Method and device for performing communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

A method for performing wireless communication and a device supporting same are provided. The method may comprise the steps of: establishing, by a first device, a sensing session with a second device; establishing, by the first device, a sensing sub-session related to the sensing session with the second device on the basis of quality of service (QoS); and receiving, by the first device, a message from the second device on the basis of the sensing sub-session.

Description

Method and apparatus for performing communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully autonomous driving Fully XR Fully haptic communication Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include the step of a first device establishing a sensing session with a second device; the step of the first device establishing a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the second device based on quality of service (QoS); and the step of the first device receiving a message from the second device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to establish a sensing session with a second device; to establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the second device based on quality of service (QoS); and to receive a message from the second device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a first device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to establish a sensing session with a second device; to establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the second device based on quality of service (QoS); and to receive a message from the second device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions may cause a first device to: establish a sensing session with a second device; establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the second device based on quality of service (QoS); and receive a message from the second device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include the step of a second device establishing a sensing session with a first device; the step of the second device establishing a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the first device based on quality of service (QoS); and the step of the second device transmitting a message to the first device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to establish a sensing session with the first device; to establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the first device based on quality of service (QoS); and to transmit a message to the first device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a second device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to establish a sensing session with a first device; to establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the first device based on quality of service (QoS); and to transmit a message to the first device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions may cause a second device to: establish a sensing session with a first device; establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the first device based on quality of service (QoS); and transmit a message to the first device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 8 shows an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 9 shows the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 10 shows an example of a protocol layer used to support the transmission of an LPP (LTE positioning protocol) message between a LMF (location management function) and a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 11 shows an example of an ISAC service according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 12 illustrates various integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a digital twin-based collaborative robot service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 14 shows an example of a sensing session for a digital twin-based collaborative robot service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the linkage between a DT command and a sensing session for a digital twin-based collaborative robot service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a sensing session for a digital twin-based collaborative robot service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a sensing session for a digital twin-based collaborative robot service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 18 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 19 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 20 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 21 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 22 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 23 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 24 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0038] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0039] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0040] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0041] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0042] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0043] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0044] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0045] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from a base station or network (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from another device (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), control information signaled between devices, etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0046] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0047] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0048] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0049] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0051] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0052] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0053] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0054] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0055] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0056] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0057] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0058] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0059] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0060] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0061] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0062] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0063] For example, if an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state, and if not, it may be in the RRC_IDLE state. For example, in the case of NR, an additional RRC_INACTIVE state is defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state maintains a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0064] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0065] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0067] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0068] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) exemplifies.

[0069] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slotNormal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0070] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0071] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0072] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0074] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0075] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0076] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0078] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0079] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0080] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, large-scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0081] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0082] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0083] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0084] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0085] - Optical wireless technology

[0086] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0087] - Quantum communication

[0088] - Cell-free communication

[0089] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0090] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0091] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0092] - Big data analysis

[0093] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0094] - Metaverse

[0095] - blockchain

[0096] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0097] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0098] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0099] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0100] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0101] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0102] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, HIBS (high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS)), and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM). For example, to improve coverage, devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0103] For example, a terminal can obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing capabilities do not require connecting to an object via a device within the network, they can provide services for object location determination without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Radio sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, radio sensing may use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, e.g., sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks into wireless communication and sensing networks.

[0104] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, FIG. 8 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 8 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0105] Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing signal may be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal. For example, a sensing receiver may receive a signal that is scattered or reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects) from the sensing signal transmitted by the sensing transmitter. For example, at the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered or reflected signal, and a sensing result may be generated or obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing results generated / acquired in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking of objects and / or environments, etc.) or provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0106] For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing transmitter may be located at the same base station or terminal as the sensing receiver or at a different base station or terminal. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing receiver may be located at the same base station or terminal as the sensing transmitter or at a different base station or terminal. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving the characteristics of an object within the environment from the sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than that of a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be a sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver coexist at the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing where the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located at different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing where there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and / or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is below or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is above or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing.For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0107] For example, the common framework of the ISAC channel model can be composed of components of the target channel and components of the background channel. For example, this can be obtained based on Equation 1.

[0108]

[0109] Here, for example, target channel H target It may include all [multipath] components affected by the sensing target. For example, background channel H Background It may include other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0110] For example, radar cross-section (RCS) may be a measure of how well a radar sensor can detect a target. Therefore, it can often be referred to as an electromagnetic characteristic of the target. For example, a larger RCS may indicate that the target can be detected more easily. For example, in radar sensor measurements, power may be transmitted toward the target, and the target may reflect some of the power back to the receiver. For example, received power may be based on the target's RCS, among other factors. For example, received power may be proportional to the RCS. For example, the target's RCS may be based on at least one of the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, the target movement, and / or the target illumination.

[0111] FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0112] Referring to Fig. 9, the RCS of a radar target may be a virtual area required to intercept the power density transmitted from the target. For example, the relevant radar equation can be defined as Equation 2.

[0113]

[0114] Here, for example, P TX can be transmitter power [W], and G TXε₀ can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the EUT (equipment under test) and the target [m], and RCS is the radar cross-section [m² 2 ] could be, and P RX can be the power [W] that the EUTT receives back from the object, and A eff is the effective area of ​​the receiving antenna [m 2 ] can be. For example, A eff It can be obtained based on mathematical formula 3.

[0115]

[0116] Here, for example, G RX λ can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ = c / f, c can be the speed of light 299792458 [m / s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

[0117] For example, if a transmitter and a receiver are placed together and the same antenna is used for transmission and reception (G TX = G RX = G), the related radar mathematical formula can be defined as Equation 4.

[0118]

[0119] Here, for example, P TX ε₀ can be transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the EUT (equipment under test) and the target [m], and RCS is the radar cross-section [m² 2 ] could be, and P RX ≠ Power [W] received back from the object by the EUT.

[0120] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support the transmission of LTE positioning protocol (LPP) messages between a location management function (LMF) and a UE, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0121] LPP PDUs can be transmitted via NAS (non-access stratum) PDUs between the AMF (access and mobility management function) and the UE. Referring to FIG. 10, LPP can terminate between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SET (SUPL (secure user plane location) enabled terminal)) in the user plane and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or an SLP (SUPL (secure user plane location) location platform)) in the user plane. LPP messages can be transmitted in the form of transparent PDUs through intermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols, such as NGAP (NG application protocol) through the NG-C (NG-control plane) interface, and NAS / RRC through LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. The LPP protocol enables positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

[0122] For example, the target device and the location server can exchange capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information through the LPP protocol. For example, error information exchange and / or instructions to stop the LPP procedure can be performed through LPP messages.

[0123] In the following description, various names are exemplary and may be considered to perform the same or similar functions (regardless of their names) based on the content described in each step.

