System and apparatus for initializing handover in a network and a method in association thereto

Abstract

System (100), apparatus (102) and a method (300) for initializing handover in a network are disclosed. The method (300) includes obtaining past measurements associated with Radio Resource Management (RRM); determining a failure time based on the past measurements; generating a report including the failure time; and determining a duration for initializing handover in the network based on the report.

Description

SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR INITIALIZING HANDOVER IN A NETWORK AND A METHOD IN ASSOCIATION THERETOField Of Invention

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to one or both of a system and an apparatus for initializing handover in a network in association with, for example, a User Equipment (UE) usable for communication. The present disclosure further relates a method which can be associated with the system and / or the apparatus.Background of Invention

[0002] Generally, energy efficiency and power saving would be helpful in communication networks, for example, a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G (fifth generation) New Radio (NR) standard-based telecommunications network.

[0003] In existing networks, a User Equipment (UE) uses the time to trigger (TTT) value, approximately 1 second for initializing handover which may result in Radio Link Failure (RLF) if the handover is not completed before Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and / or Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) values of the serving cell becomes poor. Thus, the current techniques can result in inefficient handovers which may not facilitate efficiency and power saving in an optimal manner.

[0004] The present disclosure contemplates that it would be helpful to address or at least mitigate one or more issues in relation to conventional techniques for facilitating energy efficiency and power saving.Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for initializing handover in a network, the method comprising: obtaining pastmeasurements associated with Radio Resource Management (RRM); determining a failure time based on the past measurements; generating a report including the failure time; and determining a duration for initializing handover in the network based on the report.

[0006] Advantageously, the method as described can allow better optimization for handover. The handover can be triggered based on the serving cell quality after event A3, when a neighboring cell's signal quality surpasses the serving cell's signal quality by a specified offset, is triggered.

[0007] In an embodiment, obtaining past measurements comprises obtaining past RRM measurements related to radio link failure (RLF) based on User Equipment (UE) trajectory and UE speed.

[0008] In an embodiment, the method further includes transmitting the report to a network for determining the duration.

[0009] In an embodiment, determining a failure time comprises determining an estimated radio link failure (RLF) time via an Artificial Intelligence (Al) model.

[0010] In an embodiment, the method further comprises transmitting the duration to a user device via at least one of: physical layer (L1 ), data link layer (L2) and / or network layer (L3) signaling.

[0011] In an embodiment, the duration comprises a time to trigger (TTT).

[0012] In an embodiment, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method according to the first aspect.

[0013] In an embodiment, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having data stored therein representing software executable by a computer, the software including instructions, when executed by the computer, to carry out the method of the first aspect.

[0014] In an embodiment, there is provided an apparatus for initializing handover in a network comprising: a first module (202) configured to receive at least one input signal relating to obtain past measurements associated with Radio Resource Management (RRM); a second module (204) configured to at least one of process and facilitate the method (300) of the first aspect to generate at least one output signal; and a third module (206) configured to communicate at least one output signal, wherein the output signal corresponds to a control signal for initializing handover in a network.

[0015] In an embodiment, the apparatus corresponds to a User Equipment (UE) communicable with a device corresponding to a base station, and wherein the base station corresponds to a Next generation Node B (gNB) configured to communicate the at least one input signal to the UE.

[0016] In an embodiment, there is provided a system comprising: at least one apparatus(es); and at least one device(s), wherein the apparatus(es) and the device(s) are capable of being coupled via at least one of wired coupling and wireless coupling.

[0017] Advantageously, the system as disclosed herein can have energy savings in the network and can allow efficient handovers in the network. The system may also provide fundamental mechanisms of interworking and data information flow in radio access network collaboration for Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) support. AI / ML performance for wireless communication can thus be improved based on the gNB-UE collaboration operation for AI / ML support.Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] Embodiments of the disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0019] Fig. 1A shows a schematic diagram illustrating a system for initializing handover in a network which can include at least one apparatus, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0020] Fig. 1 B to Fig. 1 C show example scenarios in association with the system of Fig. 1A, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0021] Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram illustrating the apparatus of Fig. 1A in further detail, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0022] Fig. 3 shows a method in association with the system of Fig. 1 A, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0023] Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B show schematic diagrams illustrating the flow of information in association with the method of Fig. 3, according to an embodiment of the invention.Detailed Description

[0024] Some portions of the description which follows are explicitly or implicitly presented in terms of algorithms and functional or symbolic representations of operations on data within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and functional or symbolic representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to convey most effectively the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities, such as electrical, magneticor optical signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated.

