Transmission of logged data via data plane
A unified data plane framework with dedicated PDU sessions and radio bearers optimizes the transmission of low-priority logged data in wireless communication systems, addressing inefficiencies and ensuring timely delivery of data like QoE and AI/ML training data.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face inefficiencies in transmitting logged data via the data plane, particularly in 5G networks, due to unclear interactions between the control plane and data plane, and the need for a unified framework to manage low-priority data with relaxed latency requirements.
A unified framework is introduced using a data plane approach with dedicated Protocol Data Units (PDUs) or radio bearers for data transmission, allowing interaction between the control plane and data plane, and enabling RAN nodes or DCEs to configure data collection and transmission, ensuring efficient handling of low-priority data.
This framework enhances the efficient transmission of logged data by optimizing resource usage and ensuring timely delivery of low-priority data, such as QoE, MDT, and AI/ML training data, through dedicated PDU sessions or radio bearers, addressing the inefficiencies in existing systems.
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Figure CN2025110728_18062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TRANSMISSION OF LOGGED DATA VIA DATA PLANETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to network entities, methods, and computer readable medium for supporting transmission of logged data via data plane.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communication system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] In 5G, UE can be configured by the gNB to perform measurements and logging for different purposes, e.g., L1 / L3 measurement reporting, quality of experience (QoE) , immediate / logged minimization of drive test (MDT) , and artificial intelligence (AI) training data. Enhancements on the transmission of such data need to be further studied.SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure a user equipment (UE) , network entities, a processor for wireless communication, methods, and a computer readable medium for supporting transmission of logged data via data plane.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a user equipment (UE) , comprising: a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: receive, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a data collection entity (DCE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration; perform data collection based on the first message; receive, from the RAN node or the DCE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data; and report the collected data based on the second message.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a first network entity, comprising: a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration; and transmit, to the UE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a second network entity, comprising: a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: transmit, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first data collection request indicating data to be collected; receive, from the RAN node, at least one data collection configuration associated with the data to be collected; and transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a second data collection request indicating the at least one data collection configuration.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a processor for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: receive, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a data collection entity (DCE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration; perform data collection based on the first message; receive, from the RAN node or the DCE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data; and report the collected data based on the second message.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method performed by a by a UE, the method comprising: receiving, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a data collection entity (DCE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration; performing data collection based on the first message; receiving, from the RAN node or the DCE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data; and reporting the collected data based on the second message.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method performed by a first network entity, the method comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration; and transmitting, to the UE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a method performed by a second network entity, the method comprising: transmitting, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first data collection request indicating data to be collected; receiving, from the RAN node, at least one data collection configuration associated with the data to be collected; and transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a second data collection request indicating the at least one data collection configuration.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, causing the apparatus to perform the method according to any of the fifth to the seventh aspects of the disclosure.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first network entity comprises a radio access network (RAN) node, and the second network entity comprises a data collection entity (DCE) in a core network (CN) , an Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) entity, or within a RAN domain different than the RAN node.
[0014] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first message and the second message are received from the RAN node via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, or via a data process layer signaling conveyed in a data process radio bearer (RB) .
[0015] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first message is radio resource control (RRC) signaling including an indication to trigger setup of a data plane.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first message and the second message are received from the DCE via a data plane.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the UE may receive a data collection request indicating data to be collected.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the data collection request is comprised in the first message.
[0019] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the data collection request further indicates that the UE is to wait for permission to report the collected data.
[0020] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the UE may transmit, in response to receiving the data collection request, a request for the at least one data collection configuration to the RAN node.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the UE may transmit a data collection response indicating acceptance or rejection of the requested data to be collected.
[0022] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the at least one data collection configuration includes a reporting related configuration indicating at least one of the following: whether reporting is performed upon receiving a request from the RAN node or the DCE; whether reporting is performed upon receiving a permission from the RAN node or the DCE; whether reporting is performed via RRC signaling or via a data plane.
[0023] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the UE may transmit, to the RAN node or the DCE, an indication that the collected data are available for reporting.
[0024] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the second message further indicates at least one of the following: a time window during which the UE is allowed to report the collected data; an area in which the UE is allowed to report the collected data; at least one public land mobile network (PLMN) that the UE is allowed to report the collected data when the UE connects to the at least one PLMN; a data size that the UE is allowed to report; a data collection session identifier that is allowed to be reported; an identifier related to a data collection configuration that is allowed to be reported; or a data type that is allowed to be reported.
[0025] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the UE may transmit a message containing the collected data to the DCE via a data plane, or to the RAN node via RRC signaling or data process layer signaling.
[0026] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the message is constrained by a maximum size
[0027] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the collected data is reported based on a priority of the collected data.
[0028] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the UE may receive, from the RAN node or the DCE, a third message indicating the UE to stop reporting the collected data.
[0029] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first network entity may receive, from a data collection entity (DCE) , a data collection request indicating data to be collected.