[0124] In the present disclosure, the following terms may be used.

[0125] - LMF: Location management function

[0126] - UE-triggered SL positioning: SL (sidelink) positioning where the procedure is triggered by the UE

[0127] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning where the procedure is triggered by base station / LMF

[0128] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the UE

[0129] - SL positioning controlled by a base station: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the base station

[0130] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the UE

[0131] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the base station / LMF

[0132] - SL Positioning Group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0133] - T-UE(Target UE): UE whose position is calculated

[0134] - S-UE (Server UE): A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0135] - Anchor UE: A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0136] - MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed

[0137] - MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed way

[0138] - SL PRS: Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal

[0139] - CCH: control channel

[0140] - IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by the TX UE from other UEs, including the RX UE, which contains information about the set of preferred resources suitable for the TX UE to transmit to the RX UE, and / or information about the set of non-preferred resources not suitable for transmission.

[0141] - UE-based: The way a UE calculates its own location is described as "UE-based".

[0142] - TP (Transmission point): A set of transmission antennas (e.g., an antenna array having one or more antenna elements) placed at geographically identical locations for a cell, a part of a cell, or a DL PRS-only TP. Transmission points may include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, remote radio heads, remote antennas of base stations, antennas of DL PRS-only TPs, etc. A cell may include one or more transmission points. In the case of homogeneous placement, each transmission point may correspond to one cell.

[0143] - RP (Reception point): A set of receiving antennas (e.g., antenna arrays having one or more antenna elements) placed at geographically identical locations for a cell, a part of a cell, or a UL SRS (sounding reference signal)-only RP. Reception points may include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, remote radio heads, remote antennas of base stations, antennas of UL SRS-only RPs, etc. A cell may include one or more reception points. In the case of homogeneous placement, each reception point may correspond to one cell.

[0144] - PRS-only TP: A TP that transmits only PRS signals for PRS-based TBS (terrestrial beacon system) positioning and is not connected to a cell.

[0145] - TRP (transmission-reception point): A set of antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) placed at the same geographical location that supports TP and / or RP functions.

[0146] - SRS-only RP: An RP that receives only SRS signals for UL-only positioning and is not associated with a cell

[0147] In the present disclosure, the TRP and the base station may be replaced with the same entity.

[0148] For example, an SL PRS transmission resource may be composed of an SL PRS resource set consisting of the following information.

[0149] - SL PRS resource set ID

[0150] - SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set

[0151] - SL PRS Resource Type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand

[0152] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0153] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0154] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Can be set to SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, SL CSI RS, etc.

[0155] For example, the above SL PRS resource set may be composed of SL PRS resources consisting of the following information.

[0156] - SL PRS Resource ID

[0157] - SL PRS Comb Size: The interval between REs transmitted within a symbol for SL PRS.

[0158] - SL PRS Comb Offset: The RE index where the SL PRS within the first SL PRS symbol is first transmitted.

[0159] - SL PRS Comb Cyclic Shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the SL PRS

[0160] - SL PRS start position: Index of the first symbol transmitting the SL PRS within a single slot

[0161] - Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols constituting the SL PRS within a single slot

[0162] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) in the frequency domain where the SL PRS is transmitted

[0163] - SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

[0164] - SL PRS Resource Type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand

[0165] - SL PRS Periodicity: The period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, physical, or the unit of a logical slot in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted.

[0166] - SL PRS Offset: An offset in the time domain from the reference timing to the start of the first SL PRS resource, in units of physical or logical slots within the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of the RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0167] - SL PRS Sequence ID

[0168] - SL PRS spatial relation: Can be set to SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, SL CSI RS, etc.

[0169] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource locations, etc.

[0170] Conventionally, NR positioning up to Release 17 only supported network-based Uu positioning, which performed location search based on a connection between the target UE and the network (gNB / LMF). Meanwhile, starting with NR Release 18, sidelink positioning (SL positioning) using sidelink communication can be supported. Sidelink positioning is a new method that allows positioning operations to be performed by exchanging positioning reference signals through direct connections with anchor UEs surrounding the target UE, rather than with base stations. Positioning operations at the physical layer can be performed by determining the location through the transmission and measurement of the SL PRS (sidelink positioning reference signal) between the target UE and the anchor UE.

[0171] Uu positioning may use the LPP protocol. An LPP session can be a point-to-point communication protocol between a target UE and an LMF. Through the LPP protocol, the target UE can receive information necessary for positioning from the LMF. The LMF can establish the target UE and the base station (gNB) respectively, exchange positioning-related messages, and perform positioning operations through the LPP protocol and the NRPPa protocol. Meanwhile, in Release 18's sidelink positioning, positioning operations can be performed by exchanging sidelink positioning protocol messages with the target UE, server UE (or LMF), and anchor UE. In sidelink positioning, the sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) can be used for establishing and exchanging messages between UEs.

[0172] Positioning methods (e.g., sidelink positioning) have the disadvantage that the target must possess a communication terminal and that signaling messages for location measurement must be exchanged between the transmitter and the target. This leads to increased overhead for signal processing between the target and the transmitter, and presents a fundamental limitation in that positioning itself is impossible if the target does not possess a separate communication terminal.

[0173] In contrast, the Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) method can accurately detect the presence and movement of a target regardless of whether the target is carrying a communication terminal, and furthermore, can reliably acquire detailed sensing information such as the target's distance, speed, and angle. The ISAC method can estimate the characteristics of a target simply by analyzing the information reflected from the target after the signal radiated by the transmitter, without requiring a separate response signal or message from the target. Accordingly, ISAC has the advantage of significantly reducing the amount of signaling compared to positioning methods, thereby drastically lowering overhead, and simultaneously supporting more efficient and flexible sensing and communication operations.

[0174] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an ISAC service according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0175] Referring to FIG. 11, examples of various application fields to which ISAC can be applied are illustrated. Specifically, ISAC can support predictive maintenance and employee localization and authorization in the fields of smart manufacturing and industrial IoT, and can provide weather prediction, pollution monitoring, rain monitoring, and insect monitoring in the field of environmental monitoring.

[0176] In addition, in the field of Sensing as a Service, it can be utilized for drone monitoring and management, mobile crowd sensing, channel knowledge map construction, and cooperative localization and imaging.

[0177] Furthermore, in the field of remote sensing, it can support satellite imaging and broadcasting and drone swarm SAR imaging, and in the field of smart home, it can be utilized for human proximity detection, spatial-aware control, sensing-aided wireless charging, fall detection, vital signal monitoring, etc.

[0178] In addition, in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI), it enables gesture recognition, keystroke recognition, and arm / head activity recognition, and in the field of vehicle-to-everything communication (V2X), it enables the provision of various services such as high precision location, vehicle platooning, extended sensor, simultaneous localization and mapping, and secure hand-free access.

