Personal care compositions

Abstract

Described herein is personal care composition comprising a surfactant blend that is free of sulfates and betaines, wherein the personal care composition comprises a surfactant blend comprising an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant and at least one preservative. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the personal care composition.

Description

PERSONAL CARE COMPOSITIONSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority from Chinese Patent Application No.202411964550.5, filed 27 December 2024, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.BACKGROUND

[0002] Many personal care compositions that are available in the market today have multiple ingredients, which serves to drive high production cost and processing time, as well as increase the risk of allergens and irritants for certain populations. Furthermore, multiple surfactants are utilized in personal care and home care products to impart foaming properties, and the use of certain surfactants may raise concerns about environmental influences in addition to dermatological issues.

[0003] Many surfactants commonly used in personal care compositions contain sulfates. Sulfates are relatively inexpensive and can easily be thickened with common ingredients such as sodium chloride. Sulfates, however, including common sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), can be harsh on the skin, leading to dryness and irritation. Many consumers may seek gentle, sulfate-free options that help maintain the skin’s natural moisture barrier. Many consumers may also have sensitive skin or conditions like eczema and psoriasis, and therefore seek sulfate-free products that can reduce the risk of irritation and discomfort.

[0004] Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is an another surfactant ingredient that can be used in many personal care compositions, including shampoo, shower gel, body washes, and liquid hand washes, making it a common surfactant used in the skin care industry. However, CAPB has been designated as a potential allergen, leading to a growing consumer preference for betaine-free personal care compositions.

[0005] Accordingly, there is a need for effective personal care compositions that exhibit adequate foaming, stability, viscosity, and micro robustness, without significantly irritating the skin and being free of ingredients of concern, such as sulfates and betaine.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0006] The present disclosure is directed to a personal care composition, such as a liquid cleansing composition, comprising a surfactant blend that comprises or consists of an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, and at least one preservative, wherein the personal care composition is free of or substantially free of sulfates and betaine, including SLS, SLES, and CAPB.

[0007] In various embodiments, the anionic surfactant is an acyl taurate or a salt thereof, such as methyl cocoyl taurate (e.g.. sodium methyl cocoyl taurate). In certain embodiments, the anionic surfactant is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt%, such as about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% or about 3.5 wt% to about 4 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care compositions.

[0008] According to certain embodiments disclosed herein, the amphoteric surfactant is an amphoacetate, and in certain embodiments, the amphoteric surfactant is selected from sodium cocoamphoacetate or sodium lauroamphoacetate. In certain exemplary embodiments, the amphoteric surfactant is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt%, such as about 4 wt% to about 7 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 6 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0009] In certain embodiments, the at least one preservative is selected from lactic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, and combinations thereof, preferably lactic acid, and in certain embodiments, the at least one preservative is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 5 wt%, such as from about 1 wt% to about 2 wt%, by weight relative to a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0010] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition further comprises at least one liquid earner, such as water. In various embodiments of the disclosure, the personal care composition further comprises at least one fragrance, and in various embodiments, the at least one fragrance is present in an amount of about 0.3 wt% to about 1.3 wt%, such as about 0.4 wt% to about 0.9 wt%, by weight based on a total weight of the personal care composition. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition further comprises at least one foam booster.

[0011] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition has a viscosity ranging from about 3000 cps to about 6000 cps, such as from about 4000 cps to about 5500 cps, from about 4500 cps to about 5250 cps, or about 5000 cps.

[0012] In certain aspects of the disclosure, the personal care composition comprises a surfactant blend that consists of an acyl taurate and an amphoacetate, such as sodium methyl cocoyl taurate and sodium cocoamphoacetate, and in certain aspects, the amphoteric surfactant and the anionic surfactant are present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 5:1, such as from about 1:1 to about 2:1, about 1.4:1, about 1.5:1, or about 1.46:1.

[0013] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition is a bath soap, shower gel, shampoo, conditioner, body wash, or skin cleanser, preferably a body wash, and in certain embodiments, the personal care composition has a micro robustness index of at least about 0.85, such as at least about 1.0, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.3, or at least about 1.4. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition has a pH ranging from about 4 to about 5.

[0014] Other embodiments of the present disclosure include a method of manufacturing a personal care product comprising the personal care composition disclosed herein, the method comprising: blending together the at least one anionic surfactant, the at least one amphoteric surfactant, the at least one preservative, and any additional optional ingredients in a liquid carrier to form a personal care composition as disclosed herein (e.g.. a personal care composition that is free of sulfates and betaine); and adding a predetermined volume of the personal care composition to a container to form the personal care product.

[0015] Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the disclosure, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The features, and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more detailed description of certain embodiments and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

[0017] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the foaming profiles of foam volume (mb) over time for the Control formulation (“PO Olive BW”) and Prototype 6 (“new sulfate free BW”), as described in Example 3.

[0018] FIG.2 is a graph showing the maximum foam volume achieved for the Control formulation (“PO Olive BW”) and Prototype 6 (“new sulfate free BW”), as described in Example 3.

[0019] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the foaming speed (mm / s) of the Control formulation (“PO Olive BW”) and Prototype 6 (“new sulfate free BW”), as described in Example 3.

[0020] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the initial bubble counts per mm3of the Control formulation (“PO Olive BW”) and Prototype 6 (“new sulfate free BW”), as described in Example 3.

[0021] FIG. 5 is a graph showing initial bubble size (pin) of the Control formulation (“PO Olive BW”) and Prototype 6 (“new sulfate free BW”), as described in Example 3,

[0022] It should be understood that the various aspects are not limited to the compositions, arrangements, and instrumentality shown in the figures.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following description of the various embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses.

[0024] As used throughout, ranges are used as shorthand for describing each and every value that is within the range. Any value within the range can be selected as the terminus of the range. In addition, all references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. In the event of a conflict in a definition in the present disclosure and that of a cited reference, the present disclosure controls.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and amounts expressed herein and elsewhere in the specification should be understood to refer to percentages by weight. The amounts given are based on the active weight of the material. According to the present application, the term “about” means + / - 10% or less of the reference value. According to the present application, the term “substantially free of’ or “free of’ indicates less than about 0.1 wt% based on the total of the referenced value, such as less than about 0.01 wt%, less than about 0.001 wt%, less than about 0.0001 wt%, or an amount that is not detectable.

