Switching gap location for carrier aggregation via switching
By using control signaling and time domain resource allocations to manage carrier switching gaps, the solution addresses transmission disruptions in carrier aggregation, ensuring uninterrupted communication quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-18
AI Technical Summary
Carrier switching gaps during carrier aggregation in wireless communications systems cause disruptions in downlink and uplink transmissions, particularly in low-band carrier aggregation scenarios, leading to inefficiencies and potential data loss due to retuning delays.
A UE determines carrier switching gaps based on indicators in control signaling or time domain resource allocations, retuning its radio frequency within specific periods to minimize transmission impacts, ensuring seamless carrier switching without data loss.
The solution ensures uninterrupted downlink and uplink transmissions by accurately determining and managing carrier switching gaps, maintaining communication quality during carrier switching.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025093788_18062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SWITCHING GAP LOCATION FOR CARRIER AGGREGATION VIA SWITCHINGTECHNICAL FIELDThe present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to user equipment (UE) , base station and methods for supporting carrier aggregation (CA) via carrier switching.BACKGROUNDA wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as UE, or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .Operator interest for aggregating low band spectrum has always been high during the entire history of the carrier aggregation feature, spanning long-term evolution (LTE) and new radio (NR) specifications. Considering the practicalities of handset radio frequency (RF) front end architectures available in the market today, the operators have requested the third generation partnership project (3GPP) to consider specifying a solution based on a switching scheme which can potentially accommodate the related limitations.SUMMARYThe present disclosure relates to UE, base station and methods that support CA via carrier switching. With the present disclosure, the DL transmission or UL transmission will not be impacted due to the presence of the carrier switching gap during the carrier switching.Some implementations of a UE described herein may include a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: determine to perform carrier switching from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern; receive a first downlink (DL) transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled by a first DL control signaling; determine whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on at least one of the following: an indicator in the first DL control signaling, or time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier; retune radio frequency (RF) within a period of the carrier switching gap at an end of the first slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, or retune the RF within the period of the carrier switching gap at a start of the second slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier; and perform uplink (UL) transmission or reception of a second DL transmission on the second carrier.In some implementations, the indicator set to a first predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, and the indicator set to a second predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier.In some implementations, the indicator set to a third predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on a source carrier before the carrier switching is performed, and the indicator set to a fourth predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on a target carrier after the carrier switching is performed.In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the time domain resource allocations by one of the following: based on determining that time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot, determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier; based on determining that a search space configuration on the second carrier comprises a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier; based on determining that the time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier comprises the first number of symbols at the end of the first slot and that time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier does not comprise the second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier; and based on determining that time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise the first number of symbols at the end of the first slot and that the time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier comprises the second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier.In some implementations, the indicator indicates a first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier. In such implementations, the processor is configured to determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the indicator and the time domain resource allocations.In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the indicator and the time domain resource allocations by: determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier based on determining the following: time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot; time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier comprises a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot; and the first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier is smaller than a second priority index of the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier.In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the indicator and the time domain resource allocations by: determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier based on determining the following: time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier comprises a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot; time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier does not comprise a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot; and the first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier is larger than a second priority index of the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier.Some implementations of a base station described herein may include a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to:determine carrier switching is to be performed by a UE from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern; perform a first DL transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled to the UE by a first DL control signaling, the first DL control signaling comprises an indicator for the UE to determine whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier; and receive UL transmission from the UE on the second carrier or perform a second DL transmission to the UE on the second carrier.In some implementations, the indicator set to a first predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, and the indicator set to a second predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier.In some implementations, the indicator set to a third predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on a source carrier before the carrier switching is performed, and the indicator set to a fourth predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on a target carrier after the carrier switching is performed.In some implementations, time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot, and the indicator indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier.In some implementations, a search space configuration on the second carrier comprises a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, and the indicator indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier.In some implementations, the time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier comprises the first number of symbols at the end of the first slot, time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier does not comprise the second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, and the indicator indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier.In some implementations, the time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise the first number of symbols at the end of the first slot, the time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier comprises the second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, and the indicator indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier.In some implementations, the indicator indicates a priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier.Some implementations of a method described herein may include: determining to perform carrier switching from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern; receiving a first DL transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled by a first DL control signaling; determining whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on at least one of the following: an indicator in the first DL control signaling, or time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier; retuning RF within a period of the carrier switching gap at an end of the first slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, or retuning the RF within the period of the carrier switching gap at a start of the second slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier; and performing UL transmission or reception of a second DL transmission on the second carrier.Some implementations of a method described herein may include: determining carrier switching is to be performed by a UE from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern; performing a first DL transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled to the UE by a first DL control signaling, the first DL control signaling comprises an indicator for the UE to determining whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier; and receiving UL transmission from the UE on the second carrier or performing a second DL transmission to the UE on the second carrier.Some implementations of a processor described herein may include at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: determine to perform carrier switching from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern; receiving a first DL transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled by a first DL control signaling; determine whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on at least one of the following: an indicator in the first DL control signaling, or time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier; retune RF within a period of the carrier switching gap at an end of the first slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, or retune the RF within the period of the carrier switching gap at a start of the second slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier; and perform UL transmission or reception of a second DL transmission on the second carrier.It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports CA via carrier switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;Fig. 2 illustrates an example of low band CA combination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;Fig. 3 illustrates an example of carrier switching between two carriers in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;Figs. 4A, 4B and 4C illustrate an example of carrier switching between two carriers in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively;Fig. 5 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports CA via carrier switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a device that supports CA via carrier switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a processor that supports CA via carrier switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; andFigs. 