Apparatus for harvesting aquatic animals

Abstract

An apparatus for harvesting aquatic animals has a lengthener (100), the lengthener having an opening (103); a first portion (100a) extending rearward from the opening (103), wherein the first portion comprises one or more escapements (102); and a second portion (100b) extending rearward from the first portion (100a) to a closed back (105) of the lengthener. The lengthener (100) has a restriction, the restriction configured to be released upon actuation of a release mechanism (108), such that the second portion (100b) partially or entirely expands following actuation of the release mechanism (108).

Description

APPARATUS FOR HARVESTING AQUATIC ANIMALS

[0001] This application claims priority from New Zealand provisional application number 816051 filed on 4 November 2024, entitled 'Apparatus for Harvesting Aquatic Animals', the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present invention generally relates to an apparatus for harvesting aquatic animals. More particularly, the present invention relates to said apparatus comprising features in consideration to selectivity and quality of the catch during harvesting.BACKGROUND

[0003] Aquatic animal harvesting apparatuses such as fishing and trawling bags or nets traditionally comprise the bag or net being towed or hauled under water by a vessel. The bags or nets comprise a front end with an opening into the bag mouth, a closed end, and a lengthener or extension between the front and closed end of the bag or net to provide the required volume of the net. The bags or nets are traditionally made of highly porous material in order to provide areas where the water can pass through as the bag or net is towed or hauled behind a vessel or vessels.

[0004] Traditionally, the bags or nets are designed to be high strength and have a high porosity to water. During towing, a large volume of water flows through the entire length of the net, and aquatic animals are transported by the flow towards end of the net and / or are progressively herded into the centre of the trawl / seine net due to the visual and auditory stimuli of the sweeps, bridles and netting moving through the water.

[0005] The animals which are larger than the size of the holes in the porous material of the bag or net are retained in the bag or net while the animals which are smaller than the size of the holes in the porous material of the bag or net can potentially pass through the holes. The size of the holes in the porous material of the bag or net can be configured to a target catch profile in terms of size and species.

[0006] Once the trawling process has been determined to be complete, the catch is lifted out of the water onto the vessel and released from the closed end for processing, either as retained catch or catch that can, or must, be returned overboard. The most critical performance metric for fishing gear is its ability to deliver an optimal catch profile in terms of the species and size captured together with a minimal negative effect on catch that escapes the gear. For retained catch that will be consumed as food or processed into other biological materials, the performance of the fishing gear is measured by the degree of damage to attributes important to economic potential of the harvested biomass, or limits on the ability to process catch to the highest desired product grade. For catch that is returned overboard, the performance of the fishing gear is measured by the potential for released catch to survive with minimal injury. Of increasing importance is the performance of the fishing gear in terms of minimizing negative ecological and animal welfare outcomes.

[0007] The performance of fishing gear is of high importance as it has multiple downstream effects on the economic potential and profitability of fishing, the ecological impacts arising from fishing, and at a societal scale it influences the social and regulatory acceptance and persistence of fishing.

[0008] There therefore exists a need to provide an apparatus which provides improved aquatic animal harvesting performance.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for harvesting aquatic animals comprising a lengthened the lengthener comprising: an opening; a first portion extending rearward from the opening, wherein the first portion comprises one or more escapements; and a second portion extending rearward from the first portion to a closed back of the lengthener;wherein the lengthener comprises a restriction, the restriction configured to be released upon actuation of a release mechanism, such that the second portion partially or entirely expands following actuation of the release mechanism.

[0010] In some configurations, the restriction is provided by the second portion being in at least a partially rolled up arrangement.

[0011] In some configurations, the restriction is provided by the second portion being in a fully rolled up arrangement.

[0012] In some configurations, the restriction is a pursed or cinched region of the lengthener.

[0013] In some configurations, the restriction is a twisted region of the lengthener.

[0014] In some configurations, the restriction is provided by the second portion being in at least a partially folded arrangement.

[0015] In some configurations, the restriction is provided by the second portion being in a fully folded arrangement.

[0016] In some configurations, the restriction is provided between the first portion and the second portion.

[0017] In some configurations, the restriction is configured such that the ability of caught aquatic animal(s) to pass through the restriction is reduced or caught aquatic animals are entirely restricted from passing through the restriction from the first portion to the second portion.

[0018] In some configurations, the second portion comprises a material that is substantially impervious to water.

[0019] In some configurations, the one or more escapements are one or more of: a hole; a slit; an aperture; and / or a slot.

[0020] In some configurations, the one or more escapements comprise a plurality of escapements of different sizes and / or different types.

[0021] In some configurations, the one or more escapements comprise a plurality of identical escapements.

[0022] In some configurations, the restriction is provided by any one or more of: a line; a latch; a clip; a ring; a catch; and / or a magnetic, hydraulic, elastic, or electronic lock.

[0023] In some configurations, the release mechanism is actuated by: a physical release mechanism; a wired release mechanism; a remote release mechanism; a timer; and / or a sensor.

[0024] In some configurations, the release mechanism comprises a mechanical release system and / or an electromechanical release system.

[0025] In some configurations, the mechanical release system comprises any one or more of: a 2-ring release system mounted on a plate comprising a smaller ring and a larger ring; a mechatronic actuator to release the smaller ring from its locked position; an acoustic transducer for communication with the vessel; and / or a ruggedised housing.

[0026] In some configurations, the release mechanism is located outside the lengthener.

[0027] In some configurations, the first and second portions correspond to at least a first and second panel.

[0028] In some configurations, the first and second panel are attached by at least a first join.

[0029] In some configurations, the restriction is provided at or near the first join.

[0030] In some configurations, the first and second portions further comprise two or more portions, wherein the two or more portions define a top of the lengthener and a bottom of the lengthener.

[0031] In some configurations, a third panel corresponds to the top of the lengthener and a fourth panel corresponds to the bottom of the lengthener.

[0032] In some configurations, the fourth panel of the lengthener comprises a more durable material than the third panel of the lengthener.

[0033] In some configurations, the third panel of the lengthener and the fourth panel of lengthener are separable.

[0034] In some configurations, the third and fourth panel are attached by at least a second join.

[0035] In some configurations, the first join provides a first water escape pathway and / or a / the second join provides a second water pathway, the first and / or second water escape pathway controls an amount of water which is retained in the lengthener.

[0036] In some configurations, the lengthener further comprises a catch monitoring device or system located inside or outside the lengthener.

[0037] In some configurations, the catch monitoring device or system is associated with, or configured to communicate with, the release mechanism.

[0038] In some configurations, the catch monitoring device is a camera or a sensor, the sensor associated with a transmission device to provide data to a receiver.

[0039] In some configurations, the lengthener is configured to be used with additional attachments and / or comprises equipment integrated into the lengthener, wherein the additional attachment(s) and / or equipment alter the internal shape of the lengthener in use.

