Communication method and apparatus
The method addresses the inefficiency of individual ACK/NACK feedback for TBs in NTN by employing a quantized feedback codebook, reducing overhead and maintaining accuracy in 5G NR Rel-18.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-11
AI Technical Summary
In 5G NR Rel-18, the feedback overhead for acknowledging transport blocks (TBs) in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) is a challenge, as existing methods require individual acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) for each TB, leading to inefficient uplink signaling.
A method and apparatus that determine the likelihood of ACK or NACK for multiple TBs using quantized feedback, reducing the need for individual feedback by employing a quantized feedback codebook and transmitting a quantized feedback bit, allowing the network device to derive the actual quantized value.
This approach significantly reduces uplink signaling overhead while maintaining accurate feedback by using a quantized feedback codebook, enabling efficient communication in NTN scenarios.
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Figure CN2025071576_11062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD AND APPARATUS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to US patent application No. 63 / 727, 991, filed on December 4, 2024, and entitled “Communication Method and Apparatus” , the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication technology, and in particular, to communication methods and apparatuses.BACKGROUND
[0003] In 5th generation (5G) radio access network New Radio (NR) Rel-18, Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) support was further enhanced to introduce Coverage enhancements for NTN, network-verified User Equipment (UE) location, as well as support Terrestrial Network (TN) to NTN and NTN to NTN mobility scenarios. In 5G Rel-19, further enhancements to NTN may be investigated in the context of power sharing among satellite beams or different satellite beam patterns and size across the satellite footprint. The non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) sends one or more transport blocks (TBs) to the UE, and the UE needs to reply to the NT-TRP with whether the one or more TBs are received correctly. Regarding this process, how to reduce the feedback overhead is a problem needed to be solved.
[0004] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0005] This present disclosure provides communication methods and apparatuses used to determine likelihood of acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with each TB of the plurality of transport blocks (TBs) .
[0006] According to a first aspect, a method for a device is described. The method may be applied at a terminal side, for example, a terminal or a module in a terminal, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a terminal.
[0007] In some aspects of the disclosure, a communication method is provided. The method includes: receiving a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) ; and transmitting response information associated with the plurality of TBs. The response information is indicative of likelihood of acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.
[0008] Based on this, the terminal device replies to the network device with the response information that is indicative of likelihood of ACK or NACK associated with each TB of a plurality of TBs. Through the method in the implementations of the present disclosure, the terminal device does not need to generate an ACK or NACK feedback for each TB, which is conducive to reducing the uplink signaling overhead of the terminal device.
[0009] In some possible implementations, the likelihood is indicated by a first quantized value corresponding to the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.
[0010] In this implementation, the likelihood may be indicated by quantized information of the ACK or NACK of each TB of the plurality of TBs, where the quantized information is referred to as the first quantized value. This feedback mode may be referred to as a quantized ACK or NACK feedback mode. In this way, the terminal device determines the first quantized value based on the ACK or NACK of each TB of the plurality of TBs, and indicates the first quantized value using the response information. Therefore, there is no need to generate the ACK or NACK feedback for each TB, and the uplink signaling overhead is reduced.
[0011] In some possible implementations, the response information includes a first quantized feedback bit, the first quantized feedback bit corresponds to the first quantized value, and the first quantized value is associated with an actual quantized value that is determined based on the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.
[0012] It will be understood that in order to further reduce the feedback overhead, the terminal device may not directly reply with the first quantized value, but reply with the first quantized feedback bit which corresponds to the first quantized value; and the network device may determine the first quantized value based on the first quantized feedback bit, and then determine the reception of each TB based on the first quantized value. The corresponding relationship between the first quantized value and the first quantized feedback bit may be preset or preconfigured.
[0013] In this implementation, the first quantized value may be determined by the terminal device based on an actual quantized value which is obtained by the ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs. For example, the first quantized value may be the actual quantized value. For another example, the first quantized value may be a value closest to the actual quantized value, and the reason is that the actual quantized value is calculated based on the ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs and there may not be a corresponding quantized feedback bit. Determining the first quantized value based on the actual quantized value and replying with the first quantized value may further reduce the feedback overhead of the terminal device.
[0014] In some possible implementations, transmitting the response information includes: transmitting the response information based on a quantized feedback codebook. The quantized feedback codebook includes a plurality of quantized feedback bits and a plurality of quantized values corresponding to the plurality of quantized feedback bits. The plurality of quantized feedback bits include the first quantized feedback bit, and the plurality of quantized values include the first quantized value.
[0015] Since the quantized feedback codebook includes a plurality of quantized feedback bits and a plurality of quantized values corresponding to the plurality of quantized feedback bits, the terminal device may find the first quantized value from the quantized feedback codebook after determining the actual quantized value. If a quantized value equal to the actual quantized value exists in the quantized feedback codebook, then the terminal device determines the quantized value as the first quantized value. If no quantized value equal to the actual quantized value exists in the quantized feedback codebook, then the terminal device determines a quantized value closest to the actual quantized value as the first quantized value.
[0016] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: receiving first information for configuring the quantized feedback codebook.
[0017] The quantized feedback codebook may be configured by the network device for the terminal device, or the quantized feedback codebook may be predefined or preconfigured, which is not limited by the implementations of the present disclosure. It will be understood that both the network device and the terminal device determine the above quantized feedback codebook and obtain a corresponding relationship between the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values. In this way, the terminal device replies the ACK or NACK feedback of the plurality of TBs based on the quantized feedback codebook, and the network device analyses the first quantized feedback bit based on the same quantized feedback codebook to obtain an accurate result. Therefore, the method in the implementations of the present disclosure facilitates the improvement of the accuracy of the ACK or NACK feedback of the terminal device.
[0018] In some possible implementations, the first information includes the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values.
[0019] In this implementation, the network device may generate the first information carrying the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values, so as to indicating the quantized feedback codebook.
[0020] In some possible implementations, the first information includes: the plurality of quantized feedback bits, and information for determining the plurality of quantized values.
[0021] In this implementation, the information for determining the plurality of quantized values may be a plurality of quantized parameter values determined based on the plurality of quantized feedback bits as well as a defined step size value, and ratios of the plurality of quantized parameter values to the defined step size value are the plurality of quantized values. The network device may generate the first information carrying the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the information for determining the plurality of quantized values, so as to indicating the quantized feedback codebook. Therefore, it may reduce UL feedback overhead and allow UEs to operate under the constraint that NT-TRPs may not always be available to receive UL transmissions.
[0022] In some possible implementations, the actual quantized value is determined based on a plurality of response values associated with the plurality of TBs and a quantity of the plurality of TBs; and the plurality of response values include at least one of: one or more ACK values, or one or more NACK values.
[0023] The implementations of the present disclosure provide a method for determining an actual quantized value. In some possible implementations, the actual quantized value is a ratio of a sum of the plurality of response values to the quantity of the plurality of TBs.
[0024] In some possible implementations, the transmitting the response information includes: transmitting the response information in a case where the quantity of the plurality of TBs is greater than or equal to M, wherein M is a quantity of TBs corresponding to quantization operation and M is an integer greater than 1.
[0025] The network device may configure a threshold M to indicate the quantity of TBs corresponding to the response information replied by the terminal device. During the quantized feedback of ACK or NACK corresponding to the plurality of TBs, the terminal device transmits the response information only if the quantity of TBs is greater than or equal to M. Therefore, it may reduce UL feedback overhead and allow UEs to operate under the constraint that NT-TRPs may not always be available to receive UL transmissions.
[0026] It will be understood that the value of M may be configured by the network device for the terminal device, or the value of M may be predefined or preconfigured, which will not be limited in the implementations of the present disclosure.
[0027] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: setting a value of a counter to zero after a previous response; and increasing the value of the counter by 1 for each TB received after the previous response. Transmitting the response information includes: transmitting the response information in a case where the value of the counter is greater than or equal to M. After transmitting the response information, the method further includes: setting the value of the counter to zero.
[0028] By using the counter, the terminal device may accurately count the TBs, so as to perform the ACK or NACK feedback in the implementations of the present disclosure in the case where the value of the counter is greater than or equal to M, which is helpful for the terminal device to more accurately determine the feedback timing of the response information. Thus, the accuracy of the ACK or NACK feedback is improved.
[0029] In some possible implementations, before receiving the plurality of TBs, the method further includes: receiving second information for configuring a feedback mode of the response information as a quantized feedback mode. Transmitting the response information includes: transmitting the response information based on the second information.
