Pressure sensor and wearable device
By using an insulating layer in wearable devices to achieve electrical connection between the first and second resistive layers when touched by external force, the sensitivity and false touch problems of pressure sensors are solved, thus improving the user experience.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENZHEN SHOKZ CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-18
AI Technical Summary
In existing wearable devices, the sensitivity and accidental touch issues of pressure sensors have not been effectively resolved, affecting the user experience.
An insulating layer is used between a first resistive layer and a second resistive layer that are positioned opposite each other. Electrical connection is achieved by the deformation of the insulating layer when touched by external force. The processor reads the electrical signal to identify the touch position and intensity.
The sensitivity of the pressure sensor has been improved, accidental touches have been reduced, touch methods have been enriched, and the user experience has been enhanced.
Smart Images
Figure CN2024138543_18062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A pressure sensor and wearable device Technical Field
[0001] This specification relates to the field of sensing technology, and in particular to a pressure sensor and a wearable device. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing popularity of wearable devices, pressure sensors integrated into these devices (such as headphones and acoustic glasses) as touch panels are finding wider and wider application. In order to improve the user experience of both the pressure sensor and the wearable device, a high-performance pressure sensor and wearable device are needed. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This specification provides a pressure sensor, comprising: a first resistive layer and a second resistive layer disposed opposite to each other, wherein the first resistive layer has a touch-sensitive area on its side facing away from the second resistive layer; an insulating layer disposed between the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer, the insulating layer being configured to: electrically insulate the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer when there is no external force touching it; when touched by the external force, the touched area on the touch-sensitive area deforms toward the second resistive layer, and the insulating layer allows the deformed first resistive layer and the second resistive layer to form an electrical connection; and a processor configured to read the electrical signal generated after the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer are electrically connected.
[0004] This specification also provides a wearable device, including: a pressure sensor disposed on the side of the wearable device facing away from the user when worn; wherein, the pressure sensor includes: a first resistive layer and a second resistive layer disposed opposite to each other, the first resistive layer having a touch-sensing area on the side facing away from the second resistive layer; an insulating layer disposed between the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer, the insulating layer being configured such that: in the absence of external force touch, the insulating layer electrically insulates the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer; when touched by the external force, the touched area on the touch-sensing area deforms toward the second resistive layer, the insulating layer allowing the deformed first resistive layer and the second resistive layer to form an electrical connection; and a processor configured to read the electrical signal generated after the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer are electrically connected.
[0005] This specification also provides a wearable device, including: a pressure sensor disposed on the side of the wearable device away from the user when worn; wherein the pressure sensor is configured to generate different commands in response to different touch intensities when touched by external force.
[0006] This specification also provides a wearable device, including: a pressure sensor disposed on the side of the wearable device facing away from the user when worn; wherein the pressure sensor has varying touch responses at different positions along a first direction, and the pressure sensor is configured to generate different commands in response to different sliding directions when touched by external force. Attached Figure Description
[0007] This specification will be further described by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting; in these embodiments, the same reference numerals denote the same structures, wherein:
[0008] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a pressure sensor module according to some embodiments of this specification;
[0009] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pressure sensor according to some embodiments of this specification;
[0010] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating layer according to some embodiments of this specification;
[0011] Figure 4 is another structural schematic diagram of the insulating layer according to some embodiments of this specification;
[0012] Figure 5 is another structural schematic diagram of the insulating layer according to some embodiments of this specification;
[0013] Figure 6 is another structural schematic diagram of the insulating layer according to some embodiments of this specification;
[0014] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer according to some embodiments of this specification;
[0015] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the determination of the touch position according to some embodiments of this specification;
[0016] Figure 9 is a circuit diagram showing the electrical connection between the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer according to some embodiments of this specification;
[0017] Figure 10 is a structural schematic diagram of a wearable device according to some embodiments of this specification. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments in this specification, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this specification. For those skilled in the art, these drawings can be applied to other similar scenarios without creative effort. Unless obvious from the context or otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same structures or operations.
[0019] It should be understood that the terms “system,” “device,” “unit,” and / or “module” used herein are one way to distinguish different components, elements, parts, sections, or assemblies at different levels. However, if other terms can achieve the same purpose, they may be replaced by other expressions.
[0020] As indicated in this specification and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" do not specifically refer to the singular and may also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of expressly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.
[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a pressure sensor module according to some embodiments of this specification, and Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pressure sensor according to some embodiments of this specification.
[0022] Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. Some embodiments of this specification provide a pressure sensor 100, which mainly includes a first resistive layer 110 and a second resistive layer 120 disposed opposite to each other, with an insulating layer 130 provided between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120.
[0023] In some embodiments, the first resistive layer 110 can serve as a touch-sensitive resistive layer, with a touch-sensing area on the side of the first resistive layer 110 facing away from the second resistive layer 120 for user touch control. In some embodiments, the second resistive layer 120 can also serve as a touch-sensitive resistive layer, with a touch-sensing area on the side of the second resistive layer 120 facing away from the first resistive layer 110 for user touch control. It should be noted that in practical applications, the pressure sensor 100 can be part of a wearable device. The pressure sensor 100 can be disposed on the side of the wearable device that does not contact the user's body (e.g., the side facing away from the user's body, or the side facing the user's face, etc.). One of the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 facing the outer surface of the wearable device serves as a touch-sensitive resistive layer, with a touch-sensing area. It should be noted that the touch-sensing area does not need to directly contact the human body when the user touches it, and other structures (e.g., substrate 160, etc.) can be disposed outside the touch-sensing area. The touch-sensitive area indicates that the area is more sensitive to transmitted external forces and has a higher response sensitivity to external forces.
