low latency as reliability is not a factor. These ideas may also be applied to the uses case shown in FIGs. 1, 2, 3 and other cases discussed here or contemplated by the skilled artisan.

[0062] In some cases, the MUSIM-UE 202 may perform Quality of Service (QoS) measurements or network check on one or both of the preferred network and the nonpreferred network. These QoS measurements or network checks may be used to determine if a switch from one SIM to another is warranted, similar to that described for FIG. 3. For example, if the QoS measurement falls below a predefined threshold or network check fails, the MUSIM-UE 202 may transmit instructions to one or both networks to transfer one or more network slices from one SIM / network to another.

[0063] In other aspects, the MUSIM-UE 202 may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state with the preferred and the non-preferred networks when in a combined coverage area. When preferred network's connection parameters fall below' a threshold, theMUSIM-UE 202 may request to continue one or more of the preferred services on the nonpreferred network. Upon re-entering the coverage area of the preferred network, either in only the preferred network coverage area or as part of a combined network coverage area, the MUSIM-UE 202 may request to resume its services on the preferred network, ensuring seamless service continuity. FIG. 5 delves into this in greater detail.

[0064] The systems and methods disclosed herein may provide several benefits, including improved network service selection and continuity, reduced data loss or PDU session drops during network switching, enhanced user experience, network slide or application performance optimization, etc.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 5, a Dual TX Dual Rx MUSIM environment 500 is depicted, illustrating a MUSIM-UE with Dual TX Dual RX 202 adapting to changes in network coverage area due to mobility. The MUSIM-UE 202 is equipped with two SIM cards, SIM_A 204 and SIM B 208, enabling it to connect to two distinct networks, Network A 230 and Network B 232, through bi-directional wireless connections 212 and 214, respectively. MUSIM-UE 202 is also shown with a processor 502 and a memory 504. Memory 504 holds instructions and data for implementing the presents methods and processor 502 executes those instructions, process data to produce results and stores those results back in memory 504.

[0066] Network A 230 is associated with an RRU A 216 and Network A antenna 208, while Network B 232 is associated with an RRU B 218. The diagram shows MUSIM-UE 202 transitioning between coverage area A 510, coverage area AB 512, and coverage area B 514. Coverage area changes 520 and 522 indicating the movement of the MUSIM-UE 202 across the coverage areas AB 512.

[0067] The coverage areas depicted in FIG. 5 represent the geographical regions where the respective networks, Network A 230 and Network B 232, provide service to the MUSIM-UE 202. Coverage area A 510 is the region where Network A 230 provides service and where SIM A 204 is able to connect to the network for both uplink and downlink communications. Conversely, coverage area B 514 is the region where Network B 232 provides sendee and where SIM B 208 is able to connect to the network for communications.

[0068] Coverage area AB 512 represents the overlapping region where both Network A 230 and Network B 232 provide service to the MUSIM-UE 202. In this overlapping area, the MUSIM-UE 202 can connect to either network, or both simultaneously, depending on the network selection strategy implemented by the MUSIM-UE 202. This strategy may be influenced by factors such as signal strength, network load, QoS measurements, network capabilities, and user preferences or requirements for specific services.

[0069] When the MUSIM-UE 202 is within coverage area A 510, it may prioritize connecting to Network A 230, especially if it is designated as the preferred network. If the MUSIM-UE 202 moves into coverage area B 514, where Network_A 230 is no longer available, it may switch to Network B 232 to maintain service continuity. In the case where the MUSIM-UE 202 is within the overlapping coverage area AB 512, it has the flexibility to choose between networks based on the preferred network settings, QoS measurements, and the specific services it is utilizing at the time or best match UE, application, PDU session, or network slice requirements or preferences.

[0070] The ability to transition between networks while moving across different coverage areas without losing service continuity is a pivotal feature of the MUSIM-UE 202. This feature ensures that the MUSIM-UE 202 can maintain an active connection and continue ongoing sessions, such as voice calls or data transfers, by dynamically selecting the network that meets the user's service requirements and preferences at any given location and time.

[0071] In some aspects, the MUSIM-UE 202 may perform Quality of Service (QoS), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS), etc. measurements on one or both of the preferred network and the non-preferred network. These measurements may be used to determine if a switch from one SIM to another is warranted. For example, if the measurements on a network fall below a predefined threshold, the MUSIM-UE 202 may transmit instructions to one or both networks to transfer one or more active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions from one network to another. This transfer of PDU sessions may be performed using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415.

