Method and apparatus for indicating token and embedding uplink traffic
By transmitting data representation parameters, the method addresses inefficiencies and privacy issues in communication systems, enabling dynamic resource allocation and improved processing of tokens and embeddings.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication systems face inefficiencies due to bandwidth waste, lack of semantic awareness, rigid resource allocation, and challenges with large language models (LLMs), as well as user privacy issues, particularly in high-bandwidth applications like immersive XR and AI-driven scenarios.
Implementing a method where user equipment (UE) transmits information indicating parameters related to data representations, such as tokens or embeddings, to facilitate dynamic resource allocation and processing in wireless networks.
Enhances network efficiency by allowing dynamic resource allocation and improved processing of tokenized data, reducing latency and ensuring privacy through data abstraction.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025076513_18062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING TOKEN AND EMBEDDING UPLINK TRAFFICCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 729,781, filed on December 9, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present application relates to wireless communication networks, and in particular to transmission, in such networks, of a representation of data such as tokens or embeddings.BACKGROUND
[0003] Existing communication systems have limitations, some of which are as follows.
[0004] Bandwidth Inefficiency: Some communication systems rely heavily on transmitting raw data streams, which include significant amounts of redundant information. This inefficiency stems from several inherent limitations in the communication systems. For instance, repetitive patterns in data-such as background pixels in video frames or stable sensor readings-consume unnecessary bandwidth when transmitted in their entirety. Additionally, the communication systems often fail to differentiate between critical and non-essential data, allocating bandwidth uniformly across all data streams. This approach becomes increasingly problematic in emerging applications, where massive amounts of data from immersive extended reality (XR) environments, digital twins, or autonomous systems push bandwidth demands which need higher capacity. For example, a video streaming platform might transmit every frame in raw form, even when large portions of the image, such as static backgrounds, remain unchanged. This indiscriminate use of bandwidth results in significant inefficiencies that limit the system's overall performance and scalability.
[0005] Lack of Semantic Awareness: Another core limitation of some communication systems is their reliance on raw data formats that prioritize syntactic representation over semantic meaning. Without embedded semantic awareness, these systems introduce unnecessary complexity in downstream processing. Receivers are often burdened with decoding and analyzing raw data to extract actionable insights, resulting in increased latency and computational overhead. Furthermore, the inability to distinguish critical information from less important data leads to delays in delivering essential responses, particularly in time-sensitive scenarios. Consider a sensor network that reports temperature readings without contextual metadata, such as dependency on prior readings or specific time sensitivity. In this case, the receiver may expend additional resources to interpret the raw data independently, resulting in fragmented and inefficient processing. For modern artificial intelligence (AI) -driven applications, this lack of integrated semantic features becomes a significant bottleneck.
[0006] Rigid Resource Allocation: Some communication systems employ fixed resource allocation strategies, which are inherently inflexible and fail to adapt to dynamic network conditions. This rigidity often results in inefficiencies during both low-traffic and peak-demand periods. Static bandwidth distribution mechanisms, for instance, cannot prioritize real-time, latency-sensitive applications over less critical data streams. As a result, applications requiring ultra-reliable and low-latency communication-such as remote surgery or autonomous vehicle control-may face unacceptable delays and degraded performance. A practical example of this limitation is seen in autonomous driving scenarios. High-priority obstacle detection data may compete with less urgent infotainment traffic for the same network resources. Without dynamic allocation capabilities, the system may delay the delivery of critical safety data, thereby increasing the risk of accidents.
[0007] The Rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) : The emergence and rapid advancement of LLMs such as generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) , bidirectional encoder representations from transformer (BERT) , and other transformer-based architectures have profoundly reshaped the data transmission landscape. These models, while powerful in processing complex data and enabling semantic-rich tasks, introduce unique challenges to communication systems. First, LLMs often require the transmission of tokenized data and / or embeddings, which are often high-dimensional and dense. Without optimized mechanisms, transferring such data between distributed LLMs, edge devices, and centralized servers can lead to significant bandwidth strain. Moreover, LLMs may operate on context-sensitive data, where the meaning of tokens depends heavily on their surrounding context, necessitating precise handling during transmission. Second, the collaborative deployment of LLMs across distributed systems, such as edge computing and cloud environments, demands seamless interoperability. For instance, an edge device running a truncated LLM may exchange tokens and embeddings with a central server hosting the full model. Without standardized communication protocols tailored to LLM-specific needs, these interactions become inefficient and error-prone. Lastly, the growing reliance on LLMs in real-time applications, such as conversational AI, autonomous systems, and smart assistants, underscores the need for low-latency and semantically aware communication. Traditional systems are ill-equipped to meet these demands, highlighting the critical role of token-based communication in facilitating efficient and reliable LLM operation.
[0008] User Privacy and Data Desensitization: In an era where data privacy is paramount, some communication systems often struggle to safeguard sensitive user information during transmission and processing. Raw data typically contains personally identifiable information (PII) or other sensitive details, which are vulnerable to interception, misuse, or unauthorized access. Token-based communication addresses this challenge by incorporating data desensitization mechanisms directly into the communication process. By transforming raw data into abstract tokens that encapsulate only the necessary semantic features, sensitive information is removed or anonymized before transmission. For example: · A user's location data might be tokenized as a high-level geographic region instead of precise global positioning system (GPS) coordinates. · Voice or video streams can be tokenized into embeddings that retain semantic meaning but strip away identifying features, such as voice tone or facial details.
[0009] Furthermore, token metadata can include privacy labels or encryption fields that specify access permissions and security requirements. For instance, a token might indicate that its content is restricted to specific processing nodes or may be deleted after a single use. By minimizing the exposure of sensitive user data, token-based systems enhance privacy while maintaining functionality. This is particularly critical in applications like smart healthcare, where patient data may be protected, or in future network-enabled internet of things (IoT) networks, where billions of devices transmit sensitive information.SUMMARY
[0010] As discussed above, tokens and / or embeddings may be transmitted in wireless communication networks. Tokens and embeddings are both representations of underlying data. A token is a discrete unit that represents data, often used to abstract or simplify complex information. A token may represent quantized data. An example of a token is an indication of a high-level geographic region, instead of precise global positioning system (GPS) coordinates. For example, the GPS coordinates may be the underlying data and “New York” may be the token representing the underlying data. In some implementations tokens may be also widely used in natural language processing, where they represent words, subwords or characters. An embedding is representation of data in a vector space. An embedding may comprise a vector that represents (e.g. encodes) the underlying data. Embeddings may compress semantically related data into high-dimensional vectors, where semantically related underlying data are close to each other in the vector space. For example, the underlying data may be a sentence, and the embedding may be a real-valued vector that encodes the sentence such that sentences similar in meaning have vectors near each other in the vector space. In some instances, an embedding might be considered a token or vice versa. Tokens and / or embeddings may reduce the transmission overhead of large-scale data streams and / or may enable efficient downstream inference.
[0011] Traffic that comprises tokens and / or embeddings may have many possible properties. A property will interchangeably be called a parameter. Parameters of the traffic may define, for example: whether the traffic comprises tokens or embeddings; and / or the type of tokens and / or embeddings that are carried in the traffic (which may, for example, relate to quality of service requirements) ; and / or the traffic model (which may, for example, specify arrival time and / or packet size) ; and / or whether the traffic is transmitted in a burst or a stream; and / or arrival time information associated with the traffic; and / or information related to uplink resource requirements of the traffic, etc. There may be a lot of flexibility, such that tokens and / or embeddings originating from different applications on a user equipment (UE) might have very different parameters. This may cause a problem at the network because, due to the flexibility and wide variety of different parameters, the network may be unsure of the resources it needs to allocate to accommodate tokens and / or embeddings that originate from the UE.
