Method and apparatus for communicating with reader in internet-of-things network

Abstract

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for communicating with a reader in an Internet-of-Things (IoT) network. A method of a device for communicating with a reader comprises the steps of: receiving configuration information of a first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission from the reader; measuring the channel state of the first R2D transmission; performing an initial access to the reader through an initial access resource selected on the basis of the result of the measuring of the channel state; receiving data from the reader on the basis of R2D allocation scheduling information included in the configuration information; and transmitting data to the reader on the basis of device-to-reader (D2R) approval scheduling information included in the configuration information.

Description

Method and device for communicating with a leader in an Internet of Things network

[0001] The present disclosure relates to Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and more specifically, to communication technology between a reader and an IoT device in an IoT network.

[0002] Along with the advancement of information and communication technology, various wireless communication technologies are being developed. Representative wireless communication technologies include LTE (long term evolution) and NR (new radio), which are defined in the 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) standards. LTE can be one of the wireless communication technologies among 4G (4th Generation) wireless communication technologies, and NR can be one of the wireless communication technologies among 5G (5th Generation) wireless communication technologies.

[0003] To handle the surge in wireless data following the commercialization of 4G communication systems (e.g., communication systems supporting LTE), 5G communication systems (e.g., communication systems supporting NR) that use frequency bands higher than those of 4G communication systems (e.g., frequency bands below 6 GHz) are being considered. 5G communication systems can support eMBB (enhanced Mobile BroadBand), URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication), and mMTC (massive Machine Type Communication).

[0004] Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) technology, in which multiple things are interconnected and operate, has been receiving significant attention. IoT technology can constitute a communication network comprising one or more readers and IoT devices. The reader may be at least one of a base station, an immediate node, or a user equipment (UE). IoT devices can be deployed in large quantities, for example, in thousands or more, to accommodate various applications while further reducing size, complexity, and power consumption. However, manually replacing or recharging the batteries of IoT devices can be difficult due to issues such as maintenance or management. Therefore, ambient IoT (AIoT) technology is required to support IoT devices in communication networks that lack energy storage functions, such as batteries, or IoT devices that do not require manual battery replacement.

[0005] The objective of the present disclosure to address the above-mentioned requirements is to provide a method and apparatus for communicating with a leader in an IoT network.

[0006] A method of a device for communicating with a reader according to an embodiment of the present disclosure for achieving the above objective may include: receiving setting information for a first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission from a reader; measuring the channel status of the first R2D transmission; performing an initial connection with the reader through an initial connection resource selected based on the result of measuring the channel status; receiving data from the reader based on R2D allocation scheduling information included in the setting information; and transmitting data to the reader based on device-to-reader (D2R) acknowledgment scheduling information included in the setting information.

[0007] The step of performing an initial connection with the above-mentioned reader may include: a step of setting the size of an initial connection window based on the measurement result; a step of selecting at least one of a plurality of time slots in an initial connection window of the set size as the initial connection resource; a step of transmitting an initial connection message to the reader using the initial connection resource; a step of identifying an initial connection response resource based on setting information of a second R2D transmission received from the reader as a response to the initial connection message; and, if the initial connection response resource is identified, a step of decoding the information of the initial connection response resource to determine whether the transmission of the initial connection message was successful.

[0008] The step of setting the size of the initial connection window may include: a step of comparing the measurement result with a threshold value; and a step of setting the size of the initial connection window for selecting a long initial connection wireless resource based on the measurement result being greater than the threshold value, and setting the size of the initial connection window for selecting a short initial connection wireless resource based on the measurement result being smaller than the threshold value.

[0009] The step of verifying the initial connection response resource may include: a step of verifying the slot location of the initial connection response resource based on the initial connection response resource setting of the setting information; and a step of verifying the initial connection response resource at the slot location.

[0010] The step of performing an initial connection with the above-mentioned reader may include a step of re-selecting a resource for retransmitting the initial connection message based on at least one of an exponential backoff method or a window reset method, based on the fact that the transmission of the initial connection message is determined to have failed.

[0011] The step of transmitting data to the reader may include: a step of verifying the D2R connection type of the device based on the D2R approval scheduling information; a step of verifying the D2R approval type for the D2R dedicated access based on the fact that the D2R connection type is verified as dedicated access; and a step of transmitting data to the reader using a resource set based on the D2R approval scheduling information based on the fact that the D2R approval type is verified as autonomous-based approval.

[0012] The step of transmitting data to the above-mentioned reader may include: transmitting resource allocation request information to the reader based on the fact that the D2R approval type is confirmed to be a request-based approval; receiving a second R2D transmission including D2R approval wireless resource configuration information from the reader; and transmitting data to the reader using the allocated resources based on the D2R approval wireless resource configuration information.

[0013] The step of confirming the D2R approval type may include confirming the D2R approval type as the autonomous-based approval when at least one of the D2R approval frame number or D2R approval resource information is included in the D2R approval scheduling information.

[0014] The step of transmitting data to the reader may include: a step of selecting a first transmission block to transmit data to the reader from among a plurality of transmission blocks based on the configuration information, based on the fact that the D2R connection type is confirmed to be shared access; a step of selecting one slot from among a plurality of slots of the first transmission block to start data transmission as a transmission start slot; a step of determining whether an Rx signal of another device is detected in the slot preceding the transmission start slot among the plurality of slots; and a step of transmitting data to the reader from the transmission start slot based on the fact that an Rx signal of the other device is not detected in the preceding slot.

[0015] The step of transmitting data to the reader may include the step of re-selecting another transmission block among the plurality of transmission blocks, excluding the first transmission block, based on the detection of the Rx signal of the other device in the previous slot.

[0016] A device for communicating with a reader according to an embodiment of the present disclosure for achieving the above objective may include at least one processor. The at least one processor may cause the device to receive setting information for a first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission from a reader, measure the channel state of the first R2D transmission, perform an initial connection with the reader through an initial connection resource selected based on the result of measuring the channel state, receive data from the reader based on R2D allocation scheduling information included in the setting information, and transmit data to the reader based on device-to-reader (D2R) acknowledgment scheduling information included in the setting information.

[0017] To perform an initial connection with the above-mentioned reader, the at least one processor may cause the device to set the size of an initial connection window based on the measurement result, select at least one of a plurality of time slots in the initial connection window of the set size as the initial connection resource, transmit an initial connection message to the reader using the initial connection resource, identify an initial connection response resource based on the setting information of a second R2D transmission received from the reader as a response to the initial connection message, and, if the initial connection response resource is identified, decode the information of the initial connection response resource to determine whether the transmission of the initial connection message was successful.

[0018] To set the size of the initial connection window, the at least one processor may cause the device to compare the measurement result with a threshold value, and to set the size of the initial connection window for selecting a long initial connection wireless resource based on the measurement result being greater than the threshold value, and to set the size of the initial connection window for selecting a short initial connection wireless resource based on the measurement result being smaller than the threshold value.

[0019] To check the initial connection response resource, the at least one processor may cause the device to check the slot location of the initial connection response resource based on the initial connection response resource setting of the setting information, and to check the initial connection response resource at the slot location.

[0020] To perform an initial connection with the above-mentioned reader, the at least one processor may cause the device to re-select a resource for retransmitting the initial connection message based on at least one of an exponential backoff method or a window reset method, based on the determination that the transmission of the initial connection message has failed.

[0021] To transmit data to the reader, the at least one processor may cause the device to transmit data to the reader using resources set based on the D2R approval scheduling information, based on the D2R approval scheduling information, by checking the D2R connection type of the device based on the fact that the D2R connection type is confirmed to be dedicated access, and based on the fact that the D2R approval type is confirmed to be autonomous-based approval.

[0022] To transmit data to the above-mentioned reader, the at least one processor may cause the device to transmit resource allocation request information to the reader based on the fact that the D2R acknowledgment type is confirmed to be a request-based acknowledgment, receive a second R2D transmission including D2R acknowledgment wireless resource configuration information from the reader, and cause the device to transmit data to the reader using the allocated resources based on the D2R acknowledgment wireless resource configuration information.

[0023] To verify the above D2R approval type, the at least one processor may cause the device to verify the D2R approval type as the autonomous-based approval when the D2R approval scheduling information includes at least one of a D2R approval frame number or D2R approval resource information.

[0024] To transmit data to the reader, the at least one processor may cause the device to transmit data to the reader from among a plurality of transmission blocks based on the configuration information, based on the fact that the D2R connection type is confirmed to be shared access, select a first transmission block to transmit data to the reader from among a plurality of transmission blocks, select a slot to start data transmission from among a plurality of slots of the first transmission block as a transmission start slot, determine whether an Rx signal of another device is detected in the slot preceding the transmission start slot among the plurality of slots, and, based on the fact that an Rx signal of the other device is not detected in the preceding slot, cause data to be transmitted to the reader from the transmission start slot.

[0025] To transmit data to the reader, the at least one processor may cause the device to re-select another transmission block among the plurality of transmission blocks, excluding the first transmission block, based on the detection of the Rx signal of the other device in the previous slot.