[0040] In some configurations, the additional attachments and / or equipment comprises any one or more of:a baton of flexible material; internal or external ropes or cables; and / or a floatation device and / or a weight.

[0041] In some configurations, further comprising a second release mechanism, the second release mechanism configured to open the closed back of the lengthener.

[0042] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for harvesting aquatic animals comprising a lengthener, the lengthener comprising: an opening; a first end comprising or connected to the opening; a second, closed end; a first portion corresponding to a first panel, the first portion extending from the first end to the second end and defining a top of the lengthener; and a second portion corresponding to a second panel, the second portion extending from the first end to the second end and defining a bottom of the lengthener; wherein the first panel and second panel are attached by a first join, and wherein the first join provides a first water escape pathway, the water escape pathway configured to control an amount of water which is retained in the lengthener in use.

[0043] In some configurations, the first join is adjustable in tightness to adjust the first water escape pathway.

[0044] In some configurations, the tightness of the first join is controlled by a release mechanism.

[0045] In some configurations, the type of the first join is selected to adjust the first water escape pathway.

[0046] In some configurations, the shape of the first join is selected to adjust the first water escape pathway.

[0047] In some configurations, the second panel of the lengthener comprises a more durable material than the first panel of the lengthener.

[0048] In some configurations, the first panel of the lengthener and the second panel of the lengthener are separable.

[0049] In some configurations, the first and second portions further comprise two or more portions, wherein the two or more portions define a front of the lengthener and a back of the lengthener.

[0050] In some configurations, a third panel corresponds to the front of the lengthener and a fourth panel corresponds to the back of the lengthener.

[0051] In some configurations, the third and fourth panel are attached by at least a second join, wherein the second join provides a second water escape pathway, the second water escape pathway further controls the amount of water which is retained in the lengthener.

[0052] In some configurations, the second join is adjustable in tightness to adjust the second water escape pathway.

[0053] In some configurations, the tightness of the second join is controlled by a release mechanism.

[0054] In some configurations, the type of the second join is selected to adjust the second water escape pathway.

[0055] In some configurations, the shape of the second join is selected to adjust the second water escape pathway.

[0056] The term 'comprising' as used in this specification and claims means 'consisting at least in part of'. When interpreting statements in this specification and claims which include the term 'comprising', other features besides the features prefaced by this term in each statement can also be present. Related terms such as 'comprise' and 'comprised' are to be interpreted in a similar manner.

[0057] It is intended that reference to a range of numbers disclosed herein (for example, 1 to 10) also incorporates reference to all rational numbers within that range (for example, 1, 1.1, 2, 3, 3.9, 4, 5, 6, 6.5, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and also any range of rational numberswithin that range (for example, 2 to 8, 1.5 to 5.5 and 3.1 to 4.7) and, therefore, all sub-ranges of all ranges expressly disclosed herein are hereby expressly disclosed. These are only examples of what is specifically intended and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value enumerated are to be considered to be expressly stated in this application in a similar manner.

[0058] This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.

[0059] As used herein the term '(s)' following a noun means the plural and / or singular form of that noun.

[0060] As used herein the term 'and / or' means 'and' or 'or', or where the context allows both.

[0061] The invention consists in the foregoing and also envisages constructions of which the following gives examples only.

[0062] The following describes some practical options to improve current designs.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings of several embodiments, which embodiments are intended to illustrate and not to limit the invention, and in which figures:

[0064] Figure 1 shows a lengthener comprising multiple panels.

[0065] Figure 2 shows a lengthener comprising a single panel.

[0066] Figure 3 shows a lengthener in use during towing or hauling.

[0067] Figure 4 shows exemplary escapements on the lengthener.

[0068] Figure 5 shows an exemplary escapement.

[0069] Figure 6 shows an exemplary escapement.

[0070] Figure 7 shows a lengthener comprising multiple panels.

[0071] Figure 8 shows a lengthener with an exemplary restriction.

[0072] Figure 9 shows a lengthener with an exemplary restriction.

[0073] Figure 10 shows a lengthener with an exemplary attachment or equipment.

[0074] Figure 11 shows a lengthener with an exemplary attachment or equipment.

[0075] Figure 12 shows a lengthener with an exemplary attachment or equipment.

[0076] Figure 13 shows a lengthener with an exemplary restriction in use.

[0077] Figure 14 shows a lengthener after an actuation of a release mechanism to release the restriction.

[0078] Figure 15 shows an exemplary release mechanism.

[0079] Figure 16 shows an exemplary actuator of the release mechanism.

[0080] Figure 17 shows exemplary communication methods.

[0081] Figure 18 shows a lengthener with an additional release mechanism once actuated.

[0082] Figure 19 shows the cross section of a lengthener after the additional release mechanism has been actuated.

[0083] Figure 20 shows and exemplary restriction.

[0084] Figure 21 shows a close up view of part of the exemplary restriction.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0085] As described above, certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention relate to providing an apparatus for harvesting aquatic animals.

[0086] Figure 1 shows an apparatus for harvesting aquatic animals comprising an extension or lengthener 100. The lengthener 100 can replace the lengthener or cod end of, or for use with, a fishing or trawling net. Alternatively, the lengthener 100 can be used without the fishing or trawling net.

[0087] When the lengthener 100 is being used as a replacement of the cod end of a fishing or trawling net, and as shown in Figure 3, the lengthener 100 may be connected by its front end to the body 65 of the fishing or trawling net 65. The body 65 of the fishing ortrawling net may be operatively connected to diverging sweep wings 63 which, in turn, may be operatively connected to vessel(s) capable of traversing water by ropes or cables 61.

[0088] When the lengthener 100 is being used without the fishing or trawling net, the lengthener 100 may be operatively connected to vessel(s) capable of traversing water by ropes or cables. The lengthener 100 can be operatively connected to the diverging sweep wings 63 which are in turn operatively connected to the vessel(s), such that the net 65 is not present.

[0089] The diverging sweep wings can assist with directing aquatic animals into the lengthener 100.

[0090] The vessel(s) can be any suitable type of vessel(s) that is / are capable of traversing water. For example, as shown in Figure 3, the vessel may be a fishing vessel, or may be a different type of boat or buoyant vessel that can traverse water to two the apparatus.

[0091] The ropes or cables 61 are fed through winch or pulley systems which are used to deliver the lengthener 100 and / or the fishing or trawling net from the vessel into the water for use, wherein the lengthener 100 is towed behind the vessel for aggregation or collection of aquatic animals. The winch or pulley system is also used to pull the lengthener 100 out of the water upon completion of the harvesting process. At completion, the lengthener 100 is drawn back in towards the vessel where it can either be hauled onboard for unloading the catch, or it can be unloaded while submerged through the use of a vesselside coupling and unloading system.