8 and 9 illustrate a flowchart of a method that supports CA via carrier switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONPrinciples of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described less than or equal to.In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports CA via carrier switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one at least one of network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more terminal devices or UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.The network entities 102 may be collectively referred to as network entities 102 or individually referred to as a network entity 102.The network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station (BS) , a network element, a radio access network (RAN) node, a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface. The network entities 102 may be collectively referred to as network entities 102 or individually referred to as a network entity 102. Hereinafter, some implementations of the present disclosure will be described by taking a base station as an example of the network entity 102. Thus, the network entity 102 may be used interchangeably with the base station 102.A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an internet-of-everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in Fig. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (510 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.As described above, operator interest for aggregating low band spectrum has always been high during the entire history of the carrier aggregation feature. A group of operators have submitted a contribution motivating this proposal with the following problem statement. For example, operators possess an abundance of mid-band spectrum (~300 MHz) which is effective closer to sites. Nevertheless, their low-band spectrum (15 MHz) , which propagates farther, is limited. As UEs move between sites (urban and rural) , they are spending more time in low-band coverage. Low-band carries significant traffic volumes in urban and rural. UEs spend 15%of their day on average in urban low-bands, and 50%in rural low-bands. Low-band capacity challenge has a huge impact on customer experience. Users will experience poor data speeds due to low-band congestion. Low-Low band CA is one way of solving this problem, however original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have challenges to support low-low band CA and this ecosystem does not exist. Band 29 is widely deployed in some operators’ network and is underutilized.An operator-suggested scenario involves the aggregation of band n5 with band n29. From the duplexer design perspective, the frequency separation between the bands does not pose a feasibility challenge in general. However, the large fractional bandwidth carries additional implementation challenges for smartphones from the antenna design perspective. If the OEM chooses to implement a single antenna to aggregate these bands, then some tuning solution might become necessary to optimize performance. Optimization for both bands simultaneously can be challenging due to their separation in frequency. A potential design choice to implement additional antenna elements to support these combinations may carry cost and RF architecture complexity impacts in terms of additional components and volume in the form factor. Although the band combination is already specified in TS38.101-1, this practical implementation challenge may pose a barrier for the combination’s adoption in a wide range of devices.An enhancement of the 3GPP specification is needed to enable the following solution. Device needs to support switching. For example, when secondary cell (SCell) operation is triggered, a UE needs to switch to the SCell, and during the operation period there is no simultaneous transmission and reception between a primary cell (PCell) and the SCell. Device switches back to the PCell after the SCell operation is finishedFig. 2 illustrates an example of low band CA combination of band n5 and band n29 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2, band n5 and band n29 are aggregated for a UE. Band n5 is frequency division duplexing (FDD) band which can be used for DL transmission and UL transmission. Band n29 is a DL only band, i.e., supplementary DL (SDL) band, which can be used only for DL transmission. The problem is band n29 cannot be paired with the UL of band n5 because band n29 is too close to the UL of band n5 so that both bands cannot be separated by filters in frequency domain. In addition, UE vendors choose a single antenna to aggregate band n29 and band n5, which implies that both band n5 and band n29 cannot be activated simultaneously. In that sense, the UE 104 has to switch between band n5 and band n29 back and forth with consideration of switching delay for each carrier switching.For the UE 104 configured with low band CA via switching, a carrier switching pattern may be configured via RRC signaling for the UE 104. The carrier switching pattern indicates the UE 104 to tune its RF between two carriers, i.e., Carrier 1 and Carrier 2, where Carrier 1 is FDD carrier with paired UL and DL band while Carrier 2 is DL-only carrier. Carrier 1 is configured as Cell 1 and Carrier 2 is configured as a DL-only cell, i.e., Cell 2. Hence, Cell 1 is further configured as PCell while Cell 2 is further configured as SCell. The hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) feedback for DL transmissions on both carriers is only transmitted on the UL band of Cell 1.There are two cases for the UE 104 to work on such band combination.In Case 1, when the UE 104 switches to Carrier 1, the UE 104 receives DL transmissions only on Cell 1 and transmits UL transmissions only on Cell 1. The UE 104 does not monitor any DL transmissions on Cell 2 or transmit anything on Cell 2.In Case 2, when the UE 104 switches to Carrier 2, the UE 104 receives DL transmissions only on Cell 2. The UE 104 does not monitor any DL transmissions on Cell 1 or transmit anything on Cell 1.Based on above design principle, a semi-static carrier switching pattern is illustrated in Fig. 3 as one example for indicating the UE 104 to switch between the two carriers back and forth. As shown in Fig. 3, within 10ms, the first six consecutive slots from slot 0 to slot 5 are indicated by the carrier switching pattern and assigned for Carrier 1 while the other four consecutive slots from slot 6 to slot 9 are indicated by the carrier switching pattern and assigned for Carrier 2. The carrier switching pattern may be repeated multiple times within a configured periodicity of 40ms, 80ms or 160ms. The UE 104 and the base station 102 transmit / receive on the corresponding carrier based on the indicated carrier switching pattern.However, the DL transmission or UL transmission may be impacted due to the presence of a carrier switching gap during carrier switching from Carrier 1 for DL to Carrier 2 for DL, from Carrier 2 for DL to Carrier 1 for DL, or from Carrier 2 for DL to Carrier 1 for UL. The carrier switching gap between the two carriers may be 35us, 140us, or other values. For 15kHz subcarrier spacing (SCS) , 35us corresponds to a half symbol and 140us corresponds to two symbols.Figs. 4A, 4B and 4C illustrate an example of carrier switching between two carriers in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively.In the example of Fig. 4A, it is assumed that one symbol is required to accommodate a carrier switching gap between Carrier 1 and Carrier 2. The UE 104 switches from Carrier 1 for DL in slot n to Carrier 2 for DL in slot n+1.If the switching gap is located on Carrier 1 for DL, the UE 104 may miss the last symbol of the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission on Carrier 1 because the UE 104 retunes its RF within the duration of the last symbol. Hence, the UE 104 may not correctly decode the PDSCH on Carrier 1 without the data on the last symbol so that the DL transmission on Carrier 1 is impacted.If the switching gap is located on Carrier 2 for DL, the UE 104 may miss the first symbol of the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission on Carrier 2 because the UE 104 retunes its RF within the duration of the first symbol. Hence, the UE 104 may not correctly decode the PDCCH transmission on Carrier 2 without the data on the first symbol and then miss the scheduled PDSCH transmission on Carrier 2 so that the DL transmission on Carrier 2 is impacted.In the example of Fig. 4B, it is assumed that one symbol is required to accommodate a carrier switching gap between Carrier 1 and Carrier 2. The UE 104 switches from Carrier 2 for DL in slot m to Carrier 1 for DL in slot m+1.If the switching gap is located on Carrier 2 for DL, the UE 104 may miss the last symbol of the PDSCH transmission on Carrier 2 because the UE 104 retunes its RF within the duration of the last symbol. Hence, the UE 104 may not correctly decode the PDSCH on Carrier 2 without the data on the last symbol so that