[0030] In this implementation, the terminal device and the network device may adopt a variety of different feedback modes, which include a quantized feedback mode and a non-quantized feedback mode. Therefore, the network device may configure feedback mode (s) of the plurality of current TBs for the terminal device. In the case where the feedback mode (s) include the quantized feedback mode, the terminal device performs the method in the implementations of the present disclosure to reduce the signaling overhead. In the case where the feedback mode (s) include the non-quantized feedback mode, the terminal device may generate the ACK or NACK feedback for each TB, which is more accurate. This implementation may improve the flexibility of the ACK or NACK feedback of the terminal device, so as to satisfy different scenarios or business needs.
[0031] The method may be applied at a network side, for example, a network or a module in a network, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem (modem) chip, also referred to as a baseband (baseband) chip, or a system on chip (system on chip, SoC) chip or a system in package (system in package, SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a network device. The network device may be NT transmit / receive points (TRP) .
[0032] In some aspects of the disclosure, the communication method is provided. The method includes: transmitting a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) ; and receiving response information associated with the plurality of TBs. The response information is indicative of likelihood of acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.
[0033] In some possible implementations, the likelihood is indicated by a first quantized value corresponding to the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.
[0034] In some possible implementations, the response information includes a first quantized feedback bit, the first quantized feedback bit corresponds to the first quantized value, and the first quantized value is associated with an actual quantized value that is determined based on the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.
[0035] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: determining the first quantized value based on the response information and a quantized feedback codebook. The quantized feedback codebook includes a plurality of quantized feedback bits and a plurality of quantized values corresponding to the plurality of quantized feedback bits, wherein the plurality of quantized feedback bits include the first quantized feedback bit, and the plurality of quantized values include the first quantized value.
[0036] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: transmitting first information for configuring the quantized feedback codebook.
[0037] In some possible implementations, the first information includes the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values.
[0038] In some possible implementations, the first information includes: the plurality of quantized feedback bits, and information for determining the plurality of quantized values.
[0039] In some possible implementations, the actual quantized value is determined based on a plurality of response values associated with the plurality of TBs and a quantity of the plurality of TBs; and the plurality of response values includes at least one of: one or more ACK values, or one or more NACK values.
[0040] In some possible implementations, the actual quantized value is a ratio of a sum of the plurality of response values to the quantity of the plurality of TBs.
[0041] In some possible implementations, before transmitting the plurality of TBs, the method further includes: transmitting second information for configuring a feedback mode of the response information as a quantized feedback mode.
[0042] In some aspects of the disclosure, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of the first or the second aspect.
[0043] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus includes: a receiving unit configured to receive a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) ; a transmitting unit configured to transmit response information associated with the plurality of TBs. The response information is indicative of likelihood of acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.
[0044] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus includes: a transmitting unit configured to transmit a plurality of TBs; a receiving unit configured to receive response information associated with the plurality of TBs. the response information is indicative of likelihood of ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.
[0045] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus includes: one or more processors; andan interface circuit connected to the one or more processors and configured to: receive a plurality of TBs, and transmit response information associated with the plurality of TBs, wherein the response information is indicative of likelihood of ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.
[0046] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit includes one or more transceivers.
[0047] In some aspects of the disclosure, an apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus includes: one or more processors; and a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0048] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0049] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus may further include the memory.
[0050] According to some aspects of the disclosure, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0051] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0052] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus may further include the memory.
[0053] In some aspects of the disclosure, a communication system is provided, the communication system includes a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of the first aspect or the method of any one of the second aspect.
[0054] In some aspects of the disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of the first aspect or the second aspect.
[0055] In some aspects of the disclosure, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of the first aspect or the second aspect.
[0056] This application encompasses various implementations, including not only method implementations, but also other implementations such as apparatus implementations and implementations related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Implementations may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0057] For a better understanding of the various described implementations, reference should be made to the Detailed Description below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
[0058] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system in which implementations may be implemented;
[0059] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system in which implementations of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0060] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication system in which an apparatus wirelessly communicates with another apparatus in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0061] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0062] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0063] FIG. 6 illustrates one possible scenario is that T-TRPs are communicating with NT-TRPs that are part of a satellite constellation;
[0064] FIG. 7 illustrates another possible scenario may be envisioned where the satellite constellation effectively acts as the gateway for T-TRPs on the ground;
[0065] FIG. 8 illustrates another possible scenario may be envisioned where the NT-TRPs communicate with T-TRPs through the CN;
[0066] FIG. 9 illustrates an example bent-pipe scenarios with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0067] FIG. 10 illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0068] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of NT-TRP beam’s footprint with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0069] FIG. 12 illustrates an example the area illuminated by a given NT-TRP companion beam and a given NT-TRP listening beam with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0070] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of the NT-TRP may activate receive beams that are not pointed at coverage area with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0071] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of DL and UL activity at a NT-TRP with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0072] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a PUCCH transmission with a UCI payload with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0073] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of higher-layer configuration with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0074] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a PUCCH transmission with a UCI payload that includes the codeword value of “01” with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0075] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of the quantization step is defined by the range of higher-layer parameter inv-BLER-value with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0076] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of DL and UL activity at a NT-TRP with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0077] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of the communication method with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0078] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a PUCCH transmission with a UCI payload with a quantized ACK / NAK feedback with some implementations of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0079] Numerous details are described herein to provide a thorough understanding of the example implementations illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, some implementations may be practiced without many of the specific details, and the scope of the claims is only limited by those features and aspects specifically recited in the claims. Furthermore, well-known processes, components, and materials have not necessarily been described in exhaustive detail so as to avoid obscuring pertinent aspects of the implementations described herein.
[0080] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 . The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and includes of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0081] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0082] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0083] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0084] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 107a, 107b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0085] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0086] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0087] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0088] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0089] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0090] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0091] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0092] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0093] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0094] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0095] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0096] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0097] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0098] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0099] In addition, the communication system 100 may include a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0100] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0101] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0102] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0103] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0104] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0105] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0106] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0107] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0108] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0109] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0110] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0111] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0112] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0113] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0114] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0115] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0116] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0117] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method implementations disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method implementations disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with other apparatus / system such as a radio frequency processing apparatus, or processor system. The communication includes transmitting signal (or data, information) to another component or device, or receives signal from another component or device. “transmitting” includes outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit (transmitting unit) . “receiving” includes inputting or obtaining a signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit (receiving unit) . For example, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0118] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0119] FIG. 5 illustrates example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. For example, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0120] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0121] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0122] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0123] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core -a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0124] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0125] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0126] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0127] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0128] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute implementations may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method implementations disclosed herein.
[0129] A terrestrial communication system may also be referred to as a land-based or ground-based communication system, although a terrestrial communication system can also, or instead, be implemented on or in water. A wireless communications system may support communications between a UE and non-terrestrial devices, which is also called as a non-terrestrial communication system. The non-terrestrial communication system may bridge the coverage gaps for underserved areas by extending the coverage of cellular networks through non-terrestrial nodes, which will be key to ensuring global seamless coverage and providing mobile broadband services to unserved / underserved regions, in this case, it is hardly possible to implement terrestrial access-points / base-stations infrastructure in the areas like oceans, mountains, forests, or other remote areas.
[0130] The terrestrial communication system may be a wireless communications using 5G technology and / or later generation wireless technology. In some examples, the terrestrial communication system may also accommodate some wireless technology (such as 3G or 4G wireless technology) . The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communications using the satellite constellations like Geo-Stationary Orbit (GEO) satellites which utilizing broadcast public / popular contents to a local server, Low earth orbit (LEO) satellites establishing a better balance between large coverage area and propagation path-loss / delay, stabilize satellites in very low earth orbits (VLEO) enabling technologies substantially reducing the costs for launching satellites to lower orbits, high altitude platforms (HAPs) providing a low path-loss air interface for the users with limited power budget, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) ) achieving a dense deployment since their coverage can be limited to a local area, such as airborne, balloon, quadcopter, drones, etc. In some examples, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs may be horizontal and two-dimensional. In some examples, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs coupled to integrate satellite communications to cellular networks emerging 3D vertical networks include of many moving (other than geostationary satellites) and high altitude access points such as UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs.