[0026] As used herein, the use of a compound comprising several isomers or stereoisomers includes all the isomeric forms of that compound. When referring to chemical structures and names, the symbols “C”, “H”, and “O” mean carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, respectively. The symbols “=” and “=” mean single bond, double bond, and triple bond, respectively. For readability purposes, the chemical functional groups are in their adjective form; for each of the adjectives, the word “group” is assumed. For example, the adjective “alkyl” without a noun thereafter should be read as “an alkyl group.”

[0027] Any member in a list of species that are used to exemplify or define a genus may be mutually different from, or overlapping with, or a subset of, or equivalent to, or nearly the same as, or identical to, any other member of the list of species. Further, unless explicitly stated, such as when reciting a Markush group, the list of species that define or exemplify the genus is open, and it is given that other species may exist that define or exemplify the genus just as well as, or better than, any other species listed.

[0028] All components and elements positively set forth in this disclosure can be negatively excluded from the claims. In other words, the personal care compositions of the instant disclosure can be free or essentially free of all components and elements positively recited throughout the instant disclosure. In some instances, the personal care compositions of the present disclosure may be substantially free of non-incidental amounts of the ingredient(s) or compound(s) described herein. A non-incidental amount of an ingredient or compound is the amount of that ingredient or compound that is added into the personal care composition by itself. For example, a personal care composition may be substantially free of a non-incidental amount of an ingredient or compound, although such ingredient(s) or compound(s) may be present as part of a raw material that is included as a blend of two or more compounds.

[0029] Some of the various categories of components identified may overlap. In such cases where overlap may exist and the personal care composition includes both components (or the composition includes more than two components that overlap), an overlapping compound does not represent more than one component. For example, caprylyl glycol may be characterized as both a humectant and a preservative. If a particular personal care composition includes both a humectant and a preservative, caprylyl glycol will serve only as either a humectant or a preservative — not both.

[0030] As used herein, the terms “composition” and “formulation” can be used interchangeably within the specification.

[0031] Aspects of the disclosure are directed to a personal care composition. The personal care composition may comprise a surfactant blend. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition may comprises a surfactant blend comprising at least two surfactants, such as at least three surfactants, and in certain embodiments, the personal care composition may comprise a surfactant blend consisting of two surfactants or consisting of three surfactants. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition comprises a surfactant blend comprising or consisting of at least one anionic surfactant and at least one amphoteric surfactant, and in certainembodiments, the personal care composition is free of or substantially free of sulfates, such as SLS and SLES, and / or free of or substantially free of betaine, such as CAPB.

[0032] In some embodiments, the personal care composition may be a cosmetically acceptable composition that can be used for cleansing a skin surface, especially a human skin surface, and which contain ingredients that are safe for the environment, i.e. , ingredients that in sewage disposal plants may be decomposed into substantially harmless substances, and which have a protective effect on the skin (e.g., against irritation and drying).

[0033] In some embodiments, the personal care composition may also provide an emollient effect, as well as having excellent cosmetic and physical stability. In some embodiments, the personal care compositions disclosed herein impart conditioning, smoothing, and / or emollient properties to the skin and, thus reduce the tendency to develop dry, irritated, or otherwise traumatized skin.

[0034] As used herein, the term “skin surface” relates to the outermost surface of the body and embraces intact skin as well as injured skin surfaces, mucosa and mucous membranes. The term “skin surface” is used in a broad sense, embracing both the epidermal layer of the skin and also the dermal layer of the skin. The epidermal layer of the skin is the outer (epithelial) layer, and the deeper connective tissue layer of the skin is called the dermis. The skin may have a thick or a thin epidermis and is therefore often classified as thick or thin skin. In the present context, the term “skin” embraces thick skin as well as thin skin.

[0035] The term “soap” as used herein is given a broad meaning and is intended to encompass agents to clean the hands, hair, and / or the body, including cosmetic or detergent substances as described in 21 C.F.R. 701.20, particularly products generally referred to as liquid hand soaps and body washes.Surfactant blend

[0036] In certain embodiments of the disclosure, the personal care composition comprises a surfactant blend that delivers a notable skin feel and can help to promote end user benefits, such as desirable foam properties, moisturization, fragrance, hydration of the skin, etc., while simultaneously reducing formulation costs and / or simplifying the formulation process and being gentle and non-irritating to the skin, including sensitive skin. In certain embodiments, the surfactant blend is free of sulfates (e.g., SLS and SLES) and free of betaine (e.g., CAPB).

[0037] In certain embodiments, the surfactant blend of the personal care composition comprises at least two surfactants, wherein a first surfactant is an anionic surfactant. As used herein, “anionicsurfactant” means those surface-active or detergent compounds that contain an organic hydrophobic group containing generally 8 to 26 carbon atoms or generally 10 to 18 carbon atoms in their molecular structure and at least one water- solubilizing group so as to form a water-soluble detergent. Usually, the hydrophobic group will comprise a C8-C22 alkyl or an acyl group. Such surfactants are employed in the form of water-soluble salts, and the salt-forming cation may be selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and mono-, di- or tri-C2-C3 alkanolammonium, with the sodium, magnesium and ammonium cations again being the usual ones chosen.

[0038] Some examples of anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, the sodium, potassium, ammonium, and ethanolammonium salts of linear Cs-Cis alkyl ether sulfates, ether sulfates, and salts thereof. Anionic ether sulfates have the formula R(OC2H4)nOSO3M, wherein n is 1 to 12, or 1 to 5. and R is an alkyl, alkylaryl, acyl, or alkenyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, for example, an alkyl group of C12-C14 or C12-C16, and M is a solubilizing cation selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and mono-, di- and triethanol ammonium ions. Exemplary alkyl ether sulfates contain 12 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups thereof, e.g., sodium laureth (2EO) sulfate or sodium laureth (1EO) sulfate. In certain embodiments, the anionic surfactant that may be used in the personal care compositions of the present disclosure is free of any such sulfates, for example free of SLES 1EO or SLES 2EO.

