Cold chain sensor network system with data buffering capability

Abstract

A cold chain sensor network and monitoring method for remote environmental condition monitoring. The system includes wireless sensor units equipped with environmental condition sensors, memory buffers and wireless interfaces. The sensors capture and temporarily store environmental data, ensuring uninterrupted data collection during network unavailability. A remote server aggregates data, identifies deviations from preset ranges, and notifies users of breaches. Configurable features allow for dynamic adjustment of temperature capture frequencies and scanning schedules based on operational needs. Notifications are customizable based on threshold deviations, trends, or aggregated data. The invention ensures robust monitoring and enhanced data reliability for cold chain logistics and other remote environmental applications.

Description

[0001] COLD CHAIN SENSOR NETWORK SYSTEM WITH DATA BUFFERING CAPABILITY

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION :

[0003] The field of the invention is environmental monitoring systems , speci fically for cold chain logistics , using wireless sensor networks to capture , store , and transmit environmental condition data with robust handling of network latency and customi zable monitoring features .

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION :

[0005] The present invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring systems , speci fically those deployed in cold chain logistics to ensure the proper handling and storage of temperature-sensitive goods .

[0006] Cold chain refers to a temperature-controlled supply chain that ensures the safe storage , handling, and transportation of temperature-sensitive products . It involves maintaining speci fic environmental conditions , such as temperature and humidity, throughout the entire logistics process to preserve the quality,

[0007] 2 safety, and ef ficacy of goods . Commonly associated with pharmaceuticals , vaccines , perishable foods , and biologies , the cold chain is critical for preventing spoilage , degradation, and contamination of products that are sensitive to temperature fluctuations . This supply chain typically employs speciali zed equipment , such as refrigerated vehicles , storage facilities , and monitoring systems , to achieve consistent and reliable temperature control across multiple stages of transit .

[0008] A robust cold chain relies on precise monitoring and data management to detect and respond to potential breaches in environmental conditions . This includes tracking temperature , humidity, and other critical factors in real time using wireless sensors and automated systems . The cold chain is not limited to a speci fic industry; it applies across sectors like healthcare , agriculture , and food distribution, where maintaining strict environmental controls is essential . The growing global demand for safe and ef ficient transportation of temperature-sensitive products has driven innovation in cold chain technologies , including advanced sensors , data analytics , and ToT integration, to enhance visibility and reliability throughout the supply chain .

[0009] 3 The cold chain involves a series of storage and transportation steps , each presenting unique challenges for maintaining optimal environmental conditions . The ef fective monitoring of these conditions has historically relied on sensor systems that record and transmit data to centrali zed servers . However, network reliability issues , data latency, and a lack of robust handling for unexpected failures continue to hinder cold chain operations . These limitations can lead to unrecorded breaches , inaccurate data logs , or delayed noti fications , resulting in costly product losses and safety concerns . While real-time monitoring systems have been introduced, they often rely heavily on uninterrupted connectivity to a central server, which is not always feasible in remote locations or during international transit . The intermittent nature of connectivity can compromise data integrity and delay the identi fication of breaches in required environmental conditions .

[0010] Technological advances have introduced wireless sensors , Internet of Things ( ToT ) platforms , and advanced networking protocols to the cold chain . However, signi ficant gaps remain in ef fectively handling network latency and ensuring robust temperature capture and reporting . Many existing solutions depend on a continuous network connection for transmitting realtime data . When connectivity is interrupted, data gaps can

[0011] 4 occur, leaving critical information unrecorded or delayed . Addressing this challenge requires systems that can temporarily store data locally and synchroni ze it when connectivity is restored . Current systems often lack configurability in their monitoring and reporting frequencies , which limits their adaptability to diverse operational needs . A solution that enables dynamic adj ustments to monitoring and scanning schedules based on user-defined or environmental parameters would of fer signi ficant operational advantages . Errors in transmitted data, such as incomplete or corrupted records , can severely impact decision-making . Mechanisms for veri fying data integrity and ensuring reliable transmission are critical for maintaining trust in automated cold chain systems . The potential for seamless integration with loT platforms and third-party analytics systems remains underexplored . By enabling compatibility with loT frameworks , cold chain systems can leverage advanced analytics and predictive maintenance strategies .