the DL transmission on Carrier 2 is impacted.If the switching gap is located on Carrier 1 for DL, the UE 104 may miss the first symbol of the PDCCH transmission on Carrier 1 because the UE 104 retunes its RF within the duration of the first symbol. Hence, the UE 104 may not correctly decode the PDCCH transmission on Carrier 1 without the data on the first symbol and then miss the scheduled PDSCH transmission on Carrier 1 so that the DL transmission on Carrier 1 is impacted.In the example of Fig. 4C, the UE 104 switches from Carrier 2 for DL in slot m to Carrier 1 for UL in slot m+1. Because the additional required time for UL TA, a duration of two symbols is required to provide sufficient margin to accommodate both UL timing advance (TA) and the switching gap. The required TA margin depends on the maximum cell size that needs to be supported in a given deployment.If the switching gap is located on Carrier 2 for DL, the UE 104 may miss the last two symbols of the PDSCH transmission on Carrier 2 because the UE 104 retunes its RF and advances UL timing within the duration of the two symbols. Hence, the UE 104 may not correctly decode the PDSCH on Carrier 2 without the data on the last two symbols so that the DL transmission on Carrier 2 is impacted.If the switching gap is located on Carrier 1 for UL, the UE 104 may miss the first two symbols of the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , physical random access channel (PRACH) , or sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission on Carrier 1 because the UE 104 retunes its RF and advances UL timing within the duration of the first two symbols. Hence, the UE 104 may not correctly transmit the PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission on Carrier 1 without the first two symbols so that the UL transmission on Carrier 1 is impacted.In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a solution that supports CA via carrier switching. In this solution, a UE determines to perform carrier switching from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern. The UE receives a first DL transmission on the first carrier. The first DL transmission is scheduled by a first DL control signaling. Then, the UE determines whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on at least one of the following: an indicator in the first DL control signaling, or time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier. In turn, the UE retunes RF within a period of the carrier switching gap at an end of the first slot for the carrier switching if the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, or retunes the RF within the period of the carrier switching gap at a start of the second slot for the carrier switching if the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier. Then, the UE performs UL transmission or DL reception of on the second carrier. With this solution, the DL transmission or UL transmission will not be impacted due to the presence of the carrier switching gap during the carrier switching.Fig. 5 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 500 that supports CA via carrier switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 500 may involve the UE 104 and the base station 102 in Fig. 1. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 will be described with reference to Fig. 1.As shown in Fig. 5, the base station 102 determines 510, based on a carrier switching pattern, carrier switching is to be performed by the UE 104 from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot. Accordingly, the UE 104 determines 520 to perform carrier switching from the first carrier in the first slot to the second carrier in the second slot based on the carrier switching pattern.In some implementations, for the UE 104 configured with low band CA via carrier switching, the carrier switching pattern may be configured via RRC signaling for the UE 104. The carrier switching pattern indicates the UE 104 to tune its RF between the first carrier and the second carrier.Consider the example of Fig. 3. The first carrier may comprise Carrier 1 and the second carrier may comprise Carrier 2. Alternatively, the first carrier may comprise Carrier 2 and the second carrier may comprise Carrier 1.In some implementations, Carrier 1 is FDD carrier with paired UL and DL band while Carrier 2 is DL-only carrier. Carrier 1 is configured as Cell 1 and Carrier 2 is configured as a DL-only cell, i.e., Cell 2. Hence, Cell 1 is further configured as PCell while Cell 2 is further configured as SCell. The HARQ-ACK feedback for DL transmissions on both carriers is only transmitted on the UL band of Cell 1.In some implementations, there are two cases for the UE 104 to work on such band combination.In Case 1, when the UE 104 switches to Carrier 1, the UE 104 receives DL transmissions only on Cell 1 and transmits UL transmissions only on Cell 1. The UE 104 does not monitor any DL transmissions on Cell 2 or transmit anything on Cell 2.In Case 2, when the UE 104 switches to Carrier 2, the UE 104 receives DL transmissions only on Cell 2. The UE 104 does not monitor any DL transmissions on Cell 1 or transmit anything on Cell 1.Return to Fig. 5. The base station 102 performs 530 a first DL transmission on the first carrier. The first DL transmission is scheduled to the UE 104 by a first DL control signaling. Accordingly, the UE 104 receives, on the first carrier, the first DL transmission scheduled by the first DL control signaling.In turn, the UE 104 determines 540 whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on at least one of the following: an indicator in the first DL control signaling, or time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier.If the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, the UE 104 retunes 550 RF within a period of the carrier switching gap at an end of the first slot for the carrier switching.On the other hand, if the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier, the UE 104 retunes 550 the RF within the period of the carrier switching gap at a start of the second slot for the carrier switching.In turn, the UE 104 performs 560 UL transmission or reception of a second DL transmission on the second carrier. Accordingly, the base station 102 receives the UL transmission from the UE 104 on the second carrier or performs the second DL transmission to the UE on the second carrier.With the process 500, the DL transmission or UL transmission will not be impacted due to the presence of the carrier switching gap during the carrier switching.Hereinafter, some implementations for determining whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier will be described.In some implementations, the first DL control signaling scheduling the first DL transmission comprises an indicator for the UE 104 to determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier.In some implementations, the indicator set to a first predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, and the indicator set to a second predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier. In such implementations, the indicator may be referred to as a carrier switching gap indicator (SGI) .In some implementations, the SGI may be included in a DCI format (e.g., DCI format 0_1, 0_3, 1_1, 1_3) scheduling the first DL transmission and used for the UE 104 to determine on which carrier the carrier switching gap is located when the UE 104 determines to switch from the first carrier to the second carrier. The UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap. The carrier switching from the first carrier to the second carrier happens across slot boundary, i.e., the first carrier in one slot is switched to the second carrier since the next slot. Hence, if the DL or UL transmission on the indicated carrier has overlapping with the carrier switching gap in time domain, the DL or UL transmission on the indicated carrier may be impacted, and the DL or UL transmission on the un-indicated carrier is not impacted.In some implementations, the SGI may comprise one bit for indicating the carrier where the carrier switching gap is located from the two carriers. For example, bit ‘0’ indicates the UE 104 the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier while bit ‘1’ indicates the UE 104 the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier.In some implementations, a single carrier switching gap may be defined and comprises only RF retuning time of the UE 104.Alternatively, in some implementations, two carrier switching gaps may be defined. For example, the two carrier switching gaps may comprise a first carrier switching gap and a second carrier switching gap. The first carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for DL and comprises only RF retuning time of the UE 104. The second carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for UL and comprises both RF retuning time of the UE 104 and maximum UL TA. That is, the first carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from DL to DL to accommodate the necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 and the second carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from SDL to UL to accommodate both necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 and maximum UL TA.In some implementations, when the UE 104 determines to perform carrier switching from the first carrier to the second carrier based on the carrier switching pattern configured by RRC signaling or indicated via a bitmap in the DCI format, the UE 104 checks the SGI in the DCI format and identifies the indicated carrier where the carrier switching gap is located.In some implementations, the SGI indicates the carrier switching gap is on the first carrier. The UE 104 switches from the first carrier in slot n to the second carrier in slot n+1. The carrier switching gap is located at the end of slot n on the first carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap of slot n on the first carrier. For example, the UE 104 retunes its RF within a first number of symbols at the end of slot n on the first carrier. The first number is represented by N. In other words, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the last N symbols of slot n on the first carrier.In some implementations, the SGI indicates the carrier switching gap is on the second carrier. The UE 104 switches from the first carrier in slot n to the second carrier in slot n+1. The carrier switching gap is located at the start of slot n+1 on the second carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap on the second carrier. For example, the UE 104 retunes its RF within a second number of symbols at the start of slot n+1 on the second carrier. The second number is represented by M. In other words, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the first M symbols of slot n+1 on the second carrier.In some implementations, values of N and M are determined to accommodate the necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 in case of carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for DL, or accommodate both necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 and maximum UL TA in case of carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for UL.Consider the example of Fig. 4A. In the example of Fig. 4A, it is assumed that one symbol is required to accommodate a carrier switching gap between Carrier 1 and Carrier 2. The UE 104 switches from Carrier 1 for DL in slot n to Carrier 2 for DL in slot n+1.If the SGI in the DCI format is bit ‘0’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on Carrier 1. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 1, i.e., symbol 13 of slot n, and receives the PDCCH transmission on Carrier 2 from symbol 0 of slot n+1. Hence, the PDCCH transmission on Carrier 2 in slot n+1 can be fully received by the UE 104 and the DL transmission on Carrier 2 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 1 does not include the last symbol of slot n.If the base station 102 intends to transmit PDCCH since the first symbol of slot n+1 for the UE 104 on Carrier 2, the base station 102 should ensure the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH in slot n on Carrier 1 does not include symbol 13 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ .On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot n on Carrier 1 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure no PDCCH needs to be transmitted since the first symbol of slot n+1 on Carrier 2 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .If the SGI in the DCI format is bit ‘1’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on Carrier 2. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 2, i.e., symbol 0 of slot n+1, and receives the DL transmission on Carrier 2 from symbol 1 of slot n+1. Hence, the PDSCH transmission on Carrier 1 in slot n can be transmitted by the base station 102 till symbol 13 of slot n and the DL transmission on Carrier 1 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 1 comprises the last symbol of slot n.If the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot n for the UE 104 on Carrier 1, the base station 102 should ensure no PDCCH needs to be transmitted to the UE 104 since symbol 0 of slot n+1 on Carrier 2 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit PDCCH from symbol 0 of slot n+1 on Carrier 2 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 1 does not include the last symbol of slot n and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ .Consider the example of Fig. 4B. In the example of Fig. 4B, it is assumed that one symbol is required to accommodate a carrier switching gap between Carrier 1 and Carrier 2. The UE 104 switches from Carrier 2 for DL in slot m to Carrier 1 for DL in slot m+1.If the SGI in the DCI format is bit ‘0’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on Carrier 1. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 1, i.e., symbol 0 of slot m+1, and receives the DL transmission on Carrier 1 from symbol 1 of slot m+1. Hence, the PDSCH transmission on Carrier 2 in slot m can be transmitted by the base station 102 till symbol 13 of slot m and the DL transmission on Carrier 2 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 comprises the last symbol of slot m.If the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot m on Carrier 2 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure no PDCCH needs to be transmitted since the first symbol of slot m+1 on Carrier 1 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ .On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit PDCCH since symbol 0 of slot m+1 on Carrier 1 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 does not include the last symbol of slot m and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .If the SGI in the DCI format is bit ‘1’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on Carrier 2. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 2, i.e., symbol 13 of slot m, and receives the PDCCH transmission on Carrier 1 from symbol 0 of slot m+1. Hence, the PDCCH transmission on Carrier 1 in slot m+1 can be fully received by the UE 104 and the DL transmission on Carrier 1 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 does not include the last symbol of slot m.If the base station 102 intends to transmit PDCCH since symbol 0 of slot m+1 for the UE 104 on Carrier 1, the base station 102 should ensure the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH in slot m on Carrier 2 does not include symbol 13 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot m on Carrier 2 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure no PDCCH needs to be transmitted since the first symbol of slot m+1 on Carrier 1 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ .Consider the example of Fig. 4C. In the example of Fig. 4C, the UE 104 switches from Carrier 2 for DL in slot m to Carrier 1 for UL in slot m+1. It is assumed that one symbol is required to accommodate the carrier switching gap between the two carriers and one additional symbol is required for UL TA. When the UE 104 switches from Carrier 2 for DL in slot m to Carrier 1 for UL in slot m+1, a duration of two symbols is required to provide sufficient margin to accommodate both UL TA and the carrier switching gap. The required TA margin depends on the maximum cell size that needs to be supported in a given deployment.If the SGI in the DCI format is bit ‘0’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on Carrier 1. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF and advances UL timing within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 1, i.e., symbol 0 and symbol 1 of slot m+1. Hence, the PDSCH transmission on Carrier 2 in slot m can be transmitted by the base station 102 till symbol 13 of slot m and the DL transmission on Carrier 2 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 comprises the last two symbols of slot m.If the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot m on Carrier 2 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure no UL signals or channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission) need to be transmitted since the first two symbols of slot m+1 on Carrier 1 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’.On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit UL signals or channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission) for the UE 104 since the first two symbols of slot m+1 on Carrier 1, the base station 102 should ensure the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 does not include the last two symbols of slot m and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .If the SGI in the associated DCI format is bit ‘1’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on Carrier 2. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF and advances UL timing within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 2, i.e., symbol 12 and symbol 13 of slot m, and transmits the UL signals or channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission) on Carrier 1 from symbol 0 of slot m+1. Hence, the UL transmission on Carrier 1 in slot m+1 can be fully transmitted by the UE 104 and the UL transmission on Carrier 1 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 does not include the last two symbols of slot m.If the base station 102 intends to receive UL signals or channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission) since the first two symbols of slot m+1 for the UE 104 on Carrier 1, the base station 102 should ensure the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH in slot m on Carrier 2 does not include symbol 12 and symbol 13 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot m on Carrier 2 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure no UL signals or channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission) need to be transmitted since the first two symbols of slot m+1 on Carrier 1 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .In some implementations, the indicator set to a third predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on a source carrier before the carrier switching is performed, and the indicator set to a fourth predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on a target carrier after the carrier switching is performed. In such implementations, the source carrier is also referred to as a “switch from carrier” , and the target is also referred to as a “switch to carrier” , and the indicator is also referred to as an SGI.In some implementations, the SGI may be included in a DCI format (e.g., DCI format 0_1, 0_3, 1_1, 1_3) scheduling the first DL transmission and used for the UE 104 to determine on which carrier the carrier switching gap is located when the UE 104 determines to switch from the first carrier to the second carrier. The UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap. The carrier switching from the first carrier to the second carrier happens across slot boundary, i.e., the first carrier in one slot is switched to the second carrier since the next slot. Hence, if the DL or UL transmission on the indicated carrier has overlapping with the carrier switching gap in time domain, the DL or UL transmission on the indicated carrier may be impacted, and the DL or UL transmission on the un-indicated carrier is not impacted.In some implementations, the SGI may comprise one bit for indicating the carrier where the carrier switching gap is located from the two carriers, e.g., bit ‘0’ indicates the UE 104 the carrier switching gap is located on the “switch from carrier” while bit ‘1’ indicates the UE 104 the carrier switching gap is located on the “switch to carrier” . The “switch from carrier” is the source carrier before the carrier switching is performed and the “switch to carrier” is the target carrier after the carrier switching is completed. When the UE 104 