Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications. Provided are a communication method and apparatus. The method comprises: a transmitting end acquiring K groups of initial signals; respectively performing transform domain pre-coding on the K groups of initial signals, so as to obtain K groups of frequency-domain signals; and mapping the K groups of frequency-domain signals to P frequency-domain units in an interleaving manner, and performing inverse Fourier transform, so as to obtain a signal to be transmitted. The K groups of initial signals comprise L groups of first signals and N groups of second signals, and each group of initial signals comprises R signals. Each group of first signals comprises (R / K) modulation signals and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals which correspond to a data signal, and each group of second signals comprises (R / K) modulation signals and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals which correspond to a reference signal. In an i-th group of initial signals among the K groups, two adjacent modulation signals are spaced apart by (K-1) zero-power signals, and the first modulation signal is located at an i-th bit. The method enables a signal to be transmitted to have a single-carrier characteristic, such that the PAPR of the signal can be reduced, thereby increasing the transmission power and improving the coverage.

Description

Communication methods and devices

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410914929.9, filed on July 8, 2024, entitled "Communication Method and Apparatus", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to communication methods and apparatus. Background Technology

[0003] In a communication system, the data signal sent by the transmitter can be received by the receiver after passing through the transmission channel. The data signal undergoes changes during transmission (e.g., noise is added, or the signal fades), so the data signal received by the receiver differs from the data signal sent by the transmitter. To accurately reconstruct the data signal sent by the transmitter, the receiver needs to understand the changes the data signal underwent during transmission; therefore, a reference signal (RS) is introduced.

[0004] A reference signal is a known signal that can be transmitted along with the data signal in the transmission channel. The receiver compares the received reference signal with the actual reference signal to estimate the changes in the data signal transmitted along with the reference signal in the transmission channel, thus reconstructing the received data signal from the transmitted signal. Furthermore, reference signals can also be used for channel quality measurement, obtaining weights for analog beamforming, or target sensing.

[0005] Typically, reference and data signals are transmitted using time-division multiplexing, meaning they are transmitted through different time-domain resources. This approach results in low spectral efficiency. Therefore, a frequency-division multiplexing scheme has been proposed, where reference and data signals are transmitted through different frequency-domain resources. However, this approach leads to a higher peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal, resulting in lower transmission power and impacting coverage. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a communication method and apparatus that can reduce the PAPR of the transmitted signal when the reference signal and data are transmitted in a frequency division multiplexing manner, thereby increasing the transmission power of the transmitted signal and improving coverage.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] Firstly, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a transmitting end. Here, "transmitting end" can refer to the transmitting end itself, or to a processor, circuit, module, logic node, chip, or chip system within the transmitting end that implements the method. For example, the transmitting end can be a radio access network (RAN) node or terminal.

[0009] The method includes: acquiring K initial signals; performing transform precoding on the K initial signals to obtain K frequency domain signals; interleaving and mapping the K frequency domain signals to P frequency domain units to obtain P frequency domain signals; performing inverse Fourier transform on the P frequency domain signals to obtain the signal to be transmitted; and transmitting the signal to be transmitted. Each initial signal group includes R signals, and the K initial signals group includes L first signals and N second signals. Each first signal group includes (R / K) modulated signals corresponding to the data signal and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals. Each second signal group includes (R / K) modulated signals corresponding to the reference signal and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals. For the i-th initial signal in the K initial signals group, among the multiple signals it includes, there is an interval of (K-1) zero-power signals between two adjacent modulated signals, and the first modulated signal is located at the i-th position. R is an integer greater than 2 and R is an integer multiple of K. L and N are both positive integers, K is equal to (L+N), and i is a positive integer less than or equal to K. P is greater than or equal to (K×R).

[0010] Based on the method provided in the first aspect above, the transmitting end can group the modulation signals corresponding to the data signal and the modulation signals corresponding to the reference signal into groups, staggering the positions of the modulation signals in different groups. Then, each group of signals is precoded in the transform domain. The K groups of frequency domain signals obtained after transform domain precoding are interleaved and mapped in the frequency domain, thereby enabling the reference signal and data signal to be transmitted using frequency domain multiplexing, and the signal to be transmitted possesses single-carrier characteristics. Therefore, the method provided in the first aspect above can reduce the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted, thereby increasing transmission power and improving coverage.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the above-mentioned transform-domain precoding of the K initial signals to obtain the K frequency domain signals includes: multiplying each signal in the K initial signals by a phase rotation factor to obtain the K third signals; and performing discrete Fourier transform on the K third signals to obtain the K frequency domain signals.

[0012] Based on the above possible implementation methods, each signal in the K initial signals can be multiplied by a phase rotation factor so that the phases of different signals in the K initial signals are staggered, thereby reducing the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted.

[0013] In one possible implementation, in the combined signal obtained by superimposing K groups of third signals, the phase difference between any two adjacent signals is the same; the combined signal includes R signals.

[0014] Based on the above possible implementation methods, it is possible to achieve phase shifting of different signals in K initial signals.

[0015] In one possible implementation, for the k-th initial signal in the K initial signals, the first phase rotation factor multiplied by the s-th signal is related to s, or to both s and k; where k is a positive integer less than or equal to K, and s is a positive integer less than or equal to R.

[0016] Based on the above possible implementation methods, the first phase rotation factor can be determined based on s, or based on s and k.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the first phase rotation factor is also related to the first phase; the first phase is the phase of the t-th signal in the (k+1)-th group of the third signals in the K groups; or, the first phase is the phase of the t-th signal in the (k-1)-th group of the third signals in the K groups; where t = s+1 or t = s-1.

[0018] Based on the above possible implementation methods, the first phase rotation factor can be determined based on the first phase.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the first phase rotation factor is: or or or Where c is a constant, M = R, and m is related to s, or M = R × K, and m is related to s and k.

[0020] Based on the above possible implementation methods, it is possible to base it on or or or Determine the phase rotation factor by which each of the K initial signals is multiplied.

[0021] In one possible implementation, multiplying each signal in the K initial signals by a phase rotation factor to obtain the K third signals includes: multiplying each modulation signal in the K initial signals by a phase rotation factor to obtain the K third signals.

[0022] Based on the above possible implementation methods, each modulation signal in the K initial signals can be multiplied by a phase rotation factor so that the phases of different modulation signals in the K initial signals are staggered, thereby reducing the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving first indication information, the first indication information indicating that a reference signal and a data signal are transmitted using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method; or, sending second indication information, the second indication information indicating that the signal to be transmitted is obtained using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method.

[0024] Based on the above possible implementations, the transmitting end can determine, according to the first indication information, to transmit the reference signal and data signal using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method. Alternatively, the transmitting end can indicate to the receiving end that the signal to be transmitted is obtained using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method, so that the receiving end can perform the corresponding inverse operation to process the received signal.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the index of the modulation and decoding scheme of the data signal is less than or equal to a first value, or the modulation scheme of the data signal is... Binary phase shift keying.

[0026] Based on the above possible implementation methods, the index of the modulation and encoding / decoding scheme of the data signal can be less than or equal to the first value, or the modulation method of the data signal can be... In the case of binary phase shift keying, the reference signal and data signal are transmitted using the method provided in the first aspect above.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the first value is 5 or 9.

[0028] Based on the above possible implementation methods, when the index of the modulation and decoding scheme of the data signal is less than or equal to 5 (or 9), such as using... When modulating data signals using low-order modulation methods such as binary phase-shift keying, the method provided in the first aspect above is used to transmit reference signals and data signals.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the modulation scheme of the data signal and the reference signal is as follows: Binary phase shift keying or binary modulation.

[0030] In one possible implementation, K groups of frequency domain signals are interleaved and mapped to P frequency domain units to obtain P frequency domain signals, including: mapping the x-th modulation signal in the k-th frequency domain signal of the K groups of frequency domain signals to the p-th frequency domain unit of the P frequency domain units to obtain P frequency domain signals; where p = K × (x-1) + k.

[0031] Based on the above possible implementation methods, the transmitting end can interleave and map K groups of frequency domain signals to P frequency domain units to achieve the effect of frequency division of reference signals and data signals.

[0032] Secondly, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a receiving end. Here, the receiving end can refer to the receiving end itself, or to a processor, circuit, module, logic node, chip, or chip system within the receiving end that implements the method. For example, the receiving end can be a RAN node or a terminal.

[0033] The method includes: receiving a signal transmitted by a transmitter; performing a Fourier transform on the received signal to obtain K groups of frequency domain signals; wherein each group of frequency domain signals includes R signals, the K groups of frequency domain signals include L groups of frequency domain signals corresponding to the data signal, and N groups of frequency domain signals corresponding to the reference signal, where R is an integer greater than 2 and R is an integer multiple of K, L and N are both positive integers, and K equals (L+N); performing channel equalization on the L groups of frequency domain signals; performing inverse Fourier transform on the L groups of channel-equalized signals to obtain L groups of time domain signals; and obtaining the data signal based on the L groups of time domain signals. The phase difference between any two adjacent signals in each group of time domain signals is... or

[0034] Based on the method provided in the second aspect above, the receiving end can perform operations such as Fourier transform, channel equalization, and inverse Fourier transform on the received signal to obtain the data signal. The phase difference between two adjacent signals in each group of time-domain signals is... or This allows the phases of each set of time-domain signals to be staggered, thereby reducing the PAPR of the transmitted signal at the transmitter.

[0035] In one possible implementation, obtaining the data signal based on L groups of time-domain signals includes: multiplying each signal in the L groups of time-domain signals by a phase rotation factor to obtain the data signal.

[0036] Based on the above possible implementation methods, phase compensation can be performed on each signal in the L groups of time-domain signals to obtain the data signal.

[0037] In one possible implementation, for the u-th time-domain signal in the L-th time-domain signal group, the second phase rotation factor multiplied by the w-th signal is related to w, or to both w and u; where u is a positive integer less than or equal to L, and w is a positive integer less than or equal to R.

[0038] Based on the above possible implementation methods, the second phase rotation factor can be determined based on w, or based on w and u.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the second phase rotation factor is also related to the second phase; the second phase is the phase of the v-th signal in the (u+1)-th time-domain signal in the L-group time-domain signal; or, the second phase is the phase of the v-th signal in the (u-1)-th time-domain signal in the L-group time-domain signal; where v = w+1 or v = w-1.

[0040] Based on the above possible implementation methods, the second phase rotation factor can be determined based on the second phase.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the second phase rotation factor is: or or or Where c is a constant, M = R, and m is related to w; or M = R × K, and m is related to w and u.

[0042] Based on the above possible implementation methods, it can be determined according to... or or or Determine the phase rotation factor by which each signal in the L groups of time-domain signals is multiplied.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: sending first indication information, the first indication information indicating that a reference signal and a data signal are transmitted using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method; or receiving second indication information, the second indication information indicating that the signal to be transmitted is obtained using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method.

[0044] Based on the above possible implementations, the receiving end can instruct the transmitting end to transmit the reference signal and data signal using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method. Alternatively, the receiving end can determine, based on the second instruction information, the inverse operation processing corresponding to the packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping for the received signal.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the index of the modulation and decoding scheme of the data signal is less than or equal to a first value, or the modulation scheme of the data signal is... Binary phase shift keying.

[0046] Based on the above possible implementation methods, the receiving end can have an index of the modulation and decoding scheme of the data signal that is less than or equal to a first value, or the modulation scheme of the data signal can be... In the case of binary phase shift keying, the received signal is processed by the inverse operation corresponding to the precoding interleaving mapping in the group transform domain.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the first value is 5 or 9.

[0048] Based on the above possible implementation methods, the receiving end can, when the index of the modulation and decoding scheme of the data signal is less than or equal to 5 (or 9), such as using... When modulating data signals using low-order modulation methods such as binary phase shift keying, the received signal is processed by the inverse operation corresponding to the precoding interleaving mapping in the group transform domain.

