Re-access indication
By enabling readers to indicate re-access operations or transmission retries for ambient IoT devices based on explicit or criteria-based signals, the inefficiencies in access procedures are addressed, optimizing power and network resource usage.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Current mechanisms lack flexibility in determining whether ambient IoT devices should perform a re-access operation or retry a transmission, leading to inefficient power consumption and increased latency due to collisions and failed contention resolution during access procedures.
A reader provides explicit or criteria-based indications to ambient IoT devices on whether to perform a re-access operation or retry a communication transmission, allowing for optimized power and network resource efficiency by reducing unnecessary re-attempts.
This approach enhances the flexibility and efficiency of access procedures by minimizing power consumption and reducing latency, improving the overall performance of ambient IoT devices in wireless communication systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024134455_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RE-ACCESS INDICATIONFIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with a re-access indication. INTRODUCTION
[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication among multiple wireless communication devices including user devices or other devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Such multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, national, regional, or global level.
[0003] An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other RATs beyond NR) may be designed to better support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of things (IoT) networks or reduced capability device deployments, and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) applications. To support these verticals, NR systems may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases.
[0004] In some examples, a network entity (e.g., a user equipment (UE) or other wireless communication device) may be an Internet of things (IoT) device. Some IoT devices, such as ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices (sometimes referred to as ultra-light IoT devices) , may be associated with a relatively simple hardware design that may be designed to use low power and be implementable at low cost. A-IoT technology may include passive IoT (such as New Radio (NR) passive IoT for 5G Advanced) , semi-passive IoT, active IoT, or ultra-light IoT. In passive IoT, a terminal (such as a tag or a similar device) may not include a battery or other long-term energy storage, and the terminal may accumulate energy from radio signaling. In some examples, the terminal may accumulate solar or other energy to supplement accumulated energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, backscattering communication may be implemented at a type of passive (or semi-passive) IoT device referred to as an “ambient backscatter device” or a “backscatter device, ” which may modulate by reflecting radio signal from an RF source to convey data. Some IoT devices may be referred to as semi-passive IoT devices. At a semi-passive IoT device, communication between a reader and the IoT device does not need to be preceded by an energy harvesting waveform. For example, a semi-passive IoT device may include a battery or similar energy source that can power the semi-passive IoT device. Some IoT devices may be referred to as active IoT devices. An active IoT device may have a battery or similar energy source and an active radio, allowing for active transmission and reception without energy harvesting or backscattering. A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with industrial sensors, for which battery replacement may be prohibitively difficult or undesirable (such as for safety monitoring or fault detection in smart factories, infrastructures, or environments) . Additionally, features of A-IoT devices, such as low cost, small size, simple or infrequent maintenance, durability, and long lifespan, may facilitate smart logistics and warehousing (for example, in connection with automated asset management) . Furthermore, A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with smart home networks for household item management, wearable devices, or similar applications.SUMMARY
[0005] In some aspects, a first network entity includes a processing system configured to: transmit a first communication having a type; receive first information associated with the first communication; and perform, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type.
[0006] In some aspects, a first network entity includes a processing system configured to: receive a first communication having a type; and transmit first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted.
[0007] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity includes transmitting a first communication having a type; receiving first information associated with the first communication; and performing, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type.
[0008] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity includes receiving a first communication having a type; and transmitting first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted.
[0009] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having code stored thereon that, when executed by a first network entity, causes the first network entity to: transmit a first communication having a type; receive first information associated with the first communication; and perform, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type.
[0010] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having code stored thereon that, when executed by a first network entity, causes the first network entity to: receive a first communication having a type; and transmit first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted.
[0011] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for transmitting a first communication having a type; means for receiving first information associated with the first communication; and means for performing, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type.
[0012] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving a first communication having a type; and means for transmitting first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted.
[0013] Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network entity, network node, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.
[0014] The foregoing broadly outlines example features and example technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure. Additional example features and example advantages are described hereinafter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] The appended drawings illustrate certain example aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not limiting in scope. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0016] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example environment in which apparatuses and / or methods described herein may be implemented, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating examples associated with different types of ambient Internet of things (IoT) devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with backscatter communications, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with an access procedure for ambient IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 7 is a diagram of an example associated with a re-access indication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 8 is a diagram of an example associated with a re-access indication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a first network entity or an apparatus of a first network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a first network entity or an apparatus of a first network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms. The present disclosure is not limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. The scope of the disclosure covers any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure covers an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0029] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0030] In some examples, an ambient Internet of things (IoT) device may communicate with a reader (for example, a user equipment (UE) , a network node, a network entity, or another reader) by modulating a reflecting radio signal from a radio frequency (RF) source (for example, a network node, a UE, or another network entity) . In some other examples, the A-IoT device may be capable of generating and / or transmitting a signal (e.g., and may not rely on backscattering) . In some examples, the RF source and the reader may be the same device and / or may be co-located. The reader may be unaware of which and / or how many ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices are available for communication in a given area and / or at a given time. Therefore, the reader may perform an access procedure (e.g., a random access procedure) to identify, locate, and / or establish a communication connection with one or more A-IoT devices.
[0031] In some examples, the access procedure may not be successful. For example, the reader may be unable to perform contention resolution for the A-IoT device, and / or one or more communications may not be successfully received during the access procedure. In such examples, the A-IoT device may perform a re-access operation to attempt to perform the access procedure again. “Re-access operation” refers to an operation to retry or re-initiate an operation or procedure (e.g., a device-to-reader (D2R) data transmission) previously attempted by a network entity, such as the A-IoT device. For example, in the context of the access procedure, the re-access operation may include the A-IoT device initiating another instance of the access procedure by transmitting another transmission of the second access procedure communication (e.g., another Msg. 1 transmission) in another transmission occasion (e.g., time-frequency resources indicated by the reader) . For example, the re-access operation may include the A-IoT device attempting to perform the access procedure again in another opportunity that is controlled and / or provided by the reader (e.g., to retry the access procedure) . In some examples, the reader may transmit (e.g., repeat) a reader-to-device (R2D) upper layer command (e.g., the inventory trigger message or the Msg. 0) to cause (e.g., to trigger) the A-IoT device to transmit (e.g., to re-send) the second access procedure communication (e.g., another Msg. 1 transmission or D2R data) .
[0032] In some examples, whether the A-IoT device performs the re-access operation may be controlled and / or indicated by the reader. For example, the A-IoT device may not (e.g., may not be expected to) autonomously perform the re-access operation (e.g., the A-IoT device may not perform the re-access operation unless receiving explicit instructions to do so from the reader) . The reader may transmit, and the A-IoT device may receive, an R2D message that indicates one or more access occasions (e.g., random access occasions) that can be used for the re-access operation. The A-IoT device may transmit the second access procedure communication (e.g., another Msg. 1 transmission) during one of the access occasions indicated by the reader in the R2D message.
[0033] In some examples, the reader may transmit an indication of whether the access procedure was successful or failed. In some examples, the reader may transmit, to the A-IoT device, an R2D message indicating that the access procedure failed (e.g., a failure feedback indication) . The R2D message may be transmitted after the reader receives a D2R message, such as the Msg. 3 or another D2R message. The reception of the failure feedback indication may be indicative of whether the A-IoT device is to perform a re-access operation or to attempt another D2R message, such as another Msg. 3 transmission. The failure feedback indication may include a negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication and at least a portion of the identifier of the A-IoT device (e.g., indicated in the Msg. 2 or another R2D message) . In some other examples, the failure feedback indication may only include at least a portion of the identifier of the A-IoT device (e.g., indicated in the Msg. 2 or another R2D message) . In other examples, the failure feedback indication may be an implicit indication that is based on whether an R2D message (e.g., the Msg. 2 or another message) includes the identifier of the A-IoT device (e.g., if the R2D message does not include the identifier, then this is indicative of the failure feedback indication being provided) .
[0034] In other examples, the reader may transmit, to the A-IoT device, an R2D message indicating that the access procedure was successful (e.g., a success feedback indication) . The R2D message may be transmitted after the reader receives a D2R message, such as the Msg. 3 or another D2R message. The reception of the success feedback indication may be indicative of whether the A-IoT device is to perform a re-access operation or to attempt another D2R message, such as another Msg. 3 transmission. For example, a failure to receive the success indication may indicate that the A-IoT device is to perform a re-access operation or to attempt another D2R message, such as another Msg. 3 transmission. In other examples, whether the A-IoT device is to perform a re-access operation or to attempt another D2R message may be based on both the failure feedback indication and the success feedback indication.
[0035] In some examples, a large quantity of A-IoT devices may be deployed in a wireless communication network. Therefore, when the reader initiates an access procedure, a large quantity of A-IoT devices may respond with D2R messages, such as Msg. 1 messages. As a result, collisions may occur, where multiple A-IoT devices transmit the same preamble using the same time-frequency resources (e.g., the same access occasion) . Therefore, the re-access operation to enable the A-IoT devices to retry the access procedure may be beneficial due to the increased likelihood of collisions and / or failed contention resolution associated with the access procedure. However, if the A-IoT devices always perform the re-access operation in the event of a failure of the access procedure, the A-IoT devices may consume significant power resources and / or increase latency associated with completing the access procedure due to starting the access procedure over at the beginning. Therefore, in some cases, it may be beneficial for the A-IoT device (s) to retry a previous D2R message, such as an Msg. 3 message (e.g., rather than performing the re-access operation to start over with an Msg. 1 message) . However, in some cases, the reader may be unable to resolve contention issues or collisions for the D2R message, such as when multiple A-IoT devices are attempting to transmit the D2R message. In such examples, retrying the previous D2R message, such as an Msg. 3 message, may not meaningfully increase the likelihood of the reader successfully receiving the D2R message. Therefore, in some cases, performing the re-access operation may be more beneficial for A-IoT devices, and in other cases performing another transmission of a D2R message (e.g., the Msg. 3 message) may be more beneficial. However, current mechanisms do not provide flexibility for switching whether the re-access operation or a retry of the D2R message is to be performed (e.g., either the A-IoT device always performs the re-access operation or always performs the retry) .
[0036] Various aspects relate generally to a re-access indication. Some aspects more specifically relate to a reader indicating to an A-IoT device whether the A-IoT device is to perform a re-access operation or to retry a transmission of a type of communication (e.g., a D2R message) . In some aspects, the A-IoT device may transmit, and the reader may receive, a first communication having the type. The first communication may be a type of communication, such as an access procedure type (e.g., an Msg. 3 or another access procedure message) . The reader may transmit, and the A-IoT device may receive, information for the first communication. The information may be indicative of whether a re-access operation is to be performed or the type of communication is to be transmitted. The A-IoT device may perform an operation based on the information. The operation may include performing a re-access operation. Alternatively, the operation may include a transmission of a second communication having the type (e.g., a second Msg. 3 communication) . For example, the A-IoT device may transmit, and the reader may receive, a communication that includes second D2R data. Based on the information, the second D2R data may be associated with either the type of communication (e.g., an Msg. 3 or another access procedure message) or the re-access operation (e.g., an Msg. 1 or another message associated with an initial D2R message for an access procedure) .
[0037] In some aspects, the information may include an explicit indication of whether the re-access operation is to be performed or the type of communication is to be transmitted. In other examples, whether the re-access operation is to be performed or the type of communication is to be transmitted again may be based on whether one or more criteria are satisfied. The information may indicate whether the one or more criteria are satisfied.
[0038] In some aspects, the information may indicate content to be included in the second D2R data. The content may include D2R data, an identifier, and / or header information, among other examples. For example, the first D2R data may include an identifier of the A-IoT device. The information may indicate how the A-IoT device is to indicate the identifier in the second D2R data (e.g., via one or more transmissions or via a partial indication of the identifier) .
[0039] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the described techniques can be used to improve the flexibility for the reader, to cause the A-IoT device to perform the re-access operation in some cases (e.g., where collisions have occurred with multiple A-IoT devices) or to retry a transmission for a type of communication (e.g., a D2R message) in other cases (e.g., where a failure feedback indication or a success feedback indication may not have been successfully communicated to the A-IoT device) . This improves the efficiency (e.g., power efficiency and / or network resource efficiency) associated with D2R messages. Additionally, by the reader and the A-IoT device using the one or more criteria to determine the operation to be performed, a size of signaling may be reduced for indicating whether to perform the re-access operation or to retry a transmission for a type of communication. Further, by the reader indicating the content to be included in the second R2D data, a size of signaling may be reduced (e.g., by enabling the A-IoT device to include only a portion of R2D data, such as the identifier) and / or power efficiency may be improved (e.g., by enabling the A-IoT device to transmit the second R2D data over multiple transmissions, thereby enabling the A-IoT device to accumulate power between the multiple transmissions) .
[0040] Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to any specific structure, function, example, aspect, or the like presented throughout this disclosure. This disclosure includes, for example, any aspect disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure includes such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0041] Aspects and examples generally include a method, apparatus, network node, network entity, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as described or substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.
[0042] This disclosure may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the example concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated example advantages, are described in the following description and in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.
[0043] While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices) . Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating described example aspects and example features may include additional example components and example features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers) . Aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.
[0044] As described above, wireless communication systems may be deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Some wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) . The multiple-access RATs may be capable of supporting communication with multiple wireless communication devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0045] Multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of Things (IoT) networks or reduced capability (RedCap) device deployments, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) applications, and / or massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , among other examples.
[0046] To support these and other target verticals, a wireless communication system may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , beamforming, IoT device or RedCap device connectivity and management, industrial connectivity, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , frequency spectrum expansion, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication (for example, sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) ) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, RF sensing, network energy savings (NES) , low-power signaling and radios, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples.
[0047] The foregoing and other technological improvements may support use cases, such as wireless fronthauls, wireless midhauls, wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples.
[0048] As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies or new technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases or new use cases.
[0049] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example environment 100 in which apparatuses and / or methods described herein may be implemented, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, the environment 100 may include a network entity 102, a network entity 104, and a network entity 106, that may communicate with one another via a network 108. The network entities 102, 104, and 106, may be dispersed throughout the network 108, and each network entity 102, 104, and 106 may be stationary and / or mobile. The network 108 may include wired communication connections, wireless communication connections, or a combination of wired and wireless communication connections.