[0072] In other aspects, the MUSIM-UE 202 may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state with both networks. When one network's connection parameters fall below a threshold, the MUSIM-UE 202 may request to continue its services on the other network. Upon re-entering the coverage area of the original network, MUSIM-UE 202 may request to resume its services on the original network, ensuring seamless service continuity through MUSIM-UE coordinated network operations.

[0073] The systems and methods disclosed herein may provide several benefits, including improved network service selection and continuity in MUSIM-UEs, reduced data loss or PDU session drops during network switching, and enhanced user experience.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 6, a diagram 600 illustrates the encapsulation of various information elements (IE) within the MUSIM-Assistance-vl800 602. The MUSIM- Assistance-vl800 602 contains several nested information elements. These include musim-GapPriority PreferenceList-rl 8 MUSIM-GapPriorityPreferenceList-rl8 604, musim-rl8 ENUMERATED {true} 605, musim-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 MUSIM- PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 608, musim-CapRestriction-rl8 MUSIM-CapRestriction-rl8 610, and musim-NeedForGapsInfoNR-rl8 NeedForGapsInfoNR-rl6 612.

[0075] In some aspects, the musim-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 MUSIM- PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 608 is further detailed to include fields such as musim- PreferredPLMN-rl8 and musim-PreferredNetwork-Services-rl 8. These fields specify the user equipment's preferred Public Land Mobile Network and the desired network services for that network. The preferred netw ork services may include, but are not limited to, voice call, data, and video call.

[0076] In some cases, the MUSIM-UE may transmit this signaling information element to both the preferred network and the non-preferred network. This transmission may occur when the MUSIM-UE is within the network coverage area of each network or within an overlapping coverage area of the combined networks, for example, as shown in FIG. 5. The signaling information element may include an identifier, such as a flag, indicating to a network that it is the preferred network and a field specifying the preferred service(s) for that network.

[0077] In other aspects, the MUSIM-UE may transmit instructions, at any time it sees fit, for example when a network measurement returns an unsatisfactory result, to one or both of the preferred network and the non-preferred network to transfer one or more active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions from one network to another. This transfer of PDU sessions may be performed using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415.

[0078] This structured representation of information elements is integral for defining the preferred network services within the broader context of MUSIM assistance information. The encapsulation of these information elements within the MUSIM-Assistance-vl800 602 provides a clear and organized structure for conveying the MUSIM-UE's network and service preferences to the network(s).

[0079] Referring to FIG. 7, an encapsulation hierarchy 700 is depicted. Hierarchy 700 illustrates the structural relationship between various information elements (IES) within the User Equipment Assistance Information, shown as a UEAssistancelnformation 702, as defined in the 3GPP technical specification TS 38.331. At the top of the hierarchy is UEAssistancelnformation 702, which encapsulates several nested IEs. These nested IEs include a UEAssistancelnformation-IEs 704, a UEAssistance!nformation-vl540-IEs 706, a UEAssistanceInformation-vl610-IEs 708, a UEAssistanceInformation-vl700-IEs 710, andfinally, a UEAssistanceInformation-vl800-IEs 712.

[0080] Within the UEAssistanceInformation-vl800-IEs 712 is the MUSIM-Assistance- vl800 602, which contains the new MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 606 IE. This new IE is integral for indicating the MUSIM-UE's preferred network and services to the networks. The MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices-r 18 IE is encapsulated within the MUSIM- Assistance-vl800, which is further encapsulated within the UEAssistanceInformation-vl800- lEs. This nested encapsulation structure allows the MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 IE to be integrated within the global UEAssistancelnformation 702 framework.