determines to perform carrier switching from the first carrier to the second carrier, the first carrier is “switch from carrier” and the second carrier is the “switch to carrier” .In some implementations, a single carrier switching gap may be defined and comprises only RF retuning time of the UE 104.Alternatively, in some implementations, two carrier switching gaps may be defined. For example, the two carrier switching gaps may comprise a first carrier switching gap and a second carrier switching gap. The first carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for DL and comprises only RF retuning time of the UE 104. The second carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for UL and comprises both RF retuning time of the UE 104 and maximum UL TA. That is, the first carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from DL to DL to accommodate the necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 and the second carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from SDL to UL to accommodate both necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 and maximum UL TA.In some implementations, when the UE 104 determines to perform carrier switching from the first carrier to the second carrier based on the carrier switching pattern configured by RRC signaling or indicated via a bitmap in the DCI format, the UE 104 checks the SGI in the DCI format and identifies the indicated carrier where the carrier switching gap is located.In some implementations, the UE 104 switches from the first carrier in slot n to the second carrier in slot n+1. If the carrier switching gap is indicated on the “switch from carrier” , the carrier switching gap is located at the end of slot n on the first carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap of slot n on the first carrier. For example, the UE 104 retunes its RF within a first number of symbols at the end of slot n on the first carrier. The first number is represented by N. In other words, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the last N symbols of slot n on the first carrier.In some implementations, if the carrier switching gap is indicated on the “switch to carrier” , the carrier switching gap is located at the start of slot n+1 on the second carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap on the second carrier. For example, the UE 104 retunes its RF within a second number of symbols at the start of slot n+1 on the second carrier. The second number is represented by M. In other words, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the first M symbols of slot n+1 on the second carrier.Consider the example of Fig. 4A. In the example of Fig. 4A, it is assumed that one symbol is required to accommodate a carrier switching gap between Carrier 1 and Carrier 2. The UE 104 switches from Carrier 1 for DL in slot n to Carrier 2 for DL in slot n+1.If the SGI in the DCI format is bit ‘0’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on the switch from carrier, i.e., Carrier 1. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 1, i.e., symbol 13 of slot n, and receives the PDCCH transmission on Carrier 2 from symbol 0 of slot n+1. Hence, the PDCCH transmission on Carrier 2 in slot n+1 can be fully received by the UE 104 and the DL transmission on Carrier 2 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 1 does not include the last symbol of slot n.If the base station 102 intends to transmit PDCCH since the first symbol of slot n+1 for the UE 104 on Carrier 2, the base station 102 should ensure the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH in slot n on Carrier 1 does not include symbol 13 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ .On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot n on Carrier 1 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure no PDCCH needs to be transmitted since the first symbol of slot n+1 on Carrier 2 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .If the SGI in the DCI format is bit ‘1’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on the switch to carrier, i.e., Carrier 2. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 2, i.e., symbol 0 of slot n+1, and receives the DL transmission on Carrier 2 from symbol 1 of slot n+1. Hence, the PDSCH transmission on Carrier 1 in slot n can be transmitted by the base station 102 till symbol 13 of slot n and the DL transmission on Carrier 1 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 1 comprises the last symbol of slot n.If the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot n for the UE 104 on Carrier 1, the base station 102 should ensure no PDCCH needs to be transmitted to the UE 104 since symbol 0 of slot n+1 on Carrier 2 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit PDCCH from symbol 0 of slot n+1 on Carrier 2 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 1 does not include the last symbol of slot n and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ .Consider the example of Fig. 4B. In the example of Fig. 4B, it is assumed that one symbol is required to accommodate a carrier switching gap between Carrier 1 and Carrier 2. The UE 104 switches from Carrier 2 for DL in slot m to Carrier 1 for DL in slot m+1.If the SGI in the DCI format is bit ‘0’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on the switch from carrier, i.e., Carrier 2. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 2, i.e., symbol 13 of slot m, and receives the PDCCH transmission on Carrier 1 from symbol 0 of slot m+1. Hence, the PDCCH transmission on Carrier 1 in slot m+1 can be fully received by the UE 104 and the DL transmission on Carrier 1 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 does not include the last symbol of slot m.If the base station 102 intends to transmit PDCCH since symbol 0 of slot m+1 for the UE 104 on Carrier 1, the base station 102 should ensure the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH in slot m on Carrier 2 does not include symbol 13 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ .On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot m on Carrier 2 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure no PDCCH needs to be transmitted since the first symbol of slot m+1 on Carrier 1 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .If the SGI in the DCI format is bit ‘1’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on the switch to carrier, i.e., Carrier 1. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 1, i.e., symbol 0 of slot m+1, and receives the DL transmission on Carrier 1 from symbol 1 of slot m+1. Hence, the PDSCH transmission on Carrier 2 in slot m can be transmitted by the base station 102 till symbol 13 of slot m and the DL transmission on Carrier 2 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 comprises the last symbol of slot m.If the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot m on Carrier 2 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure no PDCCH needs to be transmitted since the first symbol of slot m+1 on Carrier 1 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit PDCCH since symbol 0 of slot m+1 on Carrier 1 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 does not include the last symbol of slot m and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ .Consider the example of Fig. 4C. In the example of Fig. 4C, the UE 104 switches from Carrier 2 for DL in slot m to Carrier 1 for UL in slot m+1. It is assumed that one symbol is required to accommodate the carrier switching gap between the two carriers and one additional symbol is required for UL TA. When the UE 104 switches from Carrier 2 for DL in slot m to Carrier 1 for UL in slot m+1, a duration of two symbols is required to provide sufficient margin to accommodate both UL TA and the carrier switching gap. The required TA margin depends on the maximum cell size that needs to be supported in a given deployment.If the SGI in the DCI format is bit ‘0’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on the switch from carrier, i.e., Carrier 2. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF and advances UL timing within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 2, i.e., symbol 12 and symbol 13 of slot m, and transmits the UL signals or channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission) on Carrier 1 from symbol 0 of slot m+1. Hence, the UL transmission on Carrier 1 in slot m+1 can be fully transmitted by the UE 104 and the UL transmission on Carrier 1 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 does not include the last two symbols of slot m.If the base station 102 intends to receive UL signals or channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission) since the first two symbols of slot m+1 for the UE 104 on Carrier 1, the base station 102 should ensure the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH in slot m on Carrier 2 does not include symbol 12 and symbol 13 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ .On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot m on Carrier 2 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure no UL signals or channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission) need to be transmitted since the first two symbols of slot m+1 on Carrier 1 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .If the SGI in the DCI format is bit ‘1’ , it implies that the carrier switching gap is located on the switch to carrier, i.e., Carrier 1. Upon reception of the DCI format, the UE 104 retunes its RF and advances UL timing within the carrier switching gap on Carrier 1, i.e., symbol 0 and symbol 1 of slot m+1. Hence, the PDSCH transmission on Carrier 2 in slot m can be transmitted by the base station 102 till symbol 13 of slot m and the DL transmission on Carrier 2 is not impacted by the carrier switching gap.From the point of view of the base station 102, setting the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ is applicable to the case where the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 comprises the last two symbols of slot m.If the base station 102 intends to transmit PDSCH till symbol 13 of slot m on Carrier 2 for the UE 104, the base station 102 should ensure no UL signals or channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission) need to be transmitted since the first two symbols of slot m+1 on Carrier 1 and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘1’ .On the other hand, if