[0050] The network 108 may include, for example, a cellular network (e.g., a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network, a CDMA network, a 4G network, a 5G network, a 6G network, or another type of next generation network, and / or the like) , a public land mobile network (PLMN) , a local area network (LAN) , a wide area network (WAN) , a metropolitan area network (MAN) , a telephone network (e.g., the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) ) , a private network, an ad hoc network, an intranet, the Internet, a fiber optic-based network, a cloud computing network, or the like, and / or a combination of these or other types of networks. The network 108 may include a wireless communication network 200, described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0051] As described herein, a network entity (which may alternatively be referred to as an entity, a node, a network node, or a wireless entity) may be, be similar to, include, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein, including a disaggregated base station) , a UE (e.g., any UE described herein) , a reduced capability (RedCap) device, an enhanced reduced capability (eRedCap) device, an ambient internet-of-things (IoT) device, an energy harvesting (EH) -capable device, a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU) , a central unit (CU) , a remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU) ) , and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network entity may be a UE. As another example, a network entity may be a base station. As used herein, “network entity” may refer to an entity that is configured to operate in a network, such as the network 108. For example, a “network entity” is not limited to an entity that is currently located in and / or currently operating in the network. Rather, a network entity may be any entity that is capable of communicating and / or operating in the network. A network entity may include a network node 210 or a UE 220, described in more detail in connection with Fig. 2.
[0052] The adjectives “first, ” “second, ” “third, ” and so on are used for contextual distinction between two or more of the modified noun in connection with a discussion and are not meant to be absolute modifiers that apply only to a certain respective entity throughout the entire document. For example, a network entity may be referred to as a “first network entity” in connection with one discussion and may be referred to as a “second network entity” in connection with another discussion, or vice versa. As an example, a first network entity may be configured to communicate with a second network entity or a third network entity. In one aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network entities may be different relative to these examples.
[0053] Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a network entity. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity) , the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity, “first network entity” may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first set of one or more one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and “second network entity” may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like.
[0054] As described herein, communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, or the like) may be described in various aspects using different terminology. Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network entity may be described as being configured to transmit information to a second network entity. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the first network entity is configured to provide, send, output, communicate, or transmit information to the second network entity. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the second network entity is configured to receive, obtain, or decode the information that is provided, sent, output, communicated, or transmitted by the first network entity.
[0055] As shown, the network entity 102 may include a processing system 110. Similarly, the network entity 106 may include a processing system 112. A processing system may include one or more components (or subcomponents) , such as one or more components described herein. For example, a respective component of the one or more components may be, be similar to, include, or be included in at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor. For example, a processing system may include one or more components. In such an example, the one or more components may include a first component, a second component, and a third component. In this example, the first component may be coupled to a second component and a third component. In this example, the first component may be at least one processor, the second component may be a communication interface, and the third component may be at least one memory. A processing system may generally be a system including one or more components that may perform one or more functions, such as any function or combination of functions described herein. For example, one or more components may receive input information (e.g., any information that is an input, such as a signal, any digital information, or any other information) , one or more components may process the input information to generate output information (e.g., any information that is an output, such as a signal or any other information) , one or more components may perform any function as described herein, or any combination thereof. A processing system (which may include the processing system 110 and the processing system 112) is described in more detail in connection with Fig. 2, such as in connection with processing system 240 and processing system 245.
[0056] As described herein, an “input” and “input information” may be used interchangeably. Similarly, as described herein, an “output” and “output information” may be used interchangeably. Any information generated by any component may be provided to one or more other systems or components of, for example, a network entity described herein. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate output information, and / or a third component configured to provide the output information to other systems or components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a processing system may include at least one memory, at least one communication interface, and / or at least one processor, where the at least one processor may, for example, be coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one communication interface.
[0057] A processing system of a network entity described herein may interface with one or more other components of the network entity, may process information received from one or more other components (such as input information) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to interface with one or more other components of the network entity to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate one or more outputs, and / or a third component configured to output the one or more outputs to one or more other components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a chip or modem of the network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may include a first communication interface to receive or obtain information, and a second communication interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first communication interface may be an interface configured to receive input information, and the information may be provided to the processing system. In some examples, the second system interface may be configured to transmit information output from the chip or modem. The second communication interface may also obtain or receive input information, and the first communication interface may also output, transmit, or provide information.
[0058] For example, as shown in Fig. 1, the processing system 110 may include a (e.g., one or more) communication manager 114 and one or more communication interfaces 116. The communication manager 114 may be configured to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. In some aspects, the communication manager 114 may direct the communication interface 120 and / or the processing system 110 to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. Similarly, the processing system 112 may include a (e.g., one or more) communication manager 118 and one or more communication interfaces 120. The communication manager 118 may be configured to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. In some aspects, the processing system 112 and / or the communication manager 118 may direct the communication interface 120 to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. Although depicted, for clarity of description, with reference only to the network entities 102 and 104, any one or more of the network entities 102, 104, and 106 also may include a communication manager and a communication interface.
[0059] As used herein, “communication interface” refers to an interface that enables communication (e.g., wireless communication, wired communication, or a combination thereof) between a first network entity and a second network entity. A communication interface may include electronic circuitry that enables a network entity to transmit, receive, or otherwise perform the communication. A communication interface may be, be similar to, include, or be included in one or more components that are configured to enable communication between the first network entity and the second network entity. For example, a communication interface may include a transmission component, a reception component, and / or a transceiver, among other examples. For example, a communication interface may include one or more transceivers, one or more receivers, and / or one or more transmitters configured to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. In some examples, a communication interface may include one or more RF components, an RF front end, one or more antennas, one or more transmit or receive processors, a demodulation component, and / or a modulation component, among other examples.
[0060] A communication interface may include a transmission component and / or a reception component. For example, a communication interface may include a transceiver and / or one or more separate receivers and / or transmitters that enable a network entity to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. In some examples, a communication interface may include one or more radio frequency reflective elements and / or one or more radio frequency refractive elements. The communication interface may enable the network entity to receive information from another apparatus and / or provide information to another apparatus. In some examples, the communication interface may include an Ethernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, an infrared interface, an RF interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a Wi-Fi interface, a cellular network interface, a wireless modem, an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) , and / or a serial peripheral interface (SPI) , among other examples.
[0061] As described herein, a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102 and / or the network entity 106) may be configured to perform one or more operations. Reference to a network entity being configured to perform one or more operations may refer to a processing system of the network entity being configured to perform the one or more operations and / or the processing system being configured to cause one or more components of the network entity to perform the one or more operations. For example, reference to the processing system being configured to perform one or more operations may refer to one or more components (or subcomponents) of the processing system performing the one or more operations. For example, the one or more components of the processing system may include at least one memory, at least one processor, and / or at least one communication interface, among other examples, that are configured to perform one or more (or all) of the one or more operations, and / or any combination thereof. Where reference is made to the network entity and / or the processing system being configured to perform operations, the network entity and / or the processing system may be configured to cause one component to perform all operations, or to cause more than one component to collectively perform the operations. When the network entity and / or the processing system is configured to cause more than one component to collectively perform the operations, each operation need not be performed by each of those components (e.g., different operations may be performed by different components) and / or each operation need not be performed in whole by only one component (e.g., different components may perform different sub-functions of an operation) .
[0062] As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the network entity 102 may (e.g., the processing system 110 may, or the processing system 110 may cause the communication manager 114 and / or the communication interface 116 to) transmit a first communication having a type; receive first information associated with the first communication; and / or perform, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 102 and / or the communication manager 114 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0063] As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the network entity 106 may (e.g., the processing system 112 may, or the processing system 112 may cause the communication manager 114 and / or the communication interface 116 to) receive a first communication having a type; and / or transmit first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 106 and / or the communication manager 118 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0064] The number and arrangement of entities shown in Fig. 1 are provided as one or more examples. In practice, there may be additional network entities and / or networks, fewer network entities and / or networks, different network entities and / or networks, or differently arranged network entities and / or networks than those shown in Fig. 1. Furthermore, the network entity 102, 104, and 106 may be implemented using a single apparatus or multiple apparatuses.
[0065] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 200, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 200 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 200 may include multiple network nodes 210. For example, in Fig. 2, the wireless communication network 200 includes a network node (NN) 210a and a network node 210b. The network nodes 210 may support communications with multiple UEs 220. For example, in Fig. 2, the network nodes 210 support communication with a UE 220a, a UE 220b, and a UE 220c. In some examples, a UE 220 may also communicate with other UEs 220 and a network node 210 may communicate with a core network and with other network nodes 210.
[0066] The network nodes 210 and the UEs 220 of the wireless communication network 200 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 200 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 200 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 200 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency bands or ranges. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with other RATs. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the wireless communication network 200 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 200 may support communication over unlicensed spectrum, where access to an unlicensed channel is subject to a channel access mechanism. For example, in a shared or unlicensed frequency band, a transmitting device may perform a channel access procedure, such as a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure, to contend against other devices for channel access before transmitting on a shared or unlicensed channel.
[0067] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into the mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to mid-band frequencies or to frequencies that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, FR5, and / or the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz.
[0068] A network node 210 and / or a UE 220 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication with other devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 200. For example, a UE 220 and a network node 210 may each include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system, such as a processing system 240 of the UE 220 or a processing system 245 of the network node 210. The processing system 240 and the processing system 245 may be similar to other processing systems described herein, such as the processing system 110 and the processing system 112. A processing system (for example, the processing system 240 and / or the processing system 245) includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “processor” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . Such processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set. In some other examples, each of a group of processors may be configurable or configured to perform a same set of functions.
[0069] The processing system 240 and the processing system 245 may each include memory circuitry in the form of one or multiple memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include or implement tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “memory” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code or instructions (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be configured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0070] The processing system 240 and the processing system 245 may each include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a cellular (for example, a 5G or 6G compliant) modem) . In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 240 and / or the processing system 245 include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system 240 and the processing system 245 may also include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 240 and / or the processing system 245 include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains, or transceivers. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by the processing system 240 of the UE 220 or by the processing system 245 of the network node 210) .
[0071] A network node 210 and a UE 220 may each include one or multiple antennas or antenna arrays. Typical network nodes 210 and UEs 220 may include multiple antennas, which may be organized or structured into one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. As used herein, the term “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. The term “antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters associated with the group of antennas. The term “antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas as well as one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device such as the network node 210 and the UE 220.
[0072] A network node 210 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) . In various deployments, a network node 210 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 210 may be a device or system that implements a part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 210 may be an aggregated network node having an aggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 210 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single physical structure in the wireless communication network 200. For example, an aggregated network node 210 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that operates with a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 220 and a core network of the wireless communication network 200.
[0073] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 210 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , having a disaggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 210 may operate with a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. An example disaggregated network node architecture is described in more detail below with reference to Fig. 2. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 210 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating network functionality into multiple units or modules that can be individually deployed.
[0074] The network nodes 210 of the wireless communication network 200 may include one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and one or more RUs. A CU may host one or more higher layers, such as a radio resource control (RRC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host a lower PHY layer that is configured to perform functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (IFFT) , beamforming, and / or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. An RU may perform RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an IFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer split (LLS) . In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 220. In some examples, a single network node 210 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples, which may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as in a cloud deployment.
[0075] Some network nodes 210 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. The term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 210 or to a network node 210 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 210 may support one or more cells (for example, each cell may support communication within an angular (for example, 60 degree) range around the network node) . In some examples, a network node 210 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 220 with associated service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may also allow unrestricted access by UEs 220 with associated service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 220 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 220 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 210 (for example, a train, a satellite, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0076] The wireless communication network 200 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 210 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. Various different types of network nodes 210 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas (for example, a cell 230a and a cell 230b) , and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 200 than other types of network nodes 210.
[0077] The UEs 220 may be physically dispersed throughout the coverage area of the wireless communication network 200, and each UE 220 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 220 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an access terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 220 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry) , a gaming device, an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0078] Some UEs 220 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 220 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 200, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 220 in a second category. UEs 220 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 200, among other examples. A third category of UEs 220 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between that of the UEs 220 of the first category and that of the UEs 220 of the second capability) . A UE 220 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capability UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0079] Some IoT devices, such as A-IoT devices (sometimes referred to as ultra-light IoT devices) , may be associated with a relatively simple hardware design that may be designed to use low power and be implementable at low cost. A-IoT technology may include passive IoT (such as NR passive IoT for 5G Advanced) , semi-passive IoT, active IoT, or ultra-light IoT. In passive IoT, a terminal (such as a tag or a similar device) may not include a battery or other long-term energy storage, and the terminal may accumulate energy from radio signaling. In some examples, the terminal may accumulate solar or other energy to supplement accumulated energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, backscattering communication may be implemented at a type of passive IoT device referred to as an “ambient backscatter device” or a “backscatter device, ” which may modulate a reflecting radio signal from an RF source to convey data. Some IoT devices may be referred to as semi-passive IoT devices. At a semi-passive IoT device, communication between a reader and the IoT device does not need to be preceded by an energy harvesting waveform. For example, a semi-passive IoT device may include a battery or similar energy source that can power the semi-passive IoT device. Some IoT devices may be referred to as active IoT devices. An active IoT device may have a battery or similar energy source and an active radio, allowing for active transmission and reception without energy harvesting or backscattering. A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with industrial sensors, for which battery replacement may be prohibitively difficult or undesirable (such as for safety monitoring or fault detection in smart factories, infrastructures, or environments) . Additionally, features of A-IoT devices, such as low cost, small size, simple or infrequent maintenance, durability, and long lifespan, may facilitate smart logistics and warehousing (for example, in connection with automated asset management) . Furthermore, A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with smart home networks for household item management, wearable devices, or similar applications.
[0080] In some examples, a network node 210 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 220 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 210 to a UE 220, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 220 to a network node 210. Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (for example, frames, subframes, slots, and symbols) , frequency domain resources (for example, frequency bands, component carriers (CCs) , subcarriers, resource blocks, and resource elements) , and spatial domain resources (for example, particular transmit directions or beams) .