[0012] To address this problem, the UE may transmit, to the network device, information indicating one or more parameters related to the tokens and / or embeddings, e.g. one or more parameters of traffic comprising the tokens and / or embeddings. The indication may be referred to as a traffic indication. By having knowledge of the one or more parameters, the network may better determine when and how to process the tokens and / or embeddings, and / or the network may better determine how to allocate resources, such as uplink time-frequency resources.
[0013] More generally, the traffic does not have to comprise tokens and / or embeddings per se. Tokens and embeddings are examples of representations of data. A token is a representation of underlying data because it is a discrete unit representative of the data. An embedding is a representation of underlying data because it is a vector that represents (e.g. encodes) the underlying data. If an application on the UE generates traffic comprising a representation of data (e.g. tokens and / or embeddings and / or some other representation) , then the UE may transmit, to the network, an indication of one or more parameters related to the representation of the data, e.g. one or more parameters of the traffic comprising the representation of the data.
[0014] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method may be performed by a UE. The method may include transmitting, to a network device, information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data. The method may further include transmitting, to the network device, the representation of the data.
[0015] In some implementations, the representation of the data may be or include tokens and / or embeddings that represent the data.
[0016] In some implementations, the one or more parameters may include at least one of: an indication of whether the representation of the data comprises tokens or embeddings; and / or an indication of type of the tokens or the embeddings; and / or traffic model information associated with the representation of the data; and / or an indication of whether the representation of the data is transmitted in a burst or a stream; and / or arrival time information associated with the representation of the data; and / or information related to uplink resource requirements associated with the representation of the data.
[0017] In some implementations, the type of the tokens or the embeddings may indicate quality of service (QoS) requirement and / or traffic pattern associated with the tokens or the embeddings.
[0018] In some implementations, the information indicating the one or more parameters related to the representation of the data may be in the form of an index. For example, the information may comprise an index, where the index is one of a plurality of indices, and each of the plurality of indices is associated with a respective combination of values of the one or more parameters. In some implementations, for different combinations associated with different indices, there may be at least one parameter of the one or more parameters having different values.
[0019] In some implementations, the information may further indicate a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.
[0020] In some implementations, at least one of the one or more parameters may indicate a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.
[0021] In some implementations, the representation of the data is transmitted on uplink resources. In some such implementations, at least some of the uplink resources may be allocated based on at least one of the one or more parameters. In some implementations, the method may include receiving an uplink resource allocation indicating the uplink resources.
[0022] In some implementations, the method may include generating the representation of the data by performing tokenization of at least some of the data and / or by embedding at least some of the data.
[0023] In some implementations, transmitting the information may comprise transmitting at least some of the information in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . In some implementations, the at least some of the information may be transmitted in the PUCCH according to a PUCCH format, and another portion of the information may be transmitted in another transmission in the PUCCH or in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) .
[0024] In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., a UE) is provided to perform or cause / control performance of any of the methods. For example, the apparatus may include at least one processor and a memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform any of the methods. For example, the processor-executable instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus to: transmit, to a network device, information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data; and transmit, to the network device, the representation of the data. In some implementations, the apparatus is a chip or chipset, e.g. an integrated circuit (IC) chip. In some implementations, the apparatus does not execute instructions by a processor to perform the methods, e.g. the apparatus may comprise specialized or dedicated circuitry such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , that performs the methods. More generally, the apparatus may comprise modules or units to perform the methods, e.g. a unit or module to transmit the information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data, and a unit or module to transmit the representation of the data. The unit or module to transmit the information and transmit the representation of the data may be the same unit or module, or they may be different units or modules. In some implementations, the apparatus may include means for performing the method steps, e.g. the apparatus may comprise a means to transmit the information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data, and a means to transmit the representation of the data.
[0025] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method that may be performed by an apparatus, e.g. a network device. The method may include receiving, from a UE, information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data. The method may further include receiving, from the UE, the representation of the data.
[0026] In some implementations, the method may further include transmitting, to the UE, an uplink resource allocation. In some such implementations, the uplink resource allocation may be based on at least one of the one or more parameters. In some implementations, the method may further include receiving at least some of the representation of the data on an uplink resource indicated in the uplink resource allocation. In some implementations, transmitting the uplink resource allocation may be responsive to receiving the information indicating the one or more parameters.
[0027] In some implementations, the representation of the data may be or include tokens and / or embeddings that represent the data.
[0028] In some implementations, the one or more parameters may include at least one of: an indication of whether the representation of the data comprises tokens or embeddings; and / or an indication of type of the tokens or the embeddings; and / or traffic model information associated with the representation of the data; and / or an indication of whether the representation of the data is transmitted in a burst or a stream; and / or arrival time information associated with the representation of the data; and / or information related to uplink resource requirements associated with the representation of the data.
[0029] In some implementations, the type of the tokens or the embeddings may indicate QoS requirement and / or traffic pattern associated with the tokens or the embeddings.
[0030] In some implementations, the information indicating the one or more parameters related to the representation of the data may be in the form of an index. For example, the information may comprise an index, where the index is one of a plurality of indices, and each of the plurality of indices is associated with a respective combination of values of the one or more parameters. In some implementations, for different combinations associated with different indices, there may be at least one parameter of the one or more parameters having different values.
[0031] In some implementations, the information may further indicate a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.
[0032] In some implementations, at least one of the one or more parameters may indicate a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.
[0033] In some implementations, receiving the information may involve receiving at least some of the information in a PUCCH. In some implementations, the at least some of the information may be received in the PUCCH according to a PUCCH format, and another portion of the information may be received in another transmission in the PUCCH or in a PUSCH.
[0034] In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., a network device, such as a transmit-and-receive point or a network node) is provided to perform or cause / control performance of any of the methods. For example, the apparatus may include at least one processor and a memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform any of the methods. For example, the processor-executable instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus to: receive information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data; and receiving the representation of the data. In some implementations, the apparatus is a chip or chipset, e.g. an integrated circuit (IC) chip. In some implementations, the apparatus does not execute instructions by a processor to perform the methods, e.g. the apparatus may comprise specialized or dedicated circuitry such as an FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC, that performs the methods. More generally, the apparatus may comprise modules or units to perform the methods, e.g. a unit or module to receive information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data, and a unit or module to receive the representation of the data. The unit or module to receive the information and receive the representation of the data may be the same unit or module, or they may be different units or modules. In some implementations, the apparatus may include means for performing the method steps, e.g. the apparatus may comprise a means to receive information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data, and a means to receive the representation of the data. In another aspect, there is provided a computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause any of the methods described herein to be performed. The computer readable medium may be non-transitory. For example, there may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform any of the methods described herein.
[0035] In another aspect, there is provided a computer program product having the instructions stored thereon for performing any of the methods described herein. For example, there may be a computer program product storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform any of the methods described herein.
