A biometric sensor reuses its LED and light receiver as an optical data link, avoiding noisy power-signal communication during wireless charging.
Broadcast control signals let EV charge-discharge elements request local permission, cutting server load and blocking unauthorized facility use.
Audio tones or optical signals unlock an ENDS device only after age verification, reducing unauthorized use without complex onboard authentication.
Wireless-first, priority-based charging communication helps vehicles connect across multiple standards and use automatic charging or Plug & Charge.
User-driven ISO 15118 standard switching shortens EV charging connection setup by avoiding unwanted VPP-first negotiation.
Horizontal acceleration sensing lets the control unit track phone movement and reposition the transmitting coil to sustain in-vehicle charging efficiency.
Charging the SWI line, then sampling its voltage, enables fast module presence detection with minimal communication overhead and no added hardware.
A current-pattern authentication flow also measures pack-to-vehicle contact resistance, helping prevent battery misidentification and unsafe connections.
Mutual authentication and tamper-resistant deterioration records let charging stations block worn batteries and maintain EV power availability.
DC pulse charging with testing between high-voltage pulses speeds EV charging while detecting faults to protect the vehicle and station.
Sensors and a movable under-parking connector align with the vehicle inlet, enabling EV charging where kerbside space is limited.