[0026] According to the present disclosure, in an AIoT network, a device can adjust the size of an initial connection window based on the channel state measurement result for the R2D transmission of a reader, and can select a resource for initial connection with a reader within the adjusted initial connection window. Accordingly, the device can reduce the transmission error rate of initial connection messages for initial connection with a reader.

[0027] Additionally, when the device confirms that the D2R connection type is a shared connection, it can select a transmission block for D2R transmission to the reader based on whether it detects a signal transmitted to the reader by another device. Accordingly, the device can prevent the occurrence of collisions in data transmitted to the reader.

[0028] Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a communication network.

[0029] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a communication node of a communication network.

[0030] Figure 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the topology of an AIoT (ambient internet of things) network.

[0031] Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the frame structure of an AIoT network.

[0032] FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of wireless resource configuration for R2D (reader to device) transmission of an AIoT network.

[0033] FIGS. 6a to 6c are conceptual diagrams of embodiments for wireless resource configuration of R2D transmission setting information.

[0034] FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a wireless resource configuration for D2R (device to reader) transmission of an AIoT network.

[0035] FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing another embodiment of a wireless resource configuration for D2R transmission of an AIoT network.

[0036] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method of communication between a leader and a device in an AIoT network.

[0037] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating the initial connection method between a reader and a device.

[0038] FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an embodiment of a resource setting method for initial connection of a device.

[0039] FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram showing another embodiment of a resource setting method for initial connection of a device.

[0040] FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method for verifying the initial connection response resource of a device.

[0041] FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram showing another embodiment of a method for verifying the initial connection response resource of a device.

[0042] Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating the R2D reception method of the device.

[0043] FIG. 16 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a wireless resource allocation method based on scheduling information in an AIoT network.

[0044] FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an embodiment of a fixed-size-based wireless resource allocation method.

[0045] FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram illustrating another embodiment of a fixed-size-based wireless resource allocation method.

[0046] FIGS. 19a and FIGS. 19b are conceptual diagrams illustrating embodiments of a variable-size-based wireless resource allocation method.

[0047] Figure 20 is a flowchart illustrating the D2R transmission method of the device.

[0048] FIGS. 21a and FIGS. 21b are conceptual diagrams illustrating embodiments of autonomous-based D2R approval for D2R transmission.

[0049] FIG. 22 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a request-based D2R acknowledgment for D2R transmission.

[0050] Figure 23 is a flowchart illustrating the D2R transmission method of the device.

[0051] FIG. 24 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a wireless resource allocation method for shared access of a device.

[0052] FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a temporary disconnection operation between a reader and a device in an AIoT network.

[0053] FIG. 26 is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of a temporary disconnection operation between a reader and a device in an AIoT network.

[0054] The present disclosure is capable of various modifications and may have various embodiments, and specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail. However, this is not intended to limit the present disclosure to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that it includes all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0055] Terms such as "first," "second," etc., may be used to describe various components, but said components should not be limited by said terms. Such terms are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the first component may be named the second component, and similarly, the second component may be named the first component. The term "and / or" includes a combination of a plurality of related described items or any of a plurality of related described items.

[0056] When it is stated that one component is "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that while it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, there may also be other components in between. On the other hand, when it is stated that one component is "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components in between.

[0057] The terms used in this disclosure are used merely to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this disclosure. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this disclosure, terms such as “comprising” or “having” are intended to specify the existence of the features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, and should be understood as not precluding the existence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this disclosure.

[0059] A communication network to which embodiments according to the present disclosure are applied will be described. The communication network may be a non-terrestrial network (NTN), a 4G communication network (e.g., a long-term evolution (LTE) communication network), a 5G communication network (e.g., a new radio (NR) communication network), a B5G mobile communication network (e.g., a 6G mobile communication network), etc. 4G communication networks and 5G communication networks may be classified as terrestrial networks.

[0060] In an embodiment, "an operation (e.g., a transmission operation) being set in a communication node" may mean that "setting information for said operation (e.g., an information element, a parameter)" and / or "information directing the execution of said operation" is signaled to said communication node. In other words, "an operation (e.g., a transmission operation) being set in a communication node" may mean that said communication node receives "setting information for said operation (e.g., an information element, a parameter)" and / or "information directing the execution of said operation." "An information element (e.g., a parameter) being set in a communication node" may mean that said information element is signaled to said communication node (e.g., said communication node receiving said information element). The signaling may be at least one of SI (system information) signaling (e.g., transmission of SIB (system information block) and / or MIB (master information block)), RRC signaling (e.g., transmission of RRC parameters and / or upper layer parameters), MAC CE (control element) signaling, or PHY signaling (e.g., transmission of DCI (downlink control information), UCI (uplink control information), and / or SCI (sidelink control information).

[0061] In the present disclosure, even when a method performed at a first communication node among the communication nodes (e.g., transmission or reception of a signal) is described, the corresponding second communication node may perform a method corresponding to the method performed at the first communication node (e.g., reception or transmission of a signal). For example, when the operation of a terminal is described, the base station corresponding to the terminal may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the terminal. Conversely, when the operation of a base station is described, the terminal corresponding to the base station may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the base station. Furthermore, when the operation of a first terminal is described, the second terminal corresponding to the first terminal may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the first terminal. Conversely, when the operation of a second terminal is described, the first terminal corresponding to the second terminal may perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the second terminal.

[0062] In the present disclosure, a phrase containing "~ case (e.g., when ~)" may be expressed as a phrase containing "~ based on (e.g., based on ~)" or a phrase containing "~ in response to (e.g., in response to ~)". In other words, a phrase containing "~ case" may be interpreted as identical or similar to a phrase containing "~ based on" or a phrase containing "~ in response to".

[0063] Throughout the specification, the term "terminal" may refer to a mobile station, mobile terminal, subscriber station, portable subscriber station, user equipment, access terminal, etc., and may include all or part of the functions of a terminal, mobile station, mobile terminal, subscriber station, portable subscriber station, user equipment, access terminal, etc.

[0064] Here, a desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet PC, wireless phone, mobile phone, smartphone, smart watch, smart glass, e-book reader, PMP (portable multimedia player), portable game console, navigation device, digital camera, DMB (digital multimedia broadcasting) player, digital audio recorder, digital audio player, digital picture recorder, digital picture player, digital video recorder, digital video player, etc., capable of communicating with a terminal can be used.

[0065] Throughout the specification, the term "base station" may refer to an access point, a radio access station, a node B, an evolved node B, a base transceiver station, a mobile multihop relay (MMR)-BS, etc., and may include all or part of the functions of a base station, access point, radio access station, node B, eNodeB, base transceiver station, MMR-BS, etc.

[0066] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. In order to facilitate an overall understanding of the present disclosure, the same reference numerals are used for identical components in the drawings, and redundant descriptions of identical components are omitted.

[0067] Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a communication network.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 1, the communication network (100) may include a plurality of communication nodes (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6). A plurality of communication nodes (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) may include a plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) and a plurality of terminals, such as a plurality of user terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6).

[0069] Each of the multiple communication nodes (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) can support 4G communication (e.g., LTE (long term evolution), LTE-A (advanced)), 5G communication (e.g., NR (new radio)), etc., as defined in the 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) standard. 4G communication can be performed in a frequency band of 6 GHz or lower, and 5G communication can be performed not only in a frequency band of 6 GHz or lower but also in a frequency band of 6 GHz or higher.

[0070] For example, for 4G communication and 5G communication, each of the multiple communication nodes (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) has a CDMA (code division multiple access) based communication protocol, a WCDMA (wideband CDMA) based communication protocol, a TDMA (time division multiple access) based communication protocol, a FDMA (frequency division multiple access) based communication protocol, an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) based communication protocol, a Filtered OFDM based communication protocol, a CP (cyclic prefix)-OFDM based communication protocol, a DFT-s-OFDM (discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM) based communication protocol, an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) based communication protocol, a SC (single carrier)-FDMA based communication protocol, It can support communication protocols based on NOMA (Non-orthogonal Multiple Access), GFDM (generalized frequency division multiplexing), FBMC (filter bank multi-carrier) and UFMC (universal filtered multi-carrier) and SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access).

[0071] Additionally, although not illustrated in the drawing, the communication network (100) may further include a core network. If the communication network (100) supports 4G communication, the core network may include an S-GW (serving-gateway), a P-GW (PDN (packet data network)-gateway), an MME (mobility management entity), etc. If the communication network (100) supports 5G communication, the core network may include a UPF (user plane function), an SMF (session management function), an AMF (access and mobility management function), etc.

[0072] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a communication node of a communication network.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 2, the communication node (200) may include at least one processor (210), a memory (220), and a transceiver (230) that is connected to a network to perform communication. Additionally, the communication node (200) may further include an input interface device (240), an output interface device (250), a storage device (260), etc. Each component included in the communication node (200) may be connected by a bus (270) to communicate with one another.

[0074] However, each component included in the communication node (200) may be connected via individual interfaces or individual buses centered around the processor (210), rather than via a common bus (270). For example, the processor (210) may be connected via a dedicated interface to at least one of a memory (220), a transmission / reception device (230), an input interface device (240), an output interface device (250), and a storage device (260).