[0025] The present specification also discloses apparatus for performing the operations of the methods. Such apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or may comprise a computer or other device selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various machines may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein. Alternatively, the construction of more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps may be appropriate. The structure of a computer will appear from the description below.

[0026] In addition, the present specification also implicitly discloses a computer program, in that it would be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the individual steps of the method described herein may be put into effect by computer code. The computer program is not intended to be limited to any particular programming language and implementation thereof. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages and coding thereof may be used to implement the teachings of the disclosure contained herein. Moreover, the computer program is not intended to be limited to any particular control flow. There are many other variants of the computer program, which can use different control flows without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure.

[0027] Furthermore, one or more of the steps of the computer program may be performed in parallel rather than sequentially. Such a computer program may be stored on any computer readable medium. The computer readable medium may include storage devices such as magnetic or optical disks, memory chips, or other storage devices suitable for interfacing with a computer. The computer readable medium may also include a hard-wired medium such as exemplified in the Internet system, or wireless medium such as exemplified in the mobile telephone system. The computer program when loaded and executed on such a computer effectively results in an apparatus that implements the steps of the preferred method.

[0028] The present disclosure generally contemplates the facilitation and optimization of a network (for example in association with 3GPP based standard / specification etc.) and / or user equipment (UE) efficiency and mobility (for example energy efficiency or power saving), in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Specifically, the present disclosure contemplates the possibility of realizing an efficient handover by adjusting a time to trigger (TTT) value in connection with 3GPP Release 19 (and beyond) standard(s).

[0029] The present disclosure generally contemplates the basis for a level 3 (L3) handover (e.g. Radio Resource Control (RRC) handover) procedure can be network-controlled mobility, which may come in two flavors, i.e. beam-level mobility and cell level mobility. Beam-level mobility may be handled in lower layers, Medium Access Control (MAC) and the physical layer and can be essentially identical to beam management. Cell-level mobility, on the other hand, may require RRC signaling and may imply changing the serving cell.

[0030] The present disclosure contemplates a device (e.g. user device or UE) may be configured with measurements to perform on candidate cells, filtering of the measurements, and event-triggered reporting to the network. The device location can be known to the network on a cell level as the network is in charge of determining when the device should be moved to a different cell.

[0031] The present disclosure contemplates that 5G NR Event Reporting can include Event A1 , Event A2, Event A3, Event A4, Event A5 and Event A6. Based on the events, triggering of measurement reports may occur. For example, Event A1 can be a measurement report event when the serving cell signal quality becomes better than a pre-determined threshold. Event A2 can be another measurement report event when the serving cell signal quality becomes worse than the pre-determined threshold. Event A3 can be a measurement report event when the neighbor cell signal quality becomes better than the special cell (or SpCell) signal quality by an offset. Event A4 can be a measurement report event when theneighbor cell signal quality becomes better than the threshold. Event A5 can be a measurement report event when the SpCell signal quality becomes worse than a first pre-defined threshold (thresholdl ) and the neighbor cell signal quality becomes better than a second pre-defined threshold (threshold2). Event A6 can be a measurement report event when the neighbor cell signal quality becomes better than a secondary cell (SCell) by an offset.

[0032] The present disclosure also contemplates that the network usually triggers handover procedure based on the received measurement events for normal mobility. For example, Events A3 or A5 can be used to trigger coverage-based mobility and Event A4 can be used to trigger load balance-based mobility. Regarding measurement event prediction, the intention can be to predict when or what event will be fulfilled. The event prediction may mainly consider temporal-domain prediction.