[0024] In some embodiments, the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 may be made of conductive materials capable of forming uniform resistance, such as carbon paste, silver paste, etc. In some embodiments, when the pressure sensor 100 is applied to a touch display screen, the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 may be made of materials capable of forming uniform resistance and having high visible light transmittance, such as indium tin oxide (ITO).
[0025] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 130 is configured such that, in the absence of external force touch, the insulating layer 130 electrically insulates the first resistive layer 110 from the second resistive layer 120, meaning there is no electrical signal transmission between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120; when touched by external force, the touched area of the touch-sensing region of the first resistive layer 110 deforms towards the second resistive layer 120, and the insulating layer 130 allows the deformed first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 to form an electrical connection, meaning there is electrical signal transmission between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120. The deformation of the touch-sensing region due to touch can be understood as the deformation of the touch-sensing region caused by the transmitted external force. The user can directly apply external force to the touch-sensing region, with the external force acting directly on the touch-sensing region; alternatively, the user can also avoid directly applying external force to the touch-sensing region, with the external force being transmitted to the touch-sensing region through other components. For example, a user can apply an external force to the substrate 160, and the external force is transmitted through the substrate 160 to the touch sensing area.
[0026] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 130 can be made of a material with insulating properties. For example, the insulating layer 130 can be an insulating film such as a PET film or a PI film. The function of the insulating layer 130 is achieved by forming a pore array on the insulating film, as detailed in Figures 3 and 4 and their related descriptions. Alternatively, the insulating layer 130 can be microbeads. The function of the insulating layer 130 is achieved by setting multiple microbeads, as detailed in Figure 5 and its related descriptions. In some embodiments, the insulating layer 130 can be an electronic coating. The function of the insulating layer 130 is achieved through the pressure-sensitive properties of the electronic coating, as detailed in Figure 6 and its related descriptions.
[0027] In some embodiments, the pressure sensor 100 further includes a circuit assembly 140, which is mainly used to provide input and output of electrical signals. In some embodiments, the circuit assembly 140 includes a first electrode 141, a second electrode 142, a conductive element 143, a conductive element 143', and a circuit board 144. The circuit board 144 is disposed in a position that does not affect the electrical insulation or electrical connection between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120. For example, in the direction from the first resistive layer 110 to the second resistive layer 120, the circuit board 144 can be disposed in a position within the insulating layer 130 that is not covered by the first resistive layer 110 or the second resistive layer 120. As another example, when the insulating layer 130 is an insulating film with a perforation array, the circuit board 144 can be disposed in an area of the insulating film where the perforation array is not provided. As yet another example, the circuit board 144 can be disposed outside the pressure sensor 100, serving as an external component electrically connected to the pressure sensor 100 via a wire. The circuit board 144 is used to connect to external circuits for input or output of electrical signals. The first electrode 141 is electrically connected to one side of the circuit board 144 via a conductive element 143, and is also electrically connected to one side of the first resistive layer 110, thereby enabling the circuit on one side of the circuit board 144 to conduct electricity with the first resistive layer 110. The second electrode 142 is electrically connected to the other side of the circuit board 144 via a conductive element 143', and is also electrically connected to one side of the second resistive layer 120, thereby enabling the circuit on the other side of the circuit board 144 to conduct electricity with the second resistive layer 120. In some embodiments, the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 142 may be disposed on two opposing inner surfaces of the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 to simplify the circuit structure. In some embodiments, the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 142 may also be disposed on two opposing outer surfaces of the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120. In some embodiments, one of the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 142 may be disposed on the inner surface of a corresponding resistive layer, and the other may be disposed on the outer surface of a corresponding other resistive layer.
[0028] In some embodiments, the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 142 can be made of materials with good electrical conductivity, such as metals. In some embodiments, for ease of fabrication, the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 142 can be silver paste leads, metal plating, etc., and the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 142 can be directly fabricated on the corresponding resistive layer.
[0029] In some embodiments, the circuit board 144 can be a flexible circuit board to reduce the damage and interference to the circuit board 144 caused by the deformation of the first resistive layer 110 by external force.
[0030] In some embodiments, conductive elements 143 and 143' can be conductive adhesive films (e.g., ACF films) to bond and fix the circuit board 144 to the corresponding electrodes while simultaneously achieving electrical connection between the circuit board 144 and the corresponding electrodes. In some embodiments, conductive elements 143 and 143' can also be wires to reduce wiring difficulty and make the placement of the first electrode 141, the second electrode 142, and the circuit board 144 more flexible.
[0031] In some embodiments, the pressure sensor 100 may further include a substrate 160. The substrate 160 is disposed on the outermost side of the pressure sensor 100 to provide buffer protection for the pressure sensor 100. In some embodiments, the substrate 160 may be made of a polymer film, such as a PI polymer film, a PET polymer film, etc.
[0032] In some embodiments, a substrate 160 may be provided on both the side of the first resistive layer 110 facing away from the second resistive layer 120 and the side of the second resistive layer 120 facing away from the first resistive layer 110 to protect the pressure sensor 100. In this case, when the pressure sensor 100 is disposed on the display screen of a wearable device to form a touch display screen, an insulating and light-transmitting separator layer may be provided between the pressure sensor 100 and the display screen. For example, the separator layer may include a polycarbonate layer, which can separate and insulate the display screen (e.g., an LCD screen) from the pressure sensor 100 while also having good light transmittance, facilitating the display on the screen.
[0033] In some embodiments, a substrate 160 may be provided on one of the sides of the first resistive layer 110 facing away from the second resistive layer 120 and the side of the second resistive layer 120 facing away from the first resistive layer 110, and a touch sensing area is provided on the side of the resistive layer with the substrate. In this case, when the pressure sensor 100 is disposed on the display screen of a wearable device to form a touch display screen, an insulating, light-transmitting, and supportive partition layer may be provided between the pressure sensor 100 and the display screen. For example, the partition layer may include a glass layer, which, while providing support and insulation, also has good light transmittance, facilitating the display on the screen.