[0049] Thirdly, a communication device is provided for implementing the method provided in the first aspect. This communication device can be the transmitting end in the first aspect. The communication device includes modules, units, or means corresponding to the above method, which can be implemented in hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the communication device may include a processing module and an interface module. The processing module can be used to implement the processing functions described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof. The processing module may be, for example, a processor. The interface module, also referred to as an interface unit, is used to implement the sending and / or receiving functions described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof. The interface module may consist of an interface circuit, a transceiver, a transceiver unit, or a communication interface.

[0051] In one possible implementation, a processing module is used to acquire K groups of initial signals; each group of initial signals includes R signals, and the K groups of initial signals include L groups of first signals and N groups of second signals; each group of first signals includes (R / K) modulated signals corresponding to the data signal and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals, and each group of second signals includes (R / K) modulated signals corresponding to the reference signal and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals; for the i-th group of initial signals in the K groups of initial signals, among the multiple signals included, the interval between two adjacent modulated signals is (K-1) zero-power signals. The K initial signals are assigned a number, and the first modulation signal is located at the i-th bit. R is an integer greater than 2 and is an integer multiple of K. L and N are both positive integers, K equals (L+N), and i is a positive integer less than or equal to K. The processing module is also used to perform transform domain precoding on the K initial signals to obtain K frequency domain signals. The processing module is also used to interleave and map the K frequency domain signals to P frequency domain units to obtain P frequency domain signals, where P is greater than or equal to (K×R). The processing module is also used to perform inverse Fourier transform on the P frequency domain signals to obtain the signal to be transmitted. The interface module is used to transmit the signal to be transmitted.

[0052] In one possible implementation, the processing module is specifically used to multiply each signal in the K initial signals by a phase rotation factor to obtain the K third signals; the processing module is also specifically used to perform discrete Fourier transform on the K third signals respectively to obtain the K frequency domain signals.

[0053] In one possible implementation, in the combined signal obtained by superimposing the K groups of third signals, the phase difference between any two adjacent signals is the same; the combined signal includes R signals.

[0054] In one possible implementation, for the k-th initial signal in the K initial signals, the first phase rotation factor multiplied by the s-th signal is related to s, or to both s and k; where k is a positive integer less than or equal to K, and s is a positive integer less than or equal to R.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the first phase rotation factor is also related to a first phase; the first phase is the phase of the t-th signal in the (k+1)-th group of the third signals in the K groups; or, the first phase is the phase of the t-th signal in the (k-1)-th group of the third signals in the K groups; where t = s+1 or t = s-1.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the first phase rotation factor is: or or or Where c is a constant, M = R, and m is related to s, or M = R × K, and m is related to s and k.

[0057] In one possible implementation, the processing module is specifically used to multiply each modulation signal in the K initial signals by a phase rotation factor to obtain the K third signals.

[0058] In one possible implementation, the interface module is further configured to receive first indication information, which indicates that the reference signal and the data signal are transmitted using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method; or, the interface module is further configured to transmit second indication information, which indicates that the signal to be transmitted is obtained using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the index of the modulation and decoding scheme of the data signal is less than or equal to a first value, or the modulation scheme of the data signal is... Binary phase shift keying.

[0060] In one possible implementation, the first value is 5 or 9.

[0061] In one possible implementation, the modulation scheme of the data signal and the reference signal is as follows: Binary phase shift keying or binary modulation.

[0062] In one possible implementation, the processing module is specifically used to map the x-th modulation signal in the k-th frequency domain signal of the K-th frequency domain signal to the p-th frequency domain unit of the P-th frequency domain unit to obtain the P-th frequency domain signal; where p = K × (x-1) + k.

[0063] Fourthly, a communication device is provided for implementing the method provided in the second aspect. This communication device can be the receiving end described in the second aspect. The communication device includes modules, units, or means that implement the method described above. These modules, units, or means can be implemented in hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the functions described above.

[0064] In one possible implementation, the communication device may include a processing module and an interface module. The processing module can be used to implement the processing functions in the second aspect described above and any possible implementation thereof. The processing module may be, for example, a processor. The interface module, also referred to as an interface unit, is used to implement the sending and / or receiving functions in the second aspect described above and any possible implementation thereof. The interface module may consist of an interface circuit, a transceiver, a transceiver unit, or a communication interface.

[0065] In one possible implementation, the interface module receives signals transmitted by the transmitter; the processing module performs a Fourier transform on the received signals to obtain K sets of frequency domain signals; each set of frequency domain signals includes R signals, and the K sets of frequency domain signals include L sets of frequency domain signals corresponding to the data signals and N sets of frequency domain signals corresponding to the reference signals, where R is an integer greater than 2 and R is an integer multiple of K, L and N are both positive integers, and K equals (L+N); the processing module also performs channel equalization on the L sets of frequency domain signals; the processing module further performs inverse Fourier transform on the L sets of channel-equalized signals to obtain L sets of time domain signals; wherein the phase difference between two adjacent signals in each set of time domain signals is... or The processing module is also used to obtain the data signal based on the L groups of time-domain signals.

[0066] In one possible implementation, the processing module is specifically used to multiply each signal in the L groups of time-domain signals by a phase rotation factor to obtain the data signal.

[0067] In one possible implementation, for the u-th time-domain signal in the L-th time-domain signal group, the second phase rotation factor multiplied by the w-th signal is related to w, or to both w and u, where u is a positive integer less than or equal to L, and w is a positive integer less than or equal to R.

[0068] In one possible implementation, the second phase rotation factor is also related to a second phase; the second phase is the phase of the v-th signal in the (u+1)-th time-domain signal in the L groups of time-domain signals; or, the second phase is the phase of the v-th signal in the (u-1)-th time-domain signal in the L groups of time-domain signals; where v = w+1 or v = w-1.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the second phase rotation factor is: or or or Where c is a constant, M = R, and m is related to w; or M = R × K, and m is related to w and u.

[0070] In one possible implementation, the interface module is further configured to send first indication information, which indicates that the reference signal and the data signal are transmitted using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method; or, the interface module is further configured to receive second indication information, which indicates that the signal to be transmitted is obtained using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method.

[0071] In one possible implementation, the index of the modulation and decoding scheme of the data signal is less than or equal to a first value, or the modulation scheme of the data signal is... Binary phase shift keying.

[0072] In one possible implementation, the first value is 5 or 9.

[0073] Fifthly, a communication device is provided, comprising: a processor; configured to cause the communication device to perform the method described in any of the preceding aspects by executing a computer program (or computer-executable instructions) stored in a memory, and / or by means of logic circuitry. The communication device may be a transmitting end as described in the first aspect; or, the communication device may be a receiving end as described in the second aspect. Optionally, the number of processors may be one or more.

[0074] In one possible implementation, the communication device further includes a memory, or the memory may be located outside the communication device.

[0075] In one possible implementation, the processor and memory are integrated together; or, the memory is independent of the processor.

[0076] In one possible implementation, the communication device further includes a communication interface for communicating with other devices, such as transmitting or receiving data and / or signals. Exemplarily, the communication interface may be a transceiver, circuit, bus, module, or other type of communication interface.

[0077] In one possible implementation, the processor and / or memory also include an artificial intelligence (AI) module, which can be used to implement AI-related functions. The AI ​​module can implement AI functions through software, hardware, or a combination of both. For example, the AI ​​module may include a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) module. The AI ​​module can be a near real-time RIC or a non-real-time RIC.

[0078] In one possible implementation, the communication device is a chip or a chip system. Optionally, when the communication device is a chip system, it can be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete components.

[0079] A sixth aspect provides a communication device, comprising: a processor and an interface circuit; the interface circuit being configured to receive a computer program or instructions and transmit them to the processor; the processor being configured to execute the computer program or instructions to cause the communication device to perform the method described in any of the preceding aspects. The communication device may be a transmitting end as described in the first aspect; or, the communication device may be a receiving end as described in the second aspect. Optionally, the number of processors may be one or more.

[0080] In one possible implementation, the processor also includes an AI module for implementing AI-related functions. The AI ​​module can implement AI functions through software, hardware, or a combination of both. For example, the AI ​​module may include a RIC module. The AI ​​module could be a near real-time RIC or a non-real-time RIC.

[0081] In one possible implementation, the communication device is a chip or a chip system. Optionally, when the communication device is a chip system, it can be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete components.

[0082] In a seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the methods described in any of the preceding aspects.

[0083] Eighthly, a computer program product containing instructions is provided, which, when run on a computer, enables the computer to perform the methods described in any of the preceding aspects.

[0084] A ninth aspect provides a communication system comprising a transmitting end for performing the method described in the first aspect and a receiving end for performing the method described in the second aspect.

[0085] The technical effects of any possible implementation of aspects three through nine can be found in the technical effects of any one of aspects one through two or different possible implementations of any one of aspects, and will not be repeated here.

[0086] Understandably, provided that the solutions do not contradict each other, the solutions in the above aspects can be combined. Attached Figure Description

[0087] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system;

[0088] Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) system.

[0089] Figure 1C is a schematic diagram of offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM).

[0090] Figure 1D is a schematic diagram of OQAM (Optical Quality Awareness) 2;

[0091] Figure 1E is a schematic diagram of the input / output power curves of the power amplifier;

[0092] Figure 1F is Binary phase shift keying ) Schematic diagram of DFT-s-OFDM modulation;

[0093] Figure 1G is a schematic diagram of Type 1 dual-symbol demodulation reference signal (DMRS);

[0094] Figure 1H is a schematic diagram of double-symbol DMRS Type 2;

[0095] Figure 1I is a schematic diagram of frequency division multiplexing of data signals and reference signals;

[0096] Figure 1J is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the number of reference signals placed and the PAPR of the transmitted signal provided in this application;

[0097] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the communication system architecture provided in this application;

[0098] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the communication device provided in this application;

[0099] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating the communication method provided in this application.

[0100] Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of the sending end processing flow provided in this application;

[0101] Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of the sending end processing flow provided in this application (II).

[0102] Figure 6 is a flowchart of the communication method provided in this application (II).

[0103] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the communication device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0104] Before introducing the technical solution of this application, the relevant technical terms involved in this application are explained. It is understood that these explanations are intended to make this application easier to understand and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0105] 1. OFDM

[0106] OFDM is a multi-carrier modulation (MCM) technique. Its core principle is to divide the channel into several orthogonal sub-channels and perform narrowband modulation and transmission on each sub-channel to reduce interference between them. Figure 1A illustrates an example of an OFDM system architecture. In Figure 1A, the data sequence at the transmitting end undergoes sequential processing including serial-to-parallel (S / P), subcarrier mapping, N-point inverse discrete fourier transform (IDFT), parallel-to-serial (P / S), cyclic prefix (CP), and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) before being transmitted as a radio frequency (RF) signal. This signal then reaches the receiving end after transmission through the channel. Accordingly, the signal received by the receiver can be processed sequentially through analog-to-digital converter (ADC), cyclic prefix removal, serial-to-parallel conversion, N-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT), subcarrier demapping / equalization, and parallel-to-serial conversion to obtain the above data sequence.

[0107] Taking a data sequence of S(kM), S(kM+1), ..., S(kM+M-1) as an example, serial-to-parallel conversion can convert the data sequence into an M-dimensional data block, such as S k =[S(kM),S(kM+1),...,S(kM+M-1)] T Where k is the OFDM symbol number, [] T This indicates transpose. S can be achieved through subcarrier mapping. k The M data carried modulates M of the N subcarriers. sc There are subcarriers, of which M sc =M, the rest (NM) sc The subcarriers can be understood as being modulated by data 0. After subcarrier mapping, an N-dimensional data vector X can be obtained. k X k After N-point IDFT and parallel-to-serial conversion, a set of N complex time-domain sampling points x can be obtained. k (0),x k (1),...,x k(N-1). These N complex time-domain sampling points x k (n) can satisfy the following relationship: Where n = 0, 1, ..., N-1, n ′ =0,1,...,N-1,X k (n ′ ) represents the output of the subcarrier mapping, e represents the Euler constant, and j represents the imaginary unit. 2 =-1. Subcarrier mapping input S k and output X k (n ′ It can satisfy the following relationship:

[0108] Where n0 is an integer, S k (l) is S k The l-th element, l = 0, 1, ..., M sc -1, elsewhere means dividing by n ′ ∈{n0,n0+1,…,n0+M sc Cases other than -1}.

