Method for indicating bandwidth of r-TWT SP based NPCA operation in a wireless LAN communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure generally relates to method and apparatus for indicating bandwidth for restricted-target wake up time (R-TWT) based non-primary channel access (NPCA) operation in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system. The method comprises determining a bandwidth for an R-TWT operation in an overlapping basic service set (OBSS), while the AP is active in an R-TWT operation and operates in a primary channel; and transmitting, to at least one OBSS AP, bandwidth information related to an R-TWT operation for a multi-AP (MAP) coordination communication, wherein the at least one OBSS AP operates on a non-primary channel within or outside an operating bandwidth of the AP.

Description

METHOD FOR INDICATING BANDWIDTH OF R-TWT SP BASED NPCA OPERATION IN A WIRELESS LAN COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system, in particular, but not exclusively to a method and apparatus for indicating bandwidth for Restricted-Target Wake up Time (R-TWT) Service Period (SP) based Non-Primary Channel Access (NPCA) operation in a WLAN communication system.

[0002] Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), particularly those based on IEEE 802.11 standards, have evolved significantly to meet increasing demands for high throughput, low latency, and reliable connectivity in a Wi-Fi network. As part of the ongoing development of IEEE 802.11 TGbn, which lays the foundation for Wi-Fi 8, several advanced channel access mechanisms are being explored to enhance spectrum efficiency and transmission reliability. Among these mechanisms are Non-Primary Channel Access (NPCA), Secondary Channel Access (SCA), and Dynamic Sub-band Operation (DSO).

[0003] Traditional WLAN operations rely heavily on the primary channel for communication between the Access Point (AP) and associated Stations (STAs). However, in dense deployment scenarios or Overlapping Basic Service Sets (OBSS) (or, Inter Basic Service Sets(inter-BSS)), contention on the primary channel can lead to degraded performance. The disclosure described with respect to OBSS is equally applicable when the term inter-BSS is used. To address this, NPCA enables a Basic Service Sets (BSS) to temporarily switch to a non-primary channel for transmission, thereby alleviating congestion and improving channel access opportunities.

[0004] NPCA can be initiated based on the Target Wake Time (TWT) or Restricted Target Wake Time (R-TWT) schedules of neighbouring OBSS transmissions. Specifically, the BSS may switch to a predefined non-primary channel at the beginning of a Service Period (SP), either proactively or in response to detecting OBSS R-TWT transmissions received from an AP. The switching to non-primary channel may be located within or outside the AP's operational bandwidth.

[0005] The current implementations of broadcast TWT and R-TWT specify the start of SP and nominal wake times, but lack explicit indicators for the operational bandwidth utilized during R-TWT operation, which can lead to inefficiencies in resource allocation and reduced performance predictability for participating stations. Consequently, situation where BSSs attempting to operate on a non-primary channel during NPCA operation may inadvertently overlap with the primary channel's bandwidth. This situation creates congestion and miscommunication regarding choice of the bandwidth to be used during NPCA operation.

[0006] This absence of explicit bandwidth information introduces challenges in coordinating channel access and maintaining synchronization across BSS components, especially in overlapping BSS environment. Therefore, there is a need for a method that enables BSS devices to determine where to switch in NPCA operation, ensuring seamless operation and improved reliability of WLAN transmissions.

[0007] The information disclosed in this background of the disclosure section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

[0008] In an embodiment the present disclosure provides method and apparatus for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) Service Period (SP) based Non-Primary Channel Access (NPCA) operation in a WLAN communication system.

[0009] In an embodiment, the method performed by an access point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of restricted target wake up time (R-TWT) operation in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system is provided. The method performed by an access point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of restricted target wake up time (R-TWT) operation in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system is provided. The method comprises determining a bandwidth for an R-TWT operation in an overlapping basic service set (OBSS), while the AP is active in an R-TWT operation and operates in a primary channel; and transmitting, to at least one OBSS AP, bandwidth information related to an R-TWT operation for a multi-AP (MAP) coordination communication, wherein the at least one OBSS AP operates on the non-primary channel within or outside an operating bandwidth of the AP.

[0010] In another embodiment, an access point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of restricted target wake up time (R-TWT) operation in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system is provided. the AP comprises a transceiver; at least one processor; and memory, storing processor executable instructions, when executed causes the processor to: determine a bandwidth for an R-TWT operation in an overlapping basic service set (OBSS), while the AP is active in an R-TWT operation and operates in a primary channel; and transmit, to at least one OBSS AP, bandwidth information related to an R-TWT operation for a multi-AP (MAP) coordination communication, wherein the at least one OBSS AP operates on the non-primary channel within or outside an operating bandwidth of the AP.

[0011] In another embodiment, a method performed by an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) access point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of restricted target wake up time (R-TWT) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system is provided. The method comprises receiving, from an AP that is active in an R-TWT operation and operates in a primary channel, bandwidth information related to an R-TWT operation in an OBSS; and transmitting, to at least one station (STA) associated with the OBSS AP, the bandwidth information as part of non-primary channel access (NPCA) parameters for operating in a non-primary channel within or outside an operating bandwidth of the AP.

[0012] In another embodiment, an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) access point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of restricted target wake up time (R-TWT) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system is provided. The AP comprises a transceiver; at least one processor; and memory, storing processor executable instructions, when executed causes the processor to: receive, from an AP that is active in an R-TWT operation and operates in a primary channel, bandwidth information related to an R-TWT operation in an OBSS; and transmit, to at least one station (STA) associated with the OBSS AP, the bandwidth information as part of non-primary channel access (NPCA) parameters for operating in a non-primary channel within or outside an operating bandwidth of the AP.

[0013] The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

[0014] The embodiments of the disclosure itself, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives, and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. One or more embodiments are now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary environment of a Wi-Fi network for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) SP based NPCA operation in a Wi-Fi network., in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary channel allocation that supports various combination of channel usage as a BSS operating channel, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG.3 illustrates an example of hardware configuration of both APs and STAs, according to some embodiments of the invention.

[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart illustrating a method for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) SP based NPCA operation in a Wi-Fi network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates a sequence diagram illustrating the method for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) SP based NPCA operation in a Wi-Fi network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart illustrating another method for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) SP based NPCA operation in a Wi-Fi network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 7 illustrates a sequence diagram illustrating the method for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) SP based NPCA operation in a Wi-Fi network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart illustrating a method for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) SP based NPCA operation in a Wi-Fi network in accordance with some other embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative systems embodying the principles of the present subject matter. Similarly, it will be appreciated that any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer-readable medium and executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.

[0024] As used herein, the term "wireless local area network (WLAN)" may be interchangeably referred to as a "Wi-Fi network," and the two terms are used synonymously throughout the present disclosure.

[0025] Non Primary channel (NPC) access (NPCA), secondary channel (SC) access (SCA), Dynamic sub-band operation (DSO) is being discussed extensively in IEEE 802.11 Task group TGbn which is working towards building base for Wi-Fi 8. The underlying concept here is to switch to another channel or use only a part of the entire bandwidth for transmission. This is with the focus to improve channel access and in turn improve reliability of WLAN or Wi-Fi transmissions. One of the methods of doing NPCA is to switch to Non-primary channel based on R-TWT SP start time of OBSS R-TWT transmissions.

[0026] Restricted Target Wake Time (R-TWT) is a feature introduced in Wi-Fi 7 to enhance the performance of real-time applications (RTA) such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), industrial automation, and real-time gaming. 　R-TWT provides exclusive channel access to Wi-Fi stations during negotiated service periods (SPs), ensuring these applications meet their strict delay requirements. During these SPs, only the devices involved in the R-TWT agreement can transmit data.

[0027] In case of a multi-AP operation or overlapping BSS deployments, based on the R-TWT schedule of OBSS, the entire BSS can move to NPC for the operation for the entirety of SP where the NPC may be within the operational bandwidth of the AP or outside the operational bandwidth of the AP. Current implementation of broadcast TWT and R-TWT do not indicate the bandwidth of the R-TWT operation.

[0028] There is no information at the beginning of SP or before the SP starts on what would be the bandwidth of the R-TWT operation being performed. This information would certainly help for optimal NPCA operation. There is a need to provide a method to provide bandwidth information to the BSS which is expected to move to NPC for operation.