[0131] One possible scenario is that T-TRPs are communicating with NT-TRPs that are part of a satellite constellation, see an example shown in FIG. 6. A satellite constellation includes a plurality of satellite orbits such that Earth is always provided with wireless coverage from the satellites, and each satellite orbit may have a plurality of satellites in it. T-TRPs may be connected to the core network through terrestrial gateways while satellite constellations may be connected to the core network through dedicated non-terrestrial gateways. Devices such as UEs may connect and communicate with a T-TRP or with an NT-TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0132] Another possible scenario may be envisioned where the satellite constellation effectively acts as the gateway for T-TRPs on the ground, see an example shown in FIG. 7. Satellites in the satellite constellation communicate with the CN through gateways located on the ground using a wireless link, while the gateways on the ground may use a wired link (such as fiber optical link) to communicate with the CN. T-TRPs communicate with satellites using a wireless link and satellites communicate between each-other using free space optical links (using such as lasers) . Devices such as UEs may connect and communicate with a T-TRP or with an NT-TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0133] Another possible scenario may be envisioned where the NT-TRPs communicate with T-TRPs through the CN, see an example shown in FIG. 8. NT-TRPs may first communicate with dedicated non-terrestrial gateways, which then communicate with the CN. The CN may then relay information from NT-TRPs to T-TRPs via dedicated terrestrial gateways. Devices such as UEs may connect and communicate with a T-TRP or with an NT-TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0134] In the scenarios shown in the figures, the link between the UE and the NT-TRPs may be called a service link, and the link between the NT-TRPs and the NTN gateway may be called a feeder link. In addition, the link between the NTN-TRPs may be called as inter-satellite link (ISL) (not shown in the figures) . Each NTN-TRP may be associated with one or more NTN Gateways.
[0135] In some cellular systems such as 5G NR, the UE can receive, detect and / or measure reference signals such as SS / PBCH blocks and NZP-CSI-RS. Such reference signals are based on pseudo random noise (PRN) binary sequences such as Gold sequences and those sequences may be initialized using common or UE-specific scrambling identities. As an example, PSS and SSS sequences are initialized using the physical cell identity (PCI) value, which is a common scrambling identity. NZP-CSI-RS sequences are initialized using UE-specific scrambling identities, which are configured (and / or signaled) by the network to the UE.
[0136] In 5G NR Rel-15, Bandwidth Part (BWP) switching was introduced in order to help UEs reduce Power Consumption by monitoring different BWPs for different types of services. UEs may be configured with multiple BWPs of varying sizes, which may be selected by the NW to provide different levels of service (e.g. for eMBB, URLLC or basic services) . UEs are configured to monitor PDCCH candidates where the NW may send DCI format (such as e.g. DCI format 1_1) which may include a “Bandwidth Part indicator” field. The BWP indicator field may activate a BWP whose identity matches the value carried in the BWP indicator field. Correspondingly, any BWP whose identity doesn’t match the value carried in the BWP indicator field may be deactivated.
[0137] In 5G NR Rel-16, Power Saving features were introduced in order to help UEs reduce Power Consumption. UEs that are in DRX mode may be informed by the NW that they can continue to sleep using a wake-up indication bit included in e.g., DCI format 2_6. UEs in DRX mode are configured to monitor PDCCH candidates where the NW may send DCI format 2_6. The DCI format 2_6 may include several wake-up indication bits intended for different UEs, where the wake-up indication bit indicates to the UE whether it should continue sleeping or wake up.
[0138] In 5G NR Rel-17, non-terrestrial network (NTN) support was introduced allowing UEs to support DL and / or UL communication with satellites using the so-called "bent-pipe" scenario, where a ground station transmits signals towards satellites in space, and satellites reflect signals back to UEs on the ground. Dedicated signaling related to NTN was introduced in order to assist UEs with NTN operation. Higher-layer signaling such as RRC introduces signaling satellite ephemeris, satellite position, satellite signal polarization, timing advance offsets, satellite System Information Block (SIB) , satellite epochs in order to support NTN operation.
[0139] The NTN will be understood as a wireless communication system operating over the earth's surface, which may include satellites in low earth orbit (LEO) , satellites in medium earth orbit (MEO) , satellites in geostationary orbit (GEO) , as well as high-altitude platforms (HAPS) and drones.
[0140] A UE may acquire the timing reference for radio frames transmitted by a satellite based on the higher-layer parameter e.g., epochTime signaled in the NTN SIB (e.g., SIB19) , where the higher-layer parameter epochTime corresponds to the starting time of a downlink sub-frame (or equivalently a downlink radio frame) . Other features that were introduced were the extension of HARQ processes to 32 in order to accommodate for large propagation delay scenarios and the disabling of HARQ-ACK feedback.
[0141] In 5G NR Rel-18, NTN support was further enhanced to introduce Coverage enhancements for NTN, network-verified UE location, as well as support TN to NTN and NTN to NTN mobility scenarios. In 5G Rel-19, further enhancements to NTN may be investigated in the context of power sharing among satellite beams or different satellite beam patterns and size across the satellite footprint. However, such work is not considering enhancements to SS / PBCH blocks e.g., due to backward compatibility challenges.
[0142] Some satellite constellations such as e.g. Starlink may use asymmetric DL and / or UL configurations where a satellite may use a higher number of DL beams vs. UL beams. Such asymmetry in the number of DL and / or UL beams may result in situations where a satellite may have a Tx beam pointing towards a given coverage area but may not have a Rx beam pointing towards the same coverage area.
[0143] This disclosure discloses methods for Quantized ACK and / or NAK in various communication systems, such as NTN systems, terrestrial systems, sidelink communication systems and / or device to device (D2D) communication systems, etc. Although some of the examples and / or aspects and / or implementations in this disclosure are explained with respect to NTN systems, all such methods, apparatuses, examples, aspects, implementations can also be applied to other systems such as terrestrial systems, sidelink communication systems and / or D2D communication systems, etc. NT-TRPs such as e.g. satellites operating as part of a constellation transmit physical layer signals and / or channels towards UEs on the ground. Such NT-TRPs have to transmit beams towards UEs on the ground which may be e.g. so-called “wide” beams and / or “narrow” beams. Wide beams may have a larger footprint and correspondingly a lower beamforming gain, whereas narrow beams may have a smaller footprint and correspondingly a higher beamforming gain.
[0144] This disclosure introduces methods for network nodes e.g., NT-TRPs to configure terminal devices e.g., UEs on the ground with feedback information, e.g., ACK and / or NAK Quantization. NT-TRPs may not be able to listen to periodic UL physical layer transmissions such as e.g. PUCCH transmissions carrying ACK and / or NAK feedback from UEs, especially if UEs are configured to transmit PUCCH transmissions carrying ACK / NAK feedback bits for TBs received in corresponding PDSCH transmissions. In order to reduce UL feedback overhead, UEs may be configured and / or informed and / or signaled to transmit PUCCH transmissions carrying “quantized” and / or “filtered” ACK / NAK feedback bits where the “quantized” and / or “filtered” ACK / NAK feedback bits may correspond to “n” TBs transmitted in PDSCH transmissions associated with various HARQ processes (where “n” is a positive integer value) .
[0145] UEs may be embedded systems with limited battery capacity and limited UL transmit power. NT-TRPs may be embedded systems with limited number of radio-frequency (RF) chains to generate UL listening beams. It may be detrimental in non-terrestrial communications systems to have UEs transmit physical layer UL transmissions such as e.g. PUCCHs frequently, as that may lead to increased power consumption and reduce UE battery life-span. It may be infeasible in non-terrestrial communication systems to have NT-TRPs attempt to monitor for UL transmissions in all coverage areas under the NT-TRP’s footprint as NT-TRPs may not have the processing capability to constantly monitor for UL transmissions (from UEs) in all coverage areas within its footprint.
[0146] Therefore, it may be beneficial for UEs to transmit as few UL transmissions (such as PUCCH) as possible. These few UL transmissions may be transmitted by the UE in a manner that may be coordinated by the NT-TRP, using e.g. UL listening windows. Similarly, it may be beneficial for UEs to transmit UL transmissions with a payload as small as possible. These UL transmissions may need to occupy some time and / or frequency resources which may be called “Resource Elements” (REs) and fewer the REs that are occupied by UL transmission (s) , higher the energy per resource element (EPRE) may be. If UEs are able to transmit UL transmissions with a higher EPRE, then this may increase the probability of the NT-TRP successfully receiving, detecting and decoding UL transmissions transmitted by those UEs.
[0147] 5G NR Rel-15 introduced support for so-called BWP switching through dynamic signaling such as DCI formats. This mechanism is used by the network to configure multiple BWPs to a UE and switch between these multiple BWPs depending on the type of service requested by the UE and provide the appropriate quality of service.
[0148] 5G NR Rel-17 introduces support for non-terrestrial networks by introducing several enhancements on the timing relationships for the Timing Advance, the reference timing for CSI resources, the transmission timing of DCIs scheduling PUSCH, the transmission timing of Random Access response carried by a PUSCH, the transmission timing of HARQ-ACK on a PUCCH.
[0149] 5G NR Rel-17 also introduces a solution combining closed-loop and open-loop Timing Advance compensation, where the closed-loop part is controlled by the network and the open-loop part is carried out by the UE. The compensation from the UE may be based on the knowledge of the satellite’s ephemeris (e.g. parameters such as the satellite’s orbital angles) .