[0081] Frequency domain resources may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous set of resource blocks (RBs) within a full component carrier bandwidth) that may be configured at a UE-specific level. A UE 220 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (which may be the same or different) . Each BWP may be associated with its own numerology (indicating a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) ) . A BWP may be dynamically configured or activated (for example, by a network node 210 transmitting a downlink control information (DCI) configuration to the one or more UEs 220) and / or reconfigured (for example, in real-time or near-real-time) according to changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 200 and / or specific requirements of one or more UEs 220. An active BWP defines the operating bandwidth of the UE 220 within the operating bandwidth of the serving cell. The use of BWPs enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 200 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 220 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 220 is required to monitor and reduce UE power consumption by enabling the UE to monitor fewer frequency domain resources) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 220. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability (for example, RedCap) UEs 220 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 220 and / or by facilitating reduced UE power consumption.
[0082] As used herein, a downlink signal may be or include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, downlink reference signals include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary SS (SSS) , an SS block (SSB) (for example, that includes a PSS, an SSS, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) ) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , a tracking reference signal (TRS) , and a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) , among other examples. A downlink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via a downlink channel. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Downlink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, downlink control channel communications and / or downlink data channel communications. A downlink control channel may be specifically used to transmit DCI from a network node 210 to a UE 220. DCI generally contains the information the UE 220 needs to identify RBs in a subsequent subframe and how to decode them, including a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or redundancy version parameters. Different DCI formats carry different information, such as scheduling information in the form of downlink or uplink grants, slot formal indicators (SFIs) , preemption indicators (PIs) , transmit power control (TPC) commands, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information, new data indicators (NDIs) , among other examples. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 220) from a network node 210 to a UE 220. Downlink control channels may include physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PDCCH and PDSCH, respectively. For example, a PDCCH can carry DCI, while a PDSCH can carry a MAC control element (MAC-CE) , an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. Each PDSCH may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data.
[0083] As used herein, an uplink signal may include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, uplink reference signals include a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a PTRS, and a DMRS, among other examples. An uplink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via an uplink channel. An uplink channel may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Uplink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, uplink control channel communications and / or uplink data channel communications. An uplink control channel may be specifically used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from a UE 220 to a network node 210. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 220) from a UE 220 to a network node 210. Uplink control channels may include physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PUCCH and PUSCH, respectively. For example, a PUCCH can carry UCI, while a PUSCH can carry a MAC-CE, an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. UCI can include a scheduling request (SR) , HARQ feedback information (for example, a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) indication or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication) , uplink power control information (for example, an uplink TPC parameter) , and / or CSI, among other examples. CSI can include a channel quality indicator (CQI) (indicative of downlink channel conditions to facilitate selection of transmission parameters, such as an MCS, by a network node 210) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit a CSI-RS) , an SS / PBCH resource block indicator (SSBRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit an SSB) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and / or measurement information (for example, a layer 1 (L1) -reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, among other examples) which can be used for beam management, among other examples. Each PUSCH may carry one or more TBs of data.
[0084] The information (for example, data, control information, or reference signal information) transmitted by a network node 210 to a UE 220, or vice versa, may be represented as a sequence of binary bits that are mapped (for example, modulated) to an analog signal waveform (for example, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) -spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform or a CP-OFDM waveform) that is transmitted by the network node 210 or UE 220 over a wireless communication channel. In some examples, the network node 210 or the UE 220 (for example, using the processing system 245 or the processing system 240, respectively) may select an MCS (for example, an order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , such as 64-QAM, 128-QAM, or 256-QAM, among other examples) for a downlink signal or an uplink signal. For example, the network node 210 may select an MCS for a downlink signal in accordance with UCI received from the UE 220. The network node 210 may transmit, to the UE 220, an indication of the selected MCS for the downlink signal, such as via DCI that schedules the downlink signal. As another example, the network node 210 may transmit, and the UE 220 may receive, an indication of an MCS to be applied for the one or more uplink signals, such as via DCI scheduling transmission of the one or more uplink signals.
[0085] The network node 210 or the UE 220 (such as by using the processing system 245 or the processing system 240, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing on the information (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, an IFFT operation, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, and / or encoding, among other examples) to generate a processed signal in accordance with the selected MCS. In some examples, the network node 210 or the UE 220 (for example, using the processing system 245 or the processing system 240, respectively, and / or one or more coupled encoders or modems) may perform a channel coding operation or a forward error correction (FEC) operation to control errors in transmitted information. For example, the network node 210 or the UE 220 may perform an encoding operation to generate encoded information (such as by selectively introducing redundancy into the information, typically using an error correction code (ECC) , such as a polar code or a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code) . The network node 210 or the UE 220 (for example, using the processing system 245 and / or one or more modems) may further perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the encoded information to generate one or more processed or precoded signals for downlink or uplink transmission, respectively. In some examples, the network node 210 or the UE 220 may perform codebook-based precoding or non-codebook-based precoding. Codebook-based precoding may involve selecting a precoder (for example, a precoding matrix) using a codebook. For example, the network node 210 may provide precoding information indicating which precoder, defined by the codebook, is to be used by the UE 220. Non-codebook-based precoding may involve selecting or deriving a precoder based on, or otherwise associated with, one or more downlink or uplink signal measurements. The network node 210 or the UE 220 may transmit the processed downlink or uplink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas.
[0086] The network node 210 or the UE 220 may receive uplink signals or downlink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas. The network node 210 or the UE 220 (for example, using the processing system 245 or the processing system 240, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing (for example, in accordance with the MCS) on the received uplink or downlink signals, respectively (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, an FFT operation, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, and / or decoding, among other examples) , to map the received signal (s) to a sequence of binary bits (for example, received information) that estimates the information transmitted by the network node 210 or the UE 220 via the downlink or uplink signals. The network node 210 or the UE 220 (for example, using the processing system 245 or the processing system 240, respectively, and / or a coupled decoder or one or more modems) may decode the received information (such as by using an ECC, a decoding operation, and / or an FEC operation) to detect errors and / or correct bit errors in the received information to generate decoded information. The decoded information may estimate the information transmitted via the downlink or uplink signals.
[0087] In some examples, a UE 220 and a network node 210 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. A network node 210 and / or UE 220 may communicate using massive MIMO, multi-user MIMO, or single-user MIMO, which may involve rapid switching between beams or cells. For example, the amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating a phase shift, a phase offset, and / or an amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. For example, the network node 210b may generate one or more beams 260a, and the UE 220b may generate one or more beams 260b. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction, a directional reception of a wireless signal from a transmitting device or otherwise in a desired direction, a direction associated with a directional transmission or directional reception, a set of directional resources associated with a signal transmission or signal reception (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal, among other examples.
[0088] MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may include a massive MIMO technique which may be associated with an increased (for example, “massive” ) quantity of antennas at the network node 210 and / or at the UE 220, such as in a network implementing mmWave technology. Massive MIMO may improve communication reliability by enabling a network node 210 and / or a UE 220 to communicate the same data across different propagation (or spatial) paths. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ MIMO techniques, such as multi-TRP (mTRP) operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0089] To support MIMO techniques, the network node 210 and the UE 220 may perform one or more beam management operations, such as an initial beam acquisition operation, one or more beam refinement operations, and / or a beam recovery operation. For example, an initial beam acquisition operation may involve the network node 210 transmitting signals (for example, SSBs, CSI-RSs, or other signals) via respective beams (for example, of the beams 260a of the network node 210) and the UE 220 receiving and measuring the signal (s) via respective beams of multiple beams (for example, from the beams 260b of the UE 220) to identify a best beam (or beam pair) for communication between the UE 220 and the network node 210. For example, the UE 220 may transmit an indication (for example, in a message associated with a random access channel (RACH) operation) of a (best) identified beam of the network node 210 (for example, by indicating an SSBRI or other identifier associated with the beam) . A beam refinement operation may involve a first device (for example, the UE 220 or the network node 210) transmitting signal (s) via a subset of beams (for example, identified based on, or otherwise associated with, measurements reported as part of one or more other beam management operations) . A second device (for example, the network node 210 or the UE 220) may receive the signal (s) via a single beam (for example, to identify the best beam for communication from the subset of beams) . The beam (s) may be identified via one or more spatial parameters, such as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state and / or a quasi co-location (QCL) parameter, among other examples. The network node 210 and the UE 220 may increase reliability and / or achieve efficiencies in throughput, signal strength, and / or other signal properties for massive MIMO operations by performing the beam management operations.
[0090] Some aspects and techniques as described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using an artificial intelligence (AI) program (for example, referred to herein as an “AI / ML model” ) , such as a program that includes a machine learning (ML) model and / or an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The AI / ML model may be deployed at one or more devices 265 (for example, one or more network nodes 210, one or more UEs 220, and / or one or more servers, and / or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples) . For example, in an deployment where AI / ML functionality is performed independently at a device 265, sometimes referred to as “overlay AI / ML” , the AI / ML model (or an instance or portion of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at a UE 220 (for example, at the processing system 240) , a network node 210 (for example, at the processing system 245) , one or more servers, and / or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples. Additionally or alternatively, in a deployment where AI / ML functionality is coordinated between different devices 265, sometimes referred to as “coordinated AI / ML” , or performed at all device and network layers, sometimes referred to as “native AI / ML” , the AI / ML model (or an instance of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at multiple devices 265 (for example, a first portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 220 and a second portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 210) . In other examples of coordinated AI / ML and / or native AI / ML, a first AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 220 and a second AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 210. The AI / ML model (s) may be configured to enhance various aspects of the wireless communication network 200 (for example, to increase privacy, reliability, and / or efficient use of network bandwidth, and / or to reduce latency, among other examples) . For example, the AI / ML model (s) may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to the wireless communication network 200, a device, and / or an air interface, among other examples. The AI / ML model (s) may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communications devices, networks, or services.
[0091] Accordingly, in some examples, the AI / ML model (s) may enable AI-as-a-Service (for example, an end-to-end AI / ML service via a user plane) for use cases such as a self-organizing network (SON) , minimization of drive test (MDT) , quality of experience (QoE) , positioning, sensing, predictive mobility, and / or traffic prediction, among other examples. In some examples, AI-as-a-Service use cases may include measurement collection reporting by a UE 220, device selection criteria (for example, according to a geographical area where measurements are to be collected and / or UE capabilities to be used to collected measurements) , and / or reporting configurations (for example, reporting parameters such as location, time, and / or sensor information, among other examples) . Additionally or alternatively, the AI / ML model (s) may enable AI / ML procedures (for example, RAN-triggered service establishment, configuration, inferencing using UE-side and / or network-side models, performance monitoring and / or management, and / or capability signaling, among other examples) . Additionally or alternatively, the AI / ML model (s) may enable RAN-based AI / ML services via one or more application program interfaces (APIs) and / or management interfaces for use cases such as beam management, radio resource monitoring (RRM) relaxation, mobility prediction, load prediction, network energy savings, and / or coverage and capacity improvements, among other examples) .
[0092] In some aspects, a UE 220 (e.g., an A-IoT device) may include a communication manager 250. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 250 may transmit a first communication having a type; receive first information associated with the first communication; and perform, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 250 (such as when the UE 220 is a reader) may receive a first communication having a type; and transmit first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 250 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0093] In some aspects, the network node 210 (e.g., a reader) may include a communication manager 255. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 255 may receive a first communication having a type; and transmit first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 255 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0094] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture 300, in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated network node architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 210) . The disaggregated network node architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a non-real-time (Non-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a near-real-time (Near-RT) RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 220 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 220 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0095] Each of the components of the disaggregated network node architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0096] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0097] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0098] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB 380 with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0099] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0100] The network entity 102, the processing system 110 of the network entity 102, the network entity 106, the processing system 112 of the network entity 106, the network node 210, the processing system 245 of the network node 210, the UE 220, the processing system 240 of the UE 220, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1-3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with a re-access indication, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the processing system 110 of the network entity 102, the processing system 112 of the network entity 106, the processing system 245 of the network node 210, the processing system 240 of the UE 220, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . In some aspects, the reader described herein is the network node 210, is included in the network node 210, or includes one or more components of the network node 210 shown in Figs. 1-3. In some other aspects, the reader described herein is the UE 220, is included in the UE 220, or includes one or more components of the UE 220 shown in Figs. 1-3.
[0101] Memory of the network node 210 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the network node 210, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. In some examples, the memory of the network node 210 may store data relating to a UE 220, such as RRC state information or a UE context. Memory of a UE 220 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the UE 220, such as context information. In some examples, the memory of the UE 220 or the memory of the network node 210 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. For example, the set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors (for example, of the processing system 110, the processing system 112, the processing system 245, or the processing system 240) of the network entity 102, the network entity 106, the network node 210, the UE 220, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0102] In some aspects, a network entity (e.g., an A-IoT device) includes means for transmitting a first communication having a type; means for receiving first information associated with the first communication; and / or means for performing, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type. In some aspects, the means for the network entity to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 250, processing system 240, processing system 110, communication manager 114, communication interface 116, processing system 112, communication manager 118, communication interface 120, a radio (e.g., a passive radio, a low-complexity semi-passive radio, or a low-complexity active radio) , an energy harvester, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1102 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 11) and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1104 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 11) , among other examples.
[0103] In some aspects, a network entity (e.g., a reader) includes means for receiving a first communication having a type; and / or means for transmitting first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted. In some aspects, the means for the network entity to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 250, processing system 240, processing system 110, communication manager 114, communication interface 116, processing system 112, communication manager 118, communication interface 120, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1202 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 12) and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1204 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 12) , among other examples. In some other aspects, the means for the network entity to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 255, processing system 245, processing system 110, communication manager 114, communication interface 116, processing system 112, communication manager 118, communication interface 120, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1202 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 12) and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1204 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 12) , among other examples.
[0104] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating examples 400, 410, and 420 associated with different types of ambient IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0105] Example 400 illustrates components of a passive ambient IoT device. As shown, passive ambient IoT devices may include an energy harvester 425 and a passive radio 430. For example, the passive radio 430 may be configured to backscatter a carrier wave (CW) . For example, passive ambient IoT devices may not include energy storage. The passive ambient IoT devices may harvest energy (e.g., via the energy harvester 425) to power the passive radio 430 to enable the passive radio 430 to perform reception and transmission operations.