[0012] A review of existing patents underscores the state of the art and areas where further innovation is needed . Several patents have contributed foundational advancements in cold chain monitoring systems but leave room for development in areas such as network latency handling and dynamic data management . US

[0013] 5 Patent No. 8,746,295 (assigned to Sensitech) describes a cold chain monitoring system that utilizes wireless sensors to track environmental conditions in real time. While the system captures data effectively under optimal conditions, it fails to address critical scenarios where network connectivity is disrupted. The reliance on continuous network access means that data can be lost during outages, leaving gaps in the monitoring record and creating risks for undetected temperature breaches. This approach does not incorporate mechanisms for buffering data locally or ensuring deferred transmission upon reconnection. As a result, the opportunity exists to enhance such systems by integrating robust local storage solutions and ensuring seamless synchronization with central servers when connectivity is restored. US Patent No. 10,128,746 (assigned to TempSensor Inc.) introduces a network of temperature sensors with built-in alarms for threshold breaches. However, the invention assumes consistent connectivity and does not prioritize the buffering or deferred transmission of data when communication with the central server is interrupted. US Patent No. 9,873,411 (assigned to loT Logistics) proposes an loT-enabled cold chain system that integrates with cloud platforms. While it emphasizes scalability and integration with analytics tools, it does not address localized data storage or the verification of data integrity during transmission interruptions. US Patent No. 7,892,223

[0014] 6 ( assigned to FleetMonitor ) describes a vehicle-mounted environmental monitoring system for cold chain logistics . Although it provides for real-time monitoring and in-vehicle alerts , it lacks the flexibility for dynamic configuration of monitoring intervals or thresholds based on speci fic shipment requirements .

[0015] Building on these advancements , there remains a pressing need for a system that ef fectively handles intermittent network connectivity while maintaining data integrity and delivering timely noti fications of environmental breaches . Developing robust memory buf fers within sensor units to temporarily store captured environmental data during network outages ensures no loss of critical information . Allowing users to adj ust monitoring and reporting schedules based on speci fic shipment profiles or anticipated environmental conditions introduces signi ficant flexibility . Mechanisms to veri fy the integrity of data during transmission and enable automated retransmission of corrupted records enhance reliability . Supporting a range of communication protocols , such as LoRa, Wi-Fi , Bluetooth, and cellular networks , improves system versatility and adaptability . Facilitating seamless integration with third-party loT platforms for advanced analytics and predictive maintenance enhances operational ef ficiency .

[0016] 7 Presenting an easily installed and maintained wireless sensor unit capable of capturing temperature or other parameters for cold chain monitoring, which sensor unit can communicate with the central server for reporting and monitoring purposes , would it is believed to be widely and positively accepted in the marketplace .

[0017] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION :

[0018] The present invention addresses these unmet needs through a novel cold chain sensor network and monitoring method . By incorporating buf fering-enabled sensors the invention provides a resilient and adaptable solution for remote environmental monitoring . The system also integrates advanced communication protocols and supports ToT compatibility, positioning it as a trans formative tool in the field of cold chain logistics . By overcoming the limitations of existing solutions , the invention ensures reliable environmental monitoring, robust data management , and enhanced operational flexibility, thereby safeguarding the quality and integrity of temperature-sensitive goods across the supply chain . The invention provides a cold chain sensor network and monitoring method for remote environmental condition monitoring, with a primary focus on the use of memory buf fers within wireless sensor units to address network latency challenges and ensure reliable data integrity . This key aspect of the invention— the local storage of timestamped temperature readings in capture records , followed by periodic uploads to a server when network connectivity is available— enables uninterrupted monitoring of environmental conditions in cold chain logistics .