[0033] The present disclosure also contemplates the possibility of a study on Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) for mobility in New Radio (NR). This can include the study and evaluation of potential benefits and gains of AI / ML aided mobility for network triggered L3-based handover. The following aspects can be considered. One aspect includes AI / ML based radio resource management (RRM) measurement and event prediction, whereby cell-level measurement prediction including intra and inter-frequency (UE sided and network NW sided model). Another aspect includes inter-cell Beam-level measurement prediction for L3 Mobility (UE sided and NW sided model). A further aspect includes handover failure or Radio Link Failure (RLF) prediction (UE sided model). Yet another aspect includes measurement events prediction (UE sided model). The present disclosure thus contemplates the possibility of studying the need or benefits of any other UE assistance information for the network side model.

[0034] The present disclosure further contemplates the possibility of studying at least measurement event evaluation based on RRM measurement prediction result. Direct measurement event prediction can also be allowed and clarifications on whatis being used as input can be provided with results. The present disclosure thus contemplates that measurement event may start with Event A3 as a baseline and the study of measurement event prediction can start after further progress on RRM measurement prediction has been made.

[0035] The present disclosure thus contemplates the possibility of a method whereby the UE (or user device) transmits predicted measurement report with the time at which RLF may occur. The gNB (or network or base station) may then dynamically adjust the time to trigger (TTT) value based on the predicted measurement report from the UE.

[0036] In the above manner, power saving and energy consumption efficiency can possibly be facilitated in the UE or the network, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0037] The foregoing will be discussed in further detail with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 hereinafter.

[0038] Referring to Fig. 1A, a schematic diagram illustrating a system 100 for initializing handover in a network is shown, according to an embodiment of the invention. The system 100 can, for example, be suitable for facilitating energy / power efficiency, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0039] As shown, the system 100 can include one or more apparatuses 102, at least one device 104 and, optionally, a communication network 106, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0040] The apparatus(es) 102 can be coupled to the device(s) 104. Specifically, the apparatus(es) 102 can, for example, be coupled to the device(s) 104 via the communication network 106, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0041] In one embodiment, the apparatus(es) 102 can be coupled to the communication network 106 and the device(s) 104 can be coupled to the communication network 106. Coupling can be by manner of one or both of wired coupling and wireless coupling. The apparatus(es) 102 can, in general, be configured to communicate with the device(s) 104 via the communication network 106, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0042] The apparatus(es) 102 can, for example, be associated with or correspond to or include one or more user equipment (UE) which can carry one or more computers, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. For example, an apparatus 102 can correspond to a UE carrying at least one computer (e.g. an electronic device or module having computing capabilities such as an electronic mobile device which can be carried into a vehicle or an electronic module which can be installed in a vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention) which can be configured to perform one or more processing tasks in association with adaptive / dynamic / gradual control, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0043] In an embodiment, the apparatus(es) 102 can, for example, be configured to receive one or more input signals and perform at least one processing task based on the input signal(s) in a manner to generate one or more output signals. The input signal(s) can, for example, be communicated from the device(s) 104 and received by the apparatus(es) 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The input signal can be related to obtaining past measurements associated with Radio Resource Management (RRM). As a possible option, the output signal(s) can, for example, be communicated from the apparatus(es) 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The output signal may correspond to a control signal for initializing handover in a network. The apparatus(es) 102 will be discussed later in further detail with reference to Fig. 2, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0044] The device(s) 104 can, for example, be associated with / correspond to at least one base station, where the at least one base station can be a Next GenerationNode B (gNB). Moreover, the device(s) 104 can, for example, be configured to carry / be associated with / include one or more computers (e.g., an electronic device / module having computing capabilities) which can, for example, be configured to perform one or more processing tasks in association with the base station. The device(s) 104 can be configured to generate one or more input signals which can be communicated to the apparatus(es) 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. This will be discussed later in further detail in the context of an example scenario, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0045] The communication network 106 can, for example, correspond to an Internet communication network, a cellular-based communication network, a wired-based communication network, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based communication network, a wireless-based communication network, or any combination thereof. Communication (e.g., between the apparatuses 102 and / or between the apparatus(es) 102 and the device(s) 104) via the communication network 106 can be by manner of one or both of wired communication and wireless communication.