[0034] In some embodiments, the pressure sensor 100 may further include a processor 150, which is configured to read the electrical signal generated after the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 are electrically connected. In some embodiments, the processor 150 may determine the next operation based on the read electrical signal, such as determining the touch position, determining the touch intensity, generating a corresponding instruction, etc.
[0035] When no external force is applied to the touch-sensing area, the first resistive layer 110 remains in its initial state, and the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 are electrically insulated from each other by the insulating layer 130. When an external force is applied to the touch-sensing area, the first resistive layer 110 deforms at the touch location. This deformation causes the insulating layer 130 to allow electrical connection between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120. For example, the deformed position of the first resistive layer 110 may pass through the insulating layer 130, or the deformation of the first resistive layer 110 may cause the insulating layer 130 to also deform, thus no longer providing insulation. Please refer to the subsequent content related to the insulating layer 130 for details, which will not be elaborated here.
[0036] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating layer according to some embodiments of this specification.
[0037] Referring to Figure 3, in some embodiments, the insulating layer 130 includes an insulating film 131 with an array of holes, the array of holes including a plurality of holes 131-1. The array of holes is configured to allow the deformation of the first resistive layer 110 when touched by an external force to pass through the holes 131-1 corresponding to the touch position, thereby allowing electrical connection between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 when touched by an external force.
[0038] In some embodiments, the thickness of the insulating film 131 affects the depth of the hole 131-1, thereby affecting the difficulty for the first resistive layer 110 to pass through the hole 131-1. If the insulating film 131 is too thick, the deformation required for the first resistive layer 110 to pass through the hole 131-1 and contact the second resistive layer 120 will be larger, resulting in a larger required external force and thus lower sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100. If the insulating film 131 is too thin, the deformation required for the first resistive layer 110 to pass through the hole 131-1 will be smaller, resulting in a smaller required external force. The insulation function of the insulating film 130 may be affected, and accidental touches may easily occur, affecting the user experience. In some embodiments, to further avoid accidental touches while ensuring high sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100, the thickness of the insulating film 131 can be 0.1 μm-50 μm. In some embodiments, to further ensure high sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100, the thickness of the insulating film 131 can be 1 μm-30 μm. In some embodiments, to further avoid accidental touches, the thickness of the insulating film 131 can be 10μm-20μm. The thickness of the insulating film 131 refers to its thickness in the assembled state, in the direction from the first resistive layer 110 to the second resistive layer 120.
[0039] In some embodiments, the shape of the aperture 131-1 can be designed to reduce the difficulty for the deformation of the first resistive layer 110 to pass through the aperture 131-1, thereby improving the sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100. In some embodiments, in order to reduce the difficulty for the deformation of the first resistive layer 110 to pass through the aperture 131-1 and thereby improve the sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100, the aperture 131-1 can adopt a symmetrical shape, such as a circle, a positive direction, a hexagon, etc.
[0040] In some embodiments, the size of the aperture 131-1 also affects the difficulty of the first resistive layer 110 passing through the aperture 131-1. If the size of the aperture 131-1 is too small, the contact area between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 at the touch position will be too small, resulting in low sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100. If the size of the aperture 131-1 is too large, the external force required for the first resistive layer 110 to pass through the aperture 131-1 will be smaller, and the deformation of the first resistive layer 110 and / or the second resistive layer 120 itself (for example, the first resistive layer 110 and / or the second resistive layer 120 may deform without the user applying external force during vigorous movement) is likely to occur, which can easily lead to accidental touches and affect the user experience. In some embodiments, in order to further avoid accidental touches while making the pressure sensor 100 highly sensitive, the diameter of each aperture 131 in the aperture array can be 3mm-10mm. In some embodiments, to further ensure that the pressure sensor 100 has high sensitivity, the diameter of each hole 131 in the aperture array can be 5mm-8mm. In some embodiments, to further avoid accidental activation, the diameter of each hole 131 in the aperture array can be 6mm-7mm.
[0041] In some embodiments, the density of the holes 131-1 in the hole array also affects the sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100. A denser distribution of holes 131-1 results in more contact between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 at the touch position, leading to higher sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100. Conversely, a sparser distribution of holes 131-1 results in less contact between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 at the touch position, leading to lower sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100. However, an excessively dense distribution of holes 131-1 can easily lead to accidental touches. In some embodiments, the density of holes 131-1 in the hole array can be represented by the distance between any two adjacent holes 131-1. A smaller distance between any two adjacent holes 131-1 indicates a denser distribution; a larger distance between any two adjacent holes 131-1 indicates a sparser distribution. The spacing between any two adjacent holes 131-1 refers to the line connecting the centers of the two holes 131-1 (e.g., the line connecting the centers of the end faces of the two holes 131-1 on the side facing the first resistive layer 110 or the second resistive layer 120). In some embodiments, to further avoid accidental activation while ensuring high sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100, the spacing between any two adjacent holes 131 in the aperture array can be 3mm-5mm. In some embodiments, to further ensure high sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100, the spacing between any two adjacent holes 131 in the aperture array can be 3.2mm-4mm. In some embodiments, to further avoid accidental activation, the diameter of each hole 131 in the aperture array can be 3.5mm-3.7mm.
[0042] Figure 4 is another structural schematic diagram of the insulating layer according to some embodiments of this specification.