[0075] The processor (210) can execute a program command stored in at least one of the memory (220) and the storage device (260). The processor (210) may mean a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor on which the methods according to the embodiments of the present disclosure are performed.

[0076] Each of the memory (220) and the storage device (260) may be composed of at least one of a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium. For example, the memory (220) may be composed of at least one of a read-only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM).

[0077] Referring again to FIG. 1, Internet of Things (IoT) technology, in which multiple things are interconnected and operate, has recently been receiving significant attention. IoT technology can form a communication network comprising one or more readers and IoT devices. The reader may be at least one of a base station, an immediate node, or a user equipment (UE). IoT devices can be deployed in large numbers, for example, thousands or more, to accommodate various applications while further reducing size, complexity, and power consumption. However, manually replacing or recharging the batteries of IoT devices can be difficult due to issues such as maintenance or management of the devices. Therefore, ambient IoT (AIoT) technology may be required to support IoT devices without energy storage functions, such as batteries, or IoT devices that do not require manual battery replacement in a communication network.

[0078] In an AIoT network, IoT devices may have lower complexity than existing NB (narrow band)-IoT devices or LTE-MTC (long-term evolution machine type communication) devices. Additionally, IoT devices in an AIoT network may not include a battery, or may include a battery of limited capacity. The present disclosure may provide a method for wireless access of IoT devices in an AIoT network comprising a plurality of the aforementioned IoT devices. For example, the present disclosure may disclose a procedure for setting up and allocating resources for wireless access between a reader of an AIoT network and an IoT device.

[0079] Figure 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the topology of an AIoT network.

[0080] Referring to FIG. 3, the AIoT network can consider three network topologies. For example, the AIoT network can consider at least one of a base station / IoT device topology (A), an immediate node / IoT device topology (B), or a user equipment (UE) / IoT device topology (C).

[0081] In a base station / IoT device topology (A), the IoT device (340) can communicate by being directly connected to the base station (310). In the base station / IoT device topology (A), the base station (310) can deliver data, signals, or energy required by the IoT device to the IoT device (340). The base station (310) can deliver energy to the IoT device (340) using a radio frequency (RF) signal so that the IoT device (340) can perform energy harvesting. The RF signal may contain data or signals. In such a topology, the base station (310) can perform the function of a reader and may include a gNB, eNB of a cellular network, or an access point (AP) of a wireless LAN network.

[0082] In an intermediate node / IoT device topology (B), an IoT device (340) can communicate with a base station (310) by connecting through an intermediate node (320). The base station (310) can perform data and signal procedures of a cellular network with the intermediate node (320). The intermediate node (320) can deliver data, signals, or energy required by the IoT device to the IoT device (340). The intermediate node (320) can deliver energy to the IoT device (340) using an RF signal so that the IoT device (340) can perform energy harvesting. The RF signal may contain data or signals. In this topology, the intermediate node (320) can perform the function of a leader and may include a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or a UE (user equipment) repeater.

[0083] In the user terminal / IoT device topology (C), the IoT device (340) can communicate directly with the user terminal (330). The user terminal (330) can transmit data, signals, or energy required by the IoT device to the IoT device (340). The user terminal (330) can transmit energy to the IoT device (340) using an RF signal so that the IoT device (340) can perform energy harvesting. The RF signal may include data or signals.

[0084] In an AIoT network, IoT devices (340) can be classified into the following types. For example, IoT devices (340) can be classified as Type A IoT devices, Type B IoT devices, or Type C IoT devices based on whether they use an amplifier for transmitting / receiving a link (e.g., signal or data) with a reader or whether they have their own energy storage (e.g., battery).

[0085] A Type A IoT device may not use an amplifier during link transmission or reception between the IoT device and the reader. The maximum power consumption of a Type A IoT device may be greater than 0 and less than 1 μW. Link transmission from the Type A IoT device to the reader may be achieved through backscattering on an externally provided carrier wave. A Type A IoT device may not have its own energy storage.

[0086] Type B IoT devices may not use amplifiers during link transmission or reception between the IoT device and the reader. The maximum power consumption of a Type B IoT device may be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1 μW. Link transmission from a Type B IoT device to a reader may be achieved through backscattering on an externally provided carrier wave. A Type B IoT device may have its own energy storage.

[0087] Type C IoT devices may use amplifiers for link transmission or reception between the IoT device and the reader. The maximum power consumption of a Type C IoT device can be greater than zero and less than several hundred μW. Link transmission from a Type C IoT device to a reader can be achieved through backscattering on an externally provided carrier wave or by transmitting a self-generated signal. Type C IoT devices may have their own energy storage.

[0088] Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the frame structure of an AIoT network.

[0089] Referring to FIG. 4, an AIoT network may include at least one frame, for example, an AIoT frame, composed of a time or frequency resource. The time resource may be in the form of at least one of a symbol, a slot, or a subframe. The frequency resource may be in the form of at least one sub-carrier.

[0090] The AIoT network may further include a carrier wave (CW) segment for energy harvesting of the device. The CW segment can be configured before or after the AIoT frame. The reader can transmit a signal for energy charging of the device through the CW segment.

[0091] An AIoT frame can consist of reader-to-device (R2D) transmission and device-to-reader (D2R) transmission. In an AIoT network, a reader and a device can communicate with each other through the R2D and D2R transmissions of the AIoT frame. For example, a device can obtain synchronization with a reader based on configuration information transmitted periodically or non-periodically from the reader. The device can obtain synchronization with the reader based on a reference signal or synchronization signal in the R2D transmission, and can communicate with the reader through R2D and D2R transmissions based on the obtained synchronization.

[0092] FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of wireless resource configuration for R2D (reader to device) transmission of an AIoT network.

[0093] Referring to FIG. 5, the R2D transmission of the AIoT frame may include configuration information, initial access response information, and R2D access information.

[0094] Configuration information may include configuration information of the AIoT frame, for example, resource configuration information and scheduling information. Resource configuration information may include at least one of the size of the time or frequency resources of the AIoT frame, the configuration of R2D transmission resources, or the configuration of D2R transmission resources. Scheduling information may include R2D assignment and D2R grant.

[0095] The configuration of the R2D transmission resource in the resource configuration information may include information such as the location or size of the wireless resource included in the R2D transmission of the reader. The configuration of the D2R transmission resource may include information such as the location or size of the wireless resource included in the D2R transmission of the device. The location of each wireless resource in the configuration of the R2D transmission resource or the configuration of the D2R transmission resource may indicate the starting location of the time resource or the frequency resource, and the size of the wireless resource may indicate whether the resource is in use or the amount of use at the starting location of the resource. Each configuration of the R2D transmission resource or the configuration of the D2R transmission resource may be expressed as a combination of the location and size of the starting resource. For example, in the case where the R2D transmission may include 14 symbols, e.g., time resources, and the initial connection resource uses the 6th time resource from the 4th time resource and the R2D connection resource uses the 14th time resource from the 7th time resource, the configuration of the initial connection resource in the R configuration information may be represented as (4,3), and the configuration of the R2D connection resource may be represented as (7,7).

[0096] The R2D allocation of the scheduling information may include wireless resource scheduling information for an R2D connection, for example, the transmission of data or control information from a reader to a device. The D2R acceptance may include wireless resource scheduling information for a D2R connection, for example, the transmission of data or control information from a device to a reader. The scheduling information may include one or more resource blocks (RBs) composed of a combination of time or frequency resources.

[0097] FIGS. 6a to 6c are conceptual diagrams of embodiments for wireless resource configuration of R2D transmission setting information.

[0098] Referring to FIG. 6a, the configuration information of the R2D transmission may include wireless resources allocated based on a full band allocation method. The full band allocation method may be a method of allocating a fixed-length time resource and a frequency resource of the global band for that time resource as wireless resources at the start of an AIoT frame.

[0099] Referring to FIGS. 6b and 6c, the configuration information of an R2D transmission may include radio resources allocated based on a partial band allocation method. The partial band allocation method may be a method of allocating a fixed-length time resource and a frequency resource of a partial band corresponding to that time resource as radio resources at the start of an AIoT frame. The partial band allocation method may include a single partial band allocation method illustrated in FIG. 6b and a multiple partial band allocation method illustrated in FIG. 6c. The single partial band allocation method may be a method of allocating a frequency resource of a single partial band as a radio resource of the configuration information, and the multiple partial band allocation method may be a method of allocating frequency resources of multiple partial bands as radio resources of the configuration information.

[0100] Referring again to FIG. 5, the initial access response information may include a wireless resource for transmitting an initial access response message transmitted from the device via a D2R connection. The initial access response resource may include a long initial access resource and a short initial access resource classified according to resource size based on the size of the reader's initial access response message or transmission settings.

[0101] The initial connection response resource can be configured in the same form as the device's initial connection resource. Accordingly, the device can verify whether the previously transmitted initial connection message was successfully transmitted by receiving and decoding the initial connection response resource that is identical to the initial connection message transmitted to the reader via D2R transmission. For example, if one initial connection resource is composed of a time resource with two symbols and a frequency resource with two subcarriers, and the initial connection radio resource includes four initial connection resources, the device can select one of the four initial connection resources and transmit the initial connection message to the reader. Subsequently, the device can receive and decode the response resource at the same location as the resource at which the initial connection message was transmitted from the initial connection response resource received from the reader, and can verify whether the initial connection with the reader was successful based on the decoding result.