[0029] Thus, it is desired to address the above-mentioned disadvantages, issues, or other shortcomings or at least provide a useful alternative.

[0030] The principal object of the present invention covers the embodiments herein is to provide methods and systems for indication of bandwidth of R-TWT operation for OBSS R-TWT SP based NPCA.

[0031] Another object of the embodiment herein is to provide indication of bandwidth information of operation in R-TWT SP for which protection is expected in a Multi-AP setup as part of multi-AP communication.

[0032] Yet another object of the embodiments herein is to provide indication of bandwidth information of operation in R-TWT SP in R-TWT broadcast information.

[0033] Yet another object of the embodiments herein is to exchange the bandwidth information of OBSS R-TWT transmissions among STAs by AP in its BSS.

[0034] Embodiments disclosed herein provides a method and system for indication of bandwidth of R-TWT operation for OBSS R-TWT SP based NPCA. The proposed solution describes a method and system to provide bandwidth information of a R-TWT SP which is to be used for NPCA operation by OBSS. The bandwidth information can be provided as a direct information shared between APs via Multi-AP communication or can be shared as part of R-TWT broadcast information. Further the method and system includes sharing of the bandwidth information of operation in R-TWT SP for which protection is to expected in a Multi-AP setup. The AP that needs R-TWT protection would share bandwidth information of R-TWT transmission to another AP in Multi-AP co-ordination communication. The information of bandwidth of R-TWT transmission is used by the OBSS AP to negotiate and move to NPCA for operation. Furthermore the embodiment proposes sharing of the bandwidth information of operation in R-TWT SP in R-TWT broadcast information. The OBSS AP will move to a suitable NPC and operate with a bandwidth such that it does not affect the R-TWT transmissions. In addition, the system and method proposes the exchange of bandwidth information of OBSS R-TWT transmissions among STAs by AP in its own BSS. AP informs its NPCA STAs about bandwidth of OBSS R-TWT operation as part of NPCA parameters.

[0035] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. Also, the various embodiments described herein are not necessarily mutually exclusive, as some embodiments can be combined with one or more other embodiments to form new embodiments. The term "or" as used herein, refers to a non-exclusive or, unless otherwise indicated. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein can be practiced and to further enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.

[0036] As is traditional in the field, embodiments may be described and illustrated in terms of blocks which carry out a described function or functions.　These blocks, which may be referred to herein as managers, units, modules, hardware components or the like, are physically implemented by analog and / or digital circuits such as logic gates, integrated circuits, microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory circuits, passive electronic components, active electronic components, optical components, hardwired circuits and the like, and may optionally be driven by firmware and software. The circuits may, for example, be embodied in one or more semiconductor chips, or on substrate supports such as printed circuit boards and the like.　The circuits constituting a block may be implemented by dedicated hardware, or by a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry), or by a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions of the block and a processor to perform other functions of the block.　Each block of the embodiments may be physically separated into two or more interacting and discrete blocks without departing from the scope of the disclosure.　Likewise, the blocks of the embodiments may be physically combined into more complex blocks without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

[0037] The NPCA(Non Primary Channel Access), SCA (Secondary Channel Access) and the Dynamic sub-band operation (DSO) involves a method to switch to another channel or use only a part of the entire bandwidth for transmission to improve channel access and in turn improve reliability of WLAN or Wi-Fi transmissions.

[0038] One of the methods of doing NPCA is to switch to Non-primary channel based on R-TWT SP start time of OBSS R-TWT transmissions.

[0039] The entire BSS moves to a pre-determined Non primary channel for access which may be within the operational bandwidth of the AP or may be outside of the operational bandwidth of the AP.

[0040] Based on the R-TWT schedule of OBSS, the entire BSS can move to NPC for the operation for the entirety of SP.

[0041] Option A: BSS AP and STAs move to NPC at the beginning of SP or

[0042] Option B: BSS AP and STAs monitor for start of R-TWT transmission at the beginning of SP. If there is a OBSS R-TWT transmission, AP and STAs move to NPC for operation BSS AP and STAs can move back to primary channel after the end of SP.

[0043] Current implementation of broadcast TWT and R-TWT do not indicate the bandwidth of R-TWT operation. There is no information at the beginning of SP or before the SP starts on what would be the bandwidth of the R-TWT operation being performed. This information would certainly help for optimal NPCA operation. There is a need to provide a method to provide bandwidth information to the BSS which is expected to move to NPC for operation.

[0044] The proposed solution describes a method and system to provide bandwidth information of a R-TWT SP which is to be used for NPCA operation by OBSS. The bandwidth information can be provided as a direct information shared between APs via Multi-AP communication or can be shared as part of R-TWT broadcast information. Further the method and system includes sharing of the bandwidth information of operation in R-TWT SP for which protection is to expected in a Multi-AP setup. The AP that needs R-TWT protection would share bandwidth information of R-TWT transmission to another AP in Multi-AP co-ordination communication. The information of bandwidth of R-TWT transmission is used by the OBSS AP to negotiate and move to NPCA for operation. Furthermore the embodiment proposes sharing of the bandwidth information of operation in R-TWT SP in R-TWT broadcast information. The OBSS AP will move to a suitable NPC and operate with a bandwidth such that it does not affect the R-TWT transmissions. In addition, the system and method proposes the exchange of bandwidth information of R-TWT transmissionsamong STAs in OBSS. OBSS AP informs its NPCA STAs about bandwidth of R-TWT operation as part of NPCA parameters.

[0045] Referring now to the drawing, and more particularly to FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 where similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the figures, there are shown preferred embodiments.

[0046] FIG. 5 illustrates a scenario of R-TWT bandwidth info exchange via AP-AP communication in a R-TWT SP based NPCA operation in a typical MAP setup, according to the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0047] The proposed solution defines a system and method in multi-AP setup, to provide bandwidth information of R-TWT operation for which protection is expected by an AP to another co-ordinating AP. This R-TWT bandwidth information would be used by OBSS AP to provide protection by not operating in that bandwidth. Further This R-TWT information would be used by OBSS AP to operate in Non-primary channel and a bandwidth outside of R-TWT operation bandwidth. The solution includes an IE shared in one of the messages to exchange R-TWT operation bandwidth along with other NPCA parameters as part of MAP communication.

[0048] Further in an embodiment, the method is proposed to provide bandwidth information of a R-TWT operation as part of R-TWT broadcast information, which can be used passively by OBSS AP to not operate on the R-TWT operation bandwidth during R-TWT SP. Further the IE is defined in an embodiment, as an extension to R-TWT broadcast information to provide bandwidth information. The IE included in one of the message exchange shares the OBSS R-TWT bandwidth information as part of NPCA setup parameters from AP to its STAs moving to NPC for operation.

[0049] In a multi-AP setup, exchange of bandwidth information of R-TWT operation (for which protection is expected) between APs involved in co-ordination is proposed.

[0050] Based on Bandwidth of R-TWT operation in OBSS, BSS moves to NPC out of the R-TWT operation BW.

[0051] The R-TWT operation bandwidth may be different than the operation BW of OBSS AP and hence needs to be shared via such a communication.

[0052] The table 1 illustrates the Information Element (IE) to be exchanged between APs for indicating R-TWT operation bandwidth in a multi-AP setup.

[0053] IE to indicate bandwidth of R-TWT operationR-TWT parameters (may include R-TWT identifier)Protection expected?R-TWT Operation bandwidth informationExpected Value: Yes / NoExpected value: Bandwidth information of R-TWT operation

[0054] The Information element can be shared between APs as part of MAP communication and it may also contain indication if protection is expected.

[0055] FIG. 7 illustrates a scenario of R-TWT bandwidth info exchange in broadcast message in a R-TWT SP based NPCA operation in a typical MAP setup, according to the embodiments as disclosed herein.

[0056] In a multi-AP setup bandwidth information of R-TWT operation to be included in R-TWT broadcast message. A BSS intending to provide protection shall use this bandwidth information and move to NPCA for operation. Based on Bandwidth of R-TWT operation in OBSS, BSS moves to NPC out of the R-TWT operation BW.

[0057] In an embodiment, the method and system is proposed to extend R-TWT broadcast information to include an IE indicating the R-TWT operation bandwidth. This information can be passively used by other APs / BSS around to provide protection.