[0019] Each wireless sensor unit is designed to function autonomously and comprises a power supply, an environmental condition sensor, a memory buf fer, and a wireless network interface . The environmental condition sensor measures temperature , and in certain embodiments , can also capture other parameters such as humidity, pressure , or light intensity . The memory buf fer plays a central role by storing temperature readings as timestamped capture records locally on the sensor unit , ensuring that data is not lost during periods of network unavailability . When the network becomes available , the memory buf fer facilitates the synchroni zation of stored data with the remote server . This functionality allows the system to maintain a complete and accurate record of environmental conditions , irrespective of connectivity disruptions . The wireless network interface

[0020] 9 supports multiple communication protocols , including LoRa, WiFi , Bluetooth, and cellular networks , enabling flexible deployment across diverse operational environments .

[0021] Each wireless sensor unit is optionally associated with a unique identi fier, such as a serial number, to assist in data management and identi fication . This identi fier may be stored in the server' s location database to map each sensor unit to a speci fic deployment location . Alternatively, in embodiments without unique identi fiers , the system may rely on contextual or location-based information to manage data records . The invention provides flexibility for these configurations to accommodate di f ferent user requirements and operational scenarios .

[0022] The remote server aggregates data transmitted from the wireless sensor units , organi zing it into two primary databases : a location database and a temperature database . The location database comprises location records , each containing details of the operating location, permissible temperature ranges , and associated wireless sensor units . The temperature database stores timestamped temperature records received from the sensor units , including environmental readings and any applicable identi fying information . The server' s software includes mechanisms to veri fy the integrity of transmitted data by

[0023] 10 comparing timestamps and retransmitting corrupted or incomplete records as needed . This ensures that all captured data is accurate , complete , and reliably stored . In some embodiments , the server software periodically scans temperature records in the database to identi fy deviations from predefined thresholds , generating breach records for noti fication purposes .

[0024] The method of operation centers around the periodic capture of temperature readings by the wireless sensor units , configured according to user-defined frequencies . Each wireless sensor unit stores these readings as capture records in its memory buf fer . During sensor transmission steps , the sensor units upload their locally stored capture records to the remote server . The server compares the timestamps of the transmitted records with existing database entries to identi fy and store previously unrecorded data . Once the data is confirmed to be success fully transmitted and stored, it is deleted from the sensor' s memory buf fer, optimi zing local storage and minimi zing power consumption . These configurable capture frequencies and transmission schedules allow the system to adapt to the unique requirements of di f ferent deployments , such as high-sensitivity applications in pharmaceutical storage or less stringent needs in other perishable goods supply chains .

[0025] 11 The breach detection functionality is implemented through periodic or event-driven scanning of the temperature database by the server software . When the server identi fies a captured temperature reading that falls outside the permissible range associated with a particular location, it generates a breach record . This record is used to trigger user noti fications , which are sent to client devices to alert users of the breach . These noti fications are customi zable and may include details of threshold deviations , trends observed across multiple sensors , or aggregated data . The system prioriti zes the transmission of breach noti fications over routine data updates , ensuring timely responses to critical events .

[0026] The modular design of the wireless sensor units provides signi ficant advantages . Components such as the environmental condition sensor and memory buf fer can be replaced or upgraded without replacing the entire sensor unit . This modularity extends to communication protocols , enabling the system to incorporate emerging technologies like satellite communication for remote or extreme environments . The wireless sensor units are also designed for energy ef ficiency, incorporating features such as dynamic transmission power adj ustments based on receiver proximity and low-power modes during periods of inactivity .

[0027] 12 These features make the system particularly suitable for deployments in remote or resource-constrained locations .

[0028] In addition to its primary applications in cold chain logistics , the invention is adaptable to other fields requiring precise environmental monitoring . Controlled agricultural environments , such as greenhouses or vertical farms , can benefit from the system' s ability to maintain optimal temperature and humidity conditions . Similarly, industrial applications include monitoring conditions in sensitive manufacturing processes or ensuring the safe storage of hazardous materials . The invention' s compatibility with Internet of Things ( loT ) platforms enables integration with warehouse management systems , transportation systems , and advanced analytics tools , enhancing predictive maintenance and operational insights .