[0039] SLES is an anionic surfactant that is widely used in cleaning products and personal care compositions as a primary surfactant. In addition to an ability to clean a surface (e.g., skin), SLES also has emulsification and foamability properties. SLES raw materials contain trace amounts of 1,4-dioxane, which is a chemical formed as a by-product during the ethoxylation step. The higher the number of ethoxyl groups is, the higher level of 1,4-dioxane SLES raw materials contain. For example, SLES 2EO (SLES having an average degree of ethoxylation of 2) contains up to about 50 ppm 1,4-dioxane. If 7-18% of SLES 2EO is contained in a composition, the composition will contain more than 1 ppm 1,4-dioxane. 1,4-dioxane is a likely carcinogen. 1,4-dioxane is very stable and does not degrade naturally. Furthermore, it is not possible to eliminate 1,4-dioxane in the processes of treating water. It has been recognized that the usage of compositions containing SLES has impact on ground-water contamination. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that the level of 1,4-dioxane in products be monitored and encourages manufacturers to remove 1,4-dioxane. New York banned the sale of householdcleaning and personal care products containing more than 2 ppm 1,4-dioxane at the end of 2022 and more than 1 ppm at the end of 2023. Accordingly, it may be desirable in certain embodiments to formulation a personal care composition that is free of or substantially free of SLES.

[0040] One approach to eliminate or reduce 1,4-dioxane in certain compositions, such as home care compositions, is to use sodium lauryl sulfate (without ethoxylation) instead of SLES. However, the stability of such compositions containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) at low temperature may be poor and a user’s skin may get irritated after contact with the composition. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the personal care compositions disclosed herein are free of SLS.

[0041] In certain embodiments, the anionic surfactant is a non-sulfate based anionic surfactant. In certain embodiments, the non-sulfate based surfactant is an acyl taurate, such as methyl cocoyl taurate or a salt thereof, e.g., sodium methyl cocoyl taurate.

[0042] The anionic surfactants are preferably used as sodium salts, but may also be present as other alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, for example magnesium salts, and in the form of ammonium or mono-, di-, tri- or tetraalkylammonium salts.

[0043] In certain embodiments, the anionic surfactant may be selected from acyl taurates having a structure according to the following formula:wherein Ri is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl chain with 6 to 18 C atoms, R2 is H or methyl, and M+is H, sodium, or potassium (e.g., sodium methyl cocoyl taurate). Examples of acyl taurate salts include sodium cocoyl taurate, potassium cocoyl taurate, potassium methyl cocoyl taurate. sodium caproyl methyl taurate, sodium cocoyl taurate, sodium lauroyl taurate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate (SMCT), sodium methyl lauroyl taurate, sodium methyl myristoyl taurate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, sodium methyl palmitoyl taurate, sodium methyl stearoyl taurate, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the personal care composition comprises sodium lauroyl methyl taurate (or sodium methyl lauroyl taurate), sodium methyl cocoyl taurate (SMCT), or a combination thereof. In at least one preferred embodiment, the surfactant system comprises sodium methyl cocoyl taurate.

[0044] In certain embodiments, the anionic surfactant, e.g., sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, may be present in the personal care composition disclosed herein in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 6 wt%, such as from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 1.5 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 2.5 wt% to about 5 wt%. about 3 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 3.5 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 4 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, about 1.5 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, about 2.5 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, about 3 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, about 3.5 wt% to about 4.5 wt%. about 4 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, or about 3.5 to about 4 wt%, by weight based on the total weight of the personal care composition. In certain embodiments, the anionic surfactant disclosed herein (e.g., sodium methyl cocoyl taurate), may be present in the personal care composition disclosed herein in an amount of about 3.5 wt%, about 3.6 wt%, about 3.7 wt%, about 3.8 wt%, about 3.9 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 4.1 wt%, about 4.2 wt%, about 4.3 wt%, about 4.4 wt%, or about 4.5 wt%, by weight based on the total weight of the personal care composition.

[0045] In certain embodiments, the surfactant blend of the personal care composition disclosed herein comprises a second surfactant. A second surfactant of the surfactant blend may comprise an amphoteric compound, a zwitterionic compound, and / or combinations thereof. Suitable amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants for use in the composition herein include those which are known for use in personal care cleansing, and in certain embodiments, the amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant is not betaine or a derivative thereof.

[0046] Amphoteric surfactants suitable for use in the composition are well-known in the art and include those surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Suitable examples of such amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, sodium cocoaminopropionate, sodium cocoaminodipropionate. sodium cocoamphoacetate, sodium cocoamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, sodium cocoamphopropionate, sodium cornamphopropionate, sodium lauriminodipropionate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium lauroampho hydroxypropylsulfonate, sodium lauroamphopropionate, sodium cornamphopropionate, sodium lauriminodipropionate, ammonium cocaminopropionate, ammonium cocaminodipropionate, ammonium cocoamphoacetate, ammonium cocoamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, ammoniumcocoamphopropionate, ammonium comamphopropionate. ammonium lauraminopropionate, ammonium lauroamphoacetate, ammonium lauroamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, ammonium lauroamphopropionate, ammonium comamphopropionate, ammonium lauriminodipropionate, triethanonlamine cocaminopropionate. triethanonlamine cocaminodipropionate, triethanonlamine cocoamphoacetate, triethanonlamine cocoamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, triethanonlamine cocoamphopropionate, triethanonlamine comamphopropionate, triethanonlamine lauraminopropionatetriethanonlamine lauroamphoacetate, triethanonlamine lauroamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, triethanonlamine lauroamphopropionate, triethanonlamine comamphopropionate, triethanonlamine lauriminodipropionate, cocoamphodipropionic acid, disodium caproamphodiacetate, disodium caproamphoadipropionate, disodium capryloamphodiacetate, disodium capryloamphodipriopionate, disodium cocoamphocarboxyethylhydroxypropylsulfonate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium cocoamphodipropionate, disodium dicarboxyethylcocopropylenediamine, disodium laureth-5 carboxyamphodiacetate, disodium lauriminodipropionate, disodium lauroamphodiacetate, disodium lauroamphodipropionate. disodium oleoamphodipropionate, disodium PPG-2-isodecethy-7 carboxyamphodiacetate, lauraminopropionic acid, lauroamphodipropionic acid, lauryl aminopropylglycine, lauryl diethylenediaminoglycine, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the amphoteric surfactant is sodium cocoamphoacetate.