[0150] 5G NR Rel-17 supports so-called “bent-pipe” scenarios, e.g., the base-station is located behind a NTN gateway on the ground, the NTN gateway sends a transmission towards the satellite (this link is called the “feeder” link) and the satellite transmits the transmission towards UEs on the ground (this link is called the “service” link) . In such a scenario, the satellite may be considered as a “mirror” in the sky or a “reflector” in the sky, reflecting physical layer signals and / or channels from the NTN gateway back to UEs located on the ground. This is shown in the FIG. 9.
[0151] Satellites transmit multiple beams towards the ground and it is assumed that each beam is associated with a given “physical cell identity” . It is also assumed that satellites transmit beams in a “fixed” manner, where “fixed” means that the satellite isn’t steering its beams towards a given direction, instead the beams “slide” on the surface of Earth and thus appear to be “moving” from the perspective of devices on the ground.
[0152] Starting from 5G NR Rel-19, 3GPP is studying aspects related to downlink coverage enhancements, which may include defining new features that assume power sharing among a satellite’s beams or different satellite beam patterns and / or beam sizes. This is due to the fact that a satellite’s equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) needs to be shared across simultaneously active beams, therefore the actual transmit power of an active beam is lower than the satellite’s EIRP. The number of simultaneously active beams a satellite may be able to transmit may have to do with the on-board RF hardware capability of the satellite.
[0153] 5G NR includes support for CSI feedback using different types of NZP CSI-RS: periodic NZP CSI-RS, semi-persistent NZP CSI-RS and aperiodic NZP CSI-RS. Aperiodic CSI reporting may be triggered by the network using e.g., DCI format 0_1 or DCI format 0_2 by including e.g., a CSI Request field, which may have from 0 to 6 bits. DCI format 0_1 or DCI format 0_2 may be used by the NW to schedule a PUSCH transmission by the UE. A UE may be configured using higher-layer signaling with aperiodic CSI reporting configurations and aperiodic NZP CSI-RSs. Depending on the value of the CSI Request field in DCI format 0_1 or DCI format 0_2, the UE may detect and / or measure the NZP CSI-RSs indicated by the CSI Request field and transmit a corresponding CSI report to the NW using e.g. PUSCH.
[0154] 5G NR includes support for Power Saving using e.g., DCI format 2_6. The NW may transmit DCI format 2_6, which is monitored by UEs that are sleeping. The NW may provide a wake-up bit to each UE in order to wake up individual UEs, the NW may set the wake-up indication bit to a value, e.g., “1” so that the corresponding UE may wake up. The NW may set the wake-up indication bit to a value, e.g., “0” so that the UEs continue to sleep (and stay in DRX mode) . This mechanism may allow UEs in DRX mode to continue staying in DRX mode and thus help to reduce power consumption.
[0155] It will be understood that in the implementations of the present disclosure, the terms ED, UE, terminal device, etc. can be used interchangeably, and the terms BS, TRP, NW, network device, etc. can be used interchangeably. It will also be understood that, although some implementations and / or examples in this disclosure are explained and / or illustrated with respect to the NTN networks and / or NTN-TRPs, all such implementations and / or examples and / or teachings of this disclosure may also be applied to terrestrial networks (correspondingly, to terrestrial TRPs) and / or sidelink communication networks (correspondingly, to network nodes in sidelink communication networks) and / or Device-to-Device (D2D) communication networks (correspondingly, to network nodes in D2D communication networks) etc.
[0156] Based on this, the implementations of the present disclosure provide a communication method. The terminal device replies to the network device with response information that is indicative of likelihood of ACK or NACK associated with each TB of a plurality of TBs. Through the method in the implementations of the present disclosure, the terminal device does not need to generate an ACK or NACK feedback for each TB, which is conducive to reducing the uplink signaling overhead of the terminal device.
[0157] The technical solutions of the implementations of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems. The communication systems may be cellular systems related to 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) , such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, LTE time division duplex (TDD) systems, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) systems, 5th generation (5G) or new radio (NR) communication systems, future wireless communication system, etc. The communication systems may also be an open access network (open RAN, O-RAN or ORAN) , cloud radio access network (CRAN) , or virtualized radio access network (virtualized RAN, vRAN) , etc. The technical solutions of the implementations of the present disclosure may also be applied to a communication system with an integration of the above two or more systems.
[0158] Reference is now made to FIG. 10, which illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. The device interaction involves a terminal device and a network device.
[0159] In step 1001, the network device transmits a plurality of TBs to the terminal device; and accordingly, the terminal device receives the plurality of TBs from the network device.
[0160] The terminal device may receive the plurality of TBs at once or at multiple and / or different times.
[0161] In step 1002, the terminal device transmits response information to the network device; and accordingly, the network device receives the response information from the terminal device.
[0162] The response information is indicative of likelihood of ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.
[0163] The likelihood can be understood as a probability that the feedback of each TB of the plurality of TBs is ACK or NACK. In some implementations, the likelihood may be understood as an average value of ACK or NCK associated with the plurality of TBs. In some implementations, the likelihood may be understood as a number and / or value representing how many ACK and / or NCK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs. In some implementations, the likelihood may be understood as a number or value representing a percentage of ACK or NACK associated with the plurality of TBs. In some other implementations, the likelihood may be understood as a probability of a TB of the plurality of TBs, being decoded correctly (i.e. for which the UE would generate an ACK bit) . In some other implementations, the likelihood may be understood as a probability of a TB of the plurality of TBs, not being decoded correctly (i.e. for which the UE would generate a NACK bit) . In the above implementations of the present disclosure, the terminal device may process the ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs, thereby obtaining the likelihood.
[0164] In the method provided in the implementations of the present disclosure, the terminal device replies to the network device with the response information that is indicative of likelihood of ACK or NACK associated with each TB of a plurality of TBs. Therefore, the terminal device does not need to generate an ACK or NACK feedback for each TB, which is conducive to reducing the uplink signaling overhead of the terminal device.
[0165] For convenience of the description, the communication method in the implementations of the present disclosure will be introduced by taking an example in which the terminal device is the UE and the network device is the NT-TRP.
[0166] In the implementations of the present disclosure, the likelihood is indicated by a first quantized value corresponding to the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.
[0167] In this implementation, the likelihood may be indicated by quantized information of the ACK or NACK of each TB of the plurality of TBs, where the quantized information is referred to as the first quantized value. This feedback mode may be referred to as a quantized ACK or NACK feedback mode. In this way, the UE determines the first quantized value based on the ACK or NACK of each TB of the plurality of TBs, and indicate the first quantized value using the response information. Therefore, there is no need to generate the ACK or NACK feedback for each TB, and the uplink signaling overhead is reduced.
[0168] In a possible implementation, the response information is transmitted within a time interval in which one or more receive beams for the NT-TRP are active. For ease of understanding, the beam configuration of NT-TRP will be introduced by taking the beams for the NT-TRP as an example.
[0169] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there may be e.g. a Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) constellation operating at a given altitude e.g. 600 km above Earth. NT-TRPs such as satellites may be moving along their orbit and occupy different positions at different times. It may be assumed that NT-TRPs may have the capability to steer their transmit beams at specific locations that may be called “Reference Points (RPs) ” , such that as NT-TRPs are moving along their orbit the transmit beams are directed towards those RPs. It may be assumed that NT-TRPs have an aggregate EIRP which is shared among its transmit beams for the purpose of transmitting physical layer signals and / or channels towards UEs on the ground. It may be assumed that UEs on the ground are in a power consumption mode that is associated with connected state (e.g. RRC_CONNECTED) , and have an active RRC connection with the NT NW; or it may be assumed that UEs on the ground are in a power consumption mode that is associated with non-connected state (e.g. RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE) , and don’t have an active RRC connection with the NT NW.
[0170] The NT-TRP’s footprint may be different from the NT-TRP beam’s footprint. The NT-TRP may transmit one or more beams towards the ground and each beam may have a corresponding “footprint” which may be defined as the area which is “illuminated” by the beam. The NT-TRP’s footprint may be defined as the aggregation of all the beams the NT-TRP may transmit to the ground. The beams transmitted by the NT-TRP may be such that their tilt angles and / or scan angles are within a given threshold. An example is shown in FIG. 11.
