Direct liquid flow through battery module channels cools heat-generating poles without extra exchangers, improving heat removal and energy use.
Anode pressure slope feedback adapts purge valve timing to remove water buildup while limiting hydrogen loss and stabilizing fuel cell operation.
Aligning the EV electric compressor with the motor yaw mode cuts steering wheel vibration while avoiding roll and pitch excitation.
Selective air supply and refresh control clear water buildup and protect reactant flow when an FCEV leaves park for high acceleration.