[0046] As mentioned, the apparatus(es) 102 can, for example, be configured to receive at least one input signal and perform at least one processing task in association with dynamic / adaptive / gradual control on the input signal(s) in a manner so as to generate at least one output signal. Moreover, the device(s) 104 can, for example, be configured to generate (and communicate) the input signal(s) to the apparatus(es) 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. This will be discussed, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, in the context of an example scenario with reference to Fig. 1 B to Fig. 1 C, hereinafter.

[0047] Fig. 1 B to Fig. 1 C show example scenarios in association with the system of Fig. 1 A, according to an embodiment of the invention. Specifically, Fig. 1 B shows an example of a L3 handover signalling, e.g. a Radio Resource Control (RRC) handover signaling. As shown in the Figure, it includes a UE (or user device), a source gNB (or source cell) and a target gNB (or target cell). The UE (or user device) may measure signal quality and transmit a measurement report to thesource gNB for a handover decision. Data transmission between the source gNB and the target gNB, e.g. RRC reconfiguration, handover request and acknowledgement, may allow the UE to switch cells, from the source gNB to the target gNB.

[0048] Fig. 1 C shows a graph illustrating the relationship between downlink Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and UE location. Specifically, it shows the conditions to trigger a handover in a network, e.g. 5G network. The graph shows Event A3 for which the target cell is better than the source cell by a certain threshold for at least time to trigger (TTT) duration. The present disclosure contemplates that handover can be triggered due to changing radio conditions and the UE's connection with the source cell may weaken. The network may decide to handover the UE to another cell that has better radio conditions after a certain threshold has been reached. The network may know these conditions based on measurement reports sent by the UE.

[0049] The above-described aspect(s) of the system 100 of the present invention can also apply analogously (all) the aspect(s) of a below described apparatus 102 of the present invention. Likewise, all below described aspect(s) of the apparatus 102 of the invention can also apply analogously (all) the aspect(s) of above-described system 100 of the invention.

[0050] The aforementioned apparatus(es) 102 or User Equipment (UE) will be discussed in further detail with reference to Fig. 2 hereinafter.

[0051] Referring to Fig. 2, a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus 102 is shown in further detail in the context of an example implementation 200, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0052] In the example implementation 200, the apparatus 102 can correspond to an electronic module 200a. The electronic module 200a can, in one example, correspond to a mobile device which can, for example, be carried into the vehicle by a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In another example, theelectronic module 200a can correspond to an electronic device which can be installed / mounted in the vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In this regard, the electronic module 200a can be considered to be carried by the vehicle (e.g., either carried into the vehicle by a user or installed / mounted in the vehicle).

[0053] It is contemplated that the electronic module 200a can be capable of performing one or more processing tasks in association with adaptive / dynamic / gradual control related processing, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0054] The electronic module 200a can, for example, include a casing 200b. Moreover, the electronic module 200a can, for example, carry any one of a first module 202, a second module 204, a third module 206, or any combination thereof.

[0055] In one embodiment, the electronic module 200a can carry a first module 202, a second module 204 and / or a third module 206. In a specific example, the electronic module 200a can carry a first module 202, a second module 204 and a third module 206, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0056] In this regard, it is appreciable that, in one embodiment, the casing 200b can be shaped and dimensioned to carry any one of the first module 202, the second module 204 and the third module 206, or any combination thereof.