[0106] Example 410 illustrates components of a semi-passive ambient IoT device. As shown, semi-passive ambient IoT devices may include an energy harvester 440, an energy storage 450, and / or a low-complexity semi-passive radio 460. For example, the low-complexity semi-passive radio 460 may be configured to harvest energy from a CW using the energy harvester 440, store energy from a CW using the energy storage 450, and / or backscatter a CW.
[0107] Example 420 illustrates components of an active ambient IoT device. As shown, active ambient IoT devices may include an energy harvester 440, an energy storage 450, and / or a low-complexity (for example, low-cost) active radio 470. For example, the low-complexity active radio 470 may be configured to harvest energy from a CW using the energy harvester 440, store energy from a CW using the energy storage 450, and / or backscatter a CW.
[0108] Ambient IoT devices may be categorized into at least three types of devices: device 1, device 2a, and device 2b. Device 1 type ambient IoT devices may include at least some passive and / or semi-passive devices. A device 1 type ambient IoT device may have approximately 1 microwatt (μW) peak power consumption, support energy storage, use an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm (for example, where X can be any suitable value) , and communicate uplink transmissions by backscattering externally-provided CWs.
[0109] Device 2a type ambient IoT devices may include at least some semi-passive devices, and device 2b type ambient IoT devices may include active devices. Both device 2a and device 2b type ambient IoT devices may have less than or equal to a few hundred μW peak power consumption, support energy storage, and use an initial SFO up to 10X ppm. A device 2a type ambient IoT device may communicate uplink transmissions by backscattering externally-provided CWs. A device 2b type ambient IoT device may communicate uplink transmissions by internally generating the uplink transmission.
[0110] In some examples, device 1, device 2a, and / or device 2b type ambient IoT devices that are located indoors may support a maximum distance of 10-50 m, a range which may be sub-selected. In Topology 1 (for example, in which an ambient IoT device may directly and bidirectionally communicate with one or more network nodes 210) and in Topology 2 (for example, in which an ambient IoT device may communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the ambient IoT device and a network node 210) , device 1, device 2a, and / or device 2b type ambient IoT devices may not support RRC states, mobility (for example, cell-selection / re-selection-like functionality) , automatic repeat request (ARQ) , or hybrid ARQ (HARQ) .
[0111] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 4.
[0112] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 associated with backscatter communications, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0113] Some wireless communication devices may be considered IoT devices, such as ambient IoT devices (sometimes referred to as ultra-light IoT devices) , or similar IoT devices. In ambient IoT, a terminal (for example, a radio frequency identification (RFID) device, a tag, or a similar device) may not include a battery, and the terminal may accumulate energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, wireless networks may utilize a type of ambient IoT device referred to as an “ambient backscatter device” or a “backscatter device. ”
[0114] As shown in Fig. 5, a backscatter device 505 (for example, a tag or a sensor, among other examples) , which may be one example of an ambient IoT device such as a passive, semi-passive, or active ambient IoT device described with regard to Fig. 4, may employ a simplified hardware design (for example, including a power splitter, an energy harvester, and a microcontroller) that does not include a battery, such that the backscatter device 505 relies on energy harvesting for power, and that does not include a radio wave generation circuit, such that the backscatter device 505 is capable of transmitting information only by reflecting a radio wave. More particularly, the backscatter device 505 communicates with a reader 508 (for example, a UE 220, a network node 210, a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102, the network entity 104, or the network entity 106) or another network device) by modulating a reflecting radio signal from an RF source 510 (for example, a network node 210, a UE 220, or another network device) . In some examples, the RF source 510 and the reader 508 may be the same device and / or may be co-located. For example, in some instances, the reader 508 and the RF source 510 may be associated with the same network node 210.
[0115] To facilitate communication of the backscatter device 505, the RF source 510 may transmit an energy harvesting wave to the backscatter device 505. The energy harvesting wave may be transmitted for a sufficient duration in order to enable a communication phase for a target range between the reader 508 and the backscatter device 505. Additionally, or alternatively, in some instances, a range between the RF source 510 and the backscatter device 505 may be limited by a minimum received power for triggering energy harvesting at the backscatter device 505, such as -20 decibel milliwatts (dBm) .
[0116] Once energy is sufficiently accumulated at the backscatter device 505, the backscatter device 505 may begin to reflect the radio wave that is radiated onto the backscatter device 505 via a backscatter link 515. For example, the RF source 510 may initiate a communication session (sometimes referred to as a query-response communication) with a query, which may be a modulating envelope of a carrier wave (CW) . The backscatter device 505 may respond by backscattering of the CW. The communication session may include multiple rounds, such as for purposes of contention resolution when multiple backscatter devices respond to a query. A channel between the RF source 510 and the backscatter device 505 of the backscatter link 515 may be associated with a first backscatter link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a first backscatter link channel coefficient or a first backscatter link gain value) , hBD. As described below, the backscatter device 505 may have reflection-on periods and reflection-off periods that follow a pattern that is based at least in part on the transmission of information bits by the backscatter device 505. The reader 508 may detect the reflection pattern of the backscatter device 505 and obtain the backscatter communication information via the backscatter link 515. A channel between the reader 508 and the backscatter device 505 of the backscatter link 515 may be associated with a second backscatter link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a second backscatter link channel coefficient or a second backscatter link channel gain value) , hDU. In addition, the RF source 510 and the reader 508 may communicate (for example, reference signals and / or data signals) via a direct link 520. A channel between the RF source 510 and the reader 508 of the direct link 520 may be associated with a direct link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a direct link channel coefficient or a direct link channel gain value) , hBU shown by reference number 525.
[0117] Thus, the resulting signal received at the reader 508, which is the superposition of the signal received via the direct link 520 and the signal received via the backscatter link 515, may be denoted as y (n) . This signal, y (n) , is shown by reference number 535. As shown, when s (n) =0 (indicated by reference number 540 in the plot shown at reference number 530) , the backscatter device 505 may switch off reflection, and thus the reader 508 receives only the direct link 520 signal. When s (n) =1 (indicated by reference number 545 in the plot shown at reference number 530) , the backscatter device 505 may switch on reflection, and thus the reader 508 receives a superposition of both the direct link 520 signal and the backscatter link 515 signal. To receive the information bits transmitted by the backscatter device 505, the reader 508 may first decode x (n) based at least in part on the direct link channel response value of hBU (n) by treating the backscatter link 515 signal as interference. The reader 508 may then detect the existence of the signal component.
[0118] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 5.
[0119] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 associated with an access procedure for ambient IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure. The access procedure may be referred to as an ambient IoT access procedure, a random access procedure, and / or a contention-based access procedure, among other examples. As shown in Fig. 6, a reader 605 and one or more A-IoT devices 610 may communicate with one another to perform the access procedure. The reader 605 may be a UE (e.g., the UE 220) , a network node (e.g., the network node 210) , and / or a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102, a network entity 104, or a network entity 106) . The A-IoT device 610 may be a UE (e.g., the UE 220) , a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102, a network entity 104, or a network entity 106) , a backscatter device (e.g., the backscatter device 505) , an ambient backscatter device, a terminal (such as an RFID device, a tag, or a similar device) , a passive IoT device, a semi-passive IoT device, and / or another type of A-IoT device as described in more detail in connection with Figs. 4 and 5.
[0120] In some examples, the reader 605 may transmit system information for A-IoT devices. For example, the system information may include access procedure configuration information. The access procedure configuration information may include one or more parameters to be used in the access procedure, such as one or more parameters for transmitting an access procedure communication and / or one or more parameters for receiving an access procedure communication, as described herein. The system information may include an identifier of the reader 605. In some examples, the reader 605 may transmit the system information via a physical channel communication. The physical channel may be a communication channel defined for reader-to-device (R2D) data transmissions (e.g., a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) ) .
[0121] The access procedure may be a contention-based access procedure, such as a random access procedure (e.g., an additive links online Hawaii area (ALOHA) random access procedure or a slotted-ALOHA random access procedure) . For example, the access procedure may be an A-IoT contention-based procedure initiated by the reader 605. “Contention-based” access procedure refers to an access procedure in which resources (e.g., transmission occasions, time-frequency resources, a unique sequence (a preamble) , or other resources) for the access procedure are made available to multiple devices (e.g., multiple UEs or multiple A-IoT devices) for selection. In contention-based access procedures, a device attempting to establish access to a network may randomly select one of the resources. In contrast, non-contention-based access procedures may include a device (e.g., a network node or the reader 605) allocating dedicated resources (e.g., transmission occasions, time-frequency resources, a unique sequence (a preamble) , or other resources) for a given device to be used to establish access to the network. Contention-based access procedures may improve efficiency (e.g., because each device does not need to be allocated dedicated resources before the access procedure can be performed) and / or improve flexibility (such as for IoT scenarios where devices may enter and leave the network frequently) .
[0122] As shown by reference number 615, the reader 605 may transmit a first access procedure communication for the access procedure. The first access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 0, an msg. 0, an inventory trigger message, and / or a paging message (e.g., an A-IoT paging message) , among other examples. The first access procedure communication may include information indicative of a set of A-IoT devices including the A-IoT device 610. For example, the first access procedure communication may include a command (i.e., a query) to indicate a specified group of A-IoT devices (e.g., including the A-IoT device 610) that are to respond (e.g., to establish a communication connection with the reader 605) . In some examples, the first access procedure communication may include identifiers of respective A-IoT devices included in the set of A-IoT devices. In some examples, the first access procedure communication may be interleaved among multiple first access procedure communications from respective readers. In such examples, the first access procedure communication may include an identifier of the reader 605.
[0123] The reader 605 may transmit the first access procedure communication to locate or identify A-IoT devices that are available in a given area at a given time. For example, the reader 605 may be unaware of which and / or how many A-IoT devices are available or located in a given area at a given time. Therefore, the reader 605 may transmit the first access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 0 or an inventory trigger message) to initiate the access procedure (e.g., to enable the reader 605 to identify which and / or how many A-IoT devices are available and to establish a communication connection with one or more of the available A-IoT devices) .
[0124] As shown by reference number 620, the A-IoT device 610 may transmit, and the reader 605 may receive, a second access procedure communication for the access procedure. The second access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 1, an msg. 1, and / or an inventory trigger response, among other examples. For example, the A-IoT device 610 may receive the first access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 0 and / or the inventory trigger message) and identify that the A-IoT device 610 is to respond to the first access procedure communication. For example, the first access procedure communication may include an identifier of the A-IoT device 610. The A-IoT device 610 may identify that the A-IoT device 610 is to respond to the first access procedure communication based on, or otherwise associated with, the first access procedure communication including the identifier of the A-IoT device 610.
[0125] The second access procedure communication may include a preamble or other unique sequence (sometimes referred to as a random access preamble, a PRACH preamble, an access procedure sequence, or a RAM preamble) . The second access procedure communication may include a preamble identifier. In some examples, the second access procedure communication may include an identifier. The identifier may be a randomly generated identifier. The A-IoT device 610 may determine the identifier. In some examples, the identifier may have a fixed size, such as 16 bits or another size. For example, the identifier may be a M-bit random identifier (e.g., where M is the fixed size) . In some examples, the second access procedure communication may only include the identifier. In some other examples, the second access procedure communication may include the identifier and / or the preamble or other unique sequence.
[0126] In some examples, the A-IoT device 610 may transmit the second access procedure communication with a frequency shift. For example, A-IoT devices (such as the A-IoT device 610) that receive the first access procedure communication and that the first access procedure communication includes an identifier of that A-IoT device may select a frequency shift (e.g., from a set of frequency shifts) to be used to transmit the response to the first access procedure communication (e.g., to transmit the second access procedure communication) . For example, the A-IoT device 610 may support one or more frequency shifts (e.g., frequency shifts associated with a backscatter signal) . For example, when transmitting the second access procedure communication, the A-IoT device 610 may apply (or add) a frequency shift to backscatter.
[0127] In some examples, the preamble or other unique sequence associated with the second access procedure communication may include an orthogonal sequence, such as a Hadamard sequence or another orthogonal sequence. Because the sequences are orthogonal, the reader 605 can distinguish between different preambles (e.g., from different A-IoT devices) even if the different preambles are transmitted at the same time. This reduces the chance that two A-IoT devices choosing the same sequence will interfere with each other, as the reader 605 can differentiate between the signals (e.g., thereby reducing the likelihood of collisions associated with msg. 1 transmissions by multiple A-IoT devices) .
[0128] As shown by reference number 625, the reader 605 may transmit, and the A-IoT device 610 may receive, a third access procedure communication. The third access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 2, an Msg. 2, and / or a random access response, among other examples. The third access procedure communication may include information indicative of the identifier included in the second access procedure communication transmitted by the A-IoT device 610 (e.g., as described in connection with reference number 620) . Additionally, or alternatively, the third access procedure communication may include information indicative of the sequence (e.g., the preamble) included in the second access procedure communication. Additionally, or alternatively, the third access procedure communication may include information indicative of the detected frequency shift applied to the second access procedure communication transmitted by the A-IoT device 610. Additionally, or alternatively, the third access procedure communication may indicate a resource allocation to be used by the A-IoT device 610 to transmit a fourth access procedure communication (e.g., as described in connection with reference number 630) . In some examples, the third access procedure communication may be interleaved among multiple third access procedure communications from respective readers. In such examples, the third access procedure communication may include the identifier of the reader 605 and / or an index of the message indicated by the third access procedure communication.
[0129] As shown by reference number 630, the A-IoT device 610 may transmit, and the reader 605 may receive, a fourth access procedure communication. The fourth access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 3, an msg. 3, and / or a connection request message, among other examples. For example, the A-IoT device 610 may transmit the fourth access procedure communication based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with detecting the third access procedure communication that includes information indicative of the sequence transmitted by the A-IoT device 610 (e.g., in the second access procedure communication) and / or of the frequency shift applied by the A-IoT device 610.
[0130] The fourth access procedure communication may include D2R data. For example, the fourth access procedure communication may include information indicative of a device type, an identifier, a group, and / or other information about the A-IoT device 610. The reader 605 may use the information included in the fourth access procedure communication for contention resolution.