[0058] The tables provided below illustrate the R-TWT broadcast information extended to include an IE indicating the R-TWT operation bandwidth in R-TWT Broadcast

[0059] Extended R-TWT Broadcast informationR-TWT broadcast informationIE to indicate R-TWT Bandwidth information in R-TWT broadcast

[0060] IE to indicate R-TWT bandwidth information in R-TWT broadcastR-TWT operation BandwidthProtection expected?Expected Value:Yes / No

[0061] Embodiment for Extended R-TWT Broadcast informationR-TWT broadcast information (R-TWT Traffic info)IE to indicate R-TWT Bandwidth information in R-TWT BroadcastTraffic Info Control(1 octet)Restricted TWT DL TID Bitmap(1 octet)Restricted TWT UL TID Bitmap(1 octet)R-TWT operation Bandwidth(1 octet)Protection expected?(1 bit)Reserved(7 bits)

[0062] Further in an embodiment, a method is proposed to extend NPCA parameters to include an IE indicating the OBSS R-TWT operation bandwidth which can be used for NPCA operation shared by AP to its STAS.

[0063] Extended NPCA parametersNPCA parametersR-TWT bandwidth information

[0064] In an embodiment, the system for indication of bandwidth of R-TWT operation for OBSS R-TWT SP based NPCA includes a memory, a processor, a communicator, and a R-TWT controller.The memory is configured to store instructions to be executed by the processor. The memory can include non-volatile storage elements. Examples of such non-volatile storage elements may include magnetic hard discs, optical discs, floppy discs, flash memories, or forms of electrically programmable memories (EPROM) or electrically erasable and programmable (EEPROM) memories. In addition, the memory may, in some examples, be considered a non-transitory storage medium. The term "non-transitory" may indicate that the storage medium is not embodied in a carrier wave or a propagated signal. However, the term "non-transitory" should not be interpreted that the memory is non-movable. In some examples, the memory is configured to store larger amounts of information. In certain examples, a non-transitory storage medium may store data that can, over time, change (e.g., in Random Access Memory (RAM) or cache).

[0065] The processor may include one or a plurality of processors. The one or the plurality of processors may be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), or the like, a graphics-only processing unit such as a graphics processing unit (GPU), a visual processing unit (VPU), and / or an AI-dedicated processor such as a neural processing unit (NPU). The processor may include multiple cores and is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory.

[0066] In an embodiment, the communicator includes an electronic circuit specific to a standard that enables wired or wireless communication. The communicator is configured to communicate internally between internal hardware components of the UE and with external devices via one or more networks.

[0067] In an embodiment, the R-TWT controller handles indication of bandwidth of R-TWT operation for OBSS R-TWT SP based NPCA.

[0068] The various actions, acts, blocks, steps, or the like in the method may be performed in the order presented, in a different order or simultaneously. Further, in some embodiments, some of the actions, acts, blocks, steps, or the like may be omitted, added, modified, skipped, or the like without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0069] In the present document, the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration". Any embodiment or implementation of the present subject matter described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0070] While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative falling within the spirit and the scope of the disclosure.

[0071] The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, device, or method that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or device or method. In other words, one or more elements in a device or system or apparatus proceeded by "comprises쪋 a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the device or system or apparatus.

[0072] The term "device", "communication device", "wireless device" and or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a single meaning and may be interchanged used in the disclosure.

[0073] In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.

[0074] In an embodiment the present disclosure provides method and apparatus for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) operation in a Wi-Fi network.

[0075] In an embodiment, the method for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) operation in a Wi-Fi network. The method comprises determining, by a R-TWT active Access Point (AP) from a plurality of APs, operating in a primary channel, a bandwidth of a R-TWT operation in an overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS) and transmitting, by the R-TWT active AP, bandwidth information of a R-TWT operation to at least one OBSS AP from the plurality of APs, in a Multi-AP (MAP) coordination communication, wherein the at least one OBSS AP operates in the non-primary channel within or outside the R-TWT active AP's operating bandwidth.

[0076] In another embodiment, the method for dynamic switching to a primary channel from a non-primary channel during Non-Primary Channel Access (NPCA) in a Wi-Fi network. The method comprising, determining, by a R-TWT active Access Point (AP) from a plurality of APs, operating in a primary channel, a bandwidth of a R-TWT operation in an overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS) and including, by the R-TWT active AP, bandwidth information in a broadcast message of the R-TWT SP operation. Further the method comprising transmitting, by the R-TWT active AP, the broadcast message to at least one OBSS AP from the plurality of APs, wherein the at least one OBSS AP operates in a non-primary channel within or outside the R-TWT active AP's operating bandwidth.

[0077] In an embodiment, an Access Point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) operation in a Wi-Fi network, the AP comprising a processor and a memory for storing processor executable instructions. The instructions when executed by the processor causes to determine a bandwidth of a Restricted Target Wake Time (R-TWT) operation in an overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS) operating in a primary channel and transmit bandwidth information to at least one OBSS AP from a plurality of APs in a Multi-AP coordination communication, wherein the at least one OBSS AP operates in the non-primary channel within or outside the R-TWT active AP's operating bandwidth.

[0078] In another embodiment, an Access Point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) operation in a Wi-Fi network, the AP comprising a processor and a memory for storing processor executable instructions. The instructions when executed by the processor causes to determine a bandwidth of a R-TWT operation in an overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS) and include the bandwidth information in a broadcast message of the R-TWT operation Further, instructions cause the processor to transmit the broadcast message to at least one OBSS AP, wherein the at least one OBSS AP operates in a non-primary channel within or outside the R-TWT active AP's operating bandwidth.

[0079] Yet in another embodiment, the method for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) operation in a Wi-Fi network. The method comprises receiving, by an OBSS Access Point (AP) from a plurality of APs, bandwidth information of an R-TWT operation in an overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS), wherein the bandwidth information of the R-TWT operation is received from a R-TWT active AP from the plurality of APs, operating in a primary channel and transmitting, by the OBSS AP, the bandwidth information to one or more Stations (STAs) associated with the OBSS AP as part of the Non-Primary Channel Access (NPCA) parameters for operating in a non-primary channel within or outside the R-TWT AP's operating bandwidth.

[0080] Yet in another embodiment, an Access Point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) operation in a Wi-Fi network, the AP comprising a processor and a memory for storing processor executable instructions. The instructions when executed by the processor causes to receive bandwidth information of an R-TWT operation in an overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS), wherein the bandwidth information is received from a R-TWT active AP from the plurality of APs, operating in a primary channel and transmit the bandwidth information to one or more Stations (STAs) associated with the OBSS AP as part of the Non-Primary Channel Access (NPCA) parameters for operating in a non-primary channel within or outside the R-TWT AP's operating bandwidth.

[0081] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary environment of a Wi-Fi network 100 for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) SP NPCA operation in a Wi-Fi network.

[0082] In an embodiment, the exemplary environment 100 may comprise two 802.11 Wi-Fi network, a system 101 and a system 102. The Wi-Fi network is compatible with an IEEE 802.11 protocol. For example, the Wi-Fi network 100 environment may be compatible with IEEE 802.11 such as IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11be, and IEEE 802.11bn. IEEE 802.11ac is referred to as a very high throughput (VHT). IEEE 802.11ax is referred to as high efficiency (HE). IEEE 802.11be is referred to as extreme high throughput (EHT). IEEE 802.11bn is referred to as ultra-high reliability (UHR). The Wi-Fi network may be used in various applications, such as in large industries, homes, offices and or enterprise applications. Although the systems included in Wi-Fi network 100 as shown in FIG.1 with certain components and described with certain functionality herein, other embodiments of the Wi-Fi network and related systems may include fewer or more components to implement the same, less, or more functionality. For example, in some embodiments, the Wi-Fi network may include 'n' number of systems and non-limiting to the systems 101 and the system 102 as shown in figure, whereas 'n' may be any number. Further, the 'n' number of systems may include multiple APs with multiple STAs, one AP with one STA, or one AP with multiple STAs. Furthermore, the APs communicate through single communication link, and in some embodiments, the APs may be affiliated with an AP in Multiple Access Point (MAP). For example, the system 101 and the system 102 as shown in figure as included with one AP1 and AP2 respectively, other exemplary embodiment, may include multiple APs. In these embodiments, each of the APs in the respective systems may operate in same or different frequency band or bandwidth. For example, one AP may operate in a 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) frequency band and another AP may operate in a 5 GHz or 6 GHz frequency band and may also incorporates support for millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. In some embodiments, two APs may operate in different channel within a frequency band. For example, AP1 may operate in channel 1 of 2.4 GHz and AP2 may operate in channel 6 of 2.4 GHz.