[0030] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first network entity may transmit, to the DCE, the at least one data collection configuration responsive to the data collection request.
[0031] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first network entity may transmit, to the DCE, a response to the data collection request indicating acceptance or successful configuration of data collection for part of or all of one or more UEs.
[0032] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first network entity may receive, from the UE, a request for the at least one data collection configuration.
[0033] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first network entity may receive, from the UE, an indication that the collected data are available for reporting.
[0034] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first network entity may transmit, to a DCE, an indication of granting permission for one or more UEs to report the collected data; and transmit, to the DCE, an indication of denial of permission for the one or more UEs to report the collected data.
[0035] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first network entity may receive, from the UE, a message containing the collected data via RRC signaling or data process layer signaling; and report the collected data to a DCE.
[0036] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the message is constrained by a maximum size.
[0037] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the collected data is received based on a priority of the collected data.
[0038] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first network entity may transmit, to the UE, a third message indicating to stop reporting the collected data.
[0039] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first network entity may transmit, to the UE, a data collection request indicating data to be collected.
[0040] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the data collection request is comprised in the first message.
[0041] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the data collection request further indicates that the UE is to wait for permission to report the collected data.
[0042] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the first network entity may receive, from the UE, a data collection response indicating acceptance or rejection of the requested data to be collected.
[0043] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the second network entity may indicate one or more UEs for data collection in the first data collection request.
[0044] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the second network entity may receive, from the RAN node, a response to the first data collection request indicating acceptance or successful configuration of data collection for part of or all of one or more UEs.
[0045] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the second network entity may receive, from the RAN node, an indication of granting permission for one or more UEs to report the collected data; and receive, from the RAN node, an indication of denial of permission for the one or more UEs to report the collected data.
[0046] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the second network entity may transmit, to the UE, a message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data.
[0047] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the second network entity may transmit, to the UE, a message indicating the UE to stop reporting the collected data.
[0048] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the second data collection request indicates that the UE is to wait for permission to report collected data.
[0049] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the second network entity may receive, from the UE, a data collection response indicating acceptance or rejection of the second data collection request.
[0050] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the second network entity may receive, from the UE, an indication that the collected data are available for reporting.
[0051] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the second network entity may receive, from the UE, a message containing the collected data via a data plane.
[0052] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the message is constrained by a maximum size
[0053] In some implementations of the methods, the UE, and the first and second network entities described herein, the collected data is reported based on a priority of the collected data.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0054] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0055] FIG. 2 illustrates a unified framework for collecting data from UE in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 3 illustrates protocol layers related to data collection in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0057] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process flow where radio access network (RAN) selects UE for data collection and reporting in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0058] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate an example of a process flow where a data collection entity (DCE) selects UE for data collection and reporting and RAN aware of the selected UE is in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0059] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a process flow where DCE selects UE for data collection and reporting and RAN is not aware of the selected UE in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0060] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a device that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0061] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a processor that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0062] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0063] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a first network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0064] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a second network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0065] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0066] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below. In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0067] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0068] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms. In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatuses are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0069] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “has, ” “having, ” “includes” and / or “including, ” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, components and / or the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. For example, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The use of an expression such as “A and / or B” can mean either “only A” or “only B” or “both A and B. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0070] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system. FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0071] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface. In a 3GPP non-terrestrial network (NTN) , a network entity 102 in form of a satellite can directly communicate to UE 104 using NR / LTE Uu interface. The satellite may be a transparent satellite or a regenerative satellite. For NTN with a transparent satellite, a base station on earth may communicate with a UE via the satellite. For NTN with a regenerative satellite, the base station may be on board and directly communicate with the UE.
[0072] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0073] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be a UAV UE and may communicate with one or more network entities 102 while flying.
[0074] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0075] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0076] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or TRPs.
[0077] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0078] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0079] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0080] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0081] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0082] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as registration management, mobility management, connection management, access authentication / authorization etc. for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106. The core network 106 may include network entities that are not shown in FIG. 1, including but not limited to, a session management function (SMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a network exposure function (NEF) , network data analytics function (NWDAFT) , and others.
[0083] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0084] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0085] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0086] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0087] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0088] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0089] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0090] In 5G, UE can be configured by the gNB to perform measurements and logging for different purposes, e.g., L1 / L3 measurement reporting, quality of experience (QoE) , immediate / logged minimization of drive test (MDT) , self-organizing network (SON) , and artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) training data. Each type of data is retrieved by network via different approaches. As listed in the table below.
[0091] There is an interest to introduce a unified framework, a. k. a. data plane, in 6G to collect those data that has low priority and relaxed latency, e.g., QoE, MDT, SON, AI / ML training data.