[0179] Recently, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) technology, which integrates target sensing and user communication functions in 6th generation (6G) mobile communication systems, is attracting attention as a key standardization target. Based on advantages such as efficient frequency usage, reuse of existing communication infrastructure, and cost savings from integrated sensing and communication sensors, ISAC technology is emerging as an essential technology in various industries such as autonomous driving, smart factories, unmanned aerial vehicles, and healthcare, as shown in Fig. 11.

[0180] FIG. 12 illustrates various integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 12(a) illustrates an example of a network-based monostatic ISAC system, FIG. 12(b) illustrates an example of a network-based bistatic ISAC system, and FIG. 12(c) illustrates an example of a network-UE-based bistatic ISAC system (①) and a network-coordinated UE bistatic ISAC system (①+②). Additionally, FIG. 12(d) illustrates an example of a terminal-based (UE-based) monostatic ISAC system, FIG. 12(e) illustrates an example of a terminal-network (UE-network) bistatic ISAC system, and FIG. 12(f) illustrates an example of a terminal-based (UE-based) bistatic ISAC system. For example, the network may be a TRP. For example, the network may be a base station. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0181] Referring to FIG. 12, various ISAC systems may be considered in the present disclosure to include various ISAC service embodiments. For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a base station may be represented as a BS. For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal may be represented as a UE. For example, a transmitter may transmit a signal for sensing, and a receiver may perform sensing based on a signal reflected from an object. FIG. 12(a) may represent a network-based monostatic ISAC system. In such a system, the BS may estimate the distance and velocity of multiple targets by transmitting an ISAC signal to them and receiving the reflected signal. Here, the target may be a UE. FIG. 12(b) may represent a network-based bistatic ISAC system. In such a system, two BSs may cooperate to estimate the distance and velocity of the same multiple targets. BS 1 may be the transmitter and BS 2 may be the receiver. BS 2 can receive signals reflected by targets from the ISAC signal transmitted by BS 1. Subsequently, BS 2 can estimate the distance and velocity of the targets. Unlike monostatic systems, bistatic ISAC systems may not have information regarding the transmitted signal. Therefore, bistatic ISAC systems can obtain a target radar information matrix through pilot signals that the transmitting and receiving ends already know of each other. Figure 12 (c) may be a network-UE-based bistatic ISAC system. In such a system, the BS can transmit the ISAC signal. At this time, the BS can use beamforming techniques to direct most of the reflected signal toward the UE or have some of it return to the BS.In the former case, the UE can perform target distance and velocity estimation by receiving most of the signals transmitted by the BS. While the UE can quickly obtain information regarding the necessary targets, computational complexity may be high as the UE performs the entire process. On the other hand, in the latter case, the BS first estimates the target distance and velocity in the same manner as a mono-static ISAC system and can inform the UE of a suitable target estimation technique based on the estimation results. Through this, the UE can immediately perform target estimation using the technique provided by the BS, resulting in lower complexity.

[0182] Figure 12 (d) may be a terminal-based (UE-based) monostatic ISAC system. The system can directly estimate the target distance and velocity from the UE. Figure 12 (e) may be a terminal-network (UE-network) bistatic ISAC system. The BS can estimate the distance and velocity of multiple targets by receiving the signal reflected from the target after the ISAC signal transmitted by the UE. Figure 12 (f) may be a terminal-based (UE-based) bistatic ISAC system. In this system, the distance and velocity of targets can be estimated through bistatic between different UEs.

[0183] For example, in the present disclosure, "specific threshold" may mean a threshold that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "specific set value" may mean a value that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "set by the network / base station" may mean an action in which a base station sets to a UE (pre-) through upper layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to a UE through MAC CE, or signals to a UE through DCI.

[0184] For example, in the present disclosure, a message may be interpreted as being replaced by at least one of a control message, a data message, a signal, a data signal, and / or a control signal.

[0185] For example, referring to standard documents, some procedures and technical specifications related to the present disclosure may be as follows.

[0186] In the following description, various names are exemplary and may be considered to perform the same or similar functions (regardless of their names) based on the content described in each step.

[0187] For example, in this disclosure, various names are exemplary and may be replaced or considered as other names performing the same or similar functions based on the content described in each step (regardless of the name).

[0188] For example, in the relevant technology, the operation procedure of a positioning protocol (LTE positioning protoLPP) session may be specified in the 3GPP standard document TS 37.355. For example, according to TS 37.355, one LPP session may be created based on one location service request. For example, if there are multiple location service requests, multiple LPP sessions may be created.

[0189] For example, a single LPP session may consist of a single or multiple transactions, each transaction may represent a single operation. Here, for example, the operation may be at least one of capability exchange, assistance data transfer, or location information transfer.

[0190] For example, LPP (LTE positioning protocol) sessions and transactions can be proposed.

[0191] For example, an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) session may be used to obtain location-related measurements or location estimates, or to transmit assistance data, between a location server and a target device. For example, a single LPP session may be used to support a single location request (e.g., MT-LR (mobile terminated-location request), MO-LR (mobile originated-location request), or NI-LR (network initiated-location request)). For example, multiple LPP sessions may be used simultaneously to support different location requests even between the same endpoints (see TS 23.271). For example, each LPP session may include one or more LPP transactions, and each transaction may perform one operation. For example, said operation may include one of capability exchange, assistance data transfer, or location information transfer. For example, in E-UTRAN and NG-RAN environments, LPP transactions can be realized as LPP procedures. For example, the initiator of an LPP session can always initiate the first LPP transaction, but subsequent transactions can be initiated by either side (server or terminal). For example, LPP transactions within a session can be executed serially or in parallel.For example, LPP transactions can be represented by a transaction ID at the LPP protocol level, which allows messages to be associated with each other (e.g., requests and responses).

[0192] For example, in the relevant technology, the operation procedure of a Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP) session may be specified in the 3GPP standard document TS 38.355. For example, according to TS 38.355, one SLPP session may be created for one location service request. For example, if there are multiple location service requests, multiple SLPP sessions may be created.

[0193] For example, a single SLPP session may consist of a single or multiple transactions, each transaction may represent a single operation. Here, for example, the operation may be a capability exchange, an assistance data transfer, or a location information transfer.

[0194] For example, LPP (LTE positioning protocol) sessions and transactions can be proposed.