[0057] The first module 202 can be coupled to one or both of the second module 204 and the third module 206. The second module 204 can be coupled to one or both of the first module 202 and the third module 206. The third module 206 can be coupled to one or both of the first module 202 and the second module 204. In one example, the first module 202 can be coupled to the second module 204 and the second module 204 can be coupled to the third module 206, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Coupling between the first module 202, the second module 204 and / or the third module 206 can, for example, be by manner of one or both of wired coupling and wireless coupling. Each of the first module 202, thesecond module 204 and the third module 206 can correspond to one or both of a hardware-based module and a software-based module, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0058] In one example, the first module 202 can correspond to a hardware-based receiver which can be configured to receive one or more input signals. The input signal(s) can, for example, be communicated from the device(s) 104 (or base station e.g., a gNB), in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0059] The second module 204 can, for example, correspond to a hardware-based processor which can be configured to perform one or more processing tasks (e.g., in a manner so as to generate one or more output signals) as will be discussed later in further detail with reference to Fig. 3, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0060] The third module 206 can correspond to a hardware-based transmitter which can be configured to communicate one or more output signals from the electronic module 200a. The output signal(s) can, for example, include one or more instructions / commands / control signals in association with the aforementioned dynamic / adaptive / gradual control configuration / determination strategy so as to facilitate efficiency (e.g., power / energy efficiency and / or communication efficiency), in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. For example, the output signal(s) can be a control signal(s) to initialize handover in a network.

[0061] The present disclosure contemplates the possibility that the first and second modules 202, 204 can be an integrated software-hardware based module, for example, an electronic part which can carry a software program or algorithm in association with receiving and processing functions or an electronic module programmed to perform the functions of receiving and processing. The present disclosure further contemplates the possibility that the first and third modules 202, 206 can be an integrated software-hardware based module, for example an electronic part which can carry a software program or algorithm in association with receiving and transmitting functions or an electronic module programmed to performthe functions of receiving and transmitting. The present disclosure yet further contemplates the possibility that the first and third modules 202, 206 can be an integrated hardware module, for example a hardware-based transceiver, capable of performing the functions of receiving and transmitting.

[0062] The UE can, for example, be further configured to process the input signal(s), as will be discussed later in further detail with reference to Fig. 3, in a manner so as to generate one or more output signals in a manner so as to facilitate efficiency, for example power efficiency or energy efficiency, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In one specific example, the output signal(s) can include one or more control signals to facilitate some form of dynamic / adaptive / gradual control configuration / determination strategy so as to facilitate efficiency, for example power efficiency or energy efficiency, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. For example, the output signal(s) can be a control signal(s) to initialize handover in a network.

[0063] The above-described aspect(s) of the apparatus 102 of the present invention can also apply analogously (all) the aspect(s) of a below described processing / communication method of the present invention. Likewise, all below described aspect(s) of the method of the invention can also apply analogously (all) the aspect(s) of above described apparatus 102 of the invention. It is to be appreciated that these remarks apply analogously to the earlier discussed system 100 of the present disclosure.

[0064] Referring to Fig. 3, a method 300 (or a communication method) for initializing handover in a network in association with the system 100 is shown, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0065] The method 300 can, for example, be suitable for facilitating energy efficiency, network optimization and power saving in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0066] The method 300 can include any one of an input step 302, a processing step 304 and an output step 306, or any combination thereof, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0067] In an embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the input step 302. In another embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the input step 302 and the processing step 304. In another embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the input step 302, the processing step 304 and the output step 306. In yet another embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the processing step 304 and one or both of the input step 302 and the output step 306. In yet a further embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the input step 302, the processing step 304 and the output step 306. In yet a further additional embodiment, the processing method 300 can include the processing step 304. In yet another further additional embodiment, the processing method 300 can include any one of or any combination of the input step 302, the processing step 304 and the output step 306 (i.e. , the input step 302, the processing step 304 and / or the output step 306).

[0068] With regard to the input step 302, one or more input signal(s) can be received. For example, the input signal(s) can be communicated from the device(s) 104 and can be received by an apparatus 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0069] The input step 302 can include receiving at least one input signal relating to obtain past measurements associated with Radio Resource Management (RRM). The past RRM measurements can be related to radio link failure (RLF) based on User Equipment (UE) trajectory and UE speed.