[0092] Examples of aquatic animal harvesting apparatuses and methods for operating such apparatuses are disclosed in US9420772B2 and WO2017048134A1, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. The lengthener 100 may have any one or more of the features and functionality disclosed in those specifications.

[0093] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the lengthener 100 has a first, front end 104 and a second, cod end or back end 105. Located at the first, front end 104 is an opening 103, which attaches to the fishing or trawling net when the lengthener 100 is being used with the fishing or trawling net. The front end 104 provides an opening for the lengthener 100 whenthe lengthener 100 is being used with a fishing or trawling net or without a fishing or trawling net. The opening 103 is located closest to the vessel, such that as the vessel is moved at speed the lengthener 100 is towed or hauled which causes the hydrodynamic forcing of water through the opening 103, such that the lengthener 100 is inflated.

[0094] The opening 103 can have a leading portion 130 with a greater diameter than the remainder of the lengthener 100, resulting in a truncated cone geometry for the forward section of lengthener 100. Water flow through the truncated cone induced by towing or hauling generates a zone of increased water pressure and the surrounding lengthener 100 material may adopt an expanded attitude in cross section as it evenly distributes the forces generated from the pressure differential on either side of the material. This is one mechanism by which the lengthener 100 is able to achieve a cylindrical geometry when moved through the water.

[0095] The lengthener 100 can comprise a single portion or multiple portions. The lengthener 100 can be formed by a single panel and thereby define a unitary lengthener comprising the single portion or multiple portions as shown in Figure 2 or can be formed by multiple panels which can comprise and / or correspond to the single or multiple portions as shown in Figure 1. The multiple panels can be joined by transverse, lengthwise, or otherwise orientated joins. The lengthener 100 can comprise more material surface area than void space when stretched two dimensionally.

[0096] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the lengthener 100 comprises at least two portions 100a and 100b. The at least two portions each extend part way along the length of the lengthener. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a first of the portions is a forward portion 100a, the forward portion 100a starting from the front end 104 or starting part way along the lengthener 100, either from the back end of the leading portion 130 or otherwise, and extending at least some way along the length of the lengthener 100 towards the back end 105. As also shown in Figures 1 and 2, a second portion is a back portion 100b, the back portion 100b adjacent to the forward portion 100a and extending the remainder of the length of the lengthener 100 towards the back end 105. As also shown in Figure 1, the lengthener 100 can comprise multiple panels, the multiple panels comprising the forwardportion 100a and back portion 100b, the multiple panels being joined at least at transverse join 106.

[0097] As shown further in Figures 1 and 2, the forward portion 100a can be formed of a porous material or comprise one or more escapements 102. The escapements 102 can be one or more of a hole, slit, slot, or apertures. In some configurations, at least a major part of side wall(s) of the forward portion 100a comprise(s) a material that is substantially impervious to water. Optionally, substantially the entire side wall(s) of the forward portion 100a comprise(s) a material that is substantially impervious to water, other than the escapements 102. Exemplary materials are described below.

[0098] The escapements 102 may be configured as escapement holes or macroscopic void spaces which can be formed during the manufacturing process. The escapements 102 are sized, shaped and positioned to exploit anthropometric and behavioural characteristics of various aquatic animals to enable the lengthener 100 to have species and size selectivity. The escapements 102 exploit such characteristics by way of their size, appearance to the animals, and by the flow rates and flow patterns they generate as the lengthener 100 is towed through the water.

[0099] Each escapement 102 allows the passage of aquatic animals smaller than the escapement 102 to exit from the interior of the apparatus to the exterior of the apparatus, through the escapement 102. The escapements 102 can be sized to allow the passage of young or undersized aquatic animals, or unwanted species, but prevent the passage of animals that are commercially useful.

[0100] The escapements 102 may comprise slits, slots, or other openings and may comprise straight and / or curved portions. Figures 4-6 show several possible exemplary escapements 41, 42, 43, 45, 47. The escapements 102 are formed by cutting slits, slots, or other openings in the lengthener 100. Any one or more escapement modules may comprise a plurality of escapements of different sizes and / or different type. Alternatively, any one or more escapement modules may comprise a plurality of identical escapements. Because the walls comprise a flexible membrane, the modules are very easy to customize or optimise andescapements can be easily shaped, sized and positioned as desired for selectivity of the lengthener 100.

[0101] In use, a portion of the water which is forced into the lengthener can escape through the one or more escapements 102 while another portion of the water remains in the lengthener 100 such that the lengthener 100 remains inflated. Further, any aquatic animals of which are smaller in size than and / or correspond to the shape of the one or more escapements 102 can also escape through one or more escapements 102 as the water passes through. Any aquatic animals of which are larger than and / or do not correspond to the shape of the one or more escapements 102 are unable to escape through said escapements 102 and are contained in the lengthener 100 as water enters the lengthener through opening 103.

[0102] The location, number, and / or size of escapements 102 can be varied vertically and / or horizontally to optimise the species and size selectivity for any given fishery. In some configurations the amount of void space provided by the escapements 102 is less than 50% of the material surface for any vertical or horizontal direction around or along the lengthener 100. This differentiates the lengthener 100 from a bag made of mesh-like material. A smaller size of escapements 102 reduces the size of aquatic animals which can pass through the escapements 102, thereby increasing the variation of species and sizes of aquatic animals of which are contained in the lengthener 100 during use. A larger size of escapements 102 increases the size of aquatic animals which can pass through the escapements 102, thereby reducing the variation of species and sizes of aquatic animals of which are contained in the lengthener 100 during use. The escapements 102 can be configured by the fishers to suit one or more desired size and / or species of aquatic animals to thereby provide a higher desirable catch quality.

[0103] In some configurations, the escapements 102 may be arranged such that the lengthener has varying porosity. For example, the size of the escapements 102 toward the front of the lengthener 100 are larger than escapements 102 toward the rear of the lengthener. A restriction may be located between the regions of smaller and larger escapements 102. The restriction can be used to detain catch within the region of largerescapements 102, allowing undersized catch to release, and may be subsequently opened to capture the remaining fish within the region of smaller escapements 102.

[0104] The forward portion 100a can be comprised of further portions each of which can have differing locations, shapes, and / or size of the escapements 102 to provide further selectivity for the lengthener 100 and / or to be adapted to the aquatic animal behaviors, species, and / or known flow patterns within the lengthener. The escapements 102 can be further adapted to provide additional selectivity properties such as certain colours, materials, or patterns which attract or repel certain species.

[0105] The lengthener 100 and / or peripheries of the escapements 102 are formed of a flexible and smooth material to provide reduced abrasive property of the lengthener and / or peripheries of the escapements 102 to assist with the aquatic animals escaping through the escapements 102 and to reduce harm caused to the escaped aquatic animals.

[0106] The escapements can also influence the pressure differential and water flow profile that arises within the lengthener 100 due to hydrodynamic forces induced by towing or hauling.