[0029] Further embodiments of the invention provide for additional functionality . For example , the memory buf fer' s capacity can be increased to accommodate longer periods of data storage in remote deployments . Alternative power sources , such as solar panels , may be incorporated to enhance energy ef ficiency in speci fic scenarios . Additional sensors capable of capturing parameters such as carbon dioxide levels or particulate matter concentrations can also be integrated to expand the system' s

[0030] 13 utility . These and other variations align with the invention' s emphasis on flexibility and scalability, ensuring its relevance in a rapidly evolving technological landscape .

[0031] The invention' s methodical approach to local data storage , synchroni zation, and breach detection addresses key challenges in environmental monitoring, particularly in network-constrained environments . By enabling robust , adaptable , and energyef ficient monitoring systems , the invention ensures reliable data collection and management for cold chain logistics and a wide range of other applications . The described embodiments , combined with support for customi zable configurations and future technological advancements , highlight the invention' s capacity to meet both current and emerging needs .

[0032] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS :

[0033] To easily identi fy the discussion of any particular element or act , the most signi ficant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced . The drawings enclosed are :

[0034] 14 Figure 1 is a system architecture diagram showing the overall structure of an embodiment of the system of the invention;

[0035] Figure 2 is a block schematic showing the components of a server in accordance with the invention;

[0036] Figure 3 is a block schematic showing the components of a wireless sensor unit in accordance with the invention;

[0037] Figure 4 is a database structure diagram showing the components of the location and temperature databases ;

[0038] Figure 5 is a flowchart showing the steps of one embodiment of the temperature capture method of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 is a flowchart showing the steps of one embodiment of the temperature transmission elements of the method of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 is a flowchart showing the steps of one embodiment of the breach detection method of the present invention;

[0041] DETAILED DESCRIPTION :

[0042] 15 The detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the figures to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the invention' s scope and functionality . Each embodiment is detailed with speci fic reference to the components , features , and possible extensions that fall within the scope of the invention, including temperature monitoring and the optional tracking of additional environmental parameters such as humidity .

[0043] Referring to Figure 1 , the overall system architecture of the invention is depicted . The cold chain sensor network comprises wireless sensor units 1 that communicate with a remote server 3 via a network 2 . The network 2 can be a local area network, a wide area network, or a combination thereof , supporting multiple communication protocols , including LoRa, Wi-Fi , Bluetooth, or cellular networks . The wireless sensor units 1 capture environmental data, including temperature , and optionally other parameters such as humidity, storing these readings as timestamped capture records in a memory buf fer . The key aspect of the invention is that the memory buf fer 33 provides local storage for the captured readings , ensuring that no data is lost during network outages . When the network becomes available , the memory buf fer facilitates the periodic upload of the stored

[0044] 16 capture records to the remote server 3 for further processing and storage . The server 3 includes a software component 4 responsible for administering the method of the invention, along with a location database 5 and a temperature database 6 for organi zing and storing data . A client device 10 , which could be any user interface such as a smartphone , tablet , or computer, receives noti fications and reports generated by the server based on the captured and analyzed data .

[0045] Figure 2 illustrates the internal components of the server 3 . The server comprises a processor 20 , memory 21 , and a network interface 7 . The memory 21 hosts the method software 41 , which governs the operation of the server, including data reception, synchroni zation, integrity checks , and optionally, breach detection . The location database 5 and the temperature database 6 are also stored in the memory 21 . The network interface 7 enables bidirectional communication between the server 3 and the wireless sensor units 1 , as well as between the server and client devices 10 . The modular design of the server allows for scalability, enabling the addition of processing power or memory as needed to support large deployments . To support configuration, the server further includes a user interface module that allows users to assign wireless sensor units to speci fic locations , define permissible temperature ranges , and

[0046] 17 configure noti fication settings . This interface can be accessible via a web portal , mobile application, or other devices , simpli fying the setup and ongoing management of the system .