[0131] As shown by reference number 635, the reader 605 may transmit, and the A-IoT device may receive, a fifth access procedure communication. The fifth access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 4, an msg. 4, and / or a connection setup message, among other examples. In some examples, the fifth access procedure communication may include the detected A-IoT device identifier, a timing advance value, and / or contention resolution information. The reader 605 and the A-IoT device 610 may establish a communication connection based on, or otherwise associated with, the communication of the fifth access procedure communication.
[0132] The access procedure depicted and described in connection with Fig. 6 is an example of a four-step (or five-step) access procedure. In other examples, a two-step access procedure, a three-step access procedure, or another type of access procedure may be performed in a similar manner. For example, in a two-step access procedure, information described herein that is included in the Msg. 1 and the Msg. 3 may be included in a single message (e.g., a message A or an Msg. A) . Additionally, or alternatively, information described herein that is included in the Msg. 2 and the Msg. 4 may be included in a single message (e.g., a message B or an Msg. B) .
[0133] In some examples, the access procedure may not be successful. For example, the reader 605 may be unable to perform contention resolution for the A-IoT device 610 and / or one or more communications may not be successfully received during the access procedure. In such examples, the A-IoT device 610 may perform a re-access operation to attempt to perform the access procedure again. “Re-access operation” refers to an operation to retry or re-initiate an operation or procedure (e.g., a D2R data transmission) previously attempted by a network entity, such as the A-IoT device 610. For example, in the context of the access procedure, the re-access operation may include the A-IoT device 610 initiating another instance of the access procedure by transmitting another transmission of the second access procedure communication (e.g., another Msg. 1 transmission) in another transmission occasion (e.g., time-frequency resources indicated by the reader 605) . For example, the re-access operation may include the A-IoT device 610 attempting to perform the access procedure again in another opportunity that is controlled and / or provided by the reader 605 (e.g., to retry the access procedure) . In some examples, the reader 605 may transmit (e.g., repeat) an R2D upper layer command (e.g., the inventory trigger message or the Msg. 0) to cause (e.g., to trigger) the A-IoT device 610 to transmit (e.g., to re-send) the second access procedure communication (e.g., another Msg. 1 transmission or D2R data) .
[0134] In some examples, whether the A-IoT device 610 performs the re-access operation may be controlled and / or indicated by the reader 605. For example, the A-IoT device 610 may not (e.g., may not be expected to) autonomously perform the re-access operation (e.g., the A-IoT device may not perform the re-access operation unless receiving explicit instructions to do so from the reader 605) . The reader 605 may transmit, and the A-IoT device 610 may receive, an R2D message that indicates one or more access occasions (e.g., random access occasions) that can be used for the re-access operation. The A-IoT device 610 may transmit the second access procedure communication (e.g., another Msg. 1 transmission) during one of the access occasions indicated by the reader 605 in the R2D message.
[0135] In some examples, the reader 605 may transmit an indication of whether the access procedure was successful or failed. In some examples, the reader 605 may transmit, to the A-IoT device 610, an R2D message indicating that the access procedure failed (e.g., a failure feedback indication) . The R2D message may be transmitted after the reader 605 receives a D2R message, such as the Msg. 3 or another D2R message. The reception of the failure feedback indication may be indicative of whether the A-IoT device 610 is to perform a re-access operation or to attempt another D2R message, such as another Msg. 3 transmission. The failure feedback indication may include a negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication and at least a portion of the identifier of the A-IoT device 610 (e.g., indicated in the Msg. 2 or another R2D message) . In some other examples, the failure feedback indication may only include at least a portion of the identifier of the A-IoT device 610 (e.g., indicated in the Msg. 2 or another R2D message) . In other examples, the failure feedback indication may be an implicit indication that is based on whether an R2D message (e.g., the Msg. 2 or another message) includes the identifier of the A-IoT device 610 (e.g., if the R2D message does not include the identifier, then this is indicative of the failure feedback indication being provided) .
[0136] In other examples, the reader 605 may transmit, to the A-IoT device 610, an R2D message indicating that the access procedure was successful (e.g., a success feedback indication) . The R2D message may be transmitted after the reader 605 receives a D2R message, such as the Msg. 3 or another D2R message. The reception of the success feedback indication may be indicative of whether the A-IoT device 610 is to perform a re-access operation or to attempt another D2R message, such as another Msg. 3 transmission. For example, a failure to receive the success indication may indicate that the A-IoT device 610 is to perform a re-access operation or to attempt another D2R message, such as another Msg. 3 transmission. In other examples, whether the A-IoT device 610 is to perform a re-access operation or to attempt another D2R message may be based on both the failure feedback indication and the success feedback indication.
[0137] In some examples, a large quantity of A-IoT devices 610 may be deployed in a wireless communication network. Therefore, when the reader 605 initiates an access procedure, a large quantity of A-IoT devices 610 may respond with D2R messages, such as Msg. 1 messages. As a result, collisions may occur, where multiple A-IoT devices 610 transmit the same preamble using the same time-frequency resources (e.g., the same access occasion) . Therefore, the re-access operation to enable the A-IoT devices 610 to retry the access procedure may be beneficial due to the increased likelihood of collisions and / or failed contention resolution associated with the access procedure. However, if the A-IoT devices 610 always perform the re-access operation in the event of a failure of the access procedure, the A-IoT devices 610 may consume significant power resources and / or increase latency associated with completing the access procedure, due to starting the access procedure over at the beginning. Therefore, in some cases, it may be beneficial for the A-IoT device (s) 610 to retry a previous D2R message, such as an Msg. 3 message (e.g., rather than performing the re-access operation to start over with an Msg. 1 message) . However, in some cases, the reader 605 may be unable to resolve contention issues or collisions for the D2R message, such as when multiple A-IoT devices are attempting to transmit the D2R message. In such examples, retrying the previous D2R message, such as an Msg. 3 message, may not meaningfully increase the likelihood of the reader 605 successfully receiving the D2R message. Therefore, in some cases, performing the re-access operation may be more beneficial for A-IoT devices, and in other cases performing another transmission of a D2R message (e.g., the Msg. 3 message) may be more beneficial. However, current mechanisms do not provide flexibility for switching whether the re-access operation or a retry of the D2R message is to be performed (e.g., either the A-IoT device 610 always performs the re-access operation or always performs the retry) .
[0138] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 6.
[0139] Fig. 7 is a diagram of an example 700 associated with a re-access indication, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 7, a reader 705 (e.g., a network entity, the reader 605, a network node 210, UE 220, the network entity 102, the network entity 104, or the network entity 106) may communicate with an A-IoT device 710 (e.g., a network entity, A-IoT device 610, UE 220, a RedCap UE, a backscatter device, the network entity 102, the network entity 104, or the network entity 106) . In some aspects, the reader 705 and the A-IoT device 710 may be part of a wireless network (e.g., the environment 100 and / or the wireless communication network 200) .
[0140] Although some examples are described herein in connection with an access procedure for A-IoT devices, the techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied for other types of devices, such as IoT devices, RedCap UEs, MTC UEs, and / or other devices having limited or reduced capabilities (e.g., as compared to a baseline device or baseline UE) . Additionally, although some examples are described herein in connection with a four-step access procedure, the techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied for other types of access procedures, such as a two-step access procedure. For example, the monitoring window (s) described herein may be applicable to any access procedure communication from a reader to an A-IoT device as part of a contention-based A-IoT access procedure.
[0141] Additionally, some aspects may be described herein using a four-step access procedure as an example. The techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied for other types of access procedures, such as two-step access procedures, three-step access procedures, and / or other types of access procedures.
[0142] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 710 may optionally transmit, and the reader 705 may receive, capability information. The A-IoT device 710 may transmit the capability information via a backscatter signal, a backward signal, a D2R communication, a D2R data communication, a broadcast channel, an uplink communication, a UE assistance information (UAI) communication, a UCI communication, or a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, among other examples. The capability information may indicate one or more parameters associated with respective capabilities of the A-IoT device 710. The one or more parameters may be indicated via respective information elements (IEs) included in a capability report.
[0143] The capability information may indicate whether the A-IoT device 710 supports a feature and / or one or more parameters related to the feature. For example, the capability information may indicate a capability and / or parameter for A-IoT access procedures. For example, the capability information may indicate that the A-IoT device 710 supports a contention-based access procedure, such as the access procedure described in connection with Fig. 6. As another example, the capability report may indicate a capability and / or parameter for supporting feedback information for D2R communications. For example, the capability information may indicate whether the A-IoT device 710 supports a re-access operation (e.g., for an access procedure) . In some aspects, the capability information may indicate an identifier of the A-IoT device 710.
[0144] In some aspects, the reader 705 may optionally transmit, and the A-IoT device 710 may receive, configuration information. In some aspects, the A-IoT device 710 may receive the configuration information via one or more of system information, an R2D communication, an R2D data channel communication, an R2D control channel communication, an access link, and / or a forward link, among other examples.
[0145] In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate one or more candidate configurations and / or communication parameters. In some aspects, the one or more candidate configurations and / or communication parameters may be selected, activated, and / or deactivated by a subsequent indication. For example, the subsequent indication may select a candidate configuration and / or communication parameter from the one or more candidate configurations and / or communication parameters. In some aspects, the subsequent indication (e.g., an indication described herein) may include a dynamic indication, such as one or more MAC-CEs and / or one or more control information messages, among other examples. In some aspects, the configuration information may be at least partially included in an inventory trigger communication (e.g., an Msg. 0) described herein.
[0146] In some examples, the configuration information may not be expressly signaled to the A-IoT device 710. For example, in some aspects, the configuration information may at least partially be defined by a wireless communication standard, such as the 3GPP. In such examples, the reader 705 may not explicitly indicate such configuration information to the A-IoT device 710. For example, the A-IoT device 710 may optionally obtain at least a portion of the configuration information from a configuration stored by the A-IoT device 710 (e.g., an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) configuration) . In some aspects, the configuration information may include a parameter or index that is indicative of information defined, or otherwise fixed, by a wireless communication standard, such as the 3GPP (e.g., rather than explicitly indicating the information) .
[0147] In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate one or more configuration parameters for an access procedure. For example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more access occasions (AOs) for msg. 1 transmissions (e.g., for initial D2R messages for the access procedure) . An AO may include one or more time-frequency resources that are available for an A-IoT device to use for an access procedure communication transmission, such as an Msg. 1 transmission. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate timeline information for the access procedure. For example, the configuration information may indicate a pattern of messages or communications for the access procedure.
[0148] In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate whether failure feedback indications or success feedback indications are to be used for D2R messages (e.g., for D2R messages associated with an access procedure) . For example, in some examples, the configuration information may indicate that the reader 705 is to transmit failure feedback indications if a D2R message is unsuccessful (e.g., if an access procedure message is unsuccessful) . In such examples, the reader 705 may use failure-only feedback indications or NACK-only feedback indications (e.g., and may not transmit feedback information indicating that a D2R message is successful) . In other examples, the configuration information may indicate that the reader 705 is to transmit success feedback indications if a D2R message is successful (e.g., if an access procedure message is successful) . In such examples, the reader 705 may use success-only feedback indications or acknowledgement (ACK) -only feedback (e.g., and may not transmit feedback information indicating that a D2R message is unsuccessful) . In other examples, the configuration information may indicate that the reader 705 is to transmit both failure feedback indications (e.g., if a D2R message is unsuccessful) and success feedback indications (e.g., if a D2R message is successful) .
[0149] The A-IoT device 710 may configure itself based at least in part on the configuration information. In some aspects, the A-IoT device 710 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein based at least in part on the configuration information.
[0150] As shown by reference number 715, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit, and the reader 705 may receive, a first communication. The first communication may include D2R data. For example, the first communication may be a D2R communication or a D2R message. In some aspects, the first communication may include an identifier of the A-IoT device 710. For example, the D2R data may include the identifier. The identifier may be a random identifier determined by the A-IoT device 710.
[0151] The first communication may be associated with (e.g., may be) a type of communication. The type of communication may be associated with a task, an operation, and / or a procedure, among other examples. In some aspects, the first communication may be associated with an access procedure, such as the access procedure described in connection with Fig. 6. For example, the type of communication may be an access procedure type, such that the first communication is an access procedure communication. For example, the type of communication may be a D2R access message, such as an Msg. 3 message of a four-step access procedure (e.g., as depicted and described in more detail in connection with Fig. 6) . In other examples, the first communication may be another type of D2R communication, such as any D2R data communication.
[0152] For example, if the first communication is associated with an access procedure, then the reader 705 may transmit an inventory trigger communication (e.g., an Msg. 0) . The reader 705 may transmit the inventory trigger message via an R2D communication. The inventory trigger message may be associated with (e.g., transmitted via) a communication channel defined for R2D data transmissions (e.g., a PRDCH) . The inventory trigger communication may include information indicative of a set of A-IoT devices including the A-IoT device 710. For example, the inventory trigger communication may include a command (i.e., a query) to indicate a specified group of A-IoT devices (e.g., including the A-IoT device 710) that are to respond (e.g., to establish a communication connection with the reader 705) . In some examples, the inventory trigger communication may include identifiers of respective A-IoT devices included in the set of A-IoT devices. In some examples, the inventory trigger communication may indicate a type of A-IoT device (e.g., device 1, device 2A, or device 2B) and / or a group of A-IoT devices.
[0153] The reader 705 may transmit the inventory trigger communication to locate or identify A-IoT devices that are available in a given area at a given time. For example, the reader 705 may be unaware of which and / or how many A-IoT devices are available or located in a given area at a given time. Therefore, the reader 705 may transmit the inventory trigger communication (e.g., the Msg. 0) to initiate the access procedure (e.g., to enable the reader 705 to identify which and / or how many A-IoT devices are available and to establish a communication connection with one or more of the available A-IoT devices) .
[0154] The A-IoT device 710 may transmit, and the reader 705 may receive, an access procedure communication for the access procedure (e.g., a message 1, an msg. 1, and / or an inventory trigger response, among other examples as described in connection with reference number 620 and Fig. 6) . The A-IoT device 710 may transmit the access procedure communication for the access procedure prior to transmitting the first communication shown in Fig. 6 by reference number 615. The A-IoT device 710 may receive the inventory trigger communication and identify that the A-IoT device 710 is to respond to the inventory trigger communication. For example, the inventory trigger communication may include an identifier of the A-IoT device 710. The A-IoT device 710 may identify that the A-IoT device 710 is to respond to the inventory trigger communication based on, or otherwise associated with, the first access procedure communication including the identifier of the A-IoT device 710 and / or the inventory trigger communication indicating an A-IoT device type or group associated with the A-IoT device 710.