[0107] The cylindrical shape that the lengthener 100 adopts when fishing can create a stable surface that maintains a constant geometry of the escapements. This assists with the apparatus performance as it means the escapement dimensions are fixed throughout the harvesting event, which gives the lengthener 100 improved knife-edge selectivity. The selectivity may be improved over apparatuses made entirely of mesh, where the escapement hole dimensions vary depending on the mesh manufacture method, the orientation of the mesh, haul or towing speed and the catch volume.

[0108] In one configuration, and as shown further in Figures 1 and 2, the back portion 100b is formed of a material that is substantially impervious to water. In one configuration, substantially the entire side wall(s) of the back portion 100b comprise(s) a material that is substantially impervious to water. The back portion 100b will generally be formed without any escapement(s) in the side wall(s) of the back portion 100b.

[0109] In use, the back portion 100b is configured to retain water within the back portion 100b. As the aquatic animals enter the lengthener 100 through opening 103 and arenot passed through escapements 102 of the forward portion 100a, the animals may be moved back into back portion 100b and in the retained water. The retained water enables the animals to be suspended in the water, thereby assisting with reducing the amount of bumping, rubbing, or other contact between the animals and / or a reduced stress felt by the animals which can result in an improved quality of the catch when the catch is eventually hauled on board.

[0110] When towed or hauled, the non-porous nature of portion 100b impedes the passage of water that has been hydrodynamically forced towards it from opening 103. This impedance leads to an elevated internal pressure so that the material of the back portion 100b adopts an expanded attitude in cross section as it distributes the forces generated from the pressure differential on either side of the lengthener 100. This is another mechanism by which lengthener 100 achieves a cylindrical geometry when being moved through water.

[0111] Varying the length of the back portion 100b also influences the water velocity and turbulence profile the accumulated catch experiences in and around the forward section of the back portion 100b. If the back portion 100b is shorter than the diameter or transverse dimension of the hydrodynamically inflated lengthener 100 this will promote higher turbulence and water velocities within and upstream of the back portion 100b, whereas if the back portion 100b is longer than the diameter or transverse dimension it will generate a low- flow, low-turbulence zone inside 100b when being towed or hauled. These water flow characteristics have effects on aquatic animal behavior and locomotion, which in turn impacts the species and size selectivity performance of the fishing gear.

[0112] On completion of the harvesting process, as the lengthener 100 is pulled out of the water by the winch or pulley system, the lengthener 100 will be orientated with the forward portion 100a higher than the back portion 100b such that the aquatic animals may be moved into the back portion 100b with further assistance from gravitational forces. As the lengthener 100 is eventually hauled onto the vessel, the aquatic animals are suspended in an amount of water during and after the hauling process, thereby improving the quality of the catch.

[0113] As shown in Figure 7, the lengthener 100 can be formed of at least two further portions 100c and 100d. The at least two portions 100c and 100d extend part way along the height of the lengthener 100 when the lengthener is viewed from the side. As shown in Figure 7, a first of the portions is bottom portion 100d, the bottom portion 100d extending along the entire length of the lengthener 100 or at least along a major part of the length of the lengthener 100 from the front end 104 to the back end 105 and extending at least some way along the height of the lengthener 100. As also shown in Figure 7, a second portion is top portion 100c, the top portion 100c extending along the entire length of the lengthener 100 or at least along a major part of the length of the lengthener 100 from the front end 104 to the back end 105 and extending at least some way along the height of the lengthener 100. As also shown in Figure 7, the lengthener 100 can comprise multiple panels, the multiple panels comprising the top portion 100c and the bottom portion 100d, the multiple panels being joined at least at lengthwise join 107.

[0114] The lengthener 100 can be formed of a durable material which is resistant to abrasion and tearing during use and storage as well as a material of which retains an amount of water such that the lengthener is inflated in use. The lengthener 100 can be formed of nylon, polyethylene, or other synthetic materials such as polyester, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), or any otherwise durable and resistant material. The panels of the lengthener can be formed of the same or different materials, or any combination thereof.

[0115] In use, the bottom panel corresponding to portion 100d can wear faster than the top panel corresponding to portion 100c. The lengthener 100 can be hauled to fly about 0.5-2.0 metres above the bottom of the seabed or along the seabed. The lengthener flying above the seabed reduces wear on the lengthener 100. However, at least the bottom panel 100d can still come into contact with abrasive objects and materials during hauling. The bottom panel 100d can also be damaged as the lengthener 100 is hauled onto the vessel as the bottom panel 100d abrasively contacts the vessel. It is therefore an advantage to have bottom panel comprise a more durable material than the top panel to extend the life of the lengthener 100. Alternatively, or in combination, the use of separate upper and lower panelscan allow for the bottom panel to be replaced upon deterioration, such that the entire lengthener 100 does not need to be replaced.

[0116] Transverse join 106 and lengthwise join 107 can be formed of rope or cable or a plurality of ropes or cables, metals rings or chains, or any other suitable joining method / device. The joins 106 and 107 provide a water escape pathway, the water escape pathway can be selected or controlled to control the amount of water which is retained in the lengthener 100 upon exiting the water.

[0117] The joins 106 and 107 can have an adjustable tightness. The joins 106 and 107 can be made tighter or looser depending on preference to act as an additional aperture alongside escapements 102. Further, the joins 106 and 107 can be made tighter or looser through providing smaller or larger spacing within the joins 106 and 107 in order to control the flow of water which is leaked from the lengthener 100 upon exiting the water at the completion of the harvesting process.

[0118] The joins 106 and 107 can be controlled by a release mechanism to be physically or remotely tightened or loosened throughout the fishing process. The joins 106 and 107 can also be selected to be formed of a desired shape and / or type of join in order to provide a desired amount of water which is leaked from the lengthener 100 through the water escape pathway upon exiting the water at the completion of the harvesting process as different join types can provide differing leak speeds.

[0119] The joins 106 and 107 can have the tightness adjusted and / or the type of join selected to assist with the total amount of water which remains in the back portion 100b upon exiting the water. Depending on the size and / or species of the catch, the joins 106 and 107 can be adjusted in order to allow for more or less water to remain in the back portion 100b upon exiting the water to assist with improving the quality of the catch.

[0120] An appropriate amount of water in the back portion 100b upon exiting the water reduces the contact and / or stress of the animals while the fishers examine, move, and / or release any of the aquatic animals. A reduction in contact and / or stress of the animals during and / or after the fishing process reduces the chance of damaged catch and thereby improves the quality of the catch.

[0121] Further, joins 106 and 107 can be adjusted in order to allow for more or less water to remain in the back portion 100b upon removing the lengthener 100 from the water to assist with reducing stability issues and / or damage of the fishing vessel. If an excessive amount of water is hauled onboard after the fishing process, the vessel can be damaged by the weight of the water and / or have stability issues as the weight distribution of the vessel can be misaligned. Depending on the size of the vessel, the weather at the time, or other potential factors, an appropriate amount of water that is hauled onboard the vessel can reduce the potential for damage and / or stability issues while also ensuring an appropriate amount of water remains in the back portion 100b for the improved quality of the catch.