[0047] Referring to Figure 3 , the wireless sensor unit 1 is shown in greater detail . Each unit includes a power supply 30 , hardware components 31 , and memory / sof tware 32 for operation . A memory buf fer 33 stores capture records locally, ensuring that data is not lost during periods of network unavailability . The network interface 34 enables communication with the remote server 3 and supports multiple protocols , providing deployment flexibility in diverse environments . A temperature sensor 35 captures environmental temperature data, while modular configurations allow for the integration of additional sensors to measure parameters such as humidity, pressure , or light intensity . The wireless sensor unit 1 is designed to be mobile and robust , with a durable housing suitable for use in various cold chain scenarios , including pharmaceutical storage and agricultural applications . Additionally, the sensor unit ' s modularity allows for ef ficient maintenance and adaptability, ensuring extended usability and reduced costs . The local storage capability of the memory buf fer 33 is a pivotal element of the sensor unit ,

[0048] 18 providing reliable data management and ensuring seamless synchroni zation with the server during network availability .

[0049] Importantly, the invention contemplates a wide variety of hardware configurations for the wireless sensor units 1 . The si ze , shape , and speci fic components of the sensor units can vary to accommodate di f ferent deployment scenarios . For example , sensor units designed for use in pharmaceutical storage environments might include higher-precision temperature sensors and enhanced humidity monitoring capabilities , while sensor units for agricultural applications may focus on additional metrics such as soil moisture or ambient light . Housing materials for the units can also vary, ranging from lightweight plastic casings for indoor use to reinforced, weather-resistant enclosures for outdoor deployments . Additionally, the power supply may be tailored to the use case , including replaceable or rechargeable batteries , solar panels , or hybrid configurations to extend operational li fe in resource-constrained environments . These variations ensure that the invention remains adaptable to a broad range of industries and applications .

[0050] In some embodiments , each wireless sensor unit 1 includes a unique serial identi fier that is stored in the location database

[0051] 5 on the server 3 . This identi fier facilitates the association

[0052] 19 of captured data with speci fic sensor units and their deployment locations . In alternative embodiments , the system operates without unique identi fiers , relying on contextual or locationbased information to manage data records . The memory buf fer 33 ensures uninterrupted data capture by temporarily storing readings during network outages . Once connectivity is restored, the stored capture records are transmitted to the server 3 , where timestamps are compared against existing database records to identi fy and store any previously unrecorded data . This process ensures data integrity and completeness , particularly in scenarios with intermittent connectivity . The reliance on the memory buf fer as a central feature highlights the robustness and adaptability of the invention across diverse operational environments .

[0053] Figure 4 provides a detailed view of the data store on the server 3 , highlighting the location database 5 and the temperature database 6 . While these databases are shown separately for illustrative purposes , the invention contemplates that alternative data structures could be used without departing from the scope of the invention . For instance , the location and temperature databases could be combined into a uni fied structure that stores all relevant information in a single table or file .

[0054] In such embodiments , each record could include fields for

[0055] 20 location details , permissible temperature ranges , captured readings , and timestamps , streamlining data management . Alternatively, a completely di f ferent database schema, such as a non-relational (NoSQL ) structure , could be employed to accommodate large-scale deployments or unique data retrieval requirements . These alternative configurations illustrate the flexibility of the invention' s architecture , ensuring that the claimed methods can be practiced with a wide variety of backend implementations .

[0056] Such alternative data structures do not alter the fundamental functionality of the invention . Regardless of the speci fic implementation, the server continues to provide core features such as data synchroni zation, breach detection ( i f enabled) , and user noti fications . The ability to practice the client / server method between the wireless sensor units and the server remains consistent , enabling the desired outcomes of reliable environmental monitoring and robust data management . These variations allow the invention to adapt to evolving technological standards , ensuring its relevance in diverse operational contexts .

