See how an external heating apparatus recirculates water from the lower tank portion to the top
See how time-series heat usage data from multiple targets enables machine learning to predict t
See how a bolted leak-tight assembly with O-rings replaces welding in closed water boilers, eli
See how overpressure valve control maintains dispensing temperature near 373 K while reducing s
See how moving all water and heating connections to the tank top eliminates side-wall corrosion
See how segmented heat exchangers and dynamic switching enable simultaneous space heating and d
See how time-based flow rate monitoring differentiates temporary decreases from actual water su
See how a single heating source with bypass mixing delivers both 120°F domestic water and 180°F
See how a hot water tank stores excess renewable electricity as thermal energy and transfers it
A single heating source uses bypass mixing and valve control to supply domestic water and space heating at different temperatures.
An external flow heater and circulating pump charge the heat accumulator while reducing pressure loss and matching outlet temperature to system conditions.
A temperature sensor and controlled inlet valve create pulsating hot water flow to warn users of unsafe tank temperature and trigger shutoff.
Coordinated solenoid valve closure and compressor shell heating prevent refrigerant retention, cut standby power loss, and avoid defrost freezing.
A pump-driven internal circulation path keeps hot water near the set temperature when flow is too low for normal burner ignition.