[0083] In an embodiment, the system 101 may comprise of wireless devices such as one Access Point (AP), AP1, Stations (STA) STA11 and STA12. The system 102 may comprise of wireless devices such as AP2, STA21 and STA22. The number of STAs such as STA11, STA 12 and STA21, STA22 associated with the respective AP1 and AP2 maybe different from one another. The AP1and AP2 may communicate with at least one Wi Fi networks, such as the Internet, a proprietary Internet Protocol (IP) network, or other data network. The AP1 and AP2 may provide access to channels for communication to each other using Wi-Fi network 100 or other WLAN communication techniques in OBSS. In some embodiments, two APs may operate in different channel within a frequency band. For example, AP1 may operate in channel 1 of 2.4 GHz and AP2 may operate in channel 6 of 2.4 GHz.

[0084] In an embodiment, the terms "station" and "STA" are used interchangeably in this disclosure to refer to remote wireless equipment that wirelessly accesses an AP or contends for a wireless channel in a WLAN. The STAs may be implemented as, or known as a subscriber station, a subscriber unit, a mobile station (MS), a remote station, a remote terminal, a user terminal (UT), a user agent, a user device, a user equipment (UE), a user station (STA), or some other terminology. In some implementations, STAs may be or may comprise a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device having wireless connection capability, or some other suitable processing device connected to a wireless modem. Accordingly, one or more aspects taught herein may be incorporated into a phone (e.g., a cellular phone or a smartphone), a computer (e.g., a laptop), a tablet, a portable communication device, a portable computing device (e.g., a personal data assistant), an entertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satellite radio), a global positioning system (GPS) device, Internet of Things (IoT) devices or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium. In some aspects, STAs may be a wireless node. Such a wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link.

[0085] The term 'STAs' may be used interchangeably throughout the disclosure to refer to devices such as STA11, STA12, STA21, and STA22.

[0086] Further, in an embodiment, the term "AP" or "access point" is used interchangeably in this disclosure to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access to remote terminals. In an embodiment, the APs may comprise, be implemented as, or known as a Node B, Base Station Controller (BSC), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Base Station (BS), Transceiver Function (TF), Radio Router, Radio Transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Radio Base Station (RBS), or some other terminology. It can be a standalone product or it may be integrated in a device, for instance in a broadband remote access server (BRAS). In an embodiment, one or more of the APs may include circuitry and / or programming for management of MU-MIMO and OFDMA channel sounding in WLANs. In an embodiment, all the APs such as AP1 and AP2 may be communicably connected in a Multi AP configuration and may include affiliated multiple APs not shown here. Each affiliated multiple APs may include a PHY interface to wireless medium by which the APs such as AP1 and AP2 are connected to the APs associated STAs in the system 102 and system 103 respectively. The affiliated multiple APs may include a single Medium Access Control (MAC) Service Access Point (SAP) through which the affiliated APs may communicate with a higher layer such as network layer. Each affiliated AP may have a MAC address (lower MAC address) different from any other affiliated APs. The affiliated APs may have a MAC address (upper MAC address) and the affiliated APs share the single MAC SAP to the network layer in the Wi-Fi network. Thus, the affiliated APs share a single IP address, and network layer may recognize the affiliated APs by assigning the single IP address.

[0087] The term "R-TWT active AP" may be used interchangeably throughout this disclosure to refer to devices such as AP1 in one exemplary embodiment and should not be considered limiting. In other embodiments, AP2 or other devices (not shown in the Wi-Fi network) may also function as an R-TWT active AP, depending on the availability and operational conditions of the Wi-Fi network. Further the term "OBSS AP" may be used interchange with AP2 in an exemplary embodiment and may not be construed as limiting.

[0088] In an embodiment, the APs manages the set of STAs that together organize their accesses to the wireless medium known as 'operating channel' for communication purposes. Further the STAs and their associated APs are referred to as Basic Service Set (BSS), throughout the disclosure. The BSS is defined by an association process of IEEE 802.11 and is a network topology which includes an AP and one or more STAs associated with the AP. For example, AP1 and its associated STA11 and STA12 may be considered as the BSS, utilizing an operating channel. A physical station acting as an access point may be employed to manage two or more BSS (and thus corresponding WLANs) each BSS is thus uniquely identified by a specific Basic Service Set Identification (BSSID) and managed by a separate virtual AP implemented in the physical AP (Not shown here).

[0089] The number of STAs as shown in figure is merely provided for illustrative purposes and may be any number of STAs in a single BSS. The APs, STAs and associated components and functions described herein may be implemented with hardware circuitry such as one or more of analog circuitry, mix signal circuitry, memory circuitry, logic circuitry, and processing circuitry that executes code stored in a memory that when executed by the processing circuitry performs the disclosed functions and or including software, firmware or combination thereof.

[0090] Now describing the operational channel of each BSS, as shown as the system 101 and the system102 and associated APs and STAs communicating in a specific network topology.

[0091] The term "BSS" may be used interchangeably used to refer the system 101 and the system 102 throughout this disclosure. Further the term "OBSS" may also be used to refer the system 101 and the system 103 throughout this disclosure.

[0092] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary channel allocation that supports various combination of channel usage as a BSS operating channel, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0093] In an aspect, the elementary channel of one of the BSS operating channel 200a may include 200a-1 to 200a-8. The operating channel 200a may be divided into a multiple subchannels. The multiple subchannels may include one primary channel and one or more Non-Primary Channels also known as secondary channels. In this aspect, 200a-1 may be used as primary channel and 200a-2 to 200a-8 may be used as non-primary channel. This operational aspect of BSS is covered in the NPCA development by the IEEE 802.11 to improve bandwidth utilization by optimizing the use of non-primary channels.

[0094] In an aspect, an elementary channel 200a-1 to 200a-8 is 20MHz wide. The IEEE 802.11 family introduces support of a restricted number of predefined subsets of 20MHz channels to form predefined operating channel configurations that are available for the BSSs. The predefined subsets in 802.11 are not shown here in Figure and may correspond to 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and 160 MHz channel bandwidths, each grouping 2nelementary 20MHz channels. The 20 MHz component channels 200a-1 to 200a-8 may be concatenated to form wider operating channels as per the employment and application requirements of each of the components and or devices in the BSS. For example, a 320 MHz operating channel may be made of four separate 80 MHz channels. Yet in another example, leaving the primary channel intact, the non-primary channel may be grouped into 80MHz and 160 MHz or more spanning a bandwidth of 160MHz and 240MHz. The number of 20MHz channels per band varies between the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz bands and millimeter wave (mmWave) band and may be more depending upon the W-Fi network implementation.

[0095] To further clarify the bandwidth allocation requirements of the present invention, another aspect of the BSS operating channel is illustrated below. This will be referenced in subsequent sections to enable a person skilled in the art to fully understand the invention.

[0096] Further in an aspect, the elementary channel of one of another BSS operating channel 200b may include 200b-1 to 200b-12. The operating bandwidth 200b may be divided into a multiple subchannels. The multiple subchannels may include one primary channel and one or more Non-Primary Channels also known as secondary channels. In this aspect, 200b-3 may be used as primary channel and one of the channels from 200b-1 and 200b-2, 200b-4 to 200b-12 may be used for NPCA as non-primary channel. This operational aspect of BSS is covered in the NPCA development by the IEEE 802.11 to improve bandwidth utilization by optimizing the use of non-primary channels.