[0057] Figures 5 through 7 depict various steps of the method embodied in the invention . Referring to Figure 5 , the process begins with

[0058] 21 periodic temperature capture at the wireless sensor units 1 . At step 5- 1 , the periodic frequency is activated, followed by temperature capture at step 5-2 . The captured data, along with a timestamp, is stored as a capture record in the memory buf fer 33 at step 5-3 . The process loops continuously, as shown at step 5- 4 , ensuring that data is consistently captured at the defined frequency . The frequency setting is configurable , allowing users to adapt the capture intervals to speci fic requirements , such as more frequent readings for sensitive goods or less frequent intervals for non-critical items . Additionally, capture records can incorporate secondary parameters , such as humidity, to support advanced monitoring needs . The reliance on the memory buf fer 33 ensures that no readings are lost during the capture cycle , even i f network connectivity is temporarily unavailable .

[0059] Figure 6 illustrates the sensor transmission step, during which capture records stored in the memory buf fer 33 are uploaded to the server 3 . At step 6- 1 , the transmission is triggered, either periodically or by a server request . The capture records are transmitted at step 6-2 , and the server compares their timestamps with existing records in the temperature database 6 at step 6-3 . Any previously unrecorded data is stored as a new temperature record at step 6-4 , and success fully transmitted capture records are deleted from the memory buf fer 33 to

[0060] 22 optimize storage and energy use. This deletion mechanism ensures efficient use of resources while maintaining data accuracy and availability for analysis. The synchronization process highlights the invention' s ability to manage data in dynamic network conditions, ensuring continuity and reliability of records .

[0061] Figure 7 demonstrates the breach detection process, which begins with a sensor scanning step at step 7-1. The server scans temperature records in the database 6 to identify any breaches, as shown at step 7-2. If no breaches are detected, the process concludes at step 7-3. However, if a breach is identified, a user notification is generated and dispatched to the associated client device 10, providing details of the breach and the affected location. Notifications are customizable, allowing users to prioritize alerts based on criticality or to aggregate information across multiple locations. This flexibility ensures that notifications are meaningful and actionable, tailored to user needs. It is important to note that the breach detection and notification process, while valuable for certain deployments, is an optional feature that users can enable or disable based on their specific requirements.

[0062] 23 In addition to temperature , the system can capture and monitor other environmental parameters , such as humidity . Humidity readings can be tracked using the same method described for temperature , with capture records stored in the memory buf fer 33 and transmitted to the server 3 for processing and storage . This capability expands the utility of the invention, enabling its application in scenarios where multiple environmental conditions must be monitored simultaneously . For instance , maintaining both temperature and humidity within speci fic ranges is critical in pharmaceutical storage and agricultural operations , ensuring product quality and safety . The adaptability of the memory buf fer to handle multiple types of data highlights its central role in the invention' s architecture .

[0063] The modular and scalable nature of the invention allows for numerous extensions and modi fications . For instance , the memory buf fer 33 can be expanded to accommodate longer periods of data storage in remote deployments . The invention' s compatibility with emerging communication protocols , such as satellite communication, ensures its adaptability to evolving technological standards . Furthermore , the inclusion of advanced analytics tools and loT platform integrations enables predictive maintenance and long-term operational optimi zation . The central

[0064] 24 role of the memory buf fer in these configurations ensures that the system remains robust and future-proof .

[0065] The detailed embodiments described herein provide a robust framework for implementing the invention in a variety of settings . The combination of local data storage , modular design, advanced server functionality, and user-configurable interfaces addresses key challenges in environmental monitoring, ensuring reliable data capture , storage , and reporting in cold chain logistics and beyond . These features , combined with the flexibility to capture additional environmental parameters , make the invention a versatile and future-ready solution for monitoring critical conditions across diverse applications . By accommodating customi zable configurations and emerging technologies , the invention ensures its long-term utility and relevance in an evolving technological landscape .