[0102] R2D connection information may include wireless resources for data or control information transmitted from a reader to a device. The AIoT network may provide services in the form of an inventory or a command, and the data transmitted and received between the reader and the device may have a predefined fixed length. Accordingly, the R2D connection wireless resources may be determined as transmission blocks composed of wireless resources of a fixed size rather than a variable size. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the R2D connection wireless resources may include at least one of different types of transmission blocks, for example, an R2D transmission block of type A (R2D_tbA) or an R2D transmission block of type B (R2D_tbB). Additionally, the control information may be composed of wireless resources of a predefined fixed size.

[0103] FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a wireless resource configuration for D2R (device to reader) transmission of an AIoT network.

[0104] Referring to FIG. 7, the D2R transmission may include initial access information and D2R access information.

[0105] The initial connection information may include wireless resources for transmitting an initial connection message from the device to the reader. The initial connection wireless resources may have the same form as the initial connection response wireless resources of the aforementioned R2D transmission. The initial connection wireless resources may include long initial connection resources and short initial connection resources depending on the resource size.

[0106] D2R access information may include at least one of a wireless resource for D2R shared access or a wireless resource for D2R dedicated access. D2R shared access may be a wireless resource in which each of a plurality of devices transmits data to a reader in the form of random access based on the reader's settings, for example, setting information for R2D transmission. D2R dedicated access wireless resource may be a wireless resource in which a single device transmits data to a reader based on the reader's settings, for example, setting information for R2D transmission.

[0107] A D2R shared access wireless resource or a D2R dedicated access wireless resource may have a predefined fixed size. Accordingly, a D2R shared access wireless resource or a D2R dedicated access wireless resource may be determined as a transmission block composed of a wireless resource of a fixed size rather than a variable size. Additionally, a D2R shared access wireless resource or a D2R dedicated access wireless resource may include at least one of a D2R transmission block of a first type (type A) (D2R_tbA) or a D2R transmission block of a second type (type B) (D2R_tbB).

[0108] FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing another embodiment of a wireless resource configuration for D2R transmission of an AIoT network.

[0109] Referring to FIG. 8, the initial connection information of a D2R transmission may include a wireless resource for transmitting an initial connection message from the device to the reader. The initial connection wireless resource may have the same structure as the initial connection response wireless resource of the R2D transmission described above. The initial connection wireless resource may include a long initial connection resource and a short initial connection resource depending on the resource size. The initial connection wireless resource may be configured as a distributed distribution within the frame of the D2R transmission.

[0110] D2R connection information may include at least one of a D2R shared connection wireless resource or a D2R dedicated connection wireless resource. The D2R shared connection wireless resource or the D2R dedicated connection wireless resource may be determined as a transmission block composed of a fixed-size wireless resource. The D2R shared connection wireless resource or the D2R dedicated connection wireless resource may include at least one of a D2R transmission block of a first type (type A) (D2R_tbA) or a D2R transmission block of a second type (type B) (D2R_tbB).

[0111] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method of communication between a leader and a device in an AIoT network.

[0112] Referring to FIG. 9, the leader can transmit configuration information to the device via R2D transmission. The device can receive the configuration information of the R2D transmission from the leader and perform an initial connection procedure with the leader based on the received configuration information (S910). The leader may be a base station, an intermediate node, or a user terminal of an AIoT network. The device may be an IoT device that communicates with the leader in an AIoT network.

[0113] When the initial connection procedure is completed, the reader can transmit data to the device via R2D transmission based on the resources scheduled in the R2D allocation of the scheduling information. The device can receive the data transmitted from the reader based on the R2D allocation scheduling information of the configuration information (S920).

[0114] The device can determine whether there is data or control information to be transmitted to the reader based on data received from the reader. If there is data or control information to be transmitted to the reader, the device can determine the D2R acknowledgment type based on D2R acknowledgment scheduling information from previously received configuration information. For example, the device can determine one of the D2R acknowledgment types, such as a D2R dedicated connection or a D2R shared connection, from the D2R acknowledgment scheduling information. Based on the result of the determination, the device can transmit data or control information to the reader via D2R transmission (S930).

[0115] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating the initial connection method between a reader and a device.

[0116] Referring to FIG. 10, the device can receive configuration information from the reader through a first R2D transmission (S1010). The first R2D transmission may be a signal that the reader initially transmits to the device. The device can obtain resource information for initial connection based on resource configuration information included in the configuration information of the first R2D transmission.

[0117] The device can measure the channel state for the first R2D transmission of the reader (S1020). The device can receive a synchronization signal or a reference signal along with the first R2D transmission from the reader, and can measure the channel state for the first R2D transmission by measuring the level of the received signal. The synchronization signal may include at least one of a preamble, a mid-amble, or a post-amble.

[0118] The device can select a resource for initial connection with a reader based on the channel state measurement result (S1030). The device can set the size of the initial connection window based on the channel state measurement result. The initial connection window may include a plurality of time slots. Information regarding the initial connection window may be included in the setting information of the R2D transmission. The device can select at least one of the plurality of time slots included in the initial connection window, the size of which is set based on the channel state measurement result, as an initial connection resource. For example, the device can set the window size for selecting a long initial connection wireless resource when the channel state measurement result is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value. The device can set the window size for selecting a short initial connection wireless resource when the channel state measurement result is less than the threshold value. According to an embodiment, the device may also set the window size for selecting a long initial connection resource to reduce the initial connection transmission error rate when the channel state measurement result is less than the threshold value.

[0119] FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an embodiment of a resource setting method for initial connection of a device.

[0120] Referring to FIG. 11, the device may set an initial access window. The initial access window may include a plurality of time slots, for example, 26 time slots. The initial access window may include a plurality of groups, for example, a first group (Group #1), a second group (Group #2), and a third group (Group #3), each including at least one time slot. The first group may include four long time slots. The second group may include four short time slots and two long time slots together with the time slots of the first group. The third group may include 16 short time slots together with the time slots of the first group and the second group, respectively.

[0121] The device can measure a signal level based on a synchronization signal or a reference signal received from a reader. The device can compare the measured signal level with preset threshold values. The threshold values ​​can be set corresponding to each of a plurality of groups of an initial connection window and can have different sizes. For example, the threshold values ​​may include a first threshold value, a second threshold value smaller than the first threshold value, and a third threshold value smaller than the second threshold value.

[0122] When the measured signal level is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the device can set the size of the initial connection window to the size of the third group. The device can select at least one of the multiple time slots of the third group as the initial connection resource. When the measured signal level is greater than or equal to a second threshold and less than the first threshold, the device can set the size of the initial connection window to the size of the second group. The device can select at least one of the multiple time slots of the second group as the initial connection resource. When the measured signal level is greater than or equal to a third threshold and less than the second threshold, the device can set the size of the initial connection window to the size of the first group. The device can select at least one of the multiple time slots of the first group as the initial connection resource.

[0123] FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram showing another embodiment of a resource setting method for initial connection of a device.

[0124] Referring to FIG. 12, the device may set an initial access window. The initial access window may include a plurality of time slots, for example, 26 time slots. The initial access window may include a plurality of groups, for example, a first group (Group #1), a second group (Group #2), and a third group (Group #3), each including at least one time slot. The first group may include four long time slots. The second group may include four short time slots and two long time slots. The third group may include 16 short time slots.

[0125] The device can measure a signal level based on a synchronization signal or a reference signal received from a reader. The device can compare the measured signal level with preset threshold values. The threshold values ​​can be set corresponding to each of a plurality of groups of an initial connection window. The threshold values ​​may include a first threshold value, a second threshold value smaller than the first threshold value, and a third threshold value smaller than the second threshold value.

[0126] When the measured signal level is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the device can set the size of the initial connection window to the size of the third group. The device can select at least one of the multiple time slots of the third group as the initial connection resource. When the measured signal level is greater than or equal to a second threshold and less than the first threshold, the device can set the size of the initial connection window to the size of the second group. The device can select at least one of the multiple time slots of the second group as the initial connection resource. When the measured signal level is greater than or equal to a third threshold and less than the second threshold, the device can set the size of the initial connection window to the size of the first group. The device can select at least one of the multiple time slots of the first group as the initial connection resource.

[0127] Referring again to FIG. 10, the reader may transmit at least one piece of information for selecting an initial connection resource of the device, for example, initial connection setting information, to the device. The reader may transmit the initial connection setting information to the device by including the initial connection setting information in the setting information of the first R2D transmission.

[0128] Initial connection configuration information may include at least one of the initial initial connection window size, the time slot configuration of the initial initial connection window, or threshold values. The time slot configuration of the initial initial connection window may include at least one of the start time slot resource location of each group included in the initial initial connection window, the number and location of long time slots of each group, or the number and location of short time slots of each group. Here, the number of time slots may be set as an integer, and the resource location may be set as a bit sequence.