[0155] The Msg. 1 communication may include a preamble or other unique sequence (sometimes referred to as a random access preamble, a PRACH preamble, an access procedure sequence, or a RAM preamble) . In some examples, the preamble or other unique sequence associated with the Msg. 1 communication may include an orthogonal sequence, such as a Hadamard sequence or another orthogonal sequence. The Msg. 1 communication may include a preamble identifier. In some examples, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit the second access procedure communication with a frequency shift. The Msg. 1 communication may include an identifier of the A-IoT device 710. The identifier may be a randomly generated identifier. For example, the A-IoT device 710 may determine the identifier using a random number generation technique or another technique. The identifier may be an M-bit random identifier (e.g., where M is 16 or another number) in a similar manner as described in connection with Fig. 6.
[0156] The reader 705 may transmit, and the A-IoT device 710 may receive, a third access procedure communication. The third access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 2, an Msg. 2, and / or a random access response, among other examples. The third access procedure communication may include information indicative of the sequence included in the second access procedure communication (e.g., the Msg. 1 transmitted by the A-IoT device 710 (e.g., as described in connection with reference number 620) ) . Additionally, or alternatively, the third access procedure communication may include information indicative of the detected frequency shift applied to the second access procedure communication transmitted by the A-IoT device 710. Additionally, or alternatively, the third access procedure communication may indicate a resource allocation to be used by the A-IoT device 710 to transmit the first communication (e.g., as described in connection with reference number 715) . In such examples, the first communication shown by reference number 715 may be an Msg. 3 communication.
[0157] As shown by reference number 720, the reader 705 may determine an operation to be performed by the A-IoT device 710. The operation may include a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type (e.g., a second Msg. 3 communication or another type of communication) . For example, the reader 705 may determine whether the A-IoT device 710 is to perform a re-access operation or to retry the D2R message (e.g., the first communication) . For example, the reader 705 may determine that the first communication is unsuccessful. As an example, the reader 705 may determine that the first communication is associated with a collision (e.g., where multiple A-IoT devices transmit D2R messages using the same time-frequency resources) resulting in the reader 705 being unable to receive and / or decode the first communication. As another example, the reader 705 may be unable to perform contention resolution for the first communication.
[0158] The reader 705 may determine whether the A-IoT device 710 is to perform a re-access operation or to retry a transmission of the type of communication associated with the first communication. The reader 705 may make the determination based on one or more factors. For example, the one or more factors may include a reason that the first communication was unsuccessful. For example, if the reason is failed contention resolution, then the reader 705 may determine that the A-IoT device 710 is to retry a transmission of the type of communication. If the reason is a collision, then the reader 705 may determine that the A-IoT device 710 is to perform a re-access operation. This improves the efficiency of D2R communications by tailoring the action performed by the A-IoT device 710 to the reason for failure of a previous D2R communication.
[0159] As shown by reference number 725, the reader 705 may transmit, and the A-IoT device 710 may receive, a communication that includes information for the first communication. The information may include feedback information and / or other information for the first communication. The information may be indicative of whether a re-access operation is to be performed by the A-IoT device 710 or the type of communication is to be transmitted again by the A-IoT device 710. In some aspects, the second communication (e.g., the feedback information) may be included in an access procedure communication. For example, the information may be included in an Msg. 4 communication (e.g., if the feedback information indicates that the type of communication (e.g., an Msg. 3) is to be transmitted again by the A-IoT device 710) . In some other examples, the information may be included in an Msg. 0 communication (e.g., if the feedback information indicates that the re-access operation is to be performed by the A-IoT device 710) .
[0160] For example, the information may include an explicit indication (e.g., one or more bits) of whether the re-access operation is to be performed by the A-IoT device 710 or the type of communication is to be transmitted again by the A-IoT device 710. For example, the information may include a single bit that indicates whether the re-access operation is to be performed by the A-IoT device 710 or the type of communication is to be transmitted again by the A-IoT device 710. For example, if the single bit has a first value, then the information may indicate that the re-access operation is to be performed by the A-IoT device 710. If the single bit has a second value, then the information may indicate that the type of communication (e.g., an Msg. 3) is to be transmitted again by the A-IoT device 710.
[0161] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit the first communication (e.g., transmitted by the A-IoT device 710 as described in connection with reference number 715) to a first network entity (e.g., a first reader) . The A-IoT device 710 may receive the information from the first network entity. Alternatively, the A-IoT device 710 may receive the information from a second network entity (e.g., a second reader, a network node 210, or a controller) . For example, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit the first communication to a receive (Rx) reader (e.g., a reader configured to receive signals from A-IoT devices) and may receive the information from a transmit (Tx) reader or network node 210. In some aspects, the Tx reader or network node 210 may transmit the information to the Rx reader (e.g., to enable the Rx reader to determine what action (s) are to be performed by the A-IoT device 710) .
[0162] In some aspects, the information indicates whether the re-access operation is to be performed or the type of communication is to be transmitted based on whether one or more criteria are satisfied. One or more first criteria may include reception (or transmission by the reader 705) of the identifier of the A-IoT device 710, reception (or transmission by the reader 705) of an indication (e.g., a failure feedback information) that the first communication was not successfully received, and / or reception (or transmission by the reader 705) of a resource allocation for a communication (e.g., having the type) . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more second criteria may include reception (or transmission by the reader 705) of the identifier, non-reception (or non-transmission by the reader 705) of an indication (e.g., a success feedback indication) that the first communication was successfully received, and / or reception (or transmission by the reader 705) of a resource allocation for a communication (e.g., having the type) . The one or more first criteria may be applicable if the reader 705 is configured to transmit failure feedback indications to the A-IoT device 710. The one or more second criteria may be applicable if the reader 705 is configured to transmit success feedback indications to the A-IoT device 710.
[0163] The information may indicate whether the one or more criteria are satisfied. For example, a second communication transmitted by the A-IoT device 710 (e.g., as described in connection with reference number 735) may be associated with the type of communication based on the one or more criteria being satisfied. The second communication may be associated with the re-access operation based on the one or more criteria not being satisfied.
[0164] The one or more criteria being satisfied or not satisfied may be indicative of a reason for a failure of the first communication (e.g., transmitted by the A-IoT device 710 as described in connection with reference number 715) . For example, if the reason is failed contention resolution, then the information may cause the one or more criteria to be satisfied. If the reason is a collision, then the information may cause the one or more criteria to be not satisfied.
[0165] The one or more criteria being satisfied may include the information including an identifier of the A-IoT device 710. For example, the identifier may be the identifier included in the first communication (e.g., transmitted by the A-IoT device 710 as described in connection with reference number 715) . Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more criteria being satisfied may include the feedback indication including a failure feedback indication (e.g., as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more criteria being satisfied may include the feedback indication not including a success feedback indication (e.g., as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more criteria being satisfied may include the information including a resource allocation (e.g., for a retry of the type of communication associated with the first communication) .
[0166] For example, the one or more criteria may be satisfied based on the information including the identifier of the A-IoT device 710, an indication that the first communication was not successfully received (e.g., a failure feedback indication) , and a resource allocation (e.g., for the retry of the type of communication associated with the first communication) . As another example, the one or more criteria may be satisfied based on the information including the identifier of the A-IoT device 710, not including an indication that the first communication was successfully received (e.g., not including a success feedback indication) , and including a resource allocation (e.g., for the retry of the type of communication associated with the first communication) .
[0167] In some aspects, if the information includes a failure feedback indication and does not include a resource allocation, then the one or more criteria may not be satisfied. As another example, if the information does not include a success feedback indication and does not include a resource allocation, then the one or more criteria may not be satisfied.
[0168] In some aspects, the one or more criteria may be satisfied based on at least one criterion described herein being satisfied. In other example, the one or more criteria may be satisfied based on each of the one or more criteria being satisfied (e.g., each of the one or more first criteria and / or each of the one or more second criteria) .
[0169] In some aspects, the information indicates content (e.g., D2R data, an identifier, and / or header information) to be included in later transmissions by the A-IoT device 710. For example, the information may indicate content to be included in a retry of the type of communication or in a message associated with a re-access operation. In some aspects, the content may include an identifier of the A-IoT device 710. For example, the identifier may be the identifier included in the first communication (e.g., the communication transmitted as depicted and described in connection with reference number 715) .
[0170] In some aspects, the information may indicate whether the A-IoT device 710 is to transmit the content (e.g., in the communication depicted and described in connection with reference number 735) via a single transmission or multiple transmissions. For example, the information may indicate a quantity of allowed transmissions (e.g., a quantity of the multiple transmissions) that the A-IoT device 710 can use to indicate the content (e.g., to indicate the identifier of the A-IoT device 710) . Additionally, or alternatively, the information may indicate a length (e.g., a size and / or a quantity of bits) of the content (e.g., of the identifier) to be included in each transmission of the multiple transmissions. For example, the information may indicate the length of the content (e.g., the length of the identifier) to be transmitted per transmission by the A-IoT device 710. By splitting the content (e.g., the identifier and / or D2R data) across multiple transmissions, a power efficiency of the A-IoT device 710 may be improved because the A-IoT device 710 can accumulate power between transmissions.
[0171] In some aspects, the content (e.g., the identifier) may be partitioned and / or grouped into one or more portions (e.g., one or more subfields) . The information may indicate which portion (s) of the content (e.g., which portion (s) of the identifier) are to be indicated by the A-IoT device 710. This enables the reader 705 to vary the size of the content in the communication depicted and described in connection with reference number 735 based on one or more channel criteria and / or a supported data rate (e.g., to improve system throughput) . For example, the length (e.g., size) of the content transmitted by the A-IoT device (e.g., in Msg. 3 messages or other D2R messages) can be varied by the reader 705 with a data rate. When a data rate is lower, the reader 705 may cause the A-IoT device 710 to transmit a subset or a portion of the content (e.g., a subset of a portion of the identifier of the A-IoT device 710) . When a data rate is higher, the reader 705 may cause the A-IoT device 710 to transmit a larger subset or a larger portion (or all of) of the content (e.g., of the identifier of the A-IoT device 710) .
[0172] The information may indicate a starting point and a size of the portion of the content (e.g., of the identifier) to be included in the communication depicted and described in connection with reference number 735. For example, the information may indicate start and length information (e.g., indicating a starting bit or location and a quantity of bits) indicative of the portion of the content (e.g., of the identifier) to be included in the communication depicted and described in connection with reference number 735.
[0173] As another example, the information may indicate an index or identifier of the portion (s) of the content (e.g., of the identifier) to be included in the communication depicted and described in connection with reference number 735. For example, the content may include multiple portions (e.g., multiple subfields) associated with respective indexes. The information may indicate one or more indexes to identify which portion (s) of the content (e.g., the identifier) are to be included in the communication depicted and described in connection with reference number 735. As another example, the information may include a bitmap indicating which portion (s) of the content (e.g., the identifier) are to be included in the communication depicted and described in connection with reference number 735. For example, the bitmap may include bits corresponding to respective portions (e.g., subfields) of the content (e.g., of the identifier included with D2R data) . The reader 705 may set values of each bit (e.g., a first value to indicate that the portion is to be included, or a second value to indicate that the portion is not to be included) to indicate whether the content (e.g., the identifier) is to be included in the communication depicted and described in connection with reference number 735.
[0174] As shown by reference number 730, the A-IoT device 710 may determine, based on the information, an operation to be performed by the A-IoT device 710. The operation may include a re-access operation or a transmission of a communication having the type (e.g., a transmission of another Msg. 3 communication or a retry of another type of communication) . For example, the A-IoT device 710 may determine whether to perform the re-access operation to retry a transmission of the type of communication (e.g., the type of communication of the first communication depicted and described in connection with reference number 715) . For example, the IoT device 710 may determine, based on the information, whether to perform the re-access operation to retry a transmission of an Msg. 3 message for an access procedure. For example, the information may include the explicit indication (e.g., one or more bits) indicating whether the A-IoT device 710 is to perform the re-access operation to retry a transmission of the type of communication again.
[0175] Additionally, or alternatively, the A-IoT device 710 may determine, based on the information, whether the one or more criteria described elsewhere herein are satisfied. If the one or more criteria are satisfied, then the A-IoT device 710 may determine that the A-IoT device 710 is to retry a transmission of the type of communication again (e.g., is to retry an Msg. 3 transmission) . If the one or more criteria are not satisfied, then the A-IoT device 710 may determine that the A-IoT device 710 is to perform a re-access operation (e.g., is to initiate another instance of an access procedure by transmitting an initial message of the access procedure, such as an Msg. 1 or an Msg. A) .
[0176] As described elsewhere herein, the information (e.g., the communication transmitted as depicted and described in connection with reference number 725) may include a resource allocation. For example, a resource allocation may indicate one or more resources (e.g., time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or code domain resources) that can be used by an A-IoT device for a D2R transmission. As an example, a resource allocation may include an AO. In some aspects, the information may include multiple resources (e.g., a set of multiple resources) . For example, the multiple resources may be allocated for and / or associated with a single identifier (e.g., the identifier of the A-IoT device 710) and / or a single communication identifier (e.g., a single Msg. 1 identifier or a single Msg. 3 identifier) . For example, the multiple resources may be allocated for the A-IoT device 710 (e.g., by the multiple resources being associated with the identifier of the A-IoT device 710 and / or the identifier of a communication transmitted by the A-IoT device 710) .
[0177] In such examples, the A-IoT device 710 may determine a resource, from the multiple resources, to be used for the communication transmitted as depicted and described in connection with reference number 735. In some aspects, the A-IoT device 710 may randomly select a resource from the multiple resources. For example, the resource used by the A-IoT device 710 may be randomly selected. In some other aspects, the A-IoT device 710 may determine the resource based on the identifier of the A-IoT device 710. For example, the identifier of the A-IoT device 710 may be mapped to, or associated with, a resource from the multiple resources.