[0036] Technical benefits of some aspects may include the ability of the network to better determine when and how to process the traffic and / or allocate resources, when the traffic originates from the UE and when the traffic comprises a representation of data (e.g. tokens and / or embeddings) . The transmission of an indication of one or more parameters related to a representation of the data, from the UE to a network device of the network, may allow for the network to make the determination.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0037] Implementations of the present disclosure will be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures wherein:
[0038] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system according to some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus within a communication system, according to some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0041] FIGs. 4 and 5 illustrate example apparatuses according to some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of dynamic uplink scheduling;
[0043] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of grant-free Type 1 uplink transmission;
[0044] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of grant-free Type 2 uplink transmission;
[0045] FIG. 9 illustrates one example of an uplink data transmission procedure;
[0046] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of dynamic uplink scheduling based on an enhanced scheduling request (eSR) ;
[0047] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of grant-free uplink transmission responsive to an eSR;
[0048] FIG. 12 illustrates two apparatuses, according to some implementations of the present disclosure; and
[0049] FIG. 13 illustrates a method performed by the two apparatuses, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0050] Specific example implementations of the present disclosure will now be explained.
[0051] The implementations may be applied to sixth generation (6G) or other future generation communication systems. An exemplary communication system (that may be a 4G or 5G or future generation (e.g., 6G) communication system) is illustrated below.
[0052] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure. There is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 10a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0053] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0054] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0055] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0056] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. There is shown the communication system 100 including EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0057] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0058] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0059] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0060] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0061] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0062] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0063] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0064] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0065] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0066] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0067] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0068] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0069] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) , pattern division multiple access (PDMA) , lattice partition multiple access (LPMA) , resource spread multiple access (RSMA) , and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) .
[0070] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a new radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0071] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0072] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e, g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0073] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0074] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0075] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0076] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 may perform or control the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. The operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0077] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0078] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0079] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0080] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0081] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0082] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0083] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0084] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0085] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0086] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0087] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0088] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0089] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly couped to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0090] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0091] FIG. 5 illustrates example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0092] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0093] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0094] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0095] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core -a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0096] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0097] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0098] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0099] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0100] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0101] Having considered communications more generally above, attention will now turn to particular example implementations, including implementations that include a user equipment (UE) generating traffic comprising a representation of data (e.g. traffic comprising tokens and / or embeddings) and the UE transmitting, to a network device (e.g. a base station) , information indicating one or more parameters related to the representation of data, e.g. one or more parameters of the traffic. In many of the examples herein, the term “UE” is used to refer to the electronic device (ED) communicating with the network. However, “UE” can be substituted by ED (e.g. ED 110) or apparatus (e.g. apparatus 310) . Similarly, the network device referred to below is often referred to as a “base station” . However, “base station” can be substituted by TRP or network device.
[0102] An application on a UE (e.g. a sensor and / or a software application) may generate a representation of data comprising tokens and / or embeddings. Traffic from the UE may comprise the tokens and / or embeddings. Token and embedding generation may have at least one of the following properties: · Dynamic token and / or embedding negotiation: such as length, compression, and metadata. · Flexible token and / or embedding generation: Supports tokens or embeddings. · Adaptable transmission modes: Enables seamless switching between burst and stream modes. · Privacy and Security Integration: Ensures token and / or embedding desensitization and secure metadata generation during the tokenization and / or embedding generation process. · Compression and Scalability: Embeds dynamic compression techniques and variable-length token and / or embedding generation.
[0103] Therefore, the traffic status for token and embedding data flow may dynamically change and the base station might not be able to do prejudgment on the beginning and ending time of each token and / or embedding data burst or stream transmission. To deal with this issue, massive uplink (UL) resource should be reserved and configured. The base station should be always awake to receive. More generally, the flexibility in the properties of such traffic may cause a problem at the network because, due to the flexibility and wide variety of different properties, the network may be unsure of the resources it needs to allocate to accommodate traffic comprising tokens and / or embeddings that originate from the UE. As mentioned above, the network may instruct the base station to be awake to receive and the network may allocate massive UL resources. This is not optimal for network performance.
[0104] Accordingly, the disclosure provides a method and a system to address the above problems. In some implementations, the method includes a token and embedding traffic indication in UL tokenized communication, addressing the issue of waste in UL physical (PHY) resource and power assumed at both base station and UE side. The traffic indication may indicate one or more parameters related to the tokens and / or embeddings that make up the traffic, which may allow the network to better determine when and how to process the traffic and / or allocate resources.
[0105] For example, by introducing a traffic indication for token and embedding transmission, the base station may recognize the start and end point of each token and embedding data burst or stream transmission. Then, the base station can reasonably assign the UL resource for token and embedding data request (s) . The base station may be turned off timely to save network power and the base station may also have a reasonable configuration for power saving at the UE side.
[0106] In some implementations herein, the indication of the one or more parameters related to the tokens and / or embeddings that make up the traffic may be transmitted as part of or as an enhanced scheduling request (eSR) and / or enhanced buffer status report (eBSR) . Therefore, uplink scheduling and the concepts of scheduling requests (SRs) and buffer status reports (BSRs) will first be described below.
[0107] In 5G wireless system, there are two types of UL grant generation and indication method.
[0108] One type is dynamic UL scheduling. The procedure for dynamic scheduling based UL transmission can be summarized as follows. When data generated from the application layer of the UE is ready for transmission, for example the data has arrived at the buffer of the MAC layer, after the encoding of a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , and RLC layer, the UE may send a scheduling request (SR) to the base station via PUCCH or physical random access channel (PRACH) . For example, when a PUCCH is not configured for the scheduling request, the UE may send the SR via a PRACH. Then, the base station would generally configure a grant for the UE to send the buffer status report (BSR) , which enables the base station to perform a reasonable UL grant configuration for UL data transmission. After the UE reports BSR being 0, the base station would not schedule UL transmission again. An example of dynamic UL scheduling is illustrated in FIG. 6. Data 522 arrives and is stored in a buffer (not shown) for uplink transmission to the base station. Therefore, the BSR is greater than zero, as shown at 524. A scheduling request 526 is transmitted in the PUCCH or PRACH in physical (PHY) layer. The scheduler 528 at the base station grants a relatively small allocation of UL resources for transmission of the BSR. The grant 530 is transmitted in the PDCCH in PHY layer, and in response the UE transmits its BSR on the allocated UL resource as a MAC-CE, and optionally, data in PUSCH, as shown at 532. Based on the amount of data in the buffer for uplink transmission, as indicated in the BSR, a grant 534 of UL resources is transmitted to the UE, which allows the UE to transmit the data and a further BSR. This process continues until the BSR is zero (i.e. no data left to transmit in the UL from the UE) , as indicated at 536, at which time the process ends.
[0109] Another type is Grant-free UL scheduling, interchangeably referred to as configured grant. The procedure of grant-free based UL transmission can be summarized as follows.
[0110] For grant-free based UL transmission Type 1: The UL grant for data transmission is semi-statically configured by RRC signaling. The grant is valid after RRC signaling is decoded by the UE. If data generated from the application layer of the UE is ready for transmission, the UE sends the UL data directly on the available UL grant. If no data is available, UE does nothing on the UL grant. An example of grant-free Type 1 UL transmission is illustrated in FIG. 7. RRC signaling 542 semi-statically configures UL resources for UL transmissions, shown in FIG. 7 as grant 544. At the time the configured UL resource becomes available to the UE, if there is data in the buffer of the UE to send, as there is at 546, then the data is transmitted on the UL resource. If there is no data in the buffer of the UE to send, as at 548, then nothing is transmitted on the UL resource. Although not shown in FIG. 7, a BSR may also be sent in the MAC layer along with one or more uplink data transmissions.