[0081] In some aspects, the MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 606 IE may be prepared by and transmitted from the MUSIM-UE 202 to one or both of the preferred network and the non-preferred network, e.g., network A 230 and network B 232. This transmission may occur when the MUSIM-UE 202 is within the network coverage area of each network, e.g., coverage area A 510 and coverage area B 514, or within an overlapping coverage area of the combined networks, e.g., coverage area AB 512. The MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices- r 18 IE may include a flag, field, or identifier indicating to a network that it is the preferred network and a field specifying the preferred service(s) for that network. An example of the flag, identifier, or field indicating the preferred network is a musim-PreferredPLMN-rl8 620. An example of a flag, identifier, or field specifying preferred service(s) for a network is musim-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 622. The preferred service(s) may include, but are not limited to, voice call, video call, data, and messaging services. One or both of MUSIM- PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 612 and MUSIM-Assistance-vl800 602 may also include one or more flags, identifiers, fields, or new IE(s) indicating one or more nonpreferred network(s) and services for the non-preferred network (not shown). In addition, in a MUSIM environment with more than two SIMs and networks one or both of MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 606, 612 and MUSIM-Assistance-vl800 602 may provide a ranked preference of networks or services (not shown). In such an embodiment, networks may not be considered preferred and nonpreferred but rather a ranked order of preference and associated services. In all cases, MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 606, 612 may be dynamically updated and transmitted to its networks based on MUSIM-UE 202 determined criteria for available networks, network metrics, services / application / network slice requirements, network capabilities, and other features as discussed here and apparent to the skilled artisan.

[0082] In embodiments, MUSIM-UE 202 transmits instructions, for example contained within MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 606, 612, to one or both of the preferred network and the non-preferred network to transfer one or more active protocol data unit(PDU) sessions, support of MUSIM-UE applications, MUSIM-UE network slices, network segmentations, etc. from one network to another. The transfer of PDU sessions may be performed using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415. Other transfers may use the same or similar techniques as understood by the skilled artisan.

[0083] The encapsulation hierarchy 700 provides a clear and organized structure for conveying the network and service preferences to the networks. This structured representation of information elements is integral for defining the preferred network services for a within the broader context of MU SIM assistance information.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 8, depicts a communication flowchart of the preferred netw ork indication and selection procedure 800, outlining the steps taken by a MUSIM-UE when moving one or more sessions between networks.

[0085] This procedure illustrates the interaction between MUSIM-UE 202, shown with processor 502 and memory 504, and two networks, and network A 230 and network B 232, through two SIM cards, SIM_A 204 and SIM_B 206, as described above for FIGs. 2-5. The procedure outlines the steps taken by the MUSIM-UE 202 when SIM A 204 goes out of coverage of Network A 230 and how the MUSIM-UE 202 switches one or more services from SIM_A 204 and network_A 230 to SIM_B 206 to maintain service continuity on network B 232. The procedure also shows the reconfiguration process when MUSIM-UE 202 re-enters the coverage area of network A 230, indicating how services are reassigned and continued without interruption. Memory 504 stores instructions and data and processor 502 executes those instructions and processes the data to produce results, which are then stored back in memory 504.

[0086] In the example of FIG. 8, the preferred network indication and selection procedure 800 begins with MUSIM-UE 202 in an RRC CONNECTED state on both networks 230, 232, with network A 230 supporting MUSIM-UE 202's 1st service and network B 232 supporting MUSIM-UE 232's second sendee. MUSIM-UE 202 may then monitor the connection parameters of both networks. If the connection parameters of a network, such as network A 230 in the case of FIG. 8, fall below a predefined threshold, such as but not limited to MUSIM-UE 202 leaving the coverage area of network A 230, or an application, service, or network slice is instantiated that requires certain network support found on one of the networks, then MUSIM-UE 202 may send an updated UE Assistance Information (UAI) message or preferred network IE (PN-IE), such as UEAssistancelnformation 702 including MUSIM-PreferredNetworkService-rl8 606, to network B 232. This UAI message / PN-IE may include updated information, such as an updated MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8information element, indicating to network B 232 that it is the currently the preferred network for MUSIM-UE 202's 1st and 2nd service.

[0087] Upon receiving the UAI message, MUSIM-UE 202 and network B 232 may exchange RRC Reconfiguration messages to provision the requested service(s) onto network 232. MUSIM-UE 202 may then enter an RRC CONNECTED state with Network B 232, and SIM A 204 may enter an RRC IDLE state with Network A 230. This allows the MUSIM- UE 202 to maintain service continuity with Network_B 232 via SIM_B 206 while SIM_A 204 is out of its coverage area, while leaving open the opportunity for SIM A 204 to reconnect with network A 230. Processor 502 continues to monitor connection parameters associated with SIM_A 204 and SIM_B 206, which, in the example of FIG. 8, determines MUSIM-UE 202 has returned to the coverage area of network_A 230.