[0109] After parallel-to-serial conversion, the transmitter can insert a guard field at the beginning of each OFDM symbol, such as adding a CP at the beginning of the OFDM symbol, to eliminate inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation (such as radio signals reaching the receiver through two or more paths). Let the OFDM symbol be x. k Taking (n) as an example, the sender can copy x. k The last G sampling points of (n) are appended to x. k At the beginning of (n), the time-domain OFDM signal is obtained. That is, an OFDM symbol contains valid data x k (n) and CP, where CP can be considered as redundant data.

[0110] Correspondingly, after receiving the OFDM signal, the receiver can demodulate it through inverse processing. For example, if time and frequency synchronization can be obtained and the cyclic prefix length is sufficient, the receiver can perform a cyclic prefix removal operation (e.g., removing the first G samples from the received signal) to obtain a data block containing N samples with no ISI. This data block can be equivalent to the OFDM symbol x. k The time-domain circular convolution is then performed with the channel impulse response. Subsequently, the receiver can convert the time-domain circular convolution into a frequency-domain dot product using DFT, and then perform channel equalization with low complexity using frequency-domain single-tap equalization.

[0111] As is understandable, the above data sequence is a sequence obtained by modulating a data signal, so S k This can include modulation symbols and / or redundant signal sampling points. Modulation symbols, also known as modulation signals, can be obtained by modulating a (coded) bitstream. Redundant signal sampling points can include phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) sampling points, demodulation reference signals, tone-preserving signals, etc.

[0112] 2. DFT-s-OFDM

[0113] DFT-s-OFDM, also known as single-carrier OFDM or linear precoding OFDM, is a single-carrier technology based on OFDM waveforms. It can also be understood as a modulation method that uses multiple carriers to achieve a single-carrier waveform. The difference between DFT-s-OFDM and OFDM is that the transmitter can perform a DFT before subcarrier mapping, giving the DFT-s-OFDM signal single-carrier characteristics. Correspondingly, the receiver can perform an IDFT after decarrier mapping. Figure 1B illustrates the architecture of a DFT-s-OFDM system. In Figure 1B, the data sequence at the transmitter undergoes serial-to-parallel conversion, M-point DFT, subcarrier mapping, N-point IDFT, parallel-to-serial conversion, cyclic prefix addition, and digital-to-analog conversion before being transmitted as a radio frequency signal. This signal then reaches the receiver after transmission through the channel. Accordingly, the signal received at the receiving end can be sequentially processed through analog-to-digital conversion, cyclic prefix removal, serial-to-parallel conversion, N-point DFT, subcarrier demapping, M-point IDFT, and parallel-to-serial conversion to obtain the aforementioned data sequence. Specifically, the M-dimensional data block S obtained at the transmitting end after serial-to-parallel conversion and M-point DFT... k This may include modulation symbols and / or redundant signal sampling points. Modulation symbols can be obtained by modulating the (encoded) bitstream. Redundant signal sampling points may include PTRS sampling points, unique words, zeros, etc.

[0114] Understandably, when the number of transform points N satisfies certain constraints, such as N being a power of 2, 3, or 5, IDFT can also be implemented using the inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT). Correspondingly, DFT can also be implemented using the fast fourier transform (FFT). Therefore, in this application, IDFT and IFFT are interchangeable, as are DFT and FFT.

[0115] 3. Modulation method

[0116] The data sequences in Figures 1A and 1B above are obtained through modulation. In practical applications, there are various modulation methods, such as pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), frequency shift keying (FSK), phase shift keying (PSK), and binary phase shift keying (BPSK). Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), amplitude phase shift keying (APSK), OQAM, etc.

[0117] For example, with Taking a modulation mapper as an example, this mapper can map 1 bit in a bitstream to 1... Symbols. For example, the i-th bit b(i) in a bitstream can be mapped to the i-th bit according to the following relationship. Symbol d(i): As can be seen from the above mapping relationship, two adjacent symbols in a symbol sequence The symbol exhibits a 90-degree phase transition. This should be understood as... Modulation can be viewed as a phase rotation offset, either 4QAM modulation or offset QPSK modulation, with the phase rotation amount being...

[0118] For example, a QPSK modulation mapper can map two consecutive bits in a bitstream to one QPSK symbol. For instance, the 2i-th bit b(2i) and the (2i+1)-th bit b(2i+1) in the bitstream can be mapped to the i-th QPSK symbol d(i) according to the following relationship:

[0119] For example, taking a 16QAM modulation mapper as an example, this mapper can map four consecutive bits in a bitstream to one 16QAM symbol. For instance, the 4i-th bit b(4i), the (4i+1)-th bit b(4i+1), the (4i+2)-th bit b(4i+2), and the (4i+3)-th bit b(4i+3) in the bitstream can be mapped to the i-th 16QAM symbol d(i) according to the following relationship:

[0120] For example, taking the OQAM modulation mapper as an example, this mapper can be understood as splitting complex QAM symbols into a sequence of alternating pure real and pure imaginary numbers based on QAM bit mapping. The following describes the specific process of OQAM modulation using the example of obtaining the sequence {z0,z1,z2} from a bit sequence via QAM mapping. Here, z0, z1, and z2 are all complex symbols, for example, z0 = x0 + jy0, z1 = x1 + jy1, z2 = x2 + jy2, and x0, x1, x2, y0, y1, and y2 are all real numbers. In Figure 1C, the sequence {z0,z1,z2} can be processed by the real part module to obtain the real part of the sequence, such as {x0,x1,x2}. {x0,x1,x2} can be upsampled by a factor of 2 to obtain {x0,0,x1,0,x2,0}. The imaginary part of the sequence {z0,z1,z2} can be obtained by passing it through the imaginary part module, such as {jy0,jy1,jy2}. {jy0,jy1,jy2} is upsampled by a factor of 2 to obtain {jy0,0,jy1,0,jy2,0}. {jy0,0,jy1,0,jy2,0} is then delayed by 1 sample to obtain {0,jy0,0,jy1,0,jy2}. Concatenating {x0,0,x1,0,x2,0} and {0,jy0,0,jy1,0,jy2} yields the output sequence {x0,jy0,x1,jy1,x2,jy2}. Figure 1D also shows the OQAM process. Unlike Figure 1C, the 1-sample delay in Figure 1D is performed on the sign of the real part, so the output sequence shown in Figure 1D is {jy0,x0,jy1,x1,jy2,x2}.

[0121] 4. Nonlinear characteristics of power amplifiers (PA)

[0122] Before being transmitted through an antenna, a signal is amplified by a power amplifier. The behavior of a power amplifier is typically described by its amplitude modulation-amplitude modulation (AM-AM) characteristics. For example, Figure 1E shows the AM-AM curve of a power amplifier, which describes the functional relationship between the amplifier's output power and its input power. In the linear region, the power amplifier's output power increases linearly with the input power; that is, the amplifier's gain (e.g., the ratio of output power to input power) remains constant, or the slope of the AM-AM curve remains constant. As the input power continues to increase, the power amplifier enters the nonlinear region. The output power no longer increases linearly with the input power, the amplifier's gain is compressed, and the AM-AM curve slope decreases. When the saturation output power is reached, the amplifier's output power no longer increases with increasing input power, and the AM-AM curve slope becomes 0. Therefore, in the nonlinear region, the power amplifier exhibits nonlinear characteristics.

[0123] The nonlinear characteristics of power amplifiers lead to both in-band and out-of-band distortion in the transmitted signal. In-band distortion primarily manifests as amplitude and phase distortion, degrading demodulation / detection performance. Out-of-band distortion mainly manifests as spectral spread / regeneration, increasing interference to users in adjacent channels. Therefore, to mitigate the effects of power amplifier nonlinearity, the input signal power can be appropriately reduced, such as through input backoff (IBO) or output backoff (OBO), to keep the power amplifier operating within its linear region. This approach comes at the cost of reduced power amplifier efficiency.

[0124] 5. PAPR

[0125] PAPR refers to the ratio of the peak power to the mean power of a signal over a certain period of time. The unit of PAPR can be dB. For example, if the peak power of signal x(t) is 10 ... The mean power of signal x(t) is The PAPR of this signal satisfies the following relationship:

[0126] Understandably, communication signals (such as OFDM signals or DFT-s-OFDM signals) are random signals. Their mean power can be considered a fixed value, while their peak power is a random variable. Therefore, the PAPR of a communication signal is also a random variable. In statistics, the value of a random signal at a certain moment is often described by a probability density function. Therefore, in the communications industry, engineers often use the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) curve to describe PAPR. For example, the probability that the instantaneous power exceeds the mean power by xx dB is yy, or the proportion of time when the instantaneous power exceeds the mean power by xx dB is yy. Specifically, this can be described by the following relationship:

[0127] Where P(·) represents probability.

[0128] Understandably, a higher PAPR (Power Amplifier Back-Up Rate) for the input signal of a power amplifier means a wider range of input power fluctuation. Therefore, to ensure the entire input / output signal remains within the linear region, more power back-up is required. Thus, designing a signal with low PAPR can reduce the input / output power back-up of the power amplifier, increase signal transmission power, and improve signal coverage.

[0129] Understandably, single-carrier technology transmits signals on serial carriers, while multi-carrier technology transmits signals on parallel carriers. Since the waveform superposition is less in serial transmission than in parallel transmission, single-carrier signals have a significantly lower PAPR (Power Output Ratio) than multi-carrier signals. Therefore, the PAPR of a DFT-s-OFDM signal with single-carrier characteristics is much lower than that of an OFDM signal with multi-carrier characteristics. With the same power amplifier, a DFT-s-OFDM signal can provide greater output power and higher power amplifier efficiency, thereby improving coverage and reducing energy consumption.

[0130] 6. Modulated DFT-s-OFDM

[0131] Modulated DFT-s-OFDM can also be called single-carrier offset quadrature amplitude modulation (SC-OQAM). Modulated DFT-s-OFDM can produce waveforms with low PAPR, and the specific process can be found in Figure 1F.

[0132] In Figure 1F, the transmitting end can separate the real and imaginary parts of the N modulated signals obtained after modulation, and then upsample each of the separated signals by a factor of two. The real part becomes [X, 0, X, 0, X, 0…], and the imaginary part becomes [jY, 0, jY, 0, jY, 0…]. Subsequently, the transmitting end applies a time delay to the imaginary part, making it [0, jY, 0, jY, 0, jY…]. After combining [X, 0, X, 0, X, 0…] and [0, jY, 0, jY, 0, jY…], it becomes [X, jY, X, jY, X, jY…]. In [X, jY, X, jY, X, jY…], the phase difference between adjacent signals (such as X and jY) is… Each signal is BPSK modulated, hence the name Modulated signal. Afterwards, the transmitting end can perform 2N-point DFT, subcarrier mapping, IFFT, and other operations on [X, jY, X, jY, X, jY…], which will not be elaborated further. In summary, SC-OQAM can be understood as separating the real and virtual parts of the modulated signal, so that the overlapping patterns of the signals after separation are staggered, thus obtaining a transmitted signal with a lower PAPR.