[0129] For example, when the initial initial connection window shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, respectively, is represented as initial connection setting information, the size of the initial initial connection window may be 26. The wireless resource positions of the start time slots of the first group, second group, and third group of the initial initial connection window may be set to 23, 17, and 16, respectively. The number and position of the long time slots of the first group, second group, and third group may be set to (4, '1111'), (2, '010010'), and (0, '0000000000000000'). The number and position of the short time slots of the first group, second group, and third group may be set to (0, '0000'), (4, '101101'), and (16, '1111111111111111').

[0130] The device can select an initial connection resource based on the initial connection setting information included in the setting information of the first R2D transmission received from the reader. The device can transmit an initial connection message to the reader using the selected initial connection resource (S1040). The initial connection message may include a device identifier, for example, a device ID. The device ID may be an identifier capable of recognizing a specific device. The terminal may receive the device ID from an upper layer, or it may be an arbitrary value recognizable in the wireless section, for example, between the reader and the device, and it may be selected through the device's arbitrary selection. The device can transmit the initial connection message to the reader via D2R transmission.

[0131] The reader can perform a second R2D transmission to the device based on an initial connection message received from the device. The device can receive setting information for the second R2D transmission from the reader (S1050).

[0132] Based on the configuration information of the second R2D transmission, the device can determine whether the second R2D transmission includes an initial connection response resource, for example, whether initial connection response information (or a frame) is included (S1050). If the device determines that the second R2D transmission includes an initial connection response resource, it can determine the location of the initial connection response resource.

[0133] FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method for verifying the initial connection response resource of a device.

[0134] Referring to FIG. 13, the reader can set the location of the initial connection response resource based on a one-to-one mapping with the initial connection resource. For example, the device can transmit an initial connection message to the reader through the initial connection resources of the 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th, 12th, and 15th slots among a plurality of time slots. Based on the received initial connection message, the reader can set the initial connection response resource at a location that is mapped one-to-one with the slot location of the initial connection resource among the plurality of time slots, for example, the 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th, 12th, and 15th slots. The reader can transmit the initial connection response resource setting to the device including the setting of the initial connection response resource in the setting information. Based on the initial connection response resource setting of the received setting information, the device can verify the slot location of the initial connection response resource in the second R2D transmission.

[0135] FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram showing another embodiment of a method for verifying the initial connection response resource of a device.

[0136] Referring to FIG. 14, the reader can set the location of the initial connection response resource based on an index associated with the initial connection resource. The index associated with the initial connection resource can be determined by a combination of the slot location of the initial connection resource and the slot location of the initial connection response resource. When the device transmits an initial connection message to the reader, it may also transmit an initial connection resource index associated with the initial connection response resource. The reader can set the location of the initial connection response resource based on the index of the initial connection resource received from the device. For example, the device may transmit an initial connection message and an index of the initial connection resource to the reader through the initial connection resources of the 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th, 12th, and 15th slots among a plurality of time slots. Based on the index of the initial connection resource received from the device, the reader can set the initial connection response resource at a location associated with the slot location of the initial connection resource, for example, the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th slots among a plurality of time slots. The reader can set the initial connection response resource by combining the slot location of the initial connection resource and the slot location of the initial connection response resource. For example, the reader can set initial response resources in the form of (1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 7), (4, 8), (5, 12), (6, 15). The reader can transmit to the device the initial connection response resource settings included in the setting information. The device can receive the setting information for the second R2D transmission from the reader. Based on the initial connection response resource settings included in the received setting information, the device can determine the slot position of the initial connection response resource in the second R2D transmission.

[0137] Referring again to FIG. 10, the device can determine whether the initial connection with the reader is successful based on the result of verifying the initial connection response resource (S1070). The device can decode the information contained in the verified initial connection response resource based on the initial connection response resource setting, and can determine whether the transmission of the initial connection message is successful based on the decoding result.

[0138] If the device does not include an initial connection response in the second R2D transmission received from the reader or if the initial connection with the reader fails, the device may retransmit an initial connection message to the reader. The device may re-select an initial connection resource for retransmitting the initial connection message and may transmit the initial connection message to the reader through the re-selected initial connection resource (S1080).

[0139] For example, the device may select a resource for retransmitting the initial connection message using at least one of an exponential backoff method or a window reset method.

[0140] The exponential backoff method may be a method of expanding the size of the initial connection window of the initially configured device. The device may expand the size of the initial connection window exponentially to re-select an initial connection resource. The device may re-select any slot within the expanded initial connection window range and retransmit the initial connection message using the wireless resources of the selected slot. Since the device can utilize the initially configured initial connection window for the retransmission of the initial connection message, it may be unnecessary to receive additional information from the reader for the retransmission of the initial connection message.

[0141] The window reset method may be a method for resetting the initial connection window of the device. The device may reset the size of the initial connection window based on the configuration information of the first R2D transmission received from the reader. The device may select any slot in the reset initial connection window and retransmit the initial connection message using the resources of the selected slot. Since the device may set a new initial connection window for the retransmission of the initial connection message, it may additionally receive information from the reader for resetting the initial connection window.

[0142] Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating the R2D reception method of the device.

[0143] When the initial connection procedure between the reader and the device is completed, the device can receive configuration information from the reader via R2D transmission (S1510). R2D transmission may be a signal transmitted from the reader to the device after the initial connection between the reader and the device is completed.

[0144] The device can obtain R2D allocation scheduling information from the received configuration information (S1520). Based on the obtained R2D allocation scheduling information, the device can receive data from the reader via R2D transmission (S1530).

[0145] In an AIoT network, a leader and a device can operate based on scheduling information. The scheduling information may include R2D allocation and D2R acknowledgment. R2D allocation may include scheduling information for data transmission from a leader to a device, for example, scheduling information for wireless resources for transmitting data and control information for an R2D connection. D2R acknowledgment may include scheduling information for data transmission from a device to a leader, for example, scheduling information for wireless resources for transmitting data and control information for a D2R connection. The leader may include the aforementioned scheduling information in configuration information and transmit it to the device.

[0146] The reader may assign a device ID using at least one of a unicast method that assigns one device ID (identifier) ​​to one device, a multicast method that assigns one device ID to each of multiple devices, or a broadcast method that assigns multiple device IDs to each of multiple devices. The reader may allocate wireless resources to the device based on the device ID assigned to the device.

[0147] For example, the leader may assign device ID '0001' to a first device among multiple devices using a unicast method. The leader may allocate wireless resources to the first device based on device ID '0001'. Additionally, the leader may assign the same device ID '0001' to both the first device and the second device among multiple devices using a multicast method. The leader may allocate the same wireless resources to both the first device and the second device based on device ID '0001'.

[0148] A device can obtain scheduling information for wireless resources allocated to it based on a device ID assigned by a leader. The leader can assign a device ID for scheduling information for each R2D assignment and D2R acceptance. The leader can transmit the device ID assigned to each scheduling information to the device as explicit information. Additionally, the leader can scramble each scheduling information using the device ID and transmit this to the device as implicit information. The leader can include an algorithm or polynomial for descrambling the scheduling information in the configuration information of the R2D transmission and transmit it to the device.

[0149] FIG. 16 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a wireless resource allocation method based on scheduling information in an AIoT network.

[0150] Referring to FIG. 16, the reader can set scheduling information for R2D allocation and D2R acceptance, respectively. R2D allocation scheduling information may include indices #0 to #8. D2R acceptance scheduling information may include indices #9 to #14.

[0151] Each of the multiple indices of the R2D allocation scheduling information can be mapped one-to-one with each of the multiple resource blocks of the R2D connection, for example, TB (transmission block) 0 to TB 8. Each of the multiple indices of the D2R acknowledgment scheduling information can be mapped one-to-one with each of the multiple resource blocks of the D2R connection, for example, TB 9 to TB 14.

[0152] Each of the multiple transmission blocks of the R2D connection and the multiple resource blocks of the D2R connection may have the same or different types. For example, each of TB0 to TB4 of the R2D connection may be a resource block of type 1 (tbA), each of TB5 and TB6 may be a resource block of type 2 (tbB), and each of TB7 and TB8 may be a resource block of type 3 (tbC). Additionally, each of TB9 to TB14 of the D2R approval may be a resource block of type 1 (tbA).

[0153] FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an embodiment of a fixed-size-based wireless resource allocation method.

[0154] Referring to FIG. 17, the reader can schedule fixed-size-based wireless resource allocation for each R2D allocation or D2R approval based on at least one of the data size or transmission method transmitted to the device.

[0155] The reader can set at least one transmission block type by considering modulation or coding methods considered in the AIoT network based on a pre-set data length. The reader can set a transmission block type set for at least one transmission block type. The reader can include transmission block type set information in the configuration information for R2D transmission and transmit it to the device. The device can obtain wireless resource allocation scheduling information for R2D allocation or D2R approval based on the transmission block type set information of the configuration information.

