A smooth composite writing ball with etched recesses stabilizes ink outflow while reducing ball seat wear and preventing burning.
Selective etching forms recessed carbide areas on a smooth writing ball to stabilize ink outflow while reducing ball seat wear and burning.
A stepped, broached, and coined ball seat texture maintains a continuous ink layer, improving writing smoothness and reducing tip wear.
Micro-cavities formed in a stepped ball seat keep ink between the ball and seat, improving writing smoothness and reducing tip wear.