[0133] Furthermore, the above process can be understood as QAM constellation modulation with real and imaginary parts separated. The length of this signal is twice that of traditional QAM constellation modulation, therefore, the size of the DFT is also twice that of the DFT in traditional QAM constellation modulation. Additionally, after the DFT, the signal spectrum exhibits conjugate symmetry, such as s[n] = s * The data after the DFT is [2N-n], so there is redundancy. Therefore, after the DFT and before subcarrier mapping, the transmitter can perform a truncated frequency domain filter on the redundant signal. Truncation means that the bandwidth of the filter is smaller than the bandwidth after the DFT. For example, if the bandwidth after the DFT is 100 RB, the bandwidth of the frequency domain filter can be designed to be 60 RB. The filtering process involves the frequency domain filter directly multiplying with the signal after the DFT. Since the data after the DFT is redundant, frequency domain filtering does not cause performance loss.

[0134] 7. Port

[0135] A port, also known as an antenna port, is a logical concept referring to a logical port used for transmission to distinguish multiple signals occupying the same time-frequency resources but different spatial resources. There is a mapping relationship between ports and physical antennas; for example, a port can be a single physical antenna or a weighted combination of multiple physical antennas. Typically, the mapping relationship between a port and physical antennas is fixed and does not change over time. Therefore, signals transmitted through the same antenna port experience the same or correlated channel conditions.

[0136] 8. Reference signal

[0137] A reference signal, also known as a pilot signal, is a known signal that can be provided by the transmitter to the receiver. Reference signals can be used for channel estimation, channel sounding, or target sensing. Based on the transmission direction, reference signals can be divided into uplink reference signals and downlink reference signals.

[0138] Uplink reference signals refer to signals sent from the terminal to the RAN node. Examples include DMRS (Directional Modulation and Recognition Signal) or sounding reference signals (SRS). Uplink reference signals can be used for uplink channel estimation (e.g., for coherent demodulation and detection in the RAN node or for precoding calculation), uplink channel quality measurement, or target sensing. Downlink reference signals refer to signals sent from the RAN node to the terminal. Examples include channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) or tracking reference signals (TRS). Downlink reference signals can be used for downlink channel estimation, downlink channel measurement, or target sensing.

[0139] It is understood that the reference signal mentioned in the following embodiments of this application can be any of the above-mentioned reference signals, that is, the method provided by this application can be applied to any of the above-mentioned reference signals. In order to better understand the method provided by this application, the following embodiments of this application will be described using DMRS as an example. The relevant concepts of DMRS will be briefly described below.

[0140] DMRS can be used to estimate equivalent channels. For example, DMRS can be used to estimate the equivalent channel of the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for coherent demodulation of uplink data. To ensure the quality of channel estimation, different DMRS ports are typically orthogonal. The DMRS corresponding to different DMRS ports are orthogonal in the frequency domain, time-frequency domain, or code domain.

[0141] In the time domain, DMRS can occupy one or two symbols, so DMRS can be divided into single-symbol DMRS and dual-symbol DMRS. In the frequency domain, based on the maximum number of supported antenna ports, DMRS can be divided into Type 1 and Type 2. For Type 1, DMRS is distributed in a comb pattern in the frequency domain, and the DMRS ports can be divided into two code division multiplexing (CDM) groups. CDM multiplexing is used between ports within a group, and the frequency domain deviation between groups is one subcarrier. For example, single-symbol DMRS supports a maximum of 4 antenna ports, divided into two CDM groups: {1000, 1001} and {1002, 1003}; dual-symbol DMRS supports a maximum of 8 antenna ports, divided into two CDM groups: {1000, 1001, 1004, 1005} and {1002, 1003, 1006, 1007}.

[0142] For example, Figure 1G illustrates the time-frequency resources occupied by dual-symbol DMRS Type 1. In the time direction, under the regular cyclic prefix, one slot contains 14 symbols (e.g., symbols 0 to 13). In the frequency direction, one resource block (RB) contains 12 subcarriers (e.g., subcarriers 0 to 11). One resource element (RE) corresponds to one symbol in the time direction and one subcarrier in the frequency direction. In Figure 1G, one antenna port has 6 REs within one RB for transmitting DMRS. Within the time-frequency resource grid corresponding to one symbol and one RB, the first CDM group occupies even-indexed subcarriers, such as subcarriers 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, and the second CDM group occupies odd-indexed subcarriers, such as subcarriers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11.

[0143] Compared to Type 1, Type 2 reduces the frequency domain density of DMRS. In this case, one antenna port has four REs within one RB for DMRS transmission. For Type 2, DMRS ports can be divided into three CDM groups, with code division multiplexing between ports within each group and a frequency domain offset of 2 subcarriers between groups. For example, single-symbol DMRS supports a maximum of 6 antenna ports, divided into three CDM groups: {1000, 1001}, {1002, 1003}, and {1004, 1005}. Dual-symbol DMRS supports a maximum of 12 antenna ports, divided into three CDM groups: {1000, 1001, 1006, 1007}, {1002, 1003, 1008, 1009}, and {1004, 1005, 1010, 1011}.

[0144] For example, Figure 1H shows the time-frequency resources occupied by a dual-symbol DMRS Type 2. Within the time-frequency resource grid corresponding to one symbol and one RB, the first CDM group occupies subcarriers with indices 0, 1, 6, and 7, the second CDM group occupies subcarriers with indices 2, 3, 8, and 9, and the third CDM group occupies subcarriers with indices 4, 5, 10, and 11.

[0145] In related technologies, reference signals and data signals can be transmitted using time-division multiplexing. Taking the resource shown in Figure 1G as an example, in the frequency domain, both the DMRS and data signals can occupy subcarriers 0 to 11; in the time domain, the DMRS occupies symbols 2 and 3, and the data signal occupies symbols 0 and 1. This approach results in low spectral efficiency. Therefore, a scheme using frequency-division multiplexing to transmit reference and data signals has been proposed. For example, as shown in Figure 1I, the transmitter can perform a DFT on the modulated data signal, and then perform frequency domain multiplexing between the modulated reference signal and the DFT-processed data signal to obtain the frequency domain signal. Again, taking the resource shown in Figure 1G as an example, in the time domain, both the DMRS and data signals can occupy symbols 2 and 3; in the frequency domain, the DMRS occupies subcarriers 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, and the data signal occupies subcarriers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11. Of course, the data signal can also use symbols other than symbols 2 and 3 without restriction. Subsequently, the transmitting end can continue to perform operations such as IDFT on the obtained frequency domain signal. Since the data signal and the reference signal occupy the same time domain resources, the receiving end can perform data demodulation in a timely manner, so this method can also reduce demodulation delay. However, this method will result in a higher PAPR of the signal transmitted by the transmitting end, leading to lower transmission power of the transmitted signal and affecting coverage.

[0146] Furthermore, research has found that the more reference signals (DMRS) are placed, the higher the PAPR of the transmitted signal. For example, Figure 1J shows the relationship between the number of DMRS placements and the PAPR of the transmitted signal when the modulation scheme is 16QAM, the subcarrier spacing is 240kHz, and the carrier frequency is 52GHz. In Figure 1J, the horizontal axis represents the value of PAPR0, and the vertical axis represents the probability that the PAPR of the transmitted signal is greater than PAPR0. The number of DMRS placements corresponding to curve 101 is less than the number of DMRS placements corresponding to curve 102, which is less than the number of DMRS placements corresponding to curve 103, which is less than the number of DMRS placements corresponding to curve 104. It can be seen that as the number of DMRS placements increases, the PAPR of the transmitted signal increases. However, reducing the number of DMRS placements will affect the channel estimation performance.

[0147] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a communication method. In this method, the transmitting end can acquire K groups of initial signals. Each of the K groups of initial signals includes R signals. The K groups of initial signals include L groups of first signals and N groups of second signals. Each group of first signals includes (R / K) modulated signals corresponding to the data signal and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals. Each group of second signals includes (R / K) modulated signals corresponding to the reference signal and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals. For any two groups of initial signals in the K groups, the positions of all modulated signals in one group are different from the positions of all modulated signals in the other group. R is an integer greater than 2, L and N are both positive integers, and K equals (L+N). Subsequently, the transmitting end can perform transform-domain precoding on the K groups of initial signals to obtain K groups of frequency-domain signals, interleave and map the K groups of frequency-domain signals to P frequency-domain units to obtain P frequency-domain signals, perform inverse Fourier transform on the P frequency-domain signals to obtain the signal to be transmitted, and then transmit the signal to be transmitted. In a sensing scenario, the signal, upon reaching the target, can be reflected by the target and received by the receiver. In a non-sensing scenario, the signal can be received by the receiver, which can then perform a Fourier transform on the received signal to obtain K sets of frequency domain signals. Each set of frequency domain signals includes R signals, and the K sets of frequency domain signals include L sets of frequency domain signals corresponding to the data signal and N sets of frequency domain signals corresponding to the reference signal. Subsequently, the receiver can perform channel equalization on the L sets of frequency domain signals, perform inverse Fourier transform on each of the L sets of channel-equalized signals to obtain L sets of time domain signals, and derive the data signal based on these L sets of time domain signals.

[0148] In the above process, the transmitting end can group the modulation signals corresponding to the data signal and the modulation signals corresponding to the reference signal, ensuring that the positions of the modulation signals in different groups are different. Then, each group of signals is precoded in the transform domain. The K groups of frequency domain signals obtained after transform domain precoding are interleaved and mapped in the frequency domain, allowing the reference signal and data signal to be transmitted using frequency domain multiplexing, and the signal to be transmitted possesses single-carrier characteristics. However, in the method shown in Figure 1I, frequency domain multiplexing of the data signal and reference signal destroys the single-carrier characteristics of the data signal. Therefore, the signal to be transmitted obtained by the method shown in Figure 1I does not possess single-carrier characteristics. Therefore, the method provided in this application can reduce the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted, thereby increasing transmission power and improving coverage.

[0149] The method provided in this application can be used in various communication systems. For example, the communication system can be a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a 5th Generation (5G) communication system, a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) system, a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) related communication system, a communication system evolving after 5G, or a system integrating multiple systems, etc., without limitation. Among them, 5G can also be referred to as New Radio (NR). The method provided in this application is described below using the communication system 1000 shown in Figure 2 as an example. Figure 2 is only a schematic diagram and does not constitute a limitation on the applicable scenarios of the technical solution provided in this application.

[0150] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system 1000 provided in this application. In Figure 2, the communication system 1000 includes a RAN 100. The RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (110a and 110b in Figure 2, collectively referred to as 110) and at least one terminal (120a-120j in Figure 2, collectively referred to as 120). The RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 2). The terminal 120 is wirelessly connected to the RAN node 110.

[0151] RAN 100 can be a 3GPP-related cellular system, such as a 4G, 5G mobile communication system, or a future-oriented evolution system. RAN 100 can also be an open access network (open RAN, O-RAN, or ORAN), a cloud radio access network (CRAN), or a WiFi system. RAN 100 can also be a communication system that integrates two or more of the above systems.

[0152] RAN node 110, sometimes also referred to as access network equipment, RAN entity, or access node, constitutes part of the communication system and is used to help terminals achieve wireless access. Multiple RAN nodes 110 in the communication system 1000 can be of the same type or different types.

[0153] In one possible scenario, a RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a master eNodeB (MeNB), a secondary eNodeB (SeNB), a multi-standard radio (MSR) node, a home base station, a network controller, an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a WiFi system. A RAN node can be a macro base station (as shown in Figure 2, 110a), a micro base station or indoor station (as shown in Figure 2, 110b), a relay node or donor node, or a radio controller in a CRAN scenario. Optionally, a RAN node can also be a server, wearable device, vehicle, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU). In some scenarios, the roles of RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are relative. For example, a helicopter or drone that is usually configured as a terminal can also be configured as a mobile base station, and a device that accesses the RAN via a helicopter or drone is configured as a terminal.

[0154] In another possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, with different RAN nodes each implementing some of the base station's functions. Specifically, RAN nodes can be central units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), or radio units (RUs), etc. For example, a CU can perform the functions of the base station's radio resource control (RRC) layer and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer. A CU can also perform the functions of the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer. A DU can perform the functions of the base station's radio link control (RLC) layer and medium access control (MAC) layer. A DU can also perform some or all of the physical layer functions. An RU can be used to implement radio frequency signal transmission and reception. CUs and DUs can be set up separately or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as in a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH). Furthermore, the CU can be further divided into the CU-control plane (CP) and the CU-user plane (UP).