Claims

CLAIMS :1 . A cold chain sensor network for remote location environmental monitoring, comprising : a . at least one wireless sensor unit configured to capture environmental condition data related to its operating location, each sensor unit comprising : i . a power supply and operating hardware and software to enable operation of the sensor unit ; ii . an environmental condition sensor to capture environmental conditions , including temperature , in proximity to the sensor unit ; iii . a memory buf fer configured for the temporary local storage of capture records comprising timestamps and environmental temperature readings at selected capture times , wherein the memory buf fer ensures uninterrupted temperature capture and deferred transmission during periods of network unavailability; and26iv . a wireless network interface to enable communication between the sensor unit and a remote temperature monitoring server ; and b . a remote temperature monitoring server for centrali zed storage of captured environmental condition data from associated wireless sensor units located at operating locations , said server comprising : i . a power supply and operating hardware and software to enable operation of the server ; ii . memory including :1 . a location database comprising at least one location record, each location record comprising details of an operating location, monitoring condition ranges for wireless sensor units in operation at said location, and a mechanism to identi fy each wireless sensor unit associated with the operating location; and2. a temperature database comprising a plurality of temperature records, each temperature record comprising: a. the timestamp of a condition capture operation; b. the captured environmental temperature readings for the associated environmental condition sensor at the time of the time st amp; and c. the identifier of the associated capturing wireless sensor unit, where applicable ; iii. at least one wireless network interface capable of two-way communication with the wireless sensor units and user devices; and iv. software configured to manage data transmission, database updates; wherein the method of operation of the network comprises:a . capturing environmental temperature readings at predetermined periodic frequencies for each wireless sensor unit and storing said captured readings in the memory buf fer thereof along with the timestamp of the capture in a capture record; b . during a sensor transmission step : a . transmitting capture records from the memory buf fer of the sensor unit to the server ; b . comparing the timestamps of transmitted capture records received at the server with the timestamps of temperature records in the temperature database to identi fy unstored records ; and c . creating a temperature record in the temperature database for each unstored record, including the temperature reading, the timestamp of the temperature capture , and the identi fier, where applicable .292 . The cold chain sensor network of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises a periodic sensor scanning step which comprises the server and its software : a . scanning all temperature records in the temperature database in respect of an operating location having timestamps to identi fy any records indicating a captured condition outside the desired monitoring range , being a breach record; and b . providing a user noti fication to a user device associated with the location record with details of identi fied breach records .3 . The cold chain sensor network of claim 2 wherein the temperature records that are scanned within the periodic sensor scanning step are limited to temperature records having timestamps since the last sensor scanning step execution .4 . The cold chain sensor network of claim 1 , wherein each wireless sensor unit is associated with a unique serial30identifier stored in the location database and used for identification in temperature records.

5. The cold chain sensor network of claim 2, wherein user notifications include customizable alerts based on threshold deviations, trends, or aggregated data across multiple sensors.

6. The cold chain sensor network of claim 1, wherein the remote temperature monitoring server includes an API to integrate with third-party Internet of Things (loT) platforms for extended data analysis and control.