[0171] The large elliptical line area may correspond to the area illuminated by a given NT-TRP anchor beam. The black line may be seen as a threshold for e.g. reference signal received power (RSRP) or signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) . For instance, the large elliptical line may correspond to the line where the SINR is less than or equal to -3 dB (e.g., good coverage within the area) . Similarly, the small elliptical line area may correspond to the area illuminated by a given NT-TRP companion beam, where the black line may be seen as a threshold for e.g. RSRP or SINR. For instance, the small elliptical black line may correspond to the line where the SINR is less than or equal to -3 dB (e.g., good coverage within the area) . The NT-TRP’s footprint based on anchor beams may be much larger than the footprints of the NT-TRP’s active companion beams due to the fact that the NT-TRP may support only a few simultaneously active beams N (e.g. N=6) at any given time. The NT-TRP may select which N beams are to transmit simultaneously based on e.g. scheduling decisions. It may be assumed that NT-TRPs have an on-board MAC scheduler which may make scheduling decisions which may result in the NT-TRP transmitting up to N simultaneously active beams.
[0172] An anchor beam is a wide beam that has a larger footprint and correspondingly a lower beamforming gain. A companion beam is a narrow beam that has a smaller footprint and correspondingly a higher beamforming gain.
[0173] The NT-TRP may transmit the so-called “anchor” beams which may be used by the NT-TRP to transmit broadcast and / or multicast physical layer reference signals and / or channels to UEs on the ground. Such anchor beams may correspond to spatial transmit filters which may have a “wide” beam width, thus resulting in a large beam footprint on the ground, as shown in the figure above. Throughout the application, the terms “beam” and “spatial filter” may be used inter-changeably. The challenge of using such “wide” beams may be that they may have a lower beamforming gain. This is due to the fact that a beam’s half-power beam-width (HPBW) is inversely proportional to the number of antenna elements in an antenna array, while the beamforming gain is logarithmically proportional with the number of antenna elements in an antenna array. Therefore, it may be said that a high beamforming gain goes hand-in-hand with a small beam footprint. In order to obtain a high beamforming gain, a high number of antenna elements may be needed, which may result in a small HPBW and thus a reduced beam footprint. In order to obtain a low beamforming gain, a small number of antenna elements may be needed, which may result in a high HPBW and thus a wider beam footprint.
[0174] Given that NT-TRPs are embedded systems with limited numbers of RF chains, an NT-TRP can only generate a number of DL and / or UL beams up to the number of RF chains. Furthermore, the NT-TRP may also be limited in terms of the number of DL and / or UL beams that it can simultaneously transmit. As an example, if the NT-TRP may support only N=6 simultaneously active DL companion beams, the NT-TRP may also support only M=2 simultaneously active UL “listening beams” . These UL listening beams may effectively be “receive” beams for the NT-TRP which the NT-TRP may use for the purpose of detecting and / or decoding physical layer reference signals and / or physical layer channels transmitted by UEs on the ground (effectively, the NT-TRP “listens” to transmissions from UEs) . In some implementations, these UL beams may be generated in such a manner that their footprint on the ground may correspond with that of a DL companion beam. An example is shown in FIG. 12.
[0175] In FIG. 12 shows the area illuminated by a given NT-TRP companion beam and a given NT-TRP listening beam, where the black line may be seen as a threshold for e.g. RSRP or SINR. For instance, the black line may correspond to the line where the SINR is less than or equal to -3 dB (e.g., good coverage within the area) . As can be seen in the example above, the NT-TRP may be able to support up to eight beams, where each beam may be a transmit beam (i.e. a DL companion beam) or a receive beam (i.e. a UL listening beam) . In the above example, there are N=6 DL companion beams and M=2 UL listening beams. Having a lower number of UL listening beams (compared to a number of DL companion beams) may mean that the NT-TRP has a lower capacity limit as the NT-TRP has fewer resources to accommodate UEs that are located within the NT-TRP’s footprint. Having a lower number of UL listening beams may be a reflection of the network load distribution, e.g., if the NT-TRP is facing a greater DL network load then the NT-TRP may increase the allocation of DL companion beams within the set of simultaneously active beams in order to help accommodate the DL network load; if the NT-TRP is facing a greater UL network load then the NT-TRP may increase the allocation of UL companion beams within the set of simultaneously active beams in order to help accommodate the UL network load.
[0176] Based on the example shown above, the NT-TRP may activate receive beams that are pointed at coverage areas which also have a transmit beam pointing at them, this is shown in FIG. 12. This means that there are two coverage areas where UEs may be receiving DL signals and / or channels and may be transmitting UL signals and / or channels. This also means that there are four coverage areas where UEs may be receiving DL signals and / or channels but may not transmitting UL signals and / or channels.
[0177] In another implementation, the NT-TRP may activate receive beams that are not pointed at coverage area while also have a transmit beam pointing at them. This means that there are six coverage areas where UEs may be receiving DL signals and / or channels and may not be transmitting UL signals and / or channels. This also means that there are two coverage areas where UEs may not receiving DL signals and / or channels and may be transmitting UL signals and / or channels. An example is shown in FIG. 13.
[0178] The NT-TRP may activate UL listening beams at different times depending on a variety of conditions. This may impact the operation of ACK / NAK feedback in the sense that a UE may be configured to transmit PUCCH transmissions carrying ACK / NAK feedback bits, however the UE may only transmit PUCCH transmissions carrying ACK / NAK feedback such that those PUCCH transmissions are received by a NT-TRP within a corresponding UL listening window. An example of DL and UL activity at a NT-TRP is shown in FIG. 14.
[0179] In FIG. 14, a DL companion beam may be active for a given time interval, this means that the DL companion beam is actively illuminating the coverage area and UEs within that coverage area may be able to receive, detect and / or decode DL physical layer transmissions such as e.g. PDCCH / PDSCH. Correspondingly, an UL listening beam may be active for a given time interval, this means that the UL listening beam is actively illuminating the coverage area and the NT-TRP may be able to receive, detect and / or decode UL physical layer transmissions such as e.g. PUCCH / PUSCH. However, the UL listening beam may be active for a much shorter time interval as the NT-TRP may need to illuminate other coverage areas using its UL listening beams.
[0180] While the UL listening windows are not active, UEs on the ground may not be expected to send PUCCH transmissions carrying ACK / NAK feedback bits as the NT-TRP may not be listening for such transmissions and therefore, the NT-TRP may not be able to receive, detect and / or decode PUCCH / PUSCH transmissions even if UEs were to transmit e.g. PUCCH / PUSCH towards the NT-TRP. Therefore, UEs may need to wait until the UL listening window is active in order to transmit a PUCCH transmission carrying ACK / NAK feedback bits.
[0181] For example, in some implementations, the response information includes a first quantized feedback bit, the first quantized feedback bit corresponds to the first quantized value, and the first quantized value is associated with an actual quantized value that is determined based on the ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.
[0182] It will be understood that in order to further reduce the feedback overhead, the UE may not directly reply with the first quantized value, but reply with the first quantized feedback bit which corresponds to the first quantized value; and the NT-TRP may determine the first quantized value based on the first quantized feedback bit, and then determine the reception of each TB based on the first quantized value. The corresponding relationship between the first quantized value and the first quantized feedback bit may be preset or preconfigured.
[0183] In some implementations, the first quantized value may be determined by the UE based on an actual quantized value which is obtained by the ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs. For example, the first quantized value may be the actual quantized value. For another example, the first quantized value may be a value closest to the actual quantized value, and the reason is that the actual quantized value is calculated based on the ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs and there may not be a corresponding quantized feedback bit. In some implementations, first quantized value is determined based on the actual quantized value and the UE replies with the first quantized value and / or a corresponding quantized feedback bit, which may reduce the feedback overhead of the UE.
[0184] In a possible implementation, the actual quantized value is determined based on a plurality of response values associated with the plurality of TBs and a quantity of the plurality of TBs; and the plurality of response values include at least one of: one or more ACK values, and / or one or more NACK values.
[0185] For example, the actual quantized value is a ratio of a sum of the plurality of response values to the quantity of the plurality of TBs.
[0186] In order to reduce the overhead of the Uplink Control Information (UCI) , which is the payload of the PUCCH transmission, in some implementations, the UE may produce “quantized” ACK / NAK feedback bits where the quantized ACK / NAK feedback bits may be e.g. an average ACK quantized over e.g. Nquant bits, where Nquant is a positive integer value. It is assumed that M is the number of PDSCH transmissions for which the UE was not able to transmit PUCCH carrying ACK / NAK feedback bits, then the average ACK may be calculated as follows:
[0187] In an implementation of the present disclosure, for each m-th PDSCH transmission, if the TB is decoded correctly then the UE may generate an ACK value which may be e.g. “1” , if the TB is decoded incorrectly then the UE may generate a NAK value which may be e.g. “0” . The resulting value ACKavg may be a decimal value between 0 and 1. The resulting value ACKavg may be quantized over Nquant bits, an example of quantized ACK feedback assuming Nquant=4 may be as follows: Table 1
[0188] In the example of Table 1, the first row may include codeword values and the second row may include corresponding block error rate (BLER) values. The second row may include inverse BLER values which may be calculated as follows:
[0189] In this implementation, the first quantized feedback bit is 4 bits, which is not limited in the implementations of the present disclosure.