[0043] In practical applications, when a user touches the pressure sensor 100, in addition to pressing, gesture control can also be implemented. As shown in Figure 4, in some embodiments, to enable the pressure sensor 100 to have gesture control functionality and improve its touch capability, the diameter of the holes 131-1 in the aperture array gradually increases in the first direction (e.g., direction P as shown in Figure 4). That is, the sensitivity of the touch sensing area on the first resistive layer 110 gradually increases along the first direction. During the process of the user's finger sliding along the first direction P (the magnitude of the external force applied by the user's finger can be considered to be basically constant), the position on the first resistive layer 110 that mainly undergoes deformation also moves along direction P. When the position on the first resistive layer 110 that mainly undergoes deformation corresponds to a smaller-sized hole, the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 are electrically connected to generate a first electrical signal; when the position on the first resistive layer 110 that mainly undergoes deformation corresponds to a larger-sized hole, the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 are electrically connected to generate a second electrical signal. Understandably, the amplitudes of the first and second electrical signals differ, reflecting the varying sensitivities of different locations on the pressure sensor 100 when pressed. Specifically, as the user's finger slides along the first direction P, the sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100 gradually increases. Based on the changing pattern of the electrical signal related to sensitivity, the direction of the user's finger slide can be determined. Furthermore, the processor 150 can generate corresponding instructions based on the user's gestures, enriching the touch control methods of the pressure sensor 100. The first direction P can be any direction within the plane of the touch sensing area.
[0044] Figure 5 is another structural schematic diagram of the insulating layer according to some embodiments of this specification.
[0045] As shown in Figure 5, in some embodiments, the insulating layer 130 may include a plurality of microbeads 133, with a gap reserved between any two adjacent microbeads 133.
[0046] In some embodiments, the microbeads 133 can be insulating microbeads. When no external force is applied, the multiple microbeads 133 electrically insulate the first resistive layer 110 from the second resistive layer 120; when an external force is applied, the first resistive layer 110 at the touch position of the external force deforms, and the deformation passes through the gap between the microbeads 133 and becomes electrically connected to the second resistive layer 120, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120.
[0047] In some embodiments, the size and distribution density of the microbeads 133 can affect the sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100. If the microbeads 133 are too large, the gap between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 will be too large. This results in greater deformation of the first resistive layer 110 through the gap to contact the second resistive layer 120, requiring a larger external force and thus lower sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100. If the microbeads 133 are too small, accidental touches are more likely, affecting the user experience. If the distribution density of the microbeads 133 (e.g., the gap between any two adjacent microbeads 133) is too small, the contact area between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 at the touch position will be too small, resulting in lower sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100. Similarly, if the distribution density of the microbeads 133 (e.g., the gap between any two adjacent microbeads 133) is too large, accidental touches are more likely, affecting the user experience. In some embodiments, to further prevent false triggering while ensuring high sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100, the size of the microbeads 133 can be 10μm-100μm, and the gap between any two adjacent microbeads 133 can be 0.5mm-5mm. The gap between any two adjacent microbeads 133 can refer to the distance between the centers of the two microbeads 133, or the minimum distance between the two microbeads 133.
[0048] In some embodiments, the size and distribution density of the microbeads 133 can be designed according to different application scenarios. In some embodiments, when the pressure sensor 100 is applied to a high-precision and high-sensitivity touchscreen (e.g., a high-resolution display), the size of the microbeads 133 can be 10μm-30μm, and the spacing between any two adjacent microbeads can be 0.5mm-1.5mm. In some embodiments, when the pressure sensor 100 is applied to a general-purpose touchscreen (e.g., a mobile phone or watch touchscreen) (e.g., a high-resolution display), the size of the microbeads 133 can be 30μm-60μm, and the spacing between any two adjacent microbeads can be 0.5mm-5mm. In some embodiments, when the pressure sensor 100 is applied to a thicker touchscreen substrate or a touchscreen requiring a larger support gap (e.g., an industrial touchscreen), the size of the microbeads 133 can be 60μm-100μm, and the spacing between any two adjacent microbeads can be 2.5mm-3.5mm.
[0049] Because the microbeads 133 have a certain size, when the applied external force is small, the deformation of the first resistive layer 110 may be small. This deformation may not be able to penetrate the gaps between the microbeads 133 and contact the second resistive layer 120, resulting in the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 remaining electrically insulated by the microbeads 133. This situation leads to an effective threshold for the external force. When the external force is less than the effective threshold, the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 cannot be electrically connected. In this case, the pressure sensor 100 cannot detect the presence of the external force, affecting the sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100.
[0050] In some embodiments, to reduce the effective threshold of external force when the insulating layer 130 includes microbeads 133, the microbeads 133 may have piezoresistive properties. When there is no external force, the resistance of the microbeads 133 is very high, and the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 on both sides of the microbeads 133 can be considered an open circuit, allowing the microbeads 133 to electrically insulate the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120. When subjected to external force, the resistance of the microbeads 133 decreases. In addition to being electrically connected to the second resistive layer 120 through the gap between adjacent microbeads 133 due to the deformation of the first resistive layer 110, the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 can also be electrically connected through the microbeads 133, thereby reducing the effective threshold of external force required for the electrical connection between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120.
[0051] Figure 6 is another structural schematic diagram of the insulating layer according to some embodiments of this specification.
[0052] As shown in Figure 6, in some embodiments, the insulating layer 130 may include an insulating coating 132. The insulating coating 132 has varistor characteristics; when there is no external force, the resistance of the insulating coating 132 is very high, and the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 on both sides of the insulating coating 132 can be considered an open circuit, as the insulating coating 132 electrically insulates the first resistive layer 110 from the second resistive layer 120. When subjected to an external force, the resistance of the insulating coating 132 decreases sharply, and the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 become electrically connected through the insulating coating 132.
[0053] In some embodiments, at least one of the side of the first resistive layer 110 facing the second resistive layer 120 and the side of the second resistive layer 120 facing the first resistive layer 110 may be provided with an insulating coating 132.