[0092] FIG. 2 illustrates a unified framework for collecting data from UE in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. Considering the size of collected to be reported can vary from KB to GB, the legacy control plane signaling based approach is considered inefficient. Thus, the data plane can be designed in the way that UE transmits the collected data to the network (NW) via any of the following approaches: ● Approach #1: a dedicated Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session between the UE and the Data Collection Entity (DCE) located in the Core Network (CN) or the Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) system, in the RAN domain different than the RAN node. ● Approach #2: a dedicated Radio Bearer between the UE and a Radio Access Network (RAN) node, optionally associated with a Quality of Service (QoS) flow. The RAN node may further forward the collected data to other Data Consumers, such as an OAM system or a CN node. In some examples, both Approach #1 and #2 can be supported at the same time.
[0093] One issue is that, since those collected data are of low priority and has relaxed latency requirement, the transmission is expected to happen only when the regular traffic load at NW is low and there is enough spare radio resources at the air interface for uplink transmission. Under the framework of Data Plane, it is unclear how to consider this during the data request and data transmission procedure, especially considering the DCE can be located in CN / OAM / RAN-domain which is of different entity than RAN. In the proposed approaches, the RAN node can indicate to the UE or to the DCE if the data transmission via data plane (with dedicated PDU session / RB) is allowed / permitted. Some interaction between the control plane and data plane is needed.
[0094] Another issue lies in the selection of UE for data collection, which may be performed either by the RAN node or by the DCE. However, the radio configuration (i.e., how the UE performs measurement and logging for data collection) related to data collection is configured by the RAN. Some interaction between the RAN and DCE is needed. In the proposed approaches, either the RAN transmits the data collection configuration to the UE via RRC control plane upon the request from the DCE or the UE, or the RAN generates and provides the data collection configuration to the DCE upon request, and the DCE transmits the data collection configuration to the UE via Data Plane.
[0095] In this disclosure, the term “data” includes radio or NW performance-related measurements that can be collected by UE and reported to the NW via the data plane. Such data may include any of the following: ● Layer 1 (L1) measurements, such as beam quality measurements represented in Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) ; ● Layer 3 (L3) measurements, such as L3 beam or cell quality measurements in RSRP, obtained by applying L3 filtering to L1 measurement results; ● Sensing-related measurements, such as L1 or L3 measurements of dedicated sensing reference signals; ● Positioning-related measurements, such as L1 or L3 measurements of dedicated positioning reference signals; ● Quality of Experience (QoE) -related measurements, such as data rate, packet delay, and packet loss rate; ● Channel State Information (CSI) reports; ● UE location information, such as cell ID; ● Radio link failure-related information; and ● Time-related information associated with any of the above data types.
[0096] The data plane can be in the form of a dedicated slice, or a dedicated PDU session, or a dedicated radio bearer (RB) used to transmit the data measured / collected by UE, which has low priority and relaxed latency requirements. A dedicated protocol layer (e.g., Data Plane Protocol Layer or Data Processing Protocol Layer, or Computing Protocol Layer, or AI protocol Layer, or the like) or function layer for data collection / processing is assumed present at UE, RAN, and DCE that are involved. In this disclosure, the term “dedicated radio bearer” may be used interchangeably with “data process radio bearer, ” and the term “dedicated PDU session” may be used interchangeably with “data process PDU session” or simply “PDU session. ”
[0097] FIG. 3 illustrates protocol layers related to data collection in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. In one example, for Approach 1, a Data Process Client is introduced above access stratum, End to End (E2E) between UE and DCE in CN / OAM / RAN domain, supported by dedicated PDU session or slice. In one example, for Approach 2, a Data Process Layer is introduced in access stratum (above PDCP) , E2E between UE and DCE in RAN, supported by dedicated radio bearer. As an example without limiting, the Data Process Layer may be placed above the PDCP layer, or alternatively above the SDAP, RLC, or MAC layer.
[0098] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process flow 400 where radio access network (RAN) selects UE for data collection and reporting in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process flow 400 involves a UE 210, a RAN node (hereafter “RAN” ) 220, and a data collection entity (DCE) 230 which can be located in CN, an OAM entity, or within a RAN domain (not collocated with RAN) . The process flow 400 may be applied to the wireless communications system 100 with reference to FIG. 1, for example, the UE 210 may be any of the UEs 104, the RAN 220 may be any of the network entities 102, and the DCE 230 may be included in the core network 106, in a form of a core network function node or other entities not shown in FIG. 1. It would be appreciated that the process flow 400 may be applied to other communication scenarios.
[0099] In Step 401, the DCE 230 sends a data collection request message to the RAN 220 requesting the collection of certain data, then the RAN 220 may select and configure the UE, via Step 402a, 402b RRC signaling, to perform data collection, e.g., logging certain measurement results in UE buffer and reporting of the collected data. In some embodiments, the RAN 220 may only select the UE that is in the RRC connected state and / or Connection Management (CM) state. In some embodiments, the RAN 220 only selects the UE that has UE consent granted for collecting the data of interest. In the process flow 400, the data plane setup can be performed before or after the data collection request.