[0190] In another implementation of the present disclosure, for each m-th PDSCH transmission, if the TB is decoded correctly then the UE may generate an ACK value which may be e.g. “1” , if the TB is decoded incorrectly then the UE may generate a NAK value which may be e.g. “0” . The resulting value ACKavg may be a decimal value between 0 and 1. The resulting value ACKavg may be quantized over Nquant bits, an example of quantized ACK feedback assuming Nquant=4 may be as follows: Table 2
[0191] In the example of Table 2, the first row may include codeword values and the second row may include corresponding block error rate (BLER) values. In some implementations, the UE may generate a PUCCH transmission with a UCI payload that includes the codeword value whose corresponding average ACK value is the closest to ACKavg as calculated above. Unlike in some implementations where the number of entries in the quantized ACK / NAK codebook includes entries covering the entire range of inverse BLER values, in some implementations, there may not be a need to describe the full spectrum of inverse BLER values and instead focus on targeted inverse BLER values of interest for the purpose of quantized ACK / NAK feedback. As in the example of Table 2, the selected values of interest for inverse BLER may be {0.5; 0.8; 0.9; 0.95} . This may have the advantage of further reducing the number of quantized ACK / NAK feedback bits while targeting inverse BLER values of interest for the NW.
[0192] In this implementation, the first quantized feedback bit is 2 bits, which has a smaller bits of the first quantized feedback bit compared with Table 1 in which the first quantized feedback bit is 4 bits. Therefore, in this implementation, the bits of the first quantized feedback bit is less, which may further reduce the UL overhead.
[0193] It will be noted that, the bits of the first quantized feedback bit will not be specifically limited in the implementations of the present disclosure, which may be set based on practical scenarios. For example, the first quantized feedback bit may be 6 bits or 8 bits.
[0194] For example, the UE transmits the response information to the NT-TRP in a case where the quantity of the plurality of TBs is greater than or equal to M, where M is a quantity of TBs corresponding to quantization operation and M is an integer greater than 1.
[0195] The network device may configure a threshold M to indicate the quantity of TBs corresponding to the response information replied by the terminal device. During the quantized feedback of ACK or NACK corresponding to the plurality of TBs, the terminal device transmits the response information only if the quantity of TBs is greater than or equal to M.
[0196] It will be noted that if the quantity of the plurality of TBs received by the terminal device is greater than M, M TBs will be selected from the plurality of TBs for feedback, and the remaining TBs will be left for feedback in a next response.
[0197] It will be understood that the value of M may be configured and / or signaled by the network device for the terminal device, or the value of M may be predefined or preconfigured, which will not be limited in the implementations of the present disclosure.
[0198] The value of M is not limited in the implementations of the present disclosure. The value of M may vary. For example, in a period of time, a codebook 1 is used, and the codebook 1 corresponds to M1; and in another period of time, a codebook 2 is used, and the codebook 2 corresponds to M2.
[0199] For example, the UE transmits the response information to the NT-TRP based on a quantized feedback codebook.
[0200] The quantized feedback codebook includes a plurality of quantized feedback bits and a plurality of quantized values corresponding to the plurality of quantized feedback bits, the plurality of quantized feedback bits include the first quantized feedback bit, and the plurality of quantized values include the first quantized value.
[0201] Since the quantized feedback codebook includes a plurality of quantized feedback bits and a plurality of quantized values corresponding to the plurality of quantized feedback bits, the UE may find the first quantized value from the quantized feedback codebook after determining the actual quantized value. If a quantized value equal to the actual quantized value exists in the quantized feedback codebook, then the UE determines the quantized value as the first quantized value. If no quantized value equal to the actual quantized value exists in the quantized feedback codebook, then the UE determines a quantized value closest to the actual quantized value as the first quantized value.
[0202] For example, the UE receives, from the NT-TRP, first information for configuring the quantized feedback codebook.
[0203] The quantized feedback codebook may be configured and / or signaled by the NT-TRP for the UE, or the quantized feedback codebook may be predefined or preconfigured, which is not limited by the implementations of the present disclosure. It will be understood that both the NT-TRP and the UE determine the above quantized feedback codebook and obtain a corresponding relationship between the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values. In this way, the UE replies the ACK or NACK feedback of the plurality of TBs based on the quantized feedback codebook, and the network device analyses the first quantized feedback bit based on the same quantized feedback codebook to obtain an accurate result. Therefore, the method in the implementations of the present disclosure facilitates the improvement of the accuracy of the ACK or NACK feedback of the UE.
[0204] For example, the first information includes the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values.
[0205] In this implementation, the NT-TRP may generate the first information carrying the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values, so as to indicating the quantized feedback codebook.
[0206] In this implementation, the information for determining the plurality of quantized values can be understood as a plurality of quantized parameter values determined based on a plurality of quantized feedback bits as well as a defined step size value, and ratios of the plurality of quantized parameter values to the defined step size value are the plurality of quantized values. The NT-TRP may generate the first information carrying the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the information for determining the plurality of quantized values, so as to indicate the quantized feedback codebook.
[0207] In some implementations, the bits of the quantized feedback bit is shown in Table 1, and the first information generated by the NT-TRP carries the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values. the UE may generate a PUCCH transmission with a UCI payload that includes the codeword value whose corresponding average ACK value is the closest to ACKavg as calculated above. As an example, if the number of PDSCH transmissions for which the UE was not able to transmit ACK / NAK feedback bits is e.g. M=20 and the number of ACK bits is equal to 16, then ACKavg =16 / 20 = 0.8 may be obtained, therefore, the UE may generate a PUCCH transmission with a UCI payload that includes the codeword value of “1101” , as “1101” is associated with an average value of 0.8125 (i.e., 13 / 16) which is the closest quantized value to ACKavg (i.e., 0.8) . This is illustrated in FIG. 15.
[0208] FIG. 16 is an example of higher-layer information and / or configuration that may be provided to the UE in relation to quantized ACK / NAK feedback.
[0209] In some implementations, if the UE is provided with higher-layer parameter e.g., pdsch-HARQ-ACK-feedback set to e.g., “quantized” , the UE may generate quantized ACK / NAK feedback bits. In some implementations, the UE may generate quantized ACK / NAK feedback bits based on a codebook where quantized ACK / NAK feedback bits have a one-to-one mapping with a block error rate (BLER) . In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter e.g., quantized-HARQ-ACK-Codebook, which may include one or more entries of quantized ACK / NAK feedback bits associated with a BLER value. In some implementations, a higher-layer parameter e.g., quantized-HARQ-ACK-Codebook may include one or more entries of Quantized-HARQ-ACK. In some implementations, each entry of Quantized-HARQ-ACK may include higher-layer parameter e.g., harq-ack, which may include a quantized value that the UE may use to generate quantized ACK / NAK feedback bits. In some implementations, each entry of Quantized-HARQ-ACK may further include a higher-layer parameter e.g., inv-BLER-value, which may include a value of the inverse of the corresponding BLER value. An example of the higher-layer configuration that may be provided to the UE is shown in the example below:
[0210] In some implementations, the bits of the quantized feedback bit is shown in Table 2, and the first information generated by the NT-TRP carries the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the information for determining the plurality of quantized values. As an example, if the number of PDSCH transmissions for which the UE was not able to transmit ACK / NAK feedback bits is e.g. M=20 and the number of ACK bits is equal to 16, then ACKavg = 16 / 20 = 0.8 may be obtained, therefore the UE may generate a PUCCH transmission with a UCI payload that includes the codeword value of “01” , since “01” is associated with an average value of 0.8 which is the closest quantized value to ACKavg. This is illustrated in FIG. 17.
[0211] An example of the higher-layer configuration that may be provided to the UE is shown in the example below:
[0212] In the example above, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter quantized-HARQ-ACK-Codebook, which may include four entries of higher-layer parameter harq-ack and inv-BLER-value. Using the first entry as an example, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter harq-ack set to ‘00’ and a corresponding higher-layer parameter inv-BLER-value set to ‘5000’ . In some implementations, the UE may assume that the quantization step (e.g., the number by with the inv-BLER-value will be divided) is set to ‘10000’ by e.g. the 3GPP standard may explicitly define the quantization step, thus not requiring the UE to be provided with a higher-layer parameter defining the quantization step. In some implementations, the UE may assume that the quantization step is defined by the range of higher-layer parameter inv-BLER-value, as shown in FIG. 18.