[0054] The thickness of the insulating coating 132 can affect its insulation performance and resistance under external force. If the insulating coating 132 is too thick, a large external force is required to reduce its resistance to the point where the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 can conduct, resulting in low sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100. If the insulating coating 132 is too thin, false triggering may occur. In some embodiments, to further avoid false triggering while ensuring high sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100, the thickness of the insulating coating 132 can be 1 nm-999 nm. In some embodiments, to further ensure high sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100, the thickness of the insulating coating 132 can be 10 nm-800 nm. In some embodiments, to further avoid false triggering, the thickness of the insulating film 131 can be 100 nm-600 nm. The thickness of the insulating coating 132 refers to its thickness in the assembled state, in the direction from the first resistive layer 110 to the second resistive layer 120.
[0055] In some embodiments, in order to improve the wear resistance and hardness of the insulating coating 132 and extend the service life of the pressure sensor 100, the insulating coating 132 may include nanoparticles, ceramic powder, etc.
[0056] Because the insulating layer 130 itself has a certain thickness, when the applied external force is small, the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 may not be electrically connected through the insulating layer 130. For example, when the insulating layer 130 is an insulating film 131, the deformation of the first resistive layer 110 under the action of external force may be small, and this deformation may not be able to pass through the hole 131-1 and contact the second resistive layer 120. As another example, when the insulating layer 130 is an insulating coating 132, the force on the insulating coating 132 is small, and the resistance of the insulating coating 132 is still large, resulting in the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 still being electrically insulated by the insulating coating 132. For example, when the insulating layer 130 is made of microbeads 133, the deformation of the first resistive layer 110 under external force may be small. This deformation may not be able to penetrate the gap between the microbeads 133 and make contact with the second resistive layer 120. Alternatively, the force on the pressure-sensitive microbeads 133 may be small, resulting in a relatively high resistance. Consequently, the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 may remain electrically insulated by the microbeads 133. This situation leads to an effective threshold for the external force. When the external force is less than the effective threshold, the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 cannot be electrically connected. In this case, the pressure sensor 100 cannot detect the presence of the external force, affecting the sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100.
[0057] To improve the sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100, the thickness of the insulating layer 130 in the assembled state can be less than its thickness in the unassembled state. The assembled state refers to the state where the insulating layer 130 is fully assembled as shown in Figure 2, while the unassembled state refers to the state where the insulating layer 130 is unconstrained (e.g., immediately after production). This configuration reduces the threshold for external force activation, thereby improving the sensitivity of the pressure sensor 100.
[0058] In some embodiments, in the assembled state, a preload is provided between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120. This preload can compress the insulating layer 130, so that the thickness of the insulating layer 130 in the assembled state is less than the thickness in the natural state.
[0059] Through the aforementioned design of the insulating layer 130, the pressure sensor 100 can achieve high sensitivity. Furthermore, the pressure sensor 100 can also have gesture touch functionality, enriching its touch capabilities. In some embodiments, the processor 150 can be configured to fully utilize the touch functionality of the pressure sensor 100, enabling the processor 150 to generate corresponding instructions based on the touch input of the pressure sensor 100.
[0060] In practical applications, the processor 150 is also configured to identify the touch position of the external force based on the electrical signal, thereby facilitating the processor 150 to execute the next operation or generate corresponding instructions. In some embodiments, the processor 150 can determine the touch position of the external force based on the voltage between the first electrode 141 and the second electrode 142 when the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 are in contact.
[0061] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer according to some embodiments of this specification. It should be noted that the description of touch position and touch intensity in Figure 7 and the following text can be applied to the aforementioned insulating layer 130 with different structures.
[0062] Referring to Figure 7, in some embodiments, the first resistive layer 110 has two first electrodes 141 spaced apart along a second direction (the X direction as shown in Figure 7), one of which serves as a positive electrode and the other as a negative electrode; the second resistive layer 120 has two second electrodes 142 spaced apart along a third direction (the Y direction as shown in Figure 7), one of which serves as a positive electrode and the other as a negative electrode. The second direction (the X direction as shown in Figure 7) and the third direction (the Y direction as shown in Figure 7) are not parallel. When the first resistive layer 110 is touched and deformed, the resistance of either the first resistive layer 110 or the second resistive layer 120 in the conductive circuit depends on the touch position. At this time, based on the voltage of each electrode, the position of the touch position in the second direction (X direction) can be determined on the first resistive layer 110, and the position of the touch position in the third direction (Y direction) can be determined on the second resistive layer 120, thereby determining the position of the touch position. In some embodiments, the second direction (X direction) or the third direction (Y direction) may be the same as or different from the first direction (P direction).
[0063] In some embodiments, the electrical signal received by the processor when touched by an external force includes a first voltage of at least one first electrode 141 and a second voltage of at least one second electrode 142. The first voltage determines the position of the touch location in the second direction X, and the second voltage determines the position of the touch location in the third direction Y.
[0064] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of determining the touch position according to some embodiments of this specification, and Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer being electrically connected according to some embodiments of this specification.
[0065] Referring to Figures 8 and 9, the width of the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 in the second direction X is W, and the height in the third direction Y is H. When the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 are electrically connected, the contact resistance at the contact position between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 (e.g., touch position O) is Rt; on the first resistive layer 110, the resistance of the portion of the touch position O between the second direction X and the negative electrode X- of the first electrode 141 is Rx1, and the resistance of the portion of the touch position O between the second direction X and the positive electrode X+ of the first electrode 141 is Rx2; on the second resistive layer 120, the resistance of the portion of the touch position O between the third direction Y and the negative electrode Y- of the second electrode 142 is Ry1, and the resistance of the portion of the touch position O between the third direction Y and the positive electrode Y+ of the second electrode 142 is Ry2.