[0100] In general, the messages between RAN 220 and DCE 230 in CN / OAM can be either service based interface (SBI) or NG-like interface messages. For example, the data collection request message at Step 401 can be sent from the DCE 230 to the RAN 220 via either a service based interface (SBI) message (e.g., in the format of Open API, and transmitted using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) protocol) , e.g., Nran_DataCollection_Request, or an NG-like interface message (e.g. in the form of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN. 1) , and transmitted using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) .
[0101] The message at Step 401 may indicate the data of interest including any of the following: ● Area of interest, e.g., list of cell ID. ● Radio condition of interest, e.g., cell center or cell edge determined by a certain radio quality threshold in RSRP. ● Time duration of interest ● Time interval between two consecutive logged measurement results, e.g., logging periodicity ● Layer1 measurements, e.g., beam quality measurements in RSRP, and can be of certain beams ● Layer3 measurements, e.g., L3 beam or L3 cell quality measurements in RSRP after applying a L3 filtering based on L1 measurement results, and can be of certain cells ● Sensing related measurements, e.g., L1 / L3 measurements of dedicated sensing reference signal ● Positioning related measurements, e.g., L1 / L3 measurements of dedicated positioning reference signal ● QoE related measurements, e.g., data rate, packet delay, packet loss rate. ● CSI report ● Radio link failure related information ● Priority related information ● A list of suggested UE ID, then RAN may further select UE from the list of suggested UE ID ● Data related to model transfer (e.g., model parameters, or dataset related to the model) ● Identifier to identity the data collection session / task
[0102] In some embodiments, the above may be represented by an abstractive (task) ID / Index that can be further mapped to a specific requirement for data collection (as pre-configured by the operator or by the DCE 230, then the RAN 220 can generate and provide the radio related configuration accordingly.
[0103] In general, the messages between the RAN 220 and the UE 210 can be either RRC signaling over the control plane, or the dedicated protocol layer signaling over the data plane. The RRC signaling at Step 402a or the dedicated protocol layer signaling at Step 402b conveyed in the dedicated radio bearer (RB) sent from RAN to UE may include one or multiple data collection configurations, and each signaling may further include an identifier (ID) related to the data collection configuration and priority related information.
[0104] The data collection configuration (s) may include a measurement related configuration, e.g., reference signal to be measured, cell to be measured, QoE metric to be measured, the periodicity of the measurements.
[0105] The data collection configuration (s) may further include a logging related configuration, e.g., the periodicity of logging the measurement results, the trigger of the logging (e.g., upon L1 / L3 radio event such as the measured L1 / L3 beam quality or the L3 cell quality is above or lower than a threshold) .
[0106] The data collection configuration (s) may further include a reporting related configuration, indicating one or more of: if the reporting is periodic with a given periodicity, if the reporting is upon further the RAN or DCE request, if the reporting is upon further the RAN or DCE’s permission, if the reporting is via the RRC signaling or via the data plane (e.g., a dedicated slice / PDU session / radio bearer) in the UL.
[0107] In some embodiments, depending on if it is RAN-centric data collection, the RAN 220 may configure the UE 210 to report via RRC (visible to RAN) , or via the data plane (not visible to RAN, and the RAN could request from the DCE later) .
[0108] In some example, the RRC signaling at Step 402a may also include an indication to trigger the setup of the data plane, if the data plane has not been setup yet.
[0109] According to the configuration in Step 402a and 402b, the UE 210 may start performing the measurements and logging the measurement results. The reporting may happen in three different ways as further described in the processes 41, 42, and 43.
[0110] In the process 41, the collected data is transmitted from the UE 210 to the DCE 230 via an end-to-end (E2E) data plane between the UE 210 and the DCE 230, e.g., a dedicated slicing or PDU session between the UE 210 and the DCE 230.
[0111] In Step 403, optionally, the UE 210 may indicate to the RAN 220 that the UE 210 has data available in its buffer, e.g., via RRC message in uplink. The data availability indication can be triggered upon, e.g., the UE buffer is full, a threshold (e.g., size value or a percentage value) of UE buffer is reached, or the data collection is finished.
[0112] In Step 404, the RAN 220 sends a message to UE, e.g., via RRC signaling, including the indication to allow the start of the data collection reporting via the data plane (e.g., via a Data Collection Reporting message) . The same message may further indicate any of the following: ● A time period (e.g. in the future few seconds) or a time window (e.g., from a start time point until a stop time point) that UE is allowed to transmit the data collection report containing the collected data. ● An area, represented by an area id or a list of cell id, that UE is allowed to transmit the data collection report when UE is within the area. ● A list of public land mobile network (PLMN) that UE is allowed to transmit the data collection report when UE connects to the PLMN. ● A size value (e.g., in KB or MB) that UE is allowed to transmit. ● A data collection session ID that is allowed to be reported. ● An id related to the data collection configuration that is allowed to be reported. ● A data type that is allowed to be reported.