[0156] For example, the reader may determine the number of transmission blocks required for each of the first data and the second data based on the length (or size) of each of the first data and the second data to be transmitted to the device. If the lengths and the number of transmission blocks of each of the first data and the second data are different, the reader may determine the transmission blocks of the first data as a first type and the transmission blocks of the second data as a second type. The reader may set a transmission block type set including the first type and the second type. The reader may transmit the transmission block type set information to the device by including the transmission block type set information in the R2D transmission setting information. The transmission block type set information may include the transmittable data size or physical layer setting information of at least one transmission block corresponding to the predetermined transmission block type, such as setting information such as modulation or coding.

[0157] FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram illustrating another embodiment of a fixed-size-based wireless resource allocation method.

[0158] Referring to FIG. 18, the reader can set the lowest point coordinate information of a resource configured by at least one transmission block of the transmission block type set information together with the pre-set transmission block type set information. The reader may include the transmission block type set information and the lowest point coordinate information in the setting information of the R2D transmission and transmit this to the device.

[0159] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 18, the first resource block may include at least one transmission block, the transmission block type of the first resource block may be a first type, and the lowest point coordinates of the first resource block may be (1, 1). The reader may include transmission block type set information including the transmission block type of the first resource block (e.g., the first type) and lowest point coordinate information (e.g., (1, 1)) in the setting information for R2D transmission, and may transmit the setting information to a device. The device may obtain wireless resource allocation scheduling information for R2D allocation or D2R approval based on at least one of the transmission block type set information or the lowest point coordinate information of the setting information.

[0160] FIGS. 19a and FIGS. 19b are conceptual diagrams illustrating embodiments of a variable-size-based wireless resource allocation method.

[0161] Referring to the drawing, the reader can schedule variable-size-based wireless resource allocation for each R2D allocation or D2R approval based on at least one of the data size or transmission method transmitted to the device.

[0162] The leader can schedule wireless resource allocation for each R2D allocation or D2R approval based on coordinate information-based allocation, in which the location of a resource is expressed as coordinates in units of resource blocks to allocate wireless resources. The leader can allocate wireless resources based on coordinate information based on at least one of the lowest point coordinate and highest point coordinate information of a wireless resource or the configuration information of the physical layer. When the shape of a wireless resource is polygonal, the leader can allocate wireless resources based on coordinate information based on at least one of the lowest point coordinate and highest point coordinate information of the wireless resource, the configuration information of the physical layer, or the number of rectangular (e.g., rectangular or square) resources included in the polygonal wireless resource.

[0163] As illustrated in FIG. 19a, the wireless resource that can be allocated for R2D allocation or D2R approval may be in the shape of a rectangle. The reader may set the lowest point coordinate information of the wireless resource to (0, 0) and the highest point coordinate information to (2, 2). The reader may schedule the allocation of the wireless resource for R2D allocation or D2R approval, respectively, based on the set lowest point coordinate information, highest point coordinate information, or physical layer setting information of the wireless resource.

[0164] As illustrated in FIG. 19b, the wireless resources that can be allocated for R2D allocation or D2R approval may be in the shape of a polygon. The reader can identify that the wireless resources include two square-shaped resources. The reader can set the lowest point coordinate information of the first square resource to (0, 0) and the highest point coordinate information to (1, 2). The reader can set the lowest point coordinate information of the second square resource to (1, 0) and the highest point coordinate information to (1, 3). The reader can schedule the allocation of wireless resources for R2D allocation or D2R approval, respectively, based on the lowest point coordinate information, the highest point coordinate information of each of the first square resource and the second square resource, or the physical layer setting information of the wireless resources.

[0165] The reader can schedule the allocation of wireless resources for R2D allocation or D2R approval, respectively, based on bit information-based allocation, in which the location of a resource is represented as a bit stream in units of resource blocks. The reader can allocate wireless resources based on bit information based on at least one of the lowest point coordinates, direction, bit stream, or physical layer configuration information of the wireless resource. If the shape of the wireless resource is polygonal, the reader can allocate wireless resources based on bit information based on at least one of the lowest point coordinates, direction, bit stream, physical layer configuration information, or the number of square resources included in the polygonal wireless resource. Here, the direction may be the frequency resource direction or the time resource direction of the wireless resource. The bit stream may have a value of 1 or 0 depending on whether the resource is allocated.

[0166] As illustrated in FIG. 19a, the wireless resource that can be allocated for R2D allocation or D2R approval may be in the shape of a rectangle. The reader may set the lowest point coordinate information of the wireless resource to (0, 0) and set a bit stream of '11-11' in the frequency direction of the resource. Here, the '-' in the bit stream may serve to indicate the start of a new frequency direction. The reader may schedule the allocation of the wireless resource for R2D allocation or D2R approval, respectively, based on the set lowest point coordinate information, bit stream information, or physical layer setting information of the wireless resource.

[0167] As illustrated in FIG. 19b, the wireless resources that can be allocated for R2D allocation or D2R approval may be in the shape of a polygon. The reader may confirm that the wireless resources include two square-shaped resources. The reader may set the lowest point coordinate information of the first square resource to (0, 0) and set a bit stream of '11' in the frequency direction of the first square resource. The reader may set the lowest point coordinate information of the second square resource to (1, 0) and set a bit stream of '11' in the frequency direction of the second square resource. The reader may schedule the allocation of wireless resources for R2D allocation or D2R approval, respectively, based on the lowest point coordinate information, bit stream information, or physical layer setting information of the wireless resources of the first square resource and the second square resource.

[0168] Figure 20 is a flowchart illustrating the D2R transmission method of the device.

[0169] Referring to FIG. 20, the device can receive configuration information from the reader through a first R2D transmission (S2010). The first R2D transmission may be a signal transmitted from the reader to the device after the initial connection between the reader and the device is completed. The device can obtain D2R acknowledgment scheduling information from the received configuration information.

[0170] The device can determine the D2R connection type based on D2R acknowledgment scheduling information (S2020). The D2R connection type can be classified into dedicated access and shared access. Dedicated access may be a form in which one device accesses one resource block, and shared access may be a form in which one or more devices access one resource block. Information regarding the device's dedicated access may be included in the D2R acknowledgment scheduling information. Accordingly, the device can check for the presence or absence of information regarding dedicated access in the D2R acknowledgment scheduling information obtained from the configuration information, and can determine the D2R connection type based on the result of the check.

[0171] When the device is in the case where the D2R connection type is a shared connection, it can select a wireless resource for D2R transmission based on the setting information of the first R2D transmission. The device can transmit data to the reader via D2R transmission using the selected wireless resource (S2070).

[0172] When the device determines that the D2R connection type is a dedicated connection, it can check the D2R approval type for the D2R dedicated connection (S2030). The D2R approval type can be classified into autonomous-based approval and request-based approval. Autonomous-based approval may be a form in which the leader sets up R2D allocated wireless resources, for example, wireless resource scheduling and D2R approval wireless resource settings together. Request-based approval may be a form in which D2R approval wireless resources are set up based on the device's request, separately from the leader's R2D allocated wireless resource settings. The device can determine the D2R approval type based on the scheduling information of the setting information received from the leader.

[0173] FIGS. 21a and FIGS. 21b are conceptual diagrams illustrating embodiments of autonomous-based D2R approval for D2R transmission.

[0174] Referring to the drawings, when the reader sets (or schedules) a wireless resource for R2D allocation, it may also set a D2R acknowledgment wireless resource to perform the device's response, that is, the device's D2R transmission. The reader may include the R2D allocation wireless resource setting and the D2R acknowledgment wireless resource setting in the scheduling information of the setting information, and may transmit this to the device via the first R2D transmission. The D2R acknowledgment wireless resource setting information may include at least one of an AIoT frame number containing D2R acknowledgment or a D2R acknowledgment wireless resource. The reader may omit the AIoT frame number from the D2R acknowledgment wireless resource setting information when the same AIoT frame contains both R2D allocation and D2R acknowledgment.

[0175] As illustrated in FIG. 21a, the reader can set R2D allocated wireless resources and D2R accepted wireless resources together in a single AIoT frame. The reader may include R2D allocated wireless resource information and D2R accepted wireless resource information in the configuration information for the AIoT frame and transmit it to the device via a first R2D transmission. Based on the configuration information of the first R2D transmission received from the reader, the device may determine the D2R accepted type as an autonomous-based accepted type.

[0176] As illustrated in FIG. 21b, the reader can perform R2D allocation wireless resource settings and D2R approval wireless resource settings in each of the different AIoT frames. For example, the reader can perform R2D allocation wireless resource settings in the first AIoT frame and D2R approval wireless resource settings in the second AIoT frame. The reader may include an AIoT frame number containing R2D allocation wireless resource information and D2R approval wireless resource information in the setting information of the first AIoT frame, and may transmit the setting information of the first AIoT frame to the device through the first R2D transmission. Based on the setting information of the first AIoT frame received from the reader, the device may determine the form of D2R approval in the second AIoT frame received after the first AIoT frame to be autonomous-based approval.

[0177] FIG. 22 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a request-based D2R acknowledgment for D2R transmission.