[0195] For example, an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) session may be used to obtain location-related measurements or location estimates, or to transmit assistance data, between a location server and a target device. For example, a single LPP session may be used to support a single location request (e.g., MT-LR (mobile terminated-location request), MO-LR (mobile originated-location request), or NI-LR (network initiated-location request)). For example, multiple LPP sessions may be used simultaneously to support different location requests even between the same endpoints (see TS 23.271). For example, each LPP session may include one or more LPP transactions, and each transaction may perform one operation. For example, said operation may include one of capability exchange, assistance data transfer, or location information transfer. For example, in E-UTRAN and NG-RAN environments, LPP transactions can be realized as LPP procedures. For example, the initiator of an LPP session can always initiate the first LPP transaction, but subsequent transactions can be initiated by either side (server or terminal). For example, LPP transactions within a session can be executed serially or in parallel.For example, LPP transactions can be represented by a transaction ID at the LPP protocol level, which allows messages to be associated with each other (e.g., requests and responses).

[0196] For example, in the case of positioning in related technologies, a positioning service may aim to determine the location of a target UE. For example, however, when determining the location of the target UE (e.g., each positioning service), it includes required Quality of Service (QoS) values. For example, location accuracy and response time may be applicable. For example, therefore, a positioning session may determine a positioning method (e.g., DL-TDoA, Multi-RTT, etc.), a location information type (e.g., absolute location, relative location, ranging, etc.), and a positioning mode (e.g., UE-based, UE-assisted, etc.) to satisfy the QoS of the relevant positioning service.

[0197] For example, an ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) session can be created based on a sensing service request. For instance, when a single sensing service request occurs, a single sensing session can be created to perform that request.

[0198] For example, however, unlike the single purpose of positioning to determine the location of a target UE, sensing services can be used for various purposes. Specifically, a single sensing service may include various purposes and tasks, and each task may have a different QoS.

[0199] For example, multiple robots can perform multiple tasks by linking with a digital twin (DT).

[0200] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a digital twin-based collaborative robot service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. FIG. 13 may be an example of a service in which, for example, two BSs and three UEs (robots) work together to perform a collaborative task.

[0201] Referring to FIG. 13, for example, the requested service may be to lift a steel bar and fix it to a wall. For example, to do this, CN may receive a request for a sensing service from a DT client / server. For example, BS may locate the position of the steel bar and the wall to be fixed. For example, BS or UEs may identify the position of the UE and move the appropriate UEs to the required work location, and then UE 1 and / or UE 2 may lift the large steel bar from the floor and position it against the wall, and UE 3 may perform the action of joining the wall and the steel bar using screws through the holes in the steel bar.

[0202] Here, for example, the necessary sensing operations and qualities can be required for the BS and each UE. For example, different sensing qualities can be required for each operation. For example, all tasks can also be performed sequentially to satisfy a single sensing service.

[0203] For example, for such a sensing service, a single sensing session may require multiple sensing tasks, and each task may require a different sensing quality. However, since current positioning sessions can only configure different qualities for a single task, they may not be efficient when performing multiple sensing tasks.

[0204] Existing LPP / SLPP-based positioning sessions allow for the configuration of only a single QoS for providing location information for a single purpose, and may not be able to flexibly handle sensing services involving multiple tasks. In particular, for cases such as collaborative robots that require different sensing accuracy and operation sequences for each task, efficient support may be difficult with the existing session structure.

[0205] For example, in the present disclosure, the configuration and operation method of a sensing session for supporting federated sensing tasks may be proposed.

[0206] For example, a single sensing session can be created for a single sensing service. For instance, if multiple sensing tasks are required under a single sensing session and each sensing task requires different sensing operations and QoS, sensing sub-sessions can be created based on sensing characteristics.

[0207] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a sensing session for a digital twin-based collaborative robot service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted. For example, FIG. 14 may be an example of a sensing session procedure supporting the collaborative robot service of FIG. 13.

[0208] Here, for example, a sensing session ID (tentatively named sensingSessionID) may be assigned to a generated sensing session to distinguish it from other sensing sessions. For example, a sensing sub-session ID (tentatively named sensingSubSessionID) may also be assigned to distinguish each sensing sub-session.

[0209] For example, an LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message can be proposed.

[0210] For example, each LPP transaction may include one or more LPP message exchanges between a Location Server and a target device. For example, the general format of an LPP message may consist of a series of common fields followed by a message body. For example, the message body (which may be empty) may contain information specific to a particular message type. For example, each message type may contain information specific to one or more positioning methods and / or information common to all positioning methods.

[0211] For example, common fields may be as shown in Table 3.

[0212] FieldRolesensingSessionIDIdentify messages belonging to the same sensing sessionsensingSubSessionIDIdentify messages belonging to the same sensing sub-sessiontransactionIDIdentify messages belonging to the same transactionendTransactionIndicate when a transaction (eg one with periodic responses) has endedsequenceNumberEnable detection of a duplicate SLPP message at a receiverknowledgementEnable an acknowledgment to be requested and / or returned for any SLPP message

[0213] For example, an assigned sensing sub-session ID (sensingSubSessionID) can be associated with a sensing session ID (sensingSessionID). For example, a sensing sub-session can operate under an associated sensing session, and if the sensing session is terminated or stopped, the associated sensing sub-sessions may be terminated or stopped.

[0214] For example, a sensing sub-session created for each sensing task can be established between a sensing server and a specific sensing node (UE or BS). For example, through the established sensing sub-session, a specific sensing node can set the sensing QoS corresponding to the task to be performed.

[0215] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the linkage between a DT command and a sensing session for a digital twin-based collaborative robot service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0216] Referring to FIG. 15, for example, the BS can locate the position of the steel bar and the wall to be fixed. For example, the BS or UEs can determine the position of the UE and move the appropriate UEs to the required work site, and then UE 1 and / or UE 2 can lift the large steel bar from the floor and position it against the wall, and UE 3 can perform the action of joining the wall and the steel bar using screws through the holes in the steel bar. For example, thus, BS 1 and / or UE 2, UE 1 and / or UE 2, and UE 3 can have different tasks and different QoS values. For example, if the task of moving the UEs to a specific location requires centimeter-level accuracy, conversely, the task of lifting the steel bar to align the screw holes (UE 1 and / or UE 2) or joining the screws (UE 3) to fix the steel bar to the wall may require very fine accuracy. For example, such different accuracy levels can be set in separate sensing sub-sessions. Here, for example, the task of each robot (UE) can be in the form of a specific message (e.g., a DT command). For example, MOVE TO to move to a specific position and direction. <location> <position>, LIFT TO to lift a steel bar to a specific height <hole>There may be commands such as PUSH BOLT, which aligns and tightens specific screw holes. For example, each command may be associated with a corresponding sensing sub-session, and the command may be executed according to the QoS of the associated sensing sub-session.

[0217] For example, the sensing server can notify session operations such as the start, stop, or completion of a created sensing sub-session. For instance, the start of a sensing sub-session operation can be explicitly indicated through a (tentative) sensing sub-session start message.

[0218] For example, additionally, if each sensing task requires sequential execution (especially if the task can be performed autonomously by the sensing node (UE or BS)), the session operation time and signaling overhead can be reduced by setting the order and / or conditions of session operations such as start / stop / completion of each sensing sub-session.