[0213] The higher-layer parameter inv-BLER-value may be defined as an integer value which may be in the range defined by {1, …, maxNrofBLERvalues} where maxNrofBLERvalues may be set to e.g. ‘10000’ . Therefore, the UE may derive the quantization step as being set to ‘10000’ . Thus, the inverse BLER value may be obtained as the ratio of the value of inv-BLER-value and maxNrofBLERvalues.
[0214] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter inv-BLER-value-quantization which may define the quantization of the inverse BLER values.
[0215] Based on the above example, the NT-TRP may activate UL listening beams at different times depending on a variety of conditions. This may impact the operation of ACK / NAK feedback in the sense that a UE may be configured to transmit PUCCH transmissions carrying ACK / NAK feedback bits, however the UE may only transmit PUCCH transmissions carrying ACK / NAK feedback such that those PUCCH transmissions are received by a NT-TRP within a corresponding UL listening window. An example of DL and UL activity at a NT-TRP is shown in FIG. 19.
[0216] In some implementations, the bits of the quantized feedback bit is shown in Table 2, and the first information generated by the NT-TRP carries the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the information for determining the plurality of quantized values. As an example, similar to the example above and referring again to Table 2, if the number of PDSCH transmissions for which the UE was not able to transmit ACK / NAK feedback bits is e.g. M=20 and the number of ACK bits is equal to 16, then ACKavg = 16 / 20 = 0.8 may be obtained, therefore the UE may generate a PUCCH transmission with a UCI payload that includes the codeword value of “01” , as “01” is associated with an average value of 0.8 which is the closest quantized value to ACKavg, as explained in the previous implementation.
[0217] An example of the higher-layer configuration that may be provided to the UE is shown in the example below:
[0218] In the above implementations, for example, the UE sets a value of a counter to zero after a previous response; and increases the value of the counter by 1 for each TB received after the previous response.
[0219] For example, the UE transmits the response information to the NT-TRP in a case where the value of the counter is greater than or equal to M; and after the UE transmits the response information to the NT-TRP, the UE sets the value of the counter to zero.
[0220] By using the counter, the UE may accurately count the TBs, so as to perform the ACK or NACK feedback in the implementations of the present disclosure in the case where the value of the counter is greater than or equal to M, which is helpful for the UE to more accurately determine the feedback timing of the response information. Thus, the accuracy of the ACK or NACK feedback is improved.
[0221] With respect to the example shown in FIG. 20, it may be assumed that during a first UL listening window, the UE got the opportunity to transmit a PUCCH carrying a UCI payload comprising a quantized ACK / NAK payload and that the UE resets its counter of PDSCH reception occasions after e.g., the end of the last OFDM symbol of the PDSCH reception occasion for which the UE generated a quantized ACK / NAK feedback.
[0222] In some implementations, the UE may first receive a number e.g., M1, where M1<M of PDSCH transmissions in PDSCH reception occasions until the DL companion beam is muted by the NT-TRP. The DL companion beam may become active at a later time (shown in the dashed vertical grey line in FIG. 20) and the corresponding UL listening window may also become active soon after. However, due to the fact that the number of PDSCH reception occasions is lower than M, the UE may not transmit a PUCCH carrying a UCI payload with a quantized ACK / NAK feedback. An example of this is shown in FIG. 20.
[0223] Following reactivation of the DL companion beam covering the UE, the UE may then receive another number e.g., M2 of PDSCH transmissions in PDSCH reception occasions after the DL companion beam is activated again by the NT-TRP. At the second activation of the UL listening window, the UE may still not transmit a PUCCH carrying a UCI payload with a quantized ACK / NAK feedback. However, at the third activation of the UL listening window, the UE may be able to transmit a PUCCH carrying a UCI payload with a quantized ACK / NAK feedback as M1+M2≥M, where M is the value of higher-layer parameter minNrofPDSCHReceptionOccasions.
[0224] In some implementations, the UE may maintain a PDSCH reception occasions counter. If the UE is provided with higher-layer parameter minNrofPDSCHReceptionOccasions, then the UE may continue to receive, detect and / or decode PDSCH transmissions in PDSCH reception occasions and generate a quantized ACK / NAK feedback until the UE receives an indication of an UL listening window and the counter of the number of PDSCH reception occasions is higher than higher-layer parameter minNrofPDSCHReceptionOccasions. Such a mechanism allows the NW to control when UEs transmit a PUCCH transmission carrying a UCI payload with a quantized ACK / NAK feedback, as UEs need to wait until they have received at least a given number of PDSCH transmissions before they attempt to transmit quantized ACK / NAK feedback. An example of this is illustrated in FIG. 21.
[0225] In some implementations, the UE may set its PDSCH reception occasions counter to “0” after the UE transmits a PUCCH transmission carrying a UCI payload that includes quantized ACK / NAK feedback bits.
[0226] In some implementations, the UE may increment its PDSCH reception occasions counter by “1” after the UE receives a PDSCH transmission scheduled by a DCI format received in a corresponding PDCCH transmission.
[0227] In some implementations, the UE may not increment its PDSCH reception occasions counter by “1” if the UE didn’t receive a DCI format in a corresponding PDCCH transmission.
[0228] In some implementations, the UE may not increment its PDSCH reception occasions counter by “1” if the UE received a physical layer indication indicating the muting of the DL companion beam serving the UE.
[0229] One or more to the above implementations may be used in e.g. terrestrial networks, where terrestrial TRP may dynamically activate / mute their UL listening beams.
[0230] In some implementations, the UE may be provided higher-layer parameter ul-listening-beam-polarization which may be indicative of the polarization used by the NT-TRP for receiving UL transmissions from UEs on the ground.
[0231] In some implementations, if the UE is provided with higher-layer parameter ul-listening-beam-polarization set to the value ‘rhcp’ , then the UE may transmit physical layer signals and / or channels in UL such as e.g. PUCCH transmissions using Right-Hand Circular Polarization.
[0232] In some implementations, if the UE is provided with higher-layer parameter ul-listening-beam-polarization set to the value ‘lhcp’ , then the UE may transmit physical layer signals and / or channels in UL such as e.g. PUCCH transmissions using Left-Hand Circular Polarization.
[0233] In some implementations, the UE may generate a UCI payload carrying quantized ACK / NAK feedback bits and multiplex the UCI payload in a PUSCH transmission.
[0234] In some implementations, the UE may generate one or more UCI payloads, wherein each UCI payload may carry quantized ACK / NAK feedback bits, and transmit a PUCCH transmission carrying the one or more UCI payloads.
[0235] In some implementations, the UE may generate a UCI payload which may include any one or more of: quantized ACK / NAK feedback bits, CSI feedback bits, Scheduling Request (SR) bits.
[0236] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with a higher-layer parameter which indicates to the UE a time interval during which the UE may receive PDSCH transmissions in corresponding PDSCH reception occasions and generate a quantized ACK / NAK feedback.
[0237] In some implementations, the quantized ACK / NAK codebook may be stored in the UE memory in a pre-defined manner.
[0238] In the above implementations, for example, the NT-TRP transmits second information to the UE. The second information is used for configuring a feedback mode of the response information as a quantized feedback mode. Thus, the UE transmits, to the NT-TRP, the response information based on the second information.
[0239] In some implementations, the second information and the first information may be transmitted using the same signaling.
[0240] In this implementation, the UE and the NT-TRP may adopt a variety of different feedback modes, which include a quantized feedback mode and a non-quantized feedback mode. Therefore, the NT-TRP may configure feedback mode (s) of the plurality of current TBs for the UE. In the case where the feedback mode (s) include the quantized feedback mode, the UE performs the method in the implementations of the present disclosure to reduce the signaling overhead. In the case where the feedback mode (s) include the non-quantized feedback mode, the UE may generate the ACK or NACK feedback for each TB, which is more accurate. This implementation may improve the flexibility of the ACK or NACK feedback of the UE, so as to satisfy different scenarios or business needs.
[0241] The communication method provided in the implementations of the present disclosure is described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 10 to 21. Next, a communication apparatus provided in the implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 5.
[0242] The apparatus shown in FIG. 5 may also be referred to as a communication apparatus, which can be used to realize the functions of the terminal device or the network device in the method implementations, so that the beneficial effects of the method implementations can also be realized. In the implementations of the present disclosure, the communication apparatus may be an ED as shown in FIG. 1 or a BS as shown in FIG. 1.
[0243] As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus 510 includes a communication unit 513. The communication unit 513 may include a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The apparatus 510 is used to realize the functions of the terminal device or network device in the above method implementations as shown in FIG. 10.
[0244] In the case where the apparatus 510 is used to implement the functions of the terminal device in the method implementations as shown in FIG. 10, the receiving unit is configured to receive a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) ; the transmitting unit is configured to transmit response information associated with the plurality of TBs; and the response information is indicative of likelihood of acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.