[0155] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU (open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0156] Terminal 120 is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities that can be deployed on land, including indoors, outdoors, handheld, or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on water (such as on ships); and it can be deployed in the air (such as on airplanes, balloons, and satellites). A terminal can also be called a terminal device, which can be user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), or a device used to provide voice or data connectivity to users, or a terminal in a future public land mobile network (PLMN). UEs include handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, vehicle-mounted devices (e.g., cars, bicycles, electric vehicles, airplanes, ships, trains, high-speed trains), wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart bracelets, pedometers), or computing devices. For example, a UE can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, PDA, mobile internet device (MID), satellite terminal, or computer with wireless transceiver capabilities. UE can also be a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless modem, a point-of-sale (POS) machine, customer-premises equipment (CPE), a smart robot, a robotic arm, workshop equipment, smart home devices (e.g., refrigerators, televisions, air conditioners, electricity meters, etc.), a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in autonomous driving, a wireless terminal in telemedicine, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in intelligent transportation, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home, an in-vehicle terminal, an RSU with terminal functionality, or flying equipment (e.g., a smart robot, a hot air balloon, a drone, an airplane), etc. A terminal can also be other devices with terminal functionality; for example, a terminal can be a device that acts as a terminal in device-to-device (D2D) communication.

[0157] By way of example and not limitation, in this application, the terminal can be a wearable device. Wearable devices, also known as wearable smart devices, are a general term for devices that utilize wearable technology to intelligently design and develop everyday wearables, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that are worn directly on the body or integrated into a user's clothing or accessories. For example, wearable devices are not merely hardware devices, but also devices that achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include devices that are feature-rich, large in size, and can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, as well as devices that focus on only one type of application function and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0158] In this application, the terminal can be a terminal in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important component of future information technology development, and its main technical feature is connecting objects to networks through communication technologies, thereby realizing an intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and machine-to-machine interconnection. The terminal in this application can be a terminal in machine-type communication (MTC).

[0159] The terminal in this application can be an on-board module, on-board component, on-board chip, on-board unit (OBU), or telematics box (T-BOX) built into a vehicle as one or more components or units. The vehicle can implement the methods of this application through the built-in on-board module, on-board component, on-board chip, on-board unit, or T-BOX. The terminal can also be a complete vehicle device. Therefore, this application can be applied to vehicle networking, such as V2X, long-term evolution vehicle (LTE-V) communication technology, and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication.

[0160] It is understood that the communication system 1000 shown in Figure 2 is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the technical solutions of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that in specific implementations, the communication system 1000 may also include other devices, and the number of RAN nodes and terminals may be determined according to specific needs without limitation.

[0161] Optionally, each network element or device (such as a RAN node or terminal) in Figure 2 of this application may also be referred to as a communication device, which may be a general-purpose device or a special-purpose device. This application does not make any specific limitation on this.

[0162] Optionally, the functions of each network element or device (e.g., RAN node or terminal) in Figure 2 of this application can be implemented by one device, multiple devices working together, or one or more functional modules within a single device. This application does not impose specific limitations on these functions. It is understood that the aforementioned functions can be network elements in hardware devices, software functions running on dedicated hardware, a combination of hardware and software, or virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform).

[0163] In practical implementation, each network element or device (e.g., RAN node or terminal) in Figure 2 of this application can adopt the composition structure shown in Figure 3, or include the components shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a communication device applicable to this application. It is understood that the communication device 30 includes means of necessary forms such as modules, units, elements, circuits, or interfaces, which are appropriately configured together to execute the solution provided in this application. For example, the communication device 30 includes one or more processors 301 for implementing the method provided in this application.

[0164] Processor 301 can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor. For example, processor 301 can be a baseband processor or a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU can be used to control the communication device 30 (such as a RAN node, terminal, or chip), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs. Optionally, in one design, processor 301 may include program 305 (sometimes also referred to as code or instructions), which can be run on processor 301 to cause the communication device 30 to perform the methods described in the embodiments below. In yet another possible design, communication device 30 includes circuitry (not shown in FIG3) for implementing the functions of a transmitting or receiving end in the embodiments below.

[0165] Optionally, the communication device 30 may include one or more memories 303. The memory 303 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM), cache, or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions. It may also be an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media, or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory provided in this application may generally be non-volatile. Optionally, the memory 303 stores a program 307 (sometimes referred to as code or instructions), which can be executed on the processor 301 to cause the communication device 30 to perform the methods described in the following method embodiments. Optionally, the memory 303 may also be located outside the communication device 30.

[0166] Optionally, the processor 301 may include an AI module 306, and / or the memory 303 may include an AI module 308. The aforementioned AI modules are used to implement AI-related functions. The AI ​​modules can be implemented through software, hardware, or a combination of both. For example, the AI ​​module may include a RIC module. For example, the AI ​​module can be a near real-time RIC or a non-real-time RIC.

[0167] Optionally, data may also be stored in the processor 301 and / or the memory 303. The processor 301 and the memory 303 may be configured separately or integrated together.

[0168] Optionally, the communication device 30 may also include a transceiver 302 and / or an antenna 304. The processor 301, sometimes referred to as a processing unit, controls the communication device 30. The transceiver 302, sometimes referred to as a transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, or transceiver, is used to realize the transmission and reception functions of the communication device 30 through the antenna 304.

[0169] It is understood that the composition shown in Figure 3 does not constitute a limitation on the communication device. In addition to the components shown in Figure 3, the communication device may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0170] The method provided in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, taking a non-perceptual scenario as an example. Each network element in the following embodiments may have the components shown in Figure 3, which will not be elaborated upon further.

[0171] It is understood that in this application, the sending end and / or receiving end may perform some or all of the steps in this application. These steps are merely examples, and this application may also perform other steps or variations thereof. Furthermore, the steps may be performed in different orders as presented in this application, and it is not necessary to perform all the steps in this application.

[0172] It is understood that the methods described below in this application use the sending end and receiving end as examples to illustrate the interaction, but this application does not limit the execution subject of the interaction. For example, the sending end in the methods provided in the embodiments of this application can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the sending end in implementing the method, or it can be a logic node, logic module, or software that can implement all or part of the sending end's functions; the receiving end in the methods provided below in this application can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the receiving end in implementing the method, or it can be a logic node, logic module, or software that can implement all or part of the receiving end's functions.

[0173] As shown in Figure 4, a communication method provided in this application may include the following steps:

[0174] S401: The transmitting end acquires the initial signals of group K.

[0175] In this application, the transmitting end can be any RAN node or terminal in the communication system 1000 shown in Figure 2.

[0176] In this application, the K initial signals are obtained by modulating and grouping the data signal and the reference signal. Each of the K initial signals includes R signals, where K and R are integers greater than 2. The data signal can be data from a data channel or a control channel. The data channel is, for example, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The control channel is, for example, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). The reference signal is not limited to DMRS, SRS, CSI-RS, or TRS. Furthermore, the modulation scheme of the data signal and the modulation scheme of the reference signal can be the same or different.

[0177] One possible design involves K initial signals comprising L groups of first signals and N groups of second signals. Each group of first signals includes (R / K) modulated signals corresponding to the data signal and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals. Each group of second signals includes (R / K) modulated signals corresponding to the reference signal and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals. L and N are positive integers, K equals (L+N), and R is an integer multiple of K. In this application, the zero-power signals can also be replaced with no-load signals or 0 signals, etc.

[0178] Understandably, the data signals corresponding to the first signal in group L can belong to the same service or different services. That is, the transmitting end can modulate data signals of the same service and divide the modulated signals into L groups; or, the transmitting end can modulate data signals of different services and divide the modulated signals into L groups.

[0179] Understandably, the reference signals corresponding to the N groups of second signals can belong to the same sequence or different sequences. That is, the transmitter can modulate one reference signal sequence and divide the modulated signal into N groups; or, the transmitter can modulate multiple reference signal sequences and divide the modulated signal into N groups. The reference signal sequence can be an m-sequence, a PN sequence, or a Gold sequence, etc.

[0180] Understandably, the order of the L groups of first signals and N groups of second signals can be determined as needed. Taking the DMRS as the reference signal as an example, since a uniform arrangement of the DMRS in the frequency domain can achieve better channel estimation performance, to obtain better channel estimation performance, the N groups of second signals can be evenly inserted into the L groups of first signals. For example, there can be one group of second signals for every two groups of first signals, or one group of second signals for every three groups of first signals. Furthermore, channel estimation performance is also related to the density of the DMRS in the frequency domain. A higher density of DMRS results in better channel estimation performance; therefore, having one group of second signals for every two initial signals will yield better channel estimation performance.

[0181] Understandably, in order for the signal to be transmitted obtained by processing the K initial signals to have single-carrier characteristics, for any two initial signals, the positions of all modulated signals in one initial signal must be different from the positions of all modulated signals in the other initial signal. That is, the index of all modulated signals in one initial signal within that group must be different from the index of all modulated signals in the other initial signal within that group.

[0182] In this application, the index of the first signal in any group of signals can be 0, 1, or other values ​​within that group, without limitation. For ease of description, this application will use the example of the first signal in a group having an index of 0. Furthermore, in this application, C represents the modulation signal corresponding to the data signal, Q represents the modulation signal corresponding to the reference signal, and 0 represents the zero-power signal. This will be explained uniformly here and will not be repeated later.

[0183] Example 1: If K equals 2 and R equals 4, then the first set of initial signals can be [C, 0, C, 0], and the second set of initial signals can be [0, Q, 0, Q]. It can be seen that each set of initial signals includes two modulated signals and two zero-power signals. The indices of the two modulated signals in the first set of initial signals are 0 and 2, and the indices of the two modulated signals in the second set of initial signals are 1 and 3.

[0184] Example 2: If K equals 4, L equals 3, N equals 1, and R equals 8, then the first set of initial signals can be [C, 0, 0, 0, 0, C, 0, 0], the second set of initial signals can be [0, C, 0, C, 0, 0, 0, 0], the third set of initial signals can be [0, 0, 0, 0, C, 0, 0, C], and the fourth set of initial signals can be [0, 0, Q, 0, 0, 0, Q, 0]. Therefore, each set of initial signals includes 2 modulated signals and 6 zero-power signals. Specifically, the indices of the 2 modulated signals in the first set of initial signals are 0 and 5, the indices of the 2 modulated signals in the second set of initial signals are 1 and 3, the indices of the 2 modulated signals in the third set of initial signals are 4 and 7, and the indices of the 2 modulated signals in the fourth set of initial signals are 2 and 6.

[0185] Examples 1 and 2 above are described using the example of data signals being grouped before reference signals. In specific applications, the L groups of first signals and N groups of second signals can be arranged as needed. For example, for example 1, the first initial signal group could be [Q, 0, Q, 0], and the second initial signal group could be [0, C, 0, C]. As another example, for example 2, the first initial signal group could be [Q, 0, 0, 0, 0, Q, 0, 0], the second initial signal group could be [0, C, 0, C, 0, 0, 0, 0], the third initial signal group could be [0, 0, 0, 0, C, 0, 0, C], and the fourth initial signal group could be [0, 0, C, 0, 0, 0, C, 0]; or the first initial signal group could be [C, 0, 0, 0, 0, C, 0, 0], and the second initial signal group could be [0, Q, 0, Q, 0, 0, 0, 0]. The third initial signal can be [0, 0, 0, 0, C, 0, 0, C], and the fourth initial signal can be [0, 0, C, 0, 0, 0, C, 0]; or, the first initial signal can be [C, 0, 0, 0, 0, C, 0, 0], the second initial signal can be [0, C, 0, C, 0, 0, 0, 0], the third initial signal can be [0, 0, 0, 0, Q, 0, 0, Q], and the fourth initial signal can be [0, 0, C, 0, 0, 0, C, 0], without restriction.