[0113] In Step 405, the UE 210 generates and transmit a message containing the collected data to the DCE 230 via the data plane. In some embodiments, the UE 210 may first transmit collected data of higher priority as configured in Step 402a or 402b. In some embodiments, the message may be constrained by a maximum size.
[0114] In Step 406, the RAN 220 further sends another message to the UE 210, e.g., via RRC signaling, including an indication to stop the data collection reporting via the data plane.
[0115] In the process 42, the collected data is transmitted first from the UE 210 to the RAN 220 via an E2E data plane between the UE 210 and the RAN 220, e.g., a dedicated radio bearer. Then the RAN 220 further transfers the collected data to the DCE 230 via either a service-based interface message (e.g., in the format of OpenAPI, and transmitted using HTTP protocol) , or an NG-like interface message (e.g., in the format of ASN. 1, and transmitted using SCTP protocol) . Steps 407, 408a, 410a are the same as Step 403, 404, 406, thus not repeated here.
[0116] In some embodiments, the RAN 220 may send the indication of start reporting in Step 408b or the indication of stop reporting in Step 410b via dedicated protocol layer signaling conveyed in the dedicated RB.
[0117] In some embodiments, in the same messages in Steps 408a and 408b, the RAN 220 may further indicate to the UE 210 specific data to be reported, e.g., identified by the Id / Index related to the data collection configuration in Step 402a or 402b.
[0118] In Step 409, the UE 210 may first transmit the collected data of higher priority first as configured in Step 402a or 402b.
[0119] In the process 43, the collected data is transmitted first from the UE 210 to the RAN 220 via RRC signaling between the UE 210 and the RAN 220. Then the RAN 220 further transfers the collected data to the DCE 230 via either a service-based interface message (e.g., in the format of OpenAPI, and transmitted using HTTP protocol) , or an NG-like interface message (e.g., in the format of ASN. 1, and transmitted using SCTP protocol) .
[0120] In Step 411, the UE 210 indicates to the RAN 220 that the UE 210 has data available in its buffer, e.g., via RRC message in uplink. The data available indication can be triggered upon, e.g., the UE buffer is full, a threshold of UE buffer is reached, or the data collection is finished.
[0121] In Step 412, the RAN 220 requests certain type of data from the UE 210 via DL RRC message, e.g., UEInformationRequest.
[0122] In Step 13, the UE 210 sends the requested data to the RAN 220 via UL RRC message, e.g., UEInformationResponse. In Step 414, the RAN 220 further sends the requested data to the DCE 230.
[0123] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate an example of a process flow 500 where a data collection entity (DCE) selects UE for data collection and reporting and RAN aware of the selected UE is in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0124] In the process flow 500, the DCE 230 in CN, OAM, or RAN domain selects a UE for data collection (e.g., based on UE mobility info retrieved from AMF or other CN nodes) and the RAN node 220 is responsible of providing the radio configuration related to measurement and logging. The collected data is reported from the UE 210 to the DCE 230 via the data plane which can be E2E slicing or PDU session between the UE 210 and DCE 230. In some embodiments, the DCE 230 only selects the UE that is in RRC connected and / or Connection Management (CM) connected state. In some embodiments, the DCE 230 only selects the UE that has UE consent granted for collecting the data of interest. In the process flow 500, the data plane setup can be performed before or after the data collection request.
[0125] FIG. 5A illustrates data collection configuration provision, which can be implemented by any of the processes 51, 52, or 53.
[0126] In the process 51, the UE 210 first receives the data collection request from the DCE 230 via a data plane message, and then requests the corresponding measurement and logging configuration from the RAN 220.
[0127] In Step 501, after the establishment of the data plane (e.g., E2E slice or PDU session between the UE 210 and the DCE 230) , the DCE 230 sends a data collection request message to the UE 210 via the data plane, which indicates the UE 210 about the data of interest to be collected by the UE as described in the Step 401 in FIG. 4. The message may further indicate the priority information of the data of interest. The message may further indicate if the UE needs to wait for another signaling (e.g., RRC or dedicated protocol signaling) before start transmitting the data collection report.
[0128] Step 502a, the UE 210 sends a message to the RAN 220 requesting the RAN 220 to provide a list of candidate parameters or parameter sets related to the measurement and logging of the data of interest as indicated by the DCE 230 in Step 501. The message may further indicate the information of the data of interest, e.g., name of the use case such as “beamPrediction” or “sensing” or “QoE” .
[0129] In Step 502a-i, correspondingly, the RAN 220 may provide a list of candidate parameters or parameter sets that the RAN 220 can provide. In Step 502a-ii, the UE 210 may send another signaling to the RAN 220 indicating its preferred candidate parameters or parameter sets related to the data collection.
[0130] In Step 502b, alternatively, the UE 210 may send a message to the RAN 220 requesting the RAN 220 to provide radio configuration (s) related to the data collection. The message may further include information related to the data of interest as described in the Step 401 in FIG. 4.