[0111] For grant-free based UL transmission Type 2: The UL grant for data transmission is semi-statically configured by RRC signaling. However, the configured UL grant should be activated or de-activated by DCI. In the case of activated UL configured grant, if data generated from the application layer of the UE is ready for transmission, the UE sends the UL data directly on the available UL grant. If no data is available, the UE does nothing on the UL grant. An example of grant-free Type 2 UL transmission is illustrated in FIG. 8. RRC signaling 552 semi-statically configures UL resources for UL transmissions, shown in FIG. 8 as grant 554. DCI then activates the UL resources, as shown at 555. At the time the configured UL resource becomes available to the UE, if there is data in the buffer of the UE to send, as there is at 556, then the data is transmitted on the UL resource. If there is no data in the buffer of the UE to send, as at 558, then nothing is transmitted on the UL resource. Although not shown in FIG. 8, a BSR may also be sent in the MAC layer along with one or more uplink data transmissions.
[0112] In one example implementation, the UL data transmission procedure from the application layer on the UE (e.g. from a senor or certain UE APP) to a certain access node (for example, a base station) or a computation node (for example, a core network) can be as summarized as follows, having reference to FIG. 9.
[0113] Tokens or embeddings data flows generated from UE APP or certain sensor, are sent to protocol data unit (PDU) layer. After PDU layer, the tokens or embeddings data flows are encoded with certain transport protocol (such as real-time transport protocol (RTP) , UDP) and the output tokens or embeddings packets are sent to SDAP layer.
[0114] The payload format of the transport protocol is composed of tokens or embeddings data flows. The indication information for the properties (parameters) of the current tokens or embeddings packets are transmitted in the header or the header extension of Transport Protocol. Specially, the information field may be used for the indication of the traffic of the tokens or embeddings packet flow or packet flow set.
[0115] Within the SDAP layer, tokens or embeddings packets (such as IP packets) are mapped into data radio bearers (DRBs) , where different DRBs have different quality of service (QoS) requirements. The mapping rule is configured by RRC signalling, which is derived by Qos profile sent from access and mobility management function (AMF) to RAN node (for example, a base station) .
[0116] A general packet radio service (GPRS) tunnelling protocol user (GTP-U) protocol may be used for the transmission from the access node (AN) to certain Network function in core network, such as user plane function (UPF) . The GTP-U header can contain the indication information for the properties of the tokens or embeddings packets. Specifically, the information field may be used for the indication of the traffic of the tokens or embeddings data flow. Specifically, the signaling for the traffic indication may comprise the traffic information for current and / or next and / or next certain number and / or later tokens or embeddings transmission unit (s) .
[0117] The above data transmission procedure is just one example. More generally, the UE may have traffic comprising tokens and / or embeddings that originate from an application of the UE (e.g. that originate from a sensor and / or a software application of the UE) . The traffic has certain properties related to the tokens and / or embeddings. The properties are interchangeably referred to herein as parameters. Information indicating one or more of the parameters of the traffic is known by the UE, e.g. it may be carried in a header field from a higher layer. The information may relate to current and / or next and / or next certain number and / or later tokens or embeddings transmission unit (s) . The transmission unit may be, for example: packet or packet set or packet flow or packet flow set or PDU or PDU set or Qos flow or Qos flow set or TB or TB set or Slot or Slot set, etc.
[0118] The information indicating one or more parameters related to the tokens and / or embeddings that make up the traffic may be referred to as “traffic information” . There may be a lot of variations / possibilities in terms of the properties of the token and / or embedding traffic. Therefore, the traffic information may possibly indicate several possible different parameters.
[0119] In one example, the traffic information may comprise at least one of: · Whether tokens or embeddings are transmitted. · The transmitted type of tokens and / or embeddings. The type may indicate quality of service (QoS) requirement and / or traffic pattern associated with the tokens and / or embeddings. Different tokens or embeddings types may have different QoS requirements and / or traffic patterns. · The traffic model of tokens or embeddings. In one example, the model may include at least one of the following parameters: ○ Statistical traffic Model, which may define: · Arrival time, such as: · Periodic; and / or · Semi-persistent; and / or · Pure burst transmission. · Packet Size, such as: · Fixed packet size; and / or · Packet size with a certain distribution. ○ Deterministic traffic Model (by prediction or algorithm) , which may define: · The arrival time for each packet; and / or · The packet size for each packet. · Whether tokens or embeddings burst or stream are transmitted. · General Information for the Arrival time, for example: ○ The start timestamps of the current tokens or embeddings burst or stream; and / or ○ The end timestamps of the current tokens or embeddings burst or stream; and / or ○ The time gap to the start timestamps of the next tokens or embeddings burst or stream; and / or ○ The average time gap between different tokens or embeddings burst or stream; and / or ○ Parameters to show the distribution of the start timestamps of tokens or embeddings burst or streams. · General Information for the required UL resource, for example: ○ The number of remaining tokens or embeddings transmission units to transmit in a current tokens or embeddings burst or stream; and / or ○ The number of remaining tokens or embeddings transmission units to transmit in the next tokens or embeddings burst or stream; and / or ○ The average number of tokens or embeddings transmission units among different bursts or streams; and / or ○ Parameters to show the distribution of the number of tokens or embeddings transmission unit.
[0120] As can be seen from the above, many different possible parameters may be indicated by the UE to the network (e.g. to the base station) , allowing for many different types of embedding and / or token traffic having many different properties. The indication of the one or more parameters may allow for the network to better determine when and how to process the traffic and / or allocate uplink resources for the traffic. For example, with the development of new applications such as AaaS (artificial intelligence (AI) as a service) and sensing, token and embedding data flows may be generated from multiple application services. And then there would be a big difference in the data traffic for different token and embedding data flows, which may lead to a great difference in UL resource scheduling and configuration as well as UE power saving configuration. The network may be able to accommodate these differences because, for each token and / or embedding traffic flow from the UE, the network would have an indication of one or more parameters related to the traffic flow.
[0121] In some implementations, at least one of the following indication fields may be transmitted as part of or in relation to the token and embedding data flow: · The scheduling request (SR) if needed. In some implementations, the SR may be used for both token / embedding traffic and non-token / embedding traffic. · The Indication field indicating the token / embedding type to be transmitted. As explained above, the transmitted type of tokens and / or embeddings may be indicative of QoS requirement and / or traffic pattern associated with the tokens and / or embeddings. · New Indication field (s) for the traffic information of token / embedding to be transmitted, e.g. indication fields indicating, to the network, one or more parameters related to the tokens and / or embeddings that make up the traffic. · A buffer status report (BSR) report if needed.
[0122] In some implementations, the above indication fields (field groups) can be encoded jointly or separately.
[0123] In some implementations, for UL token and embedding transmission, an enhanced scheduling request mechanism (eSR is used later in this disclosure) is provided in both dynamic UL scheduling based transmission and grant-free based transmission. In some implementations, for grant-free based transmission, an eSR is not utilized, but an eBSR may be utilized.