[0122] It is to be understood that the lengthener 100 can be formed by additional panels to those disclosed herein which are joined by further lengthwise, transverse, or otherwise orientated joins. Additional panels can also be provided, in combination with the panels disclosed herein to provide additional support, strength, and / or longevity of the lengthener 100.

[0123] Varying the length of back portion 100b can influence the water holding capacity of the terminal section of lengthener 100 when it is lifted aboard a vessel. The ability to retain water in the terminal section of lengthener 100 as it is lifted out of the water can further minimize the hydrostatic crushing forces acting on the aquatic catch as it transitions from a liquid to aerial environment which can further assist with reducing injury to the catch and maximises harvest quality.

[0124] In another configuration, and as shown in Figure 8 and 9, the lengthener 100 can have a configuration wherein lengthener 100 comprises a restriction or choked region at a location along the length of the lengthener 100. The back portion 100b can be restricted or choked from the forward portion 100a by a restriction, such that the area for receiving any aquatic animals which enter the lengthener 100 in use is reduced.

[0125] The back portion 100b can be restricted or choked from the forward portion 100a, such that the ability of caught aquatic animal(s) to pass through the restriction is reduced or such that caught aquatic animals are entirely restricted or prevented from passing through the restriction from the forward portion 100a to the back portion 100b.

[0126] The restriction between forward portion 100a and back portion 100b can be achieved via a pursing or cinching of the forward portion 100a, back portion 100b, or a region between the forward portion 100a and the back portion 100b. A purse or a cinch may be understood to be a substantially radially inward constriction.

[0127] The cinch or purse restriction can be achieved by a rope or cable or plurality of ropes or cables, metals ring(s) or chain(s), or any other suitable restricting method / device.

[0128] In some configurations, the restriction between the forward portion 100a and the back portion 100b can be achieved via rolling-up of the back portion 100b. In some configurations, the restriction can be achieved via folding of the back portion 100b. In some configurations, the restriction can be achieved via a twisting of the back portion, or the region between the back portion 100b and the forward portion 100a. The restriction can be provided at or near the join 106.

[0129] Restricting the back portion 100b from the forward portion 100a can be used to detain the aquatic animals within the forward portion 100a during use, prior to hauling catch. This aids the selectivity function of the forward portion 100a by ensuring that aquatic animals do not prematurely migrate to the back portion 100b.

[0130] A restriction achieved by rolling, folding, or otherwise compressing / collapsing the back portion 100b provides a substantially effective internal seal between the back portion 100b and forward portion 100a, such that the restriction provides an improved restriction that reduces or eliminates creases, folds, buckling, or other irregularities in the restriction due to the stiffness and / or thickness of the lengthener material. Said creases may result in small gaps within the restricted area in which undersized fish may fit into and pass through to the back portion 100b.

[0131] Rolling or folding of the back portion 100b provides a more effective seal due to collapsing the lengthener to form a flat (or, if curved, at least substantially smooth) sealing line toward the forward portion of the lengthener, with the back portion being rolled or folded behind the flat sealing line. The shape of the roll or fold reduces or avoids crinkling, creasing, folding, buckling across the midspan of the seal line thereby improving the restrictions from the forward portion 100a to the back portion 100b. Further, the flatsealing line as provided by the roll or fold can better maintain the restriction even in an event wherein the restriction is unexpectedly loosened or weakened.

[0132] The method of providing the restriction may be selected to be more suitable for various types, shapes, or sizes of lengtheners 100. For example, a fold may be more suitable for longer lengtheners 100 or back portions 100b and a roll may be more suitable for medium or smaller lengtheners 100 or back portions 100b.

[0133] The restriction stops or reduces the ability of the aquatic animals from entering the back portion 100b. The forward portion 100a can be configured to be formed of a porous material or configured to comprise escapements 102 or can be configured to be formed of a non-porous material or without any slits or apertures. The forward portion 100a may be formed of a porous material or configured to comprise one or more escapements 102 such that the aquatic animals of which have entered the lengthener 100 and are unable to enter the back portion 100b, or have reduced entry to the back portion 100b, are significantly contained within the forward portion 100a. By containing the aquatic animals within the forward portion 100a, the aquatic animals have an increased likelihood of reaching the escapements 102 and, should the aquatic animal be of a size and / or species of which can fit through the escapement 102, can escape from the lengthener 100 through the escapement 102. An advantage of providing the restriction from the forward portion 100a to the back portion 100b therefore provides an improvement to the selectivity of the lengthener 100 as the aquatic animals are more contained near the porous section of the lengthener 100.

[0134] The restriction can also alter the pressure differential and / or water flow profile that arises within lengthener 100 as a result of the hydrodynamic forces induced by towing or hauling. The restriction can alter the pressure differential and / or water flow profile within the lengthener 100 to further assist with the selectivity of the lengthener 100 in combination with the porous section of the lengthener 100 by providing a pressure differential and / or flow profile which assists with reducing the chance that the fish within the bag will school together and thereby increasing the interactions with the escapements 102 and improves the selectivity of the lengthener 100.

[0135] The shape of the lengthener 100 can have additional attachments added to the lengthener 100 or equipment integrated into the lengthener 100 to alter the internal shape of the lengthener 100 in use to further alter the pressure differential and / or water flow profile that arises within lengthener 100 as a result of the hydrodynamic forces induced by towing or hauling. Example attachments or equipment can comprise one or more of a baton 94 made of flexible material (for example fiberglass composite, plastic, or otherwise), internal or external line(s) such as rope(s) or cable(s) 95, and / or a flotation device 96 with, or without, a weight 97 as shown in Figures 10-12. The attachments or equipment can be added to the lengthener 100 before use or can be integrated into the lengthener 100 during manufacturing.

[0136] The attachments or equipment can alter the shape of the interior of the lengthener 100 during use, thereby altering the pressure differential and / or water flow profile that arises within lengthener 100 as a result of the hydrodynamic forces induced by towing or hauling. The shape of the interior of the lengthener 100 can be an altered to be, in use, more circular or less circular or, for example, substantially elliptical or oval shaped.

[0137] The ability to alter the shape of the lengthener 100 from circular in cross section to substantially elliptical or oval can be used to change the surface area to volume ratio. The surface area to volume ratio can be advantageous to improving selectivity of the lengthener 100 by decreasing the distance to an escapement 102 and therefore increases the likelihood of catch interacting with an escapement 102.

[0138] The restriction between the forward portion 100a and the back portion 100b can be associated with a release mechanism 108, the release mechanism 108 configured to maintain the restriction between forward portion 100a and back portion 100b. In some configurations, the release mechanism 108 can be positioned on the inner side or outer side of the lengthener 108.