[0088] Because processor 502 determines MUSIM-UE 202, and therefore SIM_A 204, has reentered the coverage area of Network A 230, processor 502 executes instructions stored in memory 504 to a move service 1 back to netw ork A 230, the preferred network for that service. Thus, processor 502 updates and sends a newly updated UAI message / PN-IE to network A 230 and network B 232, indicating the preference to resume the 1st service on network A 230. Nctwork_A 230 performs a RRC Reconfiguration process with MUSIM-UE 202 to return to an RRC Connected State. It will be understood that the UAI message / PN-IE message may be sent before or after the RRC Reconfiguration process. It will also be understood that other processes may occur between the described steps without departing from the scope herein, one example of which is a Network Capability Communication step. The UE may then enter an RRC CONNECTED state with both Network A 230 and Network B 232, simultaneously receiving services from both networks, e.g., the 1st service on network_A 230 and the 2nd service on network_B 232.

[0089] In some cases, the preferred network indication procedure 800 may also include a step where MUSIM-UE 202 sends a UAI message / PN-IE to Network B 232 to indicate its intention to switch back to SIM A 204 for services. This may occur when the MUSIM-UE 202 always prioritizes network B 232 for a specific PDU session, senice, application, network slice, etc., e.g., the 1st service. Alternatively, this may occur when the UE detects that the quality of service on Network B 232 has deteriorated. Upon receiving this message, network B 232 may initiate a transfer of active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions, service, application, network slice, etc. from Network_B 232 to Network_A 230, as disclosed above, ensuring service continuity without the UE experiencing a substantial interruption.

[0090] The preferred network indication procedure 800 provides a method for a MUSIM-UE 202 to dynamically switch between networks based on network coverage, service quality, network capability, requirements, network parameters, etc. This allows the UE to maintain service continuity, QoS / QoE, and optimize its use of network resources.

[0091] Referring to FIG. 9, a flowchart of the Preferred Network Indication method 900 is depicted. The method begins with a Multi-SIM User Equipment (MUSIM-UE) in an RRC CONNECTED state with a preferred network and a nonpreferred network at process step 902. The MUSIM-UE monitors connection parameters of the two (or more) networks at process step 904. Decision step 906 determines if any network connection parameters are below a threshold or run counter to a service requirement. If the network parameters are below the threshold or run counter to a service requirement, the MUSIM-UE sends a UE Assistance Information (UAI) message, for example, with MUSIM- PreferredNetworkServices-rl8, to a nonpreferred netw orks to, for example, move a first service from a preferred network to a nonpreferred network at process step 908. The nonpreferred network then participates in an RRC Reconfiguration process with MUSIM-UE to provision the requested first service at process step 910, and the MUSIM-UE enters an RRC CONNECTED state with the nonpreferred network at process step 912.

[0092] An optional reconnection process 914 is shown where the MUSIM-UE may monitor the connection parameters of its associated network at process step 916. If the preferred network's parameters are above a threshold, as determined at decision step 918, the MUSIM-UE requests the 1st service to be moved back to the original preferred network at process step 920. The original preferred network participates in an RRC Reconfiguration process with the MUSIM-UE to provision the requested 1st service at process step 922, and the MUSIM-UE returns to an RRC CONNECTED state with the original network at process step 924.

[0093] In some aspects, the MUSIM-UE may perform Quality of Service (QoS) measurements on one or both of the preferred network and the non-preferred network. These QoS measurements may be used to determine if a switch from one SIM / network to another is warranted. For example, if the QoS on a network falls below a predefined threshold, the MUSIM-UE may transmit instructions to one or both networks to transfer one or more active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions from one network to another. This transfer of PDU sessions may be performed using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415.

[0094] In other aspects, the MUSIM-UE may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state with both networks. When one network's connection parameters fall below a threshold, the MUSIM-UE may request to continue its services on the other network. Uponthe connection parameters rise above the threshold on the original network, the MUSIM-UE may request to resume its services on the original network, ensuring seamless service continuity. It should be understood that this process need not be binary. That is, even if the MUSIM-UE is in the coverage area of a preferred network, for example an overlapping coverage area AB 512 of FIG. 5, but for whatever reason the preferred network is not capable of supporting a service, network slice, application, etc. then the present systems and methods contemplate only moving those services that are not receiving their requested or requirement to the other network and leaving others that are not impacted.

