Artificial intelligence-supported BUR circuit for pulp capping procedure in restorative dental treatment and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a bur circuit developed with the aim of guiding the physician in caries removal procedures using Raman spectroscopy and artificial intelligence-supported image processing technologies without damaging the pulp part of the tooth in the treatment of damaged and carious teeth, and a method for the control of a bur via this bur circuit.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-SUPPORTED BUR CIRCUIT FOR PULP CAPPING PROCEDURE IN RESTORATIVE DENTAL TREATMENT AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

[0003] Technical Field

[0004] The invention relates to a bur circuit developed with the aim of guiding the physician in caries removal procedures using Raman spectroscopy and artificial intelligence-supported image processing technologies without damaging the pulp part of the tooth in the treatment of damaged and carious teeth, and a method for the control of a bur via this bur circuit.

[0005] Prior Art

[0006] Restorative dental treatment encompasses a series of procedures applied to restore the function and aesthetics of decayed, broken, or worn teeth. This treatment supports the general health of the mouth by preserving or improving the natural appearance of the tooth. Methods such as fillings, crowns, bridges, or implants can be used during the procedure.

[0007] In restorative dental treatment, caries removal is an important stage involving cleaning the carious tissue by preserving the remaining sound structure of the tooth. When the procedure starts, the dentist starts to remove the carious tooth tissue using a bur or drill. These instruments are used to soften and clean the carious tissue. The dentist carefully removes the soft and carious tissues around the tooth until cleaning the entirety of the carious tissue. This process is performed entirely according to the physician's visual observation and manual dexterity. After the carious tissue is completely cleaned, the dentist selects a suitable filling material depending on the condition and size of the tooth. The filling material is used to repair and strengthen the structure of the tooth. Various filling materials such as composite resin, amalgam, or ceramic are available.

[0008] Among the problems that may be encountered during the caries removal process, the fact that the carious tissue has progressed deep into the tooth, and for this reason, its complete cleaning being difficult, are included. While working carefully to completely clean the carious tissue, the dentist may sometimes encounter situations such as the carious tissue extending up to the root canals or damaging the hard tissues under the tooth. These situations can prolong the procedure and make the treatment complicated. Furthermore, technical difficulties such as the canals of the tooth not being able to be visualized completely or not being able to be accessed may also be experienced during the caries removal process. These situations can affect the treatment process and may require the dentist to perform a more careful and detailed work.

[0009] The document numbered EP3090699A1, discloses a system directed to the recording and providing of three-dimensional data characteristics relating to the bone, soft tissue, and oral condition of a patient by means of sensors.

[0010] The document numbered KR20090117477A, discloses a drill wherein the drill is stopped when the pressure is reduced by using the difference between the pressure formed when the pressure-sensitive drill is in contact with bone and the pressure formed when it is in contact with other tissues.

[0011] The document numbered CN108904076A, discloses a dental drill capable of providing feedback and a method developed to prevent giving more pain to the patient and to prevent medical application errors according to the application of pressure feedback.

[0012] The document numbered WO2019107864A1, discloses a device displaying a warning message to inform the user with a sensor that the bur to be used in the determination of the tooth drilling depth is outside the setting range of the three- dimensional spatial angle.

[0013] The document numbered DE102010014148A1, discloses a method directed to the activation and operation of a bone drill, which is to be determined in accordance with the tooth, in an extremely precise manner by means of sensors.

[0014] The document numbered US11234794B2, discloses a method including the modeling of one or more virtual force systems against tooth representations to be obtained from a virtual environment according to the mass of the patient tooth.

[0015] The document numbered CN210204949U, discloses a root canal drill used in dental treatment and the ease of adjusting, repairing, and treating of the drill body under different conditions.

[0016] In the studies included in the state of the art, the need for the development of a bur circuit developed with the aim of guiding the physician in caries removal procedures without damaging the main parts of the tooth before the treatment of damaged and carious teeth, and of the control of a bur via this bur circuit, has been felt.

[0017] Objectives of the Invention

[0018] The object of this invention is to develop a bur circuit with the aim of guiding the physician in caries removal procedures using Raman spectroscopy and artificial intelligence-supported image processing technologies without damaging the pulp part of the tooth in the treatment of damaged and carious teeth, and of a method for the control of a bur via this bur circuit.