[0070] With regard to the processing step 304, at least a processing task can be performed in association with the received input signal(s) in a manner so as to generate one or more output signals, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0071] The processing step 304 may include at least one of: determining a failure time based on the past measurements; generating a report including the failure time; determining a duration for initializing handover in the network based on the report; and transmitting the report to a network for determining the duration. Determining a failure time may comprise determining an estimated radio link failure (RLF) time via an Artificial Intelligence (Al) model.

[0072] The processing step 304 may further include transmitting the duration to a user device via at least one of: physical layer (L1 ), data link layer (L2) and / or network layer (L3) signaling. The duration may include a time to trigger (TTT) duration.

[0073] In an embodiment, the UE (or user device) may transmit predicted measurement report with the time at which RLF may occur. Based on the predicted measurement report from the UE (or user device), the gNB (or base station) may dynamically adjust the TTT value. This can allow better optimization for handover and handover can be triggered based on the serving cell quality after Event A3 is triggered.

[0074] In an embodiment, the UE (or user device) may transmit predicted measurement report with the time at which RLF may occur. Based on the predicted measurement report from the UE, the gNB (or base station) dynamically adjusts the TTT value. In an example embodiment, the UE (or user device) behavior may include triggering an Al event based on predictive RRM measurement results from the UE side Al model. The UE (or user device) may transmit the measurement report from the UE along with a predicted time at which RLF may occur. The Al event prediction model may include an input having past RRM Measurements at which RLF occurred with UE trajectory and speed. The Al prediction model may include an output of a time at which RLF may occur. Based on the output of the Al model, the UE may send the RRM measurement report to the gNB with the predicted time at which RLF may occur. The gNB (or base station) behaviour may include dynamically adjusting the TTT value based on the predicted measurementreport from the UE (or user device). The gNB (or base station) can signal the TTT value in L1 (Downlink Control Information DCI), or L2 (Medium Access Control - Control Element MAC-CE) or L3 (RRC Reconfiguration) signaling.

[0075] With regards to the output step 306, the output signal(s) can, for example, be communicated, as an option, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. For example, the output signal(s) can optionally be communicated from the apparatus 102. In a more specific example, the output signal(s) can optionally be communicated from the apparatus 102 to one or both of at least one device 104 and another apparatus 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In an embodiment, the apparatus 102 (or UE) may also perform the input step 302, the processing step 304 and the output step 306.

[0076] The present disclosure further contemplates a computer program (not shown) which can include instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer (not shown), cause the computer to carry out the input step 302, the processing step 304 and / or the output step 306 as discussed with reference to the method 300. For example, the computer program can include instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the input step 302 and / or the processing step 304, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0077] The present disclosure yet further contemplates a computer readable storage medium (not shown) having data stored therein representing software executable by a computer (not shown), the software including instructions, when executed by the computer, to carry out the input step 302, the processing step 304 and / or the output step 306 as discussed with reference to the method 300. For example, the computer readable storage medium can have data stored therein representing software executable by a computer, the software including instructions, when executed by the computer, cause the computer to carry out the input step 302 and / or the processing step 304, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0078] Further in view of the foregoing, it is appreciable that the present disclosure generally contemplates an apparatus 102 which can include a first module 202, a second module 204 and / or a third module 206.

[0079] The first module 202 can be configured to receive one or more input signals. The input signal(s) can, for example, be related to obtain past measurements associated with Radio Resource Management (RRM).

[0080] The second module 204 can be configured to process and / or facilitate processing of the input signal(s) according to the method 300 as discussed earlier to generate one or more output signals.

[0081] The third module 206 can be configured to communicate one or more output signals. The output signal(s) can, for example, correspond to one or more control signals for initializing handover in a network.

[0082] In one embodiment, the apparatus 102 can correspond to a User Equipment (UE) which can communicate with a device 104 corresponding to a base station. The base station can, for example, correspond to a Next generation Node B (gNB) which can be configured to communicate one or more signals (e.g., input signal(s)) to the UE.