[0095] The preferred network indication method 900 provides a method for a MUSIM-UE 202 to dynamically switch between networks based on network coverage and service quality. This allows MUSIM-UE 202 to maintain service continuity and optimize its use of network resources.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 10, a flowchart for the Preferred Network Selection with PDU Session Transfer with Network Coordination 1000 is depicted. This flowchart outlines a process involving MUSIM-UE 202 configured with processor 502 and memory 504, which interfaces with two networks, network A 230 and network B 232, through two SIM cards, SIM A 204 and SIM B 206. The process begins with MUSIM-UE 202 in an RRC Connected State with network_A 230, where it sends information to make network_B 232 aware of network A 232 and vice versa, indicating a preferred network for specific services. As the UE transitions between the coverage areas of network A 230 and network B 232, for example as shown in FIG. 5, MUSIM-UE 202 participates in managing PDU session transfers between networks to maintain service continuity. The communication flow details the steps for the MUSIM-UE 202 to switch services between SIM A 204 and SIM B 206, including RRC reconfiguration and the execution of PNE (preferred network execution) instructions to ensure the MUSIM-UE 202 remains connected to the preferred network for designated services.

[0097] In the example of FIG. 10, the preferred network selection with PDU session transfer with network coordination 1000 begins with MUSIM-UE 202 in an RRC_CONNECTED state with network_A 230. MUSIM-UE 202 then sends information to network B 232 to make it aware of network A 230 and vice versa. This information may include data fields that identify the preferred network for specific services, for example, 1st services such as video and data on network_A 230 and second services such as voice on network B 232. MUSIM-UE 202 then sends a signaling information element to both network A 230 and network B 232 to indicate its preferred service(s) from each network. This signaling information element may include a flag, field, or identifier indicating to anetwork that it is the preferred network and a field specifying the preferred service(s) for that network. The preferred service(s) may include, but are not limited to, voice call, video call, data, and messaging services.

[0098] When MUSIM-UE 202, for example, transitions between the coverage areas of network A 230 and network s 232, it may manage PDU session transfers to maintain service continuity. A similar process is used when monitored network parameters are determined by the MUSIM-UE 202 to be below a threshold. This may involve processing the instructions from MUSIM-UE 202 to one or both of network A 230 and network s 232 to transfer one or more active PDU sessions from one network to the other. This transfer of PDU sessions may be performed using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415. A similar process is used when monitored network parameters are determined by the MUSIM-UE 202 to be below a threshold, as discussed above.

[0099] Communication flow 1000 also details the steps for the MUSIM-UE 202 to switch services between SIM_A 204 and SIM_B 206. This may involve MUSIM-UE 202 sending a request to switch to SIM_B 206 for one or more specific services when SIM_A 204, for example, goes out of coverage of network A 230. Upon receiving this request, netwrok_B232 sends an RRC Reconfiguration message to the UE to provision the requested service(s). MUSIM-UE 202 then enters an RRC_CONNECTED state with network_B 232, while SIM A 204 enters an RRC IDLE state in network A 230. This allows MUSIM-UE 202 to maintain service continuity with network B 232 while SIM A 204 is out of coverage.

[0100] Furthermore, when SIM A 204 re-enters the coverage area of network A 230, MUSIM-UE 202 sends a request to resume its moved service(s) on network A 230. Upon receiving this request, network A 230 participates in an RRC Reconfiguration process with MUSIM-UE 202 to provision the requested services back on network A 230. MUSIM-UE 202 then returns to an RRC CONNECTED state with both networks, receiving support for different services from the networks.

[0101] The preferred network selection with PDU session transfer with network coordination 1000 provides a method to dynamically switch PDU sessions between networks based on network coverage, service quality, and other parameters. This allows MUSIM-UE 202 to maintain service continuity and optimize its use of network resources.