[0131] In Step 3, the RAN 220 may generate and provide the configuration (s) related to data collection in RRC or the dedicated protocol layer message, which may include any of the information as described in Step 402 in FIG. 4.
[0132] In the process 52, the RAN 220 provide the data collection configuration (s) to the UE 210 via RRC or dedicated protocol layer signaling upon a data collection request from the DCE 230.
[0133] In Step 504, the DCE 230 transmits a data collection request message to the RAN 220 indicating the data of interest, similar as described in Step 401 in FIG. 4. In addition, the DCE 230 may indicate the ID information of one or multiple UEs to help the RAN 220 identify the UE 210.
[0134] In Step 505, the RAN 220 correspondingly configures the UE 210 with data collection configuration (s) , similar as described in Step 402 in FIG. 4.
[0135] In Step 506, the RAN 220 may reply to the DCE 230 a response message, indicating the acceptance or successful configuration of the data collection for part of or all of the one or multiple UEs.
[0136] In Step 507, the RAN 220 may send over the data plane a data collection request message to the UE 210 requesting data of interest similar as described in Step 401 in FIG. 4.
[0137] In the process 53, the RAN 220 may provide the data collection configuration (s) to the DCE 230 first, and the DCE 230 may send the data collection configuration (s) to the UE 210 via the data plane.
[0138] In Step 508, the DCE 230 may transmit a message to the RAN 220 indicating the data of interest, similar as described in Step 401 in FIG. 4. In addition, the DCE 230 may also indicate the ID information of one or multiple UEs to help the RAN 220 identify the UE 210.
[0139] In Step 509, the RAN 220 correspondingly generates and provides data collection configuration (s) , similar as described in Step 402 in FIG. 4, to DCE
[0140] In Step 510, the DCE 230 may send the data collection configuration (s) to the UE via the data plane.
[0141] In some embodiment, after the UE 210 receives the data collection request message from the DCE 230 according to the processes 51, 52, or 53, the UE may reply a response (e.g., Data Collection Response) message to the DCE 230, which may indicate the acceptance or rejection of some of the requested data to be collected. In case of rejection, it may further indicate the cause, e.g., lack of radio configuration, lack of buffer, buffer is full.
[0142] In some embodiments, the data collection request / response message and the data collection reporting message are mapped to different radio bearers or different QoS flows within the data plane of dedicated slicing or PDU session.
[0143] FIG. 5B illustrates reporting of collected data, continuing the process flow depicted in FIG. 5A. The reporting of collected data may be implemented by the process 54 or 55.
[0144] In the process 54, the UE 210 may optionally indicate to the RAN 220 that the UE 210 has data available in its buffer in Step 511, which is similar as described in Step 403 in FIG. 4. The RAN 220 may determine to allow the transmission of data collection report when regular traffic load is low.
[0145] In Step 512, the RAN 220 may indicate to the UE 210 via air interface (e.g., RRC or dedicated protocol layer signaling) the transmission of data collection report is allowed. Then, in Step 513, the UE 210 may transmit the collected data to the DCE 230 via the data plane. In Step 514, the RAN 220 may transmit a message indicating the UE to stop transmission of the data collection report. The process 54 is similar as described in the process 41 in FIG. 4.
[0146] In the process 55, the RAN 220 first indicates to the DCE 230 if the transmission of data collection report is allowed, explicitly or implicitly (via indicating the traffic load) , then the DCE 230 further sends the indication to allow or disallow the data collection reporting via the data plane (e.g., via a Data Collection Reporting message) .
[0147] In Step 515a, the UE 210 may indicate to the RAN 220 that data is available in its buffer. Alternatively, in Step 515b, the UE 210 may indicate the data availability to the DCE 230.
[0148] In step 517, the RAN 220 may indicate to the DCE 230 if the transmission of data collection reporting is allowed for one or multiple UEs, or for all UEs within certain area (e.g., list of cells) . If the UE 210 is allowed to transmit the data collect report, in Step 518, the DCE 230 may transmit a message including an indication of start reporting to the UE 210 via the data plane. The message content may be similar as the message described in Step 404.
[0149] In Step 519, in response to reception of the permission to transmit the collected data, the UE 210 may transmit the data collect report to the DCE 230 via the data plane.
[0150] In Step 520, the RAN 220 may indicate to the DCE 230 denial of permission for the one or multiple UEs to report the collected data. In Step 521, the DCE 230 may transmit a message, via the data plane, indicting the UE 210 to stop transmission of the data collection report.
[0151] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a process flow 600 where DCE selects UE for data collection and reporting and RAN is not aware of the selected UE in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0152] In Step 608, the DCE 230 may request data collection configuration (s) from the RAN 220. In Step 609, the RAN 220 provides the data collection configuration (s) to the DCE 230. In Step 610, the DCE 230 transmit a data collect request message including the data collection configuration (s) to the UE via the data plane. In some embodiments, the DCE 230 may only select UEs that are in RRC connected and / or CM connected state. In some embodiments, the DCE 230 only selects the UE that has UE consent granted for collecting the data of interest.