[0124] In some implementations, the procedure of UL transmission based on eSR can be summarized as follows: (1) Dynamic UL scheduling based on eSR. An example of dynamic UL scheduling based on eSR is illustrated in FIG. 10. Data 622 arrives and is stored in a buffer (not shown) for uplink transmission to the base station. Therefore, the BSR is greater than zero, as shown at 624. The data is traffic comprising tokens and / or embeddings. An enhanced scheduling request (eSR) 626 is transmitted to the base station. As described above, the eSR may include an indication of one or more parameters of the token and / or embedding traffic, e.g. in new indication fields. The eSR may include other indications also, e.g. a SR that requests an allocation of uplink resources (see Table 3 as an example below) . In the illustrated example, the eSR also includes a SR, and in response the scheduler 628 at the base station grants an allocation of UL resources for transmission of the BSR and / or the token and / or embedding traffic. In response to the grant 630, the UE transmits the data (traffic) and the BSR. This process continues until the BSR is zero (i.e. no traffic left to transmit in the UL from the UE) , as indicated at 636, at which time the process ends. (2) Grant-free based transmission based on eSR. An example of grant-free UL transmission is illustrated in FIG. 11. The example in FIG. 11 follows Type 1 grant-free, but Type 2 grant-free could instead or also be implemented. Data 722 arrives and is stored in a buffer for uplink transmission to the base station. Therefore, the BSR is greater than zero, as shown at 724. The data is traffic comprising tokens and / or embeddings. An enhanced scheduling request (eSR) 726 is transmitted to the base station. As described above, the eSR may include an indication of one or more parameters of the token and / or embedding traffic, e.g. in new indication fields. The eSR 726 may include other indications also, e.g. a SR that requests an allocation of uplink resources. Alternatively, the eSR 726 might not include an SR, e.g. if token and / or embedding traffic flow is such that the UE does not need to transmit in the uplink right away (see Table 3 as an example below) . In the illustrated example, the eSR 726 indicates that uplink resources should be configured for uplink transmission of the traffic. The indication in the eSR 726 to allocate the uplink resources may be explicit, or it may be implicit from the indication of the one or more parameters. For example, based on the one or more parameters the network may be informed of or derive the traffic pattern and in response may conclude that grant-free uplink resources should be configured. In response to the eSR 726, RRC signaling 742 semi-statically configures UL resources for UL transmissions, shown in FIG. 11 as grant 744. At the time the configured UL resource becomes available to the UE, if there is token and / or embedding traffic in the buffer of the UE to send, as there is at 746, then that traffic is transmitted on the UL resource. If there is no such traffic in the buffer of the UE to send, as at 748, the nothing is transmitted on the UL resource.
[0125] In some implementations, the UL traffic indication indicating the one or more parameters related to the token and / or embedding traffic may be transmitted from the UE to the base station in different ways and / or via different layers. For example, to reduce the indication overhead, the following method may be used in the reporting of the traffic information (the one or more parameters) mentioned above: · Reported in different layers, such as in a physical layer (e.g. in a control or data or unified channel if any) , or via a MAC- CE in the MAC (like BSR) , etc. ; and / or · Predefine several types (e.g. several possible combinations of parameter values) , which may be reported as part of the UE capacity signaling, and then dynamically indicate which type for a current token / embedding transmission; and / or · Joint encoding to enable high efficiency reporting.
[0126] In some implementations, the traffic information mentioned above can be jointly encoded into several types, where typical values for each parameter are predefined. By “joint encoding” , it is meant that a same index (e.g. a same bit string value) signals a respective value for each of multiple items. That is, multiple different items are “jointly encoded” if a same index signals the value for each one of those multiple items. An example is a lookup table where each input value (an index) indicates multiple output values. For example, parameter 1, parameter 2, parameter 3, and parameter 4 are jointly encoded if the value of an index (e.g. the index “3” represented by the bit string “011” ) indicates a value for each of parameters 1 to 4. Different indices indicate different values for each of one or more of parameters 1 to 4. Said another way, each index is associated with a respective combination of values of the one or more parameters, and for different combinations associated with different indices, there is at least one parameter of the one or more parameters having different values.
[0127] Some examples of information indicating one or more parameters related to tokens and / or embeddings are provided below. The examples are each in the form of a table where each row in the table is represented by a unique index (e.g. bit string) that can be signaled, and each column in the table is a value of a particular item. Each table therefore represents a joint encoding of the columns of the table, although more generally each of the items in the table could be separately encoded. In each table below it is assumed that the values in each row are predefined or preconfigured, such that the UE just needs to transmit an index (e.g. a string of bits) that indicates the row number (the left most column) , and once the row number is known the network knows the corresponding values of that row.
[0128] A first example is Table 1 below. This table represents one example way in which to convey information indicating one or more parameters of the traffic comprising the tokens and / or embeddings. In the example, one of M different indices can be transmitted, each of which indicates a respective value for each of N different parameters. A bit string of log2M bits may be used to indicate which one of the M indices. For example, assume M=8, N=3, Para1 is “Whether tokens or embeddings are transmitted” , Para2 is “Traffic Model” , and Para3 is “Arrival time information” . The first row in the table “Traffic Type #1” (e.g. which may be signaled by the bit string “001” representing index “1” ) may indicate that: the Para1 value is “tokens are transmitted” , the Para2 value is “statistical traffic model” , and the Para3 value is “first token starts in 10 slots” . The second row in the table “Traffic Type #2” (e.g. which be signaled by the bit string “010” representing index “2” ) may indicate that: the Para1 value is “embeddings are transmitted” , the Para2 value is “deterministic traffic model” , and the Para3 value is “first token starts in 100 slots” . Et cetera. Table 1
[0129] In some implementations, the parameters for the traffic information can also be clarified into several subgroup, where the parameters are relative to each other and can be joint encoded with high efficiency. An example is shown in Table 2 below. In the example, there are Q subgroups (e.g., Q=2) and each for each subgroup, there are S1 parameters to be indicated via indication value (index) of the resepective subgroup. For example, a first index may indicate the subgroup, e.g. subgroup 1 is “statistical traffic model” and subgroup 2 is “deterministic traffic model” . One or more additional indices may then indicate possible combinations of the S1 parameter values. For example, a bit string of log2M1 bits may be used to signal one of M1 possible different indices, where each index indicates a respective combination of parameter values Para1 to ParaS1 for subgroup 1. Similarly, a bit string of log2MQ bits may be used to signal one of MQ possible different indices, where each index indicates a respective combination of parameter values Para1 to ParaSQ for subgroup Q. Please note that the S1 and SQ may be the same, or they may be different. Table 2
[0130] In some implementations, the information may also include information relating to a scheduling request (SR) . For example, an eSR may be transmitted. In some implementations, the signaling of a SR may be explicit. For example, scheduling request (SR) signaling and the Indication field for token / embedding type can be jointly encoded. The indication of token / embedding type is an example of a parameter of the traffic. It indicates the type of token and / or embedding, which may define QoS requirements and / or the traffic pattern. An example is shown in Table 3 in which an index may indicate both whether a SR is indicated and the token / embedding type. There are T token / embedding types predefined, and for each token / embedding type an SR might or might not also be indicated. Each row in the table (i.e. each unique index) indicates the token / embedding type and whether or nor a SR is indicated. Table 3
[0131] In Table 3 above, the information might indicate that a SR is not being sent, e.g. as is the case for the first row where SR=0 means no SR. It is not always necessary for the eSR to include an SR, e.g. if the token / embedding type is such that an uplink resource for transmitting the token / embedding traffic is not needed at that time (e.g. maybe the traffic has a traffic model and / or QoS such that it does not need a dedicated uplink grant right away) .
[0132] In some implementations, the scheduling request signaling or / and the indication field that indicates token / embedding type can be jointly encoded with the Traffic type indication field (indicating one or more other parameters of the taffic) , or separately encoded. A few examples are shown in Tables 4, 4A, and 5 below. In Table 4, log2P1 bits may be used to signal one of P1 different combinations of token / embedding type and parameter values. That is, the row number index may be transmitted, which the network maps to a particular token / embedding type and a particular combination of N parameter values. In Table 4A, each row indicates whether or not a scheduling request is being made and a particular combination of N parameter values. In Table 5, each row indicates whether or not a scheduling request is being made, and a particular token / embedding type and a particular combination of N parameter values. Table 4 Table 4A Table 5
[0133] In some implementations, the SR and / or the Indication field that indicates the token / embedding type can be implicitly indicated by the Traffic type indication field. In the context of an eSR, this may be referred to as implicit eSR signaling.