[0102] Referring to FIG. 11, a flowchart of the Preferred Network Selection with PDU Session Transfer with Network Coordination method 1100 is depicted. This method outlines a process involving MUSIM-UE 202 with a processor 502 and memory 504, which interfaces with two networks, network A 230 and network B 232, through two SIM cards, SIM A 204and SIM B 206. The process begins with the start of method 1100, leading to a process step 1102 where the first network is made aware of the second network through shared data fields, e.g., via PLMN-ID data. A subsequent process step 1104 indicates the second network is similarly informed about the first network, e.g., via PLMN-ID data. The method then moves to process step 1106 where each network checks if there is deterioration in the ability of each network to support their MUSIM-UE dedicated service, i.e., network connection parameters are below a threshold.

[0103] The flowchart then presents a decision step 1108 to determine if there is deterioration in the ability of each network to support their MUSIM-UE dedicated service or if either network's connection parameters are below a threshold. If the parameters are below the threshold, the process leads to the afflicted network retrieving the PLMN-ID of the other network in process step 1110. This is followed by a process step 1112 where the PDU session is transferred to the other network using the PLMN-ID data. If the decision step 1108 results in a No', the flowchart loops back to check for network connection deterioration in process steps 1106.

[0104] After step 1112 the methodllOO moves to process step 1114 where the MUSIM- UE checks if there is deterioration in the ability of each network to support their MUSIM-UE dedicated service, i.e., network connection parameters are below a threshold.

[0105] In process step 1116, determines the results of step 1114. If decision step 1116 determines 'yes' there is some network deterioration or failing, the MUSIM-UE requests to continue prior first network services on the second network in process step 1118, and PDU sessions are transferred from the first SIM of the first network to the second SIM of the second network for continued service in process step 1120.

[0106] In some cases, the MUSIM-UE may monitor the quality of service (QoS), quality' of experience (QoE), or other parameters on each network and determine if a switch from one SIM to another is warranted based on these measurements. If the QoS, QoE, or other parameters on a network falls below a predefined threshold, the MUSIM-UE may transmit instructions to one or both networks to transfer one or more active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions from one network to another. This transfer of PDU sessions may be performed using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415.

[0107] In other aspects, MUSIM-UE 202 may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state with both networks. When one network's connection parameters fall below a threshold, the MUSIM-UE 202 may request to continue its services on the other network. Upon re-entering the coverage area of the original network, the MUSIM-UE 202 may requestto resume its services on the original network, ensuring seamless service continuity.

[0108] The preferred network selection with PDU session transfer with network coordination method 1100 provides a method for a MUSIM-UE 202 to dynamically switch between networks based on network coverage and service quality. This allows the UE to maintain service continuity and optimize its use of netw ork resources.

[0109] Referring to FIG. 12, a communication flow for the preferred netw ork selection via network steering 1200 is depicted. This flowchart outlines a process involving MUSIM-UE 202 with processor 502 and memory 504, which interfaces with two networks, network A 230 and network_B 232, through two SIM cards, SIM_A 204 and SIM_B 206.

[0110] The process begins with MUSIM-UE 202 in an RRC Connected State with network_A 230 and network_B 232. SIM_A 204 and SIM_B 206 communicate with the MUSIM UE 202 process or inform the processor 502 that SIMs 204, 206 are in RRC connected state with the networks. MUSIM-UE 202 then makes network B 232 aware of network_A 230 and vice versa via UserAssistancelnformation Element (UIE) 702, i.e., an information element. UIE 702 contains data that indicates the preferred network for each specific service, for example, via MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 702, 602, 606. In that example, the UA1 vtVa MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices-rl8 {mo-Voice}, {musimOtherPIMN, musimPLMN-ID} indicates network A 230 supports Voice data. In addition, UAI with MUSIM-PreferredNetworkServices-rl 8{mo-VideoCall, mo- Data}, {musimPLMN-ID, musimOtherPLMN} indicates the network_B 232 supports VideoCall and Data. As the MUSIM-UE 202 monitors the network parameters and determines network B 232 has QoS below a threshold it sends QoS or other network parameter measurement data to the networks for processing. In the example of FIG. 12, network B 232 determines it has QoS below a threshold for the services it supports (i.e., VideoCall and Data) it initiates a process to move one or more services to SIM A 204 / network_A 230. MUSIM-UE 202 replies to the communication to transfer services to network A 230 and network B 232 initiates a network-to-network transfer at the "NW_B Initiates PDU sessions / UE Context transfer to NW_A (Identified by PLMN ID defined in musimPLMN-ID)" step. Network_A 230 response to network_B 232 with a "Session / Context Transfer Response" which results in network B 232 transferring the MUSIM UE 202 PDU sessions / MUSIM-UE 202 Context to network_A 230.