the base station 102 intends to transmit UL signals or channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission) for the UE 104 since the first two symbols of slot m+1 on Carrier 1, the base station 102 should ensure the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH scheduled to the UE 104 on Carrier 2 does not include the last two symbols of slot m and then set the SGI in the DCI format to bit ‘0’ .In some implementations, the UE 104 may determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier. The UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap. The carrier switching from the first carrier to the second carrier happens across slot boundary, i.e., the first carrier in one slot is switched to the second carrier since the next slot. Hence, if the DL or UL transmission on the indicated carrier has overlapping with the carrier switching gap in time domain, the DL or UL transmission on the indicated carrier may be impacted, and the DL or UL transmission on the un-indicated carrier is not impacted.In such implementations, a single carrier switching gap may be defined and comprises only RF retuning time of the UE 104.Alternatively, in such implementations, two carrier switching gaps may be defined. For example, the two carrier switching gaps may comprise a first carrier switching gap and a second carrier switching gap. The first carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for DL and comprises only RF retuning time of the UE 104. The second carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for UL and comprises both RF retuning time of the UE 104 and maximum UL TA. That is, the first carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from DL to DL to accommodate the necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 and the second carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from SDL to UL to accommodate both necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 and maximum UL TA.In such implementations, when the UE 104 determines to perform carrier switching from the first carrier to the second carrier based on the carrier switching pattern configured by RRC signaling or indicated via a bitmap in the DCI format, the UE 104 checks time domain resource allocation for transmissions on the two carriers and identifies the carrier where the carrier switching gap is located as described below.If time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot, the UE 104 may determine that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier. The first number is represented by N.For example, the UE 104 switches from the first carrier in slot n to the second carrier in slot n+1. If the UE 104 determines that the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier does not include the last N symbols of slot n, the UE 104 determines the carrier switching gap is located at the end of slot n on the first carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap on the first carrier, i.e., the UE 104 retunes its RF within the last N symbols of slot n on the first carrier.Alternatively, in such implementations, if a search space configuration on the second carrier comprises a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, the UE 104 may determine that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier. The second number is represented by M.For example, the UE 104 switches from the first carrier in slot n to the second carrier in slot n+1. If the UE 104 determines that the search space configuration on the second carrier comprises the first M symbols of slot n+1, the UE 104 determines the carrier switching gap is located at the end of slot n on the first carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap on the first carrier, i.e., the UE 104 retunes its RF within the last N symbols of slot n on the first carrier.Alternatively, in such implementations, if the time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier comprises the first number of symbols at the end of the first slot and time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier does not comprise the second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, the UE 104 may determine that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier.For example, the UE 104 switches from the first carrier in slot n to the second carrier in slot n+1. If the UE 104 determines that the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier comprises the last N symbols of slot n and the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission on the second carrier does not include the first M symbols of slot n+1, the UE 104 determines the carrier switching gap is located at the start of slot n+1 on the second carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap on the second carrier, i.e., the UE 104 retunes its RF within the first M symbols of slot n+1 on the second carrier.Alternatively, in such implementations, if time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise the first number of symbols at the end of the first slot and the time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier comprises the second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, the UE 104 may determine that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier.For example, the UE 104 switches from the first carrier in slot n to the second carrier in slot n+1. If the UE 104 determines that the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier does not include the last N symbols of slot n and the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission on the second carrier comprises the first M symbols of slot n+1, the UE 104 determines the carrier switching gap is located at the end of slot n on the first carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap on the first carrier, i.e., the UE 104 retunes its RF within the last N symbols of slot n on the first carrier.In some implementations, values of N and M are determined to accommodate the necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 in case of carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for DL, or accommodate both necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 and maximum UL TA in case of carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for UL.In some implementations, the indicator indicates a first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier. In such implementations, the UE 104 may determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the indicator and the time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier. In such implementations, the indicator is also referred to as a priority indicator.In such implementations, the UE 104 may receive a further DL signaling scheduling the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier. The further DL signaling may comprise a second priority index of the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier.In such implementations, the UE 104 may determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on comparison of the first priority index and the second priority index as well as the time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier.In some implementations, the priority indicator may be included in a DCI format (e.g., DCI format 0_1, 0_3, 1_1, 1_3) scheduling the first DL transmission and used for the UE 104 to determine on which carrier the carrier switching gap is located when the UE 104 determines to switch from the first carrier to the second carrier. The UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap. The carrier switching from the first carrier to the second carrier happens across slot boundary, i.e., the first carrier in one slot is switched to the second carrier since the next slot. Hence, if the DL or UL transmission on the indicated carrier has overlapping with the carrier switching gap in time domain, the DL or UL transmission on the indicated carrier may be impacted, and the DL or UL transmission on the un-indicated carrier is not impacted.In some implementations, the priority indicator may comprise one bit for indicating the first priority index of the first DL transmission, e.g., bit ‘0’ indicates the first priority index of the first DL transmission is 0 while bit ‘1’ indicates the first priority index of the first DL transmission is 1.In some implementations, a single carrier switching gap may be defined and comprises only RF retuning time of the UE 104.Alternatively, in some implementations, two carrier switching gaps may be defined. For example, the two carrier switching gaps may comprise a first carrier switching gap and a second carrier switching gap. The first carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for DL and comprises only RF retuning time of the UE 104. The second carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for UL and comprises both RF retuning time of the UE 104 and maximum UL TA. That is, the first carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from DL to DL to accommodate the necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 and the second carrier switching gap is defined for carrier switching from SDL to UL to accommodate both necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 and maximum UL TA.In some implementations, when the UE 104 determines to perform carrier switching from the first carrier to the second carrier based on the carrier switching pattern configured by RRC signaling or indicated via a bitmap in the DCI format, the UE 104 checks the priority indicator in the DCI format and time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the two carriers, and identifies the carrier where the carrier switching gap is located.In such implementations, the UE 104 determines that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier based on determining the following: time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot; time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier comprises a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot; and the first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier is smaller than the second priority index of the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier.For example, the UE 104 switches from the first carrier in slot n to the second carrier in slot n+1. If the UE 104 determines that the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier comprises the last N symbols of slot n and the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission on the