[0097] In an aspect, an elementary channel 200b-1 to 200b-12 is 20MHz wide. The IEEE 802.11 family introduces support of a restricted number of predefined subsets of 20MHz channels to form predefined operating channel configurations that are available for the BSSs. The predefined subsets in 802.11 are not shown here in Figure and may correspond to 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and 160 MHz channel bandwidths, each grouping 2nelementary 20MHz channels. The 20 MHz component channels 200b-1 to 200b-12 may be concatenated to form wider operating channels as per the employment and application requirements of each of the components and or devices in the BSS. For example, a 320 MHz operating channel may be made of four separate 80 MHz channels. Yet in another example, leaving the primary channel intact, the non-primary channel may be grouped into 80MHz, 160 MHz, 240MHz, 320 MHz or more spanning a more wider operational bandwidth of the BSS. The number of 20MHz channels per band varies between the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz bands and millimeter wave (mmWave) band and may be more depending upon the W-Fi network implementation.

[0098] In an aspect, Access Point 1 (AP1) within a Basic Service Set (BSS) or the system 101 selects one of the elementary 20 MHz channel, such as channel 200a-1 from the available operating channels to serve as the 'primary channel. This primary channel may be common to all associated Stations (STAs), such as STA11 and STA12, within the system 101. The primary channel 200a-1 is used for signaling purposes, including channel access procedures, and ensures backward compatibility. Devices like STA11 and AP1 may be granted transmission opportunities (TXOPs) via the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism operating on the primary channel 200a-1Another system, system 102, which is similar to the system 101 and also based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, may include wireless devices such as AP2 and one or more STAs like STA21 and STA22. In an aspect, the system 102 may operate on the same set of operating channels in primary channel as of the system 101 in OBSS network. For example, the system 102, operating with bandwidth 200b, may utilize primary channel as 200b-3. Among these, subchannels 200b-3 of the system 102 may overlap with subchannels 200a-1 2 of the system 101.

[0099] The above examples are intended to be illustrative and should not be considered limiting with respect to the bandwidth range, or the number of channels and subchannels, used to explain certain aspects of the disclosure. The non-primary channel of the BSS operating channel may be used when the primary channel is busy in NPCA operation.

[0100] In an embodiment, all devices within the Basic Service Set (BSS), including Access Points (APs) and Stations (STAs), may be NPCA-compatible and configured to perform the functions associated with Non-Primary Channel Access (NPCA) operation.

[0101] In an embodiment, the STAs may be within the range of both the APs (AP1 and AP2) or within the single AP. AP1 may be within or outside the range of AP2. And if both the APs use same operating channel or bandwidth, then the APs may be considered as "overlapping", for example, both the APs may have no connection to each other but they interfere with each other. It is said APs and their associated STAs are in the relationship of an Overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS). In an embodiment, the primary channel may be idle or busy depending on whether interference is detected from an OBSS in the primary channel or the other device's such as between APs and associated STAs frame exchanges in the BSS.

[0102] Now, addressing the general aspect of the present invention, the objective is to assist a person skilled in the art in integrating prior knowledge to effectively implement the present invention.

[0103] In an aspect, when any of the APs determines that the primary channel is busy, instead of staying on the primary channel to wait for the idle primary channel, the AP and its associated STAs switches to the NPCA operation or in other words switch to non-primary channel and uses the idle secondary or non-primary channels to provide service to STAs until the primary channel becomes idle again. The operating channels may be the operational bandwidth of the BSS. In some examples, the AP may announce one or more primary channels within a management frame, such as a beacon or probe response frame. In other examples, the AP announces only a single primary channel in the management frame. In one or more examples, the AP also announces in a management frame such as a beacon frame or probe response frame the condition that a device switches to a non-primary channel. The condition may be based on the OBSS activity such as an OBSS TXOP duration of OBSS PPDU length. If the OBSS TXOP duration or OBSS PPDU length is longer than a threshold, a device switches to a non-primary channel. In one or more examples, all APs of a multiple BSSID set (or all APs of a co-hosted AP set) announces the same non-primary channels on their BSS operating channel. In one or more examples, the AP may only announce one non-primary channel besides the primary channel. In one or more examples, an AP without multiple BSSID support (or all the APs of a multiple BSSID set, or all APs of a co-hosted AP set) can only announce one same non primary channel besides the primary channel. In some examples, an AP without multiple BSSID support (or all the APs of a multiple BSSID set, or all APs of a co-hosted AP set) announce the same condition that a STA switches to non-primary channel after detecting the primary channel is busy. In some embodiments, such condition is the length threshold of the OBSS TXOP or OBSS PPDU. As illustrated in FIG. 2, one BSS operating channel may include non-primary channels 200a-2 through 200a-8, while another BSS operating channel may include non-primary channels 200b-1 through 200b-12 excluding 200b-3. Each of these channels may function as non-primary channels within their respective systems. In some embodiments, the backoff in the primary channel and the backoff in the non-primary channel use the parameters from the same Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) Parameter set. In some embodiments, the AP may announce various EDCA parameters for the non-primary channels to facilitate determining by the STA whether to use the non-primary channel for frame transmission when the primary channel is busy. The NPCA operation enables a BSS to temporarily switch to a non-primary channel for transmission, thereby alleviating congestion and improving channel access opportunities. The NPCA operation is a recognized technique and is described here in brief as it is known to a person skilled in the field of the art. Furthermore, the present disclosure focuses on scenarios where systems 101 and 102 utilize or manage operational bandwidth for NPCA (Non-Primary Channel Access) operations, particularly when one or more access points (APs) are configured to perform NPCA-related functions. Furthermore, the present disclosure focuses on scenarios where systems 101 and 102 utilize or manage operational bandwidth for NPCA (Non-Primary Channel Access) operations, particularly when one or more access points (APs) are configured to perform NPCA-related functions.

[0104] This aspect further, serves to contextualize the NPCA operation within the framework of known technologies, thereby illustrating the disclosed method. For example, Target wake time (TWT) operation is a feature of power management in WLAN networks. The TWT operation has been introduced in IEEE 802.11ah standard and later modified in IEEE 802.11ax standard. The TWT operation enables an AP to manage activity in the BSS to minimize contention between STAs and reduce the required wake times for STAs during the TWT operation. It may be achieved by allocating STAs to operate at non-overlapping times or frequencies and perform the frame exchange sequences in pre-scheduled Service Periods (SP). In TWT operation, a STA can wake up at pre-scheduled times that have been negotiated with an AP or another STA in the BSS. The STA does not need to be aware of TWT parameter values of other STAs within the BSS or of STAs in other BSSs. The STA does not need to be aware that a TWT Service Period (SP) is used to exchange frames with other STAs. Frames transmitted during a TWT SP can employ any PPDU (Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit) format supported by the pair of STAs that have established the corresponding TWT agreement, including, but not limited to, HE MU (High Efficiency Multi-User) PPDU, HE TB (High Efficiency Trigger Based) PPDU.IEEE 802.11 standard describes two types of TWT operations: individual TWT operation and broadcast TWT operation. In the individual TWT operation, an individual TWT agreement can be established between two STAs or between a STA and an AP. The negotiation for the individual TWT operation may occur between two STAs or between a STA and an AP on an individual basis. An AP may have TWT agreements with multiple STAs. Any changes in the TWT agreement between the AP and one STA do not affect the TWT agreement between the AP and other STAs. Further, Restricted TWT (R-TWT) operation is another important feature for the next generation WLAN. The R-TWT operation provides better support for latency sensitive applications. For instance, traffic in real time applications has stringent requirements in terms of latency and its jitter along with certain reliability constraint. Such traffic may be referred to as latency sensitive traffic in this disclosure. The R-TWT operation may offer a protected Service Period (SP) for R-TWT member STAs by sending quiet elements to non-member STAs in the BSS in the R-TWT schedule. In some implementations, a quiet interval of the quiet element overlaps with the initial portion of the R-TWT SP. Therefore, it may provide greater channel access opportunities to R-TWT member STAs than non-member STAs, thereby improving the flow of latency sensitive traffic. Interference from one BSS may often lead to performance issues for STAs and APs in neighboring BSSs. This interference may result in overall throughput degradation in the network. The Overlapping BSS (OBSS) interference may also increase the overall latency since it takes more time to access the channel due to the interference occupying the channel. If a STA in a BSS has latency-sensitive traffic, this delay in channel access may significantly impede the performance of the STA's latency-sensitive applications.