[0219] For example, in FIG. 14, UE 1 and / or UE 2 and / or UE 3 can move to a specific position and direction via sensingSubSessionID 2, and then, via sensingSubSessionID 3, UE 1 and / or UE 2 can lift a steel bar off the wall, and then, UE 3 can perform the action of joining a screw. For example, thus, the start of sensingSubSessionID 3 can be initiated after the completion of sensingSubSessionID 2. For example, at the time when the sensing sub-session action is completed, the robot's DT action command can be initiated and another sensing sub-session can be initiated.

[0220] For example, similarly, when a DT operation command is executed by the robot (UE), the associated sensing sub-session can be operated (started / stopped / completed). For example, when a PUSH BOLT command is executed by UE 3, sensingSubSessionID 3 can be automatically started.

[0221] For example, the operation (start / stop / completion) of a sensing sub-session may not be separately defined; however, the robot may use the sensing setting values ​​required for the sensing operation (sensing mode, sensing QoS, etc.) when operating according to the command.

[0222] For example, when the robot (UE 1 and / or UE 2 and / or UE 3) completes all tasks / commands, the BS and UEs can confirm through sensing that all tasks are completed and complete the final sensing session.

[0223] Through the present disclosure, multiple sensing operations can be effectively performed in a single sensing service. Although the present disclosure uses a digital twin-based federated robot service as an example, it can be utilized in cases where multiple different sensing tasks are required in a single sensing service / session (e.g., when the requirements and sensing QoS for multiple sensing operations are different).

[0224] For example, through the present disclosure, simultaneous / parallel processing of multiple sensing tasks can be supported. For example, through the present disclosure, complex sensing services requiring various purposes and QoS can be flexibly processed.

[0225] For example, through the present disclosure, efficient allocation of sensing resources and minimization of signaling can be achieved. For example, through the present disclosure, signaling overhead can be reduced and energy efficiency can be increased by separating sensing QoS into each sensing task unit and clearly defining start / end conditions to utilize resources only when necessary.

[0226] For example, through the present disclosure, a natural linkage with a digital twin-based complex control structure can be achieved. For example, through the present disclosure, the sensing operation of a robot or UE can be precisely controlled through the linkage between DT commands and sensing sub-sessions, and autonomy and accuracy can be improved.

[0227] For example, in FIG. 14, sensing sub-sessions can be established for distinct sensing operations / QoS. For example, sensing sub-sessions can be established between a sensing server and sensing nodes.

[0228] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a sensing session for a digital twin-based collaborative robot service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0229] Referring to FIG. 16, for example, sensing sub-sessions can be established between a sensing server and sensing nodes. For example, when establishing sensing sub-sessions per sensing node, if one sensing node requires multiple different sensing operations / QoS, multiple sensing sub-sessions can be established with one node.

[0230] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a sensing session for a digital twin-based collaborative robot service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0231] Referring to Fig. 17, for example, one sensing sub-session can be configured, and multiple QoS can be defined within one sensing sub-session.

[0232] In the present disclosure, the sensing server may exist on the CN (core network). For example, however, it may exist not only on the CN but also on the UE and / or BS. For example, this may vary depending on the implementation of the sensing server and the structure of the sensing network.

[0233] The term SMF used in this disclosure is not limited to that term. For example, the term SMF may be replaced with the term SF.

[0234] The term "core network" as used in this disclosure is not limited to that term. For example, the term "core network" may be replaced with the term "SF".

[0235] For the sake of brevity, this disclosure describes a scenario based on an SMF and a single UE / BS. However, an SMF can perform sensing operations in conjunction with one or more UE / BSs, and the contents of this disclosure can be applied in the same or similar manner even when performing sensing operations in conjunction with multiple UE / BSs.

[0236] The methods proposed in this disclosure can be applied to both 3GPP sensing data and non-3GPP sensing data.

[0237] For example, in the present disclosure, sensing data may be data derived by a sensing radio measurement entity based on radio signals (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) affected by an object or environment of interest for the purpose of sensing. For example, this data may be raw measurements and may optionally be further processed within the sensing radio measurement entity. For example, the sensing data may include at least one of 3GPP sensing data or non-3GPP sensing data.

[0238] For example, in the present disclosure, 3GPP sensing data is data obtained from 3GPP radio signals that have been affected (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) by an object or environment of interest for the purpose of sensing, and may optionally be processed within a 5G system.

[0239] For example, in the present disclosure, non-3GPP sensing data may be data provided by a non-3GPP sensor (e.g., video, LiDAR, sonar) regarding an object or environment of interest for the purpose of sensing.

[0240] For example, in the present disclosure, 5G / 6G radio sensing may be a 5GS / 6GS function that provides a function to acquire information about the characteristics of an environment and / or objects within the environment (e.g., shape, size, orientation, speed, location, distance, relative movement between objects, etc.) using NR radio frequency signals, and may, in some cases, be extended by information generated through a previously defined function in the EPC and / or E-UTRAN.

[0241] For example, in the present disclosure, sensing auxiliary information may be information provided to a 5G system from a trusted third party and may be used to support the derivation of sensing results. This information may not include 3GPP sensing data. For example, examples of sensing auxiliary information may include map information, location information, a UE identifier (ID) attached to or located near a sensing target, UE location information, UE velocity information, etc.

[0242] For example, in the present disclosure, sensing context information may be information that a 5G / 6G system exposes to a trusted third party along with the sensing results, and may provide context regarding the conditions under which the sensing results were derived. This information may not include 3GPP sensing data. For example, examples of sensing context information may include map information, location information, time of capture, UE location, and ID. This context information may be required in scenarios where the sensing results need to be combined with data from other sources outside of 5GS.

[0243] For example, in the present disclosure, a sensing group may be a set of sensing transmitters and sensing receivers whose locations are known and capable of synchronously collecting sensing data.

[0244] For example, in the present disclosure, a sensing receiver may be an entity that receives a sensing signal used by a sensing service in operation. The sensing receiver may be a RAN node or part of a UE. The sensing receiver may be located in the same entity as the sensing transmitter or in a different entity.

[0245] For example, in the present disclosure, the sensing result may be processed 3GPP sensing data requested by a service consumer.

[0246] For example, in the present disclosure, a sensing signal may be a transmission signal on a 3GPP radio interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, this definition may refer to NR radio frequency signals and, in some cases, may be extended to information generated from existing functions of the EPC and / or E-UTRAN.

[0247] For example, a sensing transmitter may be an entity that transmits a sensing signal used by a sensing service in an operation. A sensing transmitter may be part of a RAN node or a UE. A sensing transmitter may be located in the same entity as a sensing receiver or in a different entity.

[0248] For example, the target sensing service area may be an orthogonal coordinate location area that satisfies a specific sensing service quality and is to be sensed by deriving the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment from 3GPP radio signals that have been affected (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted). This may include both indoor and outdoor environments.