[0186] Understandably, to simplify the operation at the transmitting end, for any one of the K initial signals, the number of zero-power signals between adjacent modulated signals in that initial signal can be made the same. For example, for the i-th initial signal in the K initial signals, among the multiple signals it includes, the interval between adjacent modulated signals is (K-1) zero-power signals, and the first modulated signal is located at the i-th position, where i is a positive integer less than or equal to K.

[0187] Example 3: If the number of zero-power signals between any two adjacent modulation signals in any set of initial signals is the same, then the four sets of initial signals in Example 2 above can be replaced sequentially as [C, 0, 0, 0, C, 0, 0, 0], [0, C, 0, 0, 0, C, 0, 0], [0, 0, C, 0, 0, 0, C, 0] and [0, 0, 0, Q, 0, 0, 0, Q].

[0188] Understandably, in order to ensure that the signal to be transmitted obtained by processing the K initial signals has single-carrier characteristics, the phase of the modulating signal can be constrained. For example, in the combined signal obtained by superimposing the K initial signals, the phase difference between any two adjacent signals is the same, so that the phases of different modulating signals are staggered, thereby reducing the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted. This combined signal includes R signals.

[0189] One possible implementation involves phase modulation of at least one of the data signal or the reference signal. For example, one of the data signal and the reference signal may be non-phase modulated, and the other may be multiplied by... Phase-shifted BPSK modulation; or, both the data signal and the reference signal are BPSK modulated, but their corresponding phases are different during modulation, such as phase difference.

[0190] Example 4: Considering phase, the two initial signals in Example 1 above can be replaced sequentially with [C, 0, C, 0] and [0, jQ, 0, jQ]. Superimposing these two initial signals yields the combined signal [C, jQ, C, jQ]. It can be seen that in this combined signal, the phase difference between two adjacent signals is...

[0191] Example 5: Considering phase, the four initial signals in Example 3 above can be replaced sequentially with [C, 0, 0, 0, -C, 0, 0, 0], [0, jC, 0, 0, 0, -jC, 0, 0], [0, 0, C, 0, 0, 0, C, 0], and [0, 0, 0, jQ, 0, 0, 0, -jQ]. Superimposing these four initial signals yields the combined signal [C, jC, C, jQ, -C, -jC, C, -jQ]. It can be seen that in this combined signal, the phase difference between two adjacent signals is...

[0192] As can be seen from the above examples, the characteristics of the combined signal are similar to those of the signal after the virtual and real parts of the signal are combined in Figure 1F. Therefore, the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted can be reduced by the above method.

[0193] S402: The transmitting end performs transform domain precoding on the K initial signals respectively to obtain the K frequency domain signals.

[0194] In this application, the transform domain precoding is an orthogonal transform, such as DFT, wavelet transform, or discrete cosine transform, etc., without limitation.

[0195] S403: The transmitting end interleaves and maps K groups of frequency domain signals to P frequency domain units to obtain P frequency domain signals.

[0196] In this application, a frequency domain unit is a segment of resource in the frequency domain. For example, a frequency domain unit includes at least one subcarrier or at least one RE, etc. This application describes a frequency domain unit as one RE as an example. P frequency domain units can be continuous in the frequency domain, where P is greater than or equal to (K×R).

[0197] One possible implementation involves the transmitter mapping the x-th signal from the k-th frequency domain signal group out of K groups of frequency domain signals to the p-th frequency domain cell out of P frequency domain cells, resulting in P frequency domain signals. Here, p = K × (x-1) + k. This allows different signals from the K groups of frequency domain signals to be mapped to different frequency domain cells, achieving the effect of frequency division between the reference signal and the data signal. Furthermore, the receiver can directly perform channel estimation in the frequency domain using this method, and there is no interference between the reference signal and the data signal. Therefore, this method can improve channel estimation performance while maintaining low complexity.

[0198] S404: The transmitting end performs inverse Fourier transform on P frequency domain signals to obtain the signal to be transmitted.

[0199] One possible implementation is that the transmitting end performs P-point IDFT, adds a cyclic prefix, and other operations on P frequency domain signals to obtain the signal to be transmitted.

[0200] The specific processes of S402 to S404 are described below using the initial signals shown in Example 4 and Example 5 as examples. In the following examples, P equals (K×R).

[0201] For example, as shown in Figure 5A, the transmitter can perform a 4-point DFT on the two initial signals in Example 4 to obtain two sets of frequency domain signals. These two sets of frequency domain signals are then interleaved and mapped to eight REs (Relay Arrays) to obtain eight frequency domain signals. For instance, the four signals in the first set of frequency domain signals are mapped to RE 0, RE 2, RE 4, and RE 6, respectively, and the four signals in the second set of frequency domain signals are mapped to RE 1, RE 3, RE 5, and RE 7, respectively. Afterward, the transmitter can perform an 8-point IDFT, add a cyclic prefix, and other operations on the eight frequency domain signals to obtain the signal to be transmitted.

[0202] For example, as shown in Figure 5B, the transmitting end can perform an 8-point DFT on the four initial signals in Example 5 to obtain four frequency domain signals, and then interleave and map the four frequency domain signals to 32 REs to obtain 32 frequency domain signals. For example, the eight signals in the first group of frequency domain signals are mapped to RE 0, RE 4, RE 8, RE 12, RE 16, RE 20, RE 24, and RE 28, respectively; the eight signals in the second group of frequency domain signals are mapped to RE 1, RE 5, RE 9, RE 13, RE 17, RE 21, RE 25, and RE 29, respectively; the eight signals in the third group of frequency domain signals are mapped to RE 2, RE 6, RE 10, RE 14, RE 18, RE 22, RE 26, and RE 30, respectively; and the eight signals in the fourth group of frequency domain signals are mapped to RE 3, RE 7, RE 11, RE 15, RE 19, RE 23, RE 27, and RE 31, respectively. Then, the transmitting end can perform 32-point IDFT, add a cyclic prefix, and other operations on the 32 frequency domain signals to obtain the signal to be transmitted.

[0203] S405: The transmitting end sends the signal to be transmitted to the receiving end. Correspondingly, the receiving end receives the signal sent by the transmitting end.

[0204] In this application, the receiving end can be a RAN node or terminal in the communication system 1000 shown in Figure 2 that is communicatively connected to the transmitting end. For example, when the transmitting end is RAN node 110a in Figure 2, the receiving end is any terminal accessing RAN node 110a, such as terminal 120a or terminal 120i; or, when the transmitting end is terminal 120f in Figure 2, the receiving end is a RAN node that provides services to terminal 120f, such as RAN node 110b; or, both the transmitting end and the receiving end are terminals, such as the transmitting end being terminal 120i and the receiving end being terminal 120j.

[0205] Understandably, the receiver can perform the inverse operation of the transmitter on the received signal to obtain the data signal. The receiver can also extract a reference signal for operations such as channel estimation. For example, the receiver can perform the following steps:

[0206] S406: The receiver performs a Fourier transform on the received signal to obtain K groups of frequency domain signals.

[0207] In this application, each of the K groups of frequency domain signals includes R signals. The K groups of frequency domain signals include L groups of frequency domain signals corresponding to the data signals and N groups of frequency domain signals corresponding to the reference signals.

[0208] Understandably, if the transmitting end performs the operation of adding a cyclic prefix, before S406, the receiving end can perform the operation of removing the cyclic prefix on the received signal.

[0209] S407: The receiver performs channel equalization on the L groups of frequency domain signals, and performs inverse Fourier transform on the L groups of channel-equalized signals to obtain the L groups of time domain signals.

[0210] Understandably, if the reference signal is used for channel estimation, the receiver can also extract the reference signal from the K groups of frequency domain signals, perform channel estimation, and interpolate to obtain the channel information of the data signal. The time-frequency resources occupied by the reference signal can be defined in the protocol, negotiated between the transmitter and receiver, indicated by the transmitter to the receiver, or indicated by the receiver to the transmitter—there are no restrictions. Subsequently, the receiver can perform channel equalization on the L groups of frequency domain signals based on the channel estimation results, and then perform inverse Fourier transforms on the L groups of channel-equalized signals to obtain L groups of time domain signals.

[0211] S408: The receiver obtains the data signal based on the L groups of time-domain signals.

[0212] Based on the method shown in Figure 4, the transmitting end can insert zero-power signals into the modulation signals corresponding to the data signal and the modulation signals corresponding to the reference signal, and group these signals so that the positions of the modulation signals in different groups are different. Then, each group of signals is precoded in the transform domain, and the K groups of frequency domain signals obtained after transform domain precoding are interleaved and mapped in the frequency domain. This allows the reference signal and data signal to be transmitted using frequency domain multiplexing, and the signal to be transmitted has single-carrier characteristics. Therefore, the method shown in Figure 4 can reduce the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted, thereby increasing the transmission power and improving coverage.

[0213] Optionally, in one possible implementation of the method shown in Figure 4, the index of the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of the data signal is less than or equal to a first value. The first value is, for example, 5 or 9.

[0214] Understandably, the smaller the index of the modulation and coding scheme of the data signal, the lower the order of the modulation method used in the data signal; conversely, the larger the index, the higher the order of the modulation method used. When the data signal uses high-order modulation, in addition to reducing the PAPR of the transmitted signal using the method shown in Figure 4, other methods can also be used to reduce the PAPR. For example, the transmitting end can use a low-PAPR reference signal sequence, such as a ZC sequence. Therefore, low-order modulation can be used in the data signal, such as when the index of the modulation and coding scheme of the data signal is less than or equal to the first value (e.g., the modulation method of the data signal is...). When ), the PAPR of the transmitted signal is reduced using the method shown in Figure 4.

[0215] Optionally, in one possible implementation of the method shown in Figure 4, the receiving end may instruct the transmitting end to transmit the reference signal and data signal using the method shown in Figure 4 to reduce the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted. Alternatively, the transmitting end may instruct the receiving end that the signal to be transmitted was obtained using the method shown in Figure 4, so that the receiving end can perform the corresponding inverse processing to obtain the data signal. Specifically, as shown in Figure 6, the method shown in Figure 4 may also include S400A or S400B.

[0216] S400A: The receiving end sends the first indication information to the sending end. Correspondingly, the sending end receives the first indication information from the receiving end.

[0217] In this application, the first indication information indicates that the reference signal and data signal are transmitted using a group-transform precoding interleaving mapping method. That is, the receiving end can instruct the transmitting end to transmit the reference signal and data signal using the method shown in Figure 4. Of course, in specific applications, the method shown in Figure 4 can also have other naming schemes, without limitation.

[0218] One possible implementation is that the index of the modulation and coding scheme of the data signal is less than or equal to a first value, or the modulation method of the data signal is... In this case, the receiving end sends the first indication information to the sending end.

[0219] One possible design is that the receiver is a RAN node and the transmitter is a terminal.

[0220] S400B: The transmitting end sends a second indication message to the receiving end. Correspondingly, the receiving end receives the second indication message from the transmitting end.

[0221] In this application, the second indication information indicates that the signal to be transmitted is obtained by precoding interleaving mapping in the block transform domain. That is, the transmitting end can indicate to the receiving end that the transmitting end is transmitting the reference signal and the data signal using the method shown in Figure 4, so that the receiving end can perform the corresponding inverse processing to obtain the data signal.

[0222] One possible implementation is that the index of the modulation and coding scheme of the data signal is less than or equal to a first value, or the modulation method of the data signal is... In this case, the sending end sends a second indication message to the receiving end.

[0223] One possible design is that the transmitter is a RAN node and the receiver is a terminal.

[0224] Understandably, in order to give the signal to be transmitted single-carrier characteristics, the phase of the modulation signal is constrained in S401. The aim is to stagger the phases of different modulation signals to reduce the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted. However, this approach limits the application scenarios of the method provided in this application. For example, the data signal and the reference signal cannot both use modulation methods other than phase modulation.