[0105] In a general aspect, NPCA can be initiated based on the Target Wake Time (TWT) or Restricted Target Wake Time (R-TWT) schedules of neighbouring OBSS transmissions. Specifically, the BSS may switch to a predefined non-primary channel at the beginning of a Service Period (SP), either proactively or in response to detecting OBSS R-TWT transmissions. This non-primary channel may be located within or outside the AP's operational bandwidth as discussed in the paragraphs above. In some embodiments, the APs may serve as be TWT or R-TWT scheduling APs in their respective BSSs. The APs participating in the TWT-based MAP coordination may directly exchange frames among the APs to negotiate the coordination. TWT sharing AP may refer to an AP that has or intends to have an TWT schedule or an TWT agreement in its BSS and initiates a TWT coordination procedure with APs in the OBSS for better protection of the TWT SP. The APs participating in the R-TWT-based MAP coordination may directly exchange frames among the APs to negotiate the coordination. R-TWT sharing AP may refer to an AP that has or intends to have an R-TWT schedule or an R-TWT agreement in its BSS and initiates a R-TWT coordination procedure with APs in the OBSS for better protection of the R-TWT SP.

[0106] Building upon the above illustration and the general aspects of the present disclosure, the invention is further elaborated in the subsequent figures.

[0107] The present disclosure focuses on scenarios where systems 101 and 102 utilize or manage operational bandwidth for NPCA operations, particularly when one or more APs are configured to perform NPCA-related functions.

[0108] The detailed description of the present method is illustrated through the method steps depicted from FIG. 4 onwards, as outlined in the upcoming paragraphs. These steps collectively define the operational sequence of the disclosed invention and serve to clarify its functional aspects.

[0109] Before moving to the functional aspect of the present disclosure, devices employing hardware configuration to implement the method steps is disclosed in the foregoing paragraphs in FIG.3 description below.

[0110] FIG.3 illustrates an example of hardware configuration of both APs and STAs, according to some embodiments of the invention.

[0111] In an embodiment, the communication device 300 may be a wireless device or device or may be an embodiment of the APs such as AP1, AP2 or multiple affiliated APs and or the STAs such as STA11, STA12, STA21, STA22 or multiple STAs associated with the APs. In an embodiment, the communication device 300 may be implemented to execute the method steps for indicating bandwidth of R-TWT operation in a Wi-Fi network.

[0112] In an embodiment, the communication device 300 may include processor 301 and a memory 302. The processor 301 and the memory are communicably configured to execute the method steps 400. Further the communication device 300 may also include antennas, RF transmitter and RF receiver circuitry or transceiver circuitry, microphone, speaker, input and output interface circuitry, touchscreen, display and or the like analog and digital circuitry employed or implemented to process the operations in the Wi-Fi network and the description of these is omitted here for the sake of brevity, as these components and related configuration is known to the person skill in the art. Furthermore, the hardware configuration of communication device 300 may be implemented with the components configured in the Wi-Fi network based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards.

[0113] In an embodiment, the processor 301 is embodied as an executor of software instructions stored. As such, the processor 301 is capable of executing the instructions stored in the memory 302 to perform one or more operations described herein. The processor 301 may be embodied as a multi-core processor, a single core processor, or a combination of one or more multi-core processors and one or more single core processors. For example, the processor 301 may be embodied as one or more of various processing devices, such as a coprocessor, a microprocessor, a controller, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a processing circuitry with or without an accompanying DSP, or various other processing devices including, a microcontroller unit (MCU), a hardware accelerator, a special-purpose computer chip, or the like. The processor 301 may also be known as controller is also capable of executing other processes and programs resident in the memory 302, such as operations for management of procedures in WLANs. The processor 301 can move data into or out of the memory 302 as required by an executing process. Further the processor 301 may be divided into multiple processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) or processors with distributed implementation of the processor 301, in different applications with same implemented method steps of the present disclosure.

[0114] Further in an embodiment, the memory 302 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations, information or instructions performed by the processor 301. The memory 302 may store software codes which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor 301, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, methods and / or operational flowcharts, sequence diagrams disclosed in the present disclosure. In an aspect, the memory 302 may be a RAM, a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a ROM, a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a memory card, a storage medium and / or other storage device and / or a combination thereof.

[0115] FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart illustrating a method 400 for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) SP based NPCA operation in a Wi-Fi network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0116] The method 400 may comprise one or more steps. Further, the order in which the method 400 is described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method blocks can be combined in any order to implement the method. Additionally, individual blocks may be deleted from the methods without departing from the scope of the subject matter described herein. Furthermore, the method can be implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof. Furthermore, the components or devices are discussed in detail, taking reference from FIG. 3, therefore omitted here for the sake of brevity. Further the processor 301 and the memory 302 are configured to execute the method 400 steps discussed below.

[0117] In one embodiment, the method 400 steps described below may be executed when both the systems 101 and the system 102 or either of the systems utilize or manage operational bandwidth for NPCA operations, particularly when one or more APs are configured to perform NPCA-related functions in OBSS Wi-Fi network.

[0118] Now getting in details of method 400 steps explaining the functional aspect of the present disclosure, the communication device 300 is configured to perform the following steps:

[0119] At step 401, method includes to determine a bandwidth of a R-TWT operation in an overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS) by a R-TWT active Access Point (AP) from a plurality of APs, operating in a primary channel.

[0120] The method step 401 further comprising an AP operating on a primary channel continuously determines R-TWT operation in an OBSS. transmissions occurring on the primary channel. This determination is performed by an R-TWT active AP, selected from a plurality of APs operating within a shared primary channel. The R-TWT active AP evaluates the available spectrum resources and identifies the specific bandwidth segment that can be utilized for R-TWT scheduling coordinating among neighboring APs within the OBSS. The bandwidth determination may also consider factors such as channel occupancy, interference levels, historical traffic patterns, and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements in an embodiment. For example, considering the Wi-Fi network 100 as shown in FIG. 1 comprising multiple OBSS such as the system 101 and the system 102. Each system may include a plurality of APs operating on a shared primary channel, such as AP1 using primary channel 200a-1 and AP2 using primary channel 200b-3 , whereas both the APs may have overlapped primary channel 200a-1 with the 200b-3. In this aspect the AP1 within system 101 may be configured as an R-TWT active AP. During operation, AP1 initiates a bandwidth determination process to support R-TWT scheduling. It scans the OBSS environment to identify active transmissions, interference levels, and channel utilization metrics across the shared primary channel. Based on this analysis, AP1 determines that a 40 MHz bandwidth segment comprising 200a-1 and 200a-2 within the primary channel is available and suitable for R-TWT operation. This bandwidth may then be selected to minimize contention and ensure reliable time and bandwidth scheduling for associated client devices. AP1 then configures the R-TWT parameters accordingly and transmits the determined to participating APs. However, the foregoing example is not intended to limit the scope of the invention with respect to the configuration of an R-TWT active Access Point, selection of R-TWT active AP or the selection of any specific bandwidth or segment within any system. The example is provided solely for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as restrictive.

[0121] Further at step 401, the method 400 enhances channel utilization and coordination among multiple Access Points (MAPs) operating in overlapping frequency bands. In a Wi-Fi network comprising a plurality of APs, some APs may operate on non-primary channels to reduce congestion and improve spectrum efficiency.

[0122] Further, at method step 402, based on the determining as depicted in step 401, the determined bandwidth is included in the bandwidth information. For example, the bandwidth information may be the 200a-1 and 200a-2 channel information that is included in the bandwidth information.

[0123] The method step 402 further includes transmitting, by an R-TWT active AP, bandwidth information associated with a R-TWT operation to at least one OBSS AP. The transmission occurs within the context of Multi-AP (MAP) coordination communication. The OBSS AP receiving the bandwidth information may operate in a non-primary channel, which may be either within or outside the operating bandwidth of the R-TWT active AP. The bandwidth information transmitted by the R-TWT active AP enables coordinated scheduling and resource allocation across multiple APs in a dense wireless environment. This coordination helps mitigate interference and ensures efficient utilization of available spectrum resources during R-TWT operations. The transmission of bandwidth information further comprises indicating a specific Service Period (SP) during which the identified bandwidth is reserved for R-TWT operation in the primary channel. The service period may be defined in terms of start time, duration, and recurrence pattern, allowing OBSS APs to align their operations accordingly and avoid overlapping transmissions during the R-TWT session. The bandwidth information may be encapsulated in an Information Element (IE). The IE may be included in a MAP coordination frame or other management frames exchanged between APs. The IE structure may contain fields specifying the bandwidth size, channel identifiers, service period parameters, and other relevant metadata required for effective coordination. This approach facilitates dynamic and adaptive bandwidth management in multi-AP environments, particularly in scenarios involving NPCA.