[0139] In use, the lengthener 100 is released from the vessel into the water and with the restriction between the forward portion 100a and the back portion 100b in place. As the lengthener 100 is towed behind the vessel during the harvesting process, the aquaticanimals will enter the lengthener 100 through the opening 103 and into the forward portion 100a as shown in Figure 13.

[0140] At a desired time, either once the forward portion 100a of the lengthener 100 is satisfactorily full, ample time has been provided for unwanted catch to escape through the selectivity escapements 102, or otherwise, the choke / restriction can be partially or entirely released on actuation of the release mechanism such that the back portion 100b is configured to partially or entirely expand as shown in Figure 14 to allow the detained aquatic animals to migrate to, and be retained in, the back portion 100b of the lengthener 100 for subsequent hauling. The back portion 100b can be made of a non-porous material and without any escapements in the side wall(s) such that the back portion 100b can retain water. In line with the previous disclosure, the retained water ensures the animals can be suspended in the water, thereby assisting with reducing the amount of crushing or abrasion or other contact between the animals and / or a reduced stress felt by the animals which can result in an improved quality of the catch when the catch is eventually hauled on board.

[0141] A release mechanism 108 is provided to maintain the restriction between forward portion 100a and back portion 100b. Release mechanism 108 can be a line or plurality of lines, such as a rope or cable or a plurality of ropes or cables, latch, clip, ring, catch, magnetic, hydraulic, elastic, or electronic lock, or otherwise suitable mechanical or electromechanical method / mechanism to maintain the cinch or purse restriction or to maintain the back portion 100b in the rolled-up orientation. Alternatively, a combination of multiple methods / mechanisms can be used. Automatically, or upon the user's discretion, the release mechanism 108 can be actuated to release the restriction, through the release of the cinch or purse or allow the rolled-up or folded orientation to be unrolled or otherwise expanded from the reduced form in order to partially or entirely open the back portion 100 b.

[0142] The release mechanism 108 can be actuated physically through the user pulling a line such as a rope or cable or otherwise suitable physical method / mechanism.

[0143] Alternatively, or in combination, the release mechanism 108 can be actuated using a wired connection. The wired connection can be provided by a cable which can be adata and / or power cable can be provided which is connected to an actuator and provides the wired connection between the release mechanism 108 and the actuator. The cable can be connected to one or more transducers. The actuator can be provided on the vessel or be a hand-held actuator. The data and / or power cable can extend from the actuator on, or located on, the vessel and along the cable onto the lengthener 100 and connecting to the release mechanism 108. The actuator is able to be actuated to release the release mechanism 108.

[0144] Alternatively, or in combination, the release mechanism 108 can be actuated using a remote actuation through transmission of a signal from a transmitter 121 on the vessel to a receiver 123 on the lengthener 100, the receiver, alone or in combination with a controller, the controller comprising a microprocessor and / or other communication unit, being configured to operate the release mechanism 108. The transmission can be acoustic transmission, radio frequency transmission, optical transmission, electromagnetic induction, Ultra-low Frequency (ULF) and Very-low Frequency (VLF) Transmission, hybrid systems, or any other suitable method / transmission.

[0145] The release mechanism 108 can be actuated using additional receivers and / or transmitters. As shown in Figure 17, a signal from a transmitter 121 on the vessel can be sent to a receiver on a surface buoy 120 located on the surface of the water, the surface buoy 120 being distanced from the vessel. Upon receipt of the signal, the receiver on the surface buoy 120 can be configured to operate, alone or in combination with a further controller, a physical mechanism such as a rope or cable or otherwise suitable physical method / mechanism to actuate the release mechanism 108. Alternatively, or in combination, upon receipt of the signal, the receiver on the surface buoy 120 can be configured to operate, alone or in combination with a further controller, a remote actuation of the release mechanism 108 through transmission of a signal from the surface buoy 120 to the receiver on the lengthener 100 associated with the release mechanism 108, as disclosed herein.

[0146] The surface buoy 120 can also comprise a transmitter configured to transmit a signal from the surface buoy to a receiver on the vessel. Upon receipt of the signal, the receiver on the vessel can be configured to operate, alone or in combination with a furthercontroller, a physical mechanism such as a rope or cable or otherwise suitable physical method / mechanism to actuate the release mechanism 108. Alternatively, or in combination, upon receipt of the signal, the receiver on the vessel can be configured to operate, alone or in combination with a further controller, a remote actuation of the release mechanism 108 through transmission of a signal from the surface buoy 120 to the receiver on the lengthener 100 associated with the release mechanism 108, as disclosed herein.

[0147] Multiple surface buoys 120 can be operated as disclosed herein, the multiple buoys being configured to be used individually or as part of a system. The transmitter(s) and receiver(s) on the vessel and buoy(s) can communicate via wireless communication technology including Wi-Fi or any other reasonable communication form.

[0148] Alternatively, or in combination, the release mechanism 108 can be actuated via a timer or a sensor. The sensor can be a pressure sensor, light sensor, biological sensor configured to respond to biological signals, or any other suitable sensor.

[0149] A catch monitoring device or system can also be provided inside or outside the lengthener 100 to remotely view the aquatic animals as contained in the lengthener 100. The catch monitoring device can be a camera or sensor. The sensor can be a pressure sensor, light sensor, biological sensor configured to respond to biological signals, or any other suitable sensor. The sensor can be associated with a transmission device to provide data or information to a receiver on the vessel or surface buoy(s), the data or information relating to the catch located within the lengthener 100.

[0150] The data or information can be a video signal of the inside and / or outside of the lengthener 100, a heat signal of the inside of the lengthener 100, or further additional information pertaining to the size and or species of the aquatic animals, or otherwise caught objects, as contained in the lengthener 100.

[0151] The data or information can be transmitted to the vessel and / or surface buoy(s). The vessel and / or surface buoy(s) can further transmit the data or information between each of vessel and one or multiple surface buoy(s). The user can, upon receipt of the data or information, determine whether the release mechanism 108 should be actuated as disclosed herein.

[0152] The catch monitoring device or system can be associated with, or communicate to, the release mechanism 108. The catch monitoring device, either alone or in combination with a controller, can be configured to automatically actuate the release mechanism 108 as a result of a determination based on the information or data.

[0153] The release mechanism 108 can be actuated based on the information or data as received from the catch monitoring system and before or during the lengthener 100 being pulled out of the water after completion of the fishing process. Actuation of the release mechanism 108, and therefore the release of restriction to partially or entirely open the back portion 100b, allows the aquatic animals to enter this back portion 100b for subsequent hauling.

[0154] In some configurations the release mechanism 108 comprises a mechanical release system and / or an electromechanical release system with one or more actuators for releasing either or all of the release systems.