[0047] Zwitterionic surfactants suitable for use in the composition are well-known in the art and include those surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition disclosed herein is free or substantially free of a zwitterionic surfactant. Zwitterionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, cocamidoethyl betaine, cocamidopropylamine oxide, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl dimethylaminohydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen, cocamidopropyldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, cocobetaineamido amphopropionate, coco-betaine, coco-hydroxysultaine, coco / oleamidopropyl betaine, coco-sultaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine, lauryl hydroxysultaine, lauryl sultaine, and combinationsthereof. In certain exemplary embodiments, the personal care composition is free of cocoamidopropyl betaine.

[0048] In certain embodiments, the amphoteric surfactant is sodium cocoamphoacetate, and the composition is free of or substantially free of betaine, such as cocoamidopropyl betaine. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition disclosed herein comprises a surfactant blend that comprises an anionic surfactant (e.g., SMCT) and an amphoteric surfactant (e.g., sodium cocoamphoacetate).

[0049] The amphoteric surfactant (e.g., sodium cocoamphoacetate) may be present in the personal care composition disclosed herein in any suitable amount. In certain embodiments, the amphoteric surfactant (e.g., sodium cocoamphoacetate) is present in the personal care composition disclosed herein in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt%, such as from about 1 wt% to about 9 wt%. about 2 wt% to about 9 wt%, about 3 wt% to about 9 wt%. about 4 wt% to about 9 wt%, about 5 wt% to about 9 wt%, about 6 wt% to about 9 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 7 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 7 wt%, about 3 wt% to about 7 wt%, about 4 wt% to about 7 wt%, about 5 wt% to about 7 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 6 wt%. about 2 wt% to about 6 wt%, about 3 wt% to about 6 wt%, about 4 wt% to about 6 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 6 wt%, by weight based on the total weight of the personal care composition. In certain embodiments, the amphoteric surfactant disclosed herein (e.g., sodium cocoamphoacetate), may be present in the personal care composition disclosed herein in an amount of about 5.0 wt%, about 5.1 wt%, about 5.2 wt%, about 5.3 wt%, about 5.4 wt%, about 5.5 wt%, about 5.6 wt%, about 5.7 wt%, about 5.8 wt%, about 5.9 wt%, or about 6.0 wt%, by weight based on the total weight of the personal care composition.

[0050] In certain embodiments of the disclosure, the personal care composition comprises an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, and in certain embodiments, the ratio of amphoteric surfactant to anionic surfactant may range from about 1:1 to about 5:1, such as from about 1:1 to about 4:1, about 1:1 to about 3:1, or from about 1:1 to about 2:1. In certain embodiments, the ratio of amphoteric surfactant to anionic surfactant in the personal care composition is about 1:1, about 1.1:1, about 1.2:1, about 1.3:1, about 1.4:1, about 1.5:1, about 1.6:1, about 1.7:1, about 1.8:1, about 1.9:1, or about 2.0:1.

[0051] In various aspects of the disclosure, the surfactant blend may further comprise a nonionic surfactant, and in certain embodiments, the personal care composition is free of a nonionic surfactant. As used herein, “nonionic surfactant” generally refers to compounds produced by thecondensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound which may be aliphatic or alkyl-aromatic in nature. Examples of nonionic surfactants include poloxamers (sold under trade name PLURONIC®), polyoxyethylene, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (sold under trade name TWEENS®). Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, products derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine, ethylene oxide condensates of aliphatic alcohols, alkyl polyglycosides (for example, fatty alcohol ethers of polyglycosides, such as fatty alcohol ethers of polyglucosides, e.g., decyl, lauryl, capryl, caprylyl, myristyl, stearyl and other ethers of glucose and polyglucoside polymers, including mixed ethers such as capryl / caprylyl (Cs-io) glucoside, coco (Cs-ie) glucoside, decyl glucoside, and lauryl (C12-I6) glucoside), long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides, long chain dialkyl sulfoxides, and mixtures of such materials. Alkyl glucoside is a compound produced by combining a sugar such as glucose with a fatty alcohol. Alkyl refers to an unbranched or branched carbon chain. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is unbranched. The alkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is saturated.

[0052] Alkyl glucoside may be Cs-25 alkyl glucoside, e.g., Cs-is alkyl glucoside, Cio-18 alkyl glucoside or Cio-16 alkyl glucoside. In some embodiments, the alkyl glucoside is selected from decyl glucoside, caprylyl / capryl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, cocoglucoside, octyl glucoside, cetearyl glucoside, cetyl glucoside, hexadecyl glucoside, arachidyl glucoside, and a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the alkyl glucoside is selected from decyl glucoside, caprylyl / capryl glucoside, coco-glucoside and a combination thereof.

[0053] In embodiments of the disclosure, the nonionic surfactant may be present in the personal care composition disclosed herein in an amount ranging from about 0 wt% to about 5 wt%, such as from 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 4 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 3 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 2 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1.2 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 5 wt%, such as from about 0.5 wt% to about 4 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 3 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 2 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 1.2 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, or about 1 wt% to about 1.2 wt%, by weight based on the total weight of the personal care composition. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition may be free of or substantially free of a nonionic surfactant.