[0124] For example, the IE construction may include two fields which are shown in Table 6 below:

[0125] R-TWT parameters (may include R-TWT identifier)R-TWT Operation bandwidth informationExpected Value: Yes / NoExpected value: Bandwidth information of R-TWT operation

[0126] Table 6 represents one field indicating a R-TWT parameters that may include R-TWT identifier. For example, if the expected value is a binary indicator '1' or '0' respectively for　Yes　or　No, denoting the presence or absence of a R-TWT parameters. Further, in another field, defines the bandwidth information or the channel information used during the R-TWT operation. These fields may also constitute the field to indicate the SP of the R-TWT operation (not shown in table) in seconds. The fields are not limiting, and more fields may be added to indicate the information related to additional metadata as discussed above.In an aspect, during a MAP coordination session for example, in a high-density enterprise Wi-Fi network 100, AP1 is operating on a primary channel (e.g., Channel 200a-3) to serve a specific floor in a building. AP2　operates on the non-primary channel (e.g., Channel 200b-5) and periodically broadcast OBSS R-TWT schedules to coordinate service periods for their associated STAs. AP1 determines sub-channels 200a-1 and 200a-2 for an upcoming R-TWT operation. It then transmits this bandwidth information to AP2 using a MAP coordination frame. The frame includes an　Information Element (IE)　that encapsulates bandwidth size e.g. 40 MHz or bandwidth information channel 200a-1 and 200a-2, SP during which the bandwidth will be used by the AP1 e.g. 100ms and or may include metadata such as priority level or expected traffic type. Upon receiving this IE information, AP2 adjusts its transmission schedule to avoid interference during the specified SP. The AP2 may utilize one of the subchannels except 200b-3 and 200b-4 as a non-primary channel to use NPCA, as the subchannels 200b-3 and 200b-4 may be the overlapping channels in OBSS system. This coordination ensures that devices associated with AP1 to perform R-TWT operations with minimal contention, while AP2 maintains efficient operation in its own non-primary channel with its related STAs.

[0127] The method 400 is further illustrated with a sequence diagram having device components of FIG.1 are discussed in forgoing paragraph with referring to FIG.5.

[0128] Referring to FIG.5, at step 500, Access Point 1 (AP1) also known as R-TWT active AP determines the bandwidth to be used for the upcoming R-TWT operation within the OBSS.

[0129] Further in sequence of steps, at step 501, AP1 transmits the determined bandwidth via MAP coordination. AP1 transmits the determined R-TWT bandwidth information to AP2 using AP-to-AP communication. This may include bandwidth size, channel ID, and Service Period (SP).

[0130] Further at step 502, AP2 communicates a Non-Primary Channel Access (NPCA) switch schedule to its associated stations (STA21 and STA22), based on the bandwidth information received from AP1.

[0131] Further at step 503, Downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) data transmission occurs between AP1 and its associated stations during the designated R-TWT service period. For example, AP1 and ST12 may communicate in R-TWT SP.

[0132] The aspects described above, as well as throughout this disclosure, are not intended to be limiting with respect to the number of Access Points (APs), Stations (STAs), Multiple Access Points (MAPs), primary channels, or non-primary channels involved. Furthermore, any time durations or intervals and bandwidth information mentioned are merely illustrative and should not be construed as restrictive in any way.

[0133] The method 400 described above may be implemented by components or communication devices within the Wi-Fi network 100 in the above illustrated embodiments, particularly when the Access Point (AP) operates within or outside the operational bandwidth shared by one or more APs from a plurality of APs functioning on the primary channel. For example, the method 400 may be implemented to dense network environment where multiple APs may be operating on the same primary channel bandwidth supporting　channel coordination,　load balancing, or　interference mitigation. The AP must be aware of its　channel environment　and possibly collaborate with other APs to ensure efficient use of the spectrum.

[0134] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart illustrating another method 600 for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) SP based NPCA operation in a Wi-Fi network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0135] The method 600 may comprise one or more steps. Further, the order in which the method 600 is described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method blocks can be combined in any order to implement the method. Additionally, individual blocks may be deleted from the methods without departing from the scope of the subject matter described herein. Furthermore, the method can be implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof. Furthermore, the components or devices are discussed in detail, taking reference from FIG. 3, therefore omitted here for the sake of brevity. Further the processor 301 and the memory 302 are configured to execute the method 400 steps discussed below.

[0136] In one embodiment, the method 600 steps described below may be executed when both the systems 101 and the system 102 or either of the systems utilize or manage operational bandwidth for NPCA operations, particularly when one or more APs are configured to perform NPCA-related functions in OBSS Wi-Fi network.

[0137] Now getting in details of method 600 steps explaining the functional aspect of the present disclosure, the communication device 300 is configured to perform the following steps:

[0138] At step 601, method includes to determine a bandwidth of a R-TWT operation in an overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS) by a R-TWT active Access Point (AP) from a plurality of APs, operating in a primary channel.

[0139] The method step 601 further comprising an AP operating on a primary channel continuously determines R-TWT operation in an OBSS. transmissions occurring on the primary channel. This determination is performed by an R-TWT active AP, selected from a plurality of APs operating within a shared primary channel. The R-TWT active AP evaluates the available spectrum resources and identifies the specific bandwidth segment that can be utilized for R-TWT scheduling coordinating among neighboring APs within the OBSS. The bandwidth determination may also consider factors such as channel occupancy, interference levels, historical traffic patterns, and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements in an embodiment.

[0140] Further, at method step 602, based on the determining as depicted in step 401, the determined bandwidth is included in the broadcast message.

[0141] The method step 602 further includes embedding bandwidth information　related to a R-TWT Service Period (SP) operation within a　broadcast message　generated by an R-TWT active AP. This broadcast message is intended for dissemination to one or more OBSS APs selected from a plurality of APs operating in the wireless environment. The R-TWT active AP may operate in a primary channel and determine the bandwidth segment allocated for the R-TWT SP. The broadcast message includes this bandwidth information to facilitate coordination among neighboring APs, especially those operating in　non-primary channels, which may be either　within or outside　the operating bandwidth of the R-TWT active AP.

[0142] For example, the broadcast message may include IE, the broadcast message extension may include fields which as shown in Table 7 and Table 8 below:

[0143] Extended R-TWT Broadcast informationR-TWT broadcast informationIE to indicate R-TWT Bandwidth informationEnable / Disable

[0144] IE to indicate R-TWT bandwidth informationR-TWT operation BandwidthYes / No

[0145] Table 7 and Table 8 represent R-TWT broadcast information to include an IE indicating the R-TWT operation bandwidth. This information can be passively used by other APs / BSS around to provide protection. The fields shown are not limiting, and more fields may be added to indicate the information related to additional metadata as discussed above.

[0146] Further, at method step 603, the broadcast message with IE information is transmitted by the R-TWT active AP to its related clients such as associated STAs and or the OBSS APs. The reception by the related STAs and OBSS APs enables them to adjust with the frequency and time and minimize interference in R-TWT operation even if in overlapping dense Wi-Fi environment. The IE may be structured according to IEEE 802.11 standards and embedded within beacon frames, management frames used in communication.

[0147] The method 600 is further illustrated with a sequence diagram having device components of FIG.1 are discussed in forgoing paragraph with referring to FIG.7.

[0148] Referring to FIG.7, at step 700, Access Point 1 (AP1) also known as R-TWT active AP determines the bandwidth to be used for the upcoming R-TWT operation within the OBSS.

[0149] Further in sequence of steps, at step 701, AP1 transmit the determined broadcast message including bandwidth information in IE. AP1 transmits the determined R-TWT bandwidth information to AP2 and STA11 and STA12. This may include bandwidth size, channel ID, and Service Period (SP) as discussed above.

[0150] Further at step 702, AP2 communicates a Non-Primary Channel Access (NPCA) switch schedule to its associated stations (STA21 and STA22), based on the bandwidth information and SP or time information received from AP1.