[0178] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 710 may determine whether the retry of the type of communication is to be performed (e.g., if the information indicates that the retry of the type of communication is to be performed) . For example, there may be a threshold (e.g., a maximum quantity and / or a maximum duration) allowed for transmissions of the type of communication and / or for the access procedure. The A-IoT device 710 may determine whether a quantity of transmissions of the type of communication satisfies a quantity threshold. If the quantity of transmissions of the type of communication satisfies the quantity threshold, then the A-IoT device 710 may perform the re-access procedure (e.g., rather than retrying the transmission of the type of communication, such as the Msg. 3 message) , such as after the expiration of a timer (e.g., a back-off timer) . Additionally, or alternatively, the A-IoT device 710 may determine whether a duration of transmissions of the type of communication satisfies a duration threshold. If the duration of transmissions of the type of communication satisfies the duration threshold, then the A-IoT device 710 may perform the re-access procedure (e.g., rather than retrying the transmission of the type of communication, such as the Msg. 3 message) , such as after the expiration of a timer (e.g., a back-off timer) . The threshold (s) (e.g., the quantity threshold and / or the duration threshold) may be indicated in the configuration information, the information, and / or defined by a wireless communication standard.
[0179] Additionally, or alternatively, there may be an indicated quantity and / or duration for the transmissions of the type of communication to be performed by the A-IoT device 710. For example, the reader 705 may dynamically indicate the actual transmission quantity of the type of communication (e.g., of Msg. 3 messages) and / or the actual allowed transmission duration of the type of communication (e.g., of Msg. 3 messages) . In some aspects, the A-IoT device may determine the quantity of transmissions and / or the duration of transmissions to be performed, such as based on power levels (e.g., accumulated power levels) of the A-IoT device 710.
[0180] As shown by reference number 735, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit, and the reader 705 may receive, a second communication (e.g., including second D2R data) . The second communication (e.g., the D2R data) may be, or may have, the type of communication (e.g., the same type of communication as the first communication described in connection with reference number 715) . For example, the second communication may be another Msg. 3 message for an instance of an access procedure. Alternatively, the second communication may be associated with the re-access operation (e.g., may be an Msg. 1 communication) to initiate a second instance of the access procedure. As described elsewhere herein, the information may indicate whether the second communication is to be of the type of communication or associated with the re-access communication.
[0181] The second communication (e.g., the second D2R data) may include content indicated by the information. For example, the second communication may include an identifier of the A-IoT device 710. The second communication may include all or one or more portions of the identifier (e.g., as indicated by the information) . In some aspects, the second communication may be a retransmission of the first communication described in connection with reference number 715 (e.g., the R2D data included in the first communication and the second communication may be the same) . In other aspects, the second communication may be a retry of the first communication described in connection with reference number 715 (e.g., the first communication and the second communication may be the same type, but the R2D data included in the first communication and the second communication may be different) .
[0182] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 7.
[0183] Fig. 8 is a diagram of an example 800 associated with a re-access indication, in accordance with the present disclosure. Fig. 8 depicts an example in which a re-access indication indicates content for a subsequent D2R message (e.g., a message from an A-IoT device to a reader) . For example, content 805 may be transmitted by an A-IoT device, such as the A-IoT device 710. The content 805 may be an identifier of the A-IoT device, D2R data, and / or information to be included in a header, among other examples. The content 805 may be included in the communication depicted and described in connection with reference number 735.
[0184] As shown in Fig. 8, the content 805 may include one or more portions, such as a first portion 810, a second portion 815, a third portion 820, a fourth portion 825, a fifth portion 830, and a sixth portion 835, among other examples. Six portions are shown as an example and the content 805 may be portioned into any quantity of portions.
[0185] As shown in Fig. 8, R2D data 840 may indicate which portion (s) of the content 805 are to be transmitted by the A-IoT device. The R2D data 840 may be, or may be included in, the information described elsewhere herein (such as in connection with reference number 725) . As shown by reference number 845, the R2D data 840 may indicate which portion (s) of the content 805 are to be transmitted by the A-IoT device. For example, as shown in Fig. 8, the R2D data 840 may indicate that the first portion 810 and the third portion 820 of the content 805 (e.g., of an identifier of the A-IoT device) are to be transmitted by the A-IoT device.
[0186] In some examples, a first one or more portions of the content 805 may be included in a first communication transmitted by the A-IoT device (such as the first communication described in connection with reference number 715) . A second one or more portions of the content 805 may be included in a first communication transmitted by the A-IoT device (such as the second communication described in connection with reference number 735) . This enables the reader to vary the size of the content 805 (e.g., the size of the identifier) based on channel conditions and / or data rates, among other examples. This may improve the performance and / or throughput of D2R communications.
[0187] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 8.
[0188] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, at a first network entity or an apparatus of a first network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 900 is an example where the apparatus or the first network entity (e.g., the A-IoT device 710, the network entity 102, the network entity 106, a UE 220, and / or the backscatter device 505) performs operations associated with re-access indication.
[0189] As shown in Fig. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include transmitting a first communication having a type (block 910) . For example, the first network entity (e.g., using transmission component 1104 and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may transmit a first communication having a type, as described above.
[0190] As further shown in Fig. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving first information associated with the first communication (block 920) . For example, the first network entity (e.g., using reception component 1102 and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may receive first information associated with the first communication, as described above.
[0191] As further shown in Fig. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include performing, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type (block 930) . For example, the first network entity (e.g., using transmission component 1104 and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may perform, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type, as described above.
[0192] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0193] In a first aspect, the first information indicates that the re-access operation is to be performed or that the second communication is to be transmitted.
[0194] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, performing the operation includes performing the operation based on one or more criteria.
[0195] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and the one or more criteria include at least one of reception of the identifier, reception of an indication that the first communication was not successfully received, or reception of a resource allocation for the second communication.
[0196] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and the one or more criteria include at least one of reception of the identifier, non-reception of an indication that the first communication was successfully received, or reception of a resource allocation for the second communication.
[0197] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, transmitting the first communication includes transmitting the first communication to a second network entity, and receiving the first information includes receiving the first information from a third network entity.
[0198] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the first communication is associated with a first access procedure, and performing the operation includes performing the re-access operation, wherein the re-access operation is configured to cause initiation of a second access procedure.
[0199] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the first information includes a resource allocation for the second communication, wherein the resource allocation indicates multiple resources, and wherein performing the operation includes transmitting the second communication using at least one resource from the multiple resources.
[0200] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the at least one resource is randomly selected from the multiple resources.
[0201] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, process 900 includes determining the at least one resource based on an identifier of the first network entity.
[0202] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the first information indicates content to be included in the second communication.
[0203] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and the first information indicates that the second communication is to indicate the identifier using a single transmission or multiple transmissions.
[0204] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the first information indicates that the second communication is to indicate the identifier using multiple transmissions, and the first information indicates at least one of a quantity of the multiple transmissions, or a length of the identifier to be included in each transmission of the multiple transmissions.
[0205] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and the first information indicates that a portion of the identifier is to be included in the second communication.
[0206] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the first information includes a starting point and a quantity of bits indicative of the portion.
[0207] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the first information includes an index indicative of the portion of the identifier.
[0208] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the identifier includes multiple portions including the portion of the identifier, and the first information includes a bitmap that indicates which portions of the multiple portions are to be included in the second communication.
[0209] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and performing the operation includes transmitting the second communication based on a quantity of transmissions having the type not satisfying a first threshold or based on a duration of transmissions having the type not satisfying a second threshold.
[0210] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, process 900 includes receiving configuration information indicating at least one of the first threshold or the second threshold.
[0211] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, the type is an access procedure type such that the first communication is an access procedure communication.
[0212] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, the access procedure communication is an Msg. 3 communication.
[0213] In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and the first information indicates a quantity of transmissions of the type to be transmitted or a duration of transmissions of the type to be transmitted.
[0214] In a twenty-second aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-first aspects, the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and process 900 includes determining a quantity of transmissions of the type to be transmitted or a duration of transmissions of the type to be transmitted.
[0215] In a twenty-third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-second aspects, the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and performing the operation includes transmitting a quantity of the second communication having the type, and process 900 includes performing, after transmission of the quantity of the second communication having the type, the re-access operation based on the quantity of the second communication having the type satisfying a first threshold or based on a duration of the quantity of the second communication having the type satisfying a second threshold.
[0216] In a twenty-fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-third aspects, the first communication includes first D2R data, and the second communication includes second D2R data.
[0217] In a twenty-fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fourth aspects, the second D2R data is the first D2R data.
[0218] In a twenty-sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fifth aspects, the first D2R data is different than the second D2R data.
[0219] Although Fig. 9 shows example blocks of process 900, in some aspects, process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 9. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 900 may be performed in parallel.
[0220] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a first network entity or an apparatus of a first network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the first network entity (e.g., the reader 705, the network entity 102, the network entity 106, and / or the UE 220, the network node 210) performs operations associated with re-access indication.
[0221] As shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receiving a first communication having a type (block 1010) . For example, the first network entity (e.g., using reception component 1202 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may receive a first communication having a type, as described above.
[0222] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include transmitting first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted (block 1020) . For example, the first network entity (e.g., using transmission component 1204 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may transmit first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted, as described above.
[0223] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0224] In a first aspect, the first information indicates the re-access operation is to be performed or the second communication is to be transmitted based on one or more criteria.
[0225] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, and the one or more criteria include the identifier, transmission of an indication that the first communication was not successfully received, or transmission of a resource allocation for the second communication.
[0226] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, and the one or more criteria include at least one of transmission of the identifier, non-transmission of an indication that the first communication was successfully received, or transmission of a resource allocation for the second communication.
[0227] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the first communication is associated with a first access procedure, and the re-access operation is associated with an initiation of a second access procedure.
[0228] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the first information includes a resource allocation for the second communication, wherein the resource allocation indicates multiple resources, and process 1000 includes receiving the second communication using at least one resource from the multiple resources.
[0229] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the at least one resource is randomly selected from the multiple resources.
[0230] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the at least one resource is based on an identifier of a second network entity that is associated with the first communication.
[0231] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the first information indicates content to be included in the second communication.
[0232] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, and the first information indicates that the second communication is to transmit the identifier using a single transmission or multiple transmissions.
[0233] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the first information indicates that the second communication is to indicate the identifier using multiple transmissions, and the first information indicates at least one of a quantity of the multiple transmissions, or a length of the identifier to be included in each transmission of the multiple transmissions.
[0234] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, wherein the first information indicates that a portion of the identifier is to be included in the second communication.
[0235] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the first information includes a starting point and a quantity of bits indicative of the portion.
[0236] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the first information includes an index indicative of the portion of the identifier.
[0237] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the identifier includes multiple portions including the portion of the identifier, and the first information includes a bitmap that is configured to indicate which portions, of the multiple portions, are to be included in the second communication.
[0238] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and process 1000 includes receiving the second communication based on a quantity of transmissions of the type not satisfying a first threshold or based on a duration of transmissions having the type not satisfying a second threshold.
[0239] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, process 1000 includes transmitting configuration information indicating at least one of the first threshold or the second threshold.
[0240] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the type is an access procedure type such that the first communication is an access procedure communication.
[0241] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, the access procedure communication is an Msg. 3 communication.
[0242] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and the first information indicates a quantity of transmissions of the type to be transmitted or a duration of transmissions of the type to be transmitted.
[0243] Although Fig. 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
[0244] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1100 may be a network entity, or a network entity may include the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the network entity may be an A-IoT device, as described in more detail elsewhere herein In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 includes a reception component 1102, a transmission component 1104, and / or a communication manager 1106, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1106 is the communication manager 114, the communication manager 118, and / or the communication manager 250. As shown, the apparatus 1100 may communicate with another apparatus 1108, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1102 and the transmission component 1104. The communication manager 1106 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 110, the processing system 112, and / or the processing system 240) .
[0245] In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 7 and 8. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 900 of Fig. 9, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may include one or more components described in connection with Figs. 1-4. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Figs. 1-4. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0246] The reception component 1102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1108. The reception component 1102 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may include one or more components described above in connection with Figs. 1-4, such as a radio, an energy harvester, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the network entity.
[0247] The transmission component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1100 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may include one or more components described above in connection with Figs. 1-4, such as a radio, an energy harvester, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas described in connection with Figs. 1-4. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may be co-located with the reception component 1102.
[0248] The communication manager 1106 may support operations of the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104. For example, the communication manager 1106 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1102 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1104. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1106 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0249] The transmission component 1104 may transmit a first communication having a type. The reception component 1102 may receive first information associated with the first communication. The communication manager 1106 may perform, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type.
[0250] The communication manager 1106 may determine the at least one resource based on an identifier of the first network entity.
[0251] The reception component 1102 may receive configuration information indicating at least one of the first threshold or the second threshold.
[0252] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 11 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 11. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 11 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 11.
[0253] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1200 may be a network entity, or a network entity may include the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the network entity may be a reader, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 includes a reception component 1202, a transmission component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 is the communication manager 114, the communication manager 118, the communication manager 250, and / or the communication manager 255. As shown, the apparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1208, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1202 and the transmission component 1204. The communication manager 1206 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 110, the processing system 112, the processing system 240, and / or the processing system 245) .
[0254] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 7 and 8. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Fig. 10, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may include one or more components described in connection with Figs. 1-3. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Figs. 1-3. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0255] The reception component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1208. The reception component 1202 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may include one or more components described above in connection with Figs. 1-3, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the network entity.
[0256] The transmission component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1200 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may include one or more components described above in connection with Figs. 1-3, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas described in connection with Figs. 1-3. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may be co-located with the reception component 1202.
[0257] The communication manager 1206 may support operations of the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204. For example, the communication manager 1206 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1202 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1204. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1206 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0258] The reception component 1202 may receive a first communication having a type. The transmission component 1204 may transmit first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted.
[0259] The transmission component 1204 may transmit configuration information indicating at least one of the first threshold or the second threshold.
[0260] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 12 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 12. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 12 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 12.
[0261] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0262] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity, comprising: transmitting a first communication having a type; receiving first information associated with the first communication; and performing, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type.
[0263] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the first information indicates that the re-access operation is to be performed or that the second communication is to be transmitted.
[0264] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein performing the operation comprises: performing the operation based on one or more criteria.