second carrier also comprises the first M symbols of slot n+1, and if the UE 104 further determines that the first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier is smaller than the second priority index of the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier (i.e., the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier has a lower priority than the PDSCH, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission on the second carrier, e.g., the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier has a priority index 0 and the PDSCH, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission on the second carrier has a priority index 1) , the UE 104 determines the carrier switching gap is located at the end of slot n on the first carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap on the first carrier, i.e., the UE 104 retunes its RF within the last N symbols of slot n on the first carrier.In such implementations, the UE 104 determines that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier based on determining the following: time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier comprises a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot; time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier does not comprise a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot; and the first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier is larger than the second priority index of the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier.For example, the UE 104 switches from the first carrier in slot n to the second carrier in slot n+1. If the UE 104 determines that the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier comprises the last N symbols of slot n and the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission on the second carrier also comprises the first M symbols of slot n+1, and if the UE 104 further determines that the first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier is larger than the second priority index of the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier (i.e., the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier has a higher priority than the PDSCH, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission on the second carrier, e.g., the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier has a priority index 1 and the PDSCH, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission on the second carrier has a priority index 0) , the UE 104 determines the carrier switching gap is located at the start of slot n+1 on the second carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap on the second carrier, i.e., the UE 104 retunes its RF within the first M symbols of slot n+1 on the second carrier.In such implementations, the UE 104 determines that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on determining the following: time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier comprises a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot; time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier comprises a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot; and the first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier is equal to the second priority index of the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier.For example, the UE 104 switches from the first carrier in slot n to the second carrier in slot n+1. If the UE 104 determines that the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier comprises the last N symbols of slot n and the time domain resource allocation of the PDSCH, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission on the second carrier also comprises the first M symbols of slot n+1, and if the UE 104 further determines that the first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier is equal to the second priority index of the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier (i.e., the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier has equal priority as the PDSCH, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission on the second carrier, e.g., the PDSCH transmission on the first carrier has same priority index as the PDSCH, PUSCH or PUCCH transmission on the second carrier has) , the UE 104 may determine the carrier switching gap is located at the end of slot n on the first carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap on the first carrier, i.e., the UE 104 retunes its RF within the last N symbols of slot n on the first carrier. Alternatively, the UE 104 may determine the carrier switching gap is located at the start of slot n+1 on the second carrier, and the UE 104 retunes its RF within the period of the carrier switching gap on the second carrier, i.e., the UE 104 retunes its RF within the first M symbols of slot n+1 on the second carrier.In some implementations, values of N and M are determined to accommodate the necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 in case of carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for DL, or accommodate both necessary RF retuning time of the UE 104 and maximum UL TA in case of carrier switching from the first carrier for DL to the second carrier for UL.Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a device 600 that supports CA via carrier switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 600 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 602, a memory 604, a transceiver 606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .The processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.In some implementations, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) .For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining to perform carrier switching from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern; receiving a first DL transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled by a first DL control signaling; determining whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on at least one of the following: an indicator in the first DL control signaling, or time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier; retuning RF within a period of the carrier switching gap at an end of the first slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, or retuning the RF within the period of the carrier switching gap at a start of the second slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier; and performing UL transmission or reception of a second DL transmission on the second carrier.Alternatively, the processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining carrier switching is to be performed by a UE from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern; perform a first DL transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled to the UE by a first DL control signaling, the first DL control signaling comprises an indicator for the UE to determining whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier; and receiving UL transmission from the UE on the second carrier or performing a second DL transmission to the UE on the second carrier.The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 604) to cause the device 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.The memory 604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 602 cause the device 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.The I / O controller 608 may manage input and output signals for the device 600. The I / O controller 608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may utilize an operating system such asor another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 606. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 600 via the I / O controller 608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 608.In some implementations, the device 600 may include a single antenna 610. However, in some other implementations, the device 600 may have more than one antenna 610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 610. The transceiver 606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 610 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 that supports CA via carrier switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.The processor 700 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining to perform carrier switching from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern; receiving a first DL transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled by a first DL control signaling; determining whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on at least one of the following: an indicator in the first DL control signaling, or time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier; retuning RF within a period of the carrier switching gap at an end of the first slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, or retuning the RF within the period of the carrier switching gap at a start of the second slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier; and performing UL transmission or reception of a second DL transmission on the second carrier.Alternatively, the processor 700 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining carrier switching is to be performed by a UE from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern; perform a first DL transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled to the UE by a first DL control signaling, the first DL control signaling comprises an indicator for the UE to determining whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier; and receiving UL transmission from the UE on the second carrier or performing a second DL transmission to the UE on the second carrier.Fig. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 supporting CA via carrier switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by the UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.At 810, the method may include determining to perform carrier switching from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.At 820, the method may include receiving a first DL transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled by a first DL control signaling. The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.At 830, the method may include determining whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on at least one of the following: an indicator in the first DL control signaling, or time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier. The operations of 830 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 830 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.At 840, the method may include retuning RF within a period of the carrier switching gap at an end of the first slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, or retuning the RF within the period of the carrier switching gap at a start of the second slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier. The operations of 840 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 840 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.At 850, the method may include performing UL transmission or reception of a second DL transmission on the second carrier. The operations of 850 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 850 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.Fig. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 supporting CA via carrier switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by the base station 102 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.At 910, the method may include receiving determining carrier switching is to be performed by a UE from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.At 920, the method may include performing a first DL transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled to the UE by a first DL control signaling, the first DL control signaling comprises an indicator for the UE to determining whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.At 930, the method may include receiving UL transmission from the UE on the second carrier or performing a second DL transmission to the UE on the second carrier. The operations of 930 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 930 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0001] It shall be noted that implementations of the present disclosure which have been described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 are also applicable to the device 600, the processor 700 as well as the methods 800 and 900.It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determine to perform carrier switching from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern;receive a first downlink (DL) transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled by a first DL control signaling;determine whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on at least one of the following: an indicator in the first DL control signaling, or time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier;retune radio frequency (RF) within a period of the carrier switching gap at an end of the first slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, or retune the RF within the period of the carrier switching gap at a start of the second slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier; andperform uplink (UL) transmission or reception of a second DL transmission on the second carrier.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the indicator set to a first predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, and the indicator set to a second predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the indicator set to a third predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on a source carrier before the carrier switching is performed, and the indicator set to a fourth predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on a target carrier after the carrier switching is performed.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the time domain resource allocations by one of the following:based on determining that time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot, determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier;based on determining that a search space configuration on the second carrier comprises a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier;based on determining that the time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier comprises the first number of symbols at the end of the first slot and that time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier does not comprise the second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier; andbased on determining that time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise the first number of symbols at the end of the first slot and that the time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier comprises the second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the indicator indicates a first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier; andwherein the processor is configured to determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the indicator and the time domain resource allocations.6.The UE of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the indicator and the time domain resource allocations by:determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier based on determining the following:time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot;time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier comprises a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot; andthe first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier is smaller than a second priority index of the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier.7.The UE of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on the indicator and the time domain resource allocations by:determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier based on determining the following:time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier comprises a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot;time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier does not comprise a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot; andthe first priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier is larger than a second priority index of the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier.8.A base station, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determine carrier switching is to be performed by a user equipment (UE) from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern;perform a first downlink (DL) transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled to the UE by a first DL control signaling, the first DL control signaling comprises an indicator for the UE to determine whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier; andreceive uplink (UL) transmission from the UE on the second carrier or perform a second DL transmission to the UE on the second carrier.9.The base station of claim 8, wherein the indicator set to a first predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, and the indicator set to a second predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier.10.The base station of claim 8, wherein the indicator set to a third predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on a source carrier before the carrier switching is performed, and the indicator set to a fourth predefined value indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on a target carrier after the carrier switching is performed.11.The base station of claim 8, wherein time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise a first number of symbols at the end of the first slot, and the indicator indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier; orwherein a search space configuration on the second carrier comprises a second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, and the indicator indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier; orwherein the time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier comprises the first number of symbols at the end of the first slot, time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier does not comprise the second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, and the indicator indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier; orwherein the time domain resource allocation for the first DL transmission on the first carrier does not comprise the first number of symbols at the end of the first slot, the time domain resource allocation for the UL transmission or the second DL transmission on the second carrier comprises the second number of symbols at the start of the second slot, and the indicator indicates that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier.12.The base station of claim 8, wherein the indicator indicates a priority index of the first DL transmission on the first carrier.13.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:determine to perform carrier switching from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern;receive a first downlink (DL) transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled by a first DL control signaling;determine whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on at least one of the following: an indicator in the first DL control signaling, or time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier;retune radio frequency (RF) within a period of the carrier switching gap at an end of the first slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, or retune the RF within the period of the carrier switching gap at a start of the second slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier; andperform uplink (UL) transmission or reception of a second DL transmission on the second carrier.14.A method for wireless communication, comprising:determining to perform carrier switching from a first carrier in a first slot to a second carrier in a second slot based on a carrier switching pattern;receiving a first downlink (DL) transmission on the first carrier, wherein the first DL transmission is scheduled by a first DL control signaling;determining whether a carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier or the second carrier based on at least one of the following: an indicator in the first DL control signaling, or time domain resource allocations for transmissions on the first carrier and the second carrier;retuning radio frequency (RF) within a period of the carrier switching gap at an end of the first slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the first carrier, or retuning the RF within the period of the carrier switching gap at a start of the second slot for the carrier switching based on determining that the carrier switching gap is located on the second carrier; andperforming uplink (UL) transmission or reception of a second DL transmission on the second carrier.