[0151] Further at step 703, Downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) data transmission occurs between AP1 and its associated stations during the designated R-TWT service period. For example, AP1 and ST12 may communicate in R-TWT SP.

[0152] The aspects described above, as well as throughout this disclosure, are not intended to be limiting with respect to the number of Access Points (APs), Stations (STAs), Multiple Access Points (MAPs), primary channels, or non-primary channels involved. Furthermore, any time durations or intervals and bandwidth information mentioned are merely illustrative and should not be construed as restrictive in any way.

[0153] The method 600 described above may be implemented by components or communication devices within the Wi-Fi network 100 in the above illustrated embodiments, particularly when the Access Point (AP) operates within or outside the operational bandwidth shared by one or more APs from a plurality of APs functioning on the primary channel. For example, the method 600 may be implemented to dense network environment where multiple APs may be operating on the same primary channel bandwidth supporting　channel coordination,　load balancing, or　interference mitigation. The AP must be aware of its　channel environment　and possibly collaborate with other APs to ensure efficient use of the spectrum.

[0154] The bandwidth indication along with SP indication illustrated in the method steps 600 and the method steps 700 allows multiple APs and STAs in multi-Wi-Fi environment or dynamic network, to dynamically utilize the primary channel, improving overall network efficiency and responsiveness.

[0155] Further taking reference from FIG. 4 onwards, for the reception of bandwidth information at OBSS AP and further transmitting to the associated STAs is further illustrated in method 800 in forgoing paragraphs. The brief description of the method 800 may be found in sequence steps 502 and 702 of FIG. 5 and FIG.7 respectively.

[0156] FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart illustrating a method 800 for indicating bandwidth of Restricted Target wake Up Time (R-TWT) SP based NPCA operation in a Wi-Fi network in accordance with some other embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0157] The method 800 may comprise one or more steps. Further, the order in which the method 400 is described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method blocks can be combined in any order to implement the method. Additionally, individual blocks may be deleted from the methods without departing from the scope of the subject matter described herein. Furthermore, the method can be implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof. Furthermore, the components or devices are discussed in detail, taking reference from FIG. 3, therefore omitted here for the sake of brevity. Further the processor 301 and the memory 302 are configured to execute the method 800 steps discussed below.

[0158] In one embodiment, the method 800 steps described below may be executed when both the systems 101 and the system 102 or either of the systems utilize or manage operational bandwidth for NPCA operations, particularly when one or more APs are configured to perform NPCA-related functions in OBSS Wi-Fi network.

[0159] Now getting in details of method 800 steps explaining the functional aspect of the present disclosure, the communication device 300 is configured to perform the following steps:

[0160] At step 801, method includes the method includes　receiving, by an Overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS) Access Point (AP), bandwidth information associated with a Restricted Target Wake Time (R-TWT) operation. The OBSS AP is selected from a plurality of APs operating within a wireless communication environment. The bandwidth information is received from an R-TWT active AP that operates in a　primary channel　and has scheduled an R-TWT Service Period (SP) for its associated stations. The received bandwidth information may include parameters such as the channels such as 200a-1 or the like, bandwidth size (e.g., 20 MHz, 40 MHz), and the timing details of the R-TWT SP. This information is typically transmitted via a broadcast message or a Multi-AP (MAP) coordination frame and may be encapsulated within an Information Element (IE) structured according to IEEE 802.11 standards.

[0161] Further at method step 802 the OBSS AP proceeds to　transmit　the bandwidth information to one or more　Stations (STAs)　associated with it. This transmission is carried out as part of the configuration of　Non-Primary Channel Access (NPCA) parameters, which govern how the STAs operate in a　non-primary channel. The non-primary channel may be either　within or outside　the operating bandwidth of the R-TWT active AP. The NPCA parameters communicated to the STAs may include the time intervals during which the STAs should avoid transmission to prevent interference with the R-TWT SP, the adjusted transmission schedule for the STAs and or the channel switching instructions, if applicable. This method allows coordinated approach ensures that STAs associated with the OBSS AP do not interfere with the R-TWT operation of the primary AP, thereby enhancing coexistence, reducing contention, and improving overall network efficiency in dense deployment scenarios.

[0162] The bandwidth information transmitted by the OBSS APs may be transmitted in IE information. For example, the IE construction may include fields which are shown in Table 9 below:

[0163] Extended NPCA parametersNPCA parametersR-TWT Operation bandwidth informationExpected Value: Enable / Disable

[0164] Table 9 represents one field indicating a R-TWT parameters that may include NPCA parameters that are known in art and not explained here for the sake of brevity. For example, if the expected value is a enable or disable, denoting the presence or absence of a R-TWT parameters. Further, in another field, defines the bandwidth information or the channel information used during the R-TWT operation. These fields may also constitute the field to indicate the SP of the R-TWT operation (not shown in table) in seconds. The fields are not limiting, and more fields may be added to indicate the information related to additional metadata as discussed above.While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments may be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

1.A method performed by an access point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of restricted target wake up time (R-TWT) operation in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system, the method comprising:determining a bandwidth for an R-TWT operation in an overlapping basic service set (OBSS), while the AP is active in an R-TWT operation and operates in a primary channel; andtransmitting, to at least one OBSS AP, bandwidth information related to an R-TWT operation for a multi-AP (MAP) coordination communication, wherein the at least one OBSS AP operates on a non-primary channel within or outside an operating bandwidth of the AP.2.The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the bandwidth information further comprises:indicating a service period (SP) for which the bandwidth is used for the R-TWT operation in the primary channel.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the bandwidth is provided in an information element (IE) for carrying the bandwidth information.4.The method of claim 1, further comprising:including the bandwidth information in a broadcast message of an R-TWT service period (SP) operation,wherein the bandwidth information is transmitted in the broadcast message.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the broadcast message includes an IE carrying the bandwidth information.6.An access point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of restricted target wake up time (R-TWT) operation in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system, the AP comprising:a transceiver;at least one processor; andmemory, storing processor executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor individually or collectively, cause the AP to:determine a bandwidth for an R-TWT operation in an overlapping basic service set (OBSS), while the AP is active in an R-TWT operation and operates in a primary channel; andtransmit, to at least one OBSS AP, bandwidth information related to an R-TWT operation for a multi-AP (MAP) coordination communication, wherein the at least one OBSS AP operates on a non-primary channel within or outside an operating bandwidth of the AP.7.The AP of claim 6, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor individually or collectively, cause the AP to indicate a service period (SP) for which the bandwidth is used for an R-TWT operation in the primary channel.8.The AP of claim 6, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor individually or collectively, cause the AP to transmit the bandwidth information as part of an information element (IE).9.The AP of claim 6, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor individually or collectively, cause the AP to:include the bandwidth information in a broadcast message of an R-TWT service period (SP) operation, andtransmit the broadcast message including the bandwidth information.10.The AP of claim 9, wherein the broadcast message includes an IE carrying the bandwidth information.11.A method performed by an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) access point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of restricted target wake up time (R-TWT) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system, the method comprising:receiving, from an AP that is active in an R-TWT operation and operates in a primary channel, bandwidth information related to an R-TWT operation in an OBSS; andtransmitting, to at least one station (STA) associated with the OBSS AP, the bandwidth information as part of non-primary channel access (NPCA) parameters for operating in a non-primary channel within or outside an operating bandwidth of the AP.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the bandwidth information is provided in an information element (IE) for carrying R-TWT bandwidth information.13.The method of claim 11, wherein the bandwidth information is received via one of, a multi-AP (MAP) communication or a broadcast message.14.An overlapping basic service set (OBSS) access point (AP) for indicating bandwidth of restricted target wake up time (R-TWT) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system, the AP comprising:a transceiver;at least one processor; andmemory, storing processor executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor individually or collectively, cause the OBSS AP to:receive, from an AP that is active in an R-TWT operation and operates in a primary channel, bandwidth information related to an R-TWT operation in an OBSS; andtransmit, to at least one station (STA) associated with the OBSS AP, the bandwidth information as part of non-primary channel access (NPCA) parameters for operating in a non-primary channel within or outside an operating bandwidth of the AP.15.The OBSS AP of claim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor individually or collectively, cause the OBSS AP to transmit the bandwidth information as part of an information element (IE).

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