[0245] For example, the likelihood is indicated by a first quantized value corresponding to the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.
[0246] For example, the response information includes a first quantized feedback bit, the first quantized feedback bit corresponds to the first quantized value, and the first quantized value is associated with an actual quantized value that is determined based on the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.
[0247] For example, the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit the response information based on a quantized feedback codebook; the quantized feedback codebook includes a plurality of quantized feedback bits and a plurality of quantized values corresponding to the plurality of quantized feedback bits; the plurality of quantized feedback bits include the first quantized feedback bit; and the plurality of quantized values include the first quantized value.
[0248] For example, the receiving unit is further configured to receive first information for configuring the quantized feedback codebook.
[0249] For example, the first information includes the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values.
[0250] For example, the first information includes: the plurality of quantized feedback bits, and information for determining the plurality of quantized values.
[0251] For example, the actual quantized value is determined based on a plurality of response values associated with the plurality of TBs and a quantity of the plurality of TBs; and the plurality of response values include at least one of: one or more ACK values, or one or more NACK values.
[0252] For example, the actual quantized value is a ratio of a sum of the plurality of response values to the quantity of the plurality of TBs.
[0253] For example, the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit the response information in a case where the quantity of the plurality of TBs is greater than or equal to M, where M is a quantity of TBs corresponding to quantization operation and M is an integer greater than 1.
[0254] For example, the processing unit is configured to set a value of a counter to zero after a previous response; and increase the value of the counter by 1 for each TB received after the previous response; the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit the response information in a case where the value of the counter is greater than or equal to M; and the processing unit is configured to set the value of the counter to zero.
[0255] For example, the receiving unit is further configured to receive second information for configuring a feedback mode of the response information as a quantized feedback mode; and the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit the response information based on the second information.
[0256] In the case where the apparatus 510 is used to implement the functions of the network device in the method implementations as shown in FIG. 10, the transmitting unit is configured to transmit a plurality of TBs; the receiving unit is configured to receive response information associated with the plurality of TBs, where the response information is indicative of likelihood of ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.
[0257] For example, the likelihood is indicated by a first quantized value corresponding to the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.
[0258] For example, the response information includes a first quantized feedback bit, the first quantized feedback bit corresponds to the first quantized value, and the first quantized value is associated with an actual quantized value that is determined based on the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.
[0259] For example, the processing unit is configured to determine the first quantized value based on the response information and a quantized feedback codebook, the quantized feedback codebook includes a plurality of quantized feedback bits and a plurality of quantized values corresponding to the plurality of quantized feedback bits, the plurality of quantized feedback bits include the first quantized feedback bit, and the plurality of quantized values include the first quantized value.
[0260] For example, the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit first information for configuring the quantized feedback codebook.
[0261] For example, the first information includes the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values.
[0262] For example, the first information includes: the plurality of quantized feedback bits, and information for determining the plurality of quantized values.
[0263] For example, the actual quantized value is determined based on a plurality of response values associated with the plurality of TBs and a quantity of the plurality of TBs; and the plurality of response values include at least one of: one or more ACK values, or one or more NACK values.
[0264] For example, the actual quantized value is a ratio of a sum of the plurality of response values to the quantity of the plurality of TBs.
[0265] For example, the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit second information for configuring a feedback mode of the response information as a quantized feedback mode.
[0266] The implementations of the present disclosure further provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program. The computer program is used for implementing the method corresponding to the terminal device or the network device as described in any of the above implementations.
[0267] The implementations of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program (which may also be referred to as a code, or instruction) . When the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer performs the method corresponding to the terminal device or the network device as described in any of the above implementations.
[0268] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0269] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example implementation, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example implementation for its intended application.
[0270] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0271] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0272] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0273] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in implementations of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0274] A person skilled in the art should understand that implementations of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only implementation, a software-only implementation, or an implementation with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0275] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0276] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0277] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
A communication method, comprising:receiving a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) ; andtransmitting response information associated with the plurality of TBs, wherein the response information is indicative of likelihood of acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.The method of claim 1, wherein the likelihood is indicated by a first quantized value corresponding to the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.The method of claim 2, wherein the response information comprises a first quantized feedback bit, the first quantized feedback bit corresponds to the first quantized value, and the first quantized value is associated with an actual quantized value that is determined based on the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.The method of claim 3, wherein transmitting the response information comprises:transmitting the response information based on a quantized feedback codebook, whereinthe quantized feedback codebook comprises a plurality of quantized feedback bits and a plurality of quantized values corresponding to the plurality of quantized feedback bits, wherein the plurality of quantized feedback bits comprise the first quantized feedback bit, and the plurality of quantized values comprise the first quantized value.The method of claim 4, further comprising:receiving first information for configuring the quantized feedback codebook.The method of claim 5, wherein the first information comprises the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values.The method of claim 5, wherein the first information comprises: the plurality of quantized feedback bits, and information for determining the plurality of quantized values.The method of any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the actual quantized value is determined based on a plurality of response values associated with the plurality of TBs and a quantity of the plurality of TBs; andthe plurality of response values comprise at least one of:one or more ACK values, orone or more NACK values.The method of claim 8, wherein the actual quantized value is a ratio of a sum of the plurality of response values to the quantity of the plurality of TBs.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein transmitting the response information comprises:transmitting the response information in a case where the quantity of the plurality of TBs is greater than or equal to M, wherein M is a quantity of TBs corresponding to quantization operation and M is an integer greater than 1.The method of claim 10, further comprising:setting a value of a counter to zero after a previous response; andincreasing the value of the counter by 1 for each TB received after the previous response; whereintransmitting the response information comprises:transmitting the response information in a case where the value of the counter is greater than or equal to M;wherein after transmitting the response information, the method further comprises:setting the value of the counter to zero.The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein before receiving the plurality of TBs, the method further comprises:receiving second information for configuring a feedback mode of the response information as a quantized feedback mode; whereintransmitting the response information comprises:transmitting the response information based on the second information.A communication method, comprising:transmitting a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) ; andreceiving response information associated with the plurality of TBs, wherein the response information is indicative of likelihood of acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.The method of claim 13, wherein the likelihood is indicated by a first quantized value corresponding to the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.The method of claim 14, wherein the response information comprises a first quantized feedback bit, the first quantized feedback bit corresponds to the first quantized value, and the first quantized value is associated with an actual quantized value that is determined based on the ACK or NACK associated with each of the plurality of TBs.The method of claim 15, further comprising:determining the first quantized value based on the response information and a quantized feedback codebook, whereinthe quantized feedback codebook comprises a plurality of quantized feedback bits and a plurality of quantized values corresponding to the plurality of quantized feedback bits, wherein the plurality of quantized feedback bits comprise the first quantized feedback bit, and the plurality of quantized values comprise the first quantized value.The method of claim 15 or 16, further comprising:transmitting first information for configuring the quantized feedback codebook.The method of claim 17, wherein the first information comprises the plurality of quantized feedback bits and the plurality of quantized values.The method of claim 17, wherein the first information comprises: the plurality of quantized feedback bits, and information for determining the plurality of quantized values.The method of any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the actual quantized value is determined based on a plurality of response values associated with the plurality of TBs and a quantity of the plurality of TBs; andthe plurality of response values comprise at least one of:one or more ACK values, orone or more NACK values.The method of claim 20, wherein the actual quantized value is a ratio of a sum of the plurality of response values to the quantity of the plurality of TBs.The method of any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein before transmitting the plurality of TBs, the method further comprises:transmitting second information for configuring a feedback mode of the response information as a quantized feedback mode.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or any one of claims 13 to 22.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the apparatus comprises:a receiving unit configured to receive a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) ;a transmitting unit configured to transmit response information associated with the plurality of TBs, wherein the response information is indicative of likelihood of acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the apparatus comprises:a transmitting unit configured to transmit a plurality of TBs;a receiving unit configured to receive response information associated with the plurality of TBs, wherein the response information is indicative of likelihood of ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the apparatus comprises:one or more processors; andan interface circuit connected to the one or more processors and configured to: receive a plurality of TBs, and transmit response information associated with the plurality of TBs, wherein the response information is indicative of likelihood of ACK or NACK associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 or any one of claims 13 to 22.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:receive a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) ; andtransmit response information associated with the plurality of TBs, wherein the response information is indicative of likelihood of acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:transmit a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) ; andreceive response information associated with the plurality of TBs, wherein the response information is indicative of likelihood of acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with each TB of the plurality of TBs.A communication system, comprising:a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13; anda second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 13 to 22.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 or any one of claims 13 to 22.A computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 or any one of claims 13 to 22.