[0134] For example, if the Traffic type indication field is presented, SR is taken to be sent. An example is shown in Table 6, where in each row the value of the SR column is always “1” . In Table 6, each row indicates a particular combination of N parameter values and also indicates a SR. When the SR is implicit, as in Table 6, overhead may be saved because only log2M bits is needed to uniquely indicate a row, rather than 2 times log2M bits if the SR had to be explicitly indicated as either included or not included. Table 6
[0135] In other examples, if some values of Traffic type are indicated, an SR or certain token / embedding type is taken to be sent. For example, in Table 7 below, if the traffic type index is between 1 and L (i.e. one the first L rows of the table) , then a SR is indicated along with a particular combination of N parameters. If the traffic type index is instead between L+1 and M, then a SR is not indicated, just a particular combination of N parameters. In Table 8 below, each row indicates a particular combination of N parameters, but depending upon the traffic type index (the row number) a particular token / embedding type is indicated. Table 7 Table 8
[0136] In some implementations, the information might also act as buffer status report (BSR) reporting, e.g. it might also indicate a BSR. In a 5G system, a BSR is the indicator for the size of remaining data to send, and it is transmitted in the format of MAC-CE. As mentioned above, the size of remaining data to send can be derived from traffic information indication in some cases. In some implementations, herein, the BSR may be sent along with (e.g. jointly encoded with) an indication of one or more parameters of the traffic. The jointly encoded format may be referred to as an “enhanced BSR” (eBSR) . In such implementations, the BSR value need not necessarily be sent in MAC-CE, e.g. it might be indicated in UCI in the physical layer along with an indication of one or more parameters.
[0137] In some implementations, the BSR may be explicitly indicated, which may be referred to as explicit BSR reporting.
[0138] In some implementations, the BSR signaling and the Indication field that indicates the token / embedding type can be joint encoded. An example is indicated in Table 9 below. log2T bits may be used to uniquely indicate a row index. Each row indicates a particular BSR value and a particular token / embedding type. Depending upon both the BSR for the traffic and the token / embedding type of the traffic, the UE signals the corresponding row number index in Table 9. Table 9
[0139] In some implementations of Table 9, each BSR value may be a value represesntative of a range, e.g. #value1 may indicate that the UE has between 0 to 100 bytes in its buffer, #value2 may indicate that the UE has betweeen 101 to 200 bytes in its buffer, etc., such that the UE selects the appropriate value (signals the appropriate row) dependent upon the range the quanity of bytes in the buffer is within.
[0140] In some implementations, BSR signaling or / and the Indication field that indicates the token / embedding type can be jointly encoded with the Traffic type indication field or separately encoded. Table 10 is an example in which each row indicates a particular BSR value and a particuar combination of N parameter values. Table 11 is an example in which each row indicates a particular BSR value, a particular token / embedding type, and a combination of N parameter values. Although not directly shown in Tables 10 and 11, there may be two or more rows where the combination of N parameters is the same in each of those rows but the BSR value is different. Table 10 Table 11
[0141] Note that, although not shown, in a variation Table 10 and / or Table 11 may have an additional column indicating a SR or indicating whether or not a SR is also being indicated. However, an SR column is not shown in the examples in which a BSR value is indicated because it is assumed in these examples that a SR is not needed and / or was previously indicated, e.g. in an eSR.
[0142] In some implementations, the BSR can be implicitly indicated by the Traffic information indication field, which may be referred to as implicit BSR reporting. Table 12 illustrates an example in which each row indicates a particular combination of N parameters, and this particular combination of N parameters also implicitly indicates a particular BSR value or range. When the BSR is implicit, overhead may be saved because only enough bits are needed to uniquely indicate the combination of N parameters, not an extra bit needed to also signal a BSR value or range. Table 12
[0143] Note that in some implementations, an eBSR might be transmitted by the UE subsequent to transmitting an eSR, in which case information already included in the eSR (e.g. traffic information indicating one or more parameters) does not need to be included in the eBSR.
[0144] Example ways to indicate the traffic information will now be discussed.
[0145] In some implementations, the traffic information may be transmitted in a physical layer channel. For example, to indicate the traffic information to the radio access (AN) node dynamically, the indication field can be sent in one or more of the following physical channels. (1) Devoted or unified UL physical channel, which may be a new physical channel; and / or (2) legacy UCI channel with options, e.g. : · Short PUCCH · Long PUCCH · PUSCH · Short PUCCH + Long PUCCH · Short PUCCH + PUSCH · Short PUCCH + long PUCCH + PUSCH
[0146] If one or more methods are supported at the same time, certain RRC / MAC-CE signaling can be configured to indicate which method is employed currently.
[0147] The short / long PUCCH refers to the PUCCH formats with considerable small / large payload size (such as format 0, 2 with occupying up to 2 OFDM symbols for short PUCCH and format 1, 3, 4 occupying 4~14 OFDM symbols for long PUCCH in 5G) .
[0148] The above indication method can be applied directly for the case of Devoted or unified UL physical channel, Short PUCCH, Long PUCCH and PUSCH.
[0149] In some implementations, for the case of Short PUCCH + long PUCCH / PUSCH / Devoted or unified UL physical channel, the traffic information indication can be divided into two categories, of which one is for basic indication and another is for enhanced indication. The indication in long PUCCH / PUSCH / Devoted or unified UL physical channel can be optional, which can be activated to be present / absent by RRC / MAC-CE.
[0150] An example of a basic indication and an enhanced indication is as follows. It might be the case that the number of bits required to indicate a row in one of the Tables above cannot fit in an allocated short PUCCH. Therefore, the UE may transmit just the SR and / or just the embedding / token type in the short PUCCH, and follow up with an indication of the parameters in a follow-up transmission, e.g. in a long PUCCH or in a PUSCH. The indication of just the SR and / or just the embedding / token type in the short PUCCH is an example of a basic indication, and the indication of the parameters in the follow-up transmission is an example of an enhanced indication. More generally, there may be a first transmission providing first information represented by fewer bits (the basic indication) and a second transmission providing additional information represented by additional and / or more bits (the enhanced indication) . One portion of the total information (e.g. only the first information) may be transmitted in the PUCCH according to a PUCCH format. Another portion of the total information (e.g. the remaining information) may be transmitted in another transmission in the PUCCH or in a PUSCH.
[0151] In some implementations, for the case of Short PUCCH + long PUCCH / PUSCH / Devoted or unified UL physical channel, the field sent in short PUCCH can be used to indicate: · The basic traffic information indication; or · The position of time-frequency-spatial resource used by the long PUCCH / PUSCH / Devoted or unified UL physical channel; or · The basic traffic information indication as well as the position of time-frequency-spatial resource used by long PUCCH / PUSCH / Devoted or unified UL physical channel.
[0152] In some implementations, the field sent in short PUCCH can be jointly encoded with SR and / or the Indication field for token / embedding type.
[0153] In some implementations, for the case of Short PUCCH + long PUCCH + PUSCH, the traffic information indication can be divided into three categories, of which the first one is for basic indication, the second one is for enhanced indication and the third one is for the accurate indication. The indication in long PUCCH / PUSCH or PUSCH can be optional, which can be activated to be present / absent by RRC / MAC-CE. The field sent in short PUCCH can be jointly encoded with SR and / or the Indication field for token / embedding type.