[0019] Another object of the invention aims for the learning of the artificial intelligence by representing the carious parts of the tooth with electrical resistance in ohms as in an electrical circuit and analyzing these resistance values with machine learning algorithms. Another object of the invention is to develop a bur circuit to ensure the treatment of the tooth with the filling process without damaging the pulp in the treatment of carious tooth and damaged tooth before the root canal treatment process is applied, and to strengthen the structure of the tooth and to ensure its protection in a successful manner after the treatment, and of a method for the control of a bur via this bur circuit.

[0020] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0021] The bur circuit developed to achieve the object of this invention is shown in the attached figures.

[0022] These figures;

[0023] Figure 1: A perspective view of the parts located in the bur circuit subject to the invention.

[0024] Figure 2a: A front view of the bur electrical circuit.

[0025] Figure 2b: A side view of the bur electrical circuit.

[0026] Figure 2c: A top view of the bur electrical circuit.

[0027] Figure 2d: A view of the EE section located in Figure 2c.

[0028] Figure 2e: A sectional view of the part numbered 7.

[0029] Figure 2f: A bottom view of the part numbered 7

[0030] Figure 3: An exemplary electrical equivalent resistance value graph dependent on the depth level that can be used during the application of the bur control method subject to the invention. The parts located in the figure have been numbered individually, and the equivalents of these numbers are given below.

[0031] 1. Bur control unit

[0032] 2. Energy input cable

[0033] 3. Motor control buttons

[0034] 4. LCD screen

[0035] 5. Artificial intelligence-supported circuit board

[0036] 6. Air and energy connection cable

[0037] 7. Bur body

[0038] 8. Raman spectroscopy and camera module

[0039] 9. Bur (drill)

[0040] 10. LED illumination

[0041] 11. Camera

[0042] 12. Raman spectroscopy

[0043] 13. Raman signal collector

[0044] 14. Air outlet channel

[0045] A bur circuit developed with the aim of guiding the physician in caries removal procedures using Raman spectroscopy and artificial intelligence-supported image processing technologies without damaging the pulp part of the tooth in the treatment of damaged and carious teeth, and a method for the control of a bur via this bur circuit, and comprises; selecting a tooth located in the jawbone from the LCD screen (4), which is an input interface device, via the bur control unit (1) receiving energy with an energy input cable (2), firstly before treatment, loading the electrical equivalent resistance value to the bur body (7) according to the tooth selected from the screen, feeding the equivalent resistance value to an artificial intelligence-supported circuit board (5), attaching a Raman spectroscopy and camera module (8), on which Raman spectroscopy (12), a sensitive camera (11), an air outlet channel (14), and LED illumination (10) are located, to the bur body (7), connecting the air and energy connection cable (6) providing the connection of the bur body (7) and the bur control unit (1) to each other, attaching the bur (9) into the module (8), receiving the hardness data according to the chemical structure of the tooth with the Raman spectroscopy and sensitive camera module (8) when the tooth starts to be cleaned, and feeding it to the artificial intelligence- supported circuit board (5), retrieving the depth level corresponding to the hardness data with the equivalent resistance value and the Raman signal collector (13) transferred to the Raman spectroscopy (12) sensor from the artificial intelligence- supported circuit board (5), changing the electrical value of the bur (9) proportionally with the decrease of the hardness value while the tooth is being cleaned, and stopping the motor in the case that it is determined that a certain depth level has been reached depending on this.

[0046] The bur control unit (1) is also managed by the physician with the motor control buttons (3).

[0047] Within the scope of the invention, analyzing the carious parts of the tooth in real time with Raman spectroscopy (12) and a high-resolution camera (11) to be integrated onto the bur body (7) is aimed. Raman spectroscopy (12) will detect the carious regions by determining the chemical composition of the tooth tissue, and this information will be converted into electrical resistance values. The artificial intelligence-supported circuit board (5) will create a model specific to the tooth profile of each patient using these resistance data, and in this way, the sensitivity of the bur (9) movements will be increased. Electrical resistance data will be updated continuously with machine learning algorithms and will be optimized according to the tooth structures of different patients.

[0048] The bur body (7) will detect the critical changes in the electrical resistance values when it approaches the pulp while cleaning the carious part of the tooth and will stop automatically. In this way, the damaging of the pulp by the dentist will be prevented in an autonomous manner. All these processes will be able to be monitored and controlled in real time via an LCD body screen (4). It will be ensured that the dentist detects situations requiring intervention easily and receives instantaneous feedback during the procedure.