[0265] Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 3, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and wherein the one or more criteria include at least one of: reception of the identifier, reception of an indication that the first communication was not successfully received, or reception of a resource allocation for the second communication.
[0266] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 3-4, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and wherein the one or more criteria include at least one of: reception of the identifier, non-reception of an indication that the first communication was successfully received, or reception of a resource allocation for the second communication.
[0267] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein transmitting the first communication comprises: transmitting the first communication to a second network entity, and wherein receiving the first information comprises: receiving the first information from a third network entity.
[0268] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the first communication is associated with a first access procedure, and wherein performing the operation comprises: performing the re-access operation, wherein the re-access operation is configured to cause initiation of a second access procedure.
[0269] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the first information includes a resource allocation for the second communication, wherein the resource allocation indicates multiple resources, and wherein performing the operation comprises: transmitting the second communication using at least one resource from the multiple resources.
[0270] Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 8, wherein the at least one resource is randomly selected from the multiple resources.
[0271] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 8-9, further comprising: determining the at least one resource based on an identifier of the first network entity.
[0272] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the first information indicates content to be included in the second communication.
[0273] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to indicate the identifier using a single transmission or multiple transmissions.
[0274] Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to indicate the identifier using multiple transmissions, and wherein the first information indicates at least one of: a quantity of the multiple transmissions, or a length of the identifier to be included in each transmission of the multiple transmissions.
[0275] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and wherein the first information indicates that a portion of the identifier is to be included in the second communication.
[0276] Aspect 15: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the first information includes a starting point and a quantity of bits indicative of the portion.
[0277] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 14-15, wherein the first information includes an index indicative of the portion of the identifier.
[0278] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 14-16, wherein the identifier includes multiple portions including the portion of the identifier, and wherein the first information includes a bitmap that indicates which portions of the multiple portions are to be included in the second communication.
[0279] Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 1-17, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and wherein performing the operation comprises: transmitting the second communication based on a quantity of transmissions having the type not satisfying a first threshold or based on a duration of transmissions having the type not satisfying a second threshold.
[0280] Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, further comprising: receiving configuration information indicating at least one of the first threshold or the second threshold.
[0281] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 1-19, wherein the type is an access procedure type such that the first communication is an access procedure communication.
[0282] Aspect 21: The method of Aspect 20, wherein the access procedure communication is an Msg. 3 communication.
[0283] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 1-21, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and wherein the first information indicates a quantity of transmissions of the type to be transmitted or a duration of transmissions of the type to be transmitted.
[0284] Aspect 23: The method of any of Aspects 1-22, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and the method further comprising: determining a quantity of transmissions of the type to be transmitted or a duration of transmissions of the type to be transmitted.
[0285] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 1-23, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and wherein performing the operation comprises: transmitting a quantity of the second communication having the type, and the method further comprising: performing, after transmission of the quantity of the second communication having the type, the re-access operation based on the quantity of the second communication having the type satisfying a first threshold or based on a duration of the quantity of the second communication having the type satisfying a second threshold.
[0286] Aspect 25: The method of any of Aspects 1-24, wherein the first communication includes first device-to-reader (D2R) data, and wherein the second communication includes second D2R data.
[0287] Aspect 26: The method of Aspect 25, wherein the second D2R data is the first D2R data.
[0288] Aspect 27: The method of Aspect 25, wherein the first D2R data is different than the second D2R data.
[0289] Aspect 28: A method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity, comprising: receiving a first communication having a type; and transmitting first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted.
[0290] Aspect 29: The method of Aspect 28, wherein the first information indicates the re-access operation is to be performed or the second communication is to be transmitted based on one or more criteria.
[0291] Aspect 30: The method of Aspect 29, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, and wherein the one or more criteria include: transmission the identifier, transmission of an indication that the first communication was not successfully received, or transmission of a resource allocation for the second communication.
[0292] Aspect 31: The method of any of Aspects 29-30, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, and wherein the one or more criteria include at least one of: transmission of the identifier, non-transmission of an indication that the first communication was successfully received, or transmission of a resource allocation for the second communication.
[0293] Aspect 32: The method of any of Aspects 28-31, wherein the first communication is associated with a first access procedure, and wherein the re-access operation is associated with an initiation of a second access procedure.
[0294] Aspect 33: The method of any of Aspects 28-32, wherein the first information includes a resource allocation for the second communication, wherein the resource allocation indicates multiple resources, and the method further comprising: receiving the second communication using at least one resource from the multiple resources.
[0295] Aspect 34: The method of Aspect 33, wherein the at least one resource is randomly selected from the multiple resources.
[0296] Aspect 35: The method of any of Aspects 33-34, wherein the at least one resource is based on an identifier of a second network entity that is associated with the first communication.
[0297] Aspect 36: The method of any of Aspects 28-35, wherein the first information indicates content to be included in the second communication.
[0298] Aspect 37: The method of any of Aspects 28-36, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, and wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to transmit the identifier using a single transmission or multiple transmissions.
[0299] Aspect 38: The method of Aspect 37, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to indicate the identifier using multiple transmissions, and wherein the first information indicates at least one of: a quantity of the multiple transmissions, or a length of the identifier to be included in each transmission of the multiple transmissions.
[0300] Aspect 39: The method of any of Aspects 28-38, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, wherein the first information indicates that a portion of the identifier is to be included in the second communication.
[0301] Aspect 40: The method of Aspect 39, wherein the first information includes a starting point and a quantity of bits indicative of the portion.
[0302] Aspect 41: The method of any of Aspects 39-40, wherein the first information includes an index indicative of the portion of the identifier.
[0303] Aspect 42: The method of any of Aspects 39-41, wherein the identifier includes multiple portions including the portion of the identifier, and wherein the first information includes a bitmap that is configured to indicate which portions, of the multiple portions, are to be included in the second communication.
[0304] Aspect 43: The method of any of Aspects 28-42, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and the method further comprising receiving the second communication based on a quantity of transmissions of the type not satisfying a first threshold or based on a duration of transmissions having the type not satisfying a second threshold.
[0305] Aspect 44: The method of Aspect 43, further comprising: transmitting configuration information indicating at least one of the first threshold or the second threshold.
[0306] Aspect 45: The method of any of Aspects 28-44, wherein the type is an access procedure type such that the first communication is an access procedure communication.
[0307] Aspect 46: The method of Aspect 45, wherein the access procedure communication is an Msg. 3 communication.
[0308] Aspect 47: The method of any of Aspects 28-46, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and wherein the first information indicates a quantity of transmissions of the type to be transmitted or a duration of transmissions of the type to be transmitted.
[0309] Aspect 48: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-47.
[0310] Aspect 49: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-47.
[0311] Aspect 50: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-47.
[0312] Aspect 51: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-47.
[0313] Aspect 52: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-47.
[0314] Aspect 53: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-47.
[0315] Aspect 54: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-47.
[0316] Aspect 55: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system, the processing system configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-47.
[0317] Aspect 56: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code thereon that, when executed by a device, causes the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-47.
[0318] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is neither exhaustive nor limiting of the scope of this disclosure. For example, various aspects and examples are disclosed herein, but this disclosure is not limited to the precise form in which such aspects and examples are described. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0319] As used herein, the term “component” shall be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0320] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0321] As used herein, the term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , inferring, ascertaining, and / or measuring, among other examples. Also, “determining” can include receiving (such as receiving information) , accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory) , and / or transmitting (such as transmitting information) , among other examples. As another example, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, obtaining, choosing, establishing, and / or other such similar actions.
[0322] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations do not limit the scope of the disclosure. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” covers a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0323] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” may include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” may include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” means “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Additionally, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . Further, “one or more” may be equivalent to “at least one. ”
[0324] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not limiting of the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.A first network entity, comprising:a processing system configured to:transmit a first communication having a type;receive first information associated with the first communication; andperform, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type.2.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first information indicates that the re-access operation is to be performed or that the second communication is to be transmitted.3.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein, to perform the operation, the processing system is configured to perform the operation based on one or more criteria.4.The first network entity of claim 3, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and wherein the one or more criteria include at least one of:reception of the identifier,reception of an indication that the first communication was not successfully received, orreception of a resource allocation for the second communication.5.The first network entity of claim 3, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and wherein the one or more criteria include at least one of:reception of the identifier,non-reception of an indication that the first communication was successfully received, orreception of a resource allocation for the second communication.6.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the first communication, the processing system is configured to transmit the first communication to a second network entity, andwherein, to receive the first information, the processing system is configured to receive the first information from a third network entity.7.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first communication is associated with a first access procedure, and wherein, to perform the operation, the processing system is configured to:perform the re-access operation, wherein the re-access operation is configured to cause initiation of a second access procedure.8.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first information includes a resource allocation for the second communication, wherein the resource allocation indicates multiple resources, and wherein, to perform the operation, the processing system is configured to:transmit the second communication using at least one resource from the multiple resources.9.The first network entity of claim 8, wherein the at least one resource is randomly selected from the multiple resources.10.The first network entity of claim 8, wherein the processing system is configured to determine the at least one resource based on an identifier of the first network entity.11.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first information indicates content to be included in the second communication.12.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to indicate the identifier using a single transmission or multiple transmissions.13.The first network entity of claim 12, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to indicate the identifier using multiple transmissions, and wherein the first information indicates at least one of:a quantity of the multiple transmissions, ora length of the identifier to be included in each transmission of the multiple transmissions.14.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of the first network entity, and wherein the first information indicates that a portion of the identifier is to be included in the second communication.15.The first network entity of claim 14, wherein the first information includes a starting point and a quantity of bits indicative of the portion.16.The first network entity of claim 14, wherein the first information includes an index indicative of the portion of the identifier.17.The first network entity of claim 14, wherein the identifier includes multiple portions including the portion of the identifier, and wherein the first information includes a bitmap that indicates which portions of the multiple portions are to be included in the second communication.18.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and wherein, to perform the operation, the processing system is configured to transmit the second communication based on a quantity of transmissions having the type not satisfying a first threshold or based on a duration of transmissions having the type not satisfying a second threshold.19.The first network entity of claim 18, wherein the processing system is configured to:receive configuration information indicating at least one of the first threshold or the second threshold.20.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the type is an access procedure type such that the first communication is an access procedure communication.21.The first network entity of claim 20, wherein the access procedure communication is an Msg. 3 communication.22.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and wherein the first information indicates a quantity of transmissions of the type to be transmitted or a duration of transmissions of the type to be transmitted.23.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and wherein the processing system is configured to determine a quantity of transmissions of the type to be transmitted or a duration of transmissions of the type to be transmitted.24.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and wherein, to perform the operation, the processing system is configured to:transmit a quantity of the second communication having the type, wherein the processing system is configured to:perform, after transmission of the quantity of the second communication having the type, the re-access operation based on the quantity of the second communication having the type satisfying a first threshold or based on a duration of the quantity of the second communication having the type satisfying a second threshold.25.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first communication includes first device-to-reader (D2R) data, and wherein the second communication includes second D2R data.26.The first network entity of claim 25, wherein the second D2R data is the first D2R data.27.The first network entity of claim 25, wherein the first D2R data is different than the second D2R data.28.A first network entity, comprising:a processing system configured to:receive a first communication having a type; andtransmit first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted.29.The first network entity of claim 28, wherein the first information indicates the re-access operation is to be performed or the second communication is to be transmitted based on one or more criteria.30.The first network entity of claim 29, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, and wherein the one or more criteria include:transmission the identifier,transmission of an indication that the first communication was not successfully received, ortransmission of a resource allocation for the second communication.31.The first network entity of claim 29, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, and wherein the one or more criteria include at least one of:transmission of the identifier,non-transmission of an indication that the first communication was successfully received, ortransmission of a resource allocation for the second communication.32.The first network entity of claim 28, wherein the first communication is associated with a first access procedure, and wherein the re-access operation is associated with an initiation of a second access procedure.33.The first network entity of claim 28, wherein the first information includes a resource allocation for the second communication, wherein the resource allocation indicates multiple resources, and wherein the processing system is configured to:receive the second communication using at least one resource from the multiple resources.34.The first network entity of claim 33, wherein the at least one resource is randomly selected from the multiple resources.35.The first network entity of claim 33, wherein the at least one resource is based on an identifier of a second network entity that is associated with the first communication.36.The first network entity of claim 28, wherein the first information indicates content to be included in the second communication.37.The first network entity of claim 28, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, and wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to transmit the identifier using a single transmission or multiple transmissions.38.The first network entity of claim 37, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to indicate the identifier using multiple transmissions, and wherein the first information indicates at least one of:a quantity of the multiple transmissions, ora length of the identifier to be included in each transmission of the multiple transmissions.39.The first network entity of claim 28, wherein the first communication includes an identifier of a second network entity, wherein the first information indicates that a portion of the identifier is to be included in the second communication.40.The first network entity of claim 39, wherein the first information includes a starting point and a quantity of bits indicative of the portion.41.The first network entity of claim 39, wherein the first information includes an index indicative of the portion of the identifier.42.The first network entity of claim 39, wherein the identifier includes multiple portions including the portion of the identifier, and wherein the first information includes a bitmap that is configured to indicate which portions, of the multiple portions, are to be included in the second communication.43.The first network entity of claim 28, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and wherein the processing system is configured to receive the second communication based on a quantity of transmissions of the type not satisfying a first threshold or based on a duration of transmissions having the type not satisfying a second threshold.44.The first network entity of claim 43, wherein the processing system is configured to:transmit configuration information indicating at least one of the first threshold or the second threshold.45.The first network entity of claim 28, wherein the type is an access procedure type such that the first communication is an access procedure communication.46.The first network entity of claim 45, wherein the access procedure communication is an Msg. 3 communication.47.The first network entity of claim 28, wherein the first information indicates that the second communication is to be transmitted, and wherein the first information indicates a quantity of transmissions of the type to be transmitted or a duration of transmissions of the type to be transmitted.48.A method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity, comprising:transmitting a first communication having a type;receiving first information associated with the first communication; andperforming, based on the first information, an operation, wherein the operation is a re-access operation or a transmission of a second communication having the type.49.A method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity, comprising:receiving a first communication having a type; andtransmitting first information for the first communication, wherein the first information indicates that a re-access operation is to be performed or a second communication having the type is to be transmitted.