[0178] Referring to FIG. 22, in an AIoT network, a device can transmit data to a reader when certain conditions are satisfied based on the reader's settings. For example, if the device is a temperature sensor, the reader can be configured to report a warning message to the device when the temperature exceeds a certain level. The device can perform D2R transmission to the reader at any time based on the reader's settings. In this case, the device may require D2R approval to transmit data to the reader. To obtain wireless resource information for D2R approval, the device may transmit a resource allocation request to the reader that includes at least one of a device ID or data size information to be transmitted to the reader.

[0179] Referring again to FIG. 20, when the device determines that the D2R approval type is an autonomous-based approval, it can transmit data to the reader through the corresponding resource based on the D2R approval scheduling information of the setting information received from the reader, that is, the D2R approval wireless resource setting (S2060).

[0180] Additionally, if the device determines that the D2R approval type is a request-based approval, it can generate resource allocation request information for D2R transmission and transmit the generated resource allocation request information to the reader (S2040).

[0181] The reader can set up a D2R-approved wireless resource based on resource allocation request information received from the device. The reader can transmit setting information including the D2R-approved wireless resource setting to the device via a second R2D transmission. The device can receive the setting information from the reader via the second R2D transmission and obtain D2R-approved wireless resource setting information from the setting information (S2050). The device can transmit data to the reader through the corresponding resource based on the D2R-approved wireless resource setting (S2060).

[0182] Figure 23 is a flowchart illustrating the D2R transmission method of the device.

[0183] Referring to FIG. 23, the device can determine the D2R connection type based on configuration information received from the reader through a second R2D transmission. The device can determine the D2R connection type as a shared connection.

[0184] The device may consider at least one of the size of the data to be transmitted to the reader or the state of the transmission channel for a D2R shared connection. Additionally, since a shared connection is a form in which one or more devices connect to a single resource block, for example, a transmission block, a method for determining the priority of shared connections among multiple devices may be required. In this disclosure, an embodiment for determining the priority of shared connections based on signal sensing for each of the multiple devices will be described.

[0185] The reader may include shared access wireless resource allocation information in the configuration information, which includes at least one of a wireless resource start location per transmission block type for D2R shared access, a number of sensing slots per transmission block type, or a transmission configuration information selection policy per channel state. The reader may transmit the configuration information to the device via R2D transmission.

[0186] The device can select a transmission block to transmit data to the reader via a shared connection based on configuration information received from the reader (S2310). The device can measure the channel status for R2D transmission and select a transmission block based on the measurement result. The device's channel status measurement and transmission block selection may be the same as the device's channel status measurement and initial connection resource selection operation described above with reference to FIG. 10.

[0187] FIG. 24 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a wireless resource allocation method for shared access of a device.

[0188] Referring to FIGS. 23 and 24, wireless resource allocation information for D2R shared access may include at least one type-specific transmission block. For example, the D2R shared access wireless resource may include four transmission blocks of type A, two transmission blocks of type B, and one transmission block of type C. Each of the plurality of transmission blocks may include at least one sensing slot for signal sensing and a transmission slot for data transmission, depending on the type. For example, a transmission block of type A may include eight sensing slots and one transmission slot.

[0189] The device can select one transmission block from among a plurality of type-specific transmission blocks based on configuration information received from the reader. The device can select one slot from among the plurality of slots of the selected transmission block as the transmission start slot to start data transmission (S2320).

[0190] The device can check whether another device is transmitting data in the slot prior to the transmission start slot among multiple slots. The device can listen to the Rx signal that another device transmits to the reader in the slot prior to the transmission start slot (S2330).

[0191] For example, the device may select sensing slot #3 as the transmission start slot among multiple slots of the selected transmission block. The device may listen for an Rx signal transmitted by another device during the slot interval of sensing slot #0 to sensing slot #2 among the multiple slots. The device may determine whether to detect the Rx signal of another device in the slot prior to the transmission start slot (S2340).

[0192] The device can detect the Rx signal of another device in a slot prior to the transmission start slot. The device can determine that the previously selected transmission block is being used by another device. The device can re-select one of the remaining transmission blocks, excluding the previously selected transmission block, from among the multiple transmission blocks of the D2R shared access wireless resource (S2360). After re-selecting the transmission block, the device can repeat the step of selecting the transmission start slot described above (S2320).

[0193] Additionally, the device may not detect the Rx signal of another device in a slot prior to the transmission start slot. The device may transmit data to the reader via D2R transmission from the transmission start slot of the previously selected transmission block (S2350).

[0194] Meanwhile, among the multiple topologies of the AIoT network illustrated in FIG. 3, in a topology where a user terminal is used as an intermediate node, for example, a user terminal / IoT device topology (C), consideration may be required regarding the temporary out-of-connection state of the user terminal. The temporary out-of-connection state of the user terminal may refer to a state where no network connection exists between the base station and the user terminal due to certain reasons. For example, the user terminal may enter a temporary out-of-connection state with the base station when it experiences a radio link failure (RLF) with the base station or when performing a handover. Data transmission and reception between the base station and the user terminal may be interrupted due to the occurrence of the temporary out-of-connection state. Prior to the occurrence of the temporary out-of-connection state, the wireless resources allocated by the base station for AIoT services may not be available to the user terminal. Therefore, a method may be required to notify the device of the temporary out-of-connection state that has occurred between the base station and the user terminal in the AIoT network.

[0195] FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a temporary disconnection operation between a reader and a device in an AIoT network.

[0196] Referring to FIG. 25, the AIoT network may include a device, an intermediate node, a base station, and a core network. The intermediate node may be a user terminal and may operate as a leader in the AIoT network. The core network may include an AIoT controller for controlling services of the AIoT network.

[0197] A user terminal, that is, an intermediate node, can receive an AIoT service request from a core network through an inventory or command via a base station, for example, a serving base station (S2510). Based on the received service request, the intermediate node can transmit a paging message or an initial trigger message to the device for providing an AIoT service. The paging message can be used as a message to transmit configuration information described in FIG. 5 and may include resource configuration or scheduling information.

[0198] Before a message for providing AIoT services is transmitted from an intermediate node to a device, the intermediate node may receive a handover instruction from a base station based on the occurrence of a handover event (S2520). Based on the received handover instruction, the intermediate node may recognize the occurrence of a temporary disconnection state with the corresponding base station. Based on the occurrence of a temporary disconnection, the intermediate node may hold the transmission of a message for providing AIoT services to the device (S2530).

[0199] An intermediate node may recognize the occurrence of a temporary disconnection state with a base station based on the occurrence of a wireless link failure with the base station. The wireless link failure may be caused by at least one of out of synchronization between the intermediate node and the base station, timing advance timer expiration, or radio link control (RLC) retransmission. Based on the occurrence of a temporary disconnection, the intermediate node may hold the transmission of messages for providing AIoT services to the device.

[0200] FIG. 26 is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of a temporary disconnection operation between a reader and a device in an AIoT network.

[0201] Referring to FIG. 26, the AIoT network may include a device, a first intermediate node, a second intermediate node, a base station, and a core network. Each of the first intermediate node and the second intermediate node may be a user terminal and may operate as a leader in the AIoT network. The core network may include an AIoT controller for controlling services of the AIoT network.

[0202] The first intermediate node can receive an AIoT service request from the core network through an inventory or command via a base station, e.g., a serving base station (S2610). Based on the service request received from the base station, the first intermediate node can transmit a paging message or an initial trigger message to a device for providing an AIoT service (S2620).

[0203] After a message is transmitted from the first intermediate node to the device, the first intermediate node may receive a handover instruction from the base station based on the occurrence of a handover event (S2630). Based on the received handover instruction, the first intermediate node may recognize the occurrence of a temporary disconnection state with the corresponding base station. Based on the occurrence of the temporary disconnection state, the first intermediate node may transmit out-of-connection indication information to the device (S2640). The out-of-connection indication information may include information instructing the termination of the AIoT service between the first intermediate node and the device.

[0204] The device can hold a D2R transmission to the first intermediate node based on disconnection instruction information received from the first intermediate node (S2650). The first intermediate node can perform a handover procedure based on a handover instruction received from the base station (S2660).

[0205] As the first intermediate node is handed over from the base station, the base station may re-select a new intermediate node, for example, a second intermediate node, to provide AIoT services to the device in place of the first intermediate node (S2670). For example, the base station may receive capability information from the second intermediate node, and may select the second intermediate node by measuring the signal level between the base station and the second intermediate node based on the received capability information.

[0206] The base station can allocate wireless resources for AIoT services to a second intermediate node. For example, the base station can allocate wireless resources for AIoT services based on a service context obtained from the second intermediate node. Additionally, the base station can allocate wireless resources for AIoT services to the second intermediate node based on a request from a device.

[0207] The second intermediate node can transmit connection indication information to the device based on allocated wireless resources (S2680). The connection indication information may include information instructing the resumption of the AIoT service between the second intermediate node and the device.