[0155] An example release mechanism is shown in Figures 15-16.

[0156] The release mechanism can comprise a mechanical release system. The mechanical release system may be mounted on a plate 80. The mechanical release system can comprise one or more engagement features 81, 82. The engagement features 81, 82 can be any one or more of a ring, hook, latch or otherwise appropriate engagement feature. The mechanical release system can be a 2-ring release system comprising two rings 81, 82, or alternative engagement feature(s), of the same or different size. In some configurations the 2-ring release system comprises a larger ring 81 and a smaller ring 82. The release system can further comprise an electromechanical system to release one of the rings, preferably the smaller ring, from a locked position upon actuation.

[0157] The release system can further comprise any one or more of an acoustic transducer 83 for communication with the vessel and / or a ruggedised housing for the mechatronic and acoustic elements. The ruggedised housing can also house accessories comprising at least a battery, microprocessor, power management or otherwise.

[0158] The actuator 84 can be a linear actuator located inside the ruggedised housing with an O-ring sealed extension rod penetrating the housing to pull back a spring-loaded plunger from the 2-ring assembly a mechanical 2-ring release system mounted on a plate.

[0159] The release system can be permanently or removably fixed to the lengthener 100 using one or more fasteners. The fasteners may be any suitable type of fastener to secure the release system to the lengthener 100. The fastener(s) may be bolt(s) provided through the plate 80 and lengthener 100 used with washer(s) to disperse the load on the bolt and / or lengthener 100. Using a bolt may be more preferable to reduce the movement of the release system relative to the lengthener 100.

[0160] In some configurations, and as shown in Figures 20 and 21, the restriction can be provided using one or more interlocking loops 90 and / or rings 91. The loops 90 are attached to one portion of the lengthener 100, and rings 91 on another portion of the lengthener. The loops 90 thread through the rings 91 to hold the two portions of the lengthener 100 together and can span the width of the lengthener 100 roll-up portion.

[0161] The interlocking loops 90 and / or rings 91 can advantageously reduce the risk of jamming or other failure when the restriction is released. The interlocking loops 90 start from the outer edges and meet in the centre at a common point. At this point a quickrelease line loop 92 passes through the terminal loops 90, and the free end of the quickrelease line loop is affixed to the larger ring 81 of the release mechanism. Upon actuation of the release system, via release of the smaller ring 82 from the locked position, either by the electromechanical system or otherwise, the quick-release line loop 92 is detached from the release mechanism such that the terminal loops 90 are no longer locked in place. The internal pressure of the lengthener 100 causes a rapid de-lacing of the loop-ring assembly and unfurling of the restriction.

[0162] The loops 90 may be formed by any suitable material, for example polymeric monofilament material(s). The ring(s) 91 may be formed by any suitable material, such as a polymeric or metal material, for example steel.

[0163] Rope reinforced strips can also be used to anchor the rings 91 and / or loops 90 wherein strips are offset from the lengthener 100 to allow the restriction to locate to one side, thereby avoiding or reducing the restriction being lower-most when the lengthener 100is lowered onto a vessel deck and becoming jammed under the weight. A reinforced region or patch can be provided on the lengthener 100 to accommodate either or both of release mechanisms 108 and / or 208.

[0164] In another configuration, and as shown in Figure 18 and 19, the lengthener 100 can comprise a further release mechanism 208. The release mechanism 208 can operate the same as or similarly to the release mechanism 108 as discussed prior.

[0165] In some configurations, the release mechanism 108 and release mechanism 208 can be provided on the lengthener 100 and can operate the same or differently to each other. The release mechanism 108 and the release mechanism 208 can be combined in a system to be operated together, operated individually, and / or be able to communicate with the vessel and surface buoy(s) within the communication system.

[0166] Either or both of the release mechanisms 108, 208 can be provided on the outside of the lengthener 100. Further, either or both of the release mechanisms 108, 208 can be provided on the top of the outside of the lengthener 100 which can assist with reducing bumping, knocking, rubbing or otherwise potential contact to the release mechanism(s) during deployment, fishing, or retrieval of the lengthener 100.

[0167] The release mechanism 208 can be connected to and / or provided on or near horizontal join 107 as shown in Figure 7, wherein join 107 is configured to join portions 100c and 100d which extend part way along the height of the lengthener 100. The join 107 can be permanently closed or be a closeable region wherein the release mechanism 208 is configured to actuate and thereby open an opening 114 and / or at least a portion of the join 107 to form opening 114.

[0168] The release mechanism 208 can be actuated after or at the same time as the release mechanism 108. As discussed prior, a restriction can be provided at a location along the lengthener 100 in use. After or at the same time as actuation of the release mechanism 108 to release the restrictions by unrolling the back portion 100b, or otherwise expand the lengthener 100, the release mechanism 208 is actuated to thereby open an opening 114 and / or at least a portion of the join 107 to form opening 114, the opening 114 is provided at or near the back end 105 of the lengthener 100 as shown in Figure 18 or 19.

[0169] The opening 114 can be an opening provided towards or at the back of the back portion 102b of the lengthener 100 or can be provided by the previously closed back portion 102b of the lengthener 100 being unstitched or otherwise opened.

[0170] Some or all of the aquatic animals that were caught during the harvesting process, as well as any new aquatic animals that enter the lengthener 100, are able to escape out of the opening 114.

[0171] As discussed prior for the release mechanism 108, the release mechanism 208 can be actuated physically, remotely, automatically, or a combination of such. The release mechanism 208 can be communicate and / or be actuated as discussed prior using the catch monitoring device or system. A further catch monitoring device or system can be provided to correspond solely with release mechanism 208.

[0172] The release mechanism 208 can be used upon an unwanted catch entering the lengthener 100. The unwanted catch can be one or more of a protected species, a target species of the wrong size, a large object or object which could harm the aquatic animals within the lengthener 100, or any other reasonable unwanted animal / object. The release mechanism 208 can also be used at the fisher's discretion to end the harvesting process for any reason, including poor catch results, imminent weather, or other reasonable means.

[0173] A reinforced region or patch can be provided on the lengthener 100 to accommodate either or both of release mechanisms 108 and / or 208.

[0174] The disclosed apparatus comprising a lengthener 100 may also be said broadly to comprise the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the disclosure, individually or collectively, in any or all combinations of two or more of said parts, elements, features, or configurations.

[0175] The apparatus comprising the lengthener 100 can be used in a method of trawling where it is towed behind a vessel to generate water flow through the lengthener 100. Alternatively, the apparatus may be used in other harvesting or aquaculture methods. For example, in one embodiment method the apparatus comprising the lengthener 100 is placed and held stationary in a body of flowing water such as a river, with the forwardportion 100a upstream of the back portion 100b. The current in the river produces water flow through the lengthener 100. For example, in another embodiment method, the apparatus comprising the lengthener 100 is placed in a body of water and the ropes or cables are hauled as the vessel remains stationary such that water flows into the lengthener 100.