7. The cold chain sensor network of claim 1, further comprising at an operating location a local data hub comprising a power supply and operating hardware, including at least one local network interface and at least one wide area network interface, configured to aggregate data from proximate wireless sensor units and synchronize transmission to the remote temperature monitoring server when network connectivity is restored.8 . The cold chain sensor network of claim 6 , wherein the local network interface of the local data hub is a LoRa network interface .9 . A cold chain sensor monitoring method for use in remote location environmental condition monitoring, accommodating periodic network connection di f ficulties , using a system comprising : a . at least one wireless sensor unit configured to capture environmental condition data related to its operating location, each sensor unit comprising : i . a power supply and operating hardware and software to enable operation of the sensor unit ; ii . an environmental condition sensor to capture environmental conditions , including temperature , in proximity to the sensor unit ; iii . a memory buf fer configured for the temporary local storage of capture records comprising32timestamps and environmental temperature readings at selected capture times , wherein the memory buf fer ensures uninterrupted temperature capture and deferred transmission during periods of network unavailability; and iv . a wireless network interface to enable communication between the sensor unit and a remote temperature monitoring server ; and b . a remote temperature monitoring server for centrali zed storage of captured environmental condition data from associated wireless sensor units located at operating locations , said server comprising : i . a power supply and operating hardware and software to enable operation of the server ; ii . memory including :1 . a location database comprising at least one location record, each location record comprising details of an operating location, monitoring condition ranges for wireless sensor units in operation at said location,33and a mechanism to identi fy each wireless sensor unit associated with the operating location; and2 . a temperature database comprising a plurality of temperature records , each temperature record comprising : a . the timestamp of a condition capture operation; b . the captured environmental temperature readings for the associated environmental condition sensor at the time of the time st amp ; and c . the identi fier of the associated capturing wireless sensor unit , where applicable ; iii . at least one wireless network interface capable of two-way communication with the wireless sensor units and user devices ; and iv . software configured to manage data transmission and database updates ;34said method comprising : a ) capturing environmental temperature readings at predetermined periodic frequencies and temporarily storing the captured data in a memory buf fer of the wireless sensor units , wherein the periodic frequency for capturing environmental temperature readings and the timing of sensor scanning events are configurable based on operating conditions or user-defined parameters ; c . during a sensor transmission step : a . transmitting capture records from the memory buf fer of the sensor unit to the server ; b . comparing the timestamps of transmitted capture records received at the server with the timestamps of temperature records in the temperature database to identi fy unstored records ; and35c . creating a temperature record in the temperature database for each determined unstored record, including the temperature reading, the timestamp of the temperature capture , and the identi fier, where applicable .10 . The cold chain sensor monitoring method ofClaim 8 wherein the method further comprises a periodic sensor scanning step which comprises the server and its software : a . scanning all temperature records in the temperature database in respect of an operating location to identi fy any records indicating a captured condition outside the desired monitoring range , being a breach record; and b . providing a user noti fication to a user device associated with the location record with details of identi fied breach records .3611 . The cold chain sensor monitoring method of claim 10 wherein the temperature records that are scanned within the periodic sensor scanning step are limited to temperature records having timestamps since the last sensor scanning step execution .12 . The cold chain sensor monitoring method of claim 10 , wherein the sensor scanning event is triggered by a user request from a user device associated with an operating location .13 . The cold chain sensor monitoring method of claim 10 , wherein the sensor scanning event is triggered by a periodic time schedule .14 . The cold chain sensor monitoring method of claim 9 , wherein the wireless sensor units are uniquely identi fied by serial identi fiers stored in the location database .3715 . A wireless sensor unit for use in a cold chain sensor network configured to periodically capture environmental condition data related to its operating location, the sensor unit comprising : a . power supply to enable independent operation of the sensor unit ; b . an environmental condition sensor configured to capture environmental conditions , including temperature , in proximity to the sensor unit ; c . a memory buf fer configured for temporary local storage of capture records comprising timestamps and environmental temperature readings at selected capture times , wherein the memory buf fer ensures uninterrupted temperature capture and deferred transmission during periods of network unavailability; and d . a wireless network interface configured to enable communication of the sensor unit with a remote server via a local network hub or directly .3816. The wireless sensor unit of claim 15, wherein the environmental condition sensor is further configured to detect one or more of humidity, pressure, or light intensity .

17. The wireless sensor unit of claim 15, wherein the memory buffer is configured to store environmental condition data for a predetermined maximum duration.

18. The wireless sensor unit of claim 15, wherein the sensor unit is pre-configured with an identifier to facilitate automatic registration in a network upon installation .

19. The wireless sensor unit of claim 15, wherein the memory buffer includes an error-checking mechanism to ensure the integrity of stored data.39

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