[0054] In certain embodiments of the disclosure, the personal care composition comprises a surfactant blend comprising or consisting of an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, and in certain embodiments, the personal care composition comprises a surfactant blend comprising or consisting of an acyl taurate (e.g.. sodium methyl cocoyl taurate) and an acyl amphoacetate (e.g., sodium cocoamphoacetate). In certain embodiments, the personal care composition comprises a surfactant blend comprising or consisting of an acyl taurate (e.g., sodium methyl cocoyl taurate) and an acyl amphoacetate (e.g.. sodium cocoamphoacetate) and is free of or substantially free of sulfates and betaine.At least one preservative

[0055] In other embodiments, the personal care compositions may also comprise at least one suitable preservative. Since the personal care compositions disclosed herein are sulfate-free and betaine-free, the alternative surfactants (e.g., an anionic surfactant such as SMCT and an amphoteric surfactant such as an amphoacetate) may not be able to maintain sufficient micro robustness. Accordingly, the personal care compositions disclosed herein comprise at least one preservative. Preservatives are compounds added to a formulation to act as an antimicrobial agent and prevent or inhibit spoilage of the formulation. Among preservatives known in the art as being effective are acids such as lactic acid and / or citric acid, sodium lactate, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium, chlorohexidine, phenol, m-cresol, benzyl alcohol, methylparaben, propylparaben, chlorobutanol, o-cresol, p-cresol, chlorocresol, phenylmercuric nitrate, thimerosal, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate and various mixtures thereof.

[0056] When the compositions contain at least one preservative, the total amount of preservative present may range from about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%, depending on the characteristics of the particular preservatives selected and the amount required for effective preservation in the particular formulation. In some embodiments, the personal care composition compositions comprise at least one preservative selected from lactic acid, sodium lactate, sodium benzoate, and combinations thereof, and in some embodiments, the at least one preservative it lactic acid. In certain embodiments, the preservatives are present in the personal care composition in a total amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, such as from about 0.1 wt% to about 4 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 3 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 4 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 3 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, about 1.5 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 1.5 wt% to about 4 wt%, about 1.5 wt% to about 3 wt%, about 1.5 wt% toabout 2.5 wt%, from about 2 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 4 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 3 wt%, or about 2 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, by weight based on the total weight of the personal care composition.

[0057] Antimicrobial activity can be measured by any means known in the art. including, for example, by performing micro robustness testing and / or short interval kill testing on a composition. As used herein, micro robustness testing refers to a screening process for assessing the micro robustness of a composition, such as a personal care composition as disclosed herein. The micro robustness is a quantitative measure of a composition’s ability to withstand microbial insult, and encompasses the rate of kill of a bacterial inoculum as well as a total kill level. The quantitative measure may be expressed as the Area Under the Curve (AUC). To calculate a micro robustness index, compositions are challenged by inoculation with a specific microorganism or a pool of microorganisms. At selected time intervals (e.g., 0, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, and / or 96 hours), the challenged composition is sampled. Dilutions and platings are performed to recover the surviving microorganisms, and the log difference in the bacterial counts (CFU / g) between the composition and an inoculum control is calculated over time to determine the AUC. In certain embodiments disclosed herein, the personal care composition has a micro robustness index of at least about 0.85, such as at least about 0.90, at least about 0.95, 1.0, at least about 1.1, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.3, or at least about 1.4.Liquid carrier

[0058] The personal care composition disclosed herein may comprise a liquid carrier. The liquid carrier may comprise one or more of a solvent, diluent, and combinations thereof. The liquid carrier may comprise one or more of water, alcohols (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol or mixtures thereof), and mixtures thereof. In at least one embodiment, the carrier comprises water.

[0059] The amount of liquid carrier present in the personal care formulation may vary, e.g., from about 50 wt% to about 98 wt%, based on the total weight of the personal care composition, including all wt% and sub-ranges there-between. In some embodiments, the amount of liquid carrier present in the personal care composition may range from about 55 wt% to about 93 wt%, such as about 60 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 70 wt%, or about 60 wt% to about 65 wt%, based on the total weight of the personal care composition.1108403-00-WG-01-PCAdditional ingredients

[0060] The personal care compositions disclosed herein may include any additional ingredients known for use in personal care compositions. Further non-limiting examples of such personal care composition ingredients include thickening agents, foam boosters, anti-bacterial agents, perfumes or fragrances, coloring agents or dyes, conditioning agents, hair bleaching agents, moisturizers, emollients, pharmaceutical actives, vitamins or nutrients, sunscreens, deodorants, plant extracts, nutrients, astringents, cosmetic particles, absorbent particles, adhesive particles, hair fixatives, fibers, reactive agents, skin lightening agents, skin tanning agents, anti-dandruff agents, perfumes, exfoliating agents, acids, bases, humectants, enzymes, suspending agents, pH modifiers, hair colorants, hair perming agents, pigment particles, anti-acne agents, anti-microbial agents, exfoliation particles, hair growth or restorer agents, insect repellents, shaving lotion agents, cosolvents or other additional solvents, and similar other materials.

[0061] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition may comprise a thickening agent. The thickening agent may be selected from one or more polysaccharides. In some embodiments, the polysaccharide may comprise one or more of xanthan gum, tragacanth gum, carrageenan gum (also referred as just “carrageenan”), alginates, agar-agar, gum Arabic, guar gum, gellan gum, pectin, cellulose, welan, dituan gum, locust bean gum extract seeds of the carob tree, dammar gum, kauri gum, spruce gum, gum from Fenugreek and gum anima (western or eastern).

[0062] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition disclosed herein further comprises at least one foam booster to increase the amount of foam. Any foam booster known in the art may be used in the embodiments disclosed herein. Examples of foam boosters include, but are not limited to, fatty acid monoethanol amide, fatty acid diethanol amide, cocomonoethanol amide (CMEA), cocodiethanol amide (CDEA), and lauryl diethanol amide. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition disclosed herein is free of or substantially free of a foam booster, and in certain embodiments, the personal care composition is free of or substantially free of any or all of fatty acid monoethanol amide, fatty acid diethanol amide. CMEA, CDEA, and lauryl diethanol amide. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition disclosed herein is free of or substantially free of CMEA.

[0063] In certain embodiments, the amount of the at least one foam booster in the personal care composition may range from about 0 wt% to about 3 wt%, such as from about 0.1 wt% to about 3 wt%, about 0.2 wt% to about 2.8 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, about 0.8 wt% to about 2wt%, about 1 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, or about 1 wt%, by weight based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0064] In certain embodiments, the personal care compositions disclosed herein may comprises at least one anti-microbial agent. Non-limiting examples of such anti-microbial agents include benzoic acid, benzoic acid salts, salicylic acid and salicylic salts, benzoic acid esters, sorbic acid, sorbic acid salts, sorbic acid esters, parabens, alkyl lactylate esters, citrate esters, alkyl malate esters, and alkyl glycolate esters, and mixtures thereof. The anti-microbial agent may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt% based on the total weight of the personal care composition, including all amounts and sub-ranges there-between.