[0154] FIG. 12 illustrates two apparatuses 310 and 320, according to some implementations of the present disclosure. The apparatuses 310 and 320 may be used to perform one or more of the operations described herein. Apparatus 320 is a network device that is part of a network, e.g. part of RAN 120 described earlier. For example, apparatus 320 may be a TRP. Apparatus 310 is a device communicating with the network. For example, apparatus 310 may be a UE.
[0155] Stippled box 802 illustrates example structures for the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may be a UE or other device and include a transmitter / receiver (possibly integrated as a transceiver) and a processor and memory. For example, the apparatus 310 may be as implemented in FIG. 3 and include transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, and memory 208 described earlier. However, in other implementations, the apparatus 310 may instead be a component (e.g. a chip or chipset in a device) that does not include a transmitter / receiver, but perhaps just processor and memory, e.g. processor 210 and memory 208. The chip may include at least one pin to interface with other components outside the chip, e.g. to interface with a transceiver. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may be circuitry (e.g. specialized or dedicated circuitry) such as an ASIC 812, or perhaps instead an FPGA or GPU or the like. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may comprise units or modules 814 for performing the methods of the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include means for performing the methods of the apparatus 310.
[0156] Similarly, stippled box 804 illustrates example structures for apparatus 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may be a network device, such as a TRP (e.g. a T-TRP or a NT-TRP) and include a transmitter / receiver (possibly integrated as a transceiver) and a processor and memory. For example, the apparatus 320 may be apparatus 320 of FIG. 3, in which case apparatus 320 may include transmitter 252 / receiver 254 and processor 260 / memory 258 described earlier. However, in other implementations, the apparatus 320 may instead be a component (e.g. a chip or chipset in a device) that does not include a transmitter / receiver, but perhaps just processor and memory, e.g. processor 260 and memory 258. The chip may include at least one pin to interface with other components outside the chip, e.g. to interface with a transceiver. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may be circuitry (e.g. specialized or dedicated circuitry) such as an ASIC 852, or perhaps instead an FPGA or GPU or the like. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may comprise units or modules 854 for performing the methods of the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include means for performing the methods of the apparatus 320.
[0157] FIG. 13 illustrates a method performed by the apparatus 310 (e.g. a UE) and the apparatus 320 (e.g. a network device, such as a TRP) , according to some implementations.
[0158] At step 902, the apparatus 310 transmits information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data. The representation of the data may be tokens and / or embeddings. For example, traffic comprising tokens and / or embedding may originate from an application on the apparatus 310. That traffic has one or more parameters, which relate to the tokens and / or embeddings. An indication of the one or more parameters may be transmitted in step 902.
[0159] In some implementations, the one or more parameters may include at least one of: an indication of whether the representation of the data comprises tokens or embeddings; an indication of type of the tokens or the embeddings; traffic model information associated with the representation of the data; an indication of whether the representation of the data is transmitted in a burst or a stream; arrival time information associated with the representation of the data; or information related to uplink resource requirements associated with the representation of the data. In some implementations, the type of the tokens or the embeddings may indicate QoS requirement and / or traffic pattern associated with the tokens or the embeddings.
[0160] An example of information indicating one or more parameters is an index in the left-hand column of any one of Tables 1 to 12 discussed above. The index (which may be represented by a unique bit string) identifies a particular combination of one or more parameters. The particular combination of parameters may be jointly encoded. For example, the information may comprise an index, where the index is one of a plurality of indices, and each of the plurality of indices is associated with a respective combination of values of the one or more parameters. For different combinations associated with different indices, there may be at least one parameter of the one or more parameters having different values. For example, in Table 1 there are M indices, and each of the M indices is associated with a respective combination of N parameter values. For different combinations of N parameter values associated with different indices, there may be at least one parameter having a different value. For example, parameter values #value1_1 to #value1_N associated with index #1 in Table 1 has at least one parameter value that is different from parameter values #valueM_1 to #valueM_N associated with index #M in Table 1.
[0161] In some implementations, the information transmitted in step 902, further indicates a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data. For example, the index in the left-hand column in Table 3 (which is an example of the information) may indicate a scheduling request. As another example, the index in the left-hand column in Table 9 (which is an example of the information) may indicate a buffer status report. These are examples in which the scheduling request and buffer status report are explicitly indicated.
[0162] In some implementations, at least one of the one or more parameters indicated by the information transmitted in step 902 may indicate a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data. This is an example of implicit signaling. For example, the index in the left-hand column in Table 6 (which is an example of the information) may indicate a particular combination of parameters, and that particular combination of parameters means that a scheduling request is also indicated. As another example, the index in the left-hand column in Table 12 (which is an example of the information) may indicate a particular combination of parameters, and that particular combination of parameters means that a particular buffer status report value or range is also indicated.
[0163] In some implementations, the information transmitted in step 902 may indicate a scheduling request for an uplink resource allocation related to the representation of the data, either explicitly or implicitly. In some implementations, the information transmitted in step 902 may indicate whether or not a scheduling request is being made for an uplink resource allocation related to the representation of the data. An example is Table 3 above where the left-hand column index (an example of the information) indicates whether or not a scheduling request is being made, as per the middle column of Table 3.
[0164] In some implementations, the information transmitted in step 902 may explicitly or implicitly indicate the parameter specifying the type of tokens or embeddings, e.g. as is the case in Tables 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, and 11 above. The type may indicate QoS requirement and / or traffic pattern associated with the tokens or embeddings.
[0165] In some implementations, the information transmitted in step 902 may explicitly or implicitly indicate a buffer status report indicative of an amount of the representation of the data in a buffer waiting to be transmitted by the apparatus 310. An example is Tables 9-12 above.
[0166] In some implementations, the information transmitted in step 902 may explicitly or implicitly indicate both a buffer status report and type of tokens or embeddings. An example is Tables 9 and 11 above.
[0167] At step 904 of FIG. 13, the apparatus 320 receives the information that was transmitted at step 902.
[0168] At step 906, the apparatus 310 transmits the representation of the data, e.g. by transmitting traffic comprising the representation of the data. This traffic may originate from an application on the apparatus.
[0169] At step 908, the apparatus 320 receives the representation of the data.
[0170] In some implementations, that transmitted in steps 902 and 906 may be transmitted in or as part of the same transmission, in which case that received in steps 904 and 908 may be received in or as part of the same transmission. In other implementations, step 906 may occur after step 902 such that they occur in different transmissions, in which case that received in steps 904 and 908 is received in different transmissions.
[0171] In some implementations, the representation of data that is transmitted in step 906 and received in step 908 is transmitted / received on uplink resources. In some implementations, at least some of the uplink resources are allocated based on at least one of the one or more parameters. In some implementations, the method of FIG. 13 may further comprise the apparatus 320 transmitting (and the apparatus 310 receiving) an uplink resource allocation indicating the uplink resources. In some implementations, the method of FIG. 13 may include the apparatus 320 transmitting (and the apparatus 310 receiving) an uplink resource allocation, where the uplink resource allocation is based on at least one of the one or more parameters indicated in the information. In some implementations, the at least some of the representation of the data received at step 908 may be received on an uplink resource indicated in the uplink resource allocation. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may transmit an uplink resource allocation responsive to the apparatus 320 receiving (at step 904) the information indicating the one or more parameters. Therefore, in some implementations, the apparatus 310 may receive the uplink resource allocation responsive to the apparatus 310 transmitting (at step 902) the information indicating the one or more parameters.