[0249] For example, the present disclosure may be applied to base stations (e.g., TRP) and / or terminal monostatics. For example, the present disclosure may also be applied to base station-base station (e.g., TRP-TRP), base station-UE (e.g., TRP-UE), UE-base station (e.g., UE-TRP), and / or UE-UE bistatics.

[0250] For example, in the present disclosure, "specific threshold" may mean a threshold that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "specific set value" may mean a value that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "set by the network / base station" may mean an action in which a base station sets to a UE (pre-) through upper layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to a UE through MAC CE, or signals to a UE through DCI.

[0251] For example, in the present disclosure, a message may be interpreted as being replaced by at least one of a control message, a data message, a signal, a data signal, and / or a control signal. For example, in the present disclosure, various names are exemplary and may be replaced by or considered as performing the same or similar function based on the content described in each step (regardless of the name).

[0252] For example, the applicability of (some) proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be set specifically to the resource pool (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of (some) proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be set specifically to the congestion level (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of (some) proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be set specifically to the service priority (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of (some) proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be set specifically to the service type (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of (some) proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be set specifically to QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability) (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of (some) proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to PQI (5QI (5G QoS identifier) ​​for PC5). For example, the applicability of (some) proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to traffic types (e.g., periodic generation or non-periodic generation). For example, the applicability of (some) proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to SL transmission resource allocation modes (e.g., Mode 1 or Mode 2).For example, whether the (some) proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure apply and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be specifically (or differently or independently) set to a Tx profile (e.g., a Tx profile indicating that the service supports sidelink DRX operation or a Tx profile indicating that the service does not support sidelink DRX operation).

[0253] For example, the applicability of the proposed rules of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be specifically (or differently or independently) set depending on whether PUCCH setting is supported (e.g., when a PUCCH resource is set or when a PUCCH resource is not set). For example, the applicability of the proposed rules of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be specifically (or differently or independently) set for a resource pool (e.g., a resource pool where PSFCH is set or a resource pool where PSFCH is not set). For example, the applicability of the proposed rules of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be specifically (or differently or independently) set for the type of service / packet. For example, the applicability of the proposed rules of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be specifically (or differently or independently) set for the priority of the service / packet. For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to a QoS profile or QoS requirements (e.g., URLLC / EMBB traffic, reliability, latency). For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to a PQI. For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to a PFI. For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to a cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast). For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to a (resource pool) congestion level (e.g., CBR).For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting value may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to an SL HARQ feedback method (e.g., NACK-only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting value may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to HARQ Feedback Enabled MAC PDU transmission. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting value may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to HARQ Feedback Disabled MAC PDU transmission. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting value may be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether a PUCCH-based SL HARQ feedback reporting operation is enabled. For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be specifically (or differently or independently) set depending on whether pre-emption or pre-emption-based resource reselection is performed. For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be specifically (or differently or independently) set depending on whether re-evaluation or re-evaluation-based resource reselection is performed. For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be specifically (or differently or independently) set to the (L2 or L1) (source and / or destination) identifier. For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be specifically (or differently or independently) set to the (L2 or L1) (combination of source ID and destination ID) identifier.For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting value may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to the identifier (L2 or L1) (combination of the pair of source ID and destination ID and cast type). For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting value may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to the direction of the pair of source layer ID and destination layer ID. For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting value may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to the PC5 RRC connection / link. For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting value may be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether SL DRX is performed. For example, the applicability of the proposal rule of the present disclosure and / or the related parameter setting value may be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether SL DRX is supported. For example, whether the proposed rules of the present disclosure apply and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to an SL mode type (e.g., resource allocation mode 1 or resource allocation mode 2). For example, whether the proposed rules of the present disclosure apply and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to cases where (non)periodic resource reservation is performed. For example, whether the proposed rules of the present disclosure apply and / or the related parameter setting values ​​may be set specifically (or differently or independently) to a Tx profile (e.g., a Tx profile indicating that the service supports sidelink DRX operation or a Tx profile indicating that the service does not support sidelink DRX operation).

[0254] The applicability of the proposals and proposal rules of the present disclosure (and / or related parameter setting values) may also apply to mmWave sidelink operations.

[0255] For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the service type (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the priority (LCH or service) (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range) (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the PQI parameter (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the SL HARQ feedback ENABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission) (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to SL HARQ feedback DISABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to CBR measurement values ​​of the resource pool. For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to SL cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast).For example, the application status of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to SL GroupCast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, TX-RX distance-based NACK only feedback). For example, the application status of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to SL Mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). For example, the application status of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to SL Mode type (e.g., Mode 1 or Mode 2). For example, the application status of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to resource pool. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding the applicability of the above rule and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether the PSFCH resource is a resource pool where it is configured. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding the applicability of the above rule and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on the source (L2) ID. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding the applicability of the above rule and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on the destination (L2) ID. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding the applicability of the above rule and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on the PC5 RRC connection link.For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the SL link (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the connection status (e.g., RRC CONNECTED status, IDLE status, INACTIVE status) (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the SL HARQ process (ID) (or differently or independently). For example, the applicability of the above rule and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically to the SL DRX operation (of the TX UE or RX UE) (or differently or independently). For example, the parameter values ​​regarding whether the above rule applies and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to the power saving (TX or RX) UE. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding whether the above rule applies and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to the case where PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX overlap (and / or multiple PSFCH TXs exceeding the UE's capability) (and / or where PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are omitted) from the perspective of a specific UE. For example, the parameter values ​​regarding whether the above rule applies and / or the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure may be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) to the case where the RX UE actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) (re)transmission from the TX UE.

[0256] For example, the setting (or designation) wording in the present disclosure may be interpreted in an extended manner, such as a form in which a base station informs a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through pre-configuration and / or a form in which a terminal informs another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0257] For example, the PSFCH wording in the present disclosure may be extended to (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). Additionally, the proposed methods of the present disclosure may be combined with each other and extended (in a new form).

[0258] For example, in the present disclosure, a specific threshold value may refer to a threshold value that is predefined or set (in advance) by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a specific setting value may refer to a value that is predefined or set (in advance) by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, an operation set by a network / base station may refer to an operation in which the base station sets (in advance) to the UE through upper layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE through MAC CE, or signals to the UE through DCI.

[0259] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the message may be interpreted as being replaced with a control message or a data message or a signal or a data signal or a control signal.

[0260] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a beam management operation may be interpreted as being replaced by beam selection or spatial filter selection or beam pairing or spatial filter pairing or beam failure recovery or spatial filter recovery or beam sweeping or spatial filter sweeping or beam switching or spatial filter switching or measurement of a reference signal resource or measurement of a reference signal resource reporting operation or beam reporting or spatial filter reporting, etc.