[0153] In the process flow 600, the data collection configuration (s) is rather static and not UE specific, e.g., measurement related to the positioning or sensing related reference signal, then DCE 230 can request the non-UE specific data collection configuration (s) from the RAN 220. Then upon UE selection by the DCE 230, the DCE 230 may send the data collection request message to the UE 210 via a data plane message, including the related data collection configuration (s) provided from the RAN 220.
[0154] In some embodiments, the data collection configuration (s) provided from the RAN 220 to the DCE 230 may include measurement related configuration, while the logging or reporting related configuration can be provided by the DCE 230.
[0155] The process 61 is similar as the process 53 in FIG. 5, only that the DCE 230 does not indicate to the RAN 220 about the ID (s) of one or multiple UEs, and the configuration (s) for data collection provided by the RAN 220 is not UE specific. The process 62, including Steps 617-621, is similar to process 55, Steps 517–521, shown in FIG. 5, except that the RAN 220 does not indicate to the DCE 230 about the ID (s) of one or multiple UEs.
[0156] In some embodiments, the data collection entity may co-locate with the RAN node, and the data collection entity can be implemented as part of the RAN internal functionality. In this case, the signaling between the RAN 220 and the DCE 230 in FIG. 4, FIG. 5A and 5B, and FIG. 6 are not needed. All signaling between UE and RAN / DCE is either RRC signaling or the dedicated protocol layer signaling. For example, the RAN node which is collocated with a DCE may transmit a data collection request indicating data to be collected to UE together with data collection configuration (s) , and may receive from the UE data collection response indicating acceptance or rejection of the requested data to be collected.
[0157] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a device that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 700 may be an example of a UE 104 or network entity 102 as described herein. The device 700 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 700 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 702, a memory 704, a transceiver 706, and, optionally, an I / O controller 708. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0158] The processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0159] In some implementations, the processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 702 and the memory 704 coupled with the processor 702 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 702, instructions stored in the memory 704) .
[0160] The device 700 may be an example of a network entity comprising or acting as an SMF in core network. In this case, the processor 702 may be configured to operable to support means for determining to perform N3 delay variation detection for a quality of service (QoS) flow; and means for configuring, based on a result of the N3 delay variation detection, a random access network (RAN) node with a QoS flow identifier (QFI) of the QoS flow and an indication of activating real time access network (AN) packet delay budget (PDB) calculation.
[0161] The device 700 may be an example of a UE 104. In this case, the processor 702 may be configured to operable to support means for receiving, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a data collection entity (DCE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration; means for performing data collection based on the first message; means for receiving, from the RAN node or the DCE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data; and means for reporting the collected data based on the second message.
[0162] The device 700 may be an example of a network entity 102, e.g. a network entity comprising the RAN node 220. In this case, the processor 702 may be configured to operable to support means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration; and means for transmitting, to the UE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data.
[0163] The device 700 may be an example of a network entity, e.g. a data collection entity 230 in CN, OAM, or RAN domain. In this case, the processor 702 may be configured to operable to support means for transmitting, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first data collection request indicating data to be collected; means for receiving, from the RAN node, at least one data collection configuration associated with the data to be collected; and means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a second data collection request indicating the at least one data collection configuration.
[0164] The processor 702 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 702 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 702. The processor 702 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 704) to cause the device 700 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0165] The memory 704 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 702 cause the device 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 702 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 704 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0166] The I / O controller 708 may manage input and output signals for the device 700. The I / O controller 708 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 700. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 702. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 700 via the I / O controller 708 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 708.
[0167] In some implementations, the device 700 may include a single antenna 710. However, in some other implementations, the device 700 may have more than one antenna 710 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 706 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 710, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 706 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 706 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 710 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 710. The transceiver 706 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0168] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 710 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0169] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 710 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0170] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a processor 800 is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 800 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 800 may include a controller 802 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 800 may optionally include at least one memory 804. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 800 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 806. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0171] The processor 800 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0172] The controller 802 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 800 to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 802 may operate as a control unit of the processor 800, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 800. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0173] The controller 802 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 802 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 804. The controller 802 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 802 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 800 to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 802 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 800. The controller 802 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 800.
[0174] The memory 804 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 800 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 804 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 800) . In some other implementations, the memory 804 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 800) .
[0175] The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 800, cause the processor 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 802 and / or the processor 800 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 800 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 800 and / or the controller 802 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, the processor 800, the controller 802, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 800 may include multiple processors and the memory 804 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0176] The one or more ALUs 806 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 806 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 806 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) . One or more ALUs 806 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 806 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 806 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 806 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 806 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0177] The processor 800 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 800 may implemented at a UE. In this case, the processor 800 may be configured to operable to support means for receiving, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a data collection entity (DCE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration; means for performing data collection based on the first message; means for receiving, from the RAN node or the DCE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data; and means for reporting the collected data based on the second message.