[0066] Referring to Figures 8 and 9, when determining the position of touch point O in the second direction X, the positive terminal X+ of the first electrode 141 of the first resistive layer 110 can be connected to the input driving voltage Vref, the negative terminal X- of the first electrode 141 can be grounded, and the second voltage V can be measured at the positive terminal Y+ of the second electrode 142 of the second resistive layer 120. Y+ The negative terminal Y- of the second electrode 142 is grounded. The measured second voltage V Y+ The voltage V corresponding to the resistance Rx1 on the first resistive layer 110 along the second direction X from the negative electrode X- of the first electrode 141 to the touch position O point. Rx1 Since the resistance on the first resistive layer 110 is uniformly distributed, the ratio of the distance x between the touch position O and the negative electrode X- of the first electrode 141 along the second direction X to the width W of the first electrode layer 110 along the second direction X is equal to the voltage V corresponding to the resistance Rx1 of the portion of the first resistive layer 110 along the second direction X from the negative electrode X- of the first electrode 141 to the touch position O. Rx1 (second voltage V) Y+ The ratio of the voltage Vref corresponding to the resistance (Rx1+Rx2) of the portion of the first resistive layer 110 along the second direction X from the negative electrode X- to the positive electrode X+ of the first electrode 141 can be used to determine the distance x between the touch position O and the negative electrode X- of the first electrode 141 along the second direction X using formula (1):
[0067] Referring to Figures 8 and 9, similarly, when determining the position of touch point O in the Y direction, the positive terminal Y+ of the second electrode 142 of the second resistive layer 120 can be connected to the input driving voltage Vref, the negative terminal Y- of the second electrode 142 can be grounded, and the first voltage V is measured at the positive terminal X+ of the first electrode 141 of the first resistive layer 120. X+ The negative terminal X- of the first electrode 141 is grounded. The measured first voltage V X+ The voltage V corresponding to the resistance Ry1 on the second resistive layer 120 along the third Y direction from the negative electrode Y- of the second electrode 142 to the touch position O point. Ry1 Since the resistance on the second resistive layer 120 is uniformly distributed, the ratio of the distance y between the touch position O and the negative electrode Y- of the second electrode 142 along the third direction Y to the height H of the second electrode layer 120 in the third direction Y is equal to the voltage V corresponding to the resistance Ry1 of the portion of the second resistive layer 120 along the third direction Y from the negative electrode Y- of the second electrode 142 to the touch position O. Ry1 (First voltage V) X+The ratio of the resistance (Ry1+Ry2) of the second resistive layer 120 to the voltage Vref corresponding to the portion of the resistance (Ry1+Ry2) between the negative electrode Y- and the positive electrode Y+ of the second electrode 142 along the third direction Y can be used to determine the distance y between the touch position O and the negative electrode Y- of the second electrode 142 along the third direction Y using formula (2):
[0068] In summary, by using formulas (1) and (2), the position (x, y) of the touch position O relative to the intersection point N(0, 0) of the negative pole X- of the first electrode 141 and the negative pole Y- of the second electrode 142 can be determined.
[0069] In some embodiments, the processor 150 is further configured to determine the touch intensity of an external force based on an electrical signal.
[0070] In some embodiments, the electrical signal includes a third voltage between at least one first electrode 141 and at least one second electrode 142.
[0071] Since the touch intensity of external force is not easily measured directly, and the touch intensity of external force affects the contact resistance when the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 are in contact, the contact resistance when the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 are in contact can be determined first, and then the touch intensity can be determined based on the contact resistance. In some embodiments, the processor 150 is further configured to: determine the contact resistance when the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120 are in contact based on an electrical signal, wherein the contact resistance is negatively correlated with the touch intensity. The greater the touch intensity, the larger the contact area between the first resistive layer 110 and the second resistive layer 120, the more sufficient the contact, and the smaller the corresponding contact resistance.
[0072] Please refer to Figures 8 and 9. Since the resistance on the first resistive layer 110 is uniformly distributed, when determining the position x of the touch position O in the second direction X, based on formula (1), formula (3) can be derived to determine Rx1: Wherein, (Rx1+Rx2) is the total resistance of the portion of the first resistive layer 110 along the second direction X from the negative electrode X- to the positive electrode X+ of the first electrode 141.
[0073] Similarly, since the resistance on the second resistive layer 120 is uniformly distributed, when determining the position Y of the touch position O in the third direction Y, based on formula (2), formula (4) can be derived to determine Ry1: Wherein, (Ry1+Ry2) is the total resistance of the portion of the second resistive layer 120 along the third direction Y from the negative electrode Y- to the positive electrode Y+ of the second electrode 142.
[0074] Referring to Figures 8 and 9, when determining the magnitude of the external force load, a driving voltage Vref can be applied between the second electrode 142 and the first resistive layer 141 of the second resistive layer 120. For example, the driving voltage Vref can be input at the negative terminal Y- of the second electrode 142, and the negative terminal X- of the first electrode 141 can be grounded. In this case, the resistance corresponding to the driving voltage Vref includes: the resistance Ry1 of the portion of the second resistive layer 142 between the negative terminal Y- of the second electrode 142 and the touch position O; the contact resistance Rt at the touch position O; and the resistance Rx1 of the portion of the first resistive layer 141 between the touch position O and the negative terminal X- of the first electrode 141. A third voltage Vt is measured at the positive terminal X+ of the first electrode 141 of the first resistive layer 120. The measured third voltage Vt corresponds to the voltage Vt corresponding to the resistance Rx1 of the portion of the first resistive layer 110 along the second direction X from the negative terminal X- of the first electrode 141 to the touch position O. Rx1 Since the total current I in the circuit is constant, the total current can be determined based on formula (5): Among them, Rx1 can be obtained according to formula (3), and Ry1 can be obtained according to formula (4).