[0225] To expand application scenarios, this application can waive the above limitations and instead, after acquiring K groups of initial signals, multiply each signal in the K groups of initial signals by a phase rotation factor to offset the phases of different signals, thereby reducing the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted. In this case, both the data signal and the reference signal can use modulation methods other than phase modulation. For example, the data signal and / or the reference signal can be modulated using binary modulation (such as 1 and -1 modulation), QAM, FSK, PAM, APSK, or OQAM. Of course, the data signal and the reference signal can also use phase modulation, such as both the data signal and the reference signal using phase modulation. Modulation. Specifically, as shown in Figure 6, step S402 in the method shown in Figure 4 can include the following two steps:

[0226] S4021: The transmitting end multiplies each signal in the K initial signals by a phase rotation factor to obtain the K third signal.

[0227] Understandably, each signal here can refer to each of the K initial signals. That is, for any set of initial signals, the modulated signal and the zero-power signal included are multiplied by the phase rotation factor.

[0228] One possible implementation is that, for the k-th initial signal in the K initial signals, the first phase rotation factor multiplied by the s-th signal is related to s, or to both s and k, so that the phases of the corresponding initial signals in the k-th group are staggered, thereby reducing the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted. Here, k is a positive integer less than or equal to K, and s is a positive integer less than or equal to R.

[0229] Optionally, the first phase rotation factor is also related to the first phase. The first phase is either the phase of the t-th signal in the (k+1)-th group of the third signals in the K groups, or the first phase is the phase of the t-th signal in the (k-1)-th group of the third signals in the K groups, so that the corresponding phases of the K groups of third signals are staggered, thereby reducing the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted. Here, t = s+1 or t = s-1.

[0230] As an example, the first phase rotation factor is or or or Where c is a constant. It should be understood that if the first phase rotation factor is related to the first phase, then c is related to the first phase; for example, if the first phase is e... cj2π Furthermore, M = R, where m is related to s, for example, m = s + a; or M = R × K, where m is related to both s and k, for example, m = R × (k-1) + s + a. Here, a is an integer. It should be understood that when the first phase rotation factor is 1, the aforementioned s-th signal is equivalent to not undergoing phase rotation, or equivalent to not being multiplied by the phase rotation factor.

[0231] The following section will use Examples 1 and 3 above as examples to introduce S4021.

[0232] Example 6, if the first phase rotation factor is If M = R and m = s⁻¹, then for the two sets of initial signals shown in Example 1, the first set of initial signals does not need to be multiplied by a phase rotation factor, while the four signals in the second set of initial signals are each multiplied by a phase rotation factor of 1.

[0233] Example 7: If, in the four sets of initial signals shown in Example 3, the phase (i.e., the first phase) of the eight signals included in the first set of initial signals is 1, t = s⁻¹, the first phase rotation factor is M = R × K, m = K × (s-1) + k. Therefore, for the four initial signals shown in Example 3, the first initial signal does not need to be multiplied by the phase rotation factor, while the second initial signal includes eight signals multiplied by the phase rotation factor of... The third set of initial signals includes eight signals, each multiplied by a phase rotation factor of: The fourth set of initial signals includes eight signals, each multiplied by a phase rotation factor of:

[0234] Optionally, in the combined signal obtained by superimposing K groups of third signals, the phase difference between any two adjacent signals is the same, so that the phases corresponding to different modulation signals are staggered, thereby reducing the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted. The combined signal includes R signals.

[0235] For example, after phase rotation, the two sets of third signals obtained in Example 6 above are [C, 0, C, 0] and The combined signal obtained by superimposing these two sets of third signals is: It can be seen that in this combined signal, the phase difference between two adjacent signals is...

[0236] Understandably, each signal in S4021 can also refer to each modulating signal in the K groups of initial signals. That is, for any group of initial signals, the modulating signals it includes are multiplied by a phase rotation factor, while the zero-power signals it includes are not multiplied by a phase rotation factor. In this case, the aforementioned s-th signal can be replaced by the s-th modulating signal, and the t-th signal can be replaced by the t-th modulating signal.

[0237] S4022: The transmitting end performs DFT transformation on the third signals of K groups respectively to obtain K groups of frequency domain signals.

[0238] It is understandable that after the transmitting end performs phase shifting on each signal in the K initial signals, the receiving end also needs to perform corresponding processing.

[0239] For example, if the transmitter performs phase rotation on the group containing the reference signal, the receiver can use the phase-rotated reference signal for channel estimation.

[0240] For example, if the transmitting end performs phase rotation on the group containing the data signal, then in the L groups of time-domain signals obtained in S407 above, the phase difference between two adjacent signals in each group of time-domain signals is... or Furthermore, the receiver can also perform phase compensation on the group containing the data signal. For example, as shown in Figure 6, the above S408 can also be replaced by the following S4081:

[0241] S4081: The receiver multiplies each signal in the L groups of time-domain signals by a phase rotation factor to obtain the data signal.

[0242] One possible implementation is that the receiver multiplies each signal in the L groups of time-domain signals by a phase rotation factor and demodulates the resulting signals to obtain the data signal.

[0243] Understandably, each signal here can refer to each time-domain signal in the L groups of time-domain signals. That is, for any group of time-domain signals, the modulated signal and the zero-power signal included are multiplied by the phase rotation factor.

[0244] One possible design is that, for the u-th time-domain signal in L groups of time-domain signals, the second phase rotation factor multiplied by the w-th signal is related to w, or to both w and u. Here, u is a positive integer less than or equal to L, and w is a positive integer less than or equal to R.

[0245] Optionally, the second phase rotation factor is also related to the second phase. The second phase is the phase of the v-th signal in the (u+1)-th time-domain signal group of the L groups of time-domain signals; or, the second phase is the phase of the v-th signal in the (u-1)-th time-domain signal group of the L groups of time-domain signals. Where v = w+1 or v = w-1.

[0246] As an example, the second phase rotation factor is or or or Where c is a constant. It should be understood that if the second phase rotation factor is related to the second phase, then c is related to the second phase; for example, if the second phase is e... cj2π In addition, M = R, where m is related to w, for example, m = w + a; or M = R × K, where m is related to both w and u, for example, m = R × (u - 1) + w + a.

[0247] Understandably, each signal in S4081 can also refer to each modulating signal in the L groups of time-domain signals. That is, for any group of time-domain signals, the modulating signals included are multiplied by a phase rotation factor, while the zero-power signals included are not multiplied by a phase rotation factor. In this case, the w-th signal mentioned above can be replaced by the w-th modulating signal, and the u-th signal can be replaced by the u-th modulating signal.

[0248] Understandably, S4081 can be considered the reverse process of S4021.

[0249] It is understood that the actions of the sending or receiving end in the above steps can be executed by the processor 301 in the communication device 30 shown in Figure 3, which calls the application code stored in the memory 303. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0250] The above is a detailed process of the method provided in this application. To better understand the method provided in this application, the specific reason why the transmitting end multiplies each signal in the K groups of initial signals by a phase rotation factor is explained below.

[0251] Before explaining the specific reasons, let's first introduce the meaning of phase ramping (PR). For example, a time-domain signal of length M {x} m The transmitting end can obtain the M long-frequency domain signal {X} through DFT. m}, for {X m By performing a cyclic shift of point τ, we can obtain... but and X m The following relationship can be satisfied:

[0252] Subsequently, the sending end can... Perform IDFT to obtain the M long-frequency domain signal in, and x m The following relationship can be satisfied:

[0253] It is evident that the above operation at the transmitting end is equivalent to introducing phase tilt, that is, time (frequency) domain cyclic shift is equivalent to introducing phase tilt into the frequency (time) domain signal.

[0254] In summary, if we consider the signal {Z} on the transmission bandwidth... k}Do By using IDFT, you can obtain Point time domain signal z = {z k}. Utilizing the properties of the DFT: frequency domain upsampling (i.e., equally spaced frequency domain samples) corresponds to periodic repetition in the time domain. Therefore, z can be described by the following formula (1) (in this example, K equals 2):

[0255] Where .* represents the dot product, and q = {q n}, c = {c n In q and c, one represents the modulation signal corresponding to the reference signal, and the other represents the modulation signal corresponding to the data signal. e1={e 1,k}, e2={e 2,k}, δ1 is an integer in the set [0, Δ-1], and δ1 ≠ δ.

[0256] Taking the mapping of one signal to frequency domain resources for each Δ subcarrier as an example, if δ is non-zero, then it will affect {q} n Introducing phase tilt, if δ1 is non-zero, will affect {c} n Introducing phase tilt. Due to the introduction of phase tilt, or May no longer carry Symbol sequence. And when and They all carry When using symbol sequences, the PAPR of the transmitted signal can be reduced. Therefore, in order to ensure... and They all carry A sequence of symbols can be assumed to have one of δ and δ1 being 0 and the other not being 0. For example, assuming δ = 0 and δ1 ≠ 0, it means that {q} is not true. n Introducing phase tilt, but for {c n A phase tilt is introduced. Therefore, an inverse phase tilt (PR) can be applied to c. For example, by introducing... c and c satisfy the following relationship:

[0257] in, At this point, the above formula (1) can be transformed as follows:

[0258] Understandably, z′ still carries... Symbol sequence. For example, if Δ = 2, It is clear that [cc] is Symbol sequence. If Δ = 4 and δ1 = 1, It can be seen that, [ce jπ / 2 cc e j3π / 2 c] is still A symbol sequence, and it shares the same constellation as c.

[0259] In summary, by multiplying each of the K initial signals by a phase rotation factor at the transmitting end, we can obtain the desired result after performing an IDFT on the P frequency domain signals. Symbol sequence to reduce the PAPR of the signal to be transmitted.

[0260] The various embodiments mentioned above in this application can be combined without contradiction, and no limitation is imposed.

[0261] The above mainly describes the solution provided in this application from the perspective of interaction between various network elements. Correspondingly, this application also provides a communication device, which can be the transmitting end in the above method embodiments, or a device including the transmitting end, or a component usable as a transmitting end; or, the communication device can be the receiving end in the above method embodiments, or a device including the receiving end, or a component usable as a receiving end. It is understood that the transmitting end or receiving end, etc., includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function in order to achieve the above functions. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the unit and algorithm operations of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0262] This application can divide the sending or receiving end into functional modules based on the above method examples. For example, each function can be divided into its own functional module, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. It is understood that the module division in this application is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division; other division methods may be used in actual implementation.

[0263] For example, when functional modules are integrated, Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of a communication device 70. The communication device 70 includes a processing module 701 and an interface module 702. The processing module 701, also called a processing unit, is used to perform operations other than transmission and reception; for example, it can be a processing circuit or a processor. The interface module 702, also called an interface unit, is used to perform transmission and reception operations; for example, it can be an interface circuit, a transceiver, a transceiver unit, or a communication interface.

[0264] In some embodiments, the communication device 70 may further include a storage module (not shown in FIG. 7) for storing program instructions and data.

[0265] In some embodiments, the communication device 70 may further include an AI module (not shown in FIG. 7) for implementing AI-related functions. The AI ​​module can implement AI functions through software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. For example, the AI ​​module includes a RIC module. Optionally, the AI ​​module and the storage module are integrated into one module, or the AI ​​module and the processing module 701 are integrated into one module.

[0266] For example, the communication device 70 is used to implement the function of a transmitter. The communication device 70 is, for example, the transmitter described in the embodiment shown in FIG4 or the embodiment shown in FIG6.

[0267] The processing module 701 is used to acquire K sets of initial signals. For example, the processing module 701 can be used to execute S401.

[0268] The processing module 701 is also used to perform transform-domain precoding on the K groups of initial signals respectively to obtain K groups of frequency-domain signals. For example, the processing module 701 can be used to execute S402.