[0178] The processor 800 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 800 may implemented at a first network entity, e.g. a RAN node. In this case, the processor 800 may be configured to operable to support means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration; and means for transmitting, to the UE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data.
[0179] The processor 800 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 800 may implemented at a second network entity, e.g. a data collection entity in CN / OA / RAN domain. In this case, the processor 800 may be configured to operable to support means for transmitting, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first data collection request indicating data to be collected; means for receiving, from the RAN node, at least one data collection configuration associated with the data to be collected; and means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a second data collection request indicating the at least one data collection configuration.
[0180] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 performed by a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a UE 210 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0181] At 910, the method may include receiving, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a data collection entity (DCE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by the UE 210 as described with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6.
[0182] At 920, the method may include performing data collection based on the first message. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by the UE 210 as described with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6.
[0183] At 930, the method may include receiving, from the RAN node or the DCE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data. The operations of 930 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 930 may be performed by the UE 210 as described with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6.
[0184] At 940, the method may include reporting the collected data based on the second message. The operations of 940 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 940 may be performed by the UE 210 as described with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6.
[0185] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 performed by a first network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a RAN node 220 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0186] At 1010, the method may include transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by the RAN node 220 as described with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6.
[0187] At 1020, the method may include transmitting, to the UE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data. The operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by the RAN node 220 as described with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6.
[0188] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 performed by a second network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by the data collection entity (DCE) 230 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0189] At 1110, the method may include transmitting, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first data collection request indicating data to be collected. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by the DCE 230 as described with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6.
[0190] At 1120, the method may include receiving, from the RAN node, at least one data collection configuration associated with the data to be collected. The operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by the DCE 230 as described with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6.
[0191] At 1130, the method may include transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a second data collection request indicating the at least one data collection configuration. The operations of 1130 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1130 may be performed by the DCE 230 as described with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6.
[0192] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0193] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0194] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0195] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0196] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0197] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a data collection entity (DCE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration;perform data collection based on the first message;receive, from the RAN node or the DCE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data; andreport the collected data based on the second message.2.The UE of claim 1, whereinthe first message and the second message are received from the RAN node via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, or via a data process layer signaling conveyed in a data process radio bearer (RB) .3.The UE of claim 2, wherein the first message is radio resource control (RRC) signaling including an indication to trigger setup of a data plane.4.The UE of claim 1, whereinthe first message and the second message are received from the DCE via a data plane.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive a data collection request indicating data to be collected.6.The UE of claim 5, wherein the data collection request is comprised in the first message.7.The UE of claim 5, wherein the data collection request further indicates that the UE is to wait for permission to report the collected data.8.The UE of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, in response to receiving the data collection request, a request for the at least one data collection configuration to the RAN node.9.The UE of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit a data collection response indicating acceptance or rejection of the requested data to be collected.10.The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one data collection configuration includes a reporting related configuration indicating at least one of the following:whether reporting is performed upon receiving a request from the RAN node or the DCE;whether reporting is performed upon receiving a permission from the RAN node or the DCE;whether reporting is performed via RRC signaling or via a data plane.11.The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, to the RAN node or the DCE, an indication that the collected data are available for reporting.12.The UE of claim 1, wherein the second message further indicates at least one of the following:a time window during which the UE is allowed to report the collected data;an area in which the UE is allowed to report the collected data;at least one public land mobile network (PLMN) that the UE is allowed to report the collected data when the UE connects to the at least one PLMN;a data size that the UE is allowed to report;a data collection session identifier that is allowed to be reported;an identifier related to a data collection configuration that is allowed to be reported; ora data type that is allowed to be reported.13.The UE of claim 1, wherein, to report the collected data, the processor is configured to:transmit a message containing the collected data to the DCE via a data plane, or to the RAN node via RRC signaling or data process layer signaling.14.The UE of claim 13, wherein the message is constrained by a maximum size.15.The UE of claim 1, wherein the collected data is reported based on a priority of the collected data.16.The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:receive, from the RAN node or the DCE, a third message indicating the UE to stop reporting the collected data.17.A first network entity comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration; andtransmit, to the UE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data.18.The first network entity of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, to a DCE, an indication of granting permission for one or more UEs to report the collected data; andtransmit, to the DCE, an indication of denial of permission for the one or more UEs to report the collected data.19.A second network entity comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first data collection request indicating data to be collected;receive, from the RAN node, at least one data collection configuration associated with the data to be collected; andtransmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a second data collection request indicating the at least one data collection configuration.20.A method performed by a user equipment (UE) , the method comprising:receiving, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a data collection entity (DCE) , a first message indicating at least one data collection configuration;performing data collection based on the first message;receiving, from the RAN node or the DCE, a second message indicating permission for the UE to report collected data; andreporting the collected data based on the second message.