[0176] It is to be understood that the apparatus of the present specification can be suitable for use in a variety of method for harvesting aquatic animals, which may include those as disclosed in He, P., Chopin, F., Suuronen, P., Ferro, R.S.T., Lansley, J., 2021. Classification and Illustrated Definition of Fishing Gears. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 672, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. For example, but without limitation, the apparatus of the present specification can be used in the Revised International Standard Classification of Fishing Gears (ISSCFG), Rev.1 (2016) categories Seines (SV - boat seines) and Trawls (TBB - beam trawls, OTB - single boat bottom otter trawls, OTT - twin bottom otter trawls, OTP - multiple bottom otter trawls, PTB - bottom pair trawls, OTM - single boat midwater otter trawls, PTM - midwater pair trawls, TSP - semipelagic trawls) that are referred to in Table 1 of Classification and Illustration of Fishing Gears. The contents of those documents are incorporated herein in their entirety by way of reference.

[0177] In addition, it is to be understood that the features and terminology used throughout the description can be interchanged as appropriate with the terminology as present in the gear categories and / or sub categories of He, P., Chopin, F., Suuronen, P., Ferro, R.S.T., Lansley, J., 2021. Classification and Illustrated Definition of Fishing Gears. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 672, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome.

[0178] In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents or such sources of information is not to be construed as an admission that such documents or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art or form part of the common general knowledge in the art.

[0179] Preferred embodiments of the invention have been described by way of example only and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An apparatus for harvesting aquatic animals comprising a lengthened the lengthener comprising: an opening; a first portion extending rearward from the opening, wherein the first portion comprises one or more escapements; and a second portion extending rearward from the first portion to a closed back of the lengthener; wherein the lengthener comprises a restriction, the restriction configured to be released upon actuation of a release mechanism, such that the second portion partially or entirely expands following actuation of the release mechanism.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the restriction is provided by the second portion being in at least a partially rolled up arrangement.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the restriction is provided by the second portion being in a fully rolled up arrangement.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the restriction is a pursed or cinched region of the lengthener.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the restriction is a twisted region of the lengthener.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the restriction is provided by the second portion being in at least a partially folded arrangement.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the restriction is provided by the second portion being in a fully folded arrangement.

8. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -7, wherein the restriction is provided between the first portion and the second portion.

9. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -8, wherein the restriction is configured such that the ability of caught aquatic animal(s) to pass through the restriction is reduced or caught aquatic animals are entirely restricted from passing through the restriction from the first portion to the second portion.

10. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -9, wherein the second portion comprises a material that is substantially impervious to water.

11. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -10, wherein the one or more escapements are one or more of: a hole; a slit; an aperture; and / or a slot.

12. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -11, wherein the restriction is provided by any one or more of: a line; a latch; a clip; a ring; a catch; and / or a magnetic, hydraulic, elastic, or electronic lock.

13. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -12, wherein the release mechanism is actuated by: a physical release mechanism; a wired release mechanism; a remote release mechanism; a timer; and / ora sensor.

14. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -13 wherein the release mechanism comprises a mechanical release system and / or an electromechanical release system.

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -14, wherein the release mechanism is located outside the lengthener.

16. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -15, wherein the first and second portions correspond to at least a first and second panel.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first and second panel are attached by at least a first join.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the restriction is provided at or near the first join.

19. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -18, wherein the first and second portions further comprise two or more portions, wherein the two or more portions define a top of the lengthener and a bottom of the lengthener.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein a third panel corresponds to the top of the lengthener and a fourth panel corresponds to the bottom of the lengthener.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the fourth panel of the lengthener comprises a more durable material than the third panel of the lengthener.

22. The apparatus of claim 20 or 21, wherein the third panel of the lengthener and the fourth panel of lengthener are separable.

23. The apparatus of any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the third and fourth panel are attached by at least a second join.

24. The apparatus of any one of claims 17-23, wherein the first join provides a first water escape pathway and / or a / the second join provides a second water pathway, the firstand / or second water escape pathway controls an amount of water which is retained in the lengthened25. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -24, wherein the lengthener further comprises a catch monitoring device or system located inside or outside the lengthener.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the catch monitoring device or system is associated with, or configured to communicate with, the release mechanism.

27. The apparatus of claim 25 or 26, wherein the catch monitoring device is a camera or a sensor, the sensor associated with a transmission device to provide data to a receiver.

28. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -27, wherein the lengthener is configured to be used with additional attachment(s) and / or comprises equipment integrated into the lengthener, wherein the additional attachment(s) and / or equipment alter the internal shape of the lengthener in use.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the additional attachment(s) and / or equipment comprises any one or more of: a baton of flexible material; internal or external ropes or cables; and / or a floatation device and / or a weight.

30. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 -29 further comprising a second release mechanism, the second release mechanism configured to open the closed back of the lengthener.

31. An apparatus for harvesting aquatic animals comprising a lengthener, the lengthener comprising: an opening;a first end comprising or connected to the opening; a second, closed end; a first portion corresponding to a first panel, the first portion extending from the first end to the second end and defining a top of the lengthened and a second portion corresponding to a second panel, the second portion extending from the first end to the second end and defining a bottom of the lengthened wherein the first panel and second panel are attached by a first join, and wherein the first join provides a first water escape pathway, the water escape pathway configured to control an amount of water which is retained in the lengthener in use.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the first join is adjustable in tightness to adjust the first water escape pathway.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the tightness of the first join is controlled by a release mechanism.

34. The apparatus of any one of claims 31 -33, wherein the type of the first join is selected to adjust the first water escape pathway.

35. The apparatus of any one of claims 31 -34, wherein the shape of the first join is selected to adjust the first water escape pathway.

36. The apparatus of any one of claims 31 -35, wherein the second panel of the lengthener comprises a more durable material than the first panel of the lengthener.

37. The apparatus of any one of claims 31 -36, wherein the first panel of the lengthener and the second panel of the lengthener are separable.

38. The apparatus of any one of claims 31 -37, wherein the first and second portions further comprise two or more portions, wherein the two or more portions define a front of the lengthener portion and a back of the lengthener portion.

39. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein a third panel corresponds to the front of the lengthener and a fourth panel corresponds to the back of the lengthener.

40. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein the third and fourth panel are attached by at least a second join, wherein the second join provides a second water escape pathway, the second water escape pathway further controls the amount of water which is retained in the lengthener.

41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the second join is adjustable in tightness to adjust the second water escape pathway.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the tightness of the second join is controlled by a release mechanism.

43. The apparatus of any one of claims 39-42, wherein the type of the second join is selected to adjust the second water escape pathway.

44. The apparatus of any one of claims 39-43, wherein the shape of the second join is selected to adjust the second water escape pathway.

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