[0075] By transforming formula (5) into formula (6), the contact resistance Rt can be determined:
[0076] The processor 150 determines the corresponding touch intensity based on the contact resistance Rt. It should be noted that although the touch position O, its position x in the second direction X, its position y in the third direction Y, and the touch intensity are obtained step by step in the above description, the pressure sensor 100 can display them simultaneously.
[0077] In some embodiments, the processor 150 may identify touch location and / or touch intensity based on a machine learning model to improve the recognition accuracy of the processor 150.
[0078] In some embodiments, the processor 150 can determine a machine learning model by training an initial machine learning model. The initial machine learning model can be stored in the processor 150. The processor 150 can obtain multiple training samples to train the initial machine learning model.
[0079] The training samples can be the first voltage V corresponding to the external force. X+ Second voltage V Y+ The third voltage is Vt. The labels of the training samples can be the touch position (x, y) and the touch intensity of the external force. The labeled training samples are input into the initial machine learning model. The parameters of the initial machine learning model are updated through training. When the trained model meets the preset conditions, the training ends and the trained machine learning model is obtained.
[0080] In some embodiments, the machine learning model may include a fully connected neural network (FNN), a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a feature pyramid network (FPN), a generative adversarial network (GAN), a CycleGAN model, a pix2pix model, or any combination thereof.
[0081] In some embodiments, the training samples may include external forces at different locations and with different touch intensities to increase the data range of the training samples and improve the accuracy of the readings of the pressure sensor 100.
[0082] In some embodiments, the processor 150 is further configured to generate different instructions based on different touch intensities, thereby improving the touch flexibility of the pressure sensor 100. For example, when the pressure sensor 100 is applied to headphones, the user can control the headphone's output volume by the touch intensity. When the user applies a strong touch, the processor 150 can generate an instruction to increase the output volume; when the user applies a weak touch, the processor 150 can generate an instruction to decrease the output volume.
[0083] In some embodiments, when the pressure sensor 100 exhibits varying touch responses at different positions along the first direction X (see Figure 4 and its related description for details), the processor 150 is further configured to generate different commands in response to different sliding directions during external force touch. For example, when the pressure sensor 100 is applied to a touch display screen (e.g., a mobile phone display screen), the user can control the interface displayed on the screen using different touch gestures. When the sliding direction during external force touch is close to or parallel to the first direction X, the processor 150 can generate a command to close the current interface; when the sliding direction during external force touch is opposite to or nearly opposite to the first direction X, the processor 150 can generate a command to open a new interface.
[0084] Figure 10 is a structural schematic diagram of a wearable device according to some embodiments of this specification.
[0085] Referring to Figure 10, some embodiments of this specification also provide a wearable device 1000, which includes the pressure sensor 100 described in any of the foregoing embodiments. The pressure sensor 100 is disposed on the side of the wearable device away from the user when it is worn, so as to facilitate user operation.
[0086] In some embodiments, the wearable device 1000 may include, but is not limited to, headphones, ear hooks, glasses, helmets, etc. Taking the wearable device 1000 as a behind-the-ear headphone as an example, the wearable device 1000 may include a connector 1100, with a sound-emitting part 1200 connected to each end of the connector 1100. When worn, the two sound-emitting parts 1200 output sound to the user's ears respectively.
[0087] When worn, the sound-emitting part 1200 has an inner surface IS facing the user and an outer surface OS facing away from the user. The inner surface IS of the sound-emitting part 1200 is provided with a sound outlet for outputting sound to the user's ear. The pressure sensor 100 can be set on the outer surface OS for user operation, and the corresponding touch sensing area is area M as shown in Figure 10.
[0088] In some embodiments, the first direction P can be any direction within the outer surface OS. For example, the first direction P can be the long axis direction of the sound-emitting part 1200 within the outer surface OS, as shown in FIG10. This allows the touch sensing area (e.g., area M) of the pressure sensor 100 to have a large area of convenient sensitivity in the long axis direction of the sound-emitting part 1200, thereby providing the user with a larger area for gesture touch control and improving the user experience.
[0089] By designing the insulating layer 130, the wearable device has high touch sensitivity; when touched by external force, it can determine at least one of the touch position, touch intensity, and touch sliding direction, resulting in high touch accuracy and strong touch flexibility, which facilitates user operation and improves the user experience.
[0090] The basic concepts have been described above. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the detailed disclosure above is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and corrections to this application. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are suggested in this application, and therefore remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.
[0091] Furthermore, this application uses specific terms to describe embodiments of the application. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different locations in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the application can be appropriately combined.
[0092] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the description of the present application and thus aid in the understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention, the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application sometimes combines multiple features into a single embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not imply that the subject matter of the application requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. In fact, the embodiments contain fewer features than all the features of the single embodiments disclosed above.
[0093] In some embodiments, numbers describing the quantity of components and attributes are used. It should be understood that the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximate values, which may be changed depending on the specific characteristics required by individual embodiments. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should take into account specified significant digits and employ general methods of digit reservation. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to confirm their breadth in some embodiments of this application are approximate values, in specific embodiments, such values are set as precisely as feasible.
[0094] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this application are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of this application. Other modifications may also fall within the scope of this application. Therefore, alternative configurations of the embodiments of this application are considered as examples and not limitations, and are regarded as consistent with the teachings of this application. Accordingly, the embodiments of this application are not limited to the embodiments explicitly described and illustrated in this application.