[0111] Network B 232 goes into an RCC Idle State and network A 230 performs an RRC reconfiguration process with MUSIM-UE 202 and enters an RRC connected state. Network A 230 and SIM A 204then adapts PDU sessions from network B 232 andfor SIM A 204 which results in Video and Data transmission are handled by network A 230 and SIM A 204.

[0112] Signaling information element may include a flag, filed, or identifier indicating to a network that it is the preferred network for each specified service. The service may include, but are not limited to, voice call, video call, data, and messaging services. Also, instead of services the systems and methods may identify PDU sessions, network slices, applications, network segments, etc.

[0113] The preferred network selection via network steering 1200 provides a method for networks, informed by a MUSIM-UE, to dynamically switch betw een networks based on network coverage, service quality, or other network parameters measured by one or both of the MUSIM-UE and the networks. This allows the MUSIM-UE to participate in maintaining service continuity and optimize its use of network resources.

[0114] Referring to FIG. 13, a method of the Preferred Network Selection via Network Steering method 1300 is depicted. The method begins with the MUSIM-UE being in RRC CONNECTED states in at least two netw orks, one for a first service and one for a second service at process step 1302. The MUSIM-UE performs one or more measurements, such as a Quality of Service (QoS) measurement, on all network connections or networks and sends a measurement report to each network at process step 1304. Networks process their measurement report to determine if measurements are below one or more threshold at process step 1306, leading to a decision step 1308 where, if the network measurements are below a threshold at a network, the afflicted network sends a communication to MUSIM-UE to switch the afflicted network's service(s) to another connected network that may better support that service at process step 1310, then proceeds to step 312. If there are no issues identified on the networks, then method 1300 returns to step 1304.

[0115] At step 1312 the afflicted network initiates a PDU sessions / UE context transfer to the other connected network at process step 1312, and the other connected network responds to the PDU sessions / context transfer request at process step 1314. The afflicted network transfers the MUSIM-UE PDU sessions / UE context for the ongoing network services to the other connected network at process step 1316, and the other connected network processes the UE context / PDU sessions for service continuity to MUSIM-UE via associated SIM, and sends RRC reconfiguration to MUSIM-UE to reconfigure the SIM at process step 1318.

[0116] Upon successful RRC reconfiguration, the associated SIM goes into RRC CONNECTED state with the other network and MUSIM-UE begins to receive both 1st and 2nd services via the other network at process step 1320. This method provides a way for aMUSIM-UE to participate in dynamically switch between networks based on network coverage, service quality, or other network metrics measured by the MSUIM-UE and sent to the connected networks, allowing the MUSIM-UE to maintain service continuity and optimize its use of network resources. As discussed above, a transfer of PDU sessions may be performed using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415.

[0117] In other aspects, the MUSIM-UE may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state with both networks. When one network's connection parameters fall below a threshold, the MUSIM-UE may request to continue its services on the other network. Upon re-entering the coverage area of the original network or an increase of the measured network parameters, the MUSIM-UE may request to resume its services on the original network, ensuring seamless service continuity.

[0118] A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

[0119] Changes may be made in the above methods and systems without departing from the scope hereof. It should thus be noted that the matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings should be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. The following claims are intended to cover all generic and specific features described herein, as well as all statements of the scope of the present method and system, which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall there between.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method for preferred network selection in a Multi-SIM User Equipment (MUSIM-UE), the method comprising: transmitting a first signaling information element (IE) to a preferred network and a non-preferred network to indicate one or more first services dedicated to the preferred network w hen in an overlapping coverage area of the combined networks; determining the MUSIM-UE is out of the coverage area of preferred networks; preparing a second signaling IE to indicate the non-preferred netw ork will support the one or more first services; transmitting instructions from the MUSIM-UE to one or both of the preferred network and the non-preferred network to transfer one or more active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions associated w ith the one or more first sendees from the preferred netw ork to the non-preferred netw ork: and at the MUSIM-UE. transferring the one or more active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions associated wdth the one or more first services from the preferred network SIM to the non-preferred network SIM in coordination with the transfer of the one or more active protocol data unit (PDU) sessions associated w ith the one or more first sen ices from the preferred network and the non-preferred network.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the signaling IE comprises one or more flags, fields, reserved bits, or identifiers indicating which network is the preferred network and which sen ices are the one or more first services for the preferred network.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more first services include at least one of voice call senices, video services, data senices, and messaging services.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing Quality of Sendee (QoS) measurements on one or both of the preferred netw ork and the non-preferred network.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the QoS measurements are used to determine if a switch from one SIM to another is w arranted.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDU sessions are transferred using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a network measurement to determine a netw ork data on one or both of the preferred netw ork and the non-preferrednetwork, the network data utilized to determine which of the preferred netw ork and the nonpreferred network the one or more first services should be supported by.