[0172] In some implementations, at least some of the information transmitted at step 902 and received at step 904 is transmitted in a PUCCH. In some implementations, one portion of the information may be transmitted in the PUCCH at step 902 (and received in the PUCCH at step 904) according to a PUCCH format. In some implementations, another portion of the information may be transmitted at step 902 (and received at step 904) in another transmission in the PUCCH or in a PUSCH. Example ways to transmit the information are discussed earlier (e.g. devoted or unified UL physical channel, legacy UCI channel, short PUCCH, long PUCCH, PUSCH, Short PUCCH + Long PUCCH, Short PUCCH + PUSCH, Short PUCCH + long PUCCH + PUSCH, etc. ) and any of these example ways are possible in the method of FIG. 13.
[0173] In the method of FIG. 13, the representation of the data may comprise tokens and / or embeddings. For example, the apparatus 310 may generate tokens by performing tokenization of at least some of the data, and / or the apparatus 310 may generate embeddings by embedding at least some of the data. The traffic to be transmitted by the apparatus 310 may comprise the generated tokens and / or embeddings. However, more generally the representation of the data does not have to be tokens and / or embeddings, but can be anything that is representative of underlying data.
[0174] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0175] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0176] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0177] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0178] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0179] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0180] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0181] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0182] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0183] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A method comprising:transmitting, to a network device, information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data; andtransmitting, to the network device, the representation of the data.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the representation of the data comprises tokens and / or embeddings that represent the data.3.The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of:an indication of whether the representation of the data comprises tokens or embeddings;an indication of type of the tokens or the embeddings, wherein the type indicates quality of service (QoS) requirement and / or traffic pattern associated with the tokens or the embeddings;traffic model information associated with the representation of the data;an indication of whether the representation of the data is transmitted in a burst or a stream;arrival time information associated with the representation of the data; orinformation related to uplink resource requirements associated with the representation of the data.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the information comprises an index, wherein the index is one of a plurality of indices, each of the plurality of indices is associated with a respective combination of values of the one or more parameters, and for different combinations associated with different indices, there is at least one parameter of the one or more parameters having different values.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the information further indicates a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one of the one or more parameters indicates a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the representation of the data is transmitted on uplink resources, and wherein at least some of the uplink resources are allocated based on at least one of the one or more parameters.8.The method of claim 7, further comprising receiving an uplink resource allocation indicating the uplink resources.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising generating the representation of the data by performing tokenization of at least some of the data and / or by embedding at least some of the data.10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein transmitting the information comprises transmitting at least some of the information in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) .11.The method of claim 10, wherein the at least some of the information is transmitted in the PUCCH according to a PUCCH format, and wherein another portion of the information is transmitted in another transmission in the PUCCH or in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) .12.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; anda memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to:transmit information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data; andtransmit the representation of the data.13.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the representation of the data comprises tokens and / or embeddings that represent the data.14.The apparatus of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of:an indication of whether the representation of the data comprises tokens or embeddings;an indication of type of the tokens or the embeddings, wherein the type indicates quality of service (QoS) requirement and / or traffic pattern associated with the tokens or the embeddings;traffic model information associated with the representation of the data;an indication of whether the representation of the data is transmitted in a burst or a stream;arrival time information associated with the representation of the data; orinformation related to uplink resource requirements associated with the representation of the data.15.The apparatus of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the information comprises an index, wherein the index is one of a plurality of indices, each of the plurality of indices is associated with a respective combination of values of the one or more parameters, and for different combinations associated with different indices, there is at least one parameter of the one or more parameters having different values.16.The apparatus of any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the information further indicates a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.17.The apparatus of any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein at least one of the one or more parameters indicates a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.18.The apparatus of any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the representation of the data is transmitted on uplink resources, and wherein at least some of the uplink resources are allocated based on at least one of the one or more parameters.19.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the apparatus to receive an uplink resource allocation indicating the uplink resources.20.The apparatus of any one of claims 12 to 19, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the apparatus to generate the representation of the data by performing tokenization of at least some of the data and / or by embedding at least some of the data.21.The apparatus of any one of claims 12 to 20, wherein transmitting the information comprises transmitting at least some of the information in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) .22.The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at least some of the information is transmitted in the PUCCH according to a PUCCH format, and wherein another portion of the information is transmitted in another transmission in the PUCCH or in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) .23.A method comprising:receiving, from a user equipment (UE) , information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data; andreceiving, from the UE, the representation of the data.24.The method of claim 23, further comprising:transmitting, to the UE, an uplink resource allocation, the uplink resource allocation based on at least one of the one or more parameters; andreceiving at least some of the representation of the data on an uplink resource indicated in the uplink resource allocation.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the transmitting the uplink resource allocation is responsive to receiving the information indicating the one or more parameters.26.The method of any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the representation of the data comprises tokens and / or embeddings that represent the data.27.The method of any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of:an indication of whether the representation of the data comprises tokens or embeddings;an indication of type of the tokens or the embeddings, wherein the type indicates quality of service (QoS) requirement and / or traffic pattern associated with the tokens or the embeddings;traffic model information associated with the representation of the data;an indication of whether the representation of the data is transmitted in a burst or a stream;arrival time information associated with the representation of the data; orinformation related to uplink resource requirements associated with the representation of the data.28.The method of any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein the information comprises an index, wherein the index is one of a plurality of indices, each of the plurality of indices is associated with a respective combination of values of the one or more parameters, and for different combinations associated with different indices, there is at least one parameter of the one or more parameters having different values.29.The method of any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein the information further indicates a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.30.The method of any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein at least one of the one or more parameters indicates a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.31.The method of any one of claims 23 to 30, wherein receiving the information comprises receiving at least some of the information in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) .32.The method of claim 31, wherein the at least some of the information is received in the PUCCH according to a PUCCH format, and wherein another portion of the information is received in another transmission in the PUCCH or in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) .33.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; anda memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to:receive information indicating one or more parameters related to a representation of data; andreceive the representation of the data.34.The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the apparatus to:transmit, to the UE, an uplink resource allocation, the uplink resource allocation based on at least one of the one or more parameters; andreceive at least some of the representation of the data on an uplink resource indicated in the uplink resource allocation.35.The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the uplink resource allocation is transmitted responsive to receiving the information indicating the one or more parameters.36.The apparatus of any one of claims 33 to 35, wherein the representation of the data comprises tokens and / or embeddings that represent the data.37.The apparatus of any one of claims 33 to 36, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of:an indication of whether the representation of the data comprises tokens or embeddings;an indication of type of the tokens or the embeddings, wherein the type indicates quality of service (QoS) requirement and / or traffic pattern associated with the tokens or the embeddings;traffic model information associated with the representation of the data;an indication of whether the representation of the data is transmitted in a burst or a stream;arrival time information associated with the representation of the data; orinformation related to uplink resource requirements associated with the representation of the data.38.The apparatus of any one of claims 33 to 37, wherein the information comprises an index, wherein the index is one of a plurality of indices, each of the plurality of indices is associated with a respective combination of values of the one or more parameters, and for different combinations associated with different indices, there is at least one parameter of the one or more parameters having different values.39.The apparatus of any one of claims 33 to 38, wherein the information further indicates a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.40.The apparatus of any one of claims 33 to 38, wherein at least one of the one or more parameters indicates a scheduling request and / or a buffer status report associated with the representation of the data.41.The apparatus of any one of claims 33 to 40, wherein at least some of the information is received in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) .42.The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the at least some of the information is received in the PUCCH according to a PUCCH format, and wherein another portion of the information is received in another transmission in the PUCCH or in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) .43.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; anda memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 11 or any one of claims 23 to 32.44.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 11 or any one of claims 23 to 32.45.A computer program product storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 11 or any one of claims 23 to 32.