[0269] The processing module 701 is also used to interleave and map the K groups of frequency domain signals to P frequency domain units to obtain P frequency domain signals. For example, the processing module 701 can be used to execute S403.

[0270] The processing module 701 is also used to perform inverse Fourier transform on the P frequency domain signals to obtain the signal to be transmitted. For example, the processing module 701 can be used to execute S404.

[0271] Interface module 702 is used to send the signal to be sent. For example, interface module 702 can be used to execute S405.

[0272] When used to implement the function of the transmitting end, for other functions that the communication device 70 can implement, please refer to the relevant descriptions of the embodiments shown in FIG4 or FIG6, which will not be elaborated further.

[0273] Alternatively, by way of example, the communication device 70 is used to implement the function of a receiving end. The communication device 70 is, for example, the receiving end described in the embodiment shown in FIG4 or the embodiment shown in FIG6.

[0274] The interface module 702 is used to receive signals sent by the transmitting end. For example, the interface module 702 can be used to execute S405.

[0275] Processing module 701 is used to perform a Fourier transform on the received signal to obtain K sets of frequency domain signals. For example, processing module 701 can be used to execute S406.

[0276] The processing module 701 is also used to perform channel equalization on the L groups of frequency domain signals, and to perform inverse Fourier transform on the L groups of channel-equalized signals to obtain L groups of time domain signals. For example, the processing module 701 can be used to execute S407.

[0277] The processing module 701 is also used to obtain a data signal based on the L groups of time-domain signals. For example, the processing module 701 can be used to execute S408.

[0278] When used to implement the function of the receiving end, other functions that the communication device 70 can implement can be referred to the relevant descriptions of the embodiments shown in FIG4 or FIG6, which will not be elaborated further.

[0279] In a simplified embodiment, those skilled in the art will recognize that the communication device 70 can take the form shown in FIG3. For example, the processor 301 in FIG3 can invoke computer execution instructions stored in memory 303 to cause the communication device 70 to execute the method described in the above-described method embodiment.

[0280] For example, the functions / implementation processes of the processing module 701 and interface module 702 in FIG7 can be implemented by the processor 301 in FIG3 calling computer execution instructions stored in memory 303. Alternatively, the functions / implementation processes of the processing module 701 in FIG7 can be implemented by the processor 301 in FIG3 calling computer execution instructions stored in memory 303, and the functions / implementation processes of the interface module 702 in FIG7 can be implemented by the transceiver 302 in FIG3.

[0281] It is understood that one or more of the above modules or units can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of both. When any of the above modules or units are implemented by software, the software exists as computer program instructions and is stored in memory. The processor can be used to execute the program instructions and implement the above method flow. The processor can be built into a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or it can be a stand-alone semiconductor chip. In addition to the core that executes software instructions for computation or processing, the processor may further include necessary hardware accelerators, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), or logic circuits that implement dedicated logic operations.

[0282] When the above modules or units are implemented in hardware, the hardware can be any one or any combination of a CPU, microprocessor, digital signal processing (DSP) chip, microcontroller unit (MCU), artificial intelligence processor, ASIC, SoC, FPGA, PLD, application-specific digital circuit, hardware accelerator, or non-integrated discrete device, which can run the necessary software or perform the above method flow independently of software.

[0283] Optionally, this application also provides a chip system comprising: at least one processor and an interface, wherein the at least one processor is coupled to a memory via the interface, and when the at least one processor executes a computer program or instructions in the memory, the method in any of the above method embodiments is executed. In one possible implementation, the chip system further includes a memory, or the memory may be located outside the chip system. Optionally, the chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices; this application does not specifically limit this.

[0284] Optionally, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. All or part of the processes in the above method embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program can include the processes described in the above method embodiments. The computer-readable storage medium can be an internal storage unit of the communication device in any of the foregoing embodiments, such as the hard disk or memory of the communication device. The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium can also be an external storage device of the communication device, such as a plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, etc., equipped on the communication device. Further, the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium can include both internal storage units and external storage devices of the communication device. The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium is used to store the aforementioned computer program and other programs and data required by the communication device. The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0285] Optionally, this application also provides a computer program product. All or part of the processes in the above method embodiments can be executed by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in the above computer program product, and when executed, it can include the processes described in the above method embodiments.

[0286] Optionally, this application also provides computer instructions. All or part of the processes in the above method embodiments can be executed by computer instructions instructing related hardware (such as a computer, processor, terminal, or RAN node). The program can be stored in the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium or the aforementioned computer program product.

[0287] Optionally, this application also provides a communication system, including: the transmitting end and the receiving end in the above embodiments.

[0288] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0289] It is understood that in this application, " / " can indicate that the objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" can be used to describe three relationships between the related objects. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Here, A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, expressions like "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" are generally used to indicate any of the following: A exists alone; B exists alone; C exists alone; A and B exist simultaneously; A and C exist simultaneously; B and C exist simultaneously; A, B, and C exist simultaneously. The above examples using three elements (A, B, and C) illustrate the optional entries for this item. When the expression contains more elements, its meaning can be obtained according to the aforementioned rules.

[0290] To facilitate the description of the technical solutions of this application, the terms "first" and "second" may be used to distinguish technical features with the same or similar functions. The terms "first" and "second" do not limit the number or execution order, nor do they imply that they are necessarily different. In this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. The use of "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner for ease of understanding.

[0291] It is understood that the term "embodiment" used throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, various embodiments throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It is understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence number of each process does not imply a sequential order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of this application.

[0292] It is understood that in this application, "when," "under the circumstances," "if," and "if" all refer to the corresponding processing that will be carried out under certain objective circumstances, and are not time-limited, nor do they require that there must be a judgment action when implemented, nor do they imply any other limitations.

[0293] In this application, "greater than or equal to" can be replaced with "greater than" or "equal to"; "less than or equal to" can be replaced with "less than" or "equal to". For example, "A is greater than or equal to B" can be replaced with "A is greater than B" or "A is equal to B"; "A is less than or equal to B" can be replaced with "A is less than B" or "A is equal to B".

[0294] It is understood that some optional features in this application can be implemented independently in certain scenarios without relying on other features, such as the current solution upon which they are based, to solve the corresponding technical problems and achieve the corresponding effects. Alternatively, they can be combined with other features as needed in certain scenarios. Correspondingly, the apparatus provided in this application can also implement these features or functions, which will not be elaborated here.

[0295] It is understood that the same step or step with the same function or technical feature in this application can be referenced and learned from each other in different embodiments.

[0296] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0297] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. A component shown as a unit can be one or more physical units; that is, it can be located in one place or distributed in multiple different locations. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0298] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0299] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain K groups of initial signals; each group of initial signals includes R signals, the K groups of initial signals include L groups of first signals and N groups of second signals; each group of first signals includes (R / K) modulation signals corresponding to the data signal and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals, each group of second signals includes (R / K) modulation signals corresponding to the reference signal and [R-(R / K)] zero-power signals; for the i-th initial signal in the K groups of initial signals, among the multiple signals it includes, there is an interval of (K-1) zero-power signals between two adjacent modulation signals, and the first modulation signal is located at the i-th position, R is an integer greater than 2, and R is an integer multiple of K, L and N are both positive integers, K is equal to (L+N), and i is a positive integer less than or equal to K; The K initial signals are precoded in the transform domain to obtain the K frequency domain signals. The K groups of frequency domain signals are interleaved and mapped to P frequency domain units to obtain P frequency domain signals, where P is greater than or equal to (K×R). Perform an inverse Fourier transform on the P frequency domain signals to obtain the signal to be transmitted; Send the signal to be sent.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing transform-domain precoding on the K groups of initial signals to obtain K groups of frequency-domain signals includes: Multiply each of the K initial signals by a phase rotation factor to obtain the K third signals; Perform Discrete Fourier Transform on each of the K groups of third signals to obtain the K groups of frequency domain signals.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the combined signal obtained by superimposing the K groups of third signals, the phase difference between any two adjacent signals is the same; the combined signal includes R signals.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, For the k-th initial signal in the K initial signals, the first phase rotation factor multiplied by the s-th signal is related to s, or to both s and k; k is a positive integer less than or equal to K, and s is a positive integer less than or equal to R.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first phase rotation factor is also related to the first phase; The first phase is the phase of the t-th signal in the (k+1)-th group of the third signals in the K groups; or, The first phase is the phase of the t-th signal in the (k-1)-th group of the third signals in the K groups; Where t = s + 1 or t = s - 1.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The first phase rotation factor is or or or Where c is a constant, M = R, and m is related to s, or M = R × K, and m is related to s and k.

7. The method according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The process of multiplying each signal in the K initial signals by a phase rotation factor to obtain the K third signals includes: Each modulation signal in the K initial signals is multiplied by a phase rotation factor to obtain the K third signals.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive first indication information, which indicates that reference signals and data signals are transmitted using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method; or, Send a second indication message, which indicates that the signal to be transmitted was obtained by using a block transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The index of the modulation encoding / decoding scheme of the data signal is less than or equal to a first value, or the modulation method of the data signal is... Binary phase shift keying.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first value is 5 or 9.

11. The method according to any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that, The modulation scheme of the data signal and the reference signal is as follows: Binary phase shift keying or binary modulation.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The step of interleaving and mapping the K groups of frequency domain signals to P frequency domain units to obtain P frequency domain signals includes: The x-th modulation signal in the k-th frequency domain signal of the K-th frequency domain signal is mapped to the p-th frequency domain unit of the P frequency domain units to obtain the P frequency domain signals; where p = K × (x-1) + k.

13. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: Receive signals sent by the transmitting end; Perform a Fourier transform on the received signal to obtain K sets of frequency domain signals; wherein each set of frequency domain signals includes R signals, the K sets of frequency domain signals include L sets of frequency domain signals corresponding to the data signal and N sets of frequency domain signals corresponding to the reference signal, R is an integer greater than 2 and R is an integer multiple of K, L and N are both positive integers, and K is equal to (L+N). Perform channel equalization on the L groups of frequency domain signals; Perform inverse Fourier transforms on the L groups of signals after channel equalization to obtain L groups of time-domain signals; wherein, the phase difference between any two adjacent signals in each group of time-domain signals is . or The data signal is obtained based on the L groups of time-domain signals.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the data signal based on the L groups of time-domain signals includes: The data signal is obtained by multiplying each signal in the L groups of time-domain signals by a phase rotation factor.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, For the u-th time-domain signal in the L-th time-domain signal group, the second phase rotation factor multiplied by the w-th signal is related to w, or to w and u, where u is a positive integer less than or equal to L, and w is a positive integer less than or equal to R.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The second phase rotation factor is also related to the second phase; The second phase is the phase of the v-th signal in the (u+1)-th time-domain signal of the L groups of time-domain signals; or, The second phase is the phase of the v-th signal in the (u-1)-th time-domain signal of the L groups of time-domain signals; Where v = w + 1 or v = w - 1.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The second phase rotation factor is or or or Where c is a constant, M = R, and m is related to w; or M = R × K, and m is related to w and u.

18. The method according to any one of claims 13-17, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a first indication message, which indicates that the reference signal and data signal are transmitted using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method; or... Receive second indication information, which indicates that the signal to be transmitted is obtained by using a packet transform domain precoding interleaving mapping method.

19. The method according to any one of claims 13-18, characterized in that, The index of the modulation encoding / decoding scheme of the data signal is less than or equal to a first value, or the modulation method of the data signal is... Binary phase shift keying.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The first value is 5 or 9.

21. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes units or modules for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, or includes units or modules for performing the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 20.

22. A communication device, characterized in that, include: A processor coupled to a memory for storing a program or instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, or the method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 20.

23. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed, they cause the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, or the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 20.

24. A computer program product, said computer program product comprising computer program code, characterized in that, When the computer program code is run on a computer, it causes the computer to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 12, or the method of any one of claims 13 to 20.

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