Claims
1. A pressure sensor, comprising: A first resistive layer and a second resistive layer are arranged opposite to each other, and a touch-sensing area is provided on the side of the first resistive layer that is away from the second resistive layer; An insulating layer is disposed between the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer, the insulating layer being configured such that: in the absence of external force touch, the insulating layer electrically insulates the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer; when touched by the external force, the touched area on the touch sensing area deforms toward the second resistive layer, the insulating layer allowing the deformed first resistive layer and the second resistive layer to form an electrical connection; The processor is configured to read the electrical signal generated after the first and second resistive layers are electrically connected.
2. The pressure sensor as described in claim 1, wherein, The insulating layer includes an insulating film with an array of holes, the array of holes including a plurality of holes, the array of holes being configured to allow the deformation of the first resistive layer when touched by the external force to pass through the holes corresponding to the touch position when touched by the external force.
3. The pressure sensor as described in claim 2, wherein, The diameter of each hole is 3mm-10mm, and the distance between any two adjacent holes is 3mm-5mm.
4. The pressure sensor as described in claim 2, wherein, In the first direction, the diameter of the aperture in the aperture array gradually increases.
5. The pressure sensor as described in claim 1, wherein, The insulating layer includes an insulating coating with a thickness of 1 nm to 999 nm.
6. The pressure sensor as described in claim 5, wherein, The insulating coating includes nanoparticles.
7. The pressure sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the insulating layer in the assembled state is less than that in the natural state.
8. The pressure sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The processor is also configured to identify the touch position of the external force based on the electrical signal.
9. The pressure sensor as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The first resistive layer has two first electrodes spaced apart along the second direction, and the second resistive layer has two second electrodes spaced apart along the third direction. The second direction is not parallel to the third direction. When touched by the external force, the electrical signal includes a first voltage of at least one first electrode and a second voltage of at least one second electrode.
10. The pressure sensor as claimed in claim 9, wherein, The processor is also configured to determine the touch intensity of the external force based on the electrical signal.
11. The pressure sensor as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The electrical signal also includes a third voltage between at least one of the first electrodes and at least one of the second electrodes.
12. The pressure sensor as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The processor identifies the touch location and touch intensity based on a machine learning model.
13. The pressure sensor as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The processor is configured to determine the contact resistance when the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer are in contact based on the electrical signal, wherein the contact resistance is negatively correlated with the touch intensity.
14. The pressure sensor as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The processor generates different instructions based on the different touch intensities.
15. The pressure sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The insulating layer comprises multiple microbeads with pressure-sensitive properties, and a gap is reserved between any two adjacent microbeads.
16. A wearable device, comprising: A pressure sensor is located on the side of the wearable device that faces away from the user when the device is worn; wherein, The pressure sensor includes: A first resistive layer and a second resistive layer are arranged opposite to each other, and a touch-sensing area is provided on the side of the first resistive layer that is away from the second resistive layer; An insulating layer is disposed between the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer, the insulating layer being configured such that, in the absence of external force touch, the insulating layer electrically insulates the first resistive layer from the second resistive layer; When touched by the external force, the touched area on the touch sensing area deforms toward the second resistive layer, and the insulating layer allows the deformed first resistive layer to form an electrical connection with the second resistive layer; The processor is configured to read the electrical signal generated after the first and second resistive layers are electrically connected.
17. The wearable device of claim 16, wherein, The processor is also configured to determine the touch intensity of the external force based on the electrical signal.
18. The wearable device of claim 17, wherein, The processor is also configured to generate different instructions in response to different touch intensities when the external force is applied.
19. The wearable device of claim 16, wherein, The pressure sensor has varying touch responses at different positions along a first direction, and the processor is configured to generate different instructions in response to different sliding directions when touched by external force.
20. A wearable device, comprising: A pressure sensor is located on the side of the wearable device that faces away from the user when the device is worn; wherein, The pressure sensor is configured to generate different commands in response to different touch intensities when touched by external force.
21. The wearable device of claim 20, wherein, The pressure sensor has varying touch responses at different positions along a first direction, and the processor is configured to generate different instructions in response to different sliding directions when the external force touches the sensor.
22. The wearable device of claim 20, wherein, The pressure sensor includes: A first resistive layer and a second resistive layer are arranged opposite to each other, and a touch-sensing area is provided on the side of the first resistive layer that is away from the second resistive layer; An insulating layer is disposed between the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer. The insulating layer is configured such that, in the absence of external force touch, the insulating layer electrically insulates the first resistive layer from the second resistive layer; when touched by the external force, the touched area on the touch sensing area deforms toward the second resistive layer, and the insulating layer allows the deformed first resistive layer and the second resistive layer to form an electrical connection. The processor is configured to read the electrical signal generated after the first and second resistive layers are electrically connected.
23. A wearable device, comprising: A pressure sensor is located on the side of the wearable device that faces away from the user when the device is worn; wherein, The pressure sensor has varying touch responses at different positions along a first direction, and the pressure sensor is configured to generate different commands in response to different sliding directions when touched by external force.
24. The wearable device of claim 23, wherein, The pressure sensor is also configured to generate different commands in response to different touch intensities when the external force is applied.
25. The wearable device of claim 23, wherein, The pressure sensor includes: A first resistive layer and a second resistive layer are arranged opposite to each other, and a touch-sensing area is provided on the side of the first resistive layer that is away from the second resistive layer; An insulating layer is disposed between the first resistive layer and the second resistive layer. The insulating layer is configured such that, in the absence of external force touch, the insulating layer electrically insulates the first resistive layer from the second resistive layer; when touched by the external force, the touched area on the touch sensing area deforms toward the second resistive layer, and the insulating layer allows the deformed first resistive layer and the second resistive layer to form an electrical connection. The processor is configured to read the electrical signal generated after the first and second resistive layers are electrically connected.