[0261] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the beam may be interpreted by replacing it with an RS or an RS resource or a spatial filter resource.

[0262] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, RS can be interpreted as being replaced by an RS resource or a spatial filter resource.

[0263] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with a terminal that transmits a beam, a terminal that transmits a beam RS, or a terminal that transmits a beam RS resource.

[0264] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the receiving terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with a terminal receiving a beam, a terminal receiving a beam RS, or a terminal receiving a beam RS resource.

[0265] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission beam or reception beam information transmitted and received by the terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with resource information of a reference signal (RS) associated with the transmission beam and resource information of a reference signal (RS) associated with the reception beam.

[0266] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a DCR (direct communication request) and / or DCA (direct communication accept) message may be interpreted as being replaced by a PC5-S DCR and / or PC5-S DCA message, etc.

[0267] In embodiments of the present disclosure, spatial setting and / or transmission configuration indication (TCI) information and / or quasi-co-location (QCL) information and / or beams, etc., may refer to each other and / or may be interpreted as being replaced by beam-related information, beam direction, spatial domain transmission or reception filter, etc.

[0268] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the beam may be interpreted as being replaced by a transmitting beam or a receiving beam or a spatial filter or a spatial transmission (TX) filter or a spatial area transmission (TX) filter or a spatial reception (RX) filter or a spatial area reception (RX) filter.

[0269] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmit / transmit beam may be interpreted as being replaced by a spatial transmission (TX) filter or a spatial area transmission (TX) filter.

[0270] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the receiving beam may be interpreted as being replaced by a spatial receiving (RX) filter or a spatial area receiving (RX) filter.

[0271] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fact that the spatial setting information (or beam information) for transmission is identical may mean that the spatial area TX filter of the terminal is identical for two different transmission signals. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fact that the spatial setting information (or beam information) for reception is identical may mean that two different reception signals are in a QCL 'TypeD' relationship and / or have a relationship using the same spatial RX parameter.

[0272] For example, the control message (or signal) and / or data message (or signal) in the present disclosure may mean a control message (or signal) and / or data message (or signal) for wireless communication (e.g., LTE communication, NR communication, 6G communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and / or other wireless communication) that is not a radar signal.

[0273] For example, the source ID and destination ID disclosed in the present disclosure may mean a source layer 1 ID and a destination layer 1 ID and / or a source layer 2 ID and a destination layer 2 ID.

[0274] FIG. 18 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0275] Referring to FIG. 18, at step S1810, the first device can establish a sensing session with the second device. At step S1820, the first device can establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the second device based on quality of service (QoS). At step S1830, the first device can receive a message from the second device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0276] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per QoS.

[0277] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per sensing task. For example, the above sensing task may be related to the above QoS.

[0278] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per sensing node.

[0279] For example, the sensing sub-session may include a plurality of QoS.

[0280] For example, the above sensing session can be established based on a sensing ID. For example, the above sensing sub-session can be established based on a sensing sub-session ID.

[0281] For example, the above message may include session operations related to the sensing-subsession.

[0282] For example, the session operation may include at least one of the start, stop, or completion of the sub-session.

[0283] For example, the above session operations can be performed in the order of the sensing IDs.

[0284] For example, the first device may be at least one of a UE (user equipment), a base station, or a sensing node. For example, the second device may be at least one of a sensing server or a core network.

[0285] For example, the above sensing server can be implemented on a core network.

[0286] For example, the sensing server may be implemented on at least one of a terminal or a base station.

[0287] For example, the above QoS may be a sensing QoS.

[0288] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, a processor (102) of a first device (100) may establish a sensing session with a second device (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) to establish a sensing session with the second device). Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may establish a sensing sub-session related to the sensing session with the second device based on a quality of service (QoS) (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) to establish a sensing sub-session related to the sensing session with the second device based on a quality of service (QoS)). And, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can receive a message from the second device based on the sensing-subsession (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive a message from the second device based on the sensing-subsession). For example, the sensing mode may include at least one of a first sensing mode in which sensing data analysis is performed by a sensing device, a second sensing mode in which the sensing data analysis is performed by a sensing function, or a third sensing mode in which the sensing data analysis is performed by both the sensing device and the sensing function.

[0289] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to establish a sensing session with a second device; to establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the second device based on quality of service (QoS); and to receive a message from the second device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0290] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per QoS.

[0291] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per sensing task. For example, the above sensing task may be related to the above QoS.

[0292] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per sensing node.

[0293] For example, the sensing sub-session may include a plurality of QoS.

[0294] For example, the above sensing session can be established based on a sensing ID. For example, the above sensing sub-session can be established based on a sensing sub-session ID.

[0295] For example, the above message may include session operations related to the sensing-subsession.

[0296] For example, the session operation may include at least one of the start, stop, or completion of the sub-session.

[0297] For example, the above session operations can be performed in the order of the sensing IDs.

[0298] For example, the first device may be at least one of a UE (user equipment), a base station, or a sensing node. For example, the second device may be at least one of a sensing server or a core network.

[0299] For example, the above sensing server can be implemented on a core network.

[0300] For example, the sensing server may be implemented on at least one of a terminal or a base station.

[0301] For example, the above QoS may be a sensing QoS.

[0302] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a first device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to establish a sensing session with a second device; to establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the second device based on quality of service (QoS); and to receive a message from the second device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0303] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions may cause a first device to: establish a sensing session with a second device; establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the second device based on quality of service (QoS); and receive a message from the second device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0304] FIG. 19 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0305] Referring to FIG. 19, at step S1910, the second device can establish a sensing session with the first device. At step S1920, the second device can establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the first device based on quality of service (QoS). At step S1930, the second device can transmit a message to the first device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0306] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per QoS.

[0307] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per sensing task. For example, the above sensing task may be related to the above QoS.

[0308] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per sensing node.

[0309] For example, the sensing sub-session may include a plurality of QoS.

[0310] For example, the above sensing session can be established based on a sensing ID. For example, the above sensing sub-session can be established based on a sensing sub-session ID.

[0311] For example, the above message may include session operations related to the sensing-subsession.

[0312] For example, the session operation may include at least one of the start, stop, or completion of the sub-session.

[0313] For example, the above session operations can be performed in the order of the sensing IDs.

[0314] For example, the first device may be at least one of a UE (user equipment), a base station, or a sensing node. For example, the second device may be at least one of a sensing server or a core network.

[0315] For example, the above sensing server can be implemented on a core network.

[0316] For example, the sensing server may be implemented on at least one of a terminal or a base station.

[0317] For example, the above QoS may be a sensing QoS.