[0083] Yet further in view of the foregoing, it is appreciable that the present disclosure generally contemplates a system 100 which can include one or more apparatuses 102 and one or more devices 104. The apparatus(es) 102 and the device(s) 104 can, for example, be capable of being coupled via wired coupling and / or wireless coupling.

[0084] It should be appreciated that the embodiments described above can be combined in any manner as appropriate (e.g., one or more embodiments as discussed in the “Detailed Description” section can be combined with one or more embodiments as described in the “Summary of the Invention” section).

[0085] It should be further appreciated by the person skilled in the art that variations and combinations of embodiments described above, not being alternatives or substitutes, may be combined to form yet further embodiments.

[0086] In one example, the possibility of the output signal(s) being communicated from the apparatus(es) 102 was discussed. It is appreciable that the output signal(s) need not necessarily be communicated from the apparatus(es) 102. Specifically, the possibility that the output signal(s) need not necessarily be communicated outside of the apparatus(es) 102 is contemplated, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. More specifically, the output signal(s) can, for example, correspond to internal command(s) / instruction(s) (e.g., communicated only within an apparatus 102) for adaptively controlling operational configuration of an apparatus 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0087] In another example, application(s) of the present disclosure in association with / in the context of low power wake up radio and / or ambient loT (Internet of Things) type device(s) can be possible, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0088] Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B show schematic diagrams illustrating the flow of information in association with the method of Fig. 3, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0089] In the example context as shown in Fig. 4A, a gNB (or base station or cell) can, for example, be configured to signal the TT value for the UE (or user device) based on predictive measurement report.

[0090] In the example context as shown in Fig. 4B, a User Equipment (UE) can be configured to predict the RLF time and report to the gNB (or base station or cell) with the measurement report.

[0091] In the foregoing manner, various embodiments of the disclosure are described for addressing at least one of the foregoing disadvantages. Such embodiments are intended to be encompassed by the following claims and are not to be limited to specific forms or arrangements of parts so described and it will be apparent to one skilled in the art in view of this disclosure that numerous changes and / or modification can be made, which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

Claims

Claim(s)1 . A method (300) for initializing handover in a network, the method comprising: obtaining past measurements associated with Radio Resource Management(RRM); determining a failure time based on the past measurements; generating a report including the failure time; and determining a duration for initializing handover in the network based on the report.

2. The method (300) according to claim 1 , wherein obtaining past measurements comprises obtaining past RRM measurements related to radio link failure (RLF) based on User Equipment (UE) trajectory and UE speed.

3. The method (300) according to claim 1 , further comprising transmitting the report to a network for determining the duration.

4. The method (300) according to claim 1 , wherein determining a failure time comprises determining an estimated radio link failure (RLF) time via an Artificial Intelligence (Al) model.

5. The method (300) according to claim 1 , further comprising transmitting the duration to a user device via at least one of: physical layer (L1 ), data link layer (L2) and / or network layer (L3) signaling.

6. The method (300) according to claim 1 , wherein the duration comprises a time to trigger (TTT).

7. A computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method (300) according to any of the preceding claims.

8. A computer readable storage medium having data stored therein representing software executable by a computer, the software including instructions, when executed by the computer, to carry out the method (300) according to any one of claims 1 -6.

9. An apparatus (102) for initializing handover in a network comprising: a first module (202) configured to receive at least one input signal relating to obtain past measurements associated with Radio Resource Management (RRM); a second module (204) configured to at least one of process and facilitate the method (300) of claim 1 to claim 6 to generate at least one output signal; and a third module (206) configured to communicate at least one output signal, wherein the output signal corresponds to a control signal for initializing handover in the network.

10. The apparatus (102) according to claim 9, wherein the apparatus (102) corresponds to a User Equipment (UE) communicable with a device (104) corresponding to a base station, and wherein the base station corresponds to a Next generation Node B (gNB) configured to communicate the at least one input signal to the UE.

11. A system (100) comprising: at least one apparatus (102) according to any of claims 9 and 10; and at least one device (104) according to claim 10, wherein the apparatus (102) and the device (104) are capable of being coupled via at least one of wired coupling and wireless coupling.

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