[0208] According to an embodiment, the first intermediate node may recognize the occurrence of a temporary disconnection state with the base station based on the occurrence of a wireless link failure with the base station. Based on the occurrence of the temporary disconnection state, the first intermediate node may transmit disconnection instruction information to the device, including a suspension instruction for the AIoT service. The device may hold a D2R transmission to the first intermediate node based on the disconnection instruction information received from the first intermediate node. The first intermediate node may perform wireless link re-establishment with the base station. When the wireless link between the first intermediate node and the base station is restored, the first intermediate node may transmit connection instruction information to the device, including a resumption instruction for the AIoT service. Additionally, if the wireless link between the first intermediate node and the base station is not restored, the base station may select a second intermediate node capable of providing the AIoT service on behalf of the first intermediate node. The second intermediate node may transmit connection instruction information to the device, including a resumption instruction for the AIoT service, based on the wireless resources allocated from the base station for providing the AIoT service.

[0209] The operation of the method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can be implemented as a computer-readable program or code on a computer-readable recording medium. A computer-readable recording medium includes all types of recording devices in which information that can be read by a computer system is stored. Additionally, the computer-readable recording medium may be distributed across networked computer systems, and the computer-readable program or code may be stored and executed in a distributed manner.

[0210] In addition, computer-readable recording media may include hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, and flash memory. Program instructions may include machine code, such as that generated by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc.

[0211] Some aspects of the present disclosure have been described in the context of a device, but may also be described according to a corresponding method, wherein a block or device corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of a method may also be described according to a corresponding block or item or a feature of a corresponding device. Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) a hardware device, such as, for example, a microprocessor, a programmable computer, or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, at least one of the most important method steps may be performed by such a device.

[0212] In the embodiments, a programmable logic device (e.g., a field-programmable gate array) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In the embodiments, a field-programmable gate array may operate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. Generally, it is preferable that the methods be performed by some hardware device.

[0213] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the following claims.

Claims

1. By the device method, A step of receiving setting information for a first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission from a reader; A step of measuring the channel state of the first R2D transmission above; A step of performing an initial connection with the leader through an initial connection resource selected based on the measurement result of the channel status above; A step of receiving data from the reader based on R2D allocation scheduling information included in the above setting information; and A method comprising the step of transmitting data to the reader based on device-to-reader (D2R) acknowledgment scheduling information included in the above configuration information, Device method.

2. In Claim 1, The step of performing an initial connection with the above-mentioned leader is, A step of setting the size of the initial connection window based on the above measurement results; A step of selecting at least one of a plurality of time slots as the initial connection resource in an initial connection window of a set size; A step of transmitting an initial connection message to the reader using the initial connection resources mentioned above; A step of verifying an initial connection response resource based on the configuration information of a second R2D transmission received from the above reader as a response to the initial connection message; and When the initial connection response resource is identified, the method includes the step of decoding the information of the initial connection response resource to determine whether the transmission of the initial connection message is successful. Device method.

3. In Claim 2, The step of setting the size of the initial connection window above is, A step of comparing the above measurement result with a threshold value; and A method comprising the step of setting the size of the initial connection window for selecting a long initial connection wireless resource based on the measurement result being greater than the threshold value, and setting the size of the initial connection window for selecting a short initial connection wireless resource based on the measurement result being smaller than the threshold value. Device method.

4. In Claim 2, The step of verifying the initial connection response resource mentioned above is, A step of verifying the slot position of the initial connection response resource based on the initial connection response resource setting of the above setting information; and A step including verifying the initial connection response resource at the above slot location, Device method.

5. In Claim 2, The step of performing an initial connection with the above-mentioned leader is, Based on the determination that the transmission of the initial connection message has failed, the method includes the step of re-selecting a resource for retransmitting the initial connection message based on at least one of an exponential backoff method or a window reset method. Device method.

6. In Claim 1, The step of transmitting data to the above reader is, A step of verifying the D2R connection type of the device based on the above D2R approval scheduling information; Based on the fact that the above D2R connection type is confirmed to be dedicated access, a step of confirming the D2R approval type for the D2R dedicated access; and Based on the fact that the above D2R approval type is confirmed to be an autonomous-based approval, the method includes the step of transmitting data to the reader using resources set based on the above D2R approval scheduling information. Device method.

7. In Claim 6, The step of transmitting data to the above reader is, Based on the fact that the above D2R approval type is confirmed to be a request-based approval, a step of transmitting resource allocation request information to the reader; A step of receiving a second R2D transmission including D2R approval wireless resource configuration information from the above reader; and A step comprising transmitting data to the reader using the allocated resources based on the above D2R approval wireless resource configuration information, Device method.

8. In Claim 6, The step of verifying the above D2R approval form is, If the above D2R approval scheduling information includes at least one of a D2R approval frame number or D2R approval resource information, the step of confirming the D2R approval type as the above autonomous-based approval, Device method.

9. In Claim 6, The step of transmitting data to the above reader is, Based on the fact that the above D2R connection type is confirmed to be shared access, a step of selecting a first transmission block to transmit data to the reader from among a plurality of transmission blocks based on the above configuration information; A step of selecting one slot among a plurality of slots of the first transmission block to start data transmission as the transmission start slot; A step of determining whether an Rx signal of another device is detected in the slot preceding the transmission start slot among the plurality of slots; and Based on the fact that the Rx signal of the other device was not detected in the previous slot, the step of transmitting data from the transmission start slot to the reader is included. Device method.

10. In Claim 9, The step of transmitting data to the above reader is, Based on the detection of an Rx signal of the other device in the previous slot, the method comprises the step of re-selecting another transmission block among the plurality of transmission blocks, excluding the first transmission block. Device method.

11. To the device, It includes at least one processor, and the at least one processor is the device, Receives setting information for a first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission from the reader, and Measure the channel status of the above first R2D transmission, and Based on the measurement result of the above channel status, an initial connection is performed with the leader through the selected initial connection resource, and Based on the R2D allocation scheduling information included in the above setting information, data is received from the reader, and, Causing data to be transmitted to the reader based on device-to-reader (D2R) acknowledgment scheduling information included in the above configuration information, Device.

12. In Claim 11, To perform an initial connection with the above-mentioned reader, the above-mentioned at least one processor, the device, Based on the above measurement results, set the size of the initial connection window, and Select at least one of a plurality of time slots in an initial connection window of a set size as the initial connection resource, and Using the above initial connection resources, an initial connection message is transmitted to the above reader, and Based on the configuration information of the second R2D transmission received from the above reader as a response to the above initial connection message, the initial connection response resource is identified, and, When the above initial connection response resource is identified, the information of the above initial connection response resource is decoded to determine whether the transmission of the above initial connection message is successful, Device.

13. In Claim 12, To set the size of the initial connection window mentioned above, the at least one processor, the device, Compare the above measurement results with the threshold value, and, Causing to set the size of the initial connection window for selecting a long initial connection wireless resource based on the measurement result being greater than the threshold value, and to set the size of the initial connection window for selecting a short initial connection wireless resource based on the measurement result being smaller than the threshold value, Device.

14. In Claim 12, To verify the above initial connection response resource, the above at least one processor, the device, Based on the initial connection response resource setting of the above setting information, check the slot location of the above initial connection response resource, and, Causing to check the initial connection response resource at the above slot location, Device.

15. In Claim 12, To perform an initial connection with the above-mentioned reader, the above-mentioned at least one processor, the device, Based on the determination that the transmission of the initial connection message has failed, causing a resource to be re-selected for the retransmission of the initial connection message based on at least one of an exponential backoff method or a window reset method, Device.

16. In Claim 11, In order to transmit data to the above reader, the at least one processor, the device, Based on the above D2R approval scheduling information, check the D2R connection type of the device, and Based on the fact that the above D2R connection type has been confirmed as dedicated access, the D2R approval type for the D2R dedicated access is confirmed, and, Based on the fact that the above D2R approval type is confirmed to be an autonomous-based approval, causing data to be transmitted to the reader using resources set based on the above D2R approval scheduling information, Device.

17. In Claim 16, In order to transmit data to the above reader, the at least one processor, the device, Based on the fact that the above D2R approval type is confirmed to be request-based approval, resource allocation request information is transmitted to the above reader, and Receive a second R2D transmission containing D2R approval wireless resource configuration information from the above reader, and, Causing to transmit data to the reader using allocated resources based on the above D2R approval wireless resource configuration information, Device.

18. In Claim 16, To verify the above D2R approval form, the above at least one processor, the device, If the above D2R approval scheduling information includes at least one of a D2R approval frame number or D2R approval resource information, causing the above D2R approval type to be identified as the above autonomous-based approval, Device.

19. In Claim 16, In order to transmit data to the above reader, the at least one processor, the device, Based on the fact that the above D2R connection type is confirmed to be shared access, a first transmission block to transmit data to the reader is selected from among a plurality of transmission blocks based on the above configuration information, and Among the plurality of slots of the first transmission block, one slot to start data transmission is selected as the transmission start slot, and Determining whether an Rx signal of another device is detected in the slot preceding the transmission start slot among the plurality of slots above, and, Causing to transmit data to the reader from the transmission start slot based on the fact that the Rx signal of the other device was not detected in the previous slot, Device.

20. In Claim 19, In order to transmit data to the above reader, the at least one processor, the device, Based on the detection of the Rx signal of the other device in the previous slot, causing to re-select another transmission block among the plurality of transmission blocks, excluding the first transmission block, Device.

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