[0318] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may establish a sensing session with the first device (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to establish a sensing session with the first device). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may establish a sensing sub-session related to the sensing session with the first device based on quality of service (QoS) (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to establish a sensing sub-session related to the sensing session with the first device based on quality of service). And, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can transmit a message to the first device based on the sensing-subsession (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit a message to the first device based on the sensing-subsession).

[0319] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to establish a sensing session with the first device; to establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the first device based on quality of service (QoS); and to transmit a message to the first device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0320] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per QoS.

[0321] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per sensing task. For example, the above sensing task may be related to the above QoS.

[0322] For example, the above sensing sub-session can be configured per sensing node.

[0323] For example, the sensing sub-session may include a plurality of QoS.

[0324] For example, the above sensing session can be established based on a sensing ID. For example, the above sensing sub-session can be established based on a sensing sub-session ID.

[0325] For example, the above message may include session operations related to the sensing-subsession.

[0326] For example, the session operation may include at least one of the start, stop, or completion of the sub-session.

[0327] For example, the above session operations can be performed in the order of the sensing IDs.

[0328] For example, the first device may be at least one of a UE (user equipment), a base station, or a sensing node. For example, the second device may be at least one of a sensing server or a core network.

[0329] For example, the above sensing server can be implemented on a core network.

[0330] For example, the sensing server may be implemented on at least one of a terminal or a base station.

[0331] For example, the above QoS may be a sensing QoS.

[0332] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a second device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to establish a sensing session with a first device; to establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the first device based on quality of service (QoS); and to transmit a message to the first device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0333] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions may cause a second device to: establish a sensing session with a first device; establish a sensing sub-session associated with the sensing session with the first device based on quality of service (QoS); and transmit a message to the first device based on the sensing sub-session.

[0334] Through the present disclosure, multiple sensing operations can be effectively performed in a single sensing service. Although the present disclosure uses a digital twin-based federated robot service as an example, it can be utilized in cases where multiple different sensing tasks are required in a single sensing service / session (e.g., when the requirements and sensing QoS for multiple sensing operations are different).

[0335] For example, through the present disclosure, simultaneous / parallel processing of multiple sensing tasks can be supported. For example, through the present disclosure, complex sensing services requiring various purposes and QoS can be flexibly processed.

[0336] For example, through the present disclosure, efficient allocation of sensing resources and minimization of signaling can be achieved. For example, through the present disclosure, signaling overhead can be reduced and energy efficiency can be increased by separating sensing QoS into each sensing task unit and clearly defining start / end conditions to utilize resources only when necessary.

[0337] For example, through the present disclosure, a natural linkage with a digital twin-based complex control structure can be achieved. For example, through the present disclosure, the sensing operation of a robot or UE can be precisely controlled through the linkage between DT commands and sensing sub-sessions, and autonomy and accuracy can be improved.

[0338] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another. For example, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0339] The present disclosure describes a 5G wireless communication system as an example. This can be similarly applied and used in 6G wireless communication systems, etc.

[0340] The proposed method above may be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal may set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal may control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0341] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0342] Although not limited to this, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G, 6G, etc.) between devices.

[0343] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0344] FIG. 20 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0345] Referring to FIG. 20, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution), 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0346] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0347] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0348] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR, 6G, etc.), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on the various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0349] FIG. 21 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0350] Referring to FIG. 21, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 20.

[0351] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0352] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0353] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0354] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0355] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0356] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0357] FIG. 22 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0358] Referring to FIG. 22, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 22 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 21. The hardware elements of FIG. 22 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 21. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 21. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 21, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 21.

[0359] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 22. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0360] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0361] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0362] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 22. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 21) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0363] FIG. 23 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 20). The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0364] Referring to FIG. 23, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 21 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 21. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 21. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0365] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 20, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 20, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 20, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 20, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 20, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 20, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 20, 400), a base station (Fig. 20, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0366] In FIG. 23, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0367] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 23 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0368] FIG. 24 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0369] Referring to FIG. 24, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 23.

[0370] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0371] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).< / hole> < / position> < / location>

Claims

1. Regarding the method, A step in which the first device establishes a sensing session with the second device; The first device establishes a sensing sub-session associated with the second device and the sensing session based on quality of service (QoS); and A method comprising the step of the first device receiving a message from the second device based on the sensing sub-session.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above sensing sub-session is configured per QoS method.

3. In Paragraph 1, The above sensing sub-session is configured per sensing task, and the above sensing task is related to the above QoS, method.

4. In Paragraph 1, The above sensing sub-session is configured per sensing node.

5. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the above sensing sub-session includes a plurality of QoS.

6. In Paragraph 1, The above sensing session is established based on the sensing ID, and A method in which the above sensing sub-session is established based on a sensing sub-session ID.

7. In Paragraph 1, The above message is a method including session operations associated with the sensing sub-session.

8. In Paragraph 7, A method in which the above session operation includes at least one of the start, stop, or completion of the above sub-session.

9. In Paragraph 7, A method in which the above session operation is performed in the order of the sensing IDs.

10. In Paragraph 1, The first device is at least one of a UE (user equipment), a base station, or a sensing node, and The above second device is a sensing server, method.

11. In Paragraph 10, The above sensing server is a method implemented on a core network.

12. In Paragraph 10, A method in which the above-mentioned sensing server is implemented on at least one of a terminal or a base station.

13. In Paragraph 1, The above QoS is a sensing QoS, method.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Establish a sensing session with the second device; Establishing a sensing sub-session associated with the second device and the sensing session based on QoS (quality of service); and A first device that receives a message from the second device based on the sensing-subsession.

15. In a processing device, At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Establish a sensing session with the second device; Establishing a sensing sub-session associated with the second device and the sensing session based on QoS (quality of service); and A processing device that receives a message from the second device based on the sensing-subsession.

16. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above instructions cause the first device: Establish a sensing session with the second device; Establishing a sensing sub-session associated with the second device and the sensing session based on QoS (quality of service); and A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that receives a message based on the sensing-sub-session from the second device.

17. Regarding the method, A step in which the second device establishes a sensing session with the first device; The second device establishes a sensing sub-session associated with the first device and the sensing session based on quality of service (QoS); and A method comprising the step of the second device transmitting a message to the first device based on the sensing sub-session.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The second device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Establish a sensing session with the first device; Establishing a sensing sub-session associated with the first device and the sensing session based on QoS (quality of service); and A second device that enables the first device to transmit a message based on the sensing-subsession.

19. In a processing device, At least one processor; and A second device comprising at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Establish a sensing session with the first device; Establishing a sensing sub-session associated with the first device and the sensing session based on QoS (quality of service); and A processing device that enables the first device to transmit a message based on the sensing-subsession.

20. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above commands cause the second device: Establish a sensing session with the first device; Establishing a sensing sub-session associated with the first device and the sensing session based on QoS (quality of service); and A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that enables the first device to transmit a message based on the sensing-subsession.

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