[0049] Furthermore, the electrical resistance profiles created for each patient will be stored in the patient database and will be able to be used as a reference for future treatments. As a result, this project aims to improve patient comfort and treatment quality by increasing the safety and accuracy of caries removal procedures in dentistry. This innovative system, integrated with Raman spectroscopy, artificial intelligence, and electrical resistance measurements, will ensure the cleaning of dental caries in a precise manner and the minimizing of the risk of damaging the pulp.

[0050] The equivalent resistance value is dependent on the depth level so as to cover the resistance values corresponding to different layers of the tooth. The algorithm retrieves the equivalent resistance value selected from among a series of equivalent resistance values dependent on the depth level, corresponding to different teeth, and ensures the determination of the depth level by comparing the sensor hardness data with the retrieved equivalent resistance value dependent on the depth level. For this, just as the algorithm may use a table containing the hardness value of each equivalent resistance level corresponding to the depth level, it utilizes artificial intelligence in a preferred application of the invention. The specific depth level at which the motor will be stopped may be a predefined depth level, a depth level determined by the physician via an input interface device, or a depth level determined automatically via artificial intelligence.

[0051] The input interface device is a device where physician selections relating to the tooth and the related equivalent resistance value can be received. This input interface device can also include an output interface device, such as a screen enabling a selection to be made from among visual icons corresponding to values that can be selected by the physician, also in an integrated manner. The input interface device is preferably a TFT LCD screen (4).

[0052] Prior to the pulp capping procedure, firstly the dentist evaluates the patient's dental problem, and examines the condition of the tooth with X-rays and examination. In tooth anatomy, the equivalent resistance model to hardness values shows difference according to the tooth parts. For this reason, the electrical equivalent resistance value is loaded to the bur body (7) depending on the hardness degree of the tooth selected from the teeth located in the jawbone from the TFT LCD (4) screen. This value is entered into the device as artificial intelligence data. The bur torque is provided by a motor fed from a power source. The bur (9), having a hardness measurement sensor inside and in the peripheral diameter, is attached to the motor output located at the tip of the bur (9). The motor output is a transmission device extending along an extension of the body and connected to the motor where the motor control buttons (3) found inside the bur body (7) are, preferably, just as it may be a shaft directly connected to the motor. When the caries in the tooth starts to be cleaned with the bur operation, the sensor inside the bur (9) measures a variable corresponding to the hardness of the tooth, and the relevant data is received by the bur circuit. As the caries on the tooth is abraded with the bur operation, the electrical equivalent of the hardness value changes, and when a predefined depth level corresponding to a thickness accepted as safety around the pulp is reached, the bur (9) stops automatically. At the same time, if the physician wishes, he / she is able to perform operations such as sudden stopping or accelerating of the bur with the motor control buttons (3) on the bur control unit (1) as well. This process continues until the tooth caries is cleaned in every axis, and the caries is cleaned in a safe manner with the aid of automatic control without damaging the pulp.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A bur circuit developed with the aim of guiding the physician in caries removal procedures using Raman spectroscopy and artificial intelligence- supported image processing technologies without damaging the pulp part of the tooth in the treatment of damaged and carious teeth, and a method for the control of a bur via this bur circuit, characterized in that it comprises; selecting a tooth located in the jawbone from the LCD screen (4), which is an input interface device, with a bur control unit (1), loading the electrical equivalent resistance value to the bur body (7) according to the tooth selected from the screen, feeding the equivalent resistance value to an artificial intelligence-supported circuit board (5), receiving the hardness data according to the chemical structure of the tooth with a Raman spectroscopy and sensitive camera module (8), which is connected to the bur body (7) and on which Raman spectroscopy (12), a sensitive camera (11), an air outlet channel (14), and LED illumination (10) are found, when the tooth starts to be cleaned, and feeding [it] to the artificial intelligence-supported circuit board (5), retrieving the depth level corresponding to the hardness data with the Raman signal collector (13) transferred to the Raman spectroscopy (12) sensor and the equivalent resistance value from the intelligence-supported circuit board (5), changing of the electrical value of the bur (9) proportionally with the decrease of the hardness value while the tooth is being cleaned, and stopping of the motor in the case that it is determined that a certain depth level has been reached depending on this.

2. The bur control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth level corresponding to the equivalent resistance value and the hardness data received from the sensor is determined by artificial intelligence.

3. The bur control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific depth level is a predefined depth level, a depth level determined by the physician via the LCD screen (4) which is an input interface device, or a depth level determined automatically via artificial intelligence.

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