8. A Multi-SIM User Equipment (MUSIM-UE) configured for preferred netw ork indication and selection in a dual-receive / dual-transmit environment, the comprising: a memory for storing MUSIM-UE instructions, network instructions in the form of a signal information element (IE), and MUSIM-UE generated network connection data; a processor configured to execute the MSUIM-UE and network instruction, stored in the memory, the instructions causing the MUSIM-UE to: prepare the signaling IE for transmission to a preferred network and a nonpreferred network, assign one or more first services to the preferred network SIM, prepare instructions for one or both of the preferred network and the nonpreferred network that reflect the assignment of the one or more first services to the preferred network SIM. and determine netw ork connection data; and a transmitter configured to transmit the signaling (IE) to one or both of a preferred network and the non-preferred netw ork to indicate the preferred network will support the one or more first sendees.

9. The MUSIM-UE of claim 8, wherein the network connection parameters determined by the processor is a Quality of Service (QoS) or Quality of Experience (QoE) measurement on one or both netw orks utilized to determine if one or more of the one or more first services should be transferred to the non-preferred network.

10. The MUSIM-UE of claim 8, wherein the processor executes instructions, stored in memory, to determine if a switch from one SIM to another is w arranted based on the determined network connection parameters.

11. The MUSIM-UE of claim 8, wherein the signaling IE comprises one or more flags, fields, reserved bits, or identifiers indicating which network is the preferred network and which services are the one or more first services for the preferred network.

12. The MUSIM-UE of claim 11, wherein the one or more first services include at least one of a voice service, a video service, a data service, and a messaging service.

13. The MUSIM-UE of claim 8. wherein the one or more first services are transferred using a procedure defined in 3GPP TS 38.415.

14. The MUSIM-UE of claim 8, further comprising the processor, by executing instructions stored in memory, re-assigns the one or more first services back to the non-preferred network SIM, prepares instructions for one or both of the preferred netw ork and the non-preferred network that reflect the reassigmnent of the one or more first services to the non-preferred network SIM based on determined network parameters showing the preferred network in out of coverage area.

15. A method for indicating a first network for a first sendee and a second network for a second service in a Multi-SIM User Equipment (MUSIM-UE) environment, the method comprising: preparing a signaling information element (IE) indicating a preference for the first sen ice supported by the first network and the second service supported by the second network; transmitting the signaling IE to one or both of the first network and second network instructing the first and second networks which services each w ill support; and at the MUSIM-UE, configuring a first network SIM associated with the first network with the first sen ice and a second network SIM associated with the second network with the second service.

16. The method of claim 15, w herein the MUSIM-UE is a dual-receive / dual-transmit MUSIM-UE.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the MUSIM-UE is a dual-receive / single-transmit MUSIM-UE.

18. The method of claim 15, further comprising determining a network parameter on one or both of the first and second networks.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising updating, at the MSUIM-UE, the signaling IE based on determined network parameter being below a threshold, transmitting the updated signaling IE to one or both of the first network and second network with instructions to change the which network supports one or both of the first service and the second service, and updating the first network SIM and the second network SIM in accordance with the network instructions.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the network parameter is one or a Quality of Service (QoS), a Quality of Experience (QOE), a Received Signal Strength (RSSI), a Bit Error Rate (BER), a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS), a servicepreferred level of security, a service preferred latency, a service preferred throughput, a service preferred network stability, and a service preferred network capability .

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