[0065] The personal care composition disclosed herein may further comprise a pH modifier (also referred to as a pH adjusting agent). Non-limiting examples of such pH modifiers include acetic acid, adipic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, dehydroacetic acid, erythorbic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, gluconic acid, hyaluronic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, sorbic acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfamic acid, carboxylic acid polymers, homo- or hetero-polymerized a-hydroxy carboxylic acids including poly lactic acid and poly lactic-glycolic acid and mixtures of two or more said acids.

[0066] The pH of the personal care composition may be adjusted using the pH modifier based on the desired end application of the personal care composition. For example, for hand soap applications, the personal care composition may comprise pH modifier in an amount such that the personal care composition has a pH value near the pH value of the skin (i.e., a pH about 5-5.5). In other embodiments, the personal care composition may have a higher pH than that of the skin, for example to impart conditioning of the skin. In some embodiments, the suitable pH is from about 3.5 to about 5.5. In a non-limiting embodiment, the pH modifier may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% based on the total weight of the personal care composition, including all amounts and sub-ranges there-between.

[0067] The personal care compositions disclosed herein may further comprise one or more ionic additives as viscosity modifiers. The ionic additive may be a salt, which can include any desirable salt. Examples of salts include, but are not limited to, sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate.

[0068] In some embodiments, the personal care composition may comprise suitable antioxidants, i.e., substances known to inhibit oxidation. Antioxidants suitable for use in accordance with thepresent disclosure include, but are not limited to, butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, ascorbic palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone, 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-di-fert-butylphenol, erythorbic acid, gum guaiac, propyl gallate, thiodipropionic acid, dilauryl thiodipropionate, tert-butylhydroquinone and tocopherots such as vitamin E, and the like, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters of these compounds, e.g., butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, ascorbic acid, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof, or mixtures thereof; for example butylated hydroxytoluene. When the personal care compositions disclosed herein contain at least one antioxidant, the total amount of antioxidant present may be from about 0.001 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, such as from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.1 wt%, by weight based on the total weight of the personal care composition.

[0069] Still further embodiments provide personal care compositions comprising a chelating agent that forms complexes with metal cations that do not cross a lipid bilayer. Examples of suitable chelating agents may include trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N.N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and 8-Amino-2-[(2-amino-5-methylphenoxy)methyl]-6-methoxyquinoline-N5N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, tetrapotassium salt (QUIN-2). When the personal care compositions contain at least one chelating agent, the total amount of chelating agent present may range from about 0.005 wt% to about 2 wt% by weight, depending on the particular chelator and formulation selected. For example, in some embodiments, the compositions may contain about 0.05 wt% to about 0.2 wt% of trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate.

[0070] In some embodiments, the personal care composition may comprise at least one fragrance ingredient. Fragrances that may be used in the personal composition include a wide variety of natural and synthetic chemical ingredients, including, but not limited to, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and the like. Also included are various natural extracts and essences, such as essential oils. The at least one fragrance may be selected in a non-limiting fashion from the following fragrances and essential oils: ambrette, angelica, anise, amyris, bay, bergamot, balsamic, basil, bois-de-rose, cade, cajiput, camphor, cananga, java cassia, clary sage, curry, calamus, costus, carrot, cedar wood, cedar, cinnamon, citronella java, clove, cypress, cyperiol, chamomile blue, chamomile roman, davana, dill, elemi, eucalyptus, eucalyptus globules, frank incense, geranium, ginger grass, ginger lily, galangal, gurjam, grape fruit, jasminum, juniper berry, juniper, kapoor katcheri, lavender,lemon, lemon grass, lemon melissa, lime, laur spearmint, lemon balm, litsea cubeba, mentha citrata, mentha piperata, mentha shivalik, mandarin, marjoram, mint, musk, myrtle, nar kachur, neroli, niaouli, orange, sweet orange, oregano, bitter patchouli, patchouli, petit grain, peppermint, pine, palma rosa, pimento berry, rose, rose wood, rose marry, rosemary, sandal wood, spearmint, sugandh mantri (gandhi roots), spike nard, tarragon, tangerine, tea tree, thyme, thuja wood, tomar (zanthozylum), tagettues, vetiver, valerian, winter green, worm wood (gaultheria fragrantissim wall), ylang, zadoeria. and any combination thereof.

[0071] When present, the at least one fragrance may be present in the personal care composition in any amount sufficient to impart the desired characteristics, including scent and viscosity, to the personal care composition. In certain embodiments, the at least one fragrance may be present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% to about 1.3 wt%, such as from about 0.2 wt% to about 1.2 wt%, about 0.3 wt% to about 1 wt%, or about 0.4 wt% to about 0.9 wt%, by weight based on a total weight of the personal care composition. In certain embodiments, the at least one fragrance is present in the personal care composition in an amount of about 0.1 wt%, about 0.2 wt%, about 0.3 wt%. about 0.4 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 0.6 wt%, about 0.7 wt%, about 0.8 wt%, about 0.9 wt%, about 1.0 wt%, about 1.1 wt%, about 1.2 wt%, or about 1.3 wt%, by weight based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0072] The personal care composition may further comprise at least one natural preservative, which may be one or more of an extract of anise, black currant, cinnamon or cinnamon oil, geranium or geranium oil, ginger or ginger oil, Indian ginseng root, lavender, lemongrass, Magnolia acnihio, maritime pine, Mentha piperita, olive leaf, oregano, peppermint, elderberry, rosemary, tea tree, thyme and grapefruit. In some embodiments, the amount of the at least one natural preservative is in the range of about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, by weight based on the total weight of the personal care composition.

[0073] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition disclosed herein further comprises an anti-bacterial agent. Non-limiting examples of anti-bacterial agents may include alcohols, aldehydes, antimicrobial acids or their salts, carboxylic esters, acid amides, phenols, phenol derivatives, diphenyls, diphenylalkanes, urea derivatives, oxygen, nitrogen acetals and formats, benzamidines, isothiazoles and their derivatives are suitable according to the disclosure. Derivatives such as isothiazolines and isothiazolinones, phthalimide derivatives, pyridine derivatives, antimicrobial surface active compounds, guanidines, antimicrobial amphoteric1108403-00-WG-01-PCcompounds, quinolines, l,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, iodo-2-propynyl-butyl-carbamate, iodine, iodophores and peroxides are also contemplated. Preferred antimicrobial agents are selected from the group comprising ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, 1,3-butanediol, phenoxyethanol, 1,2-propylene glycol, glycerol, undecylenic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, thymol, 2-Benzyl 4-chlorophenol, 2,2'-methylenebis (6-bromo-4-chlorophenol), 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) urea, N. N'-(l,10-decanediyldi-l-pyridinyl-4-ylidene) bis (1-octanamine) dihydrochloride, N, N'-bis (4-Chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,ll,13-tetraazatetradecandiimidamide, antimicrobial quaternary surface active compounds, guanidines. Furthermore, antimicrobial effective essential oils can be used, which at the same time may provide for a scenting of the personal care composition.

[0074] The personal care composition disclosed herein may be a cleansing product. Non-limiting examples of the personal care composition disclosed herein may include a liquid hand soap, facial cleanser, shower gel, shampoo, conditioner, body wash, or skin cleanser. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition is a body wash, shower gel, or skin cleanser.

[0075] The personal care compositions may be formulated to have a viscosity of about 3,000 to about 15,000 cP using a Brookfield DV2T viscometer with a spindle number 5 at 20 RPM and a temperature of 25 °C in a non-diluted form. In some instances, the personal care composition has a viscosity of from about 3,000 to about 15,000 cP, about 3,000 to about 12,000 cP, about 3,000 to about 10,000 cP, about 3,000 to about 8,000 cP, about 3,000 to about 7,000 cP, about 3,000 to about 6,000 cP; from about 3,500 to about 15,000 cP, about 3,500 to about 12,000 cP, about 3,500 to about 10,000 cP, about 3,500 to about 8,000 cP, about 3,500 to about 7,000 cP, about 3,500 to about 6,000 cP; from about 4,000 to about 15,000 cP, about 4,000 to about 12,000 cP, about 4,000 to about 10,000 cP, about 4,000 to about 8,000 cP, about 4,000 to about 7,000 cP, about 4,000 to about 6,000 cP; from about 4,500 to about 15,000 cP, about 4,500 to about 12,000 cP, about 4,500 to about 10,000 cP, about 4,500 to about 8,000 cP, about 4,500 to about 7,000 cP. about 4,500 to about 6,000 cP, about 4,500 cP to about 5,000 cP, or any range or subrange thereof using a Brookfield DV2T viscometer with a spindle number 5 at 20 RPM and a temperature of 25 °C.

[0076] The personal care composition may be provided in a container, such a re- sealable bottle configured for the personal care composition to be dispensed incrementally at the time of the desired use, e.g., during bathing.

[0077] Also disclosed herein is a method of cleansing the skin and / or hair comprising applying the personal care composition disclosed herein to the skin and / or hair; washing; and optionally rinsing with water. In addition to cleansing, the personal care compositions disclosed herein can be used to moisturize the skin and / or the hair. For example, in certain embodiments the personal care composition may be applied to skin and / or hair. If the personal care composition is a rinse-off composition, the composition is rinsed off after application, e.g., with water. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition can be left on for any desired amount of time. The personal care composition can be in the form of a body wash, a shower gel, a hand soap, a shampoo, a conditioner, a skin lotion, a sunscreen, a bubble bath, or the like.

[0078] The present disclosure further provides a method of manufacturing a personal care product comprising the personal care composition disclosed herein. The method comprising: blending together the surfactants with personal care ingredients, including at least one preservative, to form the personal care composition. Subsequently, the method comprises adding a predetermine volume of the personal care composition to the container to form the personal care product.EXAMPLES

[0079] The examples and other implementations described herein are exemplary and not intended to be limiting in describing the full scope of compositions and methods of this disclosure. Equivalent changes, modifications and variations of specific implementations, materials, compositions and methods may be made within the scope of the present disclosure, with substantially similar results.Example 1 - Prototype Formulations and Stability Evaluations

[0080] Five initial prototype formulations were prepared as shown below in Table 1. Notably, none of the formulations contained sulfates or betaine.

[0081] Table 1 - Formulations without sulfates or betaine

[0082] A shown in Table 1, Prototype 1 did not contain preservatives, and the pH was lowered to about 4.0 with citric acid. Prototype 1 had an initial viscosity of about 3840 cps, which was deemed acceptable for a personal care composition, e.g., a body wash. The Prototype 1, however, failed the micro robustness test, exhibiting a micro robustness index (MRI) below 1 (0.64). In Prototype 2, SMCT was increased to 12% and 0.25% sodium benzoate was added as a preservative. The MRI of Prototype 2 was relatively low at 0.76. In Prototype 3, lactic acid was added as a preservative to increase the micro robustness, and the Prototype 3 passed micro robustness testing with an MRI of 1.29; however, the initial viscosity of Prototype 3 low (2390 cps). In Prototype 4, SMCT and cocoamphoacetate were adjusted to around 13% and 19%, respectively, and 2% lactic acid was added as a preservative. Prototype 4 passed the micro robustness testing with an MRI of 1.2. In Prototype 5, SMCT and cocoamphoacetate were adjusted to around 13% and 19%, respectively, and 0.74% lactic acid and 2.1% sodium lactate were added as preservatives. Prototype 5 also passed the micro robustness testing with an MRI of 1.31. Prototype 4 was selected for further evaluation.Example 2 - Viscosity Evaluations

[0083] The Prototype 4 as prepared in Example 1 was further adjusted as shown below in Table 2, and the Prototypes 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 were evaluated for viscosity.

[0084] Table 2 - Formulations Evaluated for Viscosity1108403-00-WG-01-PC

[0085] The appearance, viscosity, and pH over time and temperature were measured for Prototype 4.1, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0086] Table 3 - pH and Viscosity of Prototype 4.1

[0087] Since the non-fragrance base of Prototype 4.1 did well on viscosity testing, the fragrances were added for Prototypes 4.2 and 4.3. Because Prototype 4.1 had an initial viscosity of only 4140 cps, the amounts of SMCT and amphoacetate added to Prototypes 4.2 and 4.3 were increased to 13% and 19%. It was observed that the addition of 0.9% fragrance to Prototype 4.2 caused the initial viscosity to drop sharply to 330 cps. Accordingly, the fragrance amount was decreased to 0.4% in Prototype 4.3, and the initial viscosity was 3370 cps. The results showed that the fragrances may have significant impacts to the viscosity of a sulfate-free, betaine-free personal care composition.

[0088] Based on the formula of Prototype 4.2, additional prototypes were preparing using different fragrances, as shown below in Table 4.

[0089] Table 4 - Additional Prototypes with Fragrances and Viscosity

[0090] The results confirm the previous observation that the fragrance has significant impacts on the viscosity of the sulfate-free, betaine-free personal care composition.Example 3 - Performance Evaluations

[0091] An expert panel was assembled to evaluate the performance of a sulfate-free, betaine-free composition (Prototype 6) as compared to a control composition comprising a surfactant blend of cocoamidopropyl betaine. SLES. and coco-glucoside. The two formulations are shown below in Table 5.

[0092] Table 5 - Control Formulation and Sulfate-Free, Betaine-Free Prototype 61108403-00-WG-01-PC

[0093] The formulations were evaluated using Dynamic Foam Analysis (DFA) for foam volume, foam speed, bubble density, and bubble density. The foaming profiles showing foam volume over time are shown in Figure 1 for both the control and the Prototype 6. Figure 2 shows the maximum foam volume achieved for the Control (84.8 mL) as compared to the Prototype 6 (110.2). As shown in Figure 2, the Prototype 6 achieved a significantly greater foam volume. Together, Figures 1 and 2 evidence that the sulfate-free, betaine-free body wash provides a greater foam volume and also has improved foam stability as compared to the control. Figure 3 illustrates the foaming speed of the formulations, as measured in mm / s. As shown in Figure 3, Prototype 6 had a significantly faster foaming speed (1.7 mm / s) than the control (0.9 mm / s).

[0094] The DFA further provided both bubble count and bubble size measurements. As shown in Figure 4, bubble count for the Prototype 6 was 203.0 bubbles per mm3, while the bubble count for the control formulation was 225.5 bubbles mm3. As shown in Figure 5, the average initial bubble size was measured as 36.7 p.m for Prototype 6 and 35.0 m for the control formulation.

[0095] Additionally, the sensorial / skin feel was evaluated via an assessment by an expert panel (10) trained in Skinfeel Descriptive Analysis, wherein each sample was evaluated twice. Attributes were scaled using a 1-100 point intensity scale, where 0 indicated none and 100 indicated very strong. Overall, the panel determined that Prototype 6 and the control had similar performance with respect to foam amount and moisturization, while the Prototype 6 produced a thicker foam. The results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0096] Table 6 - Summary of Performance Evaluations

[0097] The expert panel provided feedback regarding the control and Prototype 6 formulations. Specifically, according to the expert panel, the control had a low-to-moderate amount of loose foam, slightly floral notes, and a low-to-moderate amount of residue that is characterized as waxy and greasy at first, changing to a greasy, waxy residue with powder on top. The expert panel further characterized Prototype 6 as providing a low-to-moderate amount of thick, creamy foam with green floral notes. After application, the Prototype 6 had a low-to-moderate amount of residue that was characterized as waxy initially, then changing to waxy with powder on top.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat Is Claimed Is:

1. A personal care composition comprising:a surfactant blend comprising an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant; andat least one preservative,wherein the personal care composition is free of sulfates and betaine.

2. The personal care composition according to claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactant is an acyl taurate, preferably sodium methyl cocoyl taurate.

3. The personal care composition according to claim 1, wherein the amphoteric surfactant is an amphoacetate.

4. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amphoteric surfactant is selected from sodium cocoamphoacetate or sodium lauroamphoacetate, preferably sodium cocoamphoacetate.

5. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the anionic surfactant is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt%, such as about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% or about 3.5 wt% to about 4 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

6. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amphoteric surfactant is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt%, such as about 4 wt% to about 7 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 6 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

7. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one preservative is selected from lactic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, and combinations thereof, preferably lactic acid.

8. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one preservative is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 5 wt%, such as from about 1 wt% to about 2 wt%, by weight relative to a total weight of the personal care composition.

9. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one liquid carrier, optionally wherein the at least one liquid carrier is water.

10. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one fragrance.

11. The personal care composition according to claim 10, wherein the at least one fragrance is present in an amount of about 0.3 wt% to about 1.3 wt%, such as about 0.4 wt% to about 0.9 wt%, by weight based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

12. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the personal care composition has a viscosity ranging from about 3000 cps to about 6000 cps, such as from about 4000 cps to about 5500 cps or from about 4500 cps to about 5250 cps.

13. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the a surfactant blend consists of an acyl taurate and an amphoacetate, preferably SMCT and sodium cocoamphoacetate.

14. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amphoteric surfactant and the anionic surfactant are present in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 5:1, such as from about 1:1 to about 2:1, about 1.4:1, about 1.5:1, or about 1.46:1.

15. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the personal care composition is a bath soap, shower gel, shampoo, conditioner, body wash, or skin cleanser, preferably a body wash.

16. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the personal care composition further comprises at least one foam booster.

17. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the personal care composition has a micro robustness index of at least about 0.85, such as at least about 1.0, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.3, or at least about 1.4.

18. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the personal care composition has a pH ranging from about 4 to about 5.

19. A method of manufacturing a personal care product, the method comprising:blending together a surfactant blend comprising an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant and at least one preservative, to form a personal care composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18; andadding a predetermined